JAMES BOND COULD HAVE LEARNED FROM PHILBY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP70B00338R000300220062-3
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 10
• Document Creation Date: December 19, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 15, 2005
• Sequence Number: 62
• Publication Date: November 12, 1967
• Content Type: MAGAZINE

Approved For Re , 2006/01/30: CIA-
GUY BURGESS-Right, as a ca-
reer British diplomat; far right, in
Russia after his and co-conspirator
Maclean's flight from England in
1951. Philby first came under sus-
picion as the "third man" in that
widely publicized episode.
HAROLD ADRIAN PHILBY -
Right, the man who once headed the
counterespionage section of British
Intelligence, in London in the early
fifties; far right, a photo of Philby
made by his son John this September
in Moscow, where he now holds an
important post in Soviet Intelligence.
James Bond Could
Have Learned From Philby
36 THE NEW YORK TIMES MAGAZINE
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 Corporations may give
up to 5 per cent of
their pretax profits
to charity. This year
donations amount to $900-
million. Good or bad?
of supporting new endeavors, especi-
ally "community-action" programs
that threaten to disrupt existing so-
cial patterns. This is not surprising,
considering the composition of the
committees which preside over these
drives.
Usual company practice is to write
an annual check and let the locals
decide on the distribution of, dona-
tions. "To refuse to meet your com-
munity obligations," a steel executive
said, "will create ill-will out of all
proportion to the cost of conforming
to community sentiment." But what
needs to be added is that "commu-
nity sentiment" is not so much over-
all public opinion. as it is the atti-
tudes and outlooks of the local
gentry. Most large companies are
shrewd enough to remain on good
terms with Main Street bankers and
businessmen, realizing that token
displays of deference can pay off
when larger issues are at stake.
BUT local managers of national
enterprises have very little discretion
about giving. For all the rhetoric
about decentralized decision-making
within large corporations, philan-
thropy is still one area where control
remains in the head office. Only a
very few firms allow their on-the-
spot people complete independence
when it comes to donations of over
a few hundred dollars. It may seem
strange," one headquarters official
said, "that we permit a plant man-
ager to use his head when it comes
to buying $1-million-worth of chem-
icals but don't trust him with a $500
contribution." The reason, reveal-
ingly, is that while a company may
have faith in its supervisors' tech-
nical competence, it is not willing to
rely on their social or political sophis-
tication.
"There are just too many traps in
this giving business," a home-office-
based giver explained, "and without
the right experience even the most
intelligent guy could embarrass the
hell out of the company with an ill-
advised pledge." For this reason,
more than a few firms make a point
of automatically referring to the At-
torney General's list since, as one
NEW YORK'S LINCOLN CENTER is the most visible example of "corpo-
rate involvement with high culture." Eastern Air Lines gave $500,000 for a
production of Wagner's "The Ring"; Texaco $450,000 for general purposes,
and 33 other firms donated at least $100,000 each.
executive warned, "the names of
many subversive organizations are
highly misleading." Perhaps they
are. Among the 633 cited groups
presumed to be bent on the Govern-
ment's violent overthrow are such
booby-traps as the Actors' Labora-
tory, the American Rescue Ship
Mission and the Association of In-
terns and Medical Students.
FOR the past several years, the
chief focus and fashion in company
giving at the national level has been
higher education. In 1964-65, the
last year for which complete figures
are available, businesses gave $175-
million to colleges and universities.
While this, as has been indicated, is
about 40 per cent of all corporate
contributions, it amounts to less than
15 per cent of the total gifts received
by educational institutions.
One has only to spend a short time
in the executive suites of Park Ave-
nue or Rockefeller Center to see that
more and more corporation execu-
tives are getting a good deal of
enjoyment out of seeing themselves
as honorary trustees. Eastman Kodak
gives over $2-million each year to
education, and the General Motors
scholarship programs pay out more
than $5-million annually. U. S. Steel
gives regularly to 250 selected small
colleges as well as to every member
of the Association of American Uni-
versities.
