POSTING OF U.S. INTELLIGENCE SHIP OFF KOREA BELIEVED UNDER STUDY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP71B00364R000300130002-9
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 72
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 20, 2000
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: April 24, 1969
• Content Type: NSPR

PAGE
__
DATE 474' It CO
NEw o n e tge~~ hP0364R000300130002-9
i UT
P sting
011 orea ffe eyed Under Study
Some Pentagon Officials Are Reported
to Feel Task Force Could Protect
a Mission Like the Pueblo's
By WILLIAM BEECHER
Special to The New York Times yL- Ne,v
V* INGTON, April 23-
e Nixon Administration is
re nrt d to be studying the
plane.
They believe, further, that
the Russians have warned that
the Russians have warned
they would not suppo
Korea with either war supplies
or forces should a future atta
lead to hostilities with the
United States.
Asst mty of sending an with
tr nlintelligence ship,
air aftd sea escort, to patrol
its international waters off
blortlxorea.
. x,Y? :,;c+ration sources say
that while no aectnu=1 11a~ ~~
;ode, some officials, particu-
tart m' ,,
-ft *ith a fleet of washin the Sea of Japan to protect reconnaissance flights,
it rrll t also be a good time
to re- ablish American intel-
t off North Korea.
h
s
en sip
has been no such
iv?Fltt I'-' yam Vv Pueblo. Thel
ence ship the Banner,
ebol,s sister ship,
is in port in Yokosuka, Japan,
within easy steaming distance
0# North Korea.
dose to 40 Vessels
Chinese Aid Possible
But the same analysts won- .
der whether North Korea may
brush $side such warnings,
feeling that if war actually
breals out, the Soviet Union
will have to give support to the
North Koreans or, face the
prospect of such support com-
ing from Communist China,
bringing with it greater Chi-
nese influence.
f
"They see how that kind o
competition has resulted in
substantial aid from both cou
tries to North Vietnam," one
official pointed out. refused
Pentagon spokesmen
to say whether reconnaissance
f flights international
North Korean shore
have been resumed. They con-
tinued to say only that "the
President's orders are being
carried out." Japanese rep orts
yesterday said that in E
reconnaissance plane had taken
0 1Ifacials said that Task Force
,71 , originally announced as
,co prising 23 warships, actu-
&lly numbers close to 40 ves-
"`h e include 3 attack
s
se S. e
1t
aircraft carriers, one anti-sub-
aircraft
mattne carrier, 3 cruisers 22
destroyers, at least 5 subma-
rs, and 4 to 6 oilers, ammu-
1/03/02: CIA-RDP71 B0036
000300130002-9
 H3086 Approved For. Re 4Mk2R 364R000300lA60(2,9l969
on violence. Or perhaps they may want to
commen further on closing down the
rest of the Job Corp?.
/U A-
UNNECESSARY MISSIONS FROM
UNNEEDED BASES
(Mr. PODELL asked and was given
permission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD.)
Mr. PODELL. Mr. Speaker, since the
cold war became the unending interna-
tional faceoff we know it as, America has
extended her military presence over the
face of our globe. Our flag flies today at
military outposts with outlandish names
in far-off places. Because of such major
commitments and presence, we have be-
come involved in regional nationalisms,
local conflicts and civil wars. The very
presence of American forces has made,
them targets for the trigger-happy and
scapegoats for the unscrupulous. Fur.
ther, our military activities have brought
us into brushes with potential conflicts
with which we have no real concern.
America cannot be the policeman of the
world, just as she cannot be the financier
and conscience of mankind.
Why must we maintain innumerable
expensive bases in so many places? How
is it necessary for American planes to
fly reconnaissance missions that can bet-
ter be performed by satellites? Was it
absolutely essential for the EC121 to be
flying its mission? Could not a satellite
have performed it equally as well?. Or an
SR-71? When we are informed that such
spy-in-the-sky satellites can make out
individual telephone lines and listen in
on telephone conversations, we cannot
help but wonder.
Because we are so exposed through
omnipresent military facilities, we be-
come automatic targets. Provocative
missions of a spying nature leave brave
men unnecessarily exposed. Further, we
can see that a "pirate state" such as
North Korea recklessly wishes to involve
great powers in major conflict. Why
give them further opportunity? Are they
not adequately quarantined by geo-
graphy already?
Our very power and presence limits
our options. Can one kill a flea in a rug
with a sledgehammer? the flea is free to
bite and strike again and again.
Technology has allowed us to see what.
we wish without close physical proximity,
lessening risk of confrontation through
incident. It also gives us power to
strike if necessary without innumerable
forward bases. Why not take advantage
of what science makes available to us?
The United States possesses too many
foreign military installations which
serve no real purpose except to drain
funds overseas. Curtailing their opera-
tions poses minimal harm or risk to our
total intelligence gathering network.
By phasing many of them out, we
would withdraw our presence from
many areas where it only serves to in-
flame local feelings and provides con-
venient targets for those with more sel-
fish goals.
Often we maintain such installations
to please a local satrap or provide signifi-
cant income to national leaders who
would not recognize democracy if they
bumped into it in their bedrooms.
A major review is now under way by
the administration of our total inter-
national commitment and bases. It is to
be fervently hoped that the American
flag will be phased out of such areas,
without, of course, harming basic de-
fense postures.
Finally, it is my sincere hope that in-
telligence gathering will rely upon satel-
lites and other means that will in large
part obviate further need for missions
of the kind that brought such grief to
the U.S.S. Pueblo and EC121.
HOSPITAL EMERGENCY ASSIST-
ANCE ACT OF 1969
(Mr. PODELL asked and was given
permission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
Mr. PODELL. Mr. Speaker, as part of
the domestic crisis facing the entire Na-
tion, which so many choose to ignore,
hospitals of our country are facing a
crisis that starts with overcrowded fa-
cilities and ends with inadequate services.
Many public and nonprofit private hos-
pitals cannot meet present urgent health
service needs of communities they are
supposed to be serving. Recent situations
which have cropped up all over the coun-
try, including my own home city of New
York, are classic illustrations of our
problem.
These hospitals are presently unable to
participate in any form of comprehensive
health services program or plan to meet
future needs due to a critical lack of ade-
quate facilities and services. As of right
now, there does not exist an adequate
source of public or private financing with
which to provide direct emergency as-
sistance needed to meet this critical con-
dition. End result: A catastrophic threat
to physical health and safety of all com-
munities involved.
Extent of the dilemma confronting us
is amply illustrated by some simple
figures. In 1968, our general hospitals re-
quired construction of 85,007 new beds
and modernization of 240,624 other beds.
Therefore, I am today introducing the
Hospital Emergency Act of 1969, aimed
at establishing an emergency program of
direct Federal assistance in form of di-
rect grants to hospitals in critical need
of new facilities, in order to meet increas-
ing demands for service. The bill amends
section 314 of the Public Health Services
Act by including a new section providing
emergency grants to hospitals.
Grants, to be made by the Secretary
of Health, Education, and Welfare, could
be up to 662/3 percent of cost of any proj-
ect providing necessary facilities and
services. For the purpose of these loans,
$100 million would be authorized for ap-
propriation for this program for the fis-
cal year ending on June 30, 1970. No sin-
gle grant could exceed 71/2 percent of this
full amount.
Public and nonprofit private hospitals
must qualify as critical hospitals to be
eligible for these grants. The following
criteria must be met: First, heavy over-
crowding to render the hospital ineffec-
tive for community service; second, full
use being made currently of existing fa-
cilities; third, needed assistance unavail-
able elsewhere; and fourth, failure to
provide needed facilities constitutes a
threat to the health, welfare, and safety
of the community.
For hospitals unable to secure the
other 331/3 percent of the money, there
is provision made for them to apply to
HEW for a loan of up to 90 percent of
remaining costs at 21/2 percent interest
annually. For the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1970, $45 million is authorized
for appropriation for such loans.
Mr. Speaker, in this era, thousands
of Americans die or are permanently
harmed because of the shameful state
of our hospital facilities. Agony as they
wait is the daily lot of too many others.
Uncounted patients are relegated for ex-
tensive periods to hospitals terribly out
of date. It is 'a further sad commentary
on this country and the way we are ar-
ranging our priorities that several other
nations are far ahead of us in -the hos-
pital field.
Passage of this measure would make
emergency assistance available to hos-
pitals desperately in need of such aid to
modernize their plants, extend their
services, reduce waiting lines which are
scandalous and ease the burden of pain
for so many.
Our choices and preferences are clear.
As we act on them, so shall we be judged.
FIGHT AGAINST INFLATION
(Mr. GERALD R. FORD asked and
was given permission to extend his re-
marks at this point in the RECORD and to
include extraneous matter.)
Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker,
on April 21 the President of the United
States sent the Congress a message urg-
ing repeal of the 7-percent investment
tax credit effective as of that date.
On that same day I endorsed President
Nixon's call for repeal of the investment
tax credit for several reasons but pri-
marily because I believe such action is
necessary to curb inflation and thus
shield the American people from the re-
peated blows of price escalation.
Yesterday I was shocked to learn that
the cost of living had jumped eight-
tenths of 1 percent during March, a
rate of price rise which runs to nearly 10
percent on an annual basis.
Mr. Speaker, as the proverb in the
greatest book ever written so wisely
warned: "As ye sow, so shall ye reap."
We are today continuing to suffer from
the inflationary policies of the past 3
years and the failure of the Johnson ad-
ministration to take timely action
against inflationary pressures that sur-
faced as early as late 1965. Now the bat-
tle against' inflation is infinitely more
difficult to win.
Mr. Speaker, the sharp cost-of-living
jump in March strengthens my earlier
judgment that the Congress should re-
spond as quickly as possible to President
Nixon's call for repeal of the investment
tax credit.
Although it is possible to read too much
into 1 month's cost-of-living index fig-
ures, the warning signal in the March
data is unmistakable.
To me it says that the fiscal and
monetary measures already taken by the
administration and by the Federal Re-
serve Board to slow down the economy
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 4pill 4ppy9lypd For Releq?q~MA iCR RP71 PJ 4R000300130002-9 H 3085
Under the President's mangled pro-
For a start, Mr. Nixon's revised sums. With the course of world events
gram, equipment and instructional ma- budget has not cut enough military accelerating constantly, we must estab-
terials for schools, public and academic money. In light of major demands for lish national checkpoints somewhere,
libraries would be reduced or terminated budget cuts and negative decrees slash- and there are constitutional guarantees
altogether. ing away at essential domestic programs, allowing us to do so here.
`i?'hi
i
i
i
s
s a d
ff
cult-to-understand ac- a time has arrived for the same type of
tion by the administration. In recent action in regard to military spending. For
y@
oars, our Nation's libraries, especially every civilian dollar cut, there should
our own Brooklyn Public Library, have be a military dollar removed from the
labored diligently to become more reie- budget-a ratio prevailing in budget cuts
vaunt to those who are culturally deprived. of the past. Already we can see non-Viet-
T eir new programs have brought the nam military spending mounting at an
library into places where its resources alarming rate, menacing hopes for re-
and dedicated personnel can strike ig- ductions once our Vietnam commitment
ngrance at-its roots. All the more reason is ended.
why our libraries should be given more This only serves to point up the press-
rather than less funds. ing need for more intensive, searching
Recent programs have delivered library debate into our military budget and mili-
services to the urban poor, racial nil- tary policy by the Congress. It is our
nclrities, migrant workers and other dis- duty to do so. Our military is doing its
advantaged groups. I have seen person- job, while Congress abrogates its respon-
ally how innovations by our own Brook- sibilities,,Some view probes of military
ly a Public Library have opened up an reque and polices as actions which
entire new world to many of the. de- are s than patriotic. I consider such
prlved. pro es as the very essence of enlight-
The President proposes to eliminate e d fulfillment of constitutional respon-
the entire $200 million original author- s' ility.
ization for library materials under the Congress and the Bureau of the
Elementary and Secondary Education /Budget have consistently examined do-
Act; to cut funding for the Library Serv- imestic programs as if they were plots to
ices and Construction Act from $166 ml- steal the Constitution and destroy the
lin to $23.2 million; and to pare funds Revised Statutes. It is time we exercised
for library-training, research and serv- p such healthy skepticism toward military
ices under the Higher Education Act budgets.
from $114 million to $23 million. In such a climate of scrutiny, the pub-
To the ruination of Job Corps and cut- lie would better know that such vast sums
t' g of water pollution programs we now 'are going for and why. Popular ignorance
can add this feather to the administra- kind fear would be considerably lessened.
tion's cap. Defense spendin; rages un- oday we see an all too familiar sight of
checked. Only the poor, our environment en in high places capitalizing upon lack
and precious things like our libraries are o itary knowledge by citizens to drive
suffering. th in apprehension toward acceding to
Mr. Speaker, the public library helped err eous policy decisions through adroit
lift millions of immigrants out of sleuns use f demagogic catchwords. Because
of an earlier America. My own forbears man ple have not been informed of
had cause to bless its facilities more than the tr situation in regard to military
one. Dedicated people of the library needs, are in danger of approving pro-
profession have updated their institu- grams ch are wasteful and prohibi-
tion, keeping it relevant to a new genera- tively e nsive. An enlightened people
tioi of deprived Americans. Now it is and a qu tioning Congress make for
to be hamstrung by an acMministration meaningful ecisions.
which preaches catchwords of morality For insta e, what debate was there
and uplift while It snatches away tools in Congress o er spending $6 billion an-
with which people can help themselves. nually on forces ready to fight China?
We worship weapons and Ignore books. Why are 15 cailirier task forces necessary
There is something very wrong in a iso when the Soviet'Union possesses one heli-
ciety which demands more missiles der d copter carrier? Why are we continuing
starves libraries, which fights warsa in to build F-111s?Whey are we continuing
Vietnam and ignores learning, which to spend funds o the main battle tank?
sneaks of crushing crime while insuriirig When will Lockheed deliver the C5A,
that it will grow by crippling one of the and how much xirore will it cost? It is
major weapons inour fight against roots imperative that !we ask more pointed
of those immediate causes of crime end questions in the? immediate future in
urban unrest. Another new direction; regard to all majcPr military expenditures.
away from enlightenment. and forward Itys the duty of House, which is the
to the rear in the name of ignorance. originator of su legislation, to exercise
How tragic. its constitution ly-assigned perogatives.
MILITARY EXPENDITURES MUST 113E
QUESTIONED AND SCRUTINIZ
BY CONGRESS
(Mr. PODELL asked and was given
pe mission to extend his remarks at
poiint in the RECORD.)
Expenditure VT massive sums of money
on military prgjects is out of hand com-
pletely. Wew have information that
the Pentagon s movi ng toward construc-
tion of the SA, which Is a new manned
bomber. It is!expecteI to cost between $12
proposed ABM and IiIIRV programs, and Mr. Speaker, it is highly indicative to
solvency is adjourned permanently. me that a few children who live in these
For these reasons alone, Congress slums have of late taken to throwing
must intently examine such massive fund rocks at the Metroliner. I wonder why.
requests. Already proposed programs I commend this trip through the cor-
stretch on into the future indefinitely, ridor of shame to my colleagues. Perhaps
requiring expenditure of staggering then they may have some new opinions
Mr. PODELL. Mr. Speaker, time has
come for major reconsideration of the
amount of defense spending as well, as
more significant scrutiny of defense r-,-
quests submitted to and approved by
Co?gigress.
CORRIDOR OF SHAME
(Mr. PODELL asked and was given
permission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD.)
Mr. PODELL. Mr. Speaker, the Metro-
liner is a wondrous innovation with
Lich~l:-amuch taken. It holds one of
the answers to transportation problems
now choking our cities. Yet I wonder
how many here have taken that trip and
looked out at its route-our corridor of
shame.
Such a trip takes one from Washing-
ton to Baltimore, to Wilmington and
Philadelphia, through New Brunswick
and Newark. By observing where the
train passes we can see where America
hides her disagrace. On both sides of the
tracks in every one of these communi-
ties we pass through block after block
of rotten, dilapidated old buildings,
crammed to the rafters with people of
the slums. Their washing hangs in piti-
ful tatters from back porches of many
of these buildings.
Playgrounds are few. Abandoned
warehouses are many. Glass has long
since disappeared from their windows.
Filth of all types lies in clusters in muddy
puddles and in building cornersall along
the tracks. Grime covers everything, in-
cluding houses along the rigth-of-way,
people in them and the lives they try to
lead.
Filth pours into the air from dozens
of factories along the route, as they
blithely pollute air we breathe and peo-
ple who must live in their shadows.
No more depressing landscape can be
imagined than that presented by this
trip. When one travels on a slower train it
is even more wrenching, for then one can
take a close look at.the warts on Ameri-
ca's face in the corridor of shame. If ever
our national urban problems were pre-
sented in microcosm, it is here. Look at
it. Feel it. Breathe it. Smell it. Know it.
I commend this trip from Washington
to New York on the Penn Central. May I
say that my remarks are not aimed at
the railroad. These problems are national
difficulties, reflected in the right of way of
a railroad.
I remember a wonderful, most touch-
ing poster used by that great labor union,
the International Ladies Garment Work-
ers. It showed a little girl working in a
textile mill, gazing out a window. That
caption read as follows:
The golf links lies so. near the mill, that
nearly every day
The laboring children can look out and see
the men at play.
Verse used is by Sarah N. Cleghorn,
who died in 1959. We could use another
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 -Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
S 4084 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE April 25, 1969
breeze. The three veterinary personnel then
proceeded towards the beach and in about
100 yards came upon large groups of elephant
seals (Mirounga sp.) in, groups of 25 to 150
each. We then proceeded in among the ani-
mals ~o observe them for signs of oil pollu-
tion and/or indication of illness or signs of
stress. While many of these elephant seals
made slow continuous movements of flipping
sand up over their bodies as they lay quietly
In the sand, many lay quite motionless as
in a deep sleep. In order to determine their
alertness and general state of well-being,
many were gently prodded by foot to evalu-
ate their response to this stimulus. The
typical response would be the reluctant
opening of the eyes and turning back in a
threatening, open mouth motion, but with
little indication of desiring active aggression.
When prodding was pursued to further eval-
uate their ability to respond, the animals
would make further aggressive gestures or
would move away in an up and down un-
dulating movement across the sand. In an
attempt to obtain further clinical evidence
of the general condition of these animals,
approximately ten were tested for body
temperature, rectally, with an electric ther-
mometer. The individuals selected for this
testing either appeared in a very deep sleep
(6), ill (1) or had evidence of oil pollution
on their bodies (3). Only the one male (ap-
prox. 300 lbs.) that clinically appeared sick
and lethargic had a variation from the nor-
mal body temperature of 95 degrees, which
had a temperature of 100 degrees. This ani-
mal had many small bite wounds and an in-
jured cornea. He was treated with anti-
biotics by injection and the eye was treated
with an antibiotic eye ointment. The six
sleeping elephant seals gave very little re-
sistance to the temperature taking pro-
cedure, but were quite able to move out
when stimulated to do so.
Of the three tested that were polluted with
oil, one had approximately 65% of its body
covered with oil (only a light coat), none
had any variation from the normal body
temperature nor did any show any signs of
distress from what oil they had on them. In
the course of our approximate three hour
visit to the Island, most all of the oil-fouled
Northwest coast area was walked to note
any and all wildlife there.
Observations.-No sick or dying animals
were found except the one noted and treated
with bite wounds. Approximately 15 dead
elephant seals were found along the beach
area, none of which were fresh, Some evi-
dence of oil was seen on them, but this
number of dead does not seem above what
might be expected among such a popula-
tion. Only two dead California sea lions
(Zalophus sp.) were seen, but a very large
number (75-100) of aborted fetuses were
noted among the rocks and along the beach.
This would constitute an "abortion storm"
in any other species and would indicate the
need for some research into the problem.
Mr. Appling verified that such abortions had
been noted in prior years. A fetus was
brought back to Pleasant Hill for studies.
Most of the sea lions observed immediately
entered the water as they were approached,
would swim actively and showed no evidence
of any problem, though there was still a
sign of a light oil slick out off shore where
many sea lions were swimming. The beaches
and rocks that were observed in the affected
area showed only a thin coating of crude
oil and not the thick gooey coating as was
previously reported earlier in the same area.
A small number (4) of sea gulls were noted
with very light pollution. No dead birds
were observed.
Conclusion.-From the observations made,
there is no evidence that any of the wildlife
at San Miguel Island are showing harmful
effects from the crude oil at this time. How-
ever, one can only conjecture to what real
damage the crude oil has done in terms of
stress factors, total mortality and disruption
of the ecology of this pinniped habitat. Be-
cause of the Foundation's interest in con-
servation and wildlife, we greatly appreciated
this opportunity to make this first-hand ob-
servation of conditions there at San Miguel
Island and to treat the one individual that
needed some help. We would also be more
than happy to offer our services and medical
help in any future problem affecting the
health of wildlife.
INTELLIGENCE-GATHERING
PLANES
Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, I ask unan-
imous consent to have printed in the
RECORD columns written by Carl T.
Rowan and Max Lerner and published in
the Evening Star of April 23. Both arti-
cles deal with the recent incident involv-
ing the loss of an EC-121 intelligence-
gathering plane over the Sea of Japan.
With these writers, I applaud the
restraint shown by our President in
response to this provocation, agreeing
that such intelligence work must go on
because it provides necessary informa-
tion.
There being no objection, the articles
were ordered to be printed in the RECORD
as follows:
[From the Washington (D.C.) Evening Star,
Apr. 23, 1969]
SPY PLANES HARVEST CRUCIAL ENEMY DATA
(By Carl T. Rowan)
With about as much grace as possible.
President Nixon has swallowed his campaign
braggadocio about what he would do if "a
fourth-rate military power" like North Korea
confronted him with a Pueblo attack.
Nixon has made it clear that the shooting
down of an unarmed U.S. reconnaissance
plane was actually a more brazen affront
than was the seizure of the USS Pueblo. He
told a press conference Friday of two basic
differences in two incidents: 1. There were
doubts for some time as to whether the
Pueblo had entered North Korea's territorial
waters, but there was no doubt whatsoever
that the plane was always at least 40 miles
from North Korea. 2. The North Koreans had
warned previously about operations of the
Pueblo, but there had been nd warnings
about the flights although 190 of them had
occurred previously this year.
Why, then, did the President not order a
military reprisal for an attack that he char-
acterized as "unprovoked, deliberate, and
without warning"? Why did he gulf, down
the bold words he used in ridiculing Presi-
dent Johnson's "weak" response to the
Pueblo seizure, covering it only with the
lame hint that he might still respond
militarily?
The answer is simply that Nixon felt he
could not risk reopening the Korean war
when his top priority chore is to extricate
the United States from the Vietnam war. He
sensed that he would not have solid U.S.
backing for military retaliation, not only
because Americans don't want another war
in Asia, but also because millions of Ameri-
cans have misgivings about sending out "spy
ships" and "spy planes."
Since Francis Gary Powers' U2 plane was
shot down over Russia in 1960, millions of
Americans have harbored notions that these
missions are merely dangerous cloak-and-
dagger activities by fools and warmongers.
Nixon listed "protection of 56,000 American
boys in Korea" as his reason for ordering sur-
veilance flights resumed around North Korea.
It is too bad he or someone does not tell the
American people more of the whole truth
about why such "spy flights" are necessary.
The public has never been told the true
significance of the U2 flights in that extraor-
dinary venture that was code-named Project
Chalice.
Some Americans still ask why the Eisen-
hower administration "blundered" by au-
thorizing the Ill-fated Powers flight of May
1, 1960, only a fortnight before Eisenhower
Was to meet with Soviet Premier Khrushchev.
The truth is that previous U2 flights had
provided some crucially important informa-
tion about the Soviet military posture.
Powers had flown 26 successful U2 missions
prior to his ill-starred flight, only two of
which had been directly over the Soviet
Union. These flights, plus "Mission 4155"
which was flown on April 16, 1960, caused the
American government to revise completely
its "national estimates" as to the military
capability of Russia.
After U.S. experts analyzed the U2 photo-
graphs they concluded that they had been
grossly wrong as to the location and number
of Soviet military bases, aircraft, and missiles.
The Strategic Air Command did a complete
re-targeting of the Soviet Union on the basis
of the more accurate information provided
by the U2s.
Thus these flights contributed immeasur-
ably to the security not only of the United
States but of Western Europe, which felt
directly threatened by Soviet rockets.
Why the 111-fated Powers mission? Earlier
flights had revealed three Soviet military in-
stallations about which the United States
felt an urgent need for more information.
So, after the U2 flight of April 16, U.S. mili-
tary and intelligence experts gave top pri-
ority to a Soviet installation known as
Polarnyy Ural, second priority to an installa-
tion known as Kysthyn-Kola, and third pri.
ority to a Soviet base in the Carpathians.
Francis Gary Powers was out to get new
vital information on any or all of these in-
stallations when his plane was rocketed down,
creating an international furor that was to
last for years.
Spy satellites now gather much of the data
that the U2s provided. But there Is still a vital
role to be played by ships and planes loaded
with fantastically sensitive electronic data.
That is why the Soviets keep electronic trawl-
ers around the U.S. and in other key parts of
the world.
Sometimes the information gathered helps
to maintain peace in periods of stress. Dur-
ing the June war of 1967 President Nasser of
Egypt and King Hussein of Jordan issued a
false report that U.S. aircraft were helping
the Israelis-a report probably designed to
bring the Soviet Union into the fray. But
because of their intelligence gadgets, the
Russians knew that Nasser and Hussein were
lying. So they stayed out of the war, as did
the United States.
Planes like the one shot down can provide
the kind of information about "enemy" mis-
sile shots and aircraft takeoffs that add up
to the "intelligence" that a country must
have in deciding issues like whether to build
an antibailistics missile system. They provide
frequency information essential to jamming
enemy radars should we ever have to try to
get "second strike" bombers in.
So the spy flights will continue-because
the President has concluded that they are
worth whatever risk, whatever crisis, may
be Involved.
EC121: CAUTION SERVED WITH CROW
If Richard Nixon has a feel for irony
(which you'll have to answer for yourself)
it must be registering pretty strongly at this
moment of history. Anyone who was at the
Miami Beach convention will recall how the
Republican presidential nominee sent the
American eagle screaming at Lyndon John-
son's craven betrayal of the Flag in failing
to act swiftly and strongly on the Pueblo's
seizure.
The trouble with -being in power, instead
of on the outside, Is that it takes a fireman,
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9-
Apri 25, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE S4083
dine was accelerated by the United States As important as the hazard to public edu-
Suprem}e court in three decisions issued in cation is the fact that, in any case, dejure
May, 1968. These are the Kent County, Va., integration does not work.
the Goi Id, Ark., and the Jackson City, Tenn., The policy of the New York City board of
opinion; requiring the school boards in these education requiring racial balance produced
commu 31ties to abandon their freedom-of- overwhelmingly negative results. It left a
choice plans for desegregating their schools. trail of school disruptions, protests, boycotts
In se opinions, the Supreme Court de- , and sit-ins. In the meantime, whites left the
th,
Glared at, in States where the schools were schools at an increasing rate. _
previoyl ly segregated by law, school boards In 1964, an official study group stated:
must assume an affirmative responsibility to . "No act of the board cif. education from
disestablish segregation. 1958 through 1962 has had a measurable ef-
In Jackson City, Tenn., for example, it was feet on the degree o hool segregation.
not enough to set up school zones on the Not a single ele tar sct' or junior high school
neighbdrhood principle, at the same time al- that was c ring toward segregation by
lowing ' pupils to choose to attend schools virtue of sidential changes and transfers
outside those zones if space existed in them. of whi into parochial and private schools
Under this plan, formerly all-white schools was p vented from becoming segregated by
receive significant numbers of buck stu- boar action."
dents. Because, however, white students re- F r and a half years ago, the New York
fused to attend or to elect to attend all- Cit board of education paired two schools--
Negro schools, the Court was dissatisfied with On mostly white, the other Negro, The
the fre'dom-of-choice plan. The presence of pr ise made to the parents was that a race
all-Neg o schools became clear evidence f rat of 65 per cent whites and 35 per cent
intent to preserve segregation salt existeod blaks Would be maintained in each school.
before 954. Tod y-that is, in early 11169-the white en-
Not ly must the Jackson City school au- tollthents are down to about 35 per cent in
thoriti s by the force of law require white eachiof the two schools.
childre to attend formerly all-Negro schools Th Gould, Ark., experience is further proof
,
but thy must also enforce facy mixing Of th futility of attempting to apply the
by arb trary assignment of personnel on ra- doetri a of de lure integration. The com-
cial lines, munit paired its two small schools last
The Supreme Court's disestablishment doc- autumn'' As a result, all but 50 of 250 white
trine i the principle of de lure Integration pupils w hdrew. The authorities there esti-
applie to those States in which segregation mate the in the coming school term the
by lawl existed prior to the 1954 Brown de- white enro ent will fall. to no more than
dened With patent discrimination against a. Washington; D.C., is an example of very
group Of States-is after all only one step rapid changes i race ratios over a period of
remove from a decision requiring all States a few years. Fr 1950 to 1967, the white
to disc tablish segregation, whether this oc-', -school membership opped from 46,736 to
curs bylaw or fact. 11,784, while the blacr membership jumped
curren y in those States and in these school Enrollment figures show at formerly all-
distric where the local legislative bodies White Washington, D.C., pu is schools in-
have e cted legislation establishing the new variably moved to 75 per cent b k member-
doctrine. It applies specifically to the District ship two years after the 50 pct ent point
'
was reached. In each suc]I school, a black
of Col bia, where the Wright Opinion re-
quired the board of education to prepare membership quickly moved thereaf to 99
social lass, The new and important discovery was "that
Dire tly and unequivocally, the doctrine when a formerly all-white school approacd
has b n invoked by the Supreme Court of 30 per cent black membership, the rate f
gated y law. As has been said here, this step point, from which it moved to 75 per cent
is the precursor of a ruling requiring local within the next two years. The important
and Slate boards of education to disestab- 'finding is that the starting point for rapid
lish de facto segregation as well. white exodus is 30 per cent.
"A THREAT TO PUBLIC EDUCATION" A police state with unlimited enforce-
ment power will be needed to implement In-
movement is that its proponents must die- It is inviting to speculate about the ul
h
l
credit
there
educe
walls
racial
tack
nium
ite schoo
s- of which
redominantly w
of American society. The homogenized citi-
zen thus created is a dangerous change from
the historic individualism which, with its
supportive pluralism, has been this nation's
major source of strength.
The melding, blending process inherent in
the conceptof de lure integration may de-
oythe cam of a free society. A develop-
ment of su significance, therefore, de-
serves the m5 careful study and evaluation.
INVESTIGATION OF WILDLIFE ON
SAN MIGUEL ISLAND FOR EF-
FECTS OF OIL POLLUTION
Mr. CRANSTON. Mr. President, many
Californians were saddened and angered
recently by stories of elephant seals and
sea lions dying on the beach of San
Miguel Island, apparently the victims of
the oil scourge which has afflicted the
California coast at the Santa Barbara
Channel. Because the various reports
were often contradictory, the California
office of the American Humane Society
requested my assistance in sending a vet-
erinary specialist to inspect San Miguel.
The island is operated by the U.S. Navy
and is not open to the public. With the
cooperation of the Commander of the
Pacific Missile Range at Point Mugu,
Calif., Dr. James L. Navlaux, Director of
the National Wildlife Health Founda-
tion, headed an inspection team to the
island on Wednesday, April 16.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that Dr. Naviaux's report on his
findings be printed in the RECORD. I was
delighted with his finding that the ma-
rine mammals he inspected Oil San Mi-
guel showed no signs of injury from the
oil pollution. Apparently the deathlike
repose of the pinnipeds confuted the less
skilled observers who were reported in
the earlier stories.
This good report should not diminish
our concern with the disastrous effects of
the oil slick. The Santa Barbara Channel
remains a tragic chapter in the story of
man's mismanagement of nature.
There being no objection, the report
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
Subject.-San Miguel _ Island Wildlife
Evaluation-April 16, 1969.
Purpose.-To survey and evaluate the
condition of the wildlife on the Island as to
the effect of the crude oil water pollution
from the Santa Barbara Channel for a report
to Senator Alan Cranston's Office, Washing-
ton, D.C.
Party.-Dr. James L. Naviaux, Director, Na-
tional Wildlife Health Foundation, Pleasant
Hill, California; Mr. Donald E. Hansen,
Veterinary Student and assistant Davis,
California; Mr. Mel L. Morse, President,
Humane Society of the United States, Wash-
ington, D.C.
This party was joined by the following gov-
ernment officials at Pt. Mugu and accom-
panied to San Miguel Isl.
Mr. Vernon Appling, Chief Ranger, Channel
Island National Monument, Oxnard, Cali-
fornia; Dr. John Simpson, Veterinarian at-
tached to Navy Underset Research Pt. Mugu,
California; Mr. William Russell, U.S. Navy
Public Affairs Office Point Mugu, California.
Method.-The party was transported to
San Miguel Island via a Navy helicopter,
landing near the Northwest Coast of the is-
land at approximately 1100 hrs. This was the
area where the heaviest concentration of oil
pollution to the beach had occurred. The day
was clear and sunny, with only a slight cool
nes like Drew, Miss. Out of the attack tot r - o.., ?`- '"' me
al number in the community. . New homes
b
cl
y a ens ...,y, un
e n policy
d abandonment of hom eneity bye ; of social integration, be sold on schedules
class has come a threeg to public determined by 'the ratio of whites and
on that promises to bring down the blacks, Jews and non-Jews, Protestants,
f this primary citadel of democracy) Catholics. agnostics and a.bl cuts in any corn-
those bent on achieving a millen
rough the simplistic step of requir
1 action. Trace the anti-public-schoox
lure segregation anywhere-whether in
ent in recent years to its source: Yo schools, employment or housing-is morally
stover-as in the case o4 the Wash m,??ne Tr counter
art s +, ._ i
p
s
credit, weaken; a strategy for imposing racia able.
and s 7al-class mixing through the winnin
of legislative and judicial support. CREATING "THE IiOMOGENIZLR) CTTIZEN"
The danger in the drive for legislative and The second main finding resulting from
court actions to make integration the lava an analysis of the enforced mixing of people
of the and-here meaning the artificial manby race and class is that vrhat is most desired
ageme t of persons to establish racial an is the "integrated man" made up of propor-
social-lass mixing-is the imminent destruct tionate parts of every ethnic group and of
tion o confidence in public education. the several religious and cultural components
Out of the intervolutions from which the
doctrine of de lure integration comes, two
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 S 4086 Approved For Re CONGRE S IONAL RECORD DPSENA0E64R000300 Ap0 5, 1969
making learning relevent and applicable At least the students at Walt Whitman United States; second, a congressional
to modern life is reshaping our concepts High School in Bethesda think they're all declaration of war; and, third, an insur-
of both the purpose and the procedures relevant to the students at Walt Whitman rection within the United States in aid
of education. Technological education, High 'school. of a foreign enemy.
language labs, work-study programs, most Among freque ntly complaints
in Ints that student protests hroteests sts of fd late
to After the occurrence of one of these
p
overseas seminars, computerized class- are that the current course offerings-4such events the President makes the act oper-
rooms, and educational television are all as earth science and trigonometry-have no ational by proclaiming an internal se-
attempts to solve this problem of making meaning for the student, or that they are curity emergency. Thereafter, the At-
turney
A most creative and successful ex-
periment involving students and teach-
ers in new learning situations was re-
cently conducted at Walt Whitman
Senior High School in Montgomery
County, Md. The project, which was
called "EFFE" short for Experiment in
Free Form Education, was created,
planned, and organized by students of
Walt Whitman High.
The weeklong program that ran from
March 24 to March 28 gave each student
the option of spending the 5 days work-
ing in one of three different programs.
The first phase of the program consisted
of a regular study schedule but the regu-
lar classes were replaced by 140 courses
that included subjects as "Comparative
Religion," "Electronic Music," "Marine
Biology," "Nuclear Reactor Technology,'
or a weeklong French seminar in Que-
bec, Canada. Students were able to chose
courses that interested them or they
could remain home if they liked.
The second possibility open to the stu-
dents was an independent study pro-
gram to be designed and executed by
the Individual students. One girl spent
the time building a harpsichord, two
boys rebuilt a Volkswagen, several others
conducted chemistry experiments, and
other worked on term papers.
The third phase of the Experiment in
Free Form Education was called the
work experience. The EFFE committee
arranged 60 different weeklong job ex-
periences with newspapers, research
companies, schools, and community ac-
tion programs. As part of this phase, four
girls spent 3 weeks working in my-office,
from March 24 to April 11. Joan Bailey,
Betsy Dotson, and Joyce Hoke are juniors
at Walt Whitman, and Debby Marney is
a senior. They all agree that the EFFE
has been the best part of the school year.
The girls hope the success of the experi-
ment will encourage similar programs in
following years and that the school's
curriculum, scheduling, and teaching
techniques will be influenced by the ex-
periment.
In appreciation to the girls who work-
ed in my office and in hopes that other
schools will try similar experiments, I
ask that an article published in the
Washington Evening Star of March 25,
1969, be printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
(By Barry Kalb)
Here's a very contemporary riddle: What
do sex education, world protest, the hazards
of night driving, current trends In the Cath-
olic church, the stock market, the draft,
Balkan Kolo dancing, marijuana and the way
a football game should be watched have In
common?
A very contemporary
relevant.
enerai may apprehend and de-
Whitman students were given the oppor- taro
an
y person where there are rea-
tunity to outdo professional curriculum de-
signers. The result of their efforts, including g sonable grounds to believe that such per-
the above courses, began yesterday and will son will engage in or probably will con-
run through Friday under the-title, "An Ex- spire to engage in acts of espionage
faculty, PTA and county school board In
their endeavors.
"We didn't sit down and say the school
system is tearing us down, and hurting our
minds, and we hate it, and therefore we're
doing this," explains Lance Dublin, a student
and prime mover behind the program.
"Obviously, the school has done eamething
for its, or we wouldn't have this," he con-
tinued.
The whole thing began back in October
with a few students and a couple of teachers
talking about new ideas in education. The
idea for EFFE quickly took shape, Dublin
says, and in December, the school was
presented with a proposal for the experiment.
Students were polled as to what courses they
would like to have taught, teachers were re-
cruited to help plan and eventually teach the
expegimental courses, and parents-"the par-
ents were fantastic," Dublin says-pitched'in
with advice and special parttime jobs.
The courses are of two major types: Those
that are cgmpletely new, such as the seminar
on "What It's Like to Be a College Professor,"
and regular courses that "aren't being taught
the way they are.normally."
In addition, 268. of Whitman's 2,200 stu-
dents are spending the week on special work
study programs, doing&uch things as teach-
ing school, working for 1T4ited States con-
gressmen, learning how a newspaper is put
together, and working at the Montgomery
County Board of Education in `Rockville.
Courses are non-graded and attendance
is optional.
In the class called "Honest to God Debate,"
a visiting priest-Dublin says more than 250
outsiders volunteered as teachers and
speakers-was asked by a boy:
"Can I ask you a question, sir? When you
say 'God,' what do you-I'm not asking you
to defend your faith-but when you say
'God,' what do you mean?"
In "Four Modern Underground Writers," A
young teacher with a beard and muddy boots
and a peace symbol around his neck instead,
of a tie read excerpts from Norman Mailer's
sorriest chapters in all of American his-
tort'. I am, of course, referring to the
relocation of 110,000 American residents,
70,000 of whom were U.S. citizens by
birth, during World War II. Their sole
crime was their Japanese parentage.
These Japanese-American residents and
citizens were apprehended and moved
from their homes to "relocation centers."
This action was contrary to America's
tradition and its constitutional pro-
cedures. Yet, Japan had made its "in-
famous" attack on Pearl Harbor, the
United States was at war and emotions,
not reasouo were the order of the day.
Certainly, both history and hindsight
without doubt reveal that the facts did
not justify the actions.
Japanese-American residents were
loyal citizens. In fact, the record of the
all-Nisei famous go-for-broke, 442d regi-
mental combat team in Europe during
World War 11, in writing one of the
outstanding and courageous chapters in
our military annals and our Nation's
history, stands in marked contrast to
the sorry and dark chapter our Govern-
ment was writing in connection with the
go-for-broke combat team's family,
friends and relatives in the United
States. Similarly, the Japanese-Ameri-
cans served with distinction in the Pa-
cific Theater. Here, we are told, they did
primarily "combat intelligence work."
Reportedly, Gen, Douglas MacArthur
said that the Japanese-American's serv-
ice in the Pacific shortened the war by
2 years and thus prevented the loss of
many additional American lives.
Despite this unjust and regrettable
treatment, Japanese-American citizens
today are not bitter. They still have
"The Siege of Chicago," and told his stu- faith and pride in the American way of
dents: life. Senator IrrouYE, the author of this
"If you remember that as a human being `;amendment, certainly is a good example
you have the potentialities to do harm to of the accomplishments of American cit-
people or to concur In doing harm to people, izens of Japanese ancestry. After a dis-
you may not be so quick to condone some tnguished war record, he was elected to
of the atrocities that are committed in your
name," r present the State Of Hawaii in the
MS. Senate Thus the accom lishments
REPEAL OF TITLE II, EMERGENCY
DETENTION PROVISION, INTER-
NAL SECURITY ACT OF 1950
Mr. MURPHY. Mr. President, as a co-
sponsor of S. 1872, I am pleased to sup-
port the measure, which would repeal
title II, the emergency detention pro-
1950. Under title II of this act, the Pres- ; I am most optimistic that we have a
ident of the United States is given the good chance of repealing title II this
power to declare an "internal security Congress. It is my understanding that
emergency" when any of the following the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on
events occur: First, an Invasion of the Internal Security has unanimously rec-
of Japanese-Americans in all areas of
American life show they have won equal
treatment and respect that our Gov-
ernment disgracefully denied them in
World War II.
So, Mr. President, title II of the in-
ternal Security Act clearly is not needed.
It should never have been placed on the
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
April 25, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE S 4085
and all too often in global politics the fire- has told the American people) it doesn't fo1- rebirth of American conservatism in the last
jnan gets to the scene after the fire is over. low that a strong ration must give its mill- quarter century.
That is what happened When the EC121 tary bureaucracy the privilege of being The conservative outlook has deep roots in
plane-Call it an ntelll- Sloppy. American history, having such diverse 19th
e c e interceptor eree craft, an bir version of the ~--- century spokesmen as John C. Calhoun of
ueb was shot South Carolina and Fisher Ames of Massa-
eblo-was sdown in the Japan Sea gn NOMINATION OF MARSHALL GREED
the North Koreans. During the campaign chusetts. By 1944, when Human Events was
Nixon promised there would be no fire next AS ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF founded as a Washington newsletter, con-
time, and if there were he would put It out STATE FOR EAST ASIAN AND PA- servatism seemed to be going the way of the
~thaste. Well, there was, and he couldn't CFFIC AFFAIRS dodo bird. Franklin D, Roosevelt had been
and didn't, elected to an unprecedented third term as
I'm not complaining about Nixon's eau- Mr. PELL. Mr. President, I believe the president. Contemporary spokesmen of in-
tion. In fact, I lire it in this ease. I just hope United States is particularly' fortunate telligent conservatism were few, and almost
the irony of it, and the cheeky brazenness of in having Marshall Green appointed as without utoLlberticn all is forms, arieties all the spread-eagle campaign drivel, Isn't Assistant Secretary of State for East froomlt the mild s s with Marxism, a was bloom-
'lost on the nation. Caution in reacting to Asian and Pacifle Affairs.
Communist provocations like this one shakes I say this not j List because he has been mToday, a vastly different situation exists.
sense, especially when you can't do any- a respected friend of mine for almost 30 The man in the White House, if not a full-
boldn iziess g i,n and als trying' o to o end the years, but because he has an expert fledged conservativeon every issue, is strong-
caution n Is fast linked without to boldn overacting,
cauti
the larger Vietnamese war- Whose priority has knowledge, sensitivity, and judgment for ly influenced by conservative ideas. The
made the caution necessary the area of which he has been charged. White House staff
des at least one well
To the families of the 31 crewmen who I have heard him give a briefing that young conservative died, it won't be any consolation to e told was In my- view the best briefing we have Richard V. Allen. Whereas conservatives
that while they were serving a Gres, Power hardly would have been allowed In the White
redress or revenge eoause ever received in the course of my years House a few yearsago, today they are wel-
it can exact no Power is helpless in the sea of in the Senate. come.
lieveeft a Great u His appointment is an excellent one, M. Stanton Evans, editor of The Indian-
hat all of u .s That must is live one withof tfie, . facts
of . and the administration 1S t0-be congrat- spoils News, chronicles '"Me New Conserva-
I of life that all of u circumstance.
Was the North Korean act a mindless elated on it. tive Era: A Generation of Growth," in the
provocation, a natural response to intolerable 25th anniversary issue of Human Events.
espionage from the air, or quite simply a Cal- `Tolltical`=cha g.I " he_ notes, "is seldom
culated gamble? We won't know U41U we TIE 25TH ANNIVERSARY EDITION unilinear and neat, and the Republican-
!have how how fah much about the EC121's irniseion OF MAGAZINE HUMAN' WENTS con`erv tiv~ transformation since '44 has
sense it made, and es eeally occurred as a serf of ebbs and flows rather
had a
whether the plane was (as Washington has Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, the than as a single decisive thrust."
claimed) at least 50 miles from the ,Korean Magazine Human Events, the well- But there is abundant evidence of con-
air space. { known journal of political commentary, servative growth and influence.
If it was in fact that closer to hat air has celebrated its 25th anniversary with California, the most populous state in the
space, then Nixon and his military d~cision- a special Issue filled with interpretative Union, has a strongly conservative chief
makers must take the consequent s that articles on the current scene. This anni- executive in Ronald Reagan. The Republican
every espionage system must take-of getting versary is a remarkable one because it in- Party has had a major transfusion of South-
caught. If in fact it was far outside lKorean ern conservatism. Conservative youth groups,
air space, then shooting it down was a pro- dicates the durability of the principles such as Young Americans For Freedom, are
vocative act. for which Human Events stands. For 25 flourishing.
Assuming it was such an act, what makes years, this magazine has unswervingly Perhaps the most important fang-range
the North Koreans so rancorous, al ost to dedicated itself to the ideals of consti- development is emergence of conservative
the point of savagery? No nation likes to tutionaI government and conservative journalists and thinkers, authors such as
be spied upon, whether'liy agents r elec- ,political action. It is no secret that over William F. Buckley Jr., James J. Kilpatrick,
tronics, but most goverfiuient's ha made this period Human Events has been Dr. Russell Kirk, Holmes Alexander and
their peace with it, or at least an armed John Chamberlain-several of them contrib-
truce. What really bugs Pyongyang, #1 may bucking the trend in the world of jour- utors to The News and Courier as well as to
risk the play on words, is not the actual nalism and atuming itself more to the Human Events.
bugging but the knowledge that tlle Seoul philosophy of the grass roots of the As yet, conservatives don't predominate
regime to, the South is getting stronger every American people than to the supposedly on college campuses. They don't play a lead-
year and the South Korean prosperity sophisticated power centers of politics. Ing role in the New York book world. But
greater. The anniversary issue is illustrative of conservatives can no longer be safely Ignored
No insult is deeper than the spi of by liberals. The liberal presidential candi-
date hatred rival flourishing, in the cnf tered the high quality of Human vent sjour- date failed last November.
Joyless world in which the more ferveetit and nazism. Its editors and publishers can be the battle for the mind of the rising
fanatical Compnunists live, the support of proud of their record and can look for- In generation, conservatives mind faring badly,
the anti-Communist Seoul regime by Ameri- ward to a brighter future. though peaceniks and militants grab the
cans is a continuous provocation ir; itself, Mr. President, the Charleston News headlines. The middle class is continuing to
and the very fact of the Immensity cif Amer- and Courier recently published a special move along the conservative path. Members
lean power is an obscene reversal of the salute to Human Events in the form of of the big industrial unions are beginning
world as it should be. the lead ed'itor'ial on that newspaper's to act more and more conservative.