As might be expected, big corpo-
rations prefer the company of big
universities. In a sense, Stanford
University (which received $5.5-mil-
lion in corporate money) stands in
an ambassadorial relation to Stand-
ard Oil of California. Harvard, Co-
lumbia, Chicago, Cornell and M.I.T.
get over $2-million each from corpo-
rations each year. (So do less pres-
tigeful Northwestern and N.Y.U.,
which shows the advantage of living
next door to corporate headquarters.)
There is much to be said for sup-
porting the country's leading institu-
tions, for the entire educational sys-
tem profits from a hierarchical
arrangement of wealth and quality;
but any such hierarchy must be
reasonably strong in its middle
reaches, and it is here that the im-
pact of corporate giving is weakest.
There are almost 1,400 private col-
leges and universities in the United
(Continued on Page 74)
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 Approved For Release 2006/01/30 : CIA-RDP70B00338R000300220062-3
For 30 years before he skipped to
Russia in 1963, Britain's upper-crust
agent H. A. Philby lived one of the most
successful--and treacherous-lies in all
spydom, and London hasn't recovered yet.
LONDON.
IN January, 1963, Harold Adrian
Philby, known to all as "Kim,"
disappeared from Beirut, where
he was working as a correspondent
of two British weeklies, The Observer
and The Economist. Soon afterward,
Edward Heath, then the Government
spokesman, announced in answer to
a question in the House of Commons
that Kim had skipped to the Soviet
Union. He added that, contrary to
what his fellow spokesman Harold
Macmillan had said in 1955, Kim was
indeed the "third man" who had
tipped off his fellow traitors Donald
Maclean and Guy Burgess in 1951,
enabling them, too, to defect to
Russia.
It was only about a year ago that
bits and pieces of evidence began to
add up. The clean escape of still
another traitor, George Blake, from
Wormwood Scrubs Prison in London
in 1966 had been a pointer. Eleanor
Philby, Kim's last wife in the West,
was now separated from him and
ready to talk. It looked as if we
had underrated his importance as a
double agent. The Sunday Times of
London started a worldwide investi-
gation and hired me as consultant.
Our report has appeared over the last
month and has startled many people
in the United States as well as Britain.
To judge from Foreign Secretary
George Brown's antics at the Savoy
Hotel on Nov. 1, it has startled him.
So it's worth saying-contrary to
Mr. Brown's assertion then to The
Sunday Times' publisher and other
diners that the report "helped the
Russians"-that it contained nothing
which the Communists did not know
already, though it probably had the
salutary effect of showing them that
we knew more about their subversion
than they suspected. On the other
hand, it told the public in the West,
who are not babies, some serious
facts of life which they have every
right to know and to judge them-
selves. Of course, the authorities
would have preferred to continue to
live a quiet life with those facts under
the carpet, where they had lain for
so long.
My Foreign Office duties in the
nineteen-fifties and early sixties had
GEOFFREY McDERMOTT spent 27
years in the British Diplomatic Service.
He now writes on foreign affairs.
placed me fairly and squarely in the
middle of the Anglo-American intelli-
gence community. For some years
I chaired the Joint Intelligence Com-
mittee, which included representatives
of our intelligence departments. Sir
Patrick Dean, now British Ambassador
in Washington, was my immediate
boss. Representatives of the C.I.A.
sat in on our meetings, and in return
the representative of the British
Secret Intelligence Service, otherwise
called M16, was right in on the
American intelligence setup in Wash-
ington. Philby had been that man
from 1949 to 1951. In 1956, 1 became
Foreign Office adviser to the chief of
the S.I.S., Sir Dick White. This, as
we shall see, was another crucial
year for Philby.
As a result of my position I was
less bewildered than some by these
chilling developments. I knew from
experience that deception was one of
the cardinal principles of espionage.
Many of my best friends were spies
-but spies in their own countries'
interest.
While the public at large was
stunned by the news, the authorities
were clamming up. But portentous
questions remained. Could this highly
respected member of MI6 really have
been a Communist agent at the same
time? If so, for how long? What
about security? How did he get away
with it in 1951, when the C.I.A. and
the F.B.I. as well as his own service
were hot on his trail? Finally, what
inspired a cultivated member of the
British upper classes to do this bru-
tally disruptive thing? It all made
James Bond look like a milksop and
his exploits like small beer.
As with all of us, Kim's parents
and upbringing provide some clues.
His father, St. John Philby, a scholar
of a top British school, Westminster,
and of Cambridge University, as Kim
was also, began life as a conventional
member of the Indian Civil Service.
Kim was born in India in 1912. But
St. Johri became decidedly eccentric
as time went on. When I first met
him in Cairo in 1946 he had become
the personal adviser of King Ibn Saud
and a Moslem. He had been briefly
interned in Britain during the war on
grounds of doubtful loyalty, and lived
by preference in Saudi Arabia. His
normal-looking English wife told me
that she was quite happy to put on
the veil and live in the harem. I
heard old St. John tell his son that
he must always carry through to the
bitter end whatever he thought right.
Kim has certainly done that, and sur-
passed his father in outrageousness
into the bargain.
I WAS at Cambridge in the early
thirties with Philby, Maclean and
Burgess-what a mob!-though I met
them only when I was a diplomat in
later years and then only casually.
Looking back, I can see, with an
effort, how the atmosphere at the
university could lead to pro-Commu-
nism among some intellectuals. Brit-
ish society then was stuffy and con-
servative. The ruling Tory party was
both pompous and ineffectual; the
Labor party just plain ineffectual.
Hitler had appeared and no one was
doing anything about him. War was
on the way and only the Communists
seemed really interested in averting
it. Consequently, a good few intel-
lectuals turned to the extreme left,
without, of course, troubling to see
how far real conditions in the Soviet
Union justified their idealistic hopes.
Few turned toward the United States
because, again out of ignorance, they
tended to consider it remote from
European affairs, brash and over-rich.
Most of these men, having "gone
Communist" in greater or lesser
degree, had the good sense to turn
away again, but not Philby. He be-
came not merely a Communist but
a carefully controlled Communist in-
telligence agent in 1933, while still
at Cambridge. Thus, from the age of
21, his life was wholly dedicated to
two things: passing on to his Moscow
masters as much valuable information
as possible about Britain and the
United States, and deceiving his
friends and colleagues in doing so.
It is difficult to say which gave him
more pleasure.
In other words, for 30 long years,
Philby lived a lie every moment of
(Continued on Page 136)
DONALD MACLEAN-He, Burgess and
Philby were all together at Cambridge
in the early thirties before going to work
for Moscow-in the British Government.
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 Approved For Release 2006/01/30 : CIA-RDP70B00338R000300220062-3
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 Approved For Release 20x6/01/30 : CIA-RDP70B00338R000300220062-3
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(From Page 37)
the day and night. He mar-
ried four wives; he produced
five children; he had plenty of
mistresses; he drank like a
fish. He was handsome, soci-
ally easy. The only outward
sign of strain was a stam-
mer, which varied in intensity
and which some girls found
attractive. In all this career
of duplicity, he slipped only
three times, and in different
ways he got away with it each
time.
PILBY'S first assignment
after Cambridge was, typical-
ly, to appear to be a pro-Nazi.
He went into journalism and,
like many British enthusiasts,
rushed off to cover the Civil
War in Spain, but with a dif-
ference from most of his
friends-for he went to the
Franco side for The London
Times and earned a Fascist
decoration for his devotion to
duty. This was no mean be-
ginning for a young double
agent.
Like Maclean and Burgess,
Philby found no difficulty in
avoiding the call-up. A lot
could be done through influ-
ential friends in those days.
He had a spell with the British
Expeditionary Force in France
as The Times war correspond-
ent, and returned to Britain in
1940 with the remnants of
that force. Now the big stuff
really began.
The Soviet Secret Service
already had their agent in the
British Diplomatic Service in
the shape of Maclean. He was
coming along well. Burgess
was buzzing about around the
edges of the B.B.C. (where
he was able to influence the
content of a series of news
commentaries) and the F.O.
(Foreign Office). What better
than to plant their ablest man
of all, Philby, at the very cen-
ter-in the British Secret In-
telligence Service itself.