Seen from this angle every Apnlerican
"reconnaissance" plane Is fair game, Shoot- distinguished editorial page. The News Twenty-five years of pioneering by con=
ing one down and sending its freight of hu- and Courier say,i: servatives such as the editors of Human
man beings to the bottom of the ea is a Twenty-five years of pioneering by con- Events is beginning to pay off in a more
way of 'shooting a barb 'ln.to the tough or servatives such as the editors of Human thoughtful public approach to politics and
tender skin of the American colossus; Events is beginning to pay off in a more ideas.
Shooting, moreover, with relative ir}rpunity. thoughtful public approach to politics and
That 1S what Americans will have to live ideas. EXPERIMENT IN FREE FORM
with for some time, and if they want to EDUCATION
minimize their grief and frustrat n they Mr. President, I am pleased that one
had better demand a restructuring of the of the leading newspapers of my State Mr. TYDINGS. Mr. President, perhaps
military intelligence services. has paid this tribute to Human Events. the "School for Beggars" in Peter Wiell's
If a diplomat (as we are told) is sent I ask unanimous consent that the edi- "Three Penny Opera" was not the most
abroad to lie for his country, then tecon- tonal, entitled "Human Events At 25," highly accredited or the most prestigious
naissanee" plane is one sent soma to spy published in the Charleston News and school in 18th century London. But then
for its country. A lumbering opener- Courier of Thursday, April 10, 1969, be
driven plane like the EC121 becomes a again it may have been the most rele-
kamikaze plane, on a suicide mission.; unless printed in the RECORD. vent and practical school in its time. The
it is itself watched over by speedier1tiahters. There being no objection, the editorial disparity between material taught in
Either these missions ought not t be at- was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, high schools and colleges and the knowl-
tempted, or they ought to have their risks re- as follows: edge that is needed to meet the exigencies
duced. If this plane was in fact on a 'iroutine" HUMAN EVENTS At -25 of life in America today is clearly one
mission, then the routine had better be
revised to include air cover. Publication of a special 25th anniversary of the underlying causes of the turmoil
While a weak nation may have t e privi- issue of Human Events, amagazine of politi- and disturbance on college campuses and
lege of being rash (as State Secretay,Rogers cal commentary, serves as a reminder of the in high schools. This very problem of
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
84100 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE April 25, 1969
Mr. PELL. Mr. President, public sup-
port on a national level is, therefore,
needed to sustain many of America's
finest museums. This report, "America's
Museums: The Belmont Report," pub-
lished by the American Association of
Museums, provides us with the basis for
providing this support. I urge my col-
leagues to review it. It will jar the com-
placent notion that we can take our
museums for granted. It will make us
realize, as I have come to realize, that
museums are in great need of Federal
help.
RESIDENCY REQUIREMENTS FOR
PUBLIC ASSISTANCE
Mr. ALLEN. Mr. President, the U.S.
Supreme Court has nullified the stat-
utes of 40 States, including one in Ala-
bama, which prescribe minimum resi-
dence requirements as a condition of
eligibility for public assistance. The Su-
preme Court now asks the American
people to believe that the Constitution
of the United States not only guarantees
every citizen a living at public expense
but also that it creates a constitutionally
protected right in an individual to pick
and choose a place in which to draw
benefits based on a consideration of
which community offers the highest
standard of living at public expense.
This is a further effort to strike down
State lines as well as States rights.
The Supreme Court may know, but it
did not say, where the last decision will
take us. On the other hand, Secretary
Finch seems to know. The Washington
Post of April 22, 1969, reported:
Secretary Robert H. Finch was quick to
may the ruling advanced the drive for mini-
mum welfare standards, a goal he has long
favored and which he now considers "inevi-
table."
Mr. President, who Is prepared to sup-
port with evidence the contention that
national welfare standards are prefer-
able to State selected standards? Who is
prepared to say that no minimum eesi-
dency requirement, as decreed by the
Supreme Court, is preferable to a 12
months residence requirement as fixed
by State legislatures? Who can reason-
ably claim to foresee the ultimate conse-
quence of this last judicial decision?
In this connection I am reminded of
an observation of Max Lerner who
wrote:
Relative to our needs, understanding of
the connection between action and result is
rapidly deteriorating. We are being forced to
formulate long-range policy as a response to
present issues with little knowledge of where
such decisions ultimately will take us.
These words could have been spoken
to Congress. In any event, the observa-
tion is relevant to the present issue pre-
sented by the Supreme Court.
The result is that Congress must now
undertake to formulate a realistic re-
sponse to the problem. That means that
Congress must discover the facts and try
to anticipate the consequences without
benefit of or resort to judicial sophistry
and untenable arguments from nega-
tives. If the U.S. Supreme Court con-
tinues to legislate, perhaps we ought to
provide it with power to conduct hear-
ings and to get the facts.
Mr. President, it is generally agreed
that the decision establishes national
policy and that such policy will have a
tremendous impact on many communi-
ties throughout the Nation. Some State
welfare budgets simply cannot absorb
the additional cost. In some States the
taxpaying public will be asked to assume
an even heavier tax burden to meet the
new obligation or in the alternative to
spread its limited resources even thinner
among needy and most deserving citizens
of the State. In turn, it is reasonable to
expect that such States and localities
will raise a hue and cry for greater Fed-
eral financial assistance and, as antici-
pated by Secretary Finch, we can expect
to hear anguished cries for the establish-
ment of national minimum welfare
standards to alleviate the eff eets of the
policy.
Mr. President, if regional minimum
welfare standards are established by
Congress, it is almost certain that count-
less thousands of welfare "clients" will
hit the road and set up camp in States
where low cost of living will add to the
purchasing power of welfare payments.
Relatively lower costs of living is charac-
teristic of States which can ill afford
to assume the cost of additional welfare
burdens. Under such circumstances we
can expect to see persons living on public
largess enjoying a higher standard of
living than their next door neighbors
who work and pay taxes and strive to
support themselves and families.
Mr. President, this is a grave injustice,
which gives rise to a concern that ag-
grieved taxpayers may mount a massive
revolt against increased taxation even
for needed and necessary services of
State and local governments.
Before leaving the subject of possible
consequences of the Supreme Court "no
residency requirement" decree, we can-
not avoid comment on the clear implica-
tion in the decision that the Court may
next strike down State prescribed resi-
dency requirements for voting In elec-
tions. If that eventually comes to pass,
we may well witness a return of the prac-
tice of transporting indigent voters from
State to State and from jurisdiction to
jurisdiction as a means of swinging
closely contested elections. Such was the
practice of previous national "reformers"
in the South.
One last comment on this point: It is
from the eminent historian Alexander
Fraser Tytler, who wrote during the time
when we were still colonies of Great Brit-
ain. In commenting on the fall of the
Athenian Republic he said:
A democracy cannot exist as a permanent
form of government. It can only exist until
the voters discover they can vote themselves
largess out of the public treasury. From that
moment on, the majority always votes for
the candidate promising benefits from the
public treasury with the result that democ-
racy always collapses over a loose fiscal pol-
icy, always to be followed by a dictatorship.
The same conclusions led Plutarch to
say:
The real destroyer of the liberties of the
people is he who spreads among them boun-
ties, donations and benefits.
Mr. President, the American people
for years have been complacent beyond
anything I thought possible in the face
of increased taxes. They have trusted
institutions of Federal Government far
beyond what I imagined possible in spite
of repeated misgivings. But, Mr. Presi-
dent, the Supreme Court of the United
States now seems to be deliberately
thumbing its collective. nose at the peo-
ple. I believe that the people are about
ready to say that they have had enough.
Mr. President, this last decision dem-
onstrates once again the pressing need
for judicial reforms. Such reforms must
include, as a bare minimum, some sort
of assurance that prospective Supreme
Court Justices know the difference be-
tween legislative and judicial powers--
that they accept the proposition that a
Constitution is the law that governs
government and that such law can not
be changed except in the manner pre-
scribed by the Constitution; and accord-
ingly will agree not to exercise clear and
unmistakable legislative powers, con-
trary to the law of the Constitution.
PROTECTION OF U.S. RECbNNAIS-
SANCE FLIGHTS
Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, it is
encouraging that the President has taken
positive action to protect U.S. reconnais-
sance flights off North Korea. I heartily
endorse the President's action to provide
this combat patrol cover in the future.
For the men who were lost and their
families, however, I regret the protection
was too late.
Mr. President, I also announced at the
time that the United States should move
with combat strength into the Sea of
Japan. It is reassuring to learn that the
President has issued such orders. It is my
firm hope that Task Force 71 is instruct-
ed to retaliate in any future attack on any
of our intelligence reconnaissance of
North Korea. Immediate retaliation
against the actual criminals when they
attack is the only way to stop this piracy.
Our men must have unequivocal support
wherever they serve. The loss of our 31
men is another bitter sorrow that has
raised the anger and emotions of every
red-blooded American.
It is my hope that the President's
action will put a stop to these savage
attacks in international space and' in
international waters. The President is
to be congratulated for his calm, delib-
erate and measured reaction when the
Nation's emotions are running high. A
great nation cannot be guided by anger.
Mr. President, North Korea is one of
the most belligerent Communist coun-
tries in the world. It is an outlaw govern-
ment that respects neither international
law nor international custom. North
Korea is another country that looks to
the Soviets for leadership and will co-
operate with the Soviets' goal of Com-
munist.domination of the world. It has
a large army and an effective air force.
I am relieved that the President recog-
nizes this threat and the cruel and irra-
tional North Korea leaders. I hope our
forces are prepared to deal with them on
a moment's notice if they dare to ven-
ture another attack.
Mr. President, the day this atrocity
was committed by North Korea, I made a
press release which expressed my view
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 A i7 , firfed For ReI QSV003/0 i :,E -RD P71 B00364R000300130002-9 SENATE
S 409
quite compensation. They have brought sights. of the most distinguished directors, technical training programs, education, oper-
cul Ural and educational advantages to curators and other museum professionals as ational support, equipment and facilities.
people of all ages. They have performed well as educators, foundation Officials, and The full funding of such programs could
res arch for the scientific tdvancement public-spirited citizens. It drew, too, upon have immediate beneficial impact on the
re he entfo Nation. They lr tve preserved virtually all of the rather limited museum nation's art, history and science museums,
of t our cultural heritage, made it literature presently available. Given the and the Council strongly urges such a step.
possible limitation brought about by the shortage of 2. Under the authority of the National
for' us to study the past. In jhe past, the relevant data, the Council believes the report Museum Act the Smithsonian Institution is
financial burdens of these important to be the most comprehensive and signifi- authorized to cooperate with museums and
tasks have been borne by private citizens cant assessment of America's museums pres- their professional organizations, to carry out
or local governments. The book, "Ameri- ently available. programs of training for career employees
ca' Museums: The Belmont.Report," ex- It is the view of this Council that the in museum practices, to support museum
pia ns that now the cost of these t," ex- report documents the broad scope of museum publications, undertake research on the
pia th trinow the ost oft es services and makes it abundantly clear that development of museum techniques and to e the abilities of private the nation's museums play an authentic coopere with government agencies con-
for, unes and local governn} its. and major role in the natio to cpllural and cerned wi
I all the museums in A ileums. Yet that authoriz
marica vere to intellectual life. The r4oort makes clear, too, tion, approved in October, 1966, has not yet
et
close tomorrow, the public a uld soon b-e that a pervasive,d Insistent financial receiv
d
e
.., for uscai years 1968 and 1989. The Council
pas , to see the objects wch brought A strong e can be made for federal sup- recommends appropriations for fiscal year
mankind to the present day. Ina short port. It is the national interest to protect 1970 and subse
tl
quen
y.
time, we would be opening ~Wjildlngs for our cult al heritage as other countries have 3. Some federal agencies administer edu-
effeetiv y done for many years. Collectively ranal
the very purposes that rr;Il eums riptlt the n ion's museums preserve, exhibit, and musetioums doand not cultural qualify pr
direct for
s e r v e . We would soon be gaining and inter ret the irreplaceable treasures of Amer- Although careful thought should be given
hiring people to conserve these object,; lea, of man
nd man. Together with schools and to qualifying museums as direct grantees
Of art, history, and science mud exhibit libr ries they represen; the communities'- through amending present law, the Council them for the public to See. e ever-if the
system, and I honor their right to ex-
press their opinion.
It is with considerable dismay, there-
fore, that I hear charges that those of
us who oppose the ABM do not have a
right to express this view-that such op-
position is treasonous, or disloyal at best.
Such an attempt to label ABM '.)es as
unpatriotic should be denounced in a
land where freedom of speech is a fun-
based on the principle of democracy,
with each citizen guaranteed the right
to express his opinion in open debate.
The Honolulu Advertiser on May 1
published an editorial response to
charges that ABM critics are somehow
involved in a conspiracy to weaken the
Nation. Because of its clear thinking on
this matter, I insert the editorial at this
point in the RECORD:
Tie ABM CRITICS
It's doubtful if either the cause of thl, anti-
ballistic missile or rational debate will be
furthered by charges that imply ABM critics
are somehow involved in a conspir;?,ey to
weaken the nation.
Yet House Republican Leader Gerald Ford
seemed to be doing this when he er;ierged"
from a White House meeting this week and
demanded heatedly whether ABM critics
"want to unilaterally disarm America n the
face of a serious threat from the Soviet
Union?"
He talked about "a certain concert" f op-
position to the ABM, chemical and biological
warfare research, and development of a
manned bomber.
Ford is right that there is a growing oppo-
sition, but it is wrong to suggest that it is
motivated by any desire to cripple the na-
tion's defense posture.
Those opposing the ABM and quest,oning
in Congress, a large number of scientists and
biological warfare include a bipartisan group
many distinguished former Federal officials.
What many may oppose most, in fact, is the
kind of thinking that equates disloyalty with
opposition to proposed military programs.
The post-World War II growth of what's
called the military-chemical complex has a
basis in Cold War needs, but its growth and
momentum to what some feel dangerous pro-
portions stem in part from just such, a scare
atmosphere.
Fortunately, there are a growing umber
of Americans who feel that our my na-
tional requirements must be kept in balance
and that security is not served by constantly
escalated overkill.
Labor Leader Walter Reuther made the
point here the other day when he said the
,ABM should be held up because of questions
about its workability, the fear that it will
just add to the nuclear arms race more than
increase securitir, and because funds are
more needed for social problems.
We are among those who oppose the ABM
on such grounds. We also recognize there can
be legitimate debate on the question. But
there cannot be such debate if the atmos-
phere is clouded with charges that critics
want to hurt the nation.
EXTENSION OF CHILD NUTRITION
ACT OF 1966
(Mrs. MINK asked and was given per-
mission to extend her remarks at this
point in the RECORD.)
Mrs. MINK. Mr. Speaker, I am sure
that all Members of this body are in
favor of more milk for our schoolchil-
dren. Prompt aA.tion by the House Com-
mittee on Agriculture in reporting out a
permanent extension of the special milk
program attests to our general agree-
ment of this goal.
The Johnson and new Nixon adminis-
tration both have recommended a budget
which eliminates the special milk pro-
gram altogether as a separate program.
Instead of providing $104 million for
milk as in the current year, or $125 mil-
lion as proposed in H.R. 5554, the budget
offered by President Nixon only allows
$20 million fiscal 1970 for milk for sum-
mer camp and similar programs, and for
schools without, lunch programs.
These proposed cutbacks made House
action on this legislation all the more
necessary in order to offer stability to
this program. The trend in the new ad-
ministration seems to be juggling the
budget around :instead of providing for
the additional funds needed to take care
of the poor.
Another example of this administra-
tion's approach is the order to close 59
Job Corps centers and use these so-called
savings to 30 miniskill centers located in
urban areas.
Currently we are spending $10 million
on special assistance to needy school-
children; President Johnson asked that
this be raised to $90 million in fiscal 1970,
but the new administration cut this in
half to $44,800,000. If the new adminis-
tration really wanted to do more for
the poor, I submit they should have pro-
posed at least the $90 million for this
program which is so clearly under-
funded. The special milk program has
been criticized as a subsidy for the dairy
industry yet the new administration asks
that the current $44 million budget for
school lunches under the commodity
donation program be raised to $89 mil-
lion.
The administration tells us that the
new emphasis is on full lunch programs,
rather than milk, and a shift in aid more
toward the needy. This may be a fine
goal, but Congress should insure that
programs now benefiting all of our chil-
dren are not curtailed in the process.
The special milk program is not the
milk served with school lunches. Rather
the bulk of the program is for milk for
those children who have no_ lunch pro-
gram, who bring home lunch, and for
milk sold after i.chool, for summer pro-
grams, and so forth. The Government
pays part of the cost of this milk, and
the student pays a reduced price. The
new administration would eliminate this
assistance to millions of children. I would
hope that our Nation is rich enough to
continue what we have been doing for
the health and nutrition of all of our
children, and at the same time commit
additional funds for the special needs
of our poor children so that they can
have free milk by providing an adequate
budget for this program under the other
provisions of the Child Nutrition Act.
H.R. 5554, which passed the House yes-
terday, would make the special milk
program permanent and increase the au-
thorization by $5 million a year to $125
million.
It is poor policy to amend H.R. 5554 to
limit the program only to needy children
and cut off a national effort to provide
milk to the benefit of 17 million of our
children. I am pleased that the House de-
feated this amendment. -
I believe that we should adequately
provide for the needs of the poor in
America without cutting out funds al-
ready being spent.
I supported H.R. 5554 and hope that it
will be enacted into law very soon.
ABM EFFECTS ON WILDLIFE
(Mrs. MINK asked and was given per-
mission to extend her remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
Mrs. MINK. Mr. Speaker, the Presi-
dent's unwise decision to proceed with
an ABM system will affect many people
in many ways. The American taxpayers
will be a little poorer because of the huge
expense this decision will cause. The
wealthy corporations of the military-in-
dustrial complex will be considerably
richer. And all of us will lead more fright-
ened lives, since the cause of world
peace will be set back by this new es-
calation of the arms race.
All of this is well known. Not so publi-
cized, however, - is another effect of the
ABM decision-the possible destruction
of irreplaceable-wildlife in the under-
ground nuclear blasts which will start in
October to test the ABM.
One conservation loss due to the ABM
is discussed in an article by Philip D.
Carter, Washington Post service, which
was published in the April 13, 1969, Hon-
olulu Star-Bulletin. As the article points
out:
The remote and windswept island of Am-
chitka, proposed site of the largest under-
ground nuclear blasts in history, is a critical
link in the vast Aleutian Islands National
Wildlife Refuge and a precarious haven for
some of "nature's most severely endangered
species.
The article goes on to describe the
struggles of the rare bald eagles, sea
otters, and other wildlife to survive
against the onslaught of man. For them,
the detonation of test ABM's may be the
last chapter.
Some of the island wildlife deserves
special consideration, such as the protec-
tion to be given under the endangered
species bill now pending before Congress.
The objectives of this legislation, H.R. 248
and H.R. 4812, have my strong support.
For the benefit of my colleagues, I
insert the article at this point in the
RECORD:
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 A proved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
May 13, 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE S 5045
that this Nation would consider taking
the initiative by inviting the Soviet Un-
ion to join us without delay in a tem-
porary freeze of this kind pending talks
which would be designed to make the
freeze permanent. In that fashion both
nations would underscore the mutuality
of interest which can exist-which, in
fact, does exist-in bringing to a close.
this costly, wasteful, and futile compe-
tition in nuclear armaments. It would
by my further hope that the initiative,
which is suggested, would be pursued by
the executive branch before the consid-
eration of the Safeguard deployment
reaches a point of no return in the Sen-
ate.
Mr. COOPER. Mr. President, the ma-
jority leader, the distinguished Senator
from Montana, has given us a statement
on the implications that deployment of
an anti-ballistic-missile system at this
time would have for this country. He has
struck at the key issues with clarity and
wisdom.
Underneath the technical complexity
and difficult judgments about missile
technology lies a simple truth. It is this-
we are at a moment in time, the first
time in the quarter of a century of the
nuclear age, where it may be possible to
halt the nuclear arms race with all the
danger it holds for all our people and
for the world. Already, we.are informed,
the equivalent in nuclear power of more
than 15 tons of TNT hovers over the
head of every man, woman, and child
on the earth.
We who oppose deployment of the
ABM at this time are asking for a brief
delay in the arms race during which the
United States can enter into negotiations
with the Soviet -Union to determine
whether it is possible--either by formal
or tacit agreement-to halt the arms
race, or whether it is necessary to go
on as in the past, piling up more and
more deadly nuclear weapons.
The United States can defer deploy-
ment of the ABM for three principal rea-
sons:
First. It presently has an overwhelm-
ing retaliatory capability-=an ability to
destroy the Soviet Union. This capability
can be maintained even if the Soviet Un-
ion continues the development of nu-
clear weapons at its maximum capacity
through the mid-1970's.
Second. A reasonable analysis of the
intelligence available is that there is no
new or present danger to our deterrent.
Third. The ABM system proposed by
the administration, is the subject of so
much responsible doubt about its feasi-
bility for missile site protection that a
delay of deployment would serve the Na-
tion well. The most effective strategic
response to a real threat to our deterrent
could be developed in the time our Gov-
ernment is seeking a halt in the nuclear
arms race, rather than in haste to build
and deploy an ineffective system.
In conclusion, it is my hope that the
administration will heed the wise words
of the majority leader. There is no de-
sire of those opposed to the ABM deploy-
ment to confront the administration po-
litically. Reasonable solutions are still
possible. The United States can enter
into negotiations with the Soviet Union
with confidence in its existing and pre-
ponderant strength. The United States
can do so with the knowledge that if ne-
gotiations fail, we have the resources and
time to do what is necessary to insure
the credibility of our deterrent and awe-
some, if uncertain, security.
It is my view that delay can be taken
in safety. It is my view that a brief de-
lay to determine if a halt in the nuclear
weapons race is possible is the course of
reason, the course of responsibility, and
the duty of a great country.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
commend the distinguished Senator from
Kentucky for the brie, statement he has
just made. He has said more in a few
words than I said`iii many. He has stated
the case better nd more succinctly. I
join with him the postulate that this
is not a polit cal matter, that this is
something in hich we are all vitally
interested rega dless of politics, and that
those of us w oppose the system do
not doubt the nesty and integrity of
those who are in avor of it.
I ; is a matter of dgment which must
be faced. up to and which a decision
must be made. I join a Senator from
Kentucky in saying tha we ought to
undertake to start negotia ns if it is
at all possible, and that the ought to
be undertaken in good faith. results
are not forthcoming and good f th is
not displayed, then we ought to get b#sy
cause any difficulty. I think it would
yield much good. If an agreement to halt
arms race can be brought about through
the two superpowers, it would mean that
in this country we would be able to
divert funds to the needs of the cities
and to the needs of various segments of
our population which must be met and
faced up to. In that way we shall bring
about a balance in our sense of respon-
sibilities, which in the long run will re-
act to the welfare of this Nation as a
whole.
I again commend the distinguished
senior Senator from Kentucky, who has
taken the leadership in this matter over
several years and who has done a lot
of good groundwork to bolster the case
he has presented on occasion to the
Senate.
I assure the Senator once again that
this is not a political matter. It is not
a matter of a gain or loss for either the
Republican or Democratic Party. It' is
a matter in the best interest of the
country. Regardless of its effect on either
party or on any candidate, it is the is-
sue which should have priority at all
times.
Let us at least make an effort. Let us
go ahead and see if we cannot do some-
thing which would benefit mankind; in-
stead of continually building and build-
ing and acting and reacting with missiles
and other systems, which can do nothing
but bring destruction on mankind as a
whole.
We have a great responsibility in the
Senate. Let us face up to it and build for
peace and not for disaster; or at least
let us try to move toward the elimina-
tion of that which is designed to destroy
people,
EXECUTIVE SESSION
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the Senate go
into executive session to consider a nom-
ination on the Executive Calendar under
New Report.
There being no objection, the Senate
proceeded to the consideration of execu-
tive business.
The PI3.E$i.DING OFFICER (Mr. GRA-
vEL in the chair). The nomination on the
Executive Calendar will be stated.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA COURT OF
APPEALS
The bill clerk read the nomination of
Frank Q. Nebeker, of Virginia, to be an
associate judge of the District of Co-
lumbia Court of Appeals.
. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, the nomination is considered
and confirmed.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the President be
immediately notified of the confirmation
of the nomination.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
LEGISLATIVE SESSION
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
move that the Senate resume the con-
sideration of legislative business.
The motion was agreed to, and the
Senate resumed the consideration of
ED CATIONAL TELEVISION AND
R IO AMENDMENTS OF 1969
Mr. 4ANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask
unanim us consent that the Senate
proceed the consideration of Calendar
No. 156, 1242.
The PR SIDING OFFICER. The bill
will be sta d by title.
The BIL CLERK. A bill (S. 1242) to
amend the Communications Act of 1934
by extendi g the provisions thereof re-
lating tog ants for construction of edu-
cational t evision or radio broadcasting
facilities nd the provisions relating to
support of the Corporation for Public
Broad sting.
T PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
o ction to the present consideration of
There being no objection, the Senate
proceeded to consider the bill, which was
ordered to be engrossed for a third read-
ing, read the third time, and passed, as
follows:
S. 1242
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of
Representatives of the United Sttaes of Amer-
ica in Congress assembled, That this Act may
be cited as the "Educational Television and
Radio Amendments of 1969".
FIVE-YEAR EXTENSION OF CONSTRUCTION
PROVISIONS
SEC. 2. (a) Section 391 of the Communica-
tions Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 391) is amended-
by striking out "and" before "$15,000,000"
and by inserting before the period at the end
thereof ", and such sums as may be necessary
for each of the next five fiscal years".
(b) The last sentence of such section is
amended by striking out "July 1, 1971" and
inserting in lieu thereof "July 1, 1976".
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 Approved For Releae8R9jg AICMdMB7-iElQ 8000300130 9t3, ? 1969
$ 5046
1 ation in the and that withdrawal should be coincident
n
h
SEC. 3. (a) Paragraph (1) of subdeCtion
tk) of section 396 of the Communidations
,kct of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 396) is amended by
~nserting "and for the next nscal ye~r the
sum of $20,000,000" after . $9,000,000' .
(b) Paragraph (2) of such subseciibh is
amended by inserting "or the next] fiscal
year" after "June 30, 1969,".
e on y
South Korea is t
world to provide substantial armed with the return home of South Korean
forces to assist us- in Vietnam. More forces now in South Vietnam or at ap-
th4n 53,000 Republic of Korea soldiers proximately the same time. This would
first. stern in reducing
are now ngntmg in viebuasla a-5-
our forces. According to our military ex- tensions in the Far East, in determining
perts, they have fought hard well. just hwhat are our vital
re-
of the wo dtand in the res
ivis alua
combat. The lamed ROKa yige ~
has earned the respect of its allies and which must and will result with our dis-
in the ROK engagement from Vietnam. That disen-
foes as have her units
LIMITATION ON STATEMENTS DUR- armed forces now in combat in South gagement and withdrawal should have
ING TRANSACTION OF ROT TINE Vietnam. been made before now. With the armed
MORNING BUSINESS Of course, these troops were trans- forces of the Soviet Union and Com-
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under the ported to South Vietnam on American munist China fighting each other along
previous order, there will now be ajperiod ships and planes and are maintained their common border of more than 6,500
for the transaction of routine morning there entirely at the expense of Ameri- miles there is no longer any valid fear of
business with a limitation of 3 minutes can taxpayers. Of course, South Korea, a huge, monolithic threat of aggression
for each Senator. in reality a client nation of the United in Southeast Asia from the combined
States, was given hundreds of millions of forces of the two great Communist
dollars in addition to military and eco- powers. res
the OUR ARMED FORCES SHOUL3 BE nomic ;assistance asp a~ quid pro nd main notlhave armeandate from Almighty God
Mr. YOUNG of Ohio. Mr. President, able assistance in helping maintain the South Korea from om
for more than 16 years since the! end of Saigon militarise regime of Thieu and Ky sion and in the years since we have en-
Korean the
sands of conflict we have mat tamed in power. It is undisputed that the forces abled that little country to defend itself airmen i of GI's, marines, and more of the National Liberation Front in South against any possible future attack. It is
in n South h Korea. Today, there a1~ a more Vietnam, or VC, has the support of a time for South Korea to stand on its
than 56,000 American them servicemen sta- large majority, probably 80 percent, of own two feet.
tioned there, most of them along the the inhabitants of South Vietnam.
demilitarized zone on the 38th parallel on two occasions in recent years I had ORDER OF BUSINESS
separating South Korea and North Ko- the opportunity to visit South Korea.
rea. These men should be returned to the Compared to all we know about North The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
United States as soon as possible I mean Korea, it is a :prosperous nation. Com- further morning business?
pared to the United States, it is a poor Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Presi-
all of them except for a few thousand
military advisers and observers. nation. North Korea in such a compari- dent, I suggest the absence of a quorum.
son would be regarded as a poverty- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk
In the years following the Korean con-
fiict there was justification for our con- stricken backward nation. I visited with will call the roll.
Southg a ea. It military that i the our GI's and marines along the 38th par- The bill clerk proceeded to call the roll.
South Korea. It was obvious the allel at Panmunjom and elsewhere and Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Pres-
at that timev, for myself the hard conditions under ident, I ask unanimous consent that the
Armed Forces of the South at that
and for posh e 5 been or 10 abl e es t doerep pel by a which they live during their tour of duty. order for the quorum call be recinded.
themselves nave unable It is very questionable whether it is nec- The PRESIDING 'OFFICER. Without
second attack from em the North. essary that we continue to maintain any objection, it is so ordered.
The fact is that today Sout$ Korea Armed Forces in South Korea.
has a regular army of 550,000 mien, the it is clear that our involvement in the
fifth largest standing army in the world. civil war in Vietnam will end in a mat- CONSTITUTIONAL RESTRAINTS ON
North Korea has a standing arn4y of but t of time. I am hopeful that President ACTION REGARDING SUPREME
345,000 men. There are 17,000 mon in the jr ixon will order the withdrawal of sizable COURT JUSTICES
South North Navy aSo only; rea in numbers of men from South Vietnam Mr. ERVIN. Mr. President, for the last
that of North ained South inesea while within the next few months. In any event, 2 weeks, the Supreme Court has once 30,000 North men trained as maddit whhe it is a question of a year or 2 years at again been the center of 'public discus-
reser Korea has none. In addition, the the most before we withdraw completely sion, as it has been so often in our his-
reserve forces of South Korea number from that ugly civil war in which we tory. There is general agreement that a week. eeN men who drill at lease twice a should never have become engaged in the the situation which now exists amounts
wk1,200 Korea has The Re u force first place. , to a crisis for the Supreme Court of a
of but 1;200,000 men. ThRe iandc of At that time, and it should be much seriousness rarely matched in our his-
ser ea-ROK-standing army and re before then, the 53,000 South Korean tory. In such circumstances, the obliga-
Con-
mo es are well equipped with the most troops in South Vietnam will also be re- bons placed upon each Member of Con-
modern weapone. turned to their homeland. There can gress, on the President, and the Court
The only category of arms !tit which then no longer be any justification what- itself require thoughtful consideration
North Korea exceeds South Korea is in ever for our continuing to station thou- and a strict adherence to the Constitu-
its air force of 30,000 men, 5$0 fighter sands of young Americans in South Ko- tion.
planes, 60 light bombers, T20 , he out pters' rea. They should be returned home im- Much is at stake. More is involved even
and 27 trorce ist planes. The th en, mediately upon the return of ROK forces that the reputation and integrity of the
rean air force is composed of 2 ials men, from South Vietnam, or before. High Court. The very independence of
195 fighter planes, 10 recsance South Korea will then undeniably have the Court may be threatened. We must
planes, and 22 transport planerlaises the military and naval strength to de- all rise above passing temptations and
re-
Furthermore, South Korea with 28 fend itself against any possible attack insure that however this matter is re-
650,000 North Korea reale with its titsce 11,,4 400,010U p peo eopdpulple. as from the north. In the very unlikely event solved, the damage to the Supreme Court
North of that occurring, our warplanes sta- will be minimized.
Its economy is booming and the degree tioned in Ja?an and Okinawa are only The Constitution provides that all
as its compared that of o t oir-orea, a a few minutes distant from Korea and Federal judges shall retain office during
poverty compared to that of Nrtk Korea, a could readily come to the assistance of "good behavior," which means that
pstricken nation. the South Korean Air Force, if that as- judges have tenure for life. Excepting
Since t1951 han the li State has given sistance were required. only resignation or retirement, there is
more than u billion in In a i ossiw-
$4.6 billion in economic aid tho a in the Defense Department, should judge can be relieved of office-that is by
ance to have giveSouth
to that country. Its increasing prosperity begin immediate planning for with- impeachment according to article ' II,
is in large part a result of ou help. drawal of our forces from South Korea section 4.
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 E4766Approved F o~gR~eRzpse (A1110JT ASIA- DP7oB00~3 4R0 030013002 1969
is believed to have a majority of nineteen-
fourteen Republicans and five Democrats-
of the 35 members. And if it can be pushed
through the Education and Labor Commit-
tee, it will almost surely reach the House
floor, where the spirit of vengeance is
matched, these days, only by the mood of
panic.
It is incredible, even so, that such legisla-
tion could even be contemplated; one has to
go back to the South of a decade ago, when
communities closed their schools to save
them from Integration, to find such suicidal
folly. This bill would make mandatory the
complete cutoff of Federal assistance of any
kind to any university or college that did
not set up a rigid code of conduct, includ-
ing a table of penalties, for its students and
faculty (as if the latter were mere employ-
ees) ; however viewed, that is intolerable in-
trusion by the Government into the control
and administration of private institutions.
Since colleges themselves administer such
programs as National Defense Education
loans and the college work-study program,
they would lose Federal funds for them.
Many students who have never participated
in any kind of disorder, but who either re-
ceive these funds or ought to, would this be
penalized.
CUTTING OFF AID
The Green bill also would force colleges to
cut off any form of Federal assistance to any
student, faculty member, research fellow or
employee who had "contributed to a substan-
institution" (whatever that may mean).
This does not refer merely to student loans
and grants; the bill says specifically that the
assistance to be terminated also includes vet-
erans' benefits under the G.I. Bill of Rights;
payments of a surviving child's insurance
benefits under Social Security; and salaries of
faculty members engaged in training Peace
Corps volunteers. All these, plus loans and
grants, to be denied for a period of five years,
and almost as an afterthought, the bill adds
that if a student so penalized at one insti-
tion then transfers to another, the second
has to honor the cutoff of assistance ordered
by the first, no matter what the student's
subsequent conduct.
DANGERS OF MEASURE
The thought-control aspects of the bill
are made even more clear by the fact any
student applying for or entitled to any form
of Federal payment would have to sign an
affidavit that he had never "contributed to a
substantial disruption"; in short, behaving
as Congress commands is an absolute pre-
requisite for receiving even inherited Social
Security benefits or combat-earned GI bene-
fits.
Representatives Ogden Reid of New York
and John Brademas of Indiana, who are lead-
ing the. opposition in this repugnant meas-
ure, circulated today a number of state-
ments by college presidents denying the
need for it and pointing to its inequities and
dangers.
The college heads emphasized that such
punitive legislation would have as a pri-
mary effect the further embitterment and
alienation of a student generation already in
revolt against the standards and attitudes
of its elders. That also was a main point of
today's statement by the Commission on Vio-
lence.
Its chairman, Dr. Milton Eisenhower, him-
self a former college president, pointed out on
the commission's behalf that if "aid is with-
drawn from even a few students in a man-
ner that the campus views as unjust, the
result may be to radicilize a much larger
number by convincing them that existing
governmental institutions are as inhumane
as the revolutionaries claim."
The Violence Commission, scarcely a radi-
cal body, viewed the roots of student unrest
as lying "deep in the larger society" and one
effective remedy, it suggested, "i8 to focus on
the unfinished task of striving toward the
goals of human life that all of us share and
that young people admire -and respect."
Now there would be something really use-
ful for Congress to do. Fat chance.
partmental objections to granting of the
permit.
The Department now c nsiders the pro-
posal as a needless act of destruction of the
environment of the Nation's Capital, and
urges reconsideration of the permit previous-
ly issued for the proposal by the Department
of the Army.
The filling and the subsequent construc-
tion of an apartment building at the con-
fluence of Hunting Creek with Potomac River
GILBERT GUDE Is 'not in keeping with the widely publicized
OF MARYLAND
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, June 10, 1969
Mr. GUDE. Mr. Speaker, I have been
especially pleased with the outcome of
efforts to save the Hunting Creek area
on the Potomac from the encroachment
of developers. That the destruction of
this mar land was averted is due large-
ly to t e commendable efforts of Con-
gress n REVS, chairman of the Con-
serv ion and Natural Resources Sub-
co i.tte of the House Government Op-
er ions Committee, and of Secretary of
t Interior Walter J. Hickel. We who
e tjoy the natural beauty of the Potomac
d who are concerned that it remain
naltered according to its established
boundaries are grateful to these men for
heir timely and persistent efforts to pro-
ect this river.
The maintenance of river shorelines,
ho ever, is no more important than the
safe uarding of the river waters. It would
be in gruous from the standpoint of
conserva 'on to work for one and ignore
the other.
Potomac has
should prevail in a wa way to which all
Americans make patriots laim intensi-
fies the evil. Hence, those o who laud
the efforts of Mr. REUSS and Secretary
Rickel for their achievements i unt-
ing Creek are hoping that con ued
combinations of expertise and resolve
will yield some progress in eliminating
the pollution of the Potomac.
With these thoughts in mind, I am en-
tering into the RECORD today a copy of
Secretary Hickel's letter to Secretary of
the Army Resor, under whose authority
the permit to fill Hunting Creek would
have been issued, and a subsequent letter
from Chairman REUSS to Secretary
Hickel. Also, I am including a copy of
the April 16, 1969, Washington Post edi-
torial which reports the initial success
of the efforts to block the Huting Creek
destruction, and finally a clipping from
today's Washington Post announcing the
order suspending the Hunting Creek
landfill. I think this chronology of lette '
and reports well represents some of the
most recent and best efforts aimed at
protecting the Nation's rivers.
The material follows :
Hon. STANLEY R. RESOR,
Secretary of the Army,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. SECRETARY: I have had an oppor-
tunity to review the facts pertinent to the
issuance on May 29, 1968, of a Department
of the Army permit to construct a bulkhead
and to fill 9.39 acres of the Potomac River
at the mouth of Hunting Creek, Virginia, by
Howard P. Hoffman Associates, Inc. As you
know, on April 26, 1968, former Under Sec-
retary of the Interior Black withdrew De-
tect the values of the Potomac River. The
skyscape along the Potomac has been un-
necessarily desecrated already. The further
deterioration of "Washington's River" should
be stopped and efforts renewed to improve
the river and restore its former attractive-
ness. The Department intends to firmly con-
test any needless filling of the Potomac or
affront to its landscape. The view of the
river from our Nation's Capital parklands
and the integrity of the parklands them-
selves must be protected and preserved.
The plan as now approved involves a much
smaller area than originally considered in
1964 when the proposal to fill consisted of
a wedge-shaped tract of about 36 acres
jutting out into the river for some 2,000 feet.
But we have no reason to believe that the
original plan will not be proposed piecemeal
from time to time in the future. In fact, the
Hoffman proposal opens the door to future
enlargements, since it will create a small
bay that will be on obvious candidate for fur-
ther filling. The justification would be es-
sentially the same, that natural values have
already been downgraded by existing de-
velopments. The door should not be opened
further, even to such an apparently small
degree. The unnecessary nibbling of areas of
high public value must be stopped if we are
to maintain all the qualities of our
environment.
The Virginia Legislature has given its
sanction to the initial proposal. Yet the State
hasnot acted to complete this sanction by
formal issuance of a patent.
In spite of many assertions made that the
habitat in the Hunting Creek area has con-
tinued to be degraded, we find that since the
proposal was made in 1964, the area in ques-
tion has not lost any of its value. It still
provides a feeding and resting ground for
migratory waterfowl. It still provides a vista
across the Potomac from the George Wash-
,ington Parkway. It still forms a natural
margin for Jones Point, a Federal property
administered by the National Park Service
with a major potential for addition to the
developed parks of the Capital area. Serious
and`lrrevocable changes would occur in that
open water are between the fill site and
Jone Point should the project go forward.
Th potential of the lands along the Poto-
mac n Federal ownership should be main-
tain d undiminished in value for use by all
the people. Any fill project at the mouth
of unting Creek would not be in keeping
take a firm stand to protect the fast vanish-
ing natural shorelines of our nation.
Sincerely yours,
WALTER J. NICKEL,
Secretary of the Interior.
APRIL 10, 1969.
Hon. WALTER J. HICKRL,
Secretary of the Interior, Department of the
Interior, Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. SECRETARY: Every Member of this
Subcommittee agrees with the position you
have taken in your letter of April 3 to Sec-
retary of the Army Stanley R. Resor that
"the time has come for the Government to
take a firm stand to protect the fast vanish-
ing shorelines of our Nation."
We therefore congratulate you on your
letter to Secretary Resor in which you urge
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 A prpved F rONGRE IO AL Rg~p a ?~Q1/0302 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R0~00300130002-
Jua2e 10, ~9 69 RECORT! -Extensions or Remarks 4765
TABLE IL-NATIONAL URBAN BONDS (NUB) 5 PERCENT BOND.-Continued
5 ercent income, nontaxable __ __ _ __ __
$25
Note: At the end of the 20-year term the investor may have the original $5,000 returned.
,'500 security: 20-year bond, 10-year amortization:
5 percent income, nontaxable --------------------------------------------------
$25
A ortization allowance of face value taken tar a tax ded
25
Amortization allowance of face value taken as a tax deduction _ __
50
otal- - -~ -- ----
50
Total--- -- -- ------- -- -----------------------------------
-
r
-tom-- -
Effective savings on taxes at- 17 percent 24 pircent 25 percent
28 percent
Effective savings on taxes at- 17 percent 22 percent 25 percent 28 percent
Tax savings:
l
ar ___ __ _ - ___ _ _
$8.50
g
2 pears-------------------------------
170.00
lncom? at $25 times 20 years ------------
500.00
Taxsa ingsover 20years ---------------
170.00
Total increment___________________
670.00
Total return over 20 years (percent)___ -
134
Annuallreturn(percent)-----------------
6.7
old, red, and has six children. He h
a Ba helor Degree in Civil Engineering fro
the City College of New York and a M.P.
degr a from the New York University Grad
$11
$12.50
$14
220
250.00
280
500
500.00
500
220
250.00
200
720
750.00
780
145
150
156
7.3
7.5
7.8
, .
1
rax savings:
1 ear- -------- --- ---- -
$12,,75
$]?.50
318.75
$_21.50
years years-----------------------------------
127.50
185.00
187.50
215.00
ncome at $25 times I0years --------------------
25(100
250.00
250.00
250.00
fax savings over 10 years -----------------------
127.50
165.00
187.50
215.00
Total increment
377 50
Total return over I0 years (percent) _ ______
73.5
83.0
87.5
93.0
Annual return (percent)-------------------------
7.6
8.3
8.8
9.3
for the publication of articles and periodicals
in professional journals He recently was ap-
pointed to the New Jersey Council on the
Arts. He is listed in Who's Who in the East
CONGRESSMAN JACOBS ASSAILS
PRESIDENT NIXON ON EC-121
INCIDENT
ate School of Public Administration. He d
additional graduate work in city planning 0
Columbia University. Mr. Gersbeaa organiz d
his firm eight years ago with the express, d
purpose of providing total community dev *
opment services. The firm specializes in plan-
ing. The firm has achieved particular succe*s
in creative planning and development and
has been responsible for many successful
planning, urban renewal and housing pro-
grains for the development of over 5,000
dwelling units of housing in New Jersey.
DI#ring the past several years, Mr. Gel
and nowledge in housing and developme
problems by preparing leeislatIve progral
in New Jersey and West Virginia. Forem
among these programs, were his services
decades by the New Jersey Legislature. M
notable was the creation of the new Depa
menu of Community Affairs and the estab-
lishnient of the State Housing Finan~q
Agency.
Mr. Gershen was appointed in 1060 to re
resent the State of New Jersey on the Mea
owlands Regional Development Agency. 1$
joint{ publication of the paper "Develop e
Meadows" was the foundation for Meade
lands activities that culminated recently
the enactment of the Meadowlands Develo
ment Commission legislature by the State of
New Jersey. i
Mr. Gershen was formerly asset fated wi li
the New York City Planning Commission e d
also was Chief of Technical Operations of el
New Jersey Division of State and Regi at
Plan ing. He was also active in private ho e
building in the mid 1950s. He has been Pre i
dents of the New Jersey State Board of Prin4
fessipnal Planners since its creation in 19163
and is a member of the American Institute
of Planners, the American Society of Plan-
ning~ Officials, National Association of Hous-
ing and Redevelopment Officf-ale. and Na-
tional Society of Professional Rngineers. He
is as 31stant Director of the New Jersey Feti-
eratiten of Planning Officials and a licensed
professional planner In New Jersey and
Michigan and a licensed professional engineer
n New York and New Jersey. He has lectured
nd aught at the Graduate Schaal of Public
tmnistrartion, New York University, Cgl-,
?e of the City of New York rs well as
.Oers. The State University of New Jersey.
l~ a consultant to the New Jersey Cull
ee Commission and has been responsible
HON. ANDREW JACOBS, JR.
OF INDIANA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, Jur.e 10, 1969
Mr. JACOBS. Mr. Speaker, on Febru-
ary 26, 1968, when he was running, Pres-
ident Nixon delivered at Hillsboro, N.H.,
this statement:
What we can do is to not let this (seizure
of Pueblo) happen again. I say that wherever
we have-and we mus i have ships of this
type gathering intelligence so that we will
not have a surprise attack-let us make
sure that we have in the area other ships
or planes that can come to the rescue of
such a ship in the evens; that it comes under
attack.
This Administration knew that was go-
ing to happen, or at least they had reason
to know it, because this ship had been
harassed for weeks prior to the time that it
was picked up by the North Koreans.
Mr. Speaker, I now direct your atten-
tion to Presidential Candidate Nixon's
remarks in the Detroit Free Press on
September 29, 1968:
What we should have done was to bring
in the power to defend that ship or get out
of those waters. Let's not let that happen
again, and I won't let th at happen.
What happened to the Pueblo should and
will be avoided- in the future. During the
weeks before the ship was seized---when
North Korea was warning and threatening
us-we should have either moved in with
cover for the ship or we should have pulled
it out of there, I would have made certain
one of these two actions were taken. We did
neither and the inevitable occurred.
Mr. Speaker, I now direct your atten-
tion to an article by SarahMcClendon
written for the North American. News-
paper Alliance within a day or two after
the U.S. reconnaissance aircraft was shot
down by North Korea :
A high South Korean official warned Presi-
dent Nixon three weeks ago that North
Korea was going to shoot down two United
States reconnaissance planes and capture an
American spy ship. The warning, according to
a reliable source who must go unnamed, was
delivered to Mr. Nixon at the time of Presi-
dent Eisenhower's funeral by the former
South Korean Ambassador to the United
States, Il Kwon Chung.
And finally, Mr. Speaker, an item by
Mr. Richard Homan, from the Washing-
ton Post, April 26, 1969:
The United States provided fighter plane
protection for its reconnaissance flights off
North Korea "for a considerable length of
time after the seizure of the V.S.S. Pueblo
last year." But this protection was discon-
tinued before the Navy E.C.-121 was elhot
down by North Korea last week, General
Earle G. Wheeler, Chairman of the Joint
Chiefs of Staff disclosed yesterday.
It was ended-
He said-
because after using it for a certain period
of time ... we had no response in the way
of hostile activities.
In other words, Mr. Speaker, it worked
so we decided it was no good.
President Kennedy said:
It is easier to make the speeches than to
HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, June 10, 1969
Mr. BINGHAM. Mr,. Speaker, today's
article by Mr. Tom Wicker of the New
York Times as to the kind of legislation
now being seriously considered in the
House Education and Labor Committee
is most disturbing. If it is at all accu-
rate, then we are gravely threatened by
panic.
The article follows:
[From the New York Times, June 10, 1969]
IN THE NATION: How TO RADICALIZE STUDENTS
(By Tom Wicker)
WASHINGTON, June 9.-It may already be
too late to stop the punitive, unnecessary
and ill-conceived legislation against students
and universities now being seriously consid-
ered in the House of Representatives; but if
anything can halt the blundering rush of
vengeful politicians into Federal control of
education, it may be the sensible statement
issued today by the National Commission on
the Causes and Prevention of Violence.
Mrs. Edith Green of Oregon apparently
does not havethe votes to get this legislation
out of her subcommittee. So she will try to
get the full Education and Labor Committee
at its meeting tomorrow to take the hill away
from the subcommittee; for this purpose she
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 EVENING STAR DATE PAGE
91
aved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
CARL T. ROyvi- r
~.. ~ 'Energy ' data
S Planes Harvest Crucial Y
f~ ." installation
A ' t t an installation
VV ' 1.1 about as much grace
as srhle, President Nixon
has ,i flowed his campaign
brag ga oclo about what he
tart' power" like North Korea
confronted him with a Pueb-
lo-type attack.
the shooting down of an un-
a r m e d U.S. reconnaisance
plane was actually a more
brazen affront than was the
seizure of the USS Pueblo. He
told a press conference Friday
of two bic differences in two
ineiden 1. There were
doubts 9r some time as to
.t. _ ll ., _ lea-'
d
..
Pueblo ha
e
Ve ; hat the plane was
perallons of the Pueb-
theje had been no
s about the flights al-
1$0'? of them had oc-
not Q "e. a military reprisal
for attc~ that he charac-
teriz provoked, delib-
erate, wtthout warning"?
Why did e gulp down the bold
words klp used in ridiculing
President hnson's "weak"
response to a Pueblo seizure,
covering it only with the lame
hint that he might still respond
militarily?
The answer
Nixon felt he
is simply that
could not risk
reopening the Korean war
when his top priority chore is
to extricate the United States
from the Vietnam war. He
sensed that he would not have
solid U.S. backing for military
retaliation, not only because
Americans don't want another
tear in Asia, but also because
millions of Americans have
misgivings about sending out
"spy ships" and "spy planes."
Since Francis Gary Pow-
ers' U2 plane was shot down
over Russia in 1960, millions of
Americans have harbored no-
tions that these missions are
merely d ang erou scloak-
and-dagger activities by fools
and warmongers. Nixon listed
"protection of 56,000 American
boys in Korea" as his reason
for ordering surveillance
flights resumed around North
Korea. It is too bad he or
someone does not tell- the
American people more of the
whole truth about why such
"spy flights" are necessary.
The public has never been
told the true significance of
the U2 flights in that extra-
ordinary venture that was
code-named Project Chalice.
Some Americans still ask
why the Eisenhower adminis-
tration "blundered" by author-
izing the ill-fated Powers
flight of May 1, 1960, only a
fortnight before Eisenhower
was to meet with Soviet Pre-
mier Khrushchev.
flights had provide-d s1i
cially important information on priori y
about the Soviet military pos- known Ky t a Soviet and
ture. priority
Powers had flown 26 suc- in the Carpathians.
cessful U2 missions prior to Francis Gary Powers was
his ill-starred flight, only two out to get new vital infornma-
of which had' been directly tion on any or all of these
over the Soviet Union. These installations when his plane
flights, plus "Mission 4155" was rocketed down, creating
which was flown on April 16, an international furor that was
1960, caused the American to last for years.
government to revise com- Spy satellites now gather
pletely its "national esti- much of the data that the U2s
mates" as to the military cap- provided. But there is still a
ability of Russia. vital role to be played by ships
After U.S. experts analyzed and planes loaded with fan-
the U2 photographs they con- tastically sensitive electronic
cluded that they had been data. That is why the Soviets
grossly wrong as to the loca- keep e l e c t r o n i c trawlers
tion and number of Soviet mil- around the U.S. end in other
itary bases, aircraft, and mis- key parts of the wo$dz.
siles. Sometimes the !Xitormatjon
The Strategic Air Command gathered helps to maintain
did a complete re-targeting of peace in periods of stress.
the Soviet Union on the basis During the June war of 1967
of the more accurate informa- President Nasser of'Egypt and
tion provided by the U2s. King Hussein of Jordan issued
Thus these flights contribut- a false report that "U.S. air-
ed immeasurably to the secu- craft were helping the Israelis
rity not only of the United - a report probably designed
States but of Western Europe, to bring the Soviet Union into
which felt directly threatened the fray. But because of their
by Soviet rockets. intelligence gadgets, the Rus-
Why the ill-fated Powers sians knew that Nasser and
mission? Earlier flights had Hussein were lying. So they
revealed three Soviet military stayed out of the war, as did
installations about which the the United States.
United States felt an urgent Planes like the one shot
need for more information. down can provide the kind of
So, after the U2 flight of information about "enemy''
April 16, U.S. military and in- missile shots and aircraft
telligence experts gave top takeoffs that add up to the
priority to a Soviet installation "intelligence" that a country
known as Polarnyy Ural, sec- must have in deciding issues
like whether to build qn nti-
ballistics missile system. They
provide frequency information
essential to jamming enemy
radars should we ever have to
try to get "second ice"
i bombers in.
So the spy flights will coiltin-'
ue - because the President
has concluded that they are
worth whatever risk, whatever
crisis, may be involved.
01969
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 A roved R~d~ TAE t "~iV056 ffd_03001 002 b 1969
33177 pp
An unintended tribute to South Korea's
As a result, even though as many as 80 SUCC SS STORY IN SOUTH KOREA progress is the intensified campaign of har-
mployed m er recstvt maxie assment and terror carried on since late 1966
per cent of the ua nu
mum benefits longer a number of states, the HON. LEE H. HAMILTON by Kim Il Sung's North Korean regime. Early
th tem onger provides weekly standard of payments in this decade, the Pyongyang government
cent maintain a minimum standk of de- OF INDIANA may well have felt it could afford to wait
matter living for unemployed p workers. 45 to a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES patiently until the South fell like ripe fruit
etter fact the benefits paid 45 states Aril 23, 1969 into its hands. They can take this for granted
are currently below the poverty rty level yard- Wednesday, April longer. The communist government, itself
stick of the inadequate
kern. are, April issue of Foreign Affairs, Mr. Emer- bristling rearmament program and Kim as-
vln cover ever all workers.
sserts that he innds to by force if necesary, before t e end of
not RCIA local unions have been able son Chapin in "Success Story in South
Many. o
to negotiate supplemental unemployment Korea" concludes that Korea "has be- sula, la
compensation benefits. But this is an inade- come one of the success stories of the U.S. 1970.
attempted raid on the Presidential
mansion in Seoul by on the trained team
quate substitute for a thorough moderniza- assistance program." The
tion of the structure on a nationwide basis Having recently returned from a North Korean agents carefully Januae of last
ear, closely followed by thg seizure of the
ployed provide workers. proper protection for all unem- survey trip to South Korea, I commend yof 31 in
the following article especially to those of United States intelligence ship Pueblo,
To bring about a comprehensive revision
of the unemployment compensation sys- my colleagues who have not seen first- brought to world attention the intensiflca-
tem, the AFL-CIO Department of Social se- hand the relative political stability and tion of the military confrontation that began
n ately
of this when six
progress
omme has prepared a model law, and it g_ sthe i mallnpyetsiVrugCgO dly nomica ti-Communist slain i oambush bylcoemmunistinfiltrators
curity
AF- all states. The eonn during the visit of President Johnson in No-
t
term erm goal of the adoption
and salt goal of the AFL-CIO is to bring all wage country: vember 1966. The extent to which American
and salaried workers into the protection of SUCCESS STORY IN SOUTH KOREA military strength in Korea had been depleted
the system. (By Emerson Chapin) because of priorities for Viet Nam was re-
f excluded m eewee than four uded are workers, establishmagriculturalents worrk with - It was only a few years aago that outh veale dung the Puebl crisis. chaos zatioon of South Ko ea'sl arge forces h dealso ployees t of agricultural processing es- Korea, wracked by poverty, political Now that situation has
tab ablishshmen ents, non-profit institutions, state e and and popular discontent, was widely regarded long been lagging.
-
and local governments, subcontractors, and as a sinkhole of American aid. Now this small, been to a large extent corrected and the 'Unit
has repeatedly warned
inidus working
have an employmentrrelationship. in re alive political stability and is m king im- the North Koreansnthatt their campaign of contract who Further, the present regulations for quali- pressive economic progress. It has become one provocation and terror could have dire conse-
fying for benefits are arbitrary and restric- of the success stories of the 'United States quences. There is now little doubt that, any vert
across
orean attack
North
the tive and should be brought up-to-date: The assistance program. How did this startling re- tars zed zoneKcould provoke general armlln-
AFL-CIO recommends that: versal come about. ear to
1. Employment should not 'be required in Officials familiar with South Korea's history deed many South Korean generals app provo
tions more than two quarters of the base year, since the war with the ingredients for Isucce s had been vide anaexcuse forh`hot pursuit allnthe way
2. Low wage earners should not have to sit that the work longer than high wage earners to estab- there for a long time, however obscured they to the Yalu River." Officially, Seoul's o ec-
lish their right to benefits. may have been in the dark days of the early tive is to build up the nation's economic and
3. Outside limits should be defined as fol- 1960s. They are convinced that the apparent political strength until, in President Park's
lows: Where a multiple of the weekly bene- miracle is genuine and likely to continue, al- words last October, "it cannot be curbed at all
fit amount is used, it should not require base though as Assistant Secretary of State Wil- and will overflow into North Korea, thus be-
year earnings of more than 30 times the liam P. Bundy has pointed out: "While coming a current for national unification."
weekly benefit amount; where a multiple of Korea's achievements are considerable, its it
high quarter is used, it should not require major problems require that they be kept in the Koreans are a tough, resilient
of
perspective." people is the re re a tough, resilient
base year earnings of more than one and one- That
half times high quarter earnings whether Economic growth was at the rate of 7.6 per- a national identity and culture despite in-
expressed as a multiple of the weekly benefit cent annually over the 1962-67 period, with cursions over the centuries by the Mongols,
amount or of high quarter earnings. That is, an 8.4 percent rise in 1967 and a surprising Manchurians and Chinese. Japanese, Chinese
urtu Chinese
when the weekly benefit amount is one- 13.1 percent for 1968, but it started from a and Russian armies fought over Korean
1945
twentieth of the high quarter earnings, the very low base. The living standard is per- and from the turn of this century earnings be
base year the week should benefit not mamount. than ceptibly rising, as indicated by the sale of Japan exercised a stern occupation rule that
30 times the weekly not b be e required new homes, television sets, refrigerators, more sought to stamp out national feelings and
4. A claimant should d not food and better clothes; but per capita in- traditions. After World War II the country
meet more than one formula or type of come is still not much above $140 a year, deep was cut in half, without reference to the
wage qualifying requirement. pockets of poverty exist and the gap between wishes of its own people. The arbitrary divi-
Regarding payments, a flexible maximum urban and rural income has been growing, sion along the 38th Parallel separated the
weekly schedule should be set up so that Although considerable progress has been more industrialized. 38th Parallel with most of the
benefits will automatically keep pace with made toward democracy, the overriding need country's natural resources, from the densely
wages. , for stability and order and the government's populated, largely resources, South.
The Federation recommends that weekly vigilant anti-communist policy lay a heavy
benefit payments should be equal to two- hand across certain sectors of society. How- The after the savage age war r that that raged ged f for r thhree ree years
ears North Korean In 1950
thirds of the worker's full-time earnings, and ever, to those familiar with the spirit of de- caused more than 800,000 military and civil-
in no case be less than one-half. This amount featism that so long prevailed among the Ian casualties among South arrand vil-ns, should be computed on the gross earnings Korean people, the key element is a new property losses estimated at $3 billion and
on those weeks of the base year when wages feeling of self-reliance and self-assurance
co of the the population d hooffmeless.
less.
were highest. that has begun to pervade the country. "We mInade addition 25 25percent
and industrial managers to work
Every claimant should be entiorev to at can do it ourselves" has become the motto technicians , mm 6,000
least 26 weeks under state law. For variable for a people who long were inclined to ask: to the North. An already poor country was
duration provisions, this should be the mini- "How can we ever succeed?" made much poorer.
mum rather than the maximum. The United States helped to pave the way Even without the effects of the war, the
The "waiting week" should eliminated by patient investment which kept this war
with food and South Koreans had major handicaps to over-
fewat weeekseast of f unemployment. aoretroactively after a shattered nation supplied come. Years of Japanese occupation had left
feother necessities, laid an fntrasal re re in a a majority of the people illiterate in their
Unemployment compensation should be land almost devoid of natural resources, own language. Subordination of native
paid during labor disputes: created educational opportunities, built sev-
t
In the case of lockouts; eral layers of experienced administrative per- Koreans there were in few the trained colonial and e regime xperi meeant nced an that
Lay-offs during negotiations; sonnel and ended Korea's International isola- there rotors. But Japanese xp r ience id-
An employer violation of any state or Fed- tion. Political stability, painfully attained stead of crushing Korean nationalism, stirred
oral labor law, or any arbitration decisions; under the Park Chung Hee government after only a more intense patriotic feeling, ehan-
To workers not directly interested in the la- a period of crisis and strife, established a cli- neled into oppositionist activity. Those who
bor dispute; and mate in which businessmen and others could
exile or h Korea'ads de leaders after themsel 1945 ves had r been
en
If a labor dispute occurs at a location other look to the future, inflation could be checked became
than the worker's place of employment, and coordinated planning begun. Once the ante an o ha dev experience el the to re is
e
The model statute also includes provisions watershed was passed, momentum built up tancC o had governing little This experience, poupiv-
to secure the soundness of the funds, includ- rapidly, Austerity and hard work paid off. wiph the outspoken, often contentious
ins least raising of the taxable wage base to Three years ago, the United States aid mil- Korea reconstruction character, prm much of the national
at least the $7,800 used by the e social security redu ed. expanding; now it is s being rapidly Korean ction meant that h the long
system.
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 April 4VppMeed For-ft
t I'
B
jflAIP WW.pF~d4~-F PPISl pO0 e64Remar 00S300130002-9 E3 E 33)1-5
u
m hopeful that the program will pro-
volts more head-nodding than head knot k-
ways/airports legislative package-a package
that has
l
I have one final thought this morning
As
ing, that it will produce more open doors thin
rea
substance to it-and to com-
mend th
.
we discuss the future of aviation over thes
clo ed minds, and that there will be more
at package to all of civil aviation.
Now
h
e
next few days, and as we consider what auto-
agreement than argument. Like any plan-
, w
ere are we going to get the sub-
stantial
o
mation will do for us, let's bear in mind that
ni~g effort, this exercise Is a means to an
res
urces we need?
Th
l
i
flying and flight control are still tasks that
en -a point of departure toward a now
e
eg
slative program we have proposed
to the C
people do best. Planning is also a peo
le
or r of understanding of where we're going
ongress faces up to the fact that
lar
e o
tl
p
function. We're not about to automate the
an what it takes to get there.
g
u
ays of funds are essential if we
are to maintain the high teem of safet
man out of the system. As we move farther
make. One: we're not going to get anywhere air rave . controller will become more and more the
The new and expanded airways program manager of a ground-based system, just as
in !terms of building a more effective, cull- contemplated by the Administration will re- the aircraft commander will be increasingly
cie$lt system if we persist in oCinipartmental- quire a very substantial investment for the the manager of an airborne system.
izing civil aviation in our thinking or to automation of the air traffic control system, I think crew acceptance of the new system
praictice. As we said on page `two of one of as well as other new terminal facilities and_..+avITI come 1Iy, for it will upgrade rather
the books we put in your hadrds before you equipment. And it would double the existing than downgrade the pilot's role. At the same
came here, the National Aviation System in grant-in-aid program
.
i
s
t
b
roadest sense
"
encom
time it will
e
t
pass
s
he mane-
greatly increase his efficiency and
facturers of aircraft airframes nines and To help finance these expend"y~' es, we the overall safety of his aircraft.
components; g have proposed additional taxes on~/the users, Automation offers the opportunity to re-
the private, business, and asr- since the users are the princi i heneflef-
line oneratora of wirnrc,ff' +v, -- --
iu is wurcn noting at this o t that when 11RD C`? Lime aevlces will
vie rs of the airways, the airports, and we reduce sehedu e I this piith sa fety- be his dependable slaves, while his own tal-
gro nd access facilities and services through improved facilidelays ties, will virtual- ents are freed for matters requiring the exer-
rtually anything that's a problem r eliminate the vast waste of esources-fuel case of his judgment not his muscle.
any one segment of the civil aviation so-
Th
equipment and With
e talents essentil tiil
crews. ut going intoao cv aviation will
ciet is also a problem for its other membeis, the other costs Implicit in current dela s, not diminish in the future; they will grow,
or I terferes in some way with the effectis I ...,a y
The National cxeeeds 880 million for the car ers._ ion proauotlvity will increase in direct
Aviation Systeba Plan then;;- These dollars are the debt ervice on a uaproportion to the wisdom, the energy, and
on
fore', must meet the needs of civil aviathn Billion dollars which these same sets could the quality of leadership we assert in plan-
Its broadest sense, over and above the
i
employ productil Adl n
ng the course adoli
vey.n uness accom-n cmpexon of the Na-
desires of any of its artificial divisions. plash the improvements we. seek to c e with tional Aviation System.
According to the Federal Aviation A the rapid growth in r transpo tion,
passed by the 85th Congress than-and-a._rxn'f t.
tIo
n periods of feast and famine in terms of pub-1
of 'vii aviation in such marlxlr as to
fostsr its development and ~eraa, and i to tic sympathy or fiscal support for civil avia-
fostDr for the safe and efficient ause nd tf Lion facilities. Neither can we afford to vacil-
pro4de f r t bsaf civil and military late on equipment requirements or opera-
the t airspace by ah tional procedures that can mean life or death
at emphasis on "civilBiation? in a crowded sky. We must recognize the re-
"ci 1 and mists aircraftl a is own As alities of air transportation as they exist
I to k on it there are only two classes cA f today and will exist tomorrow, and make a
avid ion civil and military. The mall sustained effort to establish both the near-
-1 term and long-range capabilities those re-
legi lation identified civil aviation as a
.
entity, not a conglomerate; thet is the alities demand.
wa'7 Tha ennnn.a ....x?a r
family are well represented here today. Our ale years of this century have been remark-
purpose is a mutual one-to bring into belly,' ably
busy fertile tee throughout the the next next or can ea very
a new aviation system designed to acconi? simply 10 and years l-
niodate everyone who wants to By. ogy available to exploiting the science and techno
We're hard pressed to do that today, a ; Updating pdating ng us.
least In certain busy air transportation ceri and improving our airports and
ters.The forecasts have caught up with u.:. airways Is not a basic research project, an
The ;congestion that has been redieted inn big program, or a
tee:-' WPA. The
so long has arrived.' The marvel to me is p job
to is to buy and ir;tonce In It's squareyy
that the system has been elastic enough t( op usnitt, seize this once and a lifetime
absorb the growth that has occurred, coil- Opportunity, too long dormant, aage the
sisteIit with safety. quantum jump in air traffic management
Ne rly all of the industry statistics sho~ and spies safety have twhich computer-based technol-
that actual made possible.
growth has outpaced the fore. An industry that can automate ticket
casts When the National Air ace Systep scheduling, inventory oantrol, even baggage
design was established in 1964,'the forecast handling, can't afford to lag in the areas
called for handling 13 million IFR opera. where accuracy, speed, and efficiency are vital
tions a year by 1975. Yet by 197, the num-
ber of IFR operations had climbed to mote to safety!
than 116 million and the revised. e=stimate fox plemThe NAB system now : she process of amt
1975 had gone up to 33 million, tion,on is a major step ec the right
Fo tunately, this doubling in volume is direction. The short-term objective is to
well complete that system as. quickly as possible
ith in the growth capacity of the tout-
puterrbased system. But all a the other and to augment it as soon as possible with
elements in the civil aviation operations net. better means of data acquisition, more effi-
elements are not as readily expandable. At pres- want use the airspace, and increased run-
ent, there are far too many potential cholte way caapacit ties.
points in the system. These range from tit- off the One of our problems is that we can't turn
mina airspace limitations to cinch surface new resent system while os in or a th-
probl ms as inadequate access roads, de fl- neone. We can't put u;a a "closed for a de-
cienc es in baggage s" sign. The into system was e-
ggage handling, and a shortage signed to blend into the existing one, pre-
of gaile positions. serving the traffic flow and maintaining
The most immediate problems, however, re- safety standards during the transition. This
late t the lack of capacity in the airways/ is a neat trick but one that can't be per-
airports system. Our forecasts on air traffig formed overnight. Fortunately, as I have said,
growth are meaningless unless the restraints we have the technologies. All we need now
to growth are overcome. are resources and resourcefulness. I'm con-
My number one priority, therefore, will be fident that resourcefulness exists in abun-
to win support for the Administration's air- dance within our ranks.
NEEDED: A NEW SYSTEM OF UNEM-
OF ILLINOIS
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
dnesday, April 23, 1969
VA. Mr. Speaker, unemploy-
lated more than 30 years ago. Since
then, shamefully little has been done
to keep tale system realistic and effective.
have steadily advanced. AnaI?-
titled "Needed: A New System
need to modernize the present unem-
ployment compensation system, and how
it can be done. With unanimous consent,
I insert the article in the CONGRESSIONAL
RECORD, as follows:
NEEDED: A NEW SYSTEM OF UNEMPLOYMENT
COMPENSATION
Unemployment compensation laws need a
drastic upgrading to provide adequate pro-
tections for today's workers.
For the past 30 years, unemployment com-
pensation benefits have remained nearly
static because of interstate competition for
business.
On the other hand, wages and prices have
soared in this period, so the system has lost
ground in achieving its original objectives,
As a result of these disparities, maximum
weekly benefits have declined from 65 per
cent of average base wages to 42 per cent, A
$3,000 tax base which represented 95 per
cent of covered wages in 1939 now represents
only 53 per cent.
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 E 3318 Approved Fo? sI YA ROIA-RQR7Z'$ROGj3*4jg3001 2,4
can brigade (from the Seventh Division)
moved north of the broad Imjin River. A
chain-link fence, electrified in many places,
has been erected along much. of the 155-mile
line, backed up with minefields, tank traps
and explosive charges. Electronic detection
equipment has been brought in to slow the
infiltration; bloodhounds also are used. A
defense in depth, with new strongpoints con-
structed between the front line and the bust-
ling city of Seoul, only 30 miles away, affirms
the military's determination to prevent any
repetition of 1950, when invading forces
reached the capital in little more than a day.
A ring of Hawk missiles has been installed
around Seoul, which is only three-and-a-
half minutes' jet time from the border.
Last summer there was considerable con-
cern that the militant rulers of Pyongyang,
misinterpreting the lack of a military 're-
sponse to the Pueblo seizure and the raid
against the Presidential mansion, might stage
an "Israeli-type" offensive in a chosen sec-
tor, bite off a chunk of territory, then call a
halt and await the reaction, knowing that
the United States, heavily committed in
Viet Nam, wishes to avoid a serious involve-
ment in Korea. This worry was strongest
among South Korean staff officers, who lack
much of the advanced equipment of the U.S.
divisions, and whose men in the rainy season
must often spend a disproportionate amount
of time in maintenance and repair of instal-
lations, roads and bridges rather than in
combat training. High officials in Korea be-
lieve that war came very close in January
1968, when success in the attempt tp assassi-
nate President Park might well have
prompted the South Koreans to march north;
nor do they discount the continuing danger.
However, General Bonesteel has kept his
forces under strict orders to avoid escalation,
and spokesmen in the Military Armistice
Commission at Panmunjom regularly convey
stern warnings to the communists that force
will be met with force. The Seoul government
feels that Pyongyang could not desire full-
scale war in present circumstances, since this
would be suicidal without outside help. The
North Koreans could hardly want interven-
tion again by Chinese forces. As for the Soviet
Union, it must now be exercising whatever
restraining influence it can on them; and
however reckless they may be, this influence
must be considerable since they rely on Mos-
cow for supplies and weapons.
The South Korean armed forces are the
third largest in the non-communist world.
They include a 540,000-man army, a strong
air force, a small but effective naval compo-
nent and a 2 million-member militia force.
The army has 19 active divisions, including
the two serving in Viet Nam, and 10 in re-
serve. Its quality and capability are highly
regarded by American advisers and its con-
tingent in Viet Nam has demonstrated its
toughness. However, low pay for its largely
drafted servicemen, limited food rations and
shortages of modern weapons and equipment
raise complaints from top officers. The air
force has more than 300 modern planes, in-
cluding F-84s and F-86s and the F-5 Freedom
Fighter. But delivery of F-4C Phantom jets
from the United States, originally scheduled
for 1968, has been postponed until probably
the middle of 1969. Air defenses have been
dramatically strengthened, however, by mis-
siles and by a rapid buildup of American air
power following the Pueblo Incident. U.S.
supersonic fighters are now dispersed at five
major bases, many of them in concrete revet-
ments.
High officials in Seoul, still uncertain over
the motives for the Pueblo seizure and the
raid on the President's Blue House, feel that
in the long run these actions backfired by
stimulating the strong reinforcement of
South Korean's defenses. While they hope to
keep the military situation damped down,
they believe that in a combat situation they
can cope with whatever forces the North
Koreans may launch against them.
m
A rapid increase in foreign investment in-
dicates that there is considerable interna-
tional confidence in South Korea's military
security, though some businessmen believe
the current rate of investment might be sev-
eral times as high if the threat of trouble
from the North could be eliminated. A spe-
cial mission from private American industry,
commissioned by President Johnson and led
by George W. Ball, visited South Korea in
the spring of 1967 and submitted a very
favorable report. It noted the attractions of
an investment law that welcomes 100 per-
cent foreign ownership and permits repa-
triation of capital and profits on a liberal
schedule.
In the first half of 1968, Ford decided to
assemble cars and trucks in Korea, Cater-
pillar and International Harvester decided
on long-term credit extensions, and Baldwin
pianos was going into production. National
Distilleries outlined a program to produce
synthetic alcohol from petrochemicals and
Union Oil of California contracted for a
joint project to build a big thermal power
plant near Seoul. Plans progressed for a large
integrated iron and steel mill and for a large
petrochemical complex with participation by
seven important U.S. companies. A country
that five years ago had to import all refined
petroleum products now has a second major
refinery in operation, with construction of a
third and fourth under way. Total foreign
capital projects approved by the government
from 1962 to 1968 had reached 113 by late
December with $91.5 million involved. U.S.
investors head the list, with Japanese second.
Exports, which amounted to only $32 mil-
lion in 1960, rose at an average of 42 percent
annually during the First Five Year Plan.
Last year's goal of $500 million was slightly
exceeded. The target for this year is $700
million and that for 1970 is $1 billion. Ex-
ports of plywood and textiles to the United
States head the list. Industrial production
has soared, tax collections rose about 50 per-
cent last year, and unemployment and
under-employment have been substantially
reduced from the dangerously high levels
of a few years ago. Wholesale prices showed
an increase of 7.1 percent in 1968, slightly
exceeding the 6 percent that the government
had set as a desirable limit. The policy of
liberalized imports was reversed somewhat,
checks being put on such luxury items as
air-conditioners, television sets and refrig-
erators, in a move to slow consumption and
improve foreign payment balances. The Eco-
nomic Planning Minister, Park Choong Hoon,
has noted that the nation's imports were
approaching $1 billion annually, making it
about 20th among the world's markets.
Taking account of the lag in agricultural
development, the government reached a
fundamental decision in October to raise the
official price paid to farmers for rice deliv-
eries by 17 percent, thus encouraging greater
production, raising farm incomes and shift-
ing consumption to other grains. Diversifi-
cation of farming, livestock breeding, off-
season farm projects and agrobusiness ven-
tures are being promoted and the govern-
ment has recently invested In seed research
to improve plant strains.
The Second Five Year Plan, which began
in 1967, has already been revised upward,
since most of its goals appeared attainable
at least a year ahead of schedule; and the
foreign-investment goal was almost attained
last year. Marked improvement in living
standards is projected. South Korea is ex-
pected to be self-sufficient in food-grain pro-
duction and free of reliance on grant aid
from the United States by 1971. The revised
estimates indicate that the growth rate will
average 10 percent annually and interna-
tional trade will reach three times the 1965
ratte. Education will be broadened and im-
proved and science and technology, hitherto
neglected, will get more help. Perhaps most
important, the growth of population, which
pushed the crowded land past the 30-million
mark this year, is beginning to be stemmed
by a government-supported family-planning
program. The rate of increase has been cut
in five years from 3 percent to 2.4 percent;
plans call for a decline to 2 percent by 1971
and hope is voiced for reaching 1 percent by
1986.
Many economic hazards remain. Chief
among them is inflation as government budg-
ets rise almost 50 percent a year and the
amount of. money In circulation soars.
American advisers see danger in the tend-
ency of the newly confident Korean officials
to attempt too much too fast. Some projects,
such as the Seoul-Pusan superhighway, the
petrochemical complex or the integrated
steel mill may be more a matter of national
prestige than sound economic ventures under
present conditions. The economic atmosphere
is heady in Seoul these days, and Americans
hope Korean planners will not be carried
away by their enthusiasm. Nevertheless there
is rejoicing over the new mood that has re-
placed the defeatism of years past.
Corruption has almost a way of life in
Korea, as in many underdeveloped countries,
and eliminating it is an arduous process. At
the grassroots level, underpaid civil servants
are vulnerable to temptations of many sorts,
and underpaid teachers have been prone to
accept favors from parents for advancing in-
dividual pupils in the highly competitive
educational system. The Park government,
like Its predecessors, has periodically been
rocked by scandal, although the President
himself is free of any suspicion. Recently the
government, under opposition pressure, has
acknowledged gross profiteering by big busi-
ness monopolies and companies assisted by
the government in attracting foreign invest-
ment: Investigations are in progress. These
incidents have not shaken the faith of the
governing Democratic-Republican Party in
its policy of promoting big business and in-
dustry as the fastest means of spurring eco-
nomic development.
IV
Any estimate of the degree of democratiza-
tion In South Korea will depend on the stand-
ard one sets. For reasons not of their own
making, the Koreans were late starters. De-
mocracy was largely discredited in the late
1950s under Dr. Rhee and in the 1960-61
period when an elected government proved
incapable of effective rule. Now, eight years
after the military coup, the President and
the 175 members of the National Assembly,
chosen at four-year intervals, are the only
elective officials; all other posts, national and
local, are filled by appointment. All political
organizations are right of center and a prom-
inent politican has remarked that it will be
many years before the country can afford the
luxury of any organized left-of-center activ-
ity. The left-wing movement, by its squab-
bling and factionalism, has gravely impaired
its own prospects and many of its members
have joined the parties of the right. In gen-
eral, politics are more a matter of personality
than ideology-and Korean personalities are
strong.
In many sectors the harsh hand of repres-
sion has been felt: the far-reaching network
of intelligence agents is reported to have
compiled extensive dossiers on several mil-
lion people, particularly intellectuals and
student leaders. The groups that led the stu-
dent opposition to the treaty with Japan a
few years ago have been effectively broken
up, and professors who lost their jobs then
(many of them are back In teaching posts)
are not expressing their views publicly. The
universities are administered by educators
who have shown themselves friendly to the
Park regime. Opposition politicians who have.
spoken too boldly about the personal lives of
the governing hierarchy or who view com-
munism less than harshly have sometimes
been imprisoned-a situation that has not
always damaged their popularity.
Approved For Release 2001/03/02: CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 u . pp~rjed Foc6WI#wIMALOA/pBCyj1A=5Wt,Og3@$BQ,g300130002-9E 3317
energy was spent in political feuding and
in ghting.
Since the Panmunjom armistice settleme at 11 of 953, the United States has provided *cre
than $3.6 billion in aid to II`airea. This has
been supplemented by funds from i4tcr-
national aid programs and private charital-le
entrerprises. In the immediatepostwar period,
emphasis necessarily was on-relief-feeding
people, and clothing and sheltering the$n-
and on the repair of war damage. With this
went efforts to lay the j ndation for
eventual economic and industrial develcp-
mont.
By 1957 much of the war damage had en
repaired; the economic growth rate averted
5.3'~ percent annually from 19l`4 to 1957. But
as the regime of the aging President Sr:.g-
man Rhee became a prey to corruption. rep-
ression and mismanagement. this rite
dropped to 3.6 percent in the 1958-61 period
and was largely nullified bye the rapid rise
in population. Discontent- and poverty
pushed the nation to the point of stu cnt
revolution (1960) and the subsequent bl (A-
less coup of 1961, in which a military j{inta
dominated by Major-General Park Cl vng
Has displaced the inefficient and fuml#l-ng
civil government headed by Dr. John M.
Chang. Meanwhile, despite the political n-
stability, the aid program was slowly ac TIM;
results, and in 1962, having concii4o ed
that a base had been constructed for an
independent South Korean economy, .,he
United States shifted emphasis. It seldc:ed
five major areas of development de?i rued
to push the country toward an eventual elf-
suporting economy. These five priority *raas
w re power, mining, transport and cora mu-
nications, key industries, and investr xont
and agricultural credit.
Much of the credit for what has h. p-
peped since then must go to the st*o!sg,
stubbornly determined leadership of Pesi-
dent Park. With the best of intentions but
Impeded by a lack of civil admInistrativ;1 and
technical experience, his junta inauguga,ed
an ambitious five; year economic pla in
1962. Initially this faltered and many or its
projects had to be abandoned or deferred
The new regime also found Itself embrpiled
in a number of scandals. -Pressed by :he
U ted States, General Park converted his
lltary regime into a nominally civ,l:an
ernment by general elections in 1963 , nd
e r the aid and experience of many of
the old-line politicians and bureaucrats' who
had previously been denounced and puE'ed.
B fore the new administratipr could g tier
s ength it drifted dangeroly close i a
crisis point in 1964, when ecnomic depri va-
ts and pent-up frustrations seemed to be
pushing the populace toward revolution; T3ut
President Park refused to yield and star}a red
down hard on the activities of the stu4crts
and intellectual dissidents; the crisis pased.
a period of political stability followed, ;and
a umber of favorable elements finally';c}a-
le ced to provide the long-awaited turn :rp-
w rd. Progress has been at an accelerating
rate since then.
Contributing factors, in addition to Ahner-
ic n help in building an industrial base, were
t mood of stability following the estaiAish-
m nt of strong political rule. and the resrJIt-
in feeling in the government as well as In Lsi-
n s that they could plan ahead. Contrp' of
w at had threatened to become runaway In-
flation in 1963 and 1964, and the gradual
elmination of distortions is the econybiny,
b ought long-needed incentives into play.
vings were encouraged. The opport pity
tol make money has increasingly attract the
large-scale foreign investment needed for
industrial development.
American officials almost uniformly profess
admiration for the native energy and talent
of the Koreans. "We had to find several layers
off technicians in government and develop
an additional layer of competence in iridus-
tr r," said one high-ranking American in
i
Seoul. "We could provide equipment but we
had to wait for competence in personnel to
develop. Now they've got competence. There's
plenty of native initiative, and an almost
kinetic energy, but without financing there
was no way to apply their talents."
Finally, there was a general willingness to
accept American aid at fact value and wel-
come American assistance as well inten-
tioned, South Koreans are anti-communist
and in general pro-American, no matter what
occasional frictions arise. Unlike some other
Asian nations, the Seoul government did not
accept American aid resentfully, looking un-
easily for strings tha'; might be attached.
That the economic and industrial spurt
has continued unabated into this year de-
spite North Korean threats and subversion is
attributable to President Park's decision to
press ahead resolutely on the economic front
even while cooperating with the United
States in taking strong measures for military
security. There is no doubt that one aim
of the Pyongyang government has been to
create insecurity in the South, hinder eco-
omic planning and frighten off foreign in-
vestment. To some extent, its threats have
succeeded in stirring uneasy feelings and
fears among both the urban and rural popu-
lace. But the President has told the people
that continuing the drive for prosperity is
equally as important as military prepared-
ness in thwarting the communists. In addi-
tion to promising that South Korean would
repulse all aggression, he has warned that
"if North Korea triggers an all-out attack on
the South, we should counterattack imme-
diately and take this opportunity to achieve
national reunificaticn, thus resolving, on
our own initiative, the national tragedy of
territorial division."
The possibility of a South Korean "over-
reaction" to Northern provocations is one
of the prospects that troubles the United
Nations Command in Seoul. This Command,
under an American officer, General Charles
H. Bonesteel 3d. has jurisdiction over the
Republic of Korea forces in Korea, 550,000
strong, as well as the U.S. Eighth Army,
about 50,000 strong. It has been the aim of
the United States military to resist firmly
all North Korean attempts to stir up trouble,
but otherwise to "cool" the situation and
maintain first priority for Viet Nam.
There have been periodic clashes with the
North during what has become the world's
longest military armistice. The Command
nevertheless tended for many years to main-
tain a fairly relaxed attitude along the 155-
mile-long demilitarized zone. Not so now.
In years past it was assumed that the com-
munists would not risk a general war, and
American troops performing onerous and
often dangerous duty in the front line
dubbed Korea "the forgotten front." Now,
however, the actions of Kim Il Sung have
led some observers to believe that he might
indeed be tempted to try to unify the
country by force. "It isn't enough to analyze
his intentions: we have to make our plans
on the basis of his known capability," one
American officer said. That capability is
strong.
The North Koreans have 350,000 men at
or close to the front line, with 8 divisions
along the demilitarized zone and 10 in re-
serve. There is a Red Guard militia of 1.2
million men to back them up. The air force
has 500 jet aircraft, including probably 60
MIG-21s operating from underground
hangars. The navy Is thought to have 186
ships, including four submarines and' 60
high-speed torpedo boats. There are known
to be 66 surface-tc-air missile sites. The
army is said to have about 900 Soviet-built
tanks and adequate artillery. Americans and
South Koreans have the highest professional
respect for the combat ability of these tough,
highly trained and disciplined fighting men.
Since 1966 the North Koreans have stressed
the training of guerrilla forces, according to
the South Korean Central Intelligence
Agency, which has played a leading role in
anti-guerrilla operations. Units of 500 men
have been established, each led by a major-
general, each assigned to a specific province
in the South. The men have undergone ac-
tual combat training in the demilitarized
zone. The number of men available for infil-
tration missions into the South has recently
been put at 36,000 to 40,000 by American
officials. In December, Kim 11 Sung tightened
his military control, purging his long-time
Defense Minister, General Kim Chang Pong,
and installing General ChoiIlyon, generally
regarded as the North's leading guerrilla war-
fare specialist.
The United Nations Command reported
543 serious incidents in the demilitarized
zone in 1068, compared with 445 in the
previous year. According to a South Korean
spokesman, a total of 172 North Korean in-
filtrators were killed out of 1,087 who at-
tempted to cross the line; most of the rest
were presumed to have been driven back into
the North. About 160 other agents and guer-
rillas were killed below the truce zone. The
U.N. forces suffered more than 150 casualties.
The resolution of the Pueblo incident, with
North Korea returning the 82 surviving crew-
men after accepting an already repudiated
"apology" from the United States, had no
apparent effect in alleviating the state of
open confrontation. In a "1968 summary"
speech at a meeting of the Military Armistice
Commission, Major-General Gilbert H. Wood-
ward of the United States declared that
'Communist North Korea has made 1968 the
bloodiest year in Korea since 1953" and
charged that its aggressive activity "involved
assassination, terror, cold-blooded murder,
kidnapping, mutilation and brutal attacks
against U.N. Command personnel."
Between October 30 and November 2, the
North Koreans put ashore 120 agents from
high-speed boats along the mountainous
east coast area in what was believed to be a
bold effort to lay a basis for an eventual cam-
paign of guerrilla warfare on the Viet Nam
model. By January 10, a total of 110 of these
men had been killed and 7 captured, but
the South Koreans were compelled to mobi-
lize 40,000 regular soldiers and militiamen
and initiate a large-scale security program
to protect farm famiiles from terrorism in
the remote rural region. President Park has
predicted that Pyongyang will increase its
infiltration of guerrillas and agents, and U.S.
analysts have expressed concern over what
they believe may become a program of sub-
version patterned on that pursued by the
Hanoi regime in South Viet Nam in the late
1950s prior to the outbreak of open warfare
in Viet Nam.
But there are important differences be-
tween South Viet Nam and South Korea.
Northern agents usually Sind themselves
conspicuous and are quickly detected when
they appear either in cities or in rural areas
of the South. A system of high rewards for
reporting enemy agents and severe penalties
for concealing them has proved extremely
effective: even family members returning to
their old homes from the North after years
of separation usually are turned in to the
authorities. The Seoul government has an-
nounced that it has broken several large rings
of agents, including one that operated on the
big island of Cheju fifty miles off the south-
ern tip of the peninsula. Both Korean and
American officials are convinced that the
people of the South, with memories of the
war years, will remain hostile to overtures
from northern agents, but there is some
nervousness about how the population would
react to a widespread campaign of terror
throughout the countryside.
In the rugged country north of Seoul,
American and South Korean troops main-
tain a state of extreme alert. Since early
1968, defenses have been reinforced, all posi-
tions heavily sandbagged and another Ameri-
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 E 3U0 roved For F Q a ~ 0$~~1 2~ 5 36 300tQ v 1469
Altho g the carpenters had a no-strike i
clause in their contract, they called in "sick" ribbon commission to examine a number to severe penalties for violation of the oath.
for 15 days; finally, tconstruction firm of important questions regarding the In the long history of the census, there has
worked out a compromise. the
se. Peace, however, Census Bureau including whether or not never been a violation of the confidentiality
proved to be Impermanent, The union car- the decennial census can be COndUCted ':of the information given.
penters insisted that they be paid not only on a voluntary or partially voluntary 3. Question. Would the 1970 census yield
for installing the doors but, in effect, for the basis. adequate results if the response were volun-
processing work done on the doors (by mem- I am happy to in rt into the RECORD tary rather than mandatory?
bers of another carpenters' local, inciden- at this
Point the tter I received Answer. of response to a mandatory c ar n q falls
tally) before the doors were received. from far short of response to a inquiry.
That, not surprisingly, was received. much for the Secretary, as/well as an enclosure Since the first Decennial Census in 1790, re-too the contractor to swallow. He stood fast, even which explains a purposes and uses of sponse has been mandatory. It is so in every
though he is being assessed $100 a day by the 1970 censu information: other country of the world where a census
the Corps of Engineers for failure to com- THE S RETARY OF COMMERCE, is conducted. Professional statisticians will
pietThere y tproject. Was ington, D.C., April 17, Y969. testify that a voluntary census would be un-
te the h certainly is unfairness In this situa- Hon. WILLIAM . CRAMER, reliable and practically useless. A voluntary
tion but somehow we can't see that the NLRB House of Repr sentatives, procedure would yield distorted and deficient
has put its finger on it. Washington, C. statistics ics for whole groups of uld very likely
and
DEAR BILL: he main purpose of this letter entire areas. This procedure would very likely
is to advise u of some immediate changes be especially prejudicial to low-income
ADMINISTRATION COMMENDED
FOR CHANGES IN 1970 CENSUS
HON. WILLIAM C. CRAMER
OF FLORIDA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
in census pr cedure which I have ordered, groups,
These chang include a substantial reduc- 4 Question.
uses the census results?
Census d
tion in the n per of individuals who will be Answer. Census data are used by every Fed-
asked to resp d to the longer census forms, eral government department, State and local
Approximate) three million households governments, and the private sector. Many
previously desi Hated to receive a 66-question laws depend upon accurate census reports.
form will now receive a questionnaire con- Questions such as those on housing are spe-
taining only 23 uestions. ciflcally required by statute. Government
Questions rel in to the adequacy of ment programs on poverty, housing, educa-
t
welfare, agriculture, transportation,
kitchen and bat coin facilities have been
t
ve
o
,
erans, and senior citizens require and
reworded to remov any implication that the ve
Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker
rely upon the census tabulations Man
I am government is rote sted i
of
k
,
y
n
nowing with
pleased to note that the administration whom these facilities ay be shared. the decisions of the Congress would be al-
The Secretary of Co merce is exercising most impossible in the absence of reliable
has ordered a sharp reduction in the census data.
number of questions
sharp to be asked in the greater supervision ove the general opera- These questions are illustrative of those
1970 decennial census, as Well as a. re- tions of the Bureau of th Census and inde- which t ave '
en a
st
----?_--?- vase on census matters. sores. nnulused is a
questions. The questionnaiwhich be mailed to memorandum which h explains in more detail
re
Last month , I expressed to Commerce households in 1970 will be ace P
by a If
the and uses of census you r have questions concerning othea 1970
Secretary Maurice H. Stans my belief cover letter explaining the g f~at need for census we would be pleased to discuss them
that many of the questions which were census data and emphasizing tl~e confiden- with you at your convenience.
drafted by the previous administration tiality of all responses. ~~
citizen. I also introduced a bill designed
to limit the questions to be asked.
I am happy to report that by letter
dated April 17, the Secretary advised me
that he has ordered a number of changes
in the census questionnaire. For example,
80 percent of the American people will
only be asked a total of 23 questions.
Fifteen percent will be asked 66 ques-
tions and only 5 percent will be asked
the full 73 questions.
In addition, the Secretary has either
deleted or reworded a number of objec-
tional questions dealing with the ade-
quacy of kitchen and bathroom facilities
to remove any implication the Govern-
ment wants to know with whom they are
shared.
I believe these revisions are a step in
the right direction. In light of the fact
that the extensive preparation for the
1970 census was already completed by
the previous administration, it appears
that more extensive changes, although
desirable, could not be instituted with-
out delaying the census entirely.
I, therefore, endorse and applaud the
administration for making these zero-
hour revisions of longstanding plans for
the census in an attempt to overcome the
objections that have been voiced and I
am especially gratified that the Secre-
tary has already committed himself to
take further steps to be implemented in
future censuses, including submitting
proposed questions to Congress 2 years
in advance of future censuses, increas-
ing the number of representatives of the
general public to advisory committees
which contribute to the formulation of
census questions, and appointing a blue-
Wednesday, April 23
1969
being implemented immediately, t ese fur
ther steps will be implemented after a 1970
census: (1) proposed questions will sub-
mitted to the appropriate Committe s of
censuses; (2) an increased number of re
sentatives of the general public wilt he
sus questions; and (3) a blue-ribbon Com
mission will be appointed to fully examine
a number of Important questions regarding
the Census Bureau, including whether or not
the decennial census can be conducted on a
voluntary or a partially voluntary basis. The
Commission would also examine and offer
proposals for modernizing and improving the
operations of the Census Bureau.
. Because the 10-year lapse of time between
decennial censuses can result in unfamiliar-
ity regarding their nature and purpose, I felt
It might be helpful to provide you with some
basic datay and information concerning the
results are put.
Some of the most frequently asked qu
tio
l
ns, a
ong with my answers, follow:
1. Question. Is the 1970 census more
tensive than previous censuses?
1 Answer. No. The number of questi
MAURICE STANS,
Secretary of commerce.
PURPOSES AND USES OF 1970 CENSUS
INFORMATION
1. NAME, SEX, RACE, DATE OF BIRTH, AND MARITAL
STATUS
Questions 1 through 12 are designed to
identify household occupants by name, re-
lationship to head of household, sex, race,
age and marital status. These questions will
be asked of 100 per cent of the population.
2. THE HOUSING QUESTIONS
The Census of Housing, required by act of
ongress in 1940 (13 U.$.C. 141)
contains
,
hirty five (35) questions regarding the ade-
ul
-.. 1.. p
a-
lon; five will be asked of 20 per cent; five will
of 5 per cent. Some sample questions and
comment on their uses follow:
Kitchen and bathroom
Question H-3 (100 per cent) : Do you have
complete kitchen facilities?
^ Yes, for this household o
l
n
y.
s' ^ Yes, but also used by another household.
^ No complete kitchen fa.nilities for thi
s
Question H-7 (100 per cent) : Do you have
to bathtub or shower?
age household heads to be queried in 1970, CommentLi1The absen eeof a kitchen and/
four of five will answer 23 questions, three or ?a bathroom for the exclusive use of the
of twenty will answer 66 questions, and only household is a major indicator of urban
one of twenty will answer 73 questions. Un- blight and slum conditions. This information
der certain unusual circumstances, some is needed by HEW, HUD and other Federal,
household heads will be asked to a.newar an a+e+_
,___. _ ____ .
and
vac be ' `y"`? i I" `- Question H-11 (100 per cent : If you live
y protected' in the 1970 census? in a 1-family house which you own or are
Answer. Yes. Whatever a respondent re- buying-
ports remains strictly confidential under the What is the value of this property, that is,
law. Every employee of the Census Bureau how much do you think this property (house
takes an oath of confidentiality and is subject and lot) would sell for if it were for sale?