That service had existed for
some time, but in a highly
amateurish way. Its heads
were by tradition retired mem-
bers of the fighting forces, of
less than the highest caliber.
(This tradition has, thank God,
been discontinued over the
last 10 years.) Its members
were recruited in the "old boy
net." The head of the service
at the time was a retired ma-
jor general who was a mem-
ber of White's, one of the most
Old-World clubs in London's
Old-World St. James's. He and
one or two other close cronies
would discuss possible re-
cruits over the claret, port and
cigars. They all agreed that,
provided a man came from a
good family, school and uni-
versity like themselves, he was
to be trusted. Not so the lesser
breeds. And you couldn't be
quite sure of the clever ones.
Consequently, not all the re-
cruits in those days were as
bright as they might have
been. Philby was of the right
social background, presenta-
ble, highly intelligent but not
a long-haired chap. He liked
his drink and knew how to
hold it. He admitted to the
youthful follies of having been
both a Nazi and a Communist
sympathizer. Of course, he
said, those days were over. So
the youthful excesses were
laughed off and it was reck-
oned to his credit that he had
come clean about them. Secu-
rity was considered a bit of a
bind anyway while there were
urgent clandestine matters to
be done. Kim was welcomed
with open arms.
HE flourished. As soon as
the Soviet Union became our
ally in June, 1941, matters
were even easier for him than
before. He took a hand in
organizing the Special Oper-
ations Executive (S.O.E.)
branch of the S.I.S., a lot of
swashbuckling amateurs who
went around blowing things
up and helping to organize re-
sistance movements in Europe.
He collaborated in setting up
the American Office of Stra-
tegic Services under the well-
named Gen. "Wild Bill" Dono-
van. This developed after the
war into the mighty Central
Intelligence Agency. Thus he
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 BU N DY-"Let no reader mistake
Professor Galbraith's proposal for any-
thing but a proposal for withdrawal."
public statement of Prime Minister
Lee Kuan Yew of Singapore (who is
said to admire Professor Galbraith in
the economic sphere) that the out-
come in Vietnam is the key to the
future of South and Southeast Asia.
Let Professor Galbraith go to the
area and see for himself. Since he so
obviously does not wish to hear this
view, South and Southeast Asians
would pull no punches with him. It
can hardly be supposed that they did
so with Drew Middleton of The Times
last June, in view of The Times' well-
known skepticism on our policy. And
Middleton concludes: "Despite some
misgivings, non-Communist leaders
from Tokyo to Teheran largely sup-
port United States policy in South
and Southeast Asia."
But at all costs, let no reader mis-
take Professor Galbraith's proposal
for anything but a thinly disguised
proposal for withdrawal, and consider
it accordingly. The question for any
serious American is whether such
withdrawal would be consistent not
only with the right of the present 17
million people in South Vietnam to
find their own political structure
without external interference, but
with the preservation of free, inde-
pendent and emphatically nationalist
countries in Southeast Asia and be-
yond. There are wider stakes, too, in
our policy, but from the Asian stand-
point alone I would venture that Pro-
fessorGalbraith's proposal would find
few adherents. Nor does it seem to
me to fit our own national interest
in a stable and progressive Asia for
the future. ^
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 was in on the ground floor of
not only the British but also
the American espionage organ-
ization.
When the United States
came into the war, all was
apparently sweetness and light
between the Western and East-
ern Allies in the anti-Hitler
coalition. But it did not take
the Soviet Government long
to judge, correctly, that its
most dangerous enemies in the
long run would be its Allies
of the moment, the Americans.
Philby had a particular dislike
of American power and mate-
rial success, and he was de-
lighted to be told by Moscow
to step up his spying on them.
Then, by a combination of
luck inside the S.I.S. and judg-
ment by Philby, the perfect
opportunity for his double
game was afforded him. The
British on their side realized
that they were in for a long
tussle with the Soviet Gov-
ernment. In 1944 they set up
a powerful counterespionage
section to keep a sharp eve on
their Communist Allies. You
can guess who was appointed
head of it.
t
PHILBY now had it really
made. As head of this depart-
ment it was his duty to see
all the vital intelligence he
could, whether from British,
American or other sources.