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 ,,r_Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
Apri4 23, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD --Extensions of Remarks E 3319
Nevertheless, foreigners who go to Korea
expecting to find a repressive polt a state are
likely to be pleasantly `surprised.-Politicians'
are outspoken and election camigns have
been waged with considerable het. There is
little doubt, in fact, that if his" opponents'
had been able to submerge theitlifferences
and wage a united campaign, Prrk Chung
Hee would have been defeated-lb his first
Presidential race in 1963. News s tend to
be generally critical of the g rrnment-=
critical of almost everything i"sometimes
seems--reflecting the tradition & resistance
that dates back to the Japanese-dreupation,
National Assembly debates are Men stormy
and sometimes violent, for onsitionists
there,, at least, have a public pia arm where
they cannot be muzzled. !
Though various ministers hare` come and
gone, the Cabinet headed by Pr~ier Chung
Ii Kwpn has preserved an unuSRll continu-
ity. Mr. Chung, former Chief of'gt:aff during
the Korean War and later Anltassador ih
Washington, has held office fDi five years.
Though the Park government 9 nominalI
civilian, seven of the ministers .ry.re retired
generals and 25 other former-" nerals are
members of the National Asse tly. Twelve
of South Korea's 29 aixribassadors a broad arc
former high military men and 'ree-fourths
of the state-run enterprises an: companies
supported by government Invrnent have
retire1 generals as their presidents.
For some time attention haseen focuses
on the Presidential election or 1971, whey
President Park reaches the end`bf the eigh-
years: which he is constitiiftnally per.
matted to serve. Fears are bein voiced the"
the President may find it advTsa e to ametia'.
the Constitution or suspend h'a'nder a c1 c-
larat4on of emergency In order to continue:
his leadership and prevent it disastroii1;
struggle for power. After havinkinitially de-
nied) any intention of seeking a constitu-
tional amendment, leaders of" the govern-
ment party have begun this year to tolls
publicly about such a step as" a means
assuring "public stability." Dr'u Chin 01-
the ',brilliant constitutional scholar and fbr-
merjuniversity president whops been le8ci-
ing !the opposition New Denideratic Part r.
stresses that Independent South Korea Tsar
not yet had a normal constitutional trangf.a
of power and declares that a ft-a1 successlcn
is the very essence of the demgCratic prose. g.
Following the 1967 general e tions, w$'ich
prompted some well-grounded charges, of
fraud and rigging, the government party u w
holds a little less than two-thirds of the
Assembly seats, but with the support o 12
independents it has adequate strength to
force through an amendment. The coshse-
quenees might be grave.
There is also speculation about the p a#ss
and prospects of Kim Jong Pi1, 43 year of
age, long President Park's right-hand an,
who as a lieutenant-colonel- provided th di-
recting force In the 1961 coup, served ass the
organized the Democratic-Republican Party
as the vehicle for the changeover to Civil
rule. He went into political exile twice hjen
his rivals seemed to have the
upper 17d,
and last May, finding his position gain
being eroded, resigned from the the arty
this declaration seriously. Whether, the
President might designate him as his stic-
c0ssor, and whether this would precipi to a
destructive political struggle, are a early
topics of keen interest in Seoul.
!Much of the new confidence so p
my
In-
ternational standing. The normali tion
eaty with Japan, finally pushed th iigh
tern 13 years of off-and-on negotiations
With the old enemy, went far toward re-
moving a national inferiority compleN. It
opened the door to $800 million in grant,
1 an and investment aid Prom Japan over a
10-year period, eased long-standing mistrust
and brought two complementary economies
Into possibly fruitful relations. The difficult
decision to send troops to Viet Nam and
their impressive performance there has given
South Koreans a feeling that they are now
playing an important role in the interna-
tional containment of communism while re-
paying a debt to the i,llied nations that
carne to their aid in 1950.
south Korea has also ended her long in-
ternational isolation by seeking a significant
role in regional and international affairs. It
wan largely Korean initiative that brought
about the nine-nation conference in Seoul
in 1966 which gave birth to the Asian-Pa-
cific Council (ASPAC), and South Korea
has continued to play a prominent role in
this organization, advocating recently that
Its, members, except for Japan, be linked in a
collective security grouping as envisioned by
President Nixon. Koreans provided the initial
impetus for the 1966 Manila Conference.
President Park, Premier Chung and other
officials have traveled widely In Asia, seeking
to make their country and their policies
better known. South Korean missions have
been. dispatched on long tours through Asia,
Africa and South America to promote good
will and offset the diplomatic efforts of the
Pyongyang regime, backed by the com-
munist bloc, in the co:atinuing contest for
support among United Nations members.
Reunification remains the overwhelming
national goal, and the Republic of Korea,-
the only Korean government recognized by
the international organization-remains
committed to the United Nations formula
for reunification: nationwide elections under
U.N. supervision. Though the annual debate
on the "Korean question" at the United Na-
tions attracted little outside attention, it
long remained a vital :matter for the South
Koreans, an indicator cf the degree of Inter-
national support for their regime against the
intensified communist offensive. When the
item finally was removed from automatic an-
nual consideration on the Assembly agenda
last year, the voting indicated that South
Korea retained substantial majority support.
The demarcation line running near the
38th Parallel in Korea Is probably the most
tightly closed border i:a the world and there
presently seems little prospect of loosening
it. After two decades of living with this bar-
rier, the South Koreans have achieved a re-
markable degree of political stability and
economic growth; they probably have not
yet reached the point where they can hold
on to one without the other.
HON. MARGARET M. HECKLER
OF MASSACHUSETTS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, April 23, 1969
Mrs. HECKLER of Massachusetts. Mr.
Speaker, the southern end of the 10th
Congressional District of Massachusetts
has for 31 years profited from the wis-
dom of Edward J. Delaney, editor of the
Fall River Herald News. Mr. Delaney has
decided to retire from his newspaper ca-
reer at this time. I know I speak for all
the citizens of Fail River and the sur-
rounding communities served by the
Herald when I say that Mr. Delaney's
guiding hand will be sincerely missed.
In his quiet but deliberate way, Ed
Delaney established high standards for
the Fall River community. As a news-
paperman and an editor, he has truly
served his Nation t:.lrough the community
in a way much needed in our country
today.
I know that my colleagues join me in
saluting his outstanding career and wish-
ing him a fruitful and satisfying retire-
ment. A most fitting tribute expressed by
Ed Delaney's associates on the Fall River
Herald News on April 12, 1969, follows:
EDWARD J. DELANEY RETIRES
Edward J. Delaney, who has just retired
after 31 years as editor of The Herald News,
has been a major figure in the public life of
Fall River all that time. Throughout his
career he has had the best Interests of the
city and this area at heart. As the editor of
The Herald News, he worked tirelessly to help
Fall River through its difficult transition
from the industrial patterns of the past to
those of the age of technology.
In the course of his long career as an editor,
Edward Delaney naturally became well known
to virtually everyone in public or political
life in New England and in the nation. He
was respected everywhere and by everyone
as a newspaperman and a humanitarian. He
was, however, averse to publicity, and when-
ever possible, shunned the spotlight. Al-
though his opinions were sought by everyone
interested in promoting a civic cause, he
never imposed them on anyone. He was al-
ways glad to help, always prodigal of his time
and energy, but invariably preferred to re-
main in the background when public ac-
knowledgement was given.
His assistance In making the United Fund
a reality, In the development of SMTI and
Bristol Community College, in promoting the
Fall River Development Corporation and in
numberless other causes was Invaluable. So
was his private assistance to numberless in-
dividuals who needed help of all kinds. His
generosity in all ways was his salient charac-
teristic In public and private.
Now, as he retires into what everyone
hopes will be many years of health and
pleasure, he takes with .him the genuine af-
fection of the entire staff of The Herald
News and the genuine good will of the city of
Fall River. He served them both well.
HON. 0. C. FISHER
OF TEXAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, April 23, 1969
Mr, FISHER. Mr. Speaker, another
strange decision has been handed down
by the National Labor Relations Board.
Entitled "Unfair" the action is discussed
in the April 23 issue of the Wall Street
Journal. The editorial follows:
UNFAIR
At the Scott Air Force Base In southern
Illinois, the National Labor Relations Board
has held a St. Louis contractor guilty of an
unfair labor practice. What, exactly, was the
contractor doing?
Well, it seems he refused to bargain with
a carpenters' union on a disputed issue. A
description of that issue tells something of
what's wrong with labor relations generally,
and especially with the Federal involvement
in them.
The construction firm, putting up two new
barracks on the base, purchased 300 prema-
chined wooden doors. When the doors arrived,
the carpenters union insisted that its mem-
bers be given the unloading job usually
handled by lower-paid laborers. (If you
haven't noticed, construction pay runs high;
the average worker's hourly earnings far ex-
ceed those of any other production-worker
group.)
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA- gP710?A64R00030011 9229, 1969
H 3008 CONGRESSIONAL RECO-
way has reduced fears of such a famine tary and humane means consistent with
in the 1970's, I believe that no "green basic human rights and individual con-
revolution," unaccompanied by a parallel science bring about the stabilization of
revolution in population growth rates, the population of the United States."
can long delay massive hunger. My hope is that congressional and pub-
f thi
d
We are told that Latin America's
hundreds of millions will double within
the next generation. Can anyone believe
that political and economic stability can
be achieved there in the face of that kind
of growth?
We see hunger in America. We witness
almost daily disruptions of our campuses,
occurring coincident to the largest influx
of new students in colleges ever.
We have come to realize that popula-
tion growth and density are related to
the problems of our cities, to problems
of poverty, racial strife, transportation,
the rotting of central cities, and the ugly
and formless sprawl of suburbia.
Conservationists are beginning to see
more and more that no amount of public
and private spending will save our re-
maining wilderness, the natural beauties
of our country, or prevent the continued
pollution of soil, air, and water, if our
population continues to grow at its pres-
ent rate.
But the problem is much more than
the sum of these things. It involves
whether our children, or their children
will enjoy any of the quality of life we
enjoy. It involves whether our society
and its cherished institutions can with-
stand the pressures and demands put
upon them by rampant growth. Indeed,
it may involve whether mankind itself
can long survive its abuses of the deli-
cate balance of nature that sustains it
and all other life on this planet.
For one thing is clear: Our little planet
simply is not going to carry more life on
its surface than its natural resources can
sustain. If mankind cannot control his
numbers through humane and voluntary
birth control methods then those num-
bers will be controlled by natural or
manmade disasters.
Still, I am deeply troubled, as I know
that many of my colleagues are troubled,
about the proper role of Government in
solving the population problem. In strug-
gling with the issue in my own mind,
possible solutions collide with the basic
human rights so cherished by our so-
ciety. In short, I have a deep conviction
that governmentally imposed, coercive
population control is the very antithesis
of individual human freedom and would
be an indefensible invasion by Govern-
ment into a deeply sensitive, personal,
and private relationship.
On the other hand, I do not believe
that the current public programs, or
s
o
lie discussion of this issue-an
goal-will help to make the American
people aware of the dangers inherent
growth, and that they will respond b
incentives for other nations even more
beset than ours that now are approach-
ing the problem half-heartedly, if at all.
NIMH PRESENTS AN EXCELLENT
PROGRAM ON DRUG ABUSE EDU-
CATION
(Mr. ROGERS of Florida asked and
was given permission to address the
House for 1 minute, to revise and extend
his remarks and include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Speaker,
yesterday afternoon an excellent pres-
entation was made to the Members of
the House on the drug abuse education
activities of the National Institute of
Mental Health.
Dr. Stanley F. Yolles, Director, Na-
tional Institute of Mental Health; Dr.
Sidney Cohen, Director, Division of Nar-
cotic Addiction and Drug Abuse, Na-
tional Institute of Mental Health; and
Mr. Gerald N. Kurtz, Director, Office of
Communications, National Institute of
Mental Health, and their associates told
the Members of some new approaches
being taken by NIMH to inform the pub-
lic, and particularly the young adult
population, of the dangers of drug
abuse.
I was particularly impressed with the
audiovisual advertisements which, this
week, are being distributed to radio and
television stations across the Nation for
local dissemination as a public service.
These new advertisements are factual
and to the point. And I believe that this
will be the most effective way of stem-
ming the shocking increase in drug abuse
which we have witnessed in recent years.
I commend Dr. Yolles, Dr. Cohen, and
Mr. Kurtz and those at NIMH for the
work they are doing to meet this na-
tional problem, and at this point in the
RECORD, I would like to insert the state-
ments made by these gentlemen at
yesterday's briefing session for the bene-
fit of my colleagues:
DRUG ABUSE
(Statement by Stanley F. Yolles, M.D., Direc-
tor, National Institute of Mental Health,
Associate Administrator for Mental Health
Services and Mental Health Administra-
tion, U.S. Department of Health, Educa-
tion, and Welfare, before the Subcommit-
tee on Public Health and Welfare of the
Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com-
merce, Apr. 22, 1969)
Mr. Chairman, I am happy to appear today
to discuss the scope of the national drug
abuse problem and the efforts of the National
Institute of Mental Health in the area of drug
abuse.
Drug abuse takes a multitude of shapes. It
is the heroin user injecting his "H", the
methedrine user high on "speed," or the four-
teen-year-old sniffing airplane glue. But it
is also the suburban housewife using her diet
pills for a quick pick-me-up, the driving ex-
ecutive alternating between stimulants by
day and sleep-inducing barbiturates at night,
the urbanite needing those extra 1 or 2
lunch-hour martinis.
Yet, more than that, drug abuse and nar-
cotic addiction are major and growing public
health problems of major national concern.
As of December 31, 1968, the number of ac-
tive narcotic addicts reported by the U.S.
Bureau of Narcotics was approximately 64,-
000 and estimates of the true number of
addicts are appreciably higher and on the
families by whatever birth control means
they find acceptable. The ideal .result
would be that those couples wfio now
have two or more childrennwbuld make
a voluntary decision not to have more.
Other couples would. voluntarily decide
to stop at two children.
My investigation of the current na-
tional programs, research and legislation
regarding the population problem has led
me to this general and related conclu-
sion: Those experts who address them-
selves to. the preservation of our natural
environment seldom address themselves
to the population problem, possibly be-
cause of its controversial nature. Like-
wise, I find that those who address
themselves to family planning and birth
control programs seldom indicate a true
understanding of the environmental con-
sequences of uncontained population
growth, possibly because the link between
population and environment is dimly un-
derstood.
I am convinced that this is the very
relationship on which the health and fu-
ture of mnkind as a species depend. Al-
_ though manis-much more than the oth-
er animals, hb remains wholly dependent
on the wafer-ti layer of air, water and
soil that compris'W the surface of our
earth and, acting iftways more delicate
and complicated than the most sophisti-
cated computer, makes all life possible
on this earth.
I believe that man must rethink him-
self in terms of his natural environment
if he is to thrive, or even survive. There-
fore, my bill creates within the Depart-
ment of Interior a Bureau of Population
and the Environment, to devote itself to
searching out and making known the im-
plications of that crucial relationship.
Furthermore, to define the authority
and mission of the Bureau and the. scope
of the problem, my bill creates a! Com-
mission on Population and the Egiron-
ment, with a life of 2 years, composed
of respected men in private life al}d high
government officials, to conduc a full
study and make recommendations as to
the programs and policies avgiilable to
Congress and the Bureau thatt'would be
effective in this area. f
mere extensions of them, really meet the I believe this bill to be necessary
problem. I do not believe that voluntary forward step in coping wi this highly
family planning programs which have complex problem. I believ that the true
as their goal making every child a solution-should there one-lies in
wanted child will reverse, stop or even the ability of free izens becoming
slow down the rising tide of population aware of the dange of uncontrolled
growth. After all, we are coming to real- population growth nd acting in their
ize that the majority of America's an- own interest by planning their families
nual population increase is composed of accordingly. Should this bill be effective
wanted children. in achieving that goal, we would, by
Therefore, today I am introducing leg- bringing about the stabilization of our
islation that calls upon Congress to "find, national population, demonstrate to the
encourage, and implement at the earliest world that this is a problem within the
possible time necessary policies, atti- power of mankind to solve. Thus we
tudes, and actions which will, by volun- would provide by example the necessary
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
April 23, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE H 3007
vi as that the Nixon administration is Madness-with ncthing to save his the foreign policy of this administration,
probably faced with that most dreaded, face, nothing to salve his scored and and that "protection" means exactly
unpredictable and unstable Element that bruised ego except the periodic meetings that-and something more besides-
can be found in a foreign adversary : at Panmunjom, where his officers carry what is believed to be the largest con-
ma4ness. on their strutting farce of insults centration of American seapower in that
phe omenon is an extreme rarity in i So-a way out, of sorts-provoke the sembled in the Sea of Japan. Task Force
to ational power politics.:Adolf Hitler United States, possibly into attack, or at 71, consisting of three attack carriers,
himself, though his eventual conduct in least pull a feather or two from the one antisubmarine carrier, three cruisers
World War II slid toward the irrational American eagle's tall, and draw world and 14 destroyers, has almost 300 jet
and 11 earned him the wonderfully exprels- attention to himself once again. Thus it fighters and fighter-bombers, plus con-
sive German term Teppichtresser-ca r- was with Pueblo. I said at the time it was siderable missile and antisub ability.
pet chewer-at least had attempted to a shameful and unforgiveable thing to I am sure the fact is not lost on Kim
weigh the risks before striking at Pola'ld have inflicted on the American Republic, Il-Sung that Task Force 71 is not only
in 1939. "What now?" snarled . 'er and no less so is the incident of the quite well prepared to protect our in-
Fue$lrer at his Foreign Minister, Joachll'1~ EC-121. telligence missions, but it also carries the
von', Ribbentrop, when Britain's unek I do think, however, that the last man potential for direct retaliatory raids
pect ultimatum to Germany to with, on one of these missions has been lost. against North Korea itself.
dra rv from Poland, meaning a general There are some highly significant and President Theodore Roosevelt said:
European war, was presented to him. major differences between what was Speak softly and carry a big stick.
terned at the very least unstable, and For instance, after Pueblo, it was de-
some observers even contend he has be.. cided in 1968 not to arm spy ships be-
come more paranoid than Stalin at lji? cause it would be "provocative." I quote,
very worst. There is no comparable pardl4 here, from former Secretary of Defense
lel ip any other country. Not beyond t)ll Robert S. McNamara, appearing on
.in P king, where an old man watches t
shadows lengthen across Tien An M
ins
figure in his own country for Q
year
. However, unlike Mao and Ho, e,
did
of capture power on his own. '3
rise
tion.1 He has tried to gain greater statute
in the eyes of North Koreans by mas-
quer
natic
probably been more of a liability than rlj
asset.
H has developed a personality cult
that would embarrass Mao Tse-tun
History has been completely-twisted a d
f'tlsi ed to glorify Kim. The last f
year have seen an increase in this cult
and statements about him in Nor
Korea today are written in a pure e
pros style that would shame the moll
servile Soviet writer of Stalin's heyda
So madness-madness generated y
bitterness and resentment from whit
Kim feels was desertion and sellout y:
his d Chinese and Soviet allies at t eI
end of the Korean war.
M dness-as Ho Chi Minh gets hea
lines acclaim and aid, and Nor
Korea's lone pleas for help from Pe
and Moscow are brushed aside
There are many Americans who are greatly
disturbed that a ship as important as the
Pueblo could be captured so easily. Why
wasn't it letter protected?
The Secretary's answer was as follows:
First, to have protected it would have been
a provocative act. Second, it would have
compromised the mission.... And, finally,
the protection itself always runs the risk of
leading to military escalation.. . . Nor do
we protect aircraft on similar kinds. You will
iemember that we lost an RB-47 shot down
by the Soviets on a mission similar to this in
1960. It was unprotected. Neither then nor
now do we protect it for the reasons I've
outlined.
Now, let us look at President Nixon's
statement on April lit, 1969, in response
to a question about U.S. reaction to the
EC-121:
There are 56,000 American troops stationed
in South Korea . the responsibility of the
President of the United 03tates as Commander
in Chief ... It is the responsibility of the
Commander in Chief to protect the security
of those men.... What do we do about
these flights in the future? They were dis-
continued immediately after this incident
occurred. I have today ordered that these
flights be continued. T ,.ey will be protected.
This is not a threat. It is simply a statement
of fact.
As the Commander it. Chief of our armed
forces, I cannot and will not ask our men to
serve in Korea, and I cannot and will not
ask our men to take flights like this in un-
armed planes without providing protection.
That will be the case.... when planes of
the United States or chips of the United
States in intelligence gathering are in inter-
national waters or international air space
they are not fair game. They will not be in the
future and I state that as a matter of fact.
I find a considerable difference in re-
sponse-and also in what the President
as Commander in Chief sees as his obli-
gation and responsibility to men in uni-
form who must be sent out on dangerous
assignments.
To underscore the fact that fear of
"provoking" our enemies is not a part of
Madness--as 56,000 American troops;
back up the Korean Army across tl~e
Madness-as one attempt after a -
other to send agents into South Kor
for espionage, terror, and subversion
down4 to defeat when faced with tle~
deadlly combination of the highly e -
clent South Korean Intelligence Service
and the Red-hating South Korean citi-
zens.
President Nixon has spoken-softly-
but the big stick has been hauled out of
the closet, dusted off, swung once or twice
for heft, and laid close at hand.
Can even Kim II-Sung be that mad?
If he is, the big stick is ready-and we
can argue about map coordinates after-
wards.
THE PROBLEM OFUNCONTAINED
POPULATION GROWTH AND THE
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
(Mr. UDALL asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute, to revise and extend his remarks
and include extraneous matter.)
Mr. UDALL. Mr. Speaker, the 1960's
-comprise the decade in which the U.S.
Government became deeply involved in
what has now been generally recognized
as one of the world's most severe prob-
lems, that of uncontained population
growth.
Four years of hearings on the prob-
lem, conducted by former Senator Ernest
Gruening, of Alaska, have served to
bring the controversial subject of popu-
lation control, once off limits to public
discussion, into the light of legitimate
and open debate. The late Presidents
Eisenhower and Kennedy both expressed
their concern. Former President John-
son said:
Second only to the search for peace, it is
humanity's greatest challenge.
As a result, the U.S. Government,
through its National Institutes of Health,
has a growing program of research in
reproductive physiology and contracep-
tion. The Department of Health, Educa-
tion, and Welfare, the Department of
State, and the Office of Economic Op-
portunity administer or support pro-
grams of voluntary family planning.
However, I wonder if we as a govern-
ment are doing enough in the field. As
we look around us, we see tremendous,
truly staggering divisions, strife, conflict
and conditions which, I believe, are
related if not directly caused by uncon-
tained population.
We are told by some experts that there
is nothing that can be done to prevent
widespread famine in Asia within the
next decade-that the children are al-
ready born who will face starvation in
the next few years. Although others tell
us thatk "green revolution" now under-
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
H 3006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE April 23, 1969
Few, if any, of these Federal programs help
the railroads. In fact, some of these programs
increase the railroads' difficulties in compet-
ing with other forms of transportation. All
in all, the Federal government today is pur-
suing a variety of programs, designed to
regulate, subsidize and promote various forms
of transportation, and it spends billions of
the taxpayers' dollars doing it-or trying to
do it.
But despite the advent of the Department
of Transportation, there is Insufficient co-
ordination among these programs. Some
modes of transportation, for example, are
regulated and some are not. Some forms are
subsidized and some are not. The fortunes of
some kinds of transportation are promoted
effectively and some are not. There is con-
stant competition for the tax dollar. There
are inequities in the size and kind of sub-
sidies accorded different carriers. The com-
ponent parts of the system are not devel-
oped as a whole. The public is not served to
the extent it might be because fo this patch-
work of regulations and subsidies which help
to prevent the development of the best in
each transportation system.
To administer these highway, airway,
waterway and a variety of other programs, a
number of Federal agencies had, over the
years, sprung up. None was concerned with
the needs of the other. Each had its own
promotional job to do. Each tended to serve
as special counsel and advocate for its own
kind of transportation.
The more the public pays in subsidies, real
and hidden, the more confused the objectives
have seemed to be. The job of the Depart-
ment of Transportation, it seems to me, is to
rationalize these differences. As yet, this con-
cept has not taken hold.
We must develop a coherent and modern
system out of the present unstable conglom-
erate of diverse and unrelated transportation
systems. Only in a coherent framework can
the development of a truly rational trans-
portation policy result-a framework in
which we will be able to keep all our trans-
portation systems in balance and capable of
functioning effectively.
To these general observations, I would add
a few specific suggestions:
1. We can never fully develop a coherent
transportation policy and system until we
decide who pays for it and how; to what
extent should public subsidies be involved,
and how evenhandedly can they be admin-
istered. We continue to find policies affecting
the waterways being developed without suffi-
cient regard to the impact they will have on
the railroads. We find charges for airport use
totally unrelated to plant costs for other
modes of transportation. Who supports
Friendship airport? The State of Maryland,
the Federal government and to an extent, the
airlines. Who supports Union Station? The
railroads who use it.
2. We cannot expect prompt and easy solu-
tions when the directives given the Depart-
ment of Transportation by Congress do not
constitute a clear signal or provide an open
track. In the first years of the Department
there has been too much reliance on the very
existence of the Department itself-as
though our national transportation problems
would just blow away because there is a new
agency in being. Clearly, change will not come
about merely because old agencies have been
reshuffled into new.
3. As has been demonstrated time and time
again in other fields, federal money alone
is not the answer. The Urban Mass Transpor-
tation Act is an appropriate example. The
law provides Federal financial assistance to
improve mass transit systems-bus and rail-
in our cities. Congress would have been more
effective had we gotten down to the hard
economic facts of life, stripping all Federal
benefits from the equation and determining
the true costs of providing essential services.
Had Congress insisted on this course-not
just for mass transit, but for all transporta-
tion programs-we might have avoided our
present situation. Designed as a program
responsive to an urgent urban need-with
appropriate recognition that the transit fare
box alone cannot support and revive a
deteriorating system-this Act of Congress
has too often had the opposite effect on the
fate of local transit systems from its inten-
tions. Too often private transit companies
have tended to hang onto their fading prop-
erties without any effort at improvement
whatsoever. They have done so in the hope
that a quick infusion of Federal funds would
encourage city government to bail them out
by purchasing the private transit lines for
public ownership. Meanwhile, back at City
Hail the decision-makers were making no
such commitments because the promise of
Federal was just that-there aren't really
enough funds to go around to reinvigorate
on any broad basis the transit system.
4. Federal policy has not given sufficient
attention to new ownership concepts in the
field of transportation. I am aware of one
well-run railroad in another section of
America which was making excellent strides
in improving the quality of its service until
it was swallowed up in a larger business
conglomerate. The rail service has, I am
Informed, been on the downgrade since. Other
perhaps more profitable enterprises of the
conglomerate have come to the fore. Rather
than this form of transportation integration
more thought should be given to the develop-
ment of transportation modes to get the job
done at less cost to the consumer public and
the taxpayer. We ought to at least consider
effective transportation integration rather
than isolating transportation ownership
through the present separate and strictly
competitive instruments-rails, trucks, air
and the waterways.
My remarks are not a criticism of a vibrant
and successful segment of our free enterprise
economy. The federal government has, for
better or worse, a large stake in the system.
All of us in Washington, and particularly in
the Congress, have a special obligation to see
to it that the contributions that the Federal
government makes to the system work-and
work well.
TOUR STUDYING PROBLEMS OF
BOSTON
(Mr. GUDE asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. GLIDE. Mr. Speaker, last week-
end, along with 10 of my colleagues, I
had the opportunity to visit for 2 days
and a night in the city of Boston to study
and observe the problems of that metro-
politan area and the efforts of Mayor
Kevin White and his cabinet to cope
with the enormously big-city problems.
There is much to see and to learn on the
visits to the cities sponsored by the Con-
ference of Mayors but I would in par-
ticular like to call attention to two as-
pects of government which I observed on
this tour which are particularly sig-
nificant.
First, I, and also, I believe some of my
colleagues were particularly impressed
by the efforts to decentralize and to set
up "little city halls" in various areas of
the city. These institutions are not con-
ceived just as "complaint bureaus" for
the citizens but are the beginning of an
effort to decentralize actual operation of
certain city services to bring them close
to the citizenry. I am convinced the be-
ginning effort here in Washington last
October as well as those in Boston should
be pushed-the trend of the thirties to
use big city hall consolidation to solve
metropolitan problems has a blighting
effect on the role of democratic repre-
sentative institutions in the problem-
solving process.
Second, I was particularly Impressed
by what seemed to be the deep interest
and involvement of so many of Boston's
citizens in the process of finding solu-
tions to their city's problems. Boston's
democratic roots go deep and among cer-
tain groups involvement in government
and politics is as natural as eating and
sleeping. In contrast, the District of Co-
lumbia is particularly devoid of citizen
tradition or structure for democratic in-
stitutions. The history of so many of
Washington's citizens is lacking of a
heritage of citizen participation in the
democratic process.
I am convinced that the establish-
ment of voting representation in Con-
gress will go a long way toward develop-
ing a structure of involvement in the
democratic process which is so essential
if city citizens are to work together to
find solutions to the problems of their
metropolitan areas.
For these reasons, the establishment
of voting representation for the District
of Columbia is a top priority measure for
the 91st Congress.
NQR.TH_uQ.,,A,X MADNESS-
NIXON'S "BIG STICK"
(Mr. BRAY asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute, to revise and extend his remarks
and include extraneous matter.)
Mr. BRAY. Mr. Speaker, North Korea
has once again drawn attention to itself
and the following two statements by per-
sons who should know more than the
rest of us about that country are perti-
nent.
Comdr. Lloyd Bucher, skipper of the
U.S.S. Pueblo, in testimony before the
Navy court of inquiry, March 10, 1969:
I watched them pull legs off baby birds
which fell out of a nest ... they would find
a toad and spilt him apart by pulling out
his legs . this was common practice . . .
they are just basically cruel and brutal sav-
ages ... there were a few pups around the
prison compound. I never once saw the Ko-
reans pass one of those dogs without kicking
him. This is just their mentality ... just
the way they are brought up.
Prof. B. C. Koh, South Korean by
birth and now associate professor of po-
litical science, University of Illinois:
No nation is too small to threaten the
peace and security of the entire world com-
munity. In North Korea's case, moreover, its
smallness is dangerously deceptive. Not only
does it boast a well-trained Soviet-equipped
army of over 350,000 men; 500 Soviet-made
jet aircraft, modern air-defense missile
complexes, and a militia of 1.2 million men
and women. it is also ruled by a Stalinist
dictator whose fanatical dedication to rev-
olutionary objectives is surpassed only by his
brash audacity in seeking to carry them'out
in the face of all obstacles. North Korea has
a past record of strident belligerency,
coupled with a seemingly inexhaustible po-
tential for precipitating international crisis.
The Pueblo in 1968; an EC-121 in
1969; considering the two incidents and
the two statements above, it seems ob-
Approved For Release. 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 April .,23, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
Consistent with my position that; the
pr sent law has been interpreted too ar-
ro ly, I am introducing a bill today that
would provide a second chance to those
yo ng men who have bey opposed to
pa icipation in the Vietnam war and'.,y!et
ha a been forced into the heartrending
dil l mma of service in a war they oppose
or prison or flight from the country.
yo g man the opportunity now to o er
inf rmation to his local board in s l' -
sta tiation of his claim to exempto
fro military service prodded he aS
eon cientiously opposed to participat
in particular war at the-Vine he *e-
or at the time he left a jt f'diction ltb
evade military service.
It should be understood that. any clam~,
to exemption which is gratited, wo1.0d
req ire the young man to perform nofi
combatant service in the Aiftned Forces
or an acceptable form of alternati~o
civil
by t
noti
Se
an service as that now perform d
Third. Any young man who is bean 1930's when pictures of academic convoca-
prose uted or has been convicted for re tions in German universities featured Jack-
fusingor evading service; and booted students with daggers and sidearms.
Fourth. Any young man in the Armed Some observers, to be sure, explained the
whole development away as a temporary aber-
Force who is being prosecuted or ha ration-the unfortunate but excusable reac-
been convicted for acts arising out of al tion of concerned youths to social injustice
nonvi lent refusal or evasion of con- in a country ground down by an oppressive
perms
my le
course,
recent
place an
service. -
provided that the grant or im-
denial of a . claim to emption
ursuant to the new la shall be
GUNS ON CAMPUS
(Mr. iOBISON asked and was given
permisson to address the House for 1
minute, to revise and extend his remarks
and to include extraneous matter.)
Mr. .ROBISON. Mr. Speaker, as the
Representative for the Cornell Uriiversity
community in this body, and as an alum-
nus of that great institution, I have, of
ents that have been taking
are still taking place on that
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
delude the full text
the consideratioi of my colleagues:
If agreements el-dorted under duress are to
be honored by campus authorities, the Amer-
ican university i? embarked on a course of
self-destruction, }got self-government. Amer-
ican society has` borne violence as a heavy
cross through alf its history; it is the uni-
versity's task to lead the way toward elimi-
nating violence.
Cornell's ability" to enforce its ban not only
on guns but on all ms of coercion will be a
crucial indicator of a intellectual com-
munity's capacity to re Q-1 a key element in
follows:
GUNS ON CAMPUS
As we have all noted, and as the New
York Times commented on yesterday:
Arms have been introduced Into the cam-
pus controversy at Cornell, and only blind-
ness to the lessons of history can shut out
the fundamental nature of the threat that sity's task to lead the way toward eliminating
violence.
Mr. Speaker, it is .precisely true, as the Corn el~?e-ahility to enforce its ban not only
Times 'vent on to note: - "fin guns but on all forms of coercion will
This threat Is doub.'y frightening because be a crucial indicator of the intellectual com-
it arose on a campus whose liberal,.adminis-
tration -has carefully listened tai and even
anticipated, legitimate demands for student
and faculty participation ipr`campus adinin-
peace treaty. Most educators, however, needed
no further confirmation that the bell had
tolled for German unive,sIties and for free-
dom.
Now arms have been Introduced into the
Se to a prosecution for refusing ar? -campus controversy at Cornell, and only
ent release from prison. a out the fundamental nature of the threat
islation may find it difficult to Frightening" because it arose on a campus
mption, they should have the 41scenea tio, and even anticipated, legitimate
demands for student and faculty uarticioa-
act, I now respectfully beseech the Con- Cornell w.e - had suspicion
have to contend with, suspicion
gress to take a major step in b ,inkng rind even hostility on the part of some whites.
this country together again. Let its give tit it is also true that black militants-sep-
those who have exiled themselves or gone Nate from, yet in many ways parallel to, the
to jail out of conscience the opportunity white radicals of the New left-have under-
of coming back into the mainstream of alined the extensive administrative and
American life. Judicial reforms, first by refusing to serve on
joint discipline committee:;, then by chal-
Ilenging their Legitimacy.
The issue here is clearly not one of admin-
iistrative unresponsiveness. The university's
aim has been to prove that reason and the
rile of law can make the students full
trtners in self-government built on non-
violent progress and mutual consent.
All these expectations lie shattered-victim
. an intolerable display of coercion at gun-
int. To avert a slaughter, the university has
tad to surrender to the demands of armed
raurgents. This is the lugubrious end of a
isle that has run from Berkeley through
glumbia and Harvard and San Francisco
fate and dozens of other campuses-a line
at rests on the use of Illegal force to cow
the majority Into submission.
H 3005
If agreements extorted under duress are to
be honored by campus authorities, the Ameri-
can university is embarked on a course of
self-destruction, not self-government. Ameri-
can society has borne violence as a heavy
cross through all its history; it is the univer-
munity's capacity to remain a key element in
perpetuating both the free competition of
Ideas and democratic rule itself.
NEED FOR A NATIONAL TRAN'S-
PORTATION. POJICY--SPEECH OF
SENATOR CHARLES McC. MA-
THIAS
(Mr. BEALL of Maryland asked and
was given permission to address the
House for 1 m.irute, to revise and extend
his remarks and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. BEALL of Maryland. Mr. Speaker,
efficient nationwide transportation sys-
tems are essential to our national eco-
nomic health and growth. Through the
years, the F!ede'al Government has be-
come involved in supporting, to a greater
or lesser extent, many different forms
of land, water, and air transportation.
However, these efforts are too often
fragmented, uncoordinated, and even
contradictory.
In a speech to the better service con-
ference of the C. & O.-B. & O. Railroad
t-Ci',, CHARLES MCC. MATI.3IAS, "., Outlined
the'*eed for a coherent national trans-
n policy and summarized some
ortant questions which should
s'NATOR MATI4iAS
t message as President,
Eisenhower endorsed a
t recommendation for at
sportation With these
and suggest
and I would
his speech in
Aonxa:ss's
Commerce Departm
Department of Tr
have built vast-
ways, inland g-
attention t
networks.'
Since those words, we have had that De-
partment of Transportation in being. Is it
working to minimize the kind o' conflicts
to which Dwight Eisenhower addressed him-
self? Is it a success?
First, I believe that the new Department,
like anything new in Washington takes time
to shake down. Certainly, the new Secretary,
John Volpe, has not had his hand on the
tiller long enough to measure his course.
Today the Federal government expends
billions of dollars in the construction of
highway programs, from farm-to-market
roads to giant highways of the inter-state
system linking all our major cities. The gov-
ernment promotes airport construction and
has prime responsibility for air navigation.
It dredges and develops our rivers and har-
bors and after it spends hundreds of millions
of dollars in these programs, it spends addi-
tional hundreds of millions to maintain
these port facilities. It administers airline
and Merchant Marine subsidies.
tation is presently out
a national system than
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 S 3998 Approved For Rel ~~VC&0JAJffiRJ C o ffMp 0003001 q
2 1969
On board strength as of Jan. 31, 1969
U.S.
Marine Corps
U.S.
Army
U.S.
Navy
U.S.
Air Force
Officer------------------------------------------------------
24, 927
170, 720
85,800
136, 576
Enlisted -------------------------------------
289,168
1, 304, 840
655334
736,135
Total-------------------------------------------------
314,095
1,475,560
741,134
872,711
4-star officers ------------------------------------------------
4-star to active generals ----------------------------------
1:75
1:29
1:38
1:33
4-star to total strength------------------------------------
1:314, 000
1:86, 800
1:92,600
1:67, 100
FISCAL DATA
According to the testimony, the pay and
allowances increases from the grade of lieu-
tenant general to the four-star grade will
be $4,800 per annum.
THE FIRST 90 DAYS
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, in
response to a request from the Associ-
ated Press, last week, to give our im-
pression of the first 90 days of the Nixon
administration, the distinguished assist-
ant majority leader, the senior Senator
from Massachusetts (Mr. KENNEDY) , and
I issued a statement. We ask unanimous
consent that this statement, with ref er-
ence to the first 90 days of the Nixon
administration, as seen from our point
of view, be printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the state-
ment was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
THE FIRST 90 DAYS
The first 90 days of the administration of
President Nixon are over. So, too, is the calm
which has characterized them. If a signal of
the end is needed it is to be found in the
tragedy of the intelligence-reconnaissance
plane off North Korea. From now on, crises
both at home and abroad are likely to crowd
in upon the nation.
These initial months have enabled the
President to prepare for what lies ahead and
he has gsed the time well. His highly suc-
cessful trip abroad, for example, brought
him into friendly contact with heads-of-state
with whom he will be dealing in the years
ahead. Relations with France have been
placed on a better plane and at the same
time diplomatic contact with Cambodia is
now being reestablished. At home, the Presi-
dent has proceeded at a deliberate pace to fill
out the hierarchy of his administration with
men of his own choosing and to work out
changes in the budget of the previous Ad-
ministration. All in all, the first 90 days of
President Nixon have been marked by care,
caution, and competence.
The evolution of the new administration
now moves from the opening phase to the fol-
low-through. During the months ahead will
come proposals, policies and programs which
clearly carry the President's imprimatur.
They will be needed to deal with the problem
of Viet Nam as well as the intensifying issues
of inequitable and heavy taxation and infla-
tion. These problems along with a host of
other difficulties await the President's Initia-
tives.
What also remains to be seen is whether
the President can gain control over the far-
flung activities of the military and civilian
wings of the government. From administra-
tion to administration, the Executive Branch
has grown into an administrative enormity.
Unless President Nixon is able to devise
means for grasping control of the continuing
machinery of government for which, in any
event, he has the responsibility, the tragedy
off North Korea will be but the beginning of
his difficulties.
Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I applaud
President Nixon's wisdom and firmness
in dealing with the outrageous but typ-
ical action of North Korea in attacking
one of our unarmed reconnaissance air-
craft over international waters. Our peo-
ple are capable of a mighty rage and in-
dignation at wanton killing, and there
has been a proper outpouring of these
reactions in recent days. The response of
our Government, however, must at the
same time be that of a powerful nation
whose very strength in the community of
nations lies in the self-imposed restraint
in dealing with smaller countries, how-
ever demented and belligerent they are.
We will show that we will not be deterred
from our policies and our mission by ugly
deeds, but we will not be drawn into war
by a small, criminal state intent on de-
struction of all for their own ends; either.
Mr. President, there are two national
security needs which must be kept upper-
most in mind when considering response
to the North Korean attack and the
tragic loss of 31 men, and President
Nixon kept these needs very much in
mind.
One is the continuing need for the very
kind of intelligence that such aircraft as
the EC-121 can gather. Intelligence is
the closest thing to casualty insurance
against war; the more coverage we have
the less likely we will need it in global
conflict. It is intelligence which permits
us to meet the aggression of a North Ko-
rea before they reignite the Korean
war-a threat which is renewed from
time to time by that irresponsible gov-
, all over the rim of the boiling pots in
Asia and elsewhere. If we are to continue
gathering this intelligence, we must pro-
text, the movement of the naval task
force to the sea off Korea is eminently
justified.
The other need which the President
kept in mind is that of meeting North
Korea's test of our will and the nature
of our response. We have shown that we
have the will to continue actions which
we feel our national security and peace in
the world demand. Such a demonstration
of will is most especially required when
dealing with a government such as North
Korea, which has virtually no respect for
decent relations between governments,
but resorts to brutality with a morbid
fascination unmatched in the world.
I submit that this crisis has been
handled very well by a new administra-
tion. Our Government has been tested
and found strong, but not headstrong;
intelligent, but not tangled in intellec-
tual indecision. I am saddened by the
tragic attack, but heartened by the re-
PRESIDENT NIXON'S HANDLING OF
THE KOREAN AIR ATTACK IN-
CIDENT
Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, I am
proud to join my colleagues in com-
mending President Nixon for his states-
manlike handling of the recent crisis
with Korea.
The destruction of an unarmed air-
craft by the North Koreans is a striking
example of irrational conduct. The
United States, under President Nixon's
leadership, has responded to their action
in a totally rational manner. This is the
mark of a great power, and the Presi-
dent's decision to act with restraint is
the mark of a great President.
As the North Koreans so ably proved,
it takes little thought or sensitivity to
murder. We could have responded in
kind. We cannot help but feel a helpless
rage at such occurrences; that is a natu-
ral thing. But, as the leader of our Na-
tion, President Nixon's example to other
nations has been an excellent one.
In the discussion and debate that fol-
lowed the loss of the aircraft, I-have
heard the North Koreans termed a
"fourth-rate power." The stature of a
nation may not lie in its military power,
but rather in its ability to conduct itself
and its affairs in a civilized and rational
manner. In this incident, the North
Korean Government has clearly cast it-
self in the role of a fourth-rate power.
Quite sensibly, President Nixon has in-
structed our defense people to continue
surveillance of North Korean activities-
in the free international zone of air
travel-but with armed escort. As a
former pilot of unarmed aircraft, I know
what that means. It means simply that
the pilots and crews of these flights will
have a "fighting chance"-no American
ever asked for more than that as he car-
ried out his Commander in Chief's in-
structions. I, for one, hope that this
meaningful change in policy will not go
unnoticed in North Korea.
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA SUGAR
QUOTA SHOULD BE ABOLISHED
Mr. YOUNG of Ohio. Mr. President,
among the nations of the world, the Re-
public of South Africa has the tragic dis-
tinction of being the only country whose
legal and social structure is frankly and
aggressively based on racial discrimina-
tion. The black majority of that nation
has been systematically brutalized by the
vicious policies of apartheid. The oppres-
sion of black citizens of South Africa by
the white minority is a stain on the con-
science of the free world.
Frankly, we in the United States have
much to atone for and to correct in the
treatment of our 20 million fellow Amer-
icans who are black. However, we have
made great strides toward eliminating
discrimination in our legal structure and
in assuring all Americans the rights
guaranteed them in the Constitution of
the United States. We are also making.
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
April 22, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE S 3997
Latter-day Saints formally known as the
You}lg Women's Mutual Improvement As.
soctation (YWMIA) was organized Novem-
ber $8, 1869 and this year marks its centen-
nial anniversary to be commemorated by
church congregations throughout the world;
and
Whereas the YWMIA enriched and tin-
proved the lives of hundreds of thousands of
young women during the past century
through organized programs of dance, drat a,
music, speech, sport, camping, horne-making,
andspiritual counsel; and
Whereas the YWMIA has made an invahu-
ablei contribution in preparing young women
to make meaningful contributions to their
families, their communities and their churdh
andI
Whereas the highlight of the YWMIA Cen-
tennial will be the Annual MIA World Cohn-
ference June 27, 28 and 29 at Salt Lake City,
Utah; be it
Rdsolved, That the United States Seh-
ate pays tribute to this fine organization
and i commends it for the contributions ' it
makes to the youth of its sponsoring orga-
niza$ion and to the Nation itself, by helping
to develop wholesome, well adjusted talented
young women with high personal ideals and
devotion to God and country.
APPOINTMENT OF ADDITIONAL
DISTRICT JUDGES-AMENDMENT
AMENDMENT NO. 12 '..
Mr. BAKER proposed an amendment
inte>ded to be proposed by him, to the
bill S. 952) to provide for the appoint-
men of additional district judges, and
for ther purposes, which was ordered to
be printed and referred to the Commit-
tee On the Judiciary.
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE GREAT
PIIRIE LAKES NATIONAL REC-
REATION AREA-AMENDMENT
AMENDMENT NO. 13
Mr. BURDICK proposed an amend-
men intended to be proposed by him, to
the ill (S. 248) to establish the Great
Pra 'e Lakes National Recreation Area
in tie States of South Dakota, North
Dak*ta, and Nebraska, and for other pu#'-
pose , which was ordered to be printed
and I referred to the Committee on In-
teriq'r and Insular Affairs.
NOME OF HEARINGS ON T
].AIR CREDIT REPORTING ACT ,
M. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, I wL- 1
to announce that the Subcommittee on
Financial Institutions of the Commit e
on Blanking and Currency will hold hea -
ings on S. 823, a bill to enable consume rs
to protect themselves against arbitrarfr
erroneous, and malicious credit inform
tion.
The hearings will be held on Monda. ,
Tuesday, and Wednesday, May 19, 20, and
21, 1 69, and will begin at 10 a.m. in room
5302, New Senate Office Building.
Persons desiring to testify or to submit
written statements In connection with
the hearings should notify Mr. Ke
neth A. McLean, room 5300, New Senae
Office Building, Washington, D.C., 2051 ;
Telephone [phone].
NOTICE OF HEARINGS ON
ELECTORAL REFORM
Mr. BAYH. Mr. President, the Senate
Subcommittee on Constitutional Amend-
ments will conclude its hearings on elec-
toral reform with 3 days of hearings.