Any interceptions of Soviet in-
telligence were his business
too, and he was responsible
for countering all clandestine
operations or subversion at-
tempts by the Communists.
Since he was, unknown to his
British employers and Amer-
ican friends, involved in some
of these in his dual role, the
central power for evil which
he wielded was enormous.
Added to this, he of course
knew the organization of both
the British and American
secret services in detail and
could betray it to the Russians
as it developed from day to
Approv
day. It all sounds almost too
bad to be true. It was -
almost.
Philby's first slip occurred
in August, 1945, over what is
known as the Volkov case. A
Russian using that name got
in touch with the British Em-
bassy in Turkey and offered
to defect. He undertook to
bring with him a lot of invalu-
able information on the or-
ganization of the Soviet Secret
Services and in particular on
its agents in British Govern-
mental departments. The case
was referred to Philby as head
of the counterespionage de-
partment, and he was warned
of a time limit which the Rus-
sian had set. Clearly Volkov
was a threat to him and his
network. He therefore took
action, at a leisurely pace,
behind the scenes. By the
time he arrived in Turkey,
Volkov was no longer, to use
a polite word, available. In
fact, he had been removed
feet first in a Soviet military
aircraft. It struck a colleague
of Philby's at the time that
either he had been highly in-
competent, which was not his
habit, or that he had been up
to a double game.
But his colleague assumed
that M15, the Security Service,
which corresponds roughly to
the F.B.I., would be onto that
point. They were, but not
with much force. No conclu-
sive evidence came to light.
Philby got the benefit of the
doubt.
The C.I.A. was set up in
1947, and Philby along with
his British colleagues were re-
garded as elder brothers who
had helped to advise on its
organization. But before go-
ing to Washington to com-
pound his treacheries, Philby
went in 1946 to be near the
land of his masters. He took
over the highly important
Istanbul station, from where
it was his duty to operate not
only into the Soviet Union but
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into the Communist Balkans.
He operated there all right,
but not quite in the way his
head office in London in-
tended. All this time his col-
league Maclean was spying
away most effectively on the
United States atomic secrets
fron' his post in the British
Embassy in Washington.
By October, 1949, Philby,
though still only 37, was ready
for the top job in the field-
by both Western and Commu-
nist estimation-the Washing-
ton station. Here he was in
the most intimate daily con-
tact with the C.I.A. and the
F.B.I. The Volkov case was
forgotten. He was regarded
by the Americans as just about
the ablest British operator,
and relations between the
clandestine organizations were
perhaps closer than they had
ever been.
EVEN the abject failure of
a joint C.I.A.-S.I.S. operation
in Albania did not shake his
position. In the spring of
1950, after what was consid-
ered due preparation, we in-
filtrated well-armed bands into
Albania which, according to
our intelligence, was about
ready to throw off the Soviet
yoke. Success there might
have had far-reaching conse-
quences in stimulating unrest
throughout Eastern Europe.
But there was no question of
success. It was a fiasco. The
infiltrators were methodically
met and slaughtered. About
50 per cent of the force of
300 struggled back into Greece.
The C.I.A. man who organized
the operation with Philby has
no doubt now that treachery
was at work, and that the
treachery was Philby's. But
once again it could not be
pinned on him.
Philby's next slip-up fin-
ished his great days as a
double agent in the West. He
was, in a sense, forced into it
by his traitor colleagues Mac-
lean and Burgess. Burgess
was a grubby homosexual
who, amazingly, was ap-
pointed to a good post in the
British Embassy in Washing-
ton when Philby was there.
He soon drew unfavorable
attention to himself by his
stupid behavior. Philby re-
mained friendly with him, in
spite of this and of the fact
that he was not even an effi-
cient Communist spy. He was
soon sent back to London by
the Embassy.
Maclean was another kettle
of fish. He had procured in-
valuable atomic information
for his Moscow masters, but
he cracked under the strain of
his double life. In Cairo and
later in London his days and
nights were a whirl of drunk-
enness, , violence, homosexual-
ity, and so on. MI5 began to
keep an eye on him though,
astonishingly, he had been
given an important post in
the F.O.
The time came, in May,
1951, when these two realized
that Britain was no longer a
healthy place for them. They
were tipped off by the "third
man" and left at a moment's
notice for the Soviet Union.
That third man was Philby
Or was he?
The C.I.A. and F.B.I. had
no doubts about it. MI5 was
practically certain. But his
own service, MI6, reacted dif-
ferently. Dammit, the feller's
a gentleman, one of us, was
the attitude (it overlooked the
fact that Maclean and Burgess
came into the same category).
Then there was no love lost
between 5 and 6, rather as is
the case sometimes between
the C.I.A. and the F.B.I. More,
there was strong anti-Amer-
ican feeling in M16, based
mainly on envy of the tre-
mendously increasing power
of the C.I.A. Some M16 met.
pointed out irrelevantly that
the United States was not
blameless in the matter of
spawning traitors. Finally,
Philhy's defenders asserted
that he was a victim of Mc-
Carthyism.
Philby was recalled from
Washington and interrogated
by his service and M15. His
tactics were to sit tight and
keep mum. A friend of mine
who knew him well said that
he almost drove his interro-
gators up the wall by his ob-
stinate silence. This same
friend, who kept in touch with
him right up to his defection,
said that until Philby's own
confession at the end of 1962
he could not believe what
proved to be the truth. He
commented that, while he
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Is it possible that Philby is
now a triple agent?
liked Philby and admired his
professional skill, he was never
sure what made him tick. My
friend was not alone in this.
From my few meetings with
him in the Middle East in the
forties and fifties I remember
an apparently normal member
of the British upper class-
amusing, intelligent, good-
looking. He always drank
more than he should; so did
a good many other people in
diplomatic circles. I never
found his stammer obtrusive.
Perhaps he was in a relaxed
mood on these particular occa-
sions. Like many others who
knew him far better than I
did, I noticed absolutely noth-
ing suspicious about him.
? HILBY had to be removed
from the S.I.S., but no more
stringent measures were taken
against him, because the case
was "not proved." This point
was made in statements in the
House of Commons. I was
able to see for myself that,
happily, close collaboration in
the intelligence sphere be-
tween Americans and the Brit-
ish was resumed.
In the twilight years that
followed 1951, Philby lived,
poorly, on odd bits of journal-
ism or anything else that came
his way. Most of his British
friends remained faithful to
him and helped him as and
when they could. He con-
tinued to drink and wench as
much as he could afford to.
The charm remained. M15
watched him, and he watched
them watching him. Clearly
his Moscow masters were in
touch with him and instructed
him to play it quietly. He has
since said that, chafing at the
inaction after the days of
splendor, he longed to finish
it and go to Moscow. But his
orders were to stay.
In 1955 he got another lucky
break. These happened so
often in his life that we may
well suppose there was some
Communist-inspired manipula-
tion behind the scenes. A
Labor M.P., Marcus Lipton,
stated in the House of Com-
mons that he had firm evi-
dence that Philby had indeed
been the "third man" and he
asked then Foreign Secretary
Harold Macmillan: What about
it? Macmillan, after consult-
ing his F.O. and S.I.S. advisers,
replied that it was nonsense.
Lipton claimed that he had
his information from "a secu-
rity source," which suggests
MI5. The question here would
seem to be: Who was fooling
whom?
The F.O. evidently thought
that the poor fellow had been
hardly done by. So they now
gave him semiofficial backing
in getting the Middle East
correspondent's job on The
Observer and The Economist.
Centered in Beirut, he could
travel widely and make useful,
to him, Communist contacts
all over that part of the world.
Shortly after this, Sir Dick
White became head of S.I.S.
As head of M15 he had had
grave suspicions of Philby's
loyalty. He decided to make
the most of a bad job and
gave him some small assign-
ments in the hope that he
would betray himself through
his conduct of these oper-
ations. I became Foreign
Office adviser to White later
in 1956. I can, confirm that
Philby never tripped up.
In his spare time he seduced
and married the American
wife of an American journal-
ist who was a close friend.