These hearings will be held on April 30,
May 1 and 2. The hearing on April 30,
will be in room 324, Senate Office Build-
ing, while the hearings on May 1 and 2
will be held in G-308, auditorium of the
New Senate Office Building. The hearings
will begin at 10 a.m each day. Persons
having questions regarding the hearings
are invited to contact the subcommittee
staff in room 419 of the .Senate Office
Building, extension 30,8:
NOTICE C CERNING NOMINA-
TIONS FORE THE COMMITTEE
ON JUDICIARY
Mr. OTT. Mr. President, the follow-
ing in nations have been referred to
an are now pending before the Com-
mi ee on the Judiciary:
Louis C. Bechtle, of Pennsylvania, to
be U.S. attorney for the eastern district
(if Pennsylvania for the term of 4 years,
Bice Drew J. T. O'Keefe, resigning.
Bill Carnes Murray, of Georgia, to U.S.
arshal for the northern district of
eorgia for the term of 4 years, vice
liner J. Hardegree.
George J. Reed, of. Oregon, to be a
ember of the Board of Parole for the
t rm expiring September 30, 1974.
L. Peter Stone, of Delaware, to be
U. . attorney for the district of Delaware
for the term of 4 years, vice Alexander
Gr nfeid.
di
O behalf of the Committee on the Ju-
cia ,notice is hereby given to all per-
sons iterested in these nominations to
file wit the committee, in writing, on or
before uesday, April. 29, 1969, any rep-
resentati ns or objections they may wish
to presen concerning the above nomi-
nations, ith a further statement
whether it s their intention to appear
at any hears g which may be scheduled.
THE GRADE OF GENERAL FOR THE
ASSISTANT COMMANDANT OF
THE MARINA CORPS
Mr. MANSFIEI p. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the Senate pro-
ceed to the consileiation of Calendar
No. 119, H.R. 3832,
The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The
bill will be stated by title.
The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. A bill (H.R.
3832) to amend title 10, United States
Code, to provide the grade of general for
the Assistant Conlms,ndant of the Ma-
rine Corps when the total active strength
of the Marine Carps exceeds 200,000.
The PRESIDENT Pro tempore. Is there
objection to the present consideration of
the bill?
There being no objection, the bill was
considered, ordered to a third reading,
read the third time, and passed.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent to have printed in
the RECORD an excerpt from the report
(No. 91-130), explaining the purposes of
the bill.
There being no objection, the excerpt
was ordered to be printed In the RECORD,
as follows:
PURPOSE OFTHE BILL,
This bill is designed to establish the grade
of general for the Assistant Commandant of
the Marine Corps, at the discretion of the
President, with the advice and consent of the
,Senate, when the personnel strength of the
corps ecseds 200,000. The bill also provides
that when the active duty strength drops be-
low this figure after an officer has been ap-
pointed to the Office of Assistant Com-
mandant and to the grade of general, he will
retain the grade so long as he retains the of-
fice. However, his successor will not be eli-
gible for the grade of general until the
strength again exceeds 200,000.
JUSTIFICATION
At the present time, the Marine Corps is
authorized one officer in the grade of gen-
eral-its Commandant. Marine Corps officers
designated for appropriate higher commands
or performance of duty of great importance
and responsibility are limited by law to the
grade of lieutenant general, unless they are
assigned as Chief of Stag to the President or
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. This
legal limitation was enacted In 1947 and since
that time there have been many changes in
the Marine Corps which have impacted on
the office of the Commandant and his prin-
cipal assistant.
The size of the Marine Corps in 1947 was
93,000-today its size is 314,000. In 1947 the
number of marines serving overseas was 19,-
000, but today there are 101,000 marines serv-
ing overseas, including 82,000 in Vietnam.
In 1947 the Commandant was not authorized
to sit as a member of the Joint Chiefs of
Staff. Today the Commandant sits with the
Joint Chiefs of Staff whenever matters di-
rectly concerning the Marine Corps are under
consideration. The magnitude of these
changes alone has enlarged the scope and
complexity of the responsibilities of the
Commandant, and this, in turn, hasgreatly
expanded the responsibilities of his principal
assistant.
The Assistant Commandant represents the
Marine Corps at meetings of the Joint Chiefs
of Staff whenever the Commandant is un-
available. The Vice Chiefs of Staff of the
other services, whose positions are almost
identical to that of the Assistant Comman-
dant, hold the rank of general, or its equiv-
alent, while the Assistant Commandant holds
the rank of lieutenant general.
It is the opinion of the Committee on
Armed Services that the Assistant Comman-
dant should enjoy a status comparable to his
counterparts. At the present time the Com-
mandant of the Marine Corps is the only
four-star general officer in the Corps.
In addition, the substantial growth in the
Marine Corps has had a significant effect
upon the responsibilities exercised by the As-
sistant Commandant, who must give close
supervision to the ever-increasing number of
personnel, weapons systems, programs, and
operations with which the Marine Corps is
involved,
A comparison of the ratio of four-star gen-
eral and flag officers to total strength in the
Army, Navy, and Air Force, reveals that the
Marine Corps Is substantially below the other
services. The strength and ratio comparisons
as of January 31, 1969, are shown below;
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 S 4010kpproved For Releago]2 I A1cJ 31 0003001300 Z922, 1969
moral outrage, of social justice, of human We shall not dwell upon President Nixon's
compassion. campaign pledge to end the surcharge tax,
But, as the President cannot evade his for we know that election often makes wiser
responsibility to lead, neither can the Demo- men of former candidates. But there must
cratic Party refuse to take its stand on the be no retreat from the resolute march toward
great moral issues of our time. fairness and equity in our tax system.
Toward making equity real in our society, Throughout America, taxpayers are increas-
America has made proud and measurable ingly outraged by a system which is regres-
progress in recent years-frequently with sive in its overburdening of those of lower
strong bipartisan support in the Congress. and middle income, while allowing many of
From the advances we have already made, the rich to escape their fair share of Govern-
we will now either advance further or retreat; ment costs.
we cannot stay where we are. We shall watch We are concerned about this AdRninistra-
to see in what direction President Nixon will tion's delay in presentation of its promised
now attempt to lead us-or whether he will tax reform position, disturbed by those things
lead, which are reported to be left out of these
But, so long as the Democratic Party re- recommendations to be announced.
mains a vital influence on the national scene, President Nixon must soon break this
there shall be no retreat. silence. He must soon clearly choose between
ing beads of past progress, to recite the
American litany of success, to turn our face
away from the winds of change. But those
winds blow more fiercely than ever in 1969.
And the sounds we hear are not a call to
retreat, but the trumpeting summons to ad-
vance toward individual dignity and self-
determination, for equity, for an end to war
and for the first steps toward that world
peace which can yet be ours.
Those sounds will not be stilled by a call
for silence. -
Because the Democratic Party does hear
those sounds and because we will and must
respond to them, I believe that we shall be
returned to leadership and-more impor-
tantly-to responsibility.
The Democratic Party must move-and right and wrong on the moral issue of equity WATER AND INTEREST RATES
we are moving-to get our own house in order and fairness. He cannot satisfy both sides, for
so that we may be prepared to do our duty. only one of them is right. Mr. CURTIS. Mr. President, the Com-
We will allow no retreat on the issue of There must be no retr ?ff'6 the long illerc}al Appeal, of Memphis, Tenn., pub-
race and human equality. march toward peace all not dwell upon lished a very interesting editorial on
We are concerned about the lack of clarity President Nixon s ? ampaign announcement April 1, 1969, entitled, "Water and In-
with which this Administration acts and of an undiselpsed plan to end the war in Viet terest Rates." It refers to the excellent
moves on this, the most fundamental matter Nam. But: We shall declare our concern that proposal made by the senior Senator
of equity in America-on social and economic private peace talks, underway before his elec-
equality for black people, for American Indi- tion, have only now begun again. We must from South Dakota (Mr. MUNDT).
.
ans, for Spanish speaking Americans and declare our firm, continuing desire for a I ask unanimous consent that the ed-
other minority groups. There must be no re- systematic de-Americanization of that war, itorial be printed in the RECORD.
treat from the elementary and basic ga~i~n' for real progress toward South Vietnamese There being no objection, the editorial
we have made in recent years, and we m7t assumption of greater milietary responsibil- was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
not permit administrative neglect orh(lf- ity and institution of real and lasting polit- as follows:
hearted enforcement to slow the nrch ical, social and economic reform. [From the Memphis (Tenn.) Commercial
forward. We are disturbed by the rhet vk, of ae..re-
the Department of Health, Educatio and fusing and disappointing public statements When interest rates began to soar about
Welfare concerning relaxed desegre ation against withdrawal of any American troops a year ago, concern was sounded about the
guidelines, advice which seems at var nce from that area during 1969. effects this would have on the nation's wa-
with the statements of Secretary Finch. We We are deeply worried by the growing ter and land conservation programs.
are concerned about the actions of the - militarization in America and by the con- The concern stemmed from the fact that
partment of Defense in awarding contract tinued delay in sitting down with the Soviet approval of projects such as stream flood
without requirement of full civil rights com- nion to discuss a lessening of arms race control depends upon a formula which com-
pliance. We puzzle over how these actions and t ons. Deeper than the technical questions pares the economic benefits to be derived
the circumstances of Clifford Alexander's of 1ther an ABM system will work are with the costs involved. Higher interest rates
resignation as Chairman of the Equal Em- questio concerning the triggering of fur- obviously would have to be included in the
ployment Opportunity Commission can co- ther escala ns in the race for armaments cost side of that formula. As a result, a
exist with Administration assurances of con-' advantage anfk4~he sobering question of the project that could have been justified two
tinued progress toward full equality. direction Ameri&, will go, the priorities it years ago might now be disqualified simply
President Nixon, we feel, must soon end will establish for. itbeSlf in the next decade. because interest rates had risen.
this confusion; he must soon clearly choose President Nixon's gecision to scrap the Senator Karl Mundt (R-S.D.) is asking
between right and wrong on the moral issue Sentinel Missile System'4nd then to advocate Congress to correct this situation. He points
of race. He cannot satisfy both sides, for only a somewhat curtailed 'Safeguard system, out that unless corrective action is taken
one of them is right, backed up by varying aaguments, seemed soon, there will be under-development of
We must allow no retreat on the issue of to be more political than-,military in its the nation's water resources in the years
poverty. There must be no retreat from the apparent attempt to do a t'4ttle for each ahead which could lead to a shortage of
determined march we have begun against in- side of the argument. water in the future due to lack of sufficient
ferior education and training, the lack of President Nixon must soon m&ke the hard reservoirs.
decent jobs, the bad housing, and the poor decisions on the moral questions of war and What Senator Mundt proposes is that in
health and malnutrition which prevent mil- peace. He cannot satisfy both sides, for only the future water conservation planners
lions of Americans from having a real chance one of them is right. crank into the cost-benefit formula definite
to attain equity in their lives. We do not expect or insist that P sident economic values for benefits which in the
We are disturbed by the announced plans Nixon meet and solve these issues ithin past have been considered intangible.
to cut back on summer Head Start funds, to one hundred days or any other orb ary He points to the Gillham Reservoir proj-
turn youngsters out of closed-down Job Corps period. We do insist that he address hi elf ect in Arkansas as one example of how this
centers, to retrench on financing of health and his administration to these issues. tor could be done.
research and health delivery, and the refusal they must be met. And the people of Ameri a In reviewing the justification for that
to pay the pitifully small price to do away must soon be called to the task-in ele reservoir, it was noted that the cost side of
with hunger. tones, in firm voice. the equation included $328,000 for recrea-
These positions of the Nixon Administra- We shall not make partisan capital o tion. Yet, the breakdown of benefits showed
tion seem dreadfully inconsistent with its these solemn causes. But we shall ask this no gains for recreation.
announced intention to offer new approaches Administration to lead, and we shall offe Similarly, in the Biloxi Harbor, Miss., proj-
on the terrible urban and other domestic our own solutions. ect, no economic benefits were toted up for
problems which daily grow more difficult
. The late Robert F. Kennedy was fond the increase in barge hauling of coal there
A nation which can increase its real pro- quoting Tennyson's Ulysses: due to the development.
ble, most agriculturally won in simplify the problems facing water resources
productive country Made weak by time and fate, but g
will j planners, but until such rates show a de-
in the world, cannot escape the moral burden To strive, to seek, to find, lirid not to yield," cline consideration of the economic value
of continued poverty, when, as the 1968 of such projects should indeed be revised
Democratic Platform makes so clear, "For the The Democratic Party will continue to be as Senator Mundt suggests.
first time in the history of the world
it i
ntitl
d t
l
,
s e
e
o
ead the United States of America
within the power of a nation to eradicate . to the degree it continues to strive, to seek
the age-old curse of poverty." and not to yield-to the degree it speaks to
President Nixon, we feel, must soon strike the changed problems of our day, to the
out on some clear course; he must soon moral issues of our time, in terms which are
clearly choose between right and wrong on meaningful and relevant to our lives and to
the moral issue of poverty and hunger. He the lives of our children.
cannot satisfy both aides, for only one of For a time, we Americans may be tempted
them is right, to rest on our record, to count the comfort-
NEGLECT OF ARTS BY NIXON
ADMINISTRATION
Mr. PELL. Mr. President, I realize that
President Nixon is faced with many tre-
mendous and awesome problems. How-
ever, it is also important that the quality
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 Agwved For Re~ g JQ2x, $~?E 64R000300130002- 4015
i1 22,
on 68 days. The examiner's recomnmendatioris
of last April were revised by the CAB, revisell
againI by President Johnson and now rd,-
revisei by President Nixon.
As evidence of their hopes for business I)'
the Pacific, the competing U.S *.Irlines have
hoping to out fares and flying times and thus
enorinously increase the tourist popularity
of Hawaii, Japan and even New Zealand and
Austr~lalia.
Security and foreign relations aside-
whatever they may mean In this instance -
comp tition generally is the public's greatest
benefactor, in air travel or any other field.
In this respect, Nixon's decisions cannot 'e
regar1ed as other than disappointing.
Bu If the Pacific business of the future is
vle
as lu rative as the airlines obviously belie
this sight will go on and on (as it should)
until) the U.S. carriers get a fatter proportlqr
of the Pacific business and American travel-
ers and shippers get better service.
AMBASSADOR DAVID K. E. BRUCE;
M}'. SPONG. Mr. President, for the bet-
ter hart of this decade, Mr. David K.
Bruce has been our Ambassador to tbi_
Court of St. James in Lon49n and nqc+
has j'etired. He not only served in Londdr,
for 118 years-longer than_'eny other
American-but he was our AmbassadoQr
to both France and Germany and t]le,
only American to hold these top three:
diplomatic posts.
Ambassador Bruce's long _and varied
carer of public service also includ eel
membership in the legislature of botl i
Virginia and his native Maryland.
F w diplomats have served their co
try with more diligence than Ambassa !.
Bruce. Virginians have taken pride it
his accomplishments and hope that ',in
retirement he will spend much time At
his residence, Staunton Hill, n ar Brno:-
Charlotte
nea
, in
A tendance at an Embassy briefing i?_i
Lon on, presided over by Ambassador
Bruce, gave one an opportunity to ap-
pre iate the depth of experience and
know ledge that enabled Mr. Bruce to
cover with clarity the entire range c f
Anglo-American relations.
We salute this distinguished American
and wish him w 11 in the future.
THE RIGHT APPROACH
11?r. HANSEN. Mr. President, the
thoughts of a great number of Amer'--
cans has centered on the downing of Ill --e
U.S. Navy plane by the North Korea t;.
I Want to take just a moment to co r.-
meat on President Nixon's response; t o
this serious matter.
I' interpret the President's statement--
that he has ordered the flights c4r-
tintZed, with protection-to mean that
our men will seek to shoot down any air-
craft which attack.
Mr. Nixon also emphasized that t'e-
newal of the flights, which were dis-
continued when our plane was dowlied,
is riot indication that this is the final
action we can take or will take in this
matter. -
The need to continue the flighto is
obvious. I believe the President made
that clear. We still have 56,000 Amen an
troops in South Korea. The North
Koreans have made threats against
these men, and the border incidents have
increased appreciably.
For the protection of our troops, we
must continue to know, on a daily basis,
what the North Koreans are doing. The
best way to determine this apparently
is through continued use of the recon-
naissance planes.
Our aircraft have flown 190 such mis-
sions this year already, and there have
been no warnings from North Korea
against these missions. Our plane was
90 miles from their shore when at-
tacked and at no time during this flight
was it closer than 40 miles.
The attack on our unarmed aircraft
was unprovoked and certainly un-
expected.
I believe the President has taken the
right approach.
SENATOR HARRIS CALLS FOR EQUI-
TY IN RESULTS IN AMERICA
Mr. MONDALE. Mr. President, the
senior Senator from Oklahoma (Mr.
HARRIS) ~ spoke recently before the Na-
tional Press Club about the challenge to
our society's unequal distribution of eco-
nomic and political power.
He spoke of managing the economic
system to improve the quality of Amer-
ican life. He spoke of basic rights for
citizens. And he spoke of access to the
decisionmaking processes for all Amer-
icans.
I am pleased that our Democratic Party
Chairman touched on a number of ques-
tions with which I have been especially
concerned-enforcement of antidiscrimi-
nation regulations; adherence to school
desegregation guidelines; reform of our
tax structure; real movement toward
peace in Vietnam; the effect of antibal-
listic-missile deployment; of our hopes
for peace abroad and -progress at home;
reform of the Democratic Party.
I took special interest, however, in
Senator HARRIS' call for "a system of eco-
nomic and social accounting- which
measures not just the sterile statistics of
gross national product and corporate and
individual income, but reinjects ethical
concerns and human values into our eco-
nomic management system and measures
the quality of American life."
Mr. President, the senior Senator from
Oklahoma (Mr. HARRIS) and 21 other populations create a world of starving hu-
Senators are sponsors of my proposed mans almost standing on each other's
Full Opportunity Act, S. 5, which would shoulders, all concepts of freedom can be-
establish a Council of Social Advisers and come irrelevant, and American prosperity
take a long step toward the kind of meas- could be infuriating and incendiary to bil-
urement Senator HARRIS speaks of in his lions deprived of either hop i or future."
Now, President Richard Nixon has been in
address. I look forward to early hearings office for eighty-seven days. Yet, we will not
on the bill. carp and criticize. But we still await with
I ask unanimous consent that the com- more than casual interest his first substan-
plete text of Senator HARRIS' remarks be- tial moves to really lead this nation.
fore the National Press Club be printed For, as Teddy Roosevelt said, the Presi-
in the RECORD. dency is a "bully pulpit," and the test of
There being no objection, the remarks leadership is not how accurately the leader
were ordered to be p:-inted in the RECORD, gauges the mood of the people, but how skill-
follows: fully he can appeal to those sparks of ideal-
as ism which, though often smothered beneath
REMARKS OF SENATOR FRED R. HARRIS, NA-
TIONAL PRESS CLUB, APRIL 17, 1969
Allover America today, as never before in
the history of our country, people are chal-
lenging our society's t.nequal distribution of
economic and political power.
to achieve equity for all our citizens-not
only equity in opportunity but equity in re-
sults.
Equity requires that America put first
things first, establishing a system of economic
and social accounting which measures not
just the sterile statistics on GNP and cor-
porate and individual income, but reinjects
ethical concerns and human values into our
economic management system and measures
the quality of American life-a system which
allows us to get our priorities straight so
that it may not be said of us: "They could
hear the lightest rumble of a distant drum
but not the cries of a hungry child."
Equity means making real certain basic
rights of every American. In addition to the
t
d
ea
traditional right to live and lodge an
where one wants, equity means the right to
a minimum standard of income for those
who cannot help themselves, and the
right to equal opportunity and a decent
jobat a liveable wage for every person will-
ing and able to work; the right to a decent
home in pleasant, wholesome surroundings;
the right to a decent education, which pre-
pares for living as well as for earning; the
right to good health and enough to eat; and
the right to be treated fairly-as a taxpayer
and as a consumer of public and private
services.
Equity means also that all Americans must
have real access to the decision-making proc-
esses which affect their own lives.
There is a fundamental tense of unease in
our society-a feeling of powerlessness on the
part of many of our citizens in the face of
huge and impersonal Institutions --a sense
of inequity, of inability to obtain response or
recognition from our schools, our churches,
our governmental bodies and our political
parties.
There is a nagging sense of worry in our
society-a concern that we are drifting list-
lessly into the stormy face of new and grow-
ing problems Which beset our radically
changing lives and world. For, as the Presi-
dent of the Massachusetts Institute of Tech-
nology recently said:
"We are beginning to discover that the
right of free citizens to move freely without
hindrance can be made meaningless by the
breakdown of mass transportation, and the
right of free assembly can be negated by im-
passable'city traffic, or, for that matter, by
uncontrolled crime in the city street. We
are beginning to suspect that free speech and
free press might become irrelevant if we were
slowly strangled by the air we breathe or
slowly poisoned by our drinking water. We
are beginning to see that equal rights and
equal job opportunity, when finally obtained
by citizens long denied them, can be made
meaningless by intolerable housing condi-
tions or by ineffective education systems. We
are beginning to realize that if exploding
layers of apathy and inertia, flicker still,
waiting to be brought to flame.
The test of leadership is not only how
successfully the leader is able to diminish
the sounds of political acrimony, but also
how acutely he detects the quiet Voice of
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
S 4024 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE April 22, 1969
person's technical qualifications for a par- ever achieving distinction as an institution.
ticular profession. I'm as fully confident as Not only are such attitudes a corrosive influ-
you are that when one of those bright, clear- ence on morale, they also make it virtually
eyed engineers or pharmacists or home econ- certain that the institution will never achieve
omists steps up to receive a diploma with the kind of excellence which is within its
his "graduation-with-honors" ribbon flutter- reach.
tog in the breeze, he's as technically well There is a kind of excellence within the
qualified for his profession as any graduate reach of every institution. We are all ac-
in the world today. quainted with some organizations, some fam-
But the word technology has two lines of ilies, some athletic teams, some political
origin. The "Techne" part carries the con- groups that inspire their members to great
notations of artifice and invention. The heights of personal performance. Such high
"Logos" part, the connotation of wisdom. individual performance depends to a great
The question then that we'need to ask our- extent on the capacity of the society or in-
selves as educators, is whether or not these stitution to evoke i .._ .-,---
young engineers and chemists and agricul- Last June, tfi' an effort to ask ou
turalists we are educating are wise as well as some
,of questions as they relate to this
skilled in their professions? I don't know, but university, the deans and I together with a
I like to think that they are. Or at least that diandful of faculty members and some other
we have had some part in laying the ground- /key administrators, drove up to Lake Meti-
work that will help them to grow is wisdo , goshe, near the Canadian border for a sort
as the years go by, of retreat-an opportunity to get away from
We in higher education are someti s the day-to-day concerns of life on the cam-
charged, most often of late by our own s - pus; a chance to look at what we were doing
dents, with producing not well-rohinded, r a- through the large end of the telescope; an
soning, feeling, civilized members of socie y, opportunity to get some feeling of detach-
but rather technical automatons, custo ment. I felt it was a most successful outing.
styled to fit the needs of a mindless techno The initial recommendations that grew out
logical society, serving violence and war, and of that conference will be published soon.
into which they fit as faceless interchange- We talked about such relatively mundane
able parts. Robert Hutchins leveled the th' gs as needed changes in the various cur-
latter charge at American education 30 years ricu new ideas in research and extension;
ago and has continued to reiterate it since a syst for better evaluating and rewarding
then, including at the time of his visit here faculty e~ formance; greater real student and
a couple years back. It is a very serious faculty inc tlvement in decision making; the
charge. university's ysical needs; and the impor-
But I don't buy it. At least not completely. tance of accoxllmodating the academically
Granted, there is some very convincing evl- gifted student a~?.well as the academically
dente that our current society is more inter- underendowed. But',this was the first time,
ested in machines than it is in people. But I In recent years at least, that we have taken
am not at all convinced that the fault lies the opportunity to put WDSU under the mi-
wholly with the kind of people we have been croscope to come up with,recommendations
producing, through our educational system. about its future directions.
Rather, I would prefer to believe that this is, With a target date of 1975 to give us some-
as John Quincy Adams suggested, one step thing to shoot for, we are c rently begin-
in the evolution of mankind. Now that science ning to implement some of th recammen-
and technology have given us the tools for dations that came out of that etreat. We
true civilization, the challenge to us is to have lumped it all under the tile, SU '75.
learn to employ them for humane and post- Although this idea may seem ne to us, its
In looking back over the history of this The land-grant system that treat' d NDSU,
was conceived under a powerful d ooratic
institution and that of the -others like it
,
one cannot help but be profoundly impressed dictum: That all work is dignified, pnd that
by the extent to which they have succeeded students should be tau)ea ht on the basis of
in harnessing science and technology for hu- their ability to leare worthw le work,
manitarian purposes. Where would we be whether intellectuaractical, ra er than
today without the great achievements of our on the basis of monsocial post on.
colleges of agriculture, medicine, chemistry That position wquently r stated a
and engineering? few years back by J. Gardner when he
And to suggest that a man who is educated said, "We must learonor exce lence, in-
in science or one of the professions is neces- deed to demand it, inn every social accepted
sarily an unfeeling barbarian, incapable of human activity, hohumle . and to
humanitarian responses is a grossly subjec- scorn shoddiness, her exalt d. . An
tive judgment, wholly unsupportable by excellent plumber initely ore admir-
logic. able than an incomnt phi sopher. The
Most of us are agreed, I think, that it need society which scornellen in plumbing
not be an either-or situation. because it is a humctiv y and tolerates
We need not abandon our instruction in shoddiness in phily ecause it is an
technology and professional skills to place exalted activity will either good plumb-
more emphasis on the humanities. We can ing nor good philoso Neither its pipes nor
and must have both. Most important, I think, its theories will h water."
is that we must be constantly alert to the It is on this nd of philosophy that SU '75
And to that end, we must aggressively pursue It 1s-iT6t a list of specific changes we hope
positive change in the direction of, greater a-- ing about. Rather, it is a broad-based
attention to human concerns. L-....--- challenge to our teachers and students, a
This, then, brings me to the other major challenge to help us create environment in
problem I cited earlier, that of inertia and which SOU '75 can happen. The specifics of
inefficiency. Too many of us, I'm afraid, have these changes will come from our teachers,
a tendency to respond to crises such as these our students, and our alumni.
with "business-as-usual" methods. But be- And I am particularly pleased to report to
cause these complex problems don't lend Mr. Gallagher, who so kindly offered the
themselves to simple solutions, what we end services of NDSU's 17,000 alumni a few min-
up with in too many cases is doing "business- utes ago, that we do indeed have a challenge
worse-than-usual." for them. Among the changes we hope to
A leading American educator has said that see at NDSU by 1975 are in the physical face
in a great many of our colleges and universi- of our campus.
ties the most stubborn enemy of excellence One change is a new Music Building .as a
in performance has been low morale-a kind part of the" Fine Arts Complex which was
of hopelessness on the part of both adman- begun last year with the completion of
istration and faculty-hopelessness about Askanase 'Hall. Another would be the con-
struction of new South Stands at Dacotah
Field. Another is a new University Library.
And there are more-a Research and Devel-
opment Center to house the electronic com-
puters; a new Auditorium to replace Festival
Hall; and a Faculty-Alumni Center that will
provide an atmosphere for the continuing
exchange of ideas among all the Univer-
sity's people. Hopefully, some of these struc-
tures will be constructed with partial aid
from, state appropriations. Others may- be
eligible for Federal assistance. But part of
this total program-an estimated $4 million
worth-will have to come from sources other
than governmental. It is our hope that lead-
ership in this endeavor can be the alumni's
-stake in SU '75.
- I guess I had never really appreciated be-
fore, the great extent to which a university
is dependent upon its alumni. Faculty mem-
bers come and go. In the main, their loyalty
goes first to their discipline. Students are
here for four or five years. But the dedicated
alumnus belongs for the rest of his life.
There is a mutual interaction between a good
university and its alumni. As an institution
grows in stature, the value of its diplomas
grows accordingly. But such growth is real-
ized only through the concerned and com-
mitted participation of its alumni.
The people who founded this university 79
years ago, had, I'm sure, lofty hopes for what
it might become. I doubt if they envisioned
anything quite like what it is today. But
they, and the people who came after them,
have given us a strong foundation of dedi-
cation, commitments, and intellectual aspi-
ration on which to build.
Today we face a responsibility to them, to,
the people of North Dakota, to our students,
our alumni and ourselves that is infinitely
more far-reaching in its implications than
at any time before in our history.
In the light of this, it behooves us all to
move forward, shunning intellectual faddism
and conformity, yet striving for that singular
excellence and individuality that is this
University's heritage.
Thank you.
PRESENTATION OF PROFESSIONAL
TROPHY AWARD TO OHIO
Mr. SAXBE. Mr. President, I am proud
that Ohio has been selected winner of
the Professional Trophy Award for the
excellence of its industrial development
program last year.
The award is presented annually by
the Society of Industrial Realtors.
An independent board of judges voted
North Carolina runnerup for the 1968
award. Virginia placed third and will re-
ceive an honorable mention citation.
This is the second time in the past 3
years Ohio has won the award. North
Carolina captured the coveted trophy in
1960-the first year it was presented.
The award presentation will be made
to Ohio Gov. James A. Rhodes at a
luncheon May 6 at the Olympic Hotel in
Seattle during the annual spring meet-
ing of the society-a professional affili-
ate of the National Association of Real
Estate Boards. SIR members specialize
in marketing industrial properties and
meeting industry's real estate needs.
All States and Canadian provinces are
invited to compete for the award. In ad-
dition to Ohio and North Carolina,
previous winners have been Maine, Man-
itoba, Texas, Georgia, and Kentucky,
which won twice-in 1964 and 1967.
The Ohio industrial development pro-
gram is carried out by the State's de-
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
April 22, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE S 4023
va are asked to spend almost $2 billion.
to 1 d an American on the moon, while cur
entf$'a food and nutrition budget is esti-
mated at $720 million.
Vietnam ahead of the health of our ol}rIl
people.
A man on the moon is somehow more inn-
portant in our scheme of values than feed-
ing hungry children.
I believe it Is time to reconsider th se
priorities. I believe the American peo e,
and their Congress, are about to do exac ly
this,,,
Somehow in the maze of our political co~t -
plexities we have lost sight of human vsl?
ues. Perhaps we are about to rediscoter
them.
It' is on one specific aspect of these fir-.
gotten human values that I Wish to place
particular emphasis today.
As we call for specific programs and more
adequate funding, let those of us concerned
with health continue to demand that We
reconsider and revise the priorities which
shower funds on armaments and space ex-
plor tion at the expense of poor people.
Our nation has long adhered to the prin-
ciple of public education, insisting that $d-
cry American has the right to attend a free
public school.
Wesay that democracy must have enligltt-
ened, educated citizens if it In to remain P.
free !society.
Oyer economy promises rewards based on
In shool and concentrate on studies, they
will be able to get ahead.
H storically the philosophers of an equahf-
tartan society have always Insisted on the n-
divi$ual's right to an education as essen-
tial to giving every man an equal opportu'r
pity
Isn't it time that we realized that exactly
the same arguments apply to health?
It is an impudent mockery to say "all mien
are Created equal" to a boy whose body or
mind never developed properly because bis
migrant mother as a deficient pre-natal diet..
How can we seriously tell the child, whose
health has been weakened by years of slum
neglect, that because he lives in a free soci-
ety e must stand on his own two feet and
compete with his healthy middle class can-
temporaries for a job?
For our democracy to work, every person
must have an opportunity to achieve a de.
cent life for himself and his family.
Y t poor health is just as much of a
barrier as a lack of education for the poor
person-perhaps even more of a barrier, for
disease and malnutrition feed on the
strength and the spirit of a man; sucking
himl into despair and lethargy.
To fight their way out of poverty, poor
Americans need all of their strength, all of
their mental and physical resources.
Yet they have less access to national me4L-
cal and other health services than anyone
else n our society.
I believe it Is time to give new substance
to tlie promise of our democrati.:~ society to
the poor people of our nation.
L t us declare that among the inalienalble
rights of every man, woman, and child in
America is the right to be healthy. Let bus
declare that the right to be healthy is as s
sential a part of life, liberty, and the purl it
of happiness as is the right to an educati .
Ayd then, having avowed this comn4t=
me t, let us assert and achieve the right to
be wealthy in every slum, at every cress
can get medical assistance when it needs It.
The United States can do this.
Once the threats to our national health
have been recognized for what they are, we
will rise to fight them with the courage and
determination with which we have met other
threats to our security and freedoms.
We have the knowledge, we have the peo-
ple, we have the resources.
The right to health will add a shining new
star to the panoply of America's promise.
Let each of us do all we can In the battle
to make the right to be healthy an American
reality. L 11
FLIGHTS OF RECONNAISSANCE
PLANES TO CONTINUE
Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, the deci-
sion to continue the flights of reconnais-
sance planes in the Sea of Japan to send
armed escorts with them is a decision
only the President should have made.
Since that was his recision I support it.
I am sure North Korea received a much
stronger warning than has been made
public. A more emotional response might
have been more satisfying initially, but I
doubt if.it would have improved chances
for world peace.
From all evidence the shooting down
of the unarmed plane was an aggressive
act of war and while President Nixon
made only a temporary decision, I think
he made it crystal clear that he-and the
United States-will not tolerate such in-
cidents in the future. I support that
policy.
A COMMITMENT TO EXCELLENCE
Mr. BURDICK. Mr, President, on April
1.1, Dr. L. D. Loftsgard was inaugurated
as president of North Dakota State Uni-
versity in Fargo, N. Dak.
I believe his excellent inaugural ad-
dress, entitled "A Commitment to Ex-
cellence," covered many of the problems
and hopes in higher education today.
His thoughts would be of interest to any-
one concerned with the future develop-
ment and growth of higher education.
Therefore, I ask unanimous consent that
his address be printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the address
was ordered to be pri:ated in the RECORD,
as follows:
A COMMITMENT ro EXCELLENCE
(An address by Dr. L. D. Loftsgard, delivered
on the occasion of his inauguration as the
10th President of North Dakota State Uni-
versity, Friday, April. 11, 1969, at Fargo,
N. Dak.)
I recall reading in the paper last spring
about a Commencement address that our
esteemed neighbor Dr. Malcolm Moos was
slated to give at the University of Minnesota.
It seems that the exercises had been sched-
uled out-of-doors and, at the last minute,
had to be cancelled because of rain. Dr.
Moos, being an adaptable fellow as well as a
public speaker of no mean accomplishment,
decided, in preference to letting his speech
go to waste, to deliver it to the family dog
which had that day been graduated from
obedience school. He later reported the dog,
in the manner of students nowdays, had
howled piteously at several points, but at
least Dr. Moos had had the satisfaction of
feeling the day was not completely in vain.
We have a very nice dog at our house. But
I must say, it pleases me greatly that the
Jonahs among my associates, who have been
predicting for the past three months that
the mighty Red would have swollen its banks
with pride by now and inundated us all,
have been confounded and I'm not having
to give this talk to Rod, our family's Irish
Setter.
We are indeed pleased, and, speaking in
behalf of the University as well as myself,
flattered, to have such adistinguished group
of friends present for this occasion.
A university is like a human being in
many respects. And this is not really so sur-
prising if you stop to think about it-being
the brainchild of human beings and made
up of people. It has character, a personality,
an aggregate intellect, standing in its com-
munity, status among its peers and a social
role that constantly changes in some re-
spects, but remains rigidly constant in others.
I have t#ie.impression that, during its early
years, NDSU, or the Agricultural College as
it was known as in those days, was rather
a brash, young, no-nonsense kind of institu-
Uon, with its shirtsleeves rolled up and a
determination to do everything it could to
help the North Dakotans of that day survive
in an oftentimes hostile environment. The
work of such people as Edwin Ladd, the
Waldron brothers, H. L. Bolley and others
will attest to that.
In the years to follow, science and tech-
nology became the watchwords of the insti-
tution's education philosophy, equipping its
people with the tools and skills they would
need to cope with an increasingly technology-
oriented society.
NDSU's official designation as a university
nine years ago, portended another change in
Its philosophical role, a change which, in
keeping with its growing maturity as an
Institution, reflects not only the realization
that science and technology alone cannot
solve humanity's problems but society's
changing values as well.
I think Join ZQuincy Adams summed all
of this up rather succfntly. more than 150
years ago, when he said, "we must learn the
arts of war and independence so that our
children can learn engineering and architec-
ture, so that their grandchildren can learn
fine arts and painting." Ironically, visionary
though he was,. Johnluincy Adams ap-
parently could not foresee the extent to
which it would be necessary for us still to
be learning the arts of war, simultaneous
with engineering and architecture, while we
continue the search for the elusive keys to
human behavior that will allow us, one day,
to get off this frightening roller coaster ride
to self destruction.
This is a very exciting time to be involved
with higher education. I wouldn't trade my
role in it for anything. But It's also a very
sobering time.
Recently, a prominent educator who has
long been involved with educational plan-
ning on -a global scale, published a report
which he called a systems analysis of the
world crisis in education. In it, he identifies
five major forces at work in education today.
They include the great Mood of students we
all have been experiencing in the past couple
of decades; the alarming rise in the costs of
education which has accompanied this ex-
pansion; the scarcity of resources-both hu-
man and economic-to cope with these in-
creased demands; the unsuitability of the
output of higher education today; and,
finally, the Inertia and inefficiency we are
experiencing in adapting ourselves to cope
with these problems. .
Although each one of these factors is
menu for extensive deliberation. I'm going
to dwell for a moment on only the last two.
This one about the unsuitability of our
output should particularly concern us today.
As we watch our young people stride across
the Commencement platforms here, and at
other institutions this spring, I think we
would do well to ask ourselves just what
kind of creature is this that we have pro-
duced? I suppose there are some slightly
Frankensteinian connotations to that state-
ment, but I do think some rather deep soul
searching is in order at this particular point
in time.
When we speak of such things as quality or
suitability, we are not talking about a given
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 S 403&pproved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
CONGRESS
IO
NAL RECORD - SENATE April 22, 1969
pioneering spirit of the people of Utah improve the U.S. trade position in the could be absorbed during a period of peak
has been dramatically demonstrated. world. In some instances, this may re- demand, the result being that the U.S.
I would like to ask that an editorial ap- quire a reappraisal of our own trade re- marketplace was not seriously disrupted.
pearing in the Salt Lake Tribune this strictions which may be too restrictive Yet, the unhappy fact is this: tariffs on
morning be inserted at this point in the on the ability of American industries to fibers, textiles and apparel are scheduled for
RECORD. export more goods and services. decreases, in steps, over the next three years.
There being no objection, the editorial In other cases, negotiations will have We do not believe this situation is in the
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, to be undertaken with other nations in economy national and Lost. It Is detrimental
We simply our
follows: an effort to remove barriers and expand not be content with with chta We
reductions
A TRIBUTE TO VlsroN world trade. However, we would hope while our overseas competitors are using a
If there were any question about the U. that any tariff agreements negotiated different set of rules, aided by lower wage
of U.'s eminence in the world of Medical between our country and other countries rates and a broad variety of subsidies.
science they should be dispelled by the re- or groups of countries be based on true Accordingly, we have joined our largest
cent location at the institution of a nation reciprocity. Moreover, it should be
heart study center. The designation the textiles industry, in appealing
also emphasized that the United states will to the federal government. As you probably
augments the embryonic University Research
Parka
not stand idly by while others erect tradetart'know, them n awith r existence a v hick
-
From a field of several well-known, .long- barriers, particularly nontariff barriers, agreement with foreign nations wicd
established science centers, the U. of U. was which adversely affect the export of a paes.the what hat w seek is of this: bro de ng
selected as one of two locations for a full- American e t : a textiles
goods and
services.
The re- of thf this agreement to inni?rio
scale artificial heart test and evaluatio
d
ts"-
r
s must
n
uc
of
of $800,000 will start the project.------ unilateral actions which could jeopardize
Implications of such a program are varied the competitiveness of U.S. products in
and many. It amply justifies the emphasis on foreign markets.
medical research, at the University College In this connection, as an example of
of Medicine. Expanded facilities have pro- the trade problems faced by American
vided for a distinguished faculty and out- business, I ask unanimous consent to
standing contributions have been made to have printed in the RECORD an excerpt
medical progress. The Artificial Heart Testing from remarks by Mr. Charles Sommer,
award not only acknowledges University chairman of the board of the Monsanto
excellence; it contributes to it as well.
The project is a credit to University Presi- Co., at their annual meeting on March
dent James C. Fletcher and all those who 27, 1969, in St. Louis, Mo.
have worked diligently on the Research Park There being no objection, the excerpt
plan. The idea for commercial research con- was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
ducted in conjunction with colleges and uni- as follows:
versities has proven itself on campuses in
other states. But anything so ambitious al- It tionally the chairman, however, who trades
ways depends on ability and determination of certain reviews with you the coon oen our
to get started. of certain policies and regulations of our
Utah's selection for the heart testing cen- federal government-and to this end, I have
some rather specific observations to share
ter also derives from previous involve- t
uLi Li A, --L1 0R
has promised support for our program, and
we are now eagerly awaiting the first signs
of implementation.
INTELLIGENCE GATHERING AND
THE NAVY EC-121 PLANE
Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, some per-
sons reacted quickly to the downing 'of
the Navy EC-121 over the Sea of Japan
last week, with the thought that the
United States should not be flying so-
called spy missions anyway, and probably
could not turn up any useful information
as a result of such missions. In other
words, they were quick to say, in effect,
that the incident, like the Pueblo seizure
before it, should not have occurred be-
cause we should not have been there in
in the project planning by F1uldonics en Re- with you this year. taie fis place.
search Laboratory of ITE Im First, let me deal with the subject of I disagree, as I suspect most informed
Aerial Corpora- petroleum import quotas, which were estab- Americans do. Intelligence gathering in
tion, an early research park tenant. lished for national security ur os 10 th
p P es
the bellwether of similar research park ude-
velopments. Quite certainly it will attract
eminent scientists in the field of heart and
artificial organ medicine. Allied enterprises
are also likely to be located nearby.
We congratulate all. who have joined in
this cooperative effort. A special commenda-
tion should go to the many Utah citizens who
supported the scientific excellence at the
publicly supported institutions of higher edu-
cation. The bright future only glimpsed a few
years ago is almost at hand.
FUTURE U.S. TRADE POLICY
Mr. SYMINGTON. Mr. President, in
1968, the U.S. commercial trade surplus
declined $3.4 billion to a mere $100 mil-
lion, the lowest level since 1936. This
very serious deterioration in our trade
account resulted from a 22-percent in-
crease in imports as against only a 9-
percent increase in exports; and accord-
ing to a recent report by the Commerce
Department, prospects for substantially
improving this trade picture in the near
future would appear dim.
This report said in part:
If the export projections and the averaged
import projections should be approximately
correct-they are of course, subject to many
variables and are merely Illustrative of an-
ticipated trend-the indicated trade balance
in 1973 would range from a $1.8 billion deft,
cit to a $1.2 billion surplus.
It is essential therefore that all meas-
ures possible and practical be taken to
years a Jungle world we live in remains a
ago, to protect the ever
gy market in the necessity. Nor does it clarify the issue to
United
ob ec ivetnor doe ea ar ue gwithethe tnecesh call such intelligence missions Spying.
sity of maintaining a healthy domestic pe- Operations in or over international
troleum exploration and production program. waters are not quite the same as in-
However, far from the original purpose of trusions of another nation's sovereignty.
the quota system, we are caught in a harm- Aside from this, we do learn essential
ful squeeze in obtaining raw ma.tr?riai. fn'
vur u.o. petrochemical operations. As a re-
sult, chemical companies overseas can obtain
these feedstocks at prices 40 per cent below
those we have to pay for all feedstocks be-
yond the quotas. Consequently, we are cur-
rently paying a premium of $1.25 per barrel
for such feedstocks; and this amounts +a
bounty borne by Monsanto but not by for-
eign competitors.
As you can see, this puts us at a material
disadvantage in selling our products In ex-
port markets. And as tariff reductions are
made under the Kennedy Round, our domes-
tic competitive position will be in further
jeopardy.
Therefore, we have joined with other U.S.
companies, whose petrochemical operations
are similarly affected, in petitioning our gov-
ernment to remove import restrictions on
petroleum feedstocks for petrochemical man-
ufacture. This would allow companies of this
nation to be fully competitive here and
abroad.
Now let me turn attention to an even
larger segment of our business: man-made
fibers. Again in 1968, Imports reached an all-
time high, approaching 10 per cent of our
nation's total consumption. About two-
thirds of the imports involved fibers them-
selves, and the rest were In blends in the
form of textiles and apparel.
And how fortunate it was that at least
during the year 1968, additional imports
though, as in all intelligence operations,
we also turn up much chaff. Sunday, the
New York Times, published an article
which gives a good example of why the
planes fly these missions. I ask unani-
mous consent that it be printed in the
RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
WHY THE PLANES FLY THOSE RISKY
MISSIONS
(By William Beecher)
WASHINGTON.-The slow, four-engine EC-
121 moved into position some 50 miles off
the eastern coast of North Korea. At a master
radio console, a senior radio specialist who
spoke Korean fluently started slowly turning
his radio dial.
He listened for a few minutes and decided
one channel was potentially interesting,
carrying the voice transmission of a nearby
radio operator guiding a pair of MIG's in his
plane's direction.
He signaled to another technician to lock
on to this frequency, clear out the static,
and start a tape recorder.
Over the next 30 minutes, the linguist
had Swept the entire frequency band and had
a dozen channels monitored and taped simul-
taneously.
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-4029
1 22 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
r?- f
of the general public also could articipate' fields. The grants and loans are adminis- our beliefs again to the community of
more directly, if they choose, as vtMinteers in tered by some 500 colleges and universities nations by the simple action of publicly
probat on and parole programs-A number now taking part in the program. Eventually, voting to support these provisions.
of pilot programs indicate sudllolunteers`: 1,800 schools are expected to participate. This There is no real excuse for delay. Let
can be very valuable additions a system program will be of great help in improving US act now to finish what should have
now g eaely overburdened and sl&t of per- correctional personnel and aiding recruit-
svnnelG went efforts as well. The education funds this been completed years ago. Let us ratify
. Let i me mention one federa%y-financed year are assisting some 14,000 persons. For these Human Rights Conventions.
project that has demonstrated t8 effective-' the next fiscal year, we hope to have about
ness of volunteers in corrections work. Aj $20 million for the education program. That
Denve County Court probation program, would enable us to finance college studies UNIVERSITY OF UTAH CHOSEN FOR
d RTTFICI HEART PROGRAM-
which receivea federal grant, n6'W hss some by some 40,000 persons-rlost of them in cor-
800 v lunteers who work with people on rections and police work. Those figures rep- A TRIBUTE .,VISION
probon. The volunteers are a es-Section resent a substantial and very promising Mr. BENNETT. President, last
of the community they includ$?' celebrities beginning.
like embers of the Denver Brot os football The complaint is often leard that just Saturday ait was mey oprivile f Heageh Eleaca-
possible team. The large number of nelu nse or pet about , everybody , i ignoregcorrections. But tionfrom
and Welfare that the University of
a a ratio of about one ct been pe that, I think, cha in Your presence Utah has been chosen by the National
probationer. To date, results hake been ve here Is one andn aou ti counTtie work terparts baecrossdthe Heart Institute as one of the Nation's
encouraging. Re-arrests before "the proje re by you y of Title ran 3,6 percent. But for those fto have ave re', Ioth t _ ti, s? be treea ed eseatfull and first full-scale artificial heart, test, and
calve the concentrated re t n service, evaluation centers.
half-t# equal partner 1n the criminal justice sys-
the rate has dropped more tea-?n tam-in pia lag and In allocation of fi- The university's proposal was one of
1.5 percnt.
adult We nancial mureso st ow trans rtes ra mit another. that sense of ur- stwo selected over 13 others submitted by
If national surveys show thfliensibilittais
ome of the most prestigious medical een-
ust
Of many are hardened againin$ the adult le
offal everywhere support tars in the Nation. It was made possible
ers perhaps greater youthful offehy could be base effort as th gh their lives depended by many factors, not the least of which
ple for have the always s been Ioffellvred As a the
people the on it. In m e instances than we might like
people op
sight of youngsters in trouble. *-great many to admit, th is precise l; the case. is the excellent faculty and staff at university medical center.
of tnm are in deep trouble today. Combined with this personal asset is
an excellent bioengineering program and
JUVENILE INJUSTIt H MAN RIGHTS
'h s country has been guilty of many President, the a computer science department, all of
failures in attempting to cop$ with crisis Mr. PROXNhiRE. 1JIr. which will support the overall project.
but one is so spectaucular Al- our failure United States of America has long been Nor can one fail to mention the fine
to de %1 with the youthful offender. None 16 6c regarded by othe peoples of the world work that has already been accomplished
signs cant, none is so fright ih1g for our as a great sancta y of human rights. at the university in the he aof artificial
children are our most lawless ailzens. Receilt We have tried to e~ablisli an example organs. Also the program area will be closely re resetil Hgur s show that persons those st dfor t of high ideals by the claration of In- coordinated with the Latter-Day Saints 64 mserious percent of all tse ai?i4ste for tidependence and to etern lly preserve this Hospital in Salt Lake City where a great
most bs aggravated a crimes; ss assault, 5 iurglaryorcible ri if 0e, rexample in our Constitute and deal of pioneer medical work has been
robbery, aggravated
, the pro- dnn heart problems.
This is the Nat that pro-
hts
o
f Ri
eve
.
g
cent' auto theft. Eight of every 10 auto thpltm o
The recent developments in Texas
were by persons under 21. So were seven o" fessed to hold out the shinin beacon of o e
every 10 arrests for robbery. tai 15 and t6- freedom and opportunity to the ass for- wherein a man was kept alive for 65 hours
year}olds are arrested more nit
SCCO
arrest rates for all crime' for juveniles Give me your tired, your poor, show
organs. Iethink we can safely
continue to grow wildly. In 1966, for Vin- Your huddled masses yearning to be fra
stance, arrests of adults declined slightly but The wretched and refused of your teeming`- say that we have only begun in the search
eniles increased"Eine percent. shores. V artificial devices to replace the hu-
f
juv
streets o
If they are criminals as youths the odds now Send these, the homeless, tempest tossed to in heart where necessary.
are ~ood they will be every adult nals' as me;
adults. Four out of every five :adult felons I lift my lamp beside the golden door. I ave worked very closely with many were convicted of misdemeanors -generally In the years following the Second petsproje t S , in andgthat I think obtaining all will apprDVal join for me this
his
youths-before committing their more World War, a world exhausted by strife pay sayin
se the University of Utah
serious crimes. Most of that cgti d have been
in and horrified by the revelation of will art its best scientific and medical
i
t
?B
cal
em
sys
s
prented. The juve Pile justlt
sued disrepair that of the 40(000 youths In Dachau, Breslau, and Auschwitz drew effor to become the artificial heart cen-
oo,6o if them are up a convention to outlaw any such fu- ter f the world.
jail each year, about 100,0o6__
imprisoned with hardened, ad It criminals. tune action. It was resolved that never past dedication, performance, and
No program can substitute for the concern again would an attempt to exterminate grofessional qualifibations are any cri-
that the people of this county must develop. an entire people like the Nazi persecu- Iteria, I am sure Utah will succeed.
They must know that we j r go on fait- tion of the Jews be permitted to occurs ays in dsstmahaveuany ren al such
hopeproortomorroYr The resulting United Nations Conve i- This award brings a great deal of satis-
Those children are, after all, the one not rat tion on Genocide met with enthusiastic faction to President James C. Fletcher,
resource that we cannot Tgetrtalong with i t. approval in most of the world, but here of the university, and to his fine staffat
in the United States Senate it bogged the school. I also wish personally to thank
0?.1 compliment the dean of the medi-
hoof
,
( ncern muse, or course be =~_= Y+
action. In addition to the substantial aci9n Relations. on q vests later. the United States to Dr_FrankW. Hastings, the chief of the
=a - s.......t a-n-..h na wP11 as Dr.
pr grams more effective are being started by convention. Eighty nations nave pre-
the-National and contributions in this exciting field.
Institute of Law Enforce ent ceded us in the ratification of the Geno-
and criminal Justice, the research bod `of tide Convention, and the Senate has as I should also make public note of the
LEAA. The Institute also will evaluate the yet taken no action. uncounted hours given by L. Ralph
of off program in of jexilute about every major ype YAlso unpassed are the Conventions on Mecham, formerly a vice president at the
etiveness Additional in epreri dditional qualified manpower is rs is et'. de er- Political Rights for Women and on university; Raymond Hixon and Warren
ately needed throughout corrections. Yo of Forced Labor. There is no element in the Johnston, of fluidonics divisions of the
course, know only too well hew overburd reed American society that can be offended Imperial Eastman Corp., who also con-
correctional personnel are. Another ne d is by the ideals set forth in these Convey- tributed to the success of this award.
for increased professionallzation of pr sent bons; indeed, they reaffirm what Amer- Truly this is a milestone for the State
lies ea ica claims to have stood for for 193 years. of Utah and as the years go by and we
s ls, a major step toward
flies The United States practices political look back to the developments which I
ga5 ls, mthe illion t tLEAA oo finance year college has give degree n a dies
$ .l
by corrections and law enforcement pe son- rights for women, and abhors forced am sure will come in the area of artificial
nel and those studying for careers in_ 1i0se labor, Why -should we not demonstrate organs, we can say that once again the
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
S 4032 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE April 22, 1969
cient and wholly responsible administration.
Up to now, all things considered, that's what
we've been having.
Dick Nixon has been doing very well in-
deed. He's not only doing the job as he out-
lined it before his election, he's doing it
even better.
The proof of that pudding, despite the
yips of the wahoo warriors, is that a lot of
Americans who didn't vote for him in No-
vember would do so today.
Our new President has everything to gain
by following his present course-and possibly
everything to lose by following the voices
which echo Hanoi's and Moscow's complaints.
SECRETARIES WEEK
Mr. HATFIELD,. Mr. President, I wish
to remind Senators that Secretaries
Week will be observed April 20-26, 1969,
and will mark they 18th consecutive year
for this observancq'. Wednesday, April 23,
will be highlighted as Secretaries Day.
Although Secretaries Week was orig-
inated in 1952 by the National Secre-
taries Association, !International, in co-
operation with th4 U.S. Department of
Commerce, it is for all secretaries.
The whole pure se of NSA, through
its various aetivit es, including Secre-
taries Week, is to aintain a program of
continuing educati n for secretaries to
keep them updated on changes and new
developments.
Business equip ent manufacturers
recognize the ever- rowing importance
of skilled office per nne1. They realize
that in this age of tdchnological change
it is imperative for business enterprises,
if they are to take full advantage of the
modem equipment now available, to
have staffs trained and educated to meet
the challenge of competition.
It is truly said: "Better secretaries
mean better business."
TRUTH IN GOVERNMENT
Mr. YOUNG of O 'oI. Mr. President,
one of the greatest n ds of this country
is a truth-in-govern ent law. In Amer-
ica, 1,900,000 of tfinest young men
have been sent to V etnam and Thailand
to fight in an unpopular undeclardd war.
More than 200,000 nine young Americans
have been killed and wounded 'in Viet-
nam to date, and; more than 2,000 are
missing inaction or are prisoners of war.
Thousands have died from bubonic
plague, hepatitis, malaria, and other
jungle diseases, and many more will suf-
fer from the effects of and recurrence of
attacks of these 'diseases throughout
their lives. Also, we` are spending at least
$1 billion this year :on an anti-ballistic-
missile system to ring various areas of
our country including Washington,
D.C., with an ABM system, now termed
safeguard ABM, by some bright public
relations man working in the Pentagon.
Americans should know the truth-this
boondoggle may eventually cost as much
as $100 billion and be obsolescent by the
time that ABM silos have been installed
just as were the Nike-Zeus missiles and
others on which billions of dollars of
taxpayers' money were wasted.
Since 1954, and particularly from No-
vember 1963, our country has replaced
France in world opinion as the aggressor
nation in Vietnam. Americans know that
the strongest defense against commu-
nism is to make our American system of
government work so that men and wom-
en the world over will regard the United
States as the nation hen all citizens, re-
gardless of race or color are liberty-lov-
ing Americans enjoying qual opportuni-
ties and complete freed . It is high time
that Americans were told the truth-
that more than 600,0 0 Americans are
fighting in Southeast 4sia and many of
them dying because tle administration
refuses to admit our mistake in attempt-
ing to create a pro-Ampriean, and anti-
Chinese buffer state in South Vietnam
following the time the French withdrew
in 1954. As Walter Lippmann bluntly
put it, "We are fighting to save face."
More than 2,500 years ago Confucius
wrote, "A man who makes a mistake
and does not correct it makes another
mistake." A nation making a mistake
and failing to correct it likewise makes
another mistake. &I q,,
PRESIDENT'S REACTION TO NORTH
KOREAN TREACHERY IS WISE
Mr. HRUSKA. Mr. President, the
shooting down last Tuesday of the U.S.
Navy EC-121 reconnaissance plane by
North Korea has resulted in a further
demonstration of the firm, calm, and
capable grip which President Nixon has
on our country's foreign affairs.
In making clear that our surveillance
in international air space must and will
continue and in stressing that such
flights will be protected, the President
did not respond with ineffective threats.
He has responded with a statement of
the case.
Dealing with an unpredictable and
paranoid nation is at best difficult. It
would be the height of folly to succumb
to the temptation to act as that nation
acts, irrationally and irresponsibly. Pres-
ident Nixon has chosen clarity and rea-
son. The policy he has announced is not
ambiguous, and I commend him for it.
I ask unanimous consent that the four
newspaper editorials commenting on the
President's action be printed, in the
RECORD.
The first, from the Oakland, Calif.,
Tribune, of which our former colleague
is editor and publisher, well posed the
spirit and feeling of the Nation at large,
as to what should and what should not
be done.
The other three are typical appraisals
and approvals of the President's firm,
realistic action.
There being no objection, the editorials
were ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the Oakland (Calif.) Tribune,
Apr. 17, 1969]
ANOTHER ACT OF BARBARISM-ANOTHER
INSULT UNANSWERED?
Our nation today is once again gripped
in the agonizing dilemma of how to respond
to a murderous and barbarous act by the
belligerent Communist regime in North
Korea.
North Korea is scornfully boasting to the
world that on Tuesday it downed "with one
stroke" a United States Navy reconnaissance
plane with a crew of 31 men aboard.
The Pentagon says two bodies, but no sur-
vivors, have been found.
Our plane, a lumbering, 300-m.p.h. pro-
peller-driven surveillance aircraft laden with
six tons of electronic equipment, was clearly
defenseless-in fact, shockingly defenseless
under the circumstances.
The kill-apparently by two sophisticated
Communist MIG jets-was as simple` to
achieve as it was cowardly.
Ours was a routine reconnaissance flight-
the sort of flight which has been common
over the Sea of Japan for 20 years, the sort
of reconnaissance activity, in fact, carried
on today by every world power.
The North Koreans contend the U.S. plane
violated their air space-as if, even if it were
true, this fact alone could somehow make
right a homicidal skeet shoot in the sky
with 31 defenseless American airmen as the
target.
Our government flatly denies any such air
space violation. The Pentagon insists the
plane was lawfully traveling only in inter-
national corridors. The recovery by rescue
ships of the bodies and portions of the
plane's wreckage 120 miles off the North Ko-
rean coast points ominously to a blatant
North Korean lie.
Our nation, of course, has been here be-
fore-just 15 months ago when the USS
Pueblo was seized by North Korea, with one
of its crewmen killed and the remainder ig-
nominiously imprisoned, tortured and sub-
jected to extracted "confessions."
We responded then with a weakness unbe-
fitting our role as the leading defender of
freedom and democracy against the dictators
and tyrants of not only the Far East but of
the entire planet.
When the Pueblo was seized we should
have immediately proceeded to blockade
Wonsan and other North Korean ports. No
vessels should have been allowed to leave
or enter until the Pueblo and its crew were
back under United States jurisdiction.
But we didn't. Perhaps the argument could
have been made then that to do so would
have jeopardized the lives of the Pueblo
crewmen. No such claim can now be made.
The words and warning of Thomas Jeffer-
son at an earlier date in our history haunt
us today.
In a letter to John Jay, Jefferson urged
not only the establishment of a strong U.S.
naval force but also prompt retaliation
against any aggressor seizing or harassing
U.S. ships on the high seas.
Speedy retaliation, Jefferson declared, was
necessary because-as he put it-"An insult
unanswered is the parent of many others."
We shall not be so presumptuous as to
suggest what specific course of action our
President should now take. No citizen does
or can have the information available to a
President. None of us can know all the im-
plications of this latest, and obviously delib-
erate, Communist diversionary tactic.
But we can suggest what ought not be the
limit of our response. We ought not merely
express our outrage. We ought not be satis-
fled with merely a "strong diplomatic pro-
test." We ought not let the matter repose
in a new round of "negotiations" with sullen
and smug tin-horn tyrants. We, ought not
settle for only the ultimate issuance of some
debasing and self-degrading mutual "state-
ment"-as we did in the Pueblo incident.
For, as surely as the unanswered insult
of the Pueblo seizure was the parent of Tues-
day's bloodthirsty attack on our unarmed
reconnaissance plane, just as surely will this
latest insult-if unanswered-be the parent
of yet further insult and tragedy to our
nation.
[From the Washington Star, Apr. 19, 19691
THE RESPONSE
The protest lodged in Panmunjom over
the downing of the United States recon-
naissance plane by North Korea is, in view
of the diplomatic realities, just about as
Approved. For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
April 22, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE S 4031
American plane operated out of an air base
near Tokyo, many Japanese feared involve-
ment in a new Asian conflct not of their own
choosing. But Premier Sato defended the
United States' right to conduct reconnais-
sance flights over international waters, and
said such flights were "necessary" in the kind
of world in which Japan Lives. He added that
the deterrent power of the United States-
Japanese security treaty eliminated the dan-
ger that Japan might be dragged into a war.
sive liberal camp can be expected from now
on. How they will be used can be predicted
with great accuracy. Whatever the President
does will be either dead wrong, or inadequate.
Above all he will be assailed for resisting
Communist pressures from any source,
whether Hanoi, Moscow or Peking.
What continually astounds me about the
Fulbrights and the McGovern is their con-
summate gall in attempting to dictate pres-
idential policy. It was Richard Nixon who
was elected to the White House, not the
George McGovern who? couldn't even get
nominated by his own party. And although J.
William Fulbright wants to be Secretary of
State so bad he can tasty it, even the liberal-
minded John F. Kenna wouldn't give him
the job.
Compounding the gasp of the Fulbrights,
McGovern and their ilk is the fact that none
of them really know what they are talking
about. It Is only the President who has ac-
cess to all the information needed to make
momentous decisions. In his position, sig-
nificantly and fortunately, he cannot afford
to have the kind of one$rack, made-up mind
displayed by the leftist.liberal critics.
When Lyndon B. Johnson was in the White
House he had a-framed quotation from Abra-
ham Lincoln sitting onhis desk. It said:
"If I were to try to reed, much less answer,
all the attacks made on me, this shop might
as well be closed for any other business. I do
the very best I know how-the very best I
can; and I mean to keep doing so until the
end. If the end brings tree out all right, what
is said against me won't amount to anything.
If the end brings me out wrong, ten angels
swearing I was right' would make no dif-
ference."
That is a perfect guideline for any Presi-
dent-one which shduld be hung perma-
nently on the wall of the White House Oval
Room. It certainly would spare any Chief Ex-
ecutive a lot of unnecepsary worry if he didn't
listen to, look at or red all the mean, biting,
cutting, incisive attaks on him. It's only
proper to be aware 4f such opposition, of
course, but he certaiily doesn't have to try
to appease the critits nor should he be
upset by them.
FDR had the gift of0aughing off his critics,
sometimes demolishing them with a quip.
Eisenhower, too, had) something of a cast-
iron serenity. But Tr an sometimes let the
critics get under hiss in and even the suave,
easy-going Jack Kenn4dy banned the Herald-
Tribune from the White House. LBJ, despite
the motto on his deslq was the most vulner-
able of all in recent yarn -eventually to the
point of political paralysis.
I have a hunch than Dick Nixon, who once
blew up at the press, has learned the hard
way to let carping cri cism roll off his back.
After all, he knew exactly what his job en-
tails before he got it. And he certainly knows
that the leftist-liberals who are now whoop-
ing after him didn't v4te'for him in the first
place, and never will.
Nothing is more truo than the saying that
the buck stops at the ',President's desk. Dick
Nixon has many crucial decisions ahead of
him-on Vietnam, the Mid-East, national de-
fense, domestic priorities and equally con-
troversial matters. However pressing any one
problem is, furthermore, it is going to have
to be considered and? weighed against the
commitments and needs of the others.
There is only one man who can, must and
is qualified to make those tremendous de-
cisions, and that is the man who was elected
to make them. So far President Nixon Is being
criticized for doing exactly what he said he
Intended doing-to carefully and cautiously
consider all his options before acting at the
proper time in the best Interests of all the
people.
He promised no grandiose new programs,
offered no panaceas and held out no hopes
that America's problems would be solved
overnight. Instead he promised a sane, effi-
Most of the information, when it was de-
to the top-secret National Security
Agency atFort Meade, Md., would turn out
to be of little value. But a few nuggets, when
analyzed and dovetailed with #fiformatioi}
turned up at a diplomatic cocktail party in
Jakarta, some photographs from a high-fly.
lug reconnaissance satellite, and a report
from an agent working as a stevedore in $
Soviet port city, would reveal that after the
seizure of the spy ship Pueblo' 15 months
ago, Russia more than doubled _the number
of surface-to-air missile sites In North Korea,
from 14 to 35, representing a total of 210
launchers. Future intelligence missions
would attempt to pinpoint each, of the new
sites, 1etermine the quality of their equip.
ment and the training of their Crews.
If ar breaks out in Korea, knowledge or
where) these SAM's are and how-they might
be thlwarted might be a crucial factor in
the ol.tcome.
I ABOUT 190 MISSIONS
This mission happened not to be the one
last Monday in which two North Korean
MIG's came out and shot down the Navy
reconnaissance plane. But it might well have
been.
Over the last three months, the United
States has flown about 190 similar missions
over the Sea of Japan.
Others have focused on coniffiunications
relating to Communist China's missile pro-
gram, I the border dispute between Russia and
Chin new radars being Installed In all three
poten rally hostile Communist countries.
Th Soviet Union's readiness to lend the
assistance of two destroyers in searching for
possible survivors among the plane's 31-mati
crew was, in the opinion of some Americani
officials, not only an act of humanity but
also an indication that Russia, with its owls.
intelligence problems, was not particularly
happy over the attack in international air
spacei
Thal Soviet union has an extensive a world-
wide ntelligence-gathering net as the United
States, concentrating rather more on intelli-
gence; trawlers and less on planes, but with
abouti as many spy satellites.
A limited number of officials In both na,-
tions are fully aware of how important fast,
accurate information can be in the cold war.
The downed propellor-driven-EC-121 had
about six tons of electronics equipment. The
31 men aboard made up two crews t o enable
the plane to remain on station for abo
eight hours. The intense nature of the or
lnvol~ed requires that the technicians refit
occasilonally.
SATELLITES UNSATISFACTORY
In addition to monitoring radio messages,
this type of plane is equipped to determine
the frequencies employed in air-defennsse~e
radar The missions that the plans carry out
are said to be too complex for spy satellites
to conduct effectively,
"It would be nice," said a rallying Intel-
ligenc{e official, "if we could program all the
things we need Into satellites, push a fell'
buttons, and then wait for the Information
to come flowing in.
"Unfortunately that day, if it ever comes, is
still r retty distant. What satellite can carry
the si tons of equipment hauled by the EC-
121? More important, without human judg-
ment, how is It to decide which radio fre-
quencies to monitor?"
"That's one of the principal reasons," he
added, "why President Nixon insisted that,
despite the risks, the EC-121 mission must
resume off the Korean coast. It we give up
our eyes and ears, we better get out of the
area, fast."
FALLOUT IN JAPAN
The "spy plane incident" prompted the
opposition Socialist party in Japan to revive
attacks last week against the pro-America A
policiesof Premier Eisaku Sato. Because the
THE PRESIDENT IS DOING THE
BEST HE CAN
Mr. BENNETT. Mr. President, Presi-
dent- Nixon has become a prime target
of certain political factions both in Con-
gress and throughout the country. They
seem compelled to take Put their own
frustrations on the Preent and have
attacked him without gi 'ng him a fair
chance to resolve the Arave problems
which he faces.
Recently the editor ,n chief of the
Hearst newspapers w ote an article
about these attacks. I ink Mr. Hearst
has placed the proble]. in a very clear
perspective. I ask un nimous consent
that his editorial be printed in the
RECORD. I
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be prinlih_d in the RECORD,
as follows: i
EDITOR'S REPORT: DOING JTHE BEST HE CAN
(By William Randol h Hearst, Jr.)
NEW YoRx, March 22.- prang wasn't the
only development sprur g during the past
week. The waooo warribrs of the nation's
leftist-liberal establish ent, after sharpen-
ing their tom haw in unaccustomed
silence for two month , also sprung their
expected spring offens1v on President Nixon.
It was inevitable t t they soon would
take off after the Nixoi} scalp. As a symbol
of conservative Repub icanism, that scalp
would make an even tter trophy for the
liberal wigwam than at of the Johnson
scalp now hanging the , Johnson, after all,
was a Democrat.
Thus about the only surprising aspect of
the war whoops now b fng sounded, largely
over the Nixon decisi to go ahead with
the Sentinel missile ystem, Is that the
wahoos were able to h ]d off so long. Some
of them, notably Sen. . William Fulbright,
in fact couldn't wait fo the rest of the pack.
Even before the Nizo ABM announcement,
Chief Doveweathers fro Arkansas was wail-
ing that the President s about to risk Mos-
cow's displeasure. Whe the announcement
actually came, it was li e a signal for all the
rest to follow the Fulbr ht lead.
In thundering editor is, such liberal pol-
icy shapers as the New York Times and the
New York Post decreed at Nixon's ABM de-
cision was a disaster f m any angle. Since
then their stables of pu dlts-quickly joined
by all the other acid-pe , self-proclaimed in-
tellectuals of the leftis -liberal camp-have
been lambasting the rsident himself as a
poor leader limited, ac >rding to one of "a
narrow, political, taco 4 and public rela-
tion view of the world.'
And it's only the beg) .ning. George J. Mc-
Govern, a dove who pa rots the Hanoi line,
sounded what is guar teed to be the big-
gest single theme of the, assault by castigat-
ing the new administratii n for what he called
its lack of "strength and courage to genuine-
ly reverse our course ii; Vietnam." Almost
simultaneously, groups 01 war protestors an-
nounced they will resume mass demonstra-
tions with a coordinated turnout in 23 cities
on the Easter weekendof April 3-6.
Once again, in other words, the same old
slings and arrows of the poisonous and divi-
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R00030013DDWA
 Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
April 22, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE S 4033
much as this country can do by way of a
non-military response. The decision to con-
tinue with the spy flights and to provide
them with protection is the least that can
be done to protect American lives.
President Nixon described the response as
an interim move, pending a reply to the pro-
test by Pyongyang. The probability is, how-
ever, that North Korea will either disregard
the protest or counter with a protest of its
own that the United States intruded on
North Korean airspace. And the further prob-
ability is that the diplomatic dispute will
stop there.
The only diplomatic escalation that could
take place would be a move to bring the mat-
ter to the United Nations Security Council.
But this would be an empty gesture. North
Korea is not a member of the UN, and al-
ready has been branded an aggressor by the
council. It could also be an unwise gesture,
for it would force Russia to abandon its
present neutral posture and side with North
Korea, thereby jeopardizing the impending
arms limitations talks.
As to the military response, it must be as-
sumed that the President and his advisers
have reviewed the need for the reconnais-
sance flights, and have concluded that the
information supplied is worth the demon-
strated risks involved. And the decision to
protect such missions puts North Korea
clearly on notice that the response to any
future attack will be something more than
a stiff note.
To have responded with ' an immediate
retaliatory attack would have meant a seri-
ous risk of Involving the United States in a
second hot Asian war. And there are some
indications that the attack was not a fully
premeditated official act calling for a puni-
tive response; that it was, perhaps, a paranoid
general's notion of a fitting birthday gift
for Premier Kim II-Sung.
[From the Baltimore Sun, Apr. 19, 19691
WARNING GIVEN
Like the protest officially delivered to
North Korea at Panmunjom, President
Nixon's statement at his press conference on
the shooting down of a naval reconnaissance
plane was impressive for Its restraint, a re-
straint appropriate to the seriousness of the
incident. He emphasized the fact that the
unarmed aircraft had not flown closer than
40 miles to the North Korean coast and he
described the attack on it-90 miles from
shore-as unprovoked, deliberate and with-
out warning. He also made it very clear that
these surveillance flights are regarded as nec-
essary, and that they will be resumed, con-
tinued and from now on, protected.
Although Mr. Nixon declined to say what
form the protection would take and was
careful to note that his order for the pro-
tection was not a threat, the firmness with
which he announced it can be interpreted as
very plain notice to North Korea that it can-
not halt the intelligence missions of United
States planes over international waters and
that any new attempts to interfere with those
missions by force will be met by force,
That this is what might be called an in-
terim decision is apparent from the Presi-
dent's assertion that "Looking to the fu-
ture ... what we will do will depend upon
the circumstances." It will depend, he added,
on what North Korea does, on "its reaction
to the protest and also other developments
that occur as we continue these flights." The
incident of the EC121 is not finally disposed
of. For the time being it is being left to
diplomatic exchanges.
Obviously Mr. Nixon is trying to avoid any
action that would worsen an already thor-
oughly bad situation. But he has told North
Korea-an "unpredictable country," he said-
that it will not be permitted to change the
United States policy on aerial reconnaissance
or to repeat its attack on our planes. Re-
strained as this message is, it carries an ex-
tremely sober warning.
[From the New York Daily News, Apr. 19,
1969]
A FIRM, CALM STAND
A firm, calm stand was taken at his news
conference yesterday by President Richard
M. Nixon on Red North Korea's Monday
shooting down of an unarmed U.S. EC-121
reconnaissance plane.
One hunrded ninety similar flights had
gone unmolested this year, so that Monday's
attack was a complete surprise.
The intelligence flights are essential, said
the President, and will go right on-but pro-
tected henceforth (by aircraft carriers in the
Sea of Japan).
This calm firmness probably will disap-
point some Americans. And the Nixon tactics
no doubt will have to be revised if North
Korea persists in these Pueblo and EC-121-
type outrages. For the time being, though,
it looks to us as if Mr. Nixon is acting wisely.
AMERICAN PERSEVERANCE
Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, the former
Prime Minister of Great Britain, the
Earl of Avon, has authored a well-rea-
soned, cogent essay summing up the need
for American persev9r'ance, not only in
its negotiations over Vietnam, at Paris,
but also in its attem is to approach. the
Chinese, in the reali tion that any set-
tlement in Asia whit can endure must
take into considerati n in the interests
of the representative of Peking.
I ask unanimous c nsent that the ar-
ticle, written by A ` thong Eden, and
published in last S!urday's New York
Times, be printed in he RECORD.
There being no ob eetion, the article
was ordered to be pri ted in the RECORD,
as follows:
Topics: WHY WE Mudr PERSEVERE WITH
CHIN.
(By Anthony Eden, Fail of Avon) s
LONDON.-Nobody should be surprised at
the recent outbreaks df fighting on the
Russo-Chinese frontier. Tension, punctured
by incidents, has been tide rule along much
of the 4,000-mile frontier for some time now.
We are not yet at the e"eid of the busines,
and we shall make a gravy mistake if we be-
little or discount the part! which China must
play in any settlement in Southeast Asia.
Frontier forays are not he only expression
of the growing bitterns between Moscow
and Peking., Chou En-14's rebuke of the
Soviet Invasion of Czech lovakia last au-
tumn was sternly meant The Chinese are
acutely aware that they , also are Russia's
neighbors. Their purpose in censuring Mos-
cow was in part, no doub to serve advance
notice that no pretext of ommunist neigh-
borliness could ever justi-
f any Russian in-
tervention across Chinese frontiers.
Can these events be exp4cted to have any
influence on relations bet een the United
States and China? The Chinese conviction
that the United States menaces her security
is, I believe, genuinely held; In Chinese eyes
the inescapable evidence of this is the Amer-
ican military presence on he continent of
Asia. It follows that if Was]ington contem-
plates a negotiation which would result in a
phased reduction of American forces from
South Vietnam, in return for a withdrawal
of North Vietnamese forces, China will be a
deeply interested party and should prudently
be treated as such.
Not too much should be made of the post-
ponement of the talks in Warsaw. There were
some epithets flying when this happened.
The time could soon come when Peking
I Lord Avon, former Prime Minister of
Great Britain, served as joint chairman of the
1954 Geneva Conference on Far Eastern Af-
would not be embarrassed to exchange reflec-
tions with Washington, whether confiden-
tially or otherwise. The United States has
wisely shown a continued readiness to nego-
tiate even after its opposite number declined
the last round of talks. There is a fair chance
that the Chinese will see in this an opening
which could be useful.
VIETNAM WAR PRESENCE
It is not possible to approach the question
of negotiation in Southeast Asia without
regard to the events of the last fourteen
years. With the passage of time, the mount
ing commitment and loss of life, all ques-
tions become more intense and harder to -
solve and it is necessary to get back to first
principles. These are that the United States
has no wish to establish any military pres-
ence anywhere In Indo-China, provided that
North Vietnamese military forces are with-
drawn from south of the demilitarized zone.
This condition is indispensable if South
Vietnam is to be free to determine her own
future, but it carries with it the terms of
American disengagement. A comparable with-
drawal on both sides from Laos has to be
phased In with any Vietnamese agreement. If
we are to get back to the 1954 Geneva Agree-
ments for Vietnam, we have also to return to
the 1963 Agreement for Laos.
The fighting in Laos may prove the most
stubborn issue overlooking the negotiations.
Here Russia has an obligation reaffirmed only
six years ago. It can hardly be denied that
the 50,000 North Vietnamese troops are in
Laos in defiance of that engagement, or that
the equipment and supply of these troops is
only made possible through Soviet weapons
and material aid.
The fact that Laos is as reluctant as Cam-
bodia to receive any foreign troops upon her
soil only emphasizes the ruthless cruelty of
this violation of a contract. If Moscow wants
to stay hostilities anywhere, here is an im-
mediate claimant. There cannot be any Settle-
ment otherwise.
The neutralization of the area still remains
the final objective, but this must be for the
countries themselves to endorse and for the
greater powers to guarantee. Meanwhile Am-
bassador Lodge is undoubtedly right to per-
severe with the problem of the demilitarized
zones, whenever opportunity offers. These
zones are a necessity in any scheme of with-
drawal and offer some assurance for the ful-
fillment of any pledges given.
SECRET SESSIONS FRUITFUL
It is unlikely that any progress will be
made in these or other matters as the out-
come of publicized meetings. We certainly
were unable to achieve anything at Geneva
until, after many weeks, we moved into se-
cret -session. Even so, most difficulties had to
be resolved by two and two in contacts which
were not known to have taken place and
could therefore be broken off or renewed
without ceremony or loss of face.
If and when this stage is reached in the
present negotiations, it will be important, as-
suming that the aim is to reach a settlement
which can endure, to establish and maintain
contact with the representatives of Peking,
whose interest in the area will not fade.
KNOXVILLE, TENN.-A MOST
BEAUTIFUL CITY
Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, more than
20 years ago John Gunther wrote a book
in which he said Knoxville, Tenn., was
the "ugliest city" in the world. No one
knows how long Mr. Gunther was in
Knoxville, but he has not been in the
city since that time. Just the other day
he reiterated his ugly-city statement on
a nationwide television show, just at the
time Knoxville was staging one of its
most widely known events-and one of
the most beautiful in the world-the
Dogwood Arts Festival. People from all
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300
SI4034 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
over the country, and some from foreign
countries, travel over the sax trails which
are literally alive with dogwood blooms. It
is !truly a magnificent festival which fea-
tures-in addition to the trees, arts, ,and
cr its-sporting events, a parade, and
other events and monuments of beauty.
Smite Mr. Gunther's visit to the city, on
the initiative of the citizenry and the
local government, there Dave been car-
ried out several urban renewal projects,
construction of one of the finest a di-
t0ium-coliseum facilities In the couit'y,
erection of a beautiful mall in the An-
to of the business district, completion
of a unique promenade on which several
business establishments are located, and
creation of a "gay-way" on the city's
main thoroughfare. In addition, and as a
At the time of his recent statement I re-
minded Mr. Gunther of the old adage:
A foolish consistency is the hobgob lln
of little minds.
Mr. President, I use this means to In-
vite Mr. Gunther to revisit the cit of
Knoxville. I am confident that, once at
is done, he will feel as many of us ho
know the ;city do-that it is one of' the
most beautiful cities in the world.
FOUNDERS DAY EXERCISES AT
UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA
,Mr. SPONG. Mr. President, on Mon-
d y of last week the University of Vir-
gl is celebrated the anniversary of
Thomas Jefferson's birthday with its ob-
se~rvance of Founder's Day. This year
also marked the 150th anniversary of the
university. It was my privilege to par-
ti4ipate in these exercises.
Six Members of this body, arodng
whom are the majority and minority
whips, are alumni of the university.
For us, Founder's Day has a special
si ificance. However, I believe, all
M ambers of the Senate will benefit
fr m the remarks of Dr. Edgar F. Shan-
n n, Jr., president of the University' of
V rginia, which eloquently place in Per-
s active the forces that threaten higher
e ucation today.
I ask unanimous consent to rve
excerpts of Dr. Shannon's remarks
printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the exc rats
w re ordered to be printed in the RECQAD,
a follows:
E3 CERPTS FROM REMARKS AT FfUNDER'8j DAY
EXERCISES, UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA, BY -
IDENT EDGAR F. SHANNON, JR., APRIL 14, 1969
Thomas Jefferson was a re'Oclution Yet
as one of the chief architects of what J ]fan.
Boyd has called "the most radical and irre-
versible revolution in history," he derf his
conceptions not from fervid emotia lism
but from a disciplined mind enlighten by
the heritage of Western thought. The er-
ic n revolution was radical and irreve sible
"because its moral proposition include the
transfer of sovereignty from the her Lary
ruler to the individual citizen." It ah a
revolution dedicated not to destruction but
to the creation of a new order-"a new sdelety
based on the concept of the equality of; man
and governed by reason and justice." (Adis,
as Boyd has indicated, is the continuin4 rev-
olution that we In this country must stead-
fastly seek to fulfill. This is an enduring
revolution, never yet fully achieved, but to
be pursued with work and hope and not to
be abandoned in despair and irrationality.
Like the new country, the new university
that Thomas Jefferson brought into being
here 150 years ago was a daring innovation.
It was founded as tie first true university
in North America, and Jefferson aimed his
secular university to develop leaders for
practical affairs and public aervtM. Devoted,
in his own words,to" ?he illimitable freedom
of the human mind"-the phrase that we
have taken as the the:ine of the Sesquicenten-
nial-the University of Virginia was con-
ceived as a means of affording full oppor-
tunity for a continuously evolving aristocracy
of talent and intellect _Iii&tetai""af`one, as in
130002-9
April 22, 1969
TRIBUTE TO THE LATE MRS. LAU
KUN, HAWAII SUCCESS STORY
Mr. FONG. It was my sorrowful task
recently to say a fond farewell and eulogy
to Mrs. Lau Kun, of Honolulu, Hawaii's
beloved "Mama Lau." In the passing of
Mama Lau, my island community lost a
magnificent lady, for she lived a brave
and beautiful life. She was an exemplary
mother and grandmother of a fine family.
Once a poor immigrant girl from
China, she overcame much to achieve
much. By today's definition, she would
be considered a "disadvantaged" person.
Yet through her qualities of persever-
ance, diligence, and willingness to work
hard, she overcame her disadvantages to
dents of birth This university then has been.. become a true success in the American
committed,ftom the beginning to the under- tradition.
girding opositions of the republic-the Although she arrived in Hawaii an
equalite of man and. governance by reason alien, she learned to love this country
and )dstiee, and became a naturalized citizen, her
Freedom to teach and to learn, to seek the citizenship reflecting the true essence of
trtfth through rational inquiry, are the hall- America.
rlark, not only of the University of Virginia, Although she had little formal eduCa-
out generally of American colleges and uni-
versities. Through this freedom and truth tion and spoke only Chinese when she
have come the primary benefits to society. came to Hawaii, she acquired the art of
Now this freedom, often under attack from communicating most effectively and
outside the universities, is currently being persuasively.
endangered by irrat[onality, even coercion Although she was born poor, she
and force from within the universities them- labored long and ardously to improve
selves. A minority, espousing methods that her lot and that of her family. From a
are the antithesis of the idea of a university,
l
l
k i
n a Hono
u
u
seem dedicated to the destruction of our modest stall selling por
society and appear to have marked the uni- market, she and her husband built, step
trersities as their' firs;; targets of a campaign by step, the largest supermarket chain in
fbr chaos. the 50th State.
The basic principles of the University of Thus, in her own unique and colorful
Virgihka were never more pertinent to our way, she personified many attributes
in the context of ex
before in American
wherever it may lead, nor to tolerate any eiTor
L long as reason is left free to combat ids."
He would be the first to support our protec`~
tion of orderly dissent. He would no doubf,
share the frustration that many of us feel
over the realization that advanced societies
now have the knowledge and technical means
to solve the probleme': of poverty, health, and
education but thus far have failed to do so.
Yet he would be concerned, as we in this uni-
versity must be, that reason remain the
means by which we combat apparent error.
Intolerance and fanaticism, rudeness and
vulgarity cannot be allowed to supplant rea-
son as the instrument of dissent. And dissent
itself must not be so strident as to become a
This afternoon we honor Mr. Jeffers~6n by
honoring those among our faculty, stXidents,
who by
emselves
revolution" through orderly change, and
those who have already been notable par-
ticipants in the struggle to improve the con-
dition of man. It is our privilege to salute
those who have derr..onstrated in the words
carved over our gateway-"the will to work
for men."
which won the affection and admiration
of thousands.
As one of the fortunate people who
early came to know and love her, I was
privileged to pay tribute to her life and
memory at her funeral services on April
12. So that others may share in the in-
spiring example of her life, I ask unani-
mous consent to have the tribute printed
in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the tribute
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
TRIBUTE TO THE LATE MRS. LAU KUN, HAWAII
SUCCESS STORY
(By U.S. SenatcT HIRAM L. FONG)
Friends: We are gathered together today to
pay tribute to one of Hawaii's truly grand
)ladies, Mrs. Lau Kun, also known as Mrs. Lau
Soo Shee, and more affectionately known
as-our beloved Mama Lau-who departed
1 this mortal life last Tuesday, April 8.
i With her beloved husband Lau Kun, her
son Eddie, her daughter Joanna, her son-in-
law Maurice Sullivan, and her nine grand-
children-whom she loved above all-we
weep and we mourn, for it is difficult to
reconcile ourselves to the loss of one who
was so vibrant, so full of vitality and love of
life during her long and active tenure on
this earth.
And yet, as we dry our tears we realize
that although this good and noble lady left
us, she bequeathed to all of us a heritage
that will endure as long as we do-and be-
yond.
It Is with a full and grateful heart that
I pay highest homage to Mama Lau today by
reminding us all of the priceless legacy she
has left behind.
It was in 1921 that Mama Lau came to
Hawaii as a young girl, nearly half a century
ago. In modern parlance, young Mrs. Lau
Kun would have been considered a "disad-
vantaged person."
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
House of Representatives
TUESDAY, APRIL 22, 1969
The House met at 12 o'clock noon. Mr. ADDABBO. Mr. Speaker, I am
The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch, disturbed over President Nixon's so-
D.D., offered'the following prayer: called budget cuts, particularly the cord"
My beloved brethren, be ye steadfast, ` and callous cuts in the Veterans' Admin-
unmovable, always abounding in the
work of the Lord, for forasmuch as ye
know that your labor is not in vain in
the Lord.-I Corinthians 15: 58.
0 Thou giver of every good and perfect
gift, we are grateful for the opportuni-
ties for good which have been ours; for
the love in our homes; for the fellowship
of friends; for the freedom to worship as
we desire, and for the happy experience
of serving our country in this House of
Representatives. Keep us ever alive with Acal care by killing the VA's request for
gratitude for Thy goodness to us. 1 4,700 new employees, most of them in
Do Thou forgive our mishandling Of/ the field of medical care.
i
'
ty net
some of Thy gifts-the opportun
glected, the untruth accepted, the
shallow judgment made, and the cy
cism enjoyed. Forgive the unkind woad,
the unjust criticism, the false ambit n,
and every unworthy spirit -which as
reigned in our hearts.
May the light of Thy love and the!trl-
umph of Thy truth purify us and end
us out into this day to be true to Iliee,
loyal to our country, and in love with.pur
fellow men.
In the name of Him who reveals lif to
THE JOURNAL
istration budget.
With the exceptiofi of the Defense
Department anc health, Education, and
Welfare, no other Department or agency
budget wag but as much as the VA. The
$245 million cutback Includes delays in
structyxal improvements to VA hospitals
as w911 as a veto on hiring needed medi-
calpare personnel.
the Nixon administration has jeopard-
1 ed the entire program of veterans med-
Approximately 3,600 new employees In
hospitals and VA outpatient clinics and
another 500 in medical research were
approved by the outgoing administra-
tion only to be rejected by the Nixon
administration.
The Nixon administration has turned
its back on the growing problem of
crowded VA hospitals with long waiting
lists and a shortage of doctors and medi-
cal assistants.
As a member of the House Appropri-
ations Committee, I will make every ef-
fort to restore at least a part of this
budget cut so that our veterans can be
assured of adequate medical care.
MUTUAL SECURITY PROGRAM
-MrPASSMAN asked and was given
permiss to address the House for 1
minute, to revise and extend his remarks
and to include extraneous matter.)
Mr. PASSMAN. Mr. Speaker, Mr.
Nixon's request for foreign aid for fiscal
1970 exceeds Mr. Johnson's January re-
quest by $19 million.
Mr. Nixon's request for mutual secu-
rity funds exceeds the 1969 appropriation
by $959 million.
Mr. Speaker, it would appear that all
Presidents in recent years have a way of
getting hooked on foreign aid before the
White House lights are turned off on
inaugural night. They are willing to re-
duce requests for funds for justifiable
projects in America but they always ask
for increased funds for similar projects
under foreign aid.
There are no ifs, no ands, and no buts.
Mr. Nixon, in his revised budget, when
the military assistance program is In-
cluded, is asking for more foreign aid
funds than did Mr. Johnson in January.
Mr. Speaker, the total funds requested
for foreign aid and assistance for fiscal
1970, carried under 22 headings, total in
excess of $10,600 million. Stand by for re-
capitulation sheets covering totals, which
will be placed in the RECORD in a few
days.
The following recapitulation covers
only one of 22 spigots of foreign aid
and assistance:
terday was read and approved.
A message in writing from the Presi-
dent of the United States was communi-
cated to the House by I1r. Leonard, one
PERMISSION FOR SUBCOMMITTEE
ON PUBLIC LANDS, COMMITTEE
ON INTERIOR AND INSULAR AF-
FAIRS, TO SIT DURING GENERAL
DEBATE TODAY
Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that the Subcommit-
tee on Public Lands of the Committee on
Interior and Insular Affairs be per-
mitted to sit during general debate this
afternoon.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Colo-
rado?
There was no objection.
PRESIDENT NIXON'S SO-CALLED
BUDGET CUTS
(Mr. ADDABBO asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Fiscal year 1969
appropriation
January Revised Nixon request Nixon request
budget budget exceeds exceeds 1969
request, request, Johnson appropriation
Johnson Nixon . request by- by-
ROBERTSON
(Mr. OGGS asked and was given
permissi to address the House for 1
minute a d to revise and extend his
Mr. BO GS. Mr. Speaker, I take this
time to a tend birthday greetings and
felicitatio to one of our very hard
workers, t e chief page, Turner Robert-
son, who as completed over 30 years
of service In the House of Representa-
tives and I believe that all of us will join
in wishing him a happy birthday.
Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker,
will the gentleman yield?
Mr. BOGGS. I am happy to yield to
the distinguished minority leader.
Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker,
I thank the gentleman for yielding, and
I join with the distinguished majority
whip in extending Turner Robertson our
very, very best wishes from this side of
the aisle on this occasion.
I do not know which birthday in years,
but a good one, I trust.
Mr. BOGGS. I thank the gentleman. I
believe Turner Robertson is about 60,
but he will not admit it.
FREEDOM OF INFORMATION FOR
THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
(Mr. MOSS asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute, to revise and extend his remarks
and include extraneous matter.)
Mr. MOSS. Mr. Speaker, I have to-
day introduced a bill to bring the govern-
ment of the District of Columbia under
H 2881
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
H2882 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 22, 1969
the provisions of the Freedom of Infor-
mation Act.
The legislation has a -twofold plur-
pose: It will bring about Uniformity in
the application of the infeirrnation law
at ,all levels of government in the Na-
tion's Capital, and it will give the Mayor
of Washington, the city council, and
other officials a long-needed tool of stat-
utory authority to disclose records and
documents to the public-3r affirmative
authority they do not hav,at present.
it should be noted that the present,cLf
ficlals of the District of Calutnbia, as in
the case of their recent predecessors,
ha a generally evidenced a desire to
comply with the spirit of tie freedom of
information law. My am rdment will
strengthen their hand in the day-to-day
implementation of 'a positive public dlis-
closure policy.
THE NEW DIRECTION ISBACKWARD
(Mr. HAYS asked and s given per-
mr sion to address the House for 1 min
ut and to revise and e-Ctend his re-
marks.)
HAYS. I have been reading in the
p lic press about numerous occasions
th minority leader and oti'lers have used
th term. "new direction"' to exemplify
this administration- It is very difficult
when an object is standing still to figure
out what direction it is going, so for the
pat 100 days I have bn unable to
as ertain what the "new direction" *as.
But in the last day or two I think I have
been able to figure it out: the "new direc-
tion" is backward.
SUPPORT LAW ENFORCEMENT
Mr. DORN asked and was given per-
mission to address the Ho a for 1 min-
ute, and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, today I Join
my colleagues in introdue1ng a resoTu-
tian which would request the President
to declare May 11 to 17 "lWp Our Police
Fi ht Crime Week."
ever in the history of our country has
e phasis been needed more on support-
in our police and law enforcement agen-
ci as now. We hear of crime on the in-
crease, riots and demonstrations on. the
ca us, attacks on law-e rcement: of-
ficers by hoodlums and demonstrators
just because they are lawoflicers sworn
to do their duty.
Our policemen, patrolmen, sheriffs,
deputies, and all law enforcement need
th~ support of every good citizen. Law
en orcement and law and order cannot
be maintained without the support off the
overwhelming majority of ;our peopl.It
is fitting and proper that our Nation dur-
in these critical times Pause to honor
the men in uniform standing g and
over our freedoms. The first line of A er-
ic4n defense today against subveron,
sa tage, and anarchy is through our
to 1 law officers. Their `lives, their tar-
t 'es, and their sacred honor" are on the
fir g line for all of us.
Law enforcement is dedtcited and de-
voted to the preservation of our way of
life. They are devoted to democratic
principles and ideals. They stand for
justice, order, and :restraint as opposed
to violence, crime, and chaos. With the
support of good citizens, they can and
will maintain law and order and preserve
our time-honored democratic institu-
tions.
I believe this resolution will pass the
Congress unanimously, paying a just
tribute to our men who preserve rule by
law instead of rule man.
THIRTY-ONE AMERICAN CITIZENS
DEAD AS A RESULT OF NORTH
KOREA'S PIRATICAL ACTION
(Mr. PEPPER asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. PEPPER. Mr. Speaker, I am sure
no Member of this House wishes to add
anything to the onerous and awesome
burdens which our President and our
Government have to bear. I think all of
us commend the action of the Chief Ex-
ecutive in giving notice that in the future
our flights, although they are in inter-
national air space, will be protected by
our Armed Forces.
But what I am troubled about, and
what my mall and contacts with other
citizens of this country indicate our
people are concerned about, is whether
we are going to just drop the matter of
what our President termed a fourth-rate
military power shooting down one of our
planes which was not offending any-
body, but was flying along unarmed in
international air space, with 31 Ameri-
can citizens on that plane dead as the
result of that piratical action.
The future is one thing, but those 31
men are dead. It would seem to me that
the dignity of this country and the
respect that we have for those men who
give their lives would command that we
do something surely to get some kind of
redress for the families of these patriotic
martyrs and redress which would deter
North Korea or any other aggressor from
offending in a similar way in the days
and years ahead.
Mr, Speaker, surely recent history
would compel anyone to understand that
there is neither naiional honor nor na-
tional security in appeasing national
brigands.
SALUTE TO PORK INDUSTRY IN
NEBRASKA
(Mr. DENNEY asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. DENNEY. Mr. Speaker, meat-ani-
mal production ani marketing in Ne-
braska is a very important part of the
Cornhusker State's economy. Whether
the primary or a secondary project of
the Nebraska farmer, livestock produc-
tion helps to provide his living and the
livelihood of his fellow Nebraskans in
related agricultural occupations.
Today I salute the pork industry in
Nebraska. It has :aelped to meet the
needs of a productive people, both in
terms _of providing a livelihood and In
providing nourishment to citizens across
the Nation.
On this Friday, April 25, the U.S. De-
partment of Agriculture will report con-
firmed production figures for agriculture
in Nebraska for 1967, and will present a
preliminary report for 1968. These fig-
ures will indicate the most up-to-date
evaluation of Nebraska's stake in the
pork industry, and the pork industry's
stake in Nebraska.
Since the beginning of our State a lit-
tle more than a century ago, the produc-
tion of swine has been a staple com-
modity of the farming programs of Ne-
braska farmers. During good livestock
years, the porker helped the farmer to
prosper; and during the years when the
future of farming was placed in serious
jeopardy, as likely as not it was the pig
that kept the farmer from "going under."
Nebraska has a fine history of meat-
animal production, ranking second of
the 50 States in commercial slaughter in
1966. In no small part, this level of pro-
duction was achieved by the number of
swine raised and slaughtered in our
State. Constituting a healthy percentage
of Nebraska's cash receipts from farm
marketings, the production of pork con-
tinues to make its valuable contribution
to the stockman's wallet as well as the
consumer's plate.
THE PROBLEM OF THE NIXON
ADMINISTRATION
(Mr. FINDLEY asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, my good
friend, the gentleman from Ohio (Mr.
HAYS) expressed what I would term a
certain wistfulness about the lack of
action on the part of the Nixon adminis-
tration, and it calls to my mind a story
of ancient Greece, when Hercules was
given the chore of cleaning out the Au-
gean stables. The stables had been oc-
cupied for many years by several thou-
sand horses without any cleaning. Her-
cules finally had to divert not one but
two rivers to getthe job done.
I mention this not to suggest that the
previous administration consisted of
horses or any part thereof, as a matter
of fact, but simply urge a little bit of
patience on the part of my good friend
from Ohio.
Mr. HAYS. Mr. Speakers will the gen-
tleman yield?
Mr. FINDLEY. I am glad to yield to
the gentleman from Ohio.
Mr. HAYS. I would say to the gentle-
man that I am not impatient. He ap-
parently just missed the import of my
statement. I said that I heard all of
these remarks about a new direction,
and I feel without any movement it is
impossible to tell what the direction is.
That is all I was complaining about.
Mr. FINDLEY. But the gentleman cer-
tainly agrees that it would be well to get
the stables cleaned out before we be-
come too impatient.
Mr. HAYS. I do not believe that we
had stables to start with, so therefore we
are off on the wrong premise.
Mr. CEDERBERG. Mr. Speaker, will
the gentleman yield?
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 April 21, rovectW- g P0iI 11 ~7'k kROOO30013000E-8167
Secretaries Week can serve as a re-
mainder to conscientious secretaries that
assuming a mastery of basic skills, loy-
alty, initiative, and accuracy are the
most desired attributes of a good secre-
tary. r J X--
That this is what might be called an in-
terim decision is apparent from the Presi-
dent's assertion that "Looking to the future
what we will do will depend upon the
circumstances." It will depend, he added, on
what North Korea does, on "its reaction to
the protest and also other developments that
occur as we continue these flights." The Inci-
dent of the EC121 is not finally disposed of.
MORTON PRAISES PRESIDENT FOR For the time being it 1s being left to diplo-
HON. ROGERS C. B. MORTON
of MARYLAND
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, April 21, 1969
Mr. MORTON. Mr. Speaker, last week
an old propeller aircraft, an unprotected
Constellation converted into a recon-
naissance plane, was shot out of the sky
by North Korea.
All Americans were alarmed. Many
urged the President to take immediate
action, some called for military retalia-
tion. The President kept his cool, how-
ever, and with it the cool and restraint of
this great Nation of ours.
As the New York Times said in an edi-
torial Saturday:
President Nixon has given a reasonable and
responsible answer to the shameful North.
Korean attack on a United States recon-
naissance plane. Galling as it is to all Amer-
icans to accept the loss of the plane and its
31-man crew, the President showed good
sense in eschewing futile saber-rattling.
As the President has done so many
times in the past, he studied all the facts,
took account of the present situation, and
took positive and firm action. His brief
statement at his press conference on
Friday told the entire world where our
country stands on future flights and on
future attacks. The President said:
I have today ordered that these flights be
continued. They will be protected. This is not
a threat; it is simply a statement of fact.
The President has acted with clarity
and with purpose. Americans support him
in that action and will support him in
any necessary future action.
I think Saturday's Baltimore Sun
clearly pointed out in an editorial the
coolness of the. President's action and
the determination of his course. For the
information of my colleagues, I include
that editorial as part of my remarks:
WARNING GIVEN _.
Like the protest officially delivered to North
Korea at Panmunjom, President Nixon's
statement at his press conference on the
shooting down of a naval reconnaissance
plane was impressive for its restraint, a re-
straint appropriate to the seriousness of the
incident. He emphasized the fact that the
unarmed aircraft had not flown closer than
40 miles to the North Korean coast and he
described the attack on it-90 miles from
shore-as unprovoked, deliberate and with-
out warning. He also made it very clear that
these surveillance flights are regarded as
necessary, and that they will be resumed,
continued and from now on, protected.
Although Mr. Nixon declined to say what
form the protection would take and was care-
ful to note that his order for the protection
was not a threat, the firmness with which he
announced it can be interpreted as very plain
notice to North Korea that it cannot halt
the intelligence missions of United States
planes over international waters and that
any new attempts to interfere with those
missions by force will be met by force.
matse exchanges.
Obviously Mr. Nixon is trying to avoid any
action that would worsen an already thor-
oughly bad situation. But he has told North
Korea-an "unpredictable country," he said-
that it will not be permitted to change the
United States policy on aerial reconnaissance
or to repeat its attack on our planes. Re-
strained as this message is, it carries an
extremely sober warning.
A DISCUSSION OF THE U.S. POSI-
TION WITH REGARD TO CHEMI-
CAL AND BIOLOGICAL WARFARE
HON. ROBERT L. F. SIKES
OF FLORIDA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, April 21, 1969
Mr, SIKES. Mr. Speaker, the paper
which I propose to include in the CoN-
GRESSIONAL RECORD is a restatement of
the official U.S. position on chemical and
biological warfare. I submit it in order
to insure that Members of Congress may
have correct and unbiased information
on this subject:
A DISCUSSION OF THE U.S. POSITION WITH
REGARD TO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WAR-
FARE
In recent weeks there has been increased
comment and conjecture regarding the in-
volvement of the U.S. in chemical and bio-
logical (CB) warfare, and speculation cpn-
cerning the policies and purposes governing
such involvement.
It is the policy of the U.S. to develop and
maintain a defensive chemical-biological
(CB) capability so that U.S. military forces
could operate for some period of time in a
toxic environment If necessary; to develop
and maintain a limited offensive capability
in order to deter all use of CB weapons by
the threat of retaliation in kind; and to con-
tinue a program of research and develop-
ment in this area to minimize the possibility
of technological surprise. This policy on CB
weapons is part of a broader strategy de-
signed to provide the U.S. with several op-
tions for response against various forms of
attack. Should their employment ever be
necessary, the President would have to au-
thorize their use. The U.S. does not have a
policy that requires a single and invariable
response to any particular threat. In the field
of CB warfare, deterrence is the primary ob-
jective of the U.S.
CB weapons, in many situations, may be
more effective than conventional (high ex-
plosive and projectile) weapons. Accord-
ingly, it is believed wise to deter their use
against our forces on populace. If two ap-
effective military forces
uall
e
l
i
t
y
q
e
y
ma
prox
were engaged in combat, and one side ini- great. Warning against biological attack is
tiated a CW operation, it would gain a sig- much e mhas been ore difficult
success with a aRece ntl
in-
nificant advantage even if the opposing side
has protective equipment. This advantage strument which would provide some biolog-
cannot be neutralized with conventional ical warning capability. R&D efforts in this
weapons. area will be continued.
As a matter of policy the U.S. will not be U.S. Forces have the equipment required
the first to use lethal chemical or biological for protection against CB attack with the ex-
.weapons, but we are aware of the capabilities ception of a biological warning and detection
these weapons place in the hands of poten- device which is under development. Soldiers
tial adversaries. For this reason it is impor- and sailors overseas have masks and protec-
tant to carry on our R&D program In CB, tive clothing; and collective protection equip-
such as detection and warning devices, but
to define and quantify more fully the poten-
tial threat to our country from these weap-
ons, and the hazards involved if they are
ever used against the U.S.
The threat to the U.S. civil population
from CB attack has been studied by the
Department of Defense, and these analyses
are periodically up-dated. It is clear that
the threat of CB attack is less significant
than that of nuclear attack. For this reason,
more emphasis has been placed in civil de-
fense on the nuclear threat.
For logistic reasons, chemical agents do
not appear to pose a major strategic threat
against the U.S. For example, it would re-
quire many tons of nerve agent munitions
to carry out an effective attack against a
city of a few million people. This may appear
inconsistent with the high toxicity of the
nerve agents, but for many technical rea-
sons such as the difficulty in disseminating
the agents in vapor or aersol form, the dilu-
tion of the agent in the atmosphere, and
their impingement on ground and vegeta-
tion, it is correct. For this reason, stockpiles.
of therapeutic materials for nerve agents are
not maintained. Although the possibility of
the employment of biological weapons
against U.S. population centers cannot be
ruled out entirely, it does not presently war-
rant the priority given to defense against
the effects of nuclear weapons. Research on
methods of detecting and warning, iden-
tifying, and defending against biological at-
tack are continuing, as is review of the mag-
nitude and nature of the threat.
The Office of Civil Defense has, developed
an inexpensive but effective protective mask
for civilian use, and a limited production
run was made to test production quality. No
large scale production was undertaken be-
cause of the low estimate of the threat as
described above. Should the threat to our
population Increase, this mask could be pro-
duced quite rapidly and, together with other
necessary defensive measures, would afford
protection against both chemical and biolog-
ical attack. Filtration systems have been de-
signed and tested, and these could be added
to fall-out shelters to afford collective pro-
tection for groups of people. In addition,
many of the emergency plans developed by
the Department of HEW for post-nuclear at-
tack medical support would be applicable.
The emergency packaged hospitals, for ex-
ample, provide for expansion of hospital facil-
ities by the equivalent of 2500 hospitals of
200 bed size.
Large stockpiles of medical supplies such
as antibiotics and vaccines are not main-
tained against the possibility of biological at-
tack. There is no specific antibiotic therapy
available for most BW agents. As for vac-
cines, there are more than 100 possible BW
agents, and production and adminstration of
100 vaccines to the U.S. population is not
practical. There is medical reason to believe
that such a program would be generally in-
jurious to health in addition to requiring
prohibitive expenditures.
Chemical detection and warning instru-
ments which could provide the components
for a national alarm system have been de-
veloped, but it has not seemed wise to expend
the large sums to deploy them to build such
a system. As noted above, we believe that the
threat of strategic chemical attack is not
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R090300130002-9
 E 3 proved For R pi O E&
,d tP? ~ P 36 0.0 3~01300 1 21, 1969
ment for vans and communication centers Is
being developed and supplied.
Statements have been made that!, there is
enough nerve gas to kill 100 billion people.
This kind of general statement is as "true"
as saying that a test-tube in a hospital labo-
I ratory can contain enough disease micro-
organisms to kill 100 billion people. Neither
tatement is true in any real sense, and there
_s no way In which the human race could
be destroyed with nerve agents. The U.S.
could not launch an immediate, majssive re-
taliatory chemical or biological attack. The
technical capability to do this has been de-
veloped, but it has not been judged neces-
sary or desirable to procure and install the
weapon systems for this purpose. 'I#fe care-
i fully controlled U.S. inventories are adequate
for tactical response against enemy military
forces, but not for a strategic, nati{*iwide
attack.
The total U.S. expenditure in the P13 field,
including smoke, flame and incendia y, weap--
Procurement: MAllion
Smoke, flame, and incendiary ----- $139
Riot control munitions_ - y 81
Herbicides ------------------- -- 5
Defensive equipment ____ --------- 15
Total ------------------ _
240
R.D.T. & E.
General and basic R. & D_________-_y
9
Offensive R. & D------------
31
Defensive R. & D -----------------
30
Test and evaluation___-_- --------------
20
Total --------------------------
90
Operation and maintenance________ - 20
maustry. $2 million Is contracted {'{ to. Uni-
versities for basic defensive investigations.
trary to their policies and pure es. For
example, some years ago the advic of the
Smithsonian Institution was sought n Iden-
tifying a suitable institute to perform an
ecological and medical survey of the Central
Pacific area. As a result, they submitted a
I proposal, which was accepted. As it direct
consequence of this work, there have'been 45
papers written by Smithsonian scientists and
published in the scientific literature. This
has been a remarkably productive srientific
investigation brought about by a coincidence
of interests In the fauna of the area. ! I
The Smithsonian Institution was never
asked to do, nor did they do, any " litary"
chemical or biological warfare research. It
carried out scientific investigations) appro-
! priate to its charter and objectives, and
published the significant findings in the
scientific literature. These results are avail-
U.S. forces have used riot control its
and defoliants (herbicides) in the nam-
ese conflict. These materials nit cause
lethalities In human ,5 -and, as former
Secretary Rusk saicY tire not considered to be
the type of materials prohibited by the
Forces in Vietnam is CS, although ON was
also authorized some years ago. Both are tear
gases. There are no known verified instances
of lethality by CS, either in Vtetpv m or
anywhere else in the world where it lya,i been
used to control disturbances by mail., gov-
ernments.
Of the herbicidal chemicals, there are
none used in Vietnam to destroy vege,,ation
which have not been widely used in the
United States in connection with clearing
areas for agricultural or induoften rial purposes.
The term "defoliants" is used be-
cause it properly describes the purpose of its
use; that is, to remove leaves from jungle
foliage to reduce the threat of ambush and
to increase visibility for t3 . and Allied
troops. This use of defoliants has saved many
American and South Vietnamese lives.
Herbicides are also used In a carefully
limited operation in South Vietnam to dis-
rupt the enemy's food supply. It islimited
to the attack of small and usually remote
jungle plots whic:a the VC or NVA are known
to be using. 'Ust.ally these plots are along
trails or near their base camp areas. Each
such operation i's approved by the U.S. Em-
bassy and the government of the Republic
of Vietnam. Enemy caches of food, princi-
pally rice, are also destroyed when it cannot
,of the annual food output of South Vietnam.
To date surveys have shown no evidence
of substantial permanent or irreparable
damage from the viewpoint of the future
development of South Vietnam, attributable
to the defoliation effort. The Department of
Defense has Supported the Deparment of
Agriculture in studies of herbicides in
analogous areas, and In a base line study
of the forests of Vietnam. Recently a study
"Assessment of Ecological Effects of Exten-
sive or Repeated Ube of Herbicides" was done
by Midwest Research Institute, and reviewed
by a special committee of the National
Academy of Sciences. It was judged by them
to be an accurate and competent report.
Last Fall, the Department of State, with
Department of Defense participation, made
a survey of the ecology of defoliated areas.
One of the scientists who made this survey,
Dr. Fred Tschirley from the Department of
Agriculture, published his report in Science,
Vol. 163, pp. 779-786, Feb. 21, 1969.
At the end of active combat, it appears
probable that there will be agricultural and
forestry activities and other programs which
will aid the South Vietnamese people. The
Department of Defense would cooperate with
jtht Department of State and the U.S. Agency
or International Development as necessary
n accomplishing these. The Department of
1~efense supports the concept of a compre-
hensive study of the long-term effects of the
limited defoliation program, and has en-
dcrsed, in principle, proposals by the Amer-
i4 n Association for the Advancement of
Science for such a scientific study.
iti s in CB do not pose hazards to the U.S.
population. Strict safety practices are en-
for ed at laboratories which do research on
CB agents. Elaborate systems of air-tight
ho s, air filtration and waste decontamina-
tfo are employed. These precautions and
pr edures are reviewed by the U.S. Public
H lth Service as well as by our own safety
atories, for example, have been generally ac-
cepted throughou : the world as the ultimate
in safety for the investigation of infectious
diseases.
With regard to the extremely unfortunate
Skull Valley incident in which a number of
sheep died, the exact chain of events is still
not completely understood. A freak meteoro-
logical situation was probably a major con-
tributing factor. This matter has been care-
fully reviewed by a special advisory com-
mittee appointed by the Secretary of the
Army and chaired by the Surgeon General of
the U.S. Public Health Service. This commit-
tee has made a number of recommendations
concerning test limitations, toxicological and
environmental investigations, added meteoro-
logical facilities, and a permanent safety
committee. All of these recommendations are
being followed.
Movement of chemical agents is governed
by, rules and procedures established by the
Interstate .Comm roe Commission and the
U.S. Public Health Service. The material is
shipped in special containers; these contain-
era are put on pallets if necessary and fully
restrained,-and an underlying layer of sand
is used to reduce vibration and to absorb
agent in the highly unlikely event of leak-
age. All shipments are accompanied by a
trained escort detachment equipped with de-
contaminating and first aid equipment.
RQiitea..are-carefully planned to avoid popu-
lated areas. to the greatest extent possible;
and, where they cannot be avoided, to move
through them carefully and with as little
delay as possible.
The precautions taken--the use of special
trains, careful routing, controlled speeds, and
other measures, make a train wreck ex-
tremely unlikely. However, even further steps
are taken to minimize any hazard that might
result from an accident. Buffer cars are in-
din the train, the escort detachment is
d 12.$p in different cars to provide
pro t full-train. coverage In emergencies,
and t sit time through populated areas is
minim ed. Although the agents arenotin-
ert, it is l portant to note that transported
agents are neither volatile nor in the gaseous
state. They are liquid, and the most volatile
is about eight times less volatile than water.
The containers are not under pressure, and
nerve agents are rapidly rendered harmless
by fire.
A succinct statement of the U.S. position
on CB warfare was made In. 1967 by then
Deputy Secretary ofDefense Cyrus Vance in
testimo$y before the Disarmament Subcom-
mittee of the Senate Foreign Relations Com-
mittee, A copy of the relevant portion of his
testimony is attached.
The U.S. has consistently supported the
Geneva Protocol of 1925, although it is not
signatory to that document. The U.S. sup-
ported the Hungarian resolution In 1966 for
all Nations to adhere to the principles of the
Geneva- Protocol. The New York Times for
March 19, 1969 quoted President Nixon's in-
structions to the U.S. Delegation to the 18-
Nation Disarmament Conference now meet-
ing in Geneva. The relevant portion of his
instruction Is quoted below:
"Fourth, while awaiting the United Na-
tions Secretary General's study on the ef-
fects of chemical and biological warfare, the
United States delegation should join with
other delegations in exploring any proposal
or ideas that could contribute to sound and
effective arms control relating to these
weapons."
The Defense Department is fully In accord
with mutual arms control efforts and sup-
ports them in every way possible. For ex-
ample, members of my staff will join repre-
sentatives of the State Department and Arms
Control and Disarmament Agency in meet-
ings in late April to assist the United Na-
tions Secretary General's group of 14 con-
sultant experts prepare a report to the Sec-
retary General of the UN on the characteris-
tics of CB weapons.
With regard to unilateral disarmament, it
was pointed out above that CB weapons are,
In many military situations, more effective
than conventional weapons. Thus, a nation
which lacked CB weapons and could not deter
or counter their use would have to consider
more extreme measures. Unilateral CB dis-
armament would reduce a nation's deterrent
capability, it would decrease its response
options, and it would ultimately seriously de-
grade its CB defensive capability.
STATEMENT BY THE HONORABLE CYRUS K.
VANCE, DEPUTY SECRETARY OF DEFENSE,
BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON DISARMA-
MENT OF THE SENATE FOREIGN RELATIONS
COMMrrTEE, FEBRUARY 7, 1967
The Department of Defense has consist-
ently supported measures aimed at achiev-
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 Approved For Release 2001/03/02 CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
April 21, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 1112877
for persons and corporations at all income
levels. I think taxes, based on gross income,
should be paid at a reduced rate, without
this. myriad of exemptions, deductions, ad-
justments and tax credits. If this approach
were adopted, tax rates overall, would be
lower for the great bulk of Americans. In
many cases, the. amount of income tax paid
would not diminish, but at higher levels, the
amount paid would substantially increase.
Because many of the special purposes
served by the current myriad of special pro-
visions have strong advocates in Congress, I
doubt very much that a truly simplified tax
structure can be adopted. In the alternative,
I have urged members of the Ways and Means
Committee to place high priorities on the fol-
lowing basic reforms within our present sys-
tem.
1. The application of a minimum across the
board income tax for persons earning above
$100,000 regardless of the nature or source
of income above that amount.
2. A substantial Increase in the Individual
tax exemption to $1,200, so that a family of
four earning $7,000 a year would be taxed
only on $2,200 less deductions, credits and ad-
justments. The exemption for any family of
four would be four times $1,200 or $4,800. Par-
ticularly at the lower end of the scale, this
provision would eliminate a great deal of
hardship which eventually gets heaped on
the Government anyway, through social serv-
ices expenditures.
3. The enactment of the Horton bills- I
have outlined above, which give to the work-
ing man and his family, and to the single
individual, comparable tax breaks to those
already afforded large corporations and
wealthy taxpayers.
4. Closing or reducing many of the special
provisions which have become tax havens for
the very wealthy. This would be at least
partially accomplished by enactment of a
minimum tax on high incomes.
As your Congressman, I have tried to out-
line my concerns and my efforts in this very
vital field. We cannot solve the tax-budget
crises in all levels of government by going
backward, that is by refusing to respond to
the Increased need for government services.
No more than we would act to freeze the in-
come potential of those engaged in agricul-
ture at their present levels, or worse, at the
level of ten years ago: no more. than the
government can ignore agriculture programs
In order to pare down Its budget, can We
ignore the plain fact that efficient growth is
as much a necessity for the public sector
as It is for the private sector.
No, we cannot move backward, and we
cannot stay where we are particularly In ref-
erence to the distribution of the tax burden
in America. We must solve the tax crisis by
returning to the original, sound theory of
graduated federal income tax, and making
it stick. I feel that the legislative steps I ad-
vocate would accomplish this purpose. I hope
that I will have your support in winning
enactment of a meaningful tax reform bill
this year.
PRESIDENT NIXON AND EC-121
(Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin asked and
was given permission to extend his re-
marks at this point in the RECORD and
to include extraneous matter.)
Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr.
Speaker, once more President Nixon has
done the hard but right thing. He has
refused to be provoked into precipitous
action by the barbaric actions of the
Communist Government of North Korea,
in shooting down a fleeing, unarmed
plane over international waters. It would
be the easy thing to order a retaliatory
raid against a North Korean air base, or
a North Korean harbor. It would be easy,
for that matter, to drop a 500 pounder
down Kim Il Sung's smokestack. But,
President Nixon made the courageous
decision. He neither slipped into easy
retaliation nor did he cave in to easy
intimidation.
President Nixon's first concern was not
a saber-rattling callup of the Air Na-
tional Guard; his first concern was for
possible survivors of the plane's crew.
Determined to avoid empty posturing,
President Nixon weighed the alternatives
available and made the decision to pro-
test the surprise attack and to protect
future missions.
President Nixon refused to provide the
propaganda base upon which the North
Koreans could once again invade the
South and tie down more American
troops on the continent of Asia. There
is no doubt of the President's intention to
continue to assert America's interest in
the Far East, but neither is there any
doubt of the President's refusal to be-
come involved in the shortsighted folly
of easy retaliation.
LEAVE OF ABSENCE
By unanimous consent, leave of ab-
sence was granted to:
Mr. FOLEY (at the request of Mr.
MEEDS), on April 21, 1969, on account of
official business.
Mrs. MiY (at the request of Mr. GER-
ALD R. FORD), for today, and the balance
of the week on account of official busi-
ness for Department of Agriculture.
SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED
By unanimous consent, permission to
address the House, following the legisla-
tive program and any special orders
heretofore entered, was granted to:
Mr. GONZALEZ, for 10 minutes, today;
to revise and extend his remarks and to
include extraneous matter.
Mr. PUCINSKI, for 1 hour, today; to
revise and extend his remarks and in-
clude extraneous matter.
(The following Members (at the re-
quest of Mr. DELLENBACK) to revise and
extend their remarks and include ex-
traneous matter:)
Mr. Popp, for 15 minutes, on April 22.
Mr. PIRNIE, for 5 minutes, today.
Mr. CONABLE, for 30 minutes, on April
22.
Mr. CUNNINGHAM, for 5 minutes, to-
day.
(The following Members (at the re-
quest of Mr. BURLISON of Missouri) and
to revise and extend their remarks and
include extraneous matter:)
Mr. McCARTHY, for 30 minutes, today.
Mr. FARBSTEIN, for 30 minutes, on
April 22.
EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS
By unanimous consent, permission to
extend remarks was granted to:
Mr. UTT in two instances and to include
extraneous matter.
Mr. MADDEN.
Mr. RHODES, immediately following the
message of the President on the internal
revenue system and to include extrane-
ous matter.
Mr. SAYLOR.
Mr. FEIGHAN during the debate on H.R.
514.
Mrs. GREEN of Oregon to extend her
remarks during consideration of H.R.
514 in the Committee of the Whole to-
day.
Mr. MATSUNAGA (at the request of Mr.
BURLISON of Missouri) to extend his re-
marks and include extraneous matter
during consideration of H.R. 8434, today.
Mr. QuiE, to include extraneous mat-
ter with his remarks on H.R. 514 in the
Committee of the Whole today.
(The following Members (at the re-
quest of Mr. DELLENBACK) and to include
extraneous matter.)
Mr. STEIGER Of Wisconsin.
Mr. BELL of California.
Mr. QUILLEN in four instances.
Mr. MORTON in three instances.
Mr. RuMSFELD in three instances.
Mr. HALL.
Mr. HOSMER in two instances.
Mr. GERALD R. FORD.
Mr. WHALEN.
Mr. WYMAN in two instances.
Mr. SHRIVER in three instances.
Mr. DENNEY.
Mr. TAFT in two instances.
Mr. BIESTER.
Mr. SCHADEBERG.
Mr. SCHERLE in two instances.
Mr. CUNNINGHAM in three instances.
Mr. AsHDRoox.
Mr. BoB WILSON in two instances.
Mr. ZWACH.
Mr. GUDE.
Mr. LANDGREBE.
Mr. BUCHANAN in two instances.
Mr. ESHLEMAN in two instances.
Mr. BRAY in three instances.
Mr. HASTINGS.
Mr. BROTZMAN.
Mr. RHODES in five instances,
Mr. CRAMER.
Mr. NELSEN.
Mr. ,SKUBITZ in two instances.
(The following Members (at the re-
quest of Mr. BURLISON of Missouri) to
extend their remarks and to include ad-
ditional matter in that section of the
RECORD entitled "Extensions of Re-
marks":)
Mr. SCHEUER in two instances.
Mr. O'HARA.
Mr. EILBERG in five instances.
Mr. DADDARIO in three instances.
Mr. LONG of Maryland in three in-
stances.
Mr. BOLAND in two instances.
Mr. GAYDOS in three instances.
Mr. GONZALEZ in six instances.
Mr. FRIEDEL in three instances.
Mr. MATSUNAGA.
Mr. OTTINGER.
Mr. DINGELL in two instances.
Mr. DIGGS in two instances.
Mr. GARMATZ.
Mr. EVINS Of Tennessee in three in-
stances.
Mr. RARICI in six instances.
Mr. NICHOLS.
Mr. FLOOD.
Mr. GRIFFIN.
Mrs. MINK.
Mr. VIGORITO.
Mr_ FULTON of Tennessee in two in-
stances.
Mr. MOLLOHAN in three instances.
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
H 2878 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 21, 1969
Mr. HAGAN in five instances.
Mr. PATTEN.
Mr. BYRNE of Pennsylvania.
Mr. CONYERS in three instances
Mr. ASHLEY in two jpstances.
Mr. DENT in six instl2?ces.
Mr. MEEDS..
SENATE BILLS REFERR I'i
Bills of the Senate or the,,wi,g
titles were taken frcin the S e,-,ker's
table and, under the rule, refe - red as
follows :
S. 265. An act for the relief of John (Gia-
vanni) Denaro; to the Clbtnmittee dix Judi-
ciary.
S. 1531. An act for the relief of lai Jen
Feng; to the Committee on JudiciatS.
S. 1625, An at for the relief of Goff; Sing
Hom; to the Committee oxa Judicia#y.
ENROLLED BILL SIGNED
Mr. FRIEDEL, from the Coni nittee
on House Administration, reported that
that committee had exaanined and found
truly enrolled a bill of the House 'of the
,following title, which was thereupon
,signed by the Speaker:
H.R. 10158. An act to provide mail service
for Mamie Doud Eisenhower, widow tx for-
mer President Dwight David Eisenhower.
General in his xeport on Rossmoor Leisure
World developments; to the Committee on
Government Operations.
693. A letter from the Director, National
Science Foundation, transmitting a draft
of proposed legislation to authorize appro-
priations for activities of the National
Science Foundation, and for other purposes;
to the Committee on Science and Astronau-
tics.
PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS
Under clause 4 of rule XXII, public
bills and resolutions were introduced and
severally referred as follows:
By Mr. ADDABBO (for himself, Mr. AN-
NL7NZIO, Mr. DENT, Mr. ROSENTHAL,
Mr. MINN[sH, Mr. PoDELL, Mr. CLARK,
Mr.- H$BERT, Mr, PixE, Mr. RODINO,
Mr. GETTYS, and Mr. GAT LAGHER) :
H.R. 10283. A bill to amend the Merchant
Marine Act, 1936, o encourage shipbuilding,
and for other purposes; to the Committee on
Merchant Marine and Fisheries.
By Mr. BETTS (for himself, Mr. ICHORD,
Mr. Asimaoox, Mr. KZNG, and Mr.
L'QICENS)
H.R. 10284. A bill to amend the act of
May 29, 1884, relating to the control and
eradication of certain animal diseases; to
the Committee on Agriculture.
By Mr. BIAGGI:
H.R.10285. A bill to amend the Internal
Revenue Code of :.954 to provide the same
tax exemption for ;ervicemen In and around
Korea as is presently provided for those in
Vietnam; to the. Committee on Ways and
Means.
By Mr. BOLAND:
H.R.10286. A biI;, to amend the Internal
Revenue Code of 1954 to encourage higher
education, and p>irticularly the private
funding thereof, by\.authorizing a deduc-
tion from gross income of reasonable
amounts contributed asp a qualified higher
education fund establishd by the taxpayer
for the purpose of fundin the higher educa-
tion of his dependents; to tie committee on
Ways and Means.
By Mr. CONT],:
H.R.10287. A bill to authori the U.S.
Commissioner of Ec.ucation to make grants
to elementary and secondary schols and
other educational institutions for the con-
duct of special educational programs., and
activities concerning the use of drugs, s(Lnd
for other related educational purposes; ',,to
the Committee on Education and Labor,
By Mr. EDMONDSON:
H.R. 10288. A bill to amend the Atomic'
Energy Act of 1954, as amended, and for
other purposes; to the Joint Committee on
Atomic Energy.
By Mr. EILBER,G:
H.R. 10289. A bill to amend title 38 of the
United States Code to increase to $30,000 the
maximum servicemen's group life insurance
which may be provided members of the uni-
formed services an active duty, and for other
purposes; to the Committee on Veterans'
Affairs.
tion of movies or other presentations harm-
ful to such persons; to the Committee on
the Judiciary.
By Mr. FRIEDEL:
H.R. 10293. A bill to amend part I of the
Interstate -Commerce Act, as amended, to
authorize railroads to publish rates for use by
common carriers; to the Committee on
Interstate and Foreign Commerce.
By Mr. FULTON of Pennsylvania:
H.R. 10294. A bin to reclassify certain posi-
tions in the postal field service, and for other
purposes; to the Committee on Post Office
and Citf!] Spice.
By Mr. FUQUA (for himself and Mr.
BROYHILL of Virginia) :
H.R.10295. A bill to amend the Healing
Arts Practice Act, District of Columbia, 1928,
regulating the practice of the healing art in
the District of Columbia, and for other pur-
poses; to the Committee on the District of
Columbia.
By Mr. GILB1RRT:
H.R. 10296. A bill to anlend title XVIII of
the Social Security Act taauthorize payment
under the program of health insurance for
the aged for services furnished an individual
by a home maintenance worker (in such
individual's home) As part of a home health
services plan; to the Committee on Ways and
Means.
By Mr. GILBERT (for himself, Mr.
B II I E of Massachusetts, Mr. FULTON
of Tennessee, Mr.CoRMAN, Mr. WxL-
LIAM D. FORD, MT. BLANTON, Mr.
MOORIIEAD, Mr. CBARLES H. WILSON,
Mr. KARTH,Mr. R?rNEY of Pennsyl-
vania, Mr. MURPHY of Illinois, Mr.
BIAGGI, Mr. OLSEN, Mr. DELANEY, Mr,
ST. ONGE, Mr. ANDERSON Of Cali-
fornia, Mr. TxoMpsoN of New Jersey,
Mr. LEGGETT, Mr. WOLFF, Mr. ST GER-
MAIN, Mr. DANIELS of New Jersey, and
Mr. FRIEDEL) :
H.R. 10297. A bill to amend the Merchant
Marine Act, 1936, to encourage shipbuilding,
and for other purposes; to the Committee on
Merchant Marine and Fisheries.
By Mr. GUBSER,;
H.R. 10298. A bill to establish the Inter-
agency Committee on ALexican-American
Affairs, and for other purposes; to the Com-
mittee on Foreign Affairs.
H.R. 10299. A bill to provide for improved
employee-management relations in the Fed-
eral service, and for, other purposes; to the
Committee on Post Office and Civil Service.
SENATE ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED
The SPEAKER announced his $i~,na-
ture to enrolled bills of the Senate b>f the
following titles:
S. 458. An act for the reflei of Yuka .1wa-
mura; and
S. 672. An act for the relief of Ctiaarles
Richard Scott.
ADJOURNMENT
Mr. BURLISON of Missouri. Mr.
Speaker, I move that the Rouse dd, :low
The motion was agreed to; acCc rd-
ingly (at 5 o'clock and 16lninutes pl.i'i.),
the House adjourned Until tomorrow,
'Tuesday, April 22, 1966,_
969, at 12 o'o1:ck
noon.
EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIOI4S,
ETC.
Under clause 2 of rule IV, exec>,ttive
communications were taken from', the
Speaker's table and referred as follgw-vs:
690. A letter from the Secretary of Defense,
transmitting a draft of propocd legislat ton
to authorize the President to reappoli}t as
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff for
an additional term of 1 years the officer $e-?v-
ing in that position on April 1, 1969; td she
Committee on Armed Services.
691. A letter from the Ass lat x it Secr terry
of Defense (Installations $# id LogistttcA),
transmitting a report on xnhllLary proejure-
ment actions for experimenteJ, developx>)i(ri-
tali, test, or research work negotiated uile ier
th provisions of 30 U.S.C. 230$(:x) 11 and:, eO4
(a 16, for the period July-ISecernber 18,
pursuant to the provisions of 10 U14 C.
2304(e); to the Committee Q32 Armed Serv-
ice .
92. A letter from the Comptroller
ing and Urban Development l:oncernin$ a
recommendation made by the Comptroller
H.R.10290. A bill -:o amend section 1682
of H.R. 10302. A bill to amend the Internal
title 38 of the United States Code to / Revenue Code of 1954 to Impose additional
increase the rate of educational assistance f limitations on tax-e%%xnpt foundations and
allowance paid to veterans under such sec charitable trusts; to the Committee on Ways
tion; to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs,' and Means.
By Mr. FARBSI 1N:
H.R. 10291. A bill to amend title XVIII ot
the Social Security Act to include dental care,
eye care, dentures, eyeglasses, and hearifag
aids among the benefits provided by the isr-
surance program established by part B. of
such title; to the Committee on Ways and
Means.
By Mr. FOREMAN:
H.R. 10292. A bill to prohibit the dissemi-
nation through interstate commerce or the
malls of materials harmful to persons under
the age of 18 years, anc. to restrict the exhibi-
By Mr. HOWARD (for himself, Mr.
HATHAWAY, Mr. HANLEY, Mr. MIKVA,
Mr. HELSTOSKr,, Mr. BLATNnc, Mr.
KLUCZYNsxr, and Mr. HicKs) :
H.R. 10300. A bill to amend the Merchant
Marine Act, 1936, to encourage shipbuilding,
and for Other purposes; tit the Committee
on Merchant Marine and Fisheries,
H.R. 10301. A bill to amend the Internal
Revenue Code of 1954 to 1nerease from $600
to $1,200 the personal income tax exemptions
cif a taxpayer (including the exemption for
spouse, the exemption for a dependent,
Ind the additional exemptions for old age
and blindness); to the Committee on Ways
By Mr. KARTH:
H.R. 10303. A bill td amend subchapter III
of chapter 83 of title S, United States Code,
relating to civil service retirement, and for
other purposes; to the Committee on Post
Office and Civil Service.
H.R. 10304. A bill to reclassify certain posi-
tions in the postal field service, and for other
purposes; to the Committee on Post office
and Civil Service.
By Mr. KYROS:
H.R. 10305. A bill to provide for improved
employee-management relations in the
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
United States
of America
at Itcror
on ression _d
PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 9 I St CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION
WASHINGTON, MONDAY, APRIL 21, 1969
Senate
The Senate was not in session today. Its next meeting will be held on Tuesday, April 22, 1969, at 12 o'clock meridian.
House of Representatives
The House met at 12 o'clock boon.
The Chaplain, Rev. Edward. Latch,
D.D., offered the following prayer;
The Lord thy God bless the, in all the
work of thine hand which t u doest.-
O Lord, our God, whose Tory is in
all the world and whose good ess shines
in all that is fair, we comma ; ourselves
and our country to Thy merciful care:
that being guided by Thy spirit,ye may
Grant that the work of this day may
be in accordance with Thy will. Give to
us health of body, clarity of mind and
strength of spirit that we may do what
we have to do with all our hearts,
Deliver us from the fear that destroys,
from the futility that deadens, and from
the frustration that discourages us. Do
Thou help us to work to make our dreams
come true and to dream to make our
work worth doing.
Keep our Nation strong In Thee. Let
us walk and work together humbly and
in all good will that in faith and free-
dom Thy glory shall be revealed in every
effort we make to share in the work of
the world: through Jesus Christ by
whose life we have been redeemed. Amen.
THE JOURNAL.
The Journal of the proceedings of
Thursday, April 17, 1969, was read and
approved.
MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT
A message in writing from the Presi-
dent of the United States was communi-
cated to the House by Mr. Geisler, one of
his secretaries.
MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE
A message from the Senate by Mr.
Arrington, one of its clerks, announced
MONDAY, APRIL 21, 1969
that the Senate had passed without
amendment a bill of the House of the
following title:
H.R. 10158. An act to provide mail serv-
ice for Mamie Doud Eisenhower, widow of
former President. Dwight David Eisenhower.
The message also announced that the
Senate had passed bills of the following
titles, in which the concurrence of the
House is requested:
S. 265. An act for the relief of John (Gio=
vanni) Denaro;
S. 1531. An act for the relief of Chi Jen
S. 16"26 act for the relief of Gong Sing
Hom.
COMMITTEE ON THE JtqDICIARY-
REQUEST FOR PERMIS ON TO
SIT
Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Mr. S ak-
er, I ask unanimous consent that the
Committee on the Judiciary may hhve
permission to sit during general debate
Tuesday, April 22.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman frofn
Colorado?
Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker,
reserving the right to object, has the
gentleman cleared this with the rank-
Ing minority member of the committee?
If so, he has not communicated with me.
Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. I have not
communicated with him. However, this
comes under an understanding that was
had that the committee would again
resume its executive session in connec-
tion with the electoral college. That is
the matter before us.
Mr. GERALD R. FORD. I am in full
accord with affirmative action in this
important area, but I think it is wise
that we always assume when a request
is made that there has been no problem
about clearing it with the ranking minor-
ity member. I would respectfully request
that the gentleman defer this until at
least I have been notified that there is
no problem as far as our ranking Re-
publican member is concerned.
Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. I do not
know if he has any objection.
Mr. GERALD R. FORD. I have to be
sure and positive.
Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Here is Mr.
POFF now.
Mr. GERALD R. FORD. And I think it
is good policy that we know in advance
that we have had this cleared. There-
fore I would respectfully request that the
gentleman defer his request.
Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. I will with-
draw my request for the time being, Mr.
Speaker.
REPRESENTATIVE FRIEDEL INTRO-
DUCES BILL AIMED AT FOSTER-
ING COMPETITION IN FREIGHT
TRANSPORTATION
(Mr. FRIEDEL asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. FRIEDEL. Mr. Speaker, I am in-
troducing today a bill-aimed at foster-
ing competition in freight transportation
and thereby easing the grave national
small shipment problem-to amend part
I of the Interstate Commerce Act, as
amended, to authorize railroads to pub-
lish rates for use by common carriers.
Among common carriers, we have
freight forwarders, railway express com-
panies, and motor carriers who are in-
tended to serve the small shipment pub-
lic. To a large extent inequities in pres-
ent law have inhibited constructive
competition for this business and service
has badly deteriorated.
This bill will permit railroads to pub-
lish reduced rates, that reflect economies
resulting from efficient collection, con-
solidation, and distribution, for ship-
ments directed to railroads for line haul
carriage by other common carriers.
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
H 2810 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 21, 1969
Resultant economies shou4ld benefit
small shipment senders and receivers
and thereby serve the national interest.
PELLY URGES INVESTIGACI'ION OF
PRO-ARAB EXTREMIST ;GROUPS
IN UNITED STATES
(Mr. PELLY asked and was given per-
mission to address the House or i min-
ute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. PELLY. Mr. Speaker, Tn am con-
cerned about what is said to be the
growth of extremist hate groups in the
United States and this, it appears to me,
deserves investigation by Congress.
In the 90th Congress, the Ouse In-
ternal Security Committee issued an ex-
cellent report on the Ku X Klan
which was prepared after an jtensive
investigation. It seems to me th t'in. light
of recent activities by some o$xtermist
groups in this count.ry in suppo~tof the
Arab guerrilla attacks -on Israel, similar
investigation. by the Internal Security
According to information w ich ap-
peared in the New York Times, ese ex-
tremist groups are mobilized th ughout
our country. For example, in iroit, a
drive on behalf of the Al Fatah Is being
conducted by the Wayne State Univer-
sity chapter of the Organization of Arab-
Students, described as "somet hies in
concert with the youth group of the
Trotskyite Social Workers Par~y." in
Philadelphia, the militant Labor Forum,
an arm of the Socialist Worker Party,
sponsored a pro-Arab, pro-Fat h pro-
gram, on March 14. The same tht~ghas
occurred in New York City whe e it is
reported that Al Fatah guerril as re
ceived substantial and favorable treat-
ment in the official publication of the
Black Panther Party and a periodical of
the Black Muslem movement. ti
Mr. Speaker, Americans dese Ie to
know the full implications of su h ex-
tremist support in their country f rsuch
a group as the Al Fatah which a ad-
,mittedly and continually causing death
and destruction to the peoples of srael.
In the interest of peace in the Middle
East, I urge an investigation as s+idn as
risible so that the public can leatrl the
truth about cooperation between UK ex-
termist eleme fts, and the Al Fatah
PRESIDENT'S DECISION TO INURE
FUTURE U.S. RECONNAISS CE
FLIGHTS ADEQUATE PROTECTION
_ -
(Mr. BUSH asked and was give per
r$fission to address the House of 1 nuts
and to revise and extend his rem ks.)
Mr. BUSH. Mr. Speaker, I he rtily
c ncur with the President's decis1 n to
s e e that future U.S. reconnaiss nce
fights receive adequate protection I'1-
idity in responding to such u ro-
v ked, criminal action in not eonsi tent
w th American tradition. The Presid nt's
a tion thus seems a clear affirmation that
w will not be blackmailed into termi at-
in these flights.
As the evidence cleartj shows, i he
North Korean downing of-our plane ;v as
a international air space. Because the cl~a i-
ge$ of similar future attaetks on Amili-
can planes does exist, I think the Presi-
dent's recourse is a vitally necessary one.
It is imperative that we afford our men
this protection that President Nixon has
advocated so that senseless and unneces-
sary sacrifice of American lives can be
avoided in the future.
The President has indicated through
protecting ou:r flights, that future aggres-
sion against our flights will meet with
retaliation. This is as it should be. It is
tougji to conclude that the outrageous
North Korean leaders responsible for this
murderous attack understand anything
but force.
PRESIDENT NIXON'S RESTRAINT
DURING PLANE INCIDENT LAUDED
(Mr. BROWN of Ohio asked and was
given permission to address the House
for 1 minute, to revise and extend his
remarks and include extraneous matter.)
Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I
want to take this occasion to express my
full approval of the way President Nixon
has handled the piratical action of North
Korea in shooting down an unarmed
American reconnaissance plane over in-
ternational waters last Monday, killing
31 crewmen. The President has responded
with calm, reasoned restraint in the face
of this new example of aggression by a
country which :has long flouted interna-
tional law. He has won the support of
foreign governments and Members on
both sides of the aisle in this body.
The President said at his news con-
ference last Friday that reconnaissance
flights of the type taken by the ill-fated
EC121 had been going on for 20 years.
Such flights are vital to our national de-
fense interests. Every diplomat or mili-
tary commander. wants all the intelli-
gence he can get and in this critical time,
the flights should be continued. But
American men in uniform cannot con-
tinue to be subject to the mortal risks of
such Irresponsible harassment. The Pres-
ident wisely decided such flights must be
continued under the protection of units
of the American Pacific Fleet which he
has ordered into the Sea of Japan.
Mr. Speaker, the President called North
Korea a bandit nation which was con-
trolled neither by Communist China nor
the Soviet Union. That country's action
in shooting down a unarmed American
plane 100 miles at sea was an irrespon-
sible outrage which no nation adhering
to the basic tenets of international law
could support. Let us hope that by plac-
ing North Korea on notice that any fu-
ture acts of aggression against American
forces operating in international waters
or airspace will not go unanswered.
Hopefuly, those with rational common-
sense will prevail o'ier the hotter heads in
Pyongyang and see that North Korea
adopts a manner of conduct consistent
with civilized pract`ces. Otherwise, Amer-
ica will be requred to defend itself and
every peace-loving nation in the world
will sympathize with that grim necessity.
PERMISSION FOR COMMITTEE ON
INTERSTATE AND FOREIGN COM-
MERCE TO SIT DURING GENERAL
DEBATE TODAY
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that the Committee
on Interstate and Foreign Commerce
may be permitted to sit during general
debate today.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Okla-
homa?
There was no objection.
MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT
The SPEAKER. The Chair lays before
the House a message from the President
of the United States.
CALL OF THE HOUSE
Mr. SPRINGER. Mr. Speaker, I make
the point of order that a quorum is not
present.
The SPEAKER. Evidently a quorum is
not present.
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I move a
call of the House.
A call of the House was ordered.
The Clerk called the roll, and the
following Members failed to answer to
their names:
[Roll No. 381
Anderson, Ill.
Frelinghuysen
Nix
Anderson,
Fulton, Tenn.
Ottinger
Tenn.
Galifianakis
Patman
Annunzio
Gallagher
Podell
Ashbrook
Gray
Powell
Ashley
Green, Pa.
Purcell
Baring
Griffiths
Quie
Barrett
Halpern
Reid, N.Y.
Bates
Harsha
Ronan
Bell, Calif.
Hebert
Rooney, Pa.
Bingham
Jarman
Rosenthal
Blatnik
Jonas
Rostenkowski
Boggs
Karth
Roudebush
Brasco
Kirwan
Rumsfeld
Brock
Landrum
St. Onge
Brooks
Leggett
Sandman
Brotzman
Long, La.
Schauer
Brown, Calif.
Long, Md.
Sikes
Byrne, Pa.
Lowenstein
Sullivan
Cahill
McClory
Symington
Casey
McCloskey
Teague, Calif.
Celler
Macdonald,
Teague, Tex.
Chisholm
Mass.
Thompson, Ga.
Clancy
MacGregor
Tenney
Cowger
Mahon
Ullman
Davis, Ga.
Martin
Vanik
Dawson
May
Watkins
Delaney
Mayne
Watson
Dwyer
Meskill
Watts
Eckhardt
Mikva
Whalley
Edwards, La.
Mollohan
Widnalr
Fallon
Managan
Wilson, Bob
Fish
Morse
Wilson,
Flood
Morton
Charles H.
Flynt
Moss
Wydler
Foley
Murphy, N.Y.
Zwach
The SPEAKER. On this roilcall 327
Members have answered to their names,
a quorum.
By unanimous consent, further pro-
ceedings under the call were dispensed
with.
REFORM OF OUR FEDERAL INCOME
TAX SYSTEM-MESSAGE FROM
THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED
STATES (H. DOC. NO. 91-103)
The SPEAKER. The Clerk will read the
message from the President of the United
States.
The following message from the Presi-
dent of the United States was read and
referred to the Committee on Ways and
Means and ordered to be printed:
To the Congress of the United States:
Reform ofour Federal income tax sys-
tem is long overdue. Special preferences
in the law permit far too many Ameri-
cans to pay less than their fair share of
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 Aril 18. 1P rove W8W?0 2 j PR70l A R0003001300lZ 213
observers, this part of the dispute is less im- sides of a public question, had them on tine cry nGr~~A~=.~"~-?~ ~? --- -? -
portent than the philosophy of national se- air March 9, a week after Senator Jackson's Wisconsin.
curity that tempers our national decision. appearance. In that program, Dr. Wiesner Other committees that will take a look at
Some of the experts, it is suspected, have said flatly that Sentinel "won't work" and Sentinel are the Joint Atomic Energy Cam
their technical opinions warped, to one de- that his report on the subject for Mr. Ken- mittee, and the defense appropriations sub-
gree or another, by what even Donald Bren- nedy will come from people why are "not part committees of both houses,
with
and Professor Chayes machiner," such as he
tudcannot define as anything but "atti-
only a f w years this, his firstimajor encounter t ithgai volatile
nan
Dr. Brennan, who hails from the Hudson ago. They made it clear to the TV audience issue, both Congress and the press continued
tuDDe."
Institute and pleads for an ABM, does not that their dispassionate study starts with to seethe. The output is almost exclusively
believe our defense effort involves any kind the consideration that military men have anti-ABM; much of it is vituperative, and
of unending spiral or arms race. He says it been making the weapons decisions for too too much of it, in the political arena, is
ain't necessarily so. If we think the United long. Dr. Wiesner says the decisions should demagogic.
States must be able to kill 4,000,000 Russians result from considerations that go through- Tbf course, a major stimulant behind the
and if they put up an ABM that will prevent the "responsible democratic process;' He did congressional outbreak, in addition to the
us from doing it, then the answer is that we not say which process he thought was in ef- general uprising against military opinion, is
must increase our offensive forces. That's feet during the Kennedy and Johnson years. the reaction of alarmed constituents over the
what Secretary McNamara set out to do, and It was in that period that the proved mili- location of Sentinel sites near some cities.
it is not unreasonabble to. charge that he was tary decision-making process, involving There have been town meetings, in places
escalating. To Dr. Brennan, it would make weapon evaluation and source-selection like Boston and Chicago and Libertyville, Ill.,
more sense to deploy an ABM and forget board procedures, was brushed aside, to the where the citizenry is asked to express an
about this fixation that we have to kill a distress of men in uniform. If Dr. Wiesner opinion, and listen to a great many of them.
certain number of Russians. The idea is to has met Dr. Alain Enthoven, the Pentagon's On the basis of what they read and hear, in
deter a Russian attack on the United States, recent, unlamented Assistant Secretary for the circumstances described above, they can-
and this is one of the reasons President Nixon Systems Analy8is, he did not betray it. He not be blamed for not knowing more about
and the strategic Air Command, to mention did, however; make the flat statement that the reqent for an ABM system. the capein-
nation, the Athmy s proposed
only two adherents of the idea, believe peace our Minuteman silo installations, whose op- ity of
routs in the alleged
is the mission of the Defense DeDpartment. erational readiness is the responsibility of ern ti having nuclear weapons in the alleged
It was about two years ago, at the- Air the Air Force, do not need ABM protection peril . It remains a fact that some of eih-
Force Association Convention in San Fran- "at this time." persiteh odhave been housing the earlier Nike sese
cisco, that`AFA adopted a Statement of Pol- Another major political angle to the ABM , and been using the been nest of ear taking issue with the McNamara thesis controv, rsy centers around a number of semthere for nuclseveral years. There is recording of
that more missiles and warheads, "a solu- congressional committees and their juris- nuclear device having been triggered
tion advanced by the same leaders who have diction A key figure is Senator Stuart Sym any and there is nothing new about
repeatedly warned against provoking an arms ington Missouri, a former Secretary of the this ABM t at should istnr that ree a
race," would prove our salvation. AFA looked Air For V now a member of both the Armed It A ftthate that, unlike people, weapons
at the "electromagnetic shield-type defense," Service a d Foreign Relations Committees. know no emotional stress.
an ABM tool that Russia had tested with New Cha an of the Armed Services Com-
high-altitude nuclear explosions denied to mittee is Sen Joh Ste n the Miss sun- [From the Washington Post, Apr. 12, 1969]
us under terms of the nuclear test-ban treaty pi. In moving to
post as ern aU.S. ISOLA-
the Pre to SENATE FOES TIONISTSOF conc
and expressed concern about the vulnera- Surrender his circums to mci~ s be n expected
bility of our ICBMs. gating )
"We are concerned," the AFA Statement Subco ittee. He (By William S. White)
then, "about the possibility of a Soviet did did not. Mr. Stennis has retained halt chair The new isolationists of the Senate are
antiballistic missile system which would not and, in doing so, has prevented S.nAltor attacking more than the anti-ballistic missile
permit our warheads to reach their targets." Symington from advancing to the seat. ~, ystem and more even than the whole phil-
ment was in 1967. The last posture state- Mr. Symington is opposed to the ABM pro- `'sa stem. of adequate military p who tion in
ment offered by Secretary McNamara was the gram. He told the Senate recently, with a .sophy danger still military manifestly lives.
are where challenging the m manifestly
realities of
one that accompanied the current, Fiscal straight face, that the cost of this program aWorld
1969, budget. It cannot be interpreted as any- could exceed $400 billion, a figure that is the present in a plan retreat a a past
thing but a plea for Congress to accept a four or five times the most extravagant thus which present after all this time they still
standard of parity with the Russians in stra- far suggested. Senator Stennis has announced fact turning
tegic strength. There was no disposition to that the full Armed Services Committee will cacannnot of u to nnddersersbytand. three They a a ere in in c the late
do this on Capitol Hill, and Mr. McNamara examine the ABM issue, and he has prom- Thirtclock~ to ies, *hen the old isolationists were all
later endorsed the "thin" ABM, which he ised to hear from both sides in the dispute, but disarxslten this country while Hitlerism
rising in Europe. And what of
said was designed to deter the Chinese, if In the face of this, Senator William Ful- was visibly; Aing
not the Russians. bright, of Arkansas, also a foe of ABM, has today? Ty, current Chinese Communist
Incidentally, Mr. McNamara estimated named a subcommittee of his Foreign Policy today? Congress sent iese ommuni s, m that a "relatively small number of warheads Committee "to make a detailed review of the Part by the es rho s of that alrextr bist
detonated over fifty Chinese cities would de- international military commitments of the ceven ore power,gmoving into even higher positions
stray half the urban population (more than United States and their relationship to for- of influencR.
fifty million people) and more than onehalf lien policy." The Chairman of the subcom- The newt words of the new isolationists, of
of the industrial capacity." This, certainly, mittee: Senator Symington. William
contributed to his credibility gap. For our The lineup here has brought the comment such ulhri as ht Seandstore Ed Mike ke Kane Mansfield d aa,nd have the
strategic arsenal, the job should be easy. from at least one Capitol Hill sophisticate same old/meaniEd, as the words of of yesterday. Now,
to note that Edward M. Kennedy of Massa- a time to happen. Mr. Stennis feels strongly in the to Sixties, the assault is daminally
chusetts, brother of John and Robert Ken- that the ABM question is in his jurisdiction. upon P ate Sixties, the assau t decision-and inall-
nedy and a close personal associate of Robert The appearance of Mr. Symington at the dent J aside s t before him-to build a mini-
McNamara, is in the forefront of the effort. head of a Foreign Policy inquiry that seems mn BM against the confirmed and mini-
As Democratic Democratic Whip, potential presidential surely destined to get into military affairs- un niable rains the bigger Soviet work
rival of Mr. Nixon in 1972, and darling of the ABM as well as other issues-does not in his field. Actually, it is an Soviewor
n
the New Left in his own party, Mr. Kennedy rest well with the veteran from Mississippi. ndamentd. and bipartisan national assault upon
is in a position to make political capital out The Fulbright insistence that ABM is a sin back l through and bipartisan
four previous national policies dmin of the ABM dispute. matter of concern to him was brought out at . grit ona and based upon the
vious Aon that
He started on February 19 by declaring the February 20 session, where Mr. Lairct~
that the review of ABM promised by the testified. The subject of the hearing was )lie a great power must deal from positions of
Nixon Administration would not be dispas- Nonproliferation Treaty, but the testimony strength and realism rather than of vague
sionate, exhaustive, and conclusive. His rem- dealt with this only in a passing sense. I. hope and amiable weakness tied to good
edy is to ensure a dispassionate, exhaustive, Fulbright used the meeting to probe the intentions.
and conclusive study by commissioning Dr. ABM issue. This performance was repeated Then in the late Thirties, the old isolation-
Jerome B. Wiesner of the Massachusetts In- on March 6 when a Fulbright subcommittee ists were nominally attacking the alleged
wt as chaired by Senator A bert weapons of defense, and inutruthr att the
report. Abram tinel isystem en
stitute of Chayes of Harvard Technology to write a Professor
Gore of Tennessee. the whale philosophy of national strength
Now Wiesner and Professor Chaves
both worked for the Kennedy Ad Admfhistra- On top of this, the House Armed Services as the best deterrent to war.
ion,kas scientific and legal advisers. They Committee will hold hearings, as will also a Those who remember those days should
t
are now opponents of the Sentinel system Subcommittee on National Security Policy have no difficulty in seeing how the wheel I-louse has
old
The
ull
urned
Isolationist which explains why "Meet the Prboth Committee tion Fo eign Affairs. Ittise headed Sen.,Gera d fNye operated a p olonged and
is under r some e compulsion to present
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 E A roved For R~IM~%JpQS$a,IQJ/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
L RECORD - Extensions of Remarks April 18, 1969
kleig-lit circus of a "Senate investigation," DELAY IN U.S. DISTRICT COURTS were also told to be ready at 1:30 p.m. in
aided and shepherded by the best "public the afternoon. My attorney, to my personal
relations" men then in the business, against HON. knowledge, was forced to delay other trials
those he was pleased to call "the Merchants STROM THURMOND scheduled in the courts of Maryland and the
of Death." us SOUTH CAROLINA General Sessions Court of the District of
Today's new isolationists are nq lessrich Columbia, as well as cancel several deposi-
tn assistance from modern "public ~glations" IN T SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES tions previously scheduled in Maryland and
types, who see the contemporary equivalents of "Merchants of Death" in those Who will- Fridag~ April 18, 1969 the District , for. example, ma. - On Friday, lyim attorney had
one profoundly hopes=ultimately erect an Mr. THURMOND, Mr. President, we very ry important clients clientts flying in n from London,
ABM shield, and also even in those senior are all familiar with Gladstone's famous England but was forced Office call the
U.S. Dis-
officers who wear the uniforms of the. United maxim: "Justice delayed is justice tract Court Assignment Office frequently and
and
states, denied," It often occurs, however, that it was not until 3:00 p.m., Friday that we
It was in its effect, in its sentimentalism, a well-known phrase, repeated many were told that we were free until Monday,
and emotional demagoguery, a biickster's times over the years, will be reduced in March 10, 1969. The same thing has ha
game
game in Nye's time, no matter ham, honest ha
pened p-
motive it may have been, It is in errect men's minds to a mere cliche. When this 10, 11 on and 12, Tuesday and today, March
a similar game now, no matter how' 'sincere- happens, the substance is lost, regardless 10, 11 , 1969. Until 3:00 p.m. each day
I was forced t have three witnesses smydiay
may be the new Isolationist-semi-pacifist of how valuable and profound the origi- and was forced (
time. keen day
group now gathered about Mansfield and ria1 thought had been. manager on duty duty overtime. My attorney,
Fulbright and Kennedy and the rest. I fear that this is partially true of the when I became very upset, explained to me
Nye got the headlines then; for then as now above phrase. We can all quote it glibly, that only the retired judges sat on civil cases
it was infinitely easier to repeal war and dan-
necessssity for
ger than to defend the hard necessity can We really understand how it has in the U.S. District Court for the District of
national preparation, with its inevitable tor- its application to an individual ease? Do Columbia and that they were free to pick and
ollary of national sacrifice. The new isola- we rally have any concept of the hard- choose the cases they would hear. Finally, I
tionists get the headlines now. ;For who ships that can arise under an unwieldy was told by my attorney on Wednesday that
would not rather hear promises of more and system of justice? I think that in man the Assignment Office would try to get a crim-
y inal judge to hear my case. As of 2:00 pm.,
more goodies at home, accompanied by more cases we do not, and it is for this rea- Wednesday, March 12, 1969, we are still
and more "peace" abroad, than stolid warn- son that I ask unanimous consent that a standing by. I am scheduled for an operation
ings of the harsh actualities of our, time? letter I have recently received from Mr. Saturday morning.
Three decades ago the old isolationists John Harding ]3allance be printed in the Senator, I can afford this but what about
seized and captured all the "good" and Booth- mng words; today the new isolationists have R4CORD. The contents should be of gene- a seriously injured man trying to obtain his
seized and captured all the "good" nd com- inc interest to all concerned. day in court. It makes justice a mockery,
forting words. I wish to make it clear that I am in no If your Senate Judiciary Committee sub-
poenaed personnel from the Assignment Of--
The Senate swarmed then, as i swarms way judging the merits of his case, since flee of the U.S. District CGurt it would seem
now, with "advisers" and "experts" rid "sci- I do not have access to all of the facts that the real truth as to why these conditions
entists" eager to put private dgment involved, nor do I attempt to influence exist could be determined. I have learned that
resting most of all on mere priv to hope the outcome in any way. Rather, my only the actual trial days each of these judges sit
against the tough evidence of pre fessional objective is to show the Senate and the on the bench and hear cases in both the
intelligence. No "public relations" t' yes now American people how an individual citi- U.S. District Court and the General Sessions
assist the pro-ABM men; none were at hand
30 years ago for those other men wh bravely Zen may be aff?Cted when justice is de- Court is a national disgrace, My informant
struggled, until it was a most t late, to laved. also said that they would explain this paucity
dispel evangelistic emotionalism and good- I am calling this matter to the atten- trying tacto actual
settle trial they were
ttle time oases by but that claiming this was not
guy rhetoric from the somber count 13 of the lion of the SUIXOmmittee on Improve- the truth.
Nation. merits in Judicial Machinery and the Knowing that you are vitally concerned
Attorney General of the. United States about law and justice far all, may I urge that
for their consideration, you use this case, John Harding Ballance v.
NORTH KOREAN ACGR ION There being no objection, the letter Parking Management, Inc., United States Dis-
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, trict Court for the District of Columbia,
HON. JOSEPH M. GAY DOS as follows: Civil Action No. 1131-66, in an attempt to
ascertain the truth so that strong preventive
of PENNSYLVANIA Hon. STROM THDaMOND, measures may be taken promptly in the in-
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTA IVES United, States Senator, Senate Office Build- terest of justice.
ing, Washington, D.C. Sincerely,
Thursday, April 17, 19691 DEAR SENATOR TnuRmGND: As one of your (Signed) JOHN HARDING BALLANCE.
constituents whc has had the pleasure of
Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Si-Baker, with the knowing you for many years as a customer in
lingering memories of the s ameful the Holloway House, I feel that I must call the
Pueblo incident still flesh in the minds deplorable condmt:.on that exists in our courts MARY K. LONG
of Americans, our country has Uffered to your attention based upon my own per-
another outrageous attack by North sonal experience.
Korea when they wantonly destroyed On March 25, 1966, I was beaten by the HON. MICHAEL A. FEIGHAN
parking lot manager for Parking Manage-
one of our military aircraft in w ich the ment, Inc. at 742-13th Street, N.W. In an of OHIO
lives of 31 Americans were take .' entirely unprovoked attack. The manager IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
We cannot afford to stand idly by and was merely transferred to another lot and Thursday, April 17, 1969
permit these unprovoked assaults with when I learned this I had my attorney, Wil-
impunity. Diplomatic -protest akid ex- liam A. Mann, 308 Colorado Building, Wash- Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr. Speaker, next
haustive oratory will Ilct bring back 31 ington, D.C., file suit against Parking Man- Tuesday a birthday party will be given
American livesnor will h t deter agement, Inc. This was done promptly, in honor of one of Cleveland's most out-will , fu- On January 9, ::969, I was advised to have -standing citizens, Mary K. Long.
ture hostile acts. Insurance against these my three witnesses and my doctor to be
contemptible acts of aggression c>in only ready for trial. I did this and was advised Mary K. Long has been an effective
be realized by immediate, firm, arc posi- later in the day that the case would be reset and integral part of the development
tive action, due to no judges being available. This per- and progress of Cleveland. Mrs. Long has
Last fall in Miami, Mr. Nixon p~oliLsed formance was repeated on two or three occa- taken the time from her life as a devoted
lions during January and February 1969 wife and mother to interest not only her-
prompt and effective reaction tD such causing a full days loss and overtime pay for self, but her neighbors and the entire
incidents and pledged that the Alneri- my day manager. Greater Cleveland community to advo-
can flag will not be a doormat f?s any.. Finally, I was advised that the case was
body at home or abroad. scheduled for trial on March 3, 1969, I kept Cate participation in civic affairs.
North Korea has just wiped r feet my day manager on duty for every day last The response to her active interest
on the American flag. Millions of erl_ week at considerable expense plus having impelled her to accept the honored posi-
three witnesses standing by each morning at tion of Democratic ward leader in ward 9
cans hope Mr. Nixon 's pledge 11 be 9:30 a.m. We were told around 10:30 each which has the largest constituency in the
honored, day that no civil judge was available but city of Cleveland. During Mrs. Long's
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 ril pp my d For Re4b (%JSD NAi RECORD 71 B0036 8000300130002-9 - SENATE S 3899
by applying more force. To this military pro- "Therefore all the ambitious minds in a by the other. Tocqueville expressed It as
totype, there is "no substitute for victory" democratic army ardently long for war, be- follows:
and the failure to apply the necessary force cause war makes vacancies available and at "War does not always give democratic so-
to achieve it is taken as the result of a fail- last allows violations of the rule of seniority, cieties over to military government, but it
ure of will, a lack of courage, and even a which is the one civil t
e
ge na oral to a must invariably and immeasurably increase
deficiency of virility. Excluded from serious democrat
y, the consideration is the possibility that force "We thus arrive at the strange conclusion most paut m automatically government;
to the direction
may fail, as in Vietnam, not because you that of all armies those which long for war of all men and the control of all things in
didn't use enough of it, but because it was most ardently are the democratic ones, but the hands of the government. If that does not
the wrong thing to use in the first place, that of all peoples those most deeply attached lead to despotism by sudden violence, it leads
The critical deficiency in the soldier's out- to peace are the democratic nations. And the. men gently in that direction by their. habits.
look, Professor White suggests, is a lack of most extraordinary thing about the whole "All those who seek to destroy the freedom
empathy with the enemy, and a consequent matter is that it is equality which is respon- of the democratic nations must know that
lack of ability to predict the enemy's be- sible for both these contradictory results." 15 war is the surest and shortest means to
havior." Assuming a perfect inverse rela- The military have become ardent and dan- accomplish this. That is the very first axiom
tionship between the amount of force you gerous competitors i
wer in American of their science?-
apply and the enemy's will to resist, the mil- society. The Iervtnas compete o 7 I American
N. DEFENDING AMERICAN DEMOCRACY
other Itary planner takes grossly insufficient ac- for fupdg,' for the control of new-weawns
- -
uc111 111.74
-'v------? i rou practice
attack on Pearl Harbor was a brillant stra- :td fight." Constantly improving their tech- peace; the next best is the vigorous tegic success; it virtually destroyed the Amer. niques for rapid deployment, they not onl of democracy. We are not having much suc
y ican Pacific fleet, but the Japanese totally yearn to try them out but actively seek op- democracy. in making peace, but we are practicing
failed to foresee how the attack would.Anifv uortunities by pressing +heir
^ democracy. The dissent against
e+nam +, o
ro
o
t
p
p
s
mous resources and energies whit were to tempted by the seemingly quick, "surgical" willingness of Congress to look into the hith-
bring ruin to the Japanese Empi In aim- courses of action proposed by the military in erto sacrosanct military budget are all en-
co.
g
llar fashion, the think-tank str egists and preference to the endless
we
riso
,
a
me methods
Pentagon planners failed to gau a the psy- of diplomacy. For a variety of reasons-to test l I have
have indeed been gratified-and frankly
chological effects of our milita interven- new plans and equipment, to try out the somewhat surprised-by the change in the
tion in South Vietnam and our robing of techniques of en?nterinsurge .,
d ,? +w_ Senate's attitude on military m:a.tterc A ro,.
an
-.
b
ling left out
-alt ?
--
war and "graduated escalation" h e gone of the military services were enthusiastic quirt' into military influences on our foreign
hopelessly awry. Fighting in their own home- about the initial involvement in Vi
Policy. And Senator Gore's Disarmament
t
B
e
nam.
y
land against an enemy whom the. e rega as now they should have had their fill, but they Subcommittee has held public, televised
c...,.
Vieth
have
i
ou
h
to sci
a
g
inflicted
Y a. v ment protesting the ABM and other wasteful
spond y punishment t4-. -only military principle which has been military projects 19 And Senator Ellender of
with scientific displays of pain. vi sated in Vietnam is Tocqueville's maxim
Our greatest military miscalculation was that. here are two things +ha+wil , . .. Louisiana, who is not usually
rl
an
ecen
y h
It was not foreseen that the American people start a war a to end it." 17 For almost 20 years now, many of us
would not indefinitely sustain a war against Even thou
in the Congress have more or less blindl
ht
i
b
y
g
s pro
e
abl not a single
a small, distant and backward country, a war top-ranking officer Y of e y followed our military spokesmen. Some have
without valid or attainable purpose, a war ices who would conside n ttem rtlto over- the eome captives of turni the military. We are on
in which success is measured not by the at- turn constitutional gover ent in the wa the verge of turning orgo a militaristic the
na-
tainment of positive objectives but by the of Seven Days in May, mil ism a trod. . . and have forgotten many of the
__ poses a traditions and values which mash this
barbarous standard of "kill ratios." What no -distinct +hre
t t
a
o our
? of e
rest of us-was that we would become trapped stricted and highly influential porn of view world."
us 'Y con- and material almost heedlessly about the
in a conflict matching the enemy's willing- toward our foreign relations-a yr point Congressional concern with militarism re-
ness to die against our willingness to kill. which takes little account of political om- fleets a mounting concern in the country as
For us the choice has become one between plexities, even less of social and econ is a whole. The drift into militarism and im-
victory and decency-an awkward choice in- factors, and just about none of human a d r,eriaus
deed. aneeeatin , +h~+
line there was a failure in our militar t e"f. a ga~at -e'ueraujuns. \ from millions of our citizens, especially our
planning. y But the military is more than a benign youth, and I am much inclined to the view
Just as force is the professional soldier's repository of parochial political views. It has that, no matter how radical they regard
stock in trade, war is his best opportunity become great vigorous, partisan in our politics, emselves, our youth-except for a very a for advancement. I do not think that mils- exerting influence on the executive, on f w-have become the defenders of tradi-
the military committees of Congress, on the ti gal American values. Having believed in
tary professionals consciously seek or yearn "think-tanks" and universities to which it th principles they were brought up to be-
for war, but they can hardly be blamed if parcels out lucrative research contracts, and lie in-such as Jefferson's idea of liberty,
they do not abhor It as civilians do. Peace- on public opinion. A few weeks ago it came Lin oln's idea of equality, and Wilson's idea
time duty is dull. An army in peacetime is to my attention that the Department of the of na-
like Congress during adjournment-without Army was planning a national cam-
Ares i -generation commun youunng of dericans have
the same opportunities for travel. Combat paign Involving exhibits and publicity planted t
'ee' h r they are pro-
rovides a soldier with the o ortunit for , maga- p hese ideas betrayed, and they are pp y zinc articles cles to o b be solicited from tame civilian test
distinction, advancement and command.
g against it.
i
sc
entists, in order to sell the ABM to the
General Shoup takes note of this tendency, 14 American public and to counteract the crrti- T et' do so with a motivation that older
and so indeed did that most perceptive ob- cisms of Congressmen and the scientific coin- pe le lack-even If they share the insight n
server of America, Alexis de Tocqueville, who P use buse it is you of the student generation
took note over
h
a
undred years ago of the o are clled upon to fight your coun-
special dangers and susceptibilities of mili- Only very rarely does a general invoke the ry's battleas. I have some awareness of the
tary establishments in democracies. In aris- higher loyalty of patriotism-his own con- anguish that Vietnam and the draft impose
tocracies, Tocqueville points out, the no- cept of it, that is--over loyalty to civili upon so many of you. And while I wish that
bility become officers as a matter of duty and political authority, as General MacArth rd you did not have to bear this unfair burden,
their ranks are foreclosed by birth
in his defiance of President Truma ut if, I must admit that I take a cert
but
i
h
,
,
a
n
ope for
"In democratic armies all the soldiers may as time goes on, the countr ues to. be the future from the moral sensibilities that.
become officers, and that fact makes desire chronically at war, continues to sustain a underlie your anguish.
for promtoi general and opens almost desire huge, largely autonomous military establish- In his notable decision voiding the con-
or doors on military a and opin- ens and continues to neglect its domestic viction of a non-religious conscientious ob-
finiteto . Desiresor promotion is almost universal problems, militarism? will surely increase, jeer, Judge Wyzanski of Boston may have
democratic armies;" promotion is almost
in democratic
continues, and even if the military does not take over eased the prospect for some young people
eager, trmie;" i es, the government directly, it could come to who will be faced with the draft and with
other desires serve o to It, s, and dd and contcont it is only acquire power comparable to that of the Vietnam, and I hope that will be the case.
uenched with life itself. It is therefore only German General Staff in the years before At the very least he has enunciated a civilized
to see edt wpromotion ith life Itself. times pefor ea must y World War I. It may not seem likely now, democratic principle in asserting the right
to slower In democratic armies than en any but it is by no means so inconceivable that of selective conscientious objection, because,
other armies in the world. we need not warn against it and act to pre- unless it Is believed that all wars are equally
vent it. just or unjust, and unless it is believed that
The root cause of militarism is war, and as only organized religions provide -valid bases
Footnotes at end of article. long as we have the one, we will be menaced for moral conviction, the rule overturned
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 I Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71B00364R00030013090-91969-
S 3000 CO=NGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
Jti neither sense nor intelligence operation. was carried on will record, an irreparable loss; now, there-
by }.dge Wyzanskl makes fore, be It
justiQe. As udge Wyzanski put it, "Indeed'a without the personal knowledge of Pres- Resolved, the House of Representatives
seleclive conscientious objector night refieet ident Nixon even as the incident of the concurring, that the Legislature stand and
e more discriminating study of the problem H S.S. Pueblo was carried on without the tender a moment of silent prayer and upon
a more "sensitive conscience, e1id a deeper personal knowledge of President John- adjourning this day, it do so out of respect
spiritual understanding." son. The questions I have in my mind to the memory of our beloved General
In 1 the courts, the assert r g itsand In
Congress democracy is reasserting itself. It IF are: First, why was this trip necessary; Dwight
Resolved, Ethatha copy o this joint resolu-
ropy be this transmitted red t
engaged in a holding action ageinst the new and, second, why are relatively unarmed tion, suitably that
milit{arism. But as long as we r~Inain at war ships like the Pueblo, and unarmed the family suitably theng e deceased.
it can only be a holding action,, ecause-it I. planes, like this one, sent into areas In Senate Chamber, read and adopted,
may' adapt an old military axiom-in a where the risk of incidents of this kind ordered sent forthwith, April 1, 1969.
democracy there is no substitute for peace. is very high? Sent Down For Concurrence.
FOOTNOTES It appears to me t;1at what has hap- JERROLD B. SPEEas,
x f(uoted in The New York Times, March 1E, pnned has resulted f:~om a carryover of Secretary.
1969' an intelligence policy and procedure House of Representatives, read and
.
gS~peech delivered at Massachusetts Insti- which had been in existence for some adopted, April 1, 1969 In concurrence.
tote of Technology, March 4, 109, sponsors years and which his been continued BERTHA W. JOHNSON,
by the March 4 Movement protesstiI' g the min - automatically into the present, in the ab- Clerk.
uses'. of science. The Washinyto~i Post, Marc' =sence of orders to the contrary from the
30,11969, p. B3. new administration.
8 Statement of Dr. George" istiakowsk^, SHARING OF TAXES WITH STATE
March 11, 1969, Strategic and lr'oreign Policy The President and the Nation require AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
Implications of the ARM Syitems. Hearir.g protection from that sort of situation.
before the Subcommittee o n nternation al We need to make certain that the activi- Mr. PELL. Mr. President, the General
Organization and DisarmamenAffairs of tl a ties of the diverse intelligence agencies Assembly of the State of Rhode Island
Committee on Foreign Relatioi}S, U.S. Senats, are in accord with present need, as deter- and Providence Plantations recently
91st Cong., 2nd seas., (Washing n: U.S. Ga ' mined by the responsible elected leader- adopted a resolution requesting Congress
ern{nent Printing office,1969).
a Statement ship and that the agencies do not work to adopt a program providing for a shar-
and George n Policy March
28, 1969, Strategic rateeg gic D a Foreign Policy Impii at times at cross purposes. They must be ing of taxes with State and local govern-
cations of the ARM Systems. brought under the control of the Presi- ments. So that Senators may be aware of
5 t. F. Stone's Weekly, Marc 4, 1969, p. 7. dent of the United States. I would sug- the views expressed by the legislature of
0 Julius Duscha, Arms, nfoney and Poli~ti ^s gest that serious consideration be given, my State, I ask unanimous consent that
(Now York: Ives Washburn c., 1965), p? therefore, to the creation of a headquar- the resolution of the Rhode Island Gen-
62. ters element within the White House. It eral Assembly be printed in the RECORD.
';Bernard D. Nossiter, "Arms Makers Offer the resolu-
ton for Ex-Pentagon Brass," The Washing- could evaluate the numerous continuing There being no objection,
ton Post, March 23, 1969, p. A2. intelligence programs of the agencies and tion was ordered to be printed in the
8'Walter Adams and Adriai Jaffe, Govan'- departments so that the responsible RECORD, as follows:
meet, The Universities, anUInternati0ral elected administration will know what RESOLUTION H. 1418
Affairs: A Crisis in Identity,-Special Report intelligence activities are being Carried Resolution memorializing Congress to Snsti-
PrQpared for the U.S. AdvisarY Commissi >n on by whom, where, and for what pun- tuts a tax-sharing program with State
on', International Educational .,nd Cultlx al pose. This information should be at the and local governments
A rs, 90th Cong., 1st Seas.,;House Doc. No. disposal of the President if he chooses to Resolved, That the general assembly of the
in Office, 1967), (Washingtonp: . U 30. .S. Government PrYl t- have it or at the disposal of someone State of Rhode Island and Providence
Plan- directlysponsible to him on a daily tations respectfully requests the Congress of
At antic, April 1969, p. 51. basis so that the elected administration the United States to institute a tax-sharing
P United States Foreign ITiey: Shier of will be fully aware of what is happening program with state and local governments;
the Republic, (Boston: Little, Brown & Ca., throughout the world and would not be and be it further
i943) P. xi. placed in the difficult position of its Resolved, That the secretary of state be
in the cases of the U-2 and he hereby is authorized to transmit a
ix "The New American Militarism," p. Si'.
is Ralph K. White, Nobody Wanted SVar: predecessors incident and as the Ftleblo, duly certified copy of this resolution to each
Misperception in Vietnam Z Other Wars senator and representative from Rhode Is-
(Garden City: Doubleday & Company, land in the Congress of the United States in
1968), p. 221. the hope that they will use every effort to
s ibid, pp. 219-221. DWIGHT DAVIT) EISENHOWER- institute and expedite such a program.
a. "The New American Militarism," p. 54. RESOLUTION OF LEGISLATURE Attest:
zs Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in OF MAINE AUGUST P. LAFRANCE,
America (New York: Harper & Row, Pub- Secretary of State.
ushers, 1966), Vol. II, ch. 22, pp. 622523, Mrs. SMITH. Mr. President, for my-
xe "The New American Militarism," p. 55. self and on behalf of my colleague from
1
Democracy in America, p. 824. Maine (Mr. MusK::E), I ask unanimous DWIGHT DAVID EISENHOWER
18Ibid., p. 625. consent to have printed in the RECORD a Mr. PROUTY. Mr. President, "Dwight
18 Senators Goodell, Cook, Hatfield' and. joint resolution of the Legislature of David Eisenhower": The name evokes
n
S xbe, in a statement issued by Se
ators Maine in memoriam of Gen. Dwight
Goodell and Cook at Wright-Pattersoli !Air David Eisenhower, 34th President of the the title "President" and rank of "gen-
FFOrce Base, April 3, 1969. eral" and at once something more,
d 91 st cong 1st United States of America. something simpler. For to his time and
r
R
THE NAVY RECONNAISSANCE PLANE IN NEMO5XAM North Africa, then on to Sicily and Italy.
INCIDENT IN THE SEA OF JAPAN Whereas, we are deeply grieved by the We embarked with him on the "great
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, ap- death of General Dwight David Eisenhower crusade" that began on the beaches of
reciate the fact that the administra- the thirty-fourth .President of the United Normandy and ended in that school-
States of America and truly a great Ameri- house in Rheims.
on and other countries are m king can; and We followed him eagerly, for he was
very effort through search missions to Whereas, the spirit of his firm but com-
locate possible wreckage and to sajve, if passionate leadership shall forever remain in a brilliant strategist and something
ssible, the lives of any survivors of the the hearts of all peace-loving people more. He had that ability to weld to-
reconnaissance plane whit was throughout the world; and gether the greatest alliance of armies
ravy
of down off North Korea. I com end Whereas, his every act reflected an inspir- the world has ever seen. He was able to
he President for his cool and deliberate ing sense of enduring devotion to duty, to sustain victory with modesty, extend a
honor and to country long to be cherished hand and grin to the troops. "My name's
approach to this crisis. by all free men; ant. Eisenhower" was all he said.
The incident, however, raises several Whereas, in his passing, not only the peo-
luestions in my mind. First, let me say pie of this state, but a nation of states and After the war, Sir Winston Churchill
that it is my belief that this particular a world of nations, have suffered, as history was to call him "the great and humble
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
eco
au Congressional
Suess., April 1, 1969, Senate, p. 53503. There being no objection, the joint his people, he was simply "Ike," in a
resolution was ordered tor be printed in
an
bl
t lik
.
e m
a
word, a mos
the RECORD, as follows: We marched with "the general" across
 A(fd SOARelease 2001/03/02 : QpkatfRCf ,0Q "4R0003001300,g~&
0 V iOlaiOn
Ai r Space,
U.S. ., Insists
Sy tYk1tes Press international
The bodies of two of the 31
crewrpen 'of the U.S. reconnais-
sance plane shot down by North
Korea Were recovered from the
Sea of Japan today. The White
House noted sharply that the
plane a In International air
Space At- the time of the attack.
President Nixon's Press Secrew
tary Ronald Ziegler told report-
Nixon's Problems on Plane Are Mili-
tory and Political. Page A-3
ers in the first'substantive White
House comment of the incident
that "There could have been no
mistake on the part of the North
Koreans as to the location of the.
aircraft because it had not beeni
(in) nor had intruded into Kor-
ean air space."
Asked if the White House was
saying, the Communist attacx
was unprovoked, Ziegler
replied: "Well, it was an un-
armed plane on a routine recon-
naissance mission in internation-
al air sppace."
The Pentagon said it was now
" ravely concerned" about the
chances of finding any survivors
among the 29 still missing, but
said the search was continuing.
A spokesman said the USS
Tucker, in addition to picking up ,
the two bodies, recovered life'
jackets, "numerous pieces of air-
craft wreckage" and pieces of
shrapnel-torn aircraft fuselage.
Later the Pentagon said that
"we have been advised by the
search forces that some of thel
debris is drifting from far out!
at sea toward the coast of North
Korea."
Just how close the s arch
operations might go o 1orth
Korea was unclear. Tetenter
of the search effort wa'S 's d to
be about 100 miles acay from
16rth Korean seaport of
ongjin.
Nixon Remains Silent
The Japanese Foreign Min-
istry said the bodies were found
out 75 miles southeast of
Pentagon said
Jaquiatu uorsscuruloD ?atsay I
AID `;uauido ana D c
un
-snoq 3o ?Je;aiau
aeq. pus to
aua7sissu ur
'e
oi
l
i.+o 4Ae;aJOai
;ue;srsse a .Z
:aaurJei aaam ;uoox glegnzrl`
while' iiiot inefitioning the plane
directly, observed that "the
weak can be rash. The powerful
must be restrained."
Nixon's restraint was pictured
by officials as reflecting the de-
cision he made after being noti-
fied of the North Korean claim
to say nothing until all the facts
were known about the loss of the
EC121, the Associated Press re-
ported:
Nixon canvassed develop-
ments yesterday with his Na-
tional Security Council before,
late in the day, meeting for 90
minutes with Secretary of State
William P. Rogers, Secretary of
Defense Melvin It Laird, Gen.
Earle G. Wheeler, chairman of
he Joint Chiefs of Staff, and Dr.
Henry A. Kissinger, Nixon's na-
tional security adviser.
Ziegler reported that Nixon
3onferred with Kissinger until
well after midnight on the inci-
lent and that the two continued
;o meet during the day.
Nixon canceled a meeting
with his top economic advisers
that had been scheduled this
morning.
Aides said the cancellation
was not directly related to thel
plane crisis. But they also said
the President was using much
of the time that he would have
devoted to the meeting with the
so-called economic quadriad to
consult with Kissinger and other
advisers on additional informa-
tion coming in from the search
area.
In his restraint, Nixon let the
Pentagon dispense the informa-
tion about the incident. In an
announcement yesterday, the
Defense Department added terse
evidence on the fate of the elec-
tronics laden $2.7 million EC121.
"We have received a report
that the destroyer Dale has
picked up two pieces of aircraft
1454a gewith shrapnel holes in
them. -'Tile Dale also picked up a
. . . -. I r-r- ---.
flare and a. piece of a para- North Korea said the-plane
chute." was part of an American plan to
These reports also emerged trigger war in Korea. The Com-
from fragmentary P e n t a g o n munists said tension over the
briefings during the day: incident indicates fighting could
The plane apparently was break out again "at any mo-
taken by surprise. There was ment."
"no record" of any transmission There was no indication that
when it disappeared, and its last the unit credited with downing
report was aired via radio tele- the plane included the jet fight-
type 50 minutes before the end, ers which apparently attacked
There were North Korean air- the propeller-driven plane far
craft known to be "airborne" at out over the Sea of Japan.
the time, but no evidence that Five more U.S. warships left
ground forces in the Communist Asian ports today, either to join
nation were on extra alert. the search for survivors and
There was no indication the more wreckage, or to take up
North Koreans tried to force the positions called for should the
plane to land, in an attempt at crisis worsen.
piracy similar to the capture of Other U.S. and Soviet destroy-
the USS Pueblo. ers already on the scene cruised
lane was the 42-degree water looking for
yly~ha d any of the three life rafts aboard
III miSciinn fnr +hc rnnrr,t Tntil_ the plane.
I Nixon administration officials
lig ee Agranny, ax tha XaW mal
nt to env cn nnhlidly
Pentagon said no other Ameri-
can aircraft or ships were op-
erating in the area when the
DUE privately they are grate[us
for the Soviet help in the search
effort.
Officials said there may be
political overtones to the Soviet
willingness to assist. The Soviet
motivation apparently would be
Congress Is Restrained . to help erase the bad impression
Nixon's decision to air the
matter at his news conference
apparently meant that the Unit-
ed States would not accept North
Korea's demand for a meeting
tomorrow of the Korean Armi-
stice Commission at Panmun-
jom.
Congressional reaction contin-
ued to be restrained, although
there were a few more scattered
calls for retaliation, or at least
affirmative action.
North Korea, meanwhile, iden-
tified the unit which shot down
the plane as the "896th unit of
the Korean People's Army,"
saying it did so after the craft
violated North Korean air space.
The Pentagon has maintained
the plane was "far outside" any
territorial boundaries claimed
by North Korea.
approp
ate oGals
saa;urodde xa pa auTluaur ssal
A~p~o~For Release 2001/03/02: CIA-RDP71 B00364F 0 bf~11dbi '-
created in the West by the Soviet
bloc invasion of Czechoslovakia.
Another reason might be the
Soviet desire to be generally co-
operative at a time it is working
with the United States on finding
a Middle East peace settlement.
The situation is anomalous:
The Soviet Union is helping its
major adversary retrieve the re-
mains of a plane that was carry-
ing out surveillance on its North
Korean ally and possibly on the
Soviet Union I-' 'Self.
Furthermore, by recovering
certain aircraft debris, the Sovi-
et vessels on the scene may put
the Russians in the position of
helping prove the American case
that the aircraft was shot down
well beyond the territorial limes
of North Korea.
'U.S. officials privately ex-
plafned that the United States
made its appeal to the Soviet
Union for help primarily on htr
manitarian grounds.
When the crisis brokd' early
Tuesday morning, U.S. intelli-
gence Informed the State De-
partment of the presence of
Soviet ships in the area of the
suspected downing.
Armed with this information,
Secretary of State Rogers sum-
mned' Soviet Ambassador Ana-
fbTy F'. Dobrynin and instructed
the U S. Embassy in Mogcow to
calf on
ri
at
 N0. pi I F6 dlease 2001/03/02 : CM-RD
kB0364R000300130
Text of the Defense epartrrient Statement on Plane
?. special to The New York Times
WASHINGTON, April 16-
Following is a statement is-
sued today by the Defense
Department on the American
reconnaissance plane lost
yesterday off North Korea.
All times mentioned are
Eastern standard time.
On Monday, April 14, at
a'pprn'mately 5 P.M., a four-
engine propeller-driven Navy
EC-121 aircraft took off from
its base at Atsugi, Japan, for
a reconnaissance mission in
the Sea of Japan. The aircraft
had 30 Navy personnel and
one Marine enlisted man
aboard. It was unarmed and
its mission was a routine re-
connaissance track over in-
terrfational waters.
During the first three
months of 1969 there were
190 flights similar in nature
flown in this general area.
Standing instructions for this
kind of mission were that the
air-craft was not to approach
closer than 40 nautical miles
to the coast of North Korea.
In this particular instance the
aircraft, commander was un-
der orders from CINCPACFLT
(Commander in Chief, Pacific
Fleet] to approach no closer
than 50 nautical miles to the
coast of North Korea.
Communication With Base
During its mission there
were communications be-
tween the aircraft and its
base. From a variety of sourc-
es, some of them sensitive,
we were able to ? confirm that
at all times during its mission
4
the aircraft was far outside
any claimed territorial air
space of North Korea.
All evidence now available
to us, including North Korean
claims and debris sighting,
leads us to believe that the
aircraft was shot down by
North Korean aircraft. As'of
this hour regretfully there
has been no report of sur-
vivors.
Shortly after the Depart-
ment of Defense received its
first report that this recon-
naissance aircraft may have
been downed over the Sea of
Japan by North Korean air-
craft, a United States Air
Force C-130 search and res-
cue aircraft departed Tachi-
kawa Air Force Base, Japan.
At 1:41 A.M. a flight of
United States Air Force F-106
aircraft departed Osan Air
Force Base, Korea, for the
area of the incident to per-
form the mission of combat
air support for the search
and rescue aircraft. A United
States Air Force KC-135 tank-
er aircraft from Kadena Air
Force Base, Okinawa, was
also launched to provide air
refueling support for the F-106
aircraft.
Other Planes Sent Out
The HC-130 search and
rescue aircraft was relieved
by a U.S. Navy P-3 from
Iwakuni Marine Corps Air
Station, Japan, and another
HC-130 from Tachikawa Air
Force Base, which departed
about 7:30 A.M. The rescue
aircraft ran search patterns
I f
.4- MIL/TAR/ZED
ZoNB
The New York Times April 17, 1969
Cross marks the area where
plane wreckage was found.
in the area and dropped
flares during the night. Crew
members reported dim lights
but there was no.confirma-
tion of any survivors. The
aircraft were searching in an
area approximately 90 to 100
nautical miles southeast of
Chongjin, North Korea.
Other aircraft, including
HC-97's, C-130's and HU-16's,
H-83 helicopters, another P-3
and additional HC-130's from
Tachikawa Air Force Base,
Japan; Anderson Air Base,
Guam; Clark Air Force $ase,
the Philippines; Naha Air
Base, Okinawa, and Iwakuni
Marine Corps Station in Japan
joined the search.
The U.S. Navy also dis- '
patched the U.S.S. Dale and
the U.S.S. Henry W. Tucker
at 8:30 P.M. Tuesday from
Sasebo Naval Air Base, Japan,
to assist in the search and res-
cue mission. They are In the
search area now.
Soviet Aid Obtained
At noon on Tuesday Sec-
retary of State Rogers talked
with Ambassador Dobrynin
of the Soviet 'Union and re-
quested his Government's as-
sistance in search and rescue
efforts. Subsequently on Tues-
day it was reported from the
search area that two-Soviet
destroyer-type ships were op-
erating in the immediate vi-
cinity ? of the search area
where a U.S. P-3 patrol air-
craft had sighted debris in
the water. U.S. aircraft as-
sisted! in -directing the Soviet
ship to the scene and in the
recovery of some debris.
Reconnaissance missions of
this type have been flown
for more than 20 years in the
Sea of Japan. There was
nothing unusual about the
mission. In recent years these
;`missions have been approved
by high Government authori-
ties in the State and-'Defense
Departments, the Joint Chiefs
of Staff and the White House.
Each of these missions con-
stitutes a lawful use of inter-
national air'space.
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 April 17, ARProve ~19 OQ et( CEi#eBDB71$ Oi3 o00300130003999
COMMANDER IN CHIEF COMMANDER IN CHIEF, U.S. PACIFIC FLEET
U.S. PACIFIC FLEET The Commander in Chief, United States
The Commander in Chief, United States Pacific Fleet, takes pleasure in commending
Pacific Fleet, takes pleasure in commending Mr. Alfred Y. K. Wong, Superintendent II
Mr. William D. Bennett, Group Superintend- Sheetmetal Worker, Pearl Harbor Naval Ship-
ent Structural, Pearl Harbor Naval Ship- yard, for service as set forth In the following
yard, for service as set forth in the following citation