His father, St. John, robust as
ever in his 70's, visited Beirut
and father and son had some
lively parties together. How-
ever, the nightclubs finally
proved too much for the old
chap, and he died, uttering the
memorable words: "I'm bored."
His son was shattered by his
death.
YET another traitor enters
the Philby story at this point.
George Blake, who had doubt-
less been under Philby's con-
trol in the good old days when
he was riding high, had done
his diabolical work as S.I.S.
man and double agent in
Berlin from 1954 till 1959, and
he felt he deserved a rest. So
did his grateful but unwitting
head office in London and
they sent him to M.E.C.A.S.
(the Middle East Center for
Arab Studies) just outside
Beirut. Naturally, his equally
grateful but by no means un-
witting other head office, in
Moscow, had no objection at
all to his getting together with
his fellow traitor once more.
It was not for long. That
same year, a contact of Blake's
came clean to our side and
incriminated him. He was
brought to London, where he
confessed his guilt. He was
sent to prison for 42 years, a
record sentence.
Inside prison, he was treated
very well, and further interro-
gated in a gentlemanly way.
At last-it was by now 1962
-he slipped up and revealed
a piece of information (con-
cerning one of the complex
operations in which they were
both involved) that pointed
indubitably at the truth about
Philby.
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was sent to Beirut in Decem-
ber, 1962, to have it out. Now
Philby saw the game was up;
perhaps even he felt he had
played it long enough. Be-
sides, he was sure he could
go where he most wanted to
be.
Philby confessed to his still
incredulous friend. Among
a long list of treacherous acts
he confessed to being the
"third man" in 1951. Allen'
Dulles had no doubt of this
when he wrote about the mat-
ter in 1963. And this is gen-
erally accepted. If a lurking
doubt still remains it is be-
cause Philby's whole life was
devoted to deception and parts
of his confession could well
have been bogus too. He
might have been protecting
the real "third man" so that
he could continue his activ-
ities among us.
HAD I been in his interro-
gator's place I would have felt
strongly inclined to slip Philby
a Mickey Finn and whip him
off to London. But the letter
of the law was strictly ob-
served. Philby was still inno-
cent until proved guilty by
due judicial process. And it
was thought that the Lebanese
authorities might have re-
sented firm action of this kind
-which I very much doubt.
It would, of course, have been
useless for his newspapers to
summon him, back; he would
not have obeyed.
And so. taking his time to
the last, and deceiving his new
wife just as he had deceived
the rest of then, Philby made
his arrangements to depart. A
few weeks later. in January,
1963, he did so, by night on a
Soviet ship.
His son John Philby visited
him in Moscow last September.
He reported that Kim was
looking younger and more re-
laxed. His stammer has gone.
True to form, he has removed
Maclean's American wife, Me-
linda, from him, without both-
ering to inform his legal wife,
Eleanor. This spy has come in
from the cold. Or, in Kim's
own words, "I have come
home."
He has been joined by his
colleague in treachery, George
Blake, who was easily re-
moved from his London prison
by his Communist friends.
Kim holds an important posi-
tion in the K.G.B., the Soviet
Security and Intelligence De-
partment. Between them, they
should have many more years
of activity in the cause to
which they have devoted their
lives.
One theory is that Philby is
now a treble agent, busily
penetrating the K.G.B. in the
Western cause. It is true that
with Philby almost anything is
possible. But this, I fear, is
wishful thinking. Had it ever
been a remote possibility, it
would by now have been
blown to pieces as a result of
speculation about it in the
West. I believe what Kim
said straight to Eleanor when
she went to see him in Mos-
cow in October, 1963: That he
had dedicated himself wholly
to the Communist cause since
his student days and would
stick to it rather than to his
family. I believe the judgment
of a close friend of his who
told me Philby did it from
"idealism," however grotesque
that may seem.
There are all too many signs
of disagreement and disrup-
tion in the non-Communist
world today. Men like Philby
and their agents everywhere
will be quick to recognize any
weakness - human, political,
economic - and to exploit it
to the full.
The supply of traitors un-
happily always seems ample
to meet the demand. Since
the very future of humanity is
involved, it is up to us all to
ponder the lessons of the
macabre Philby story. ^
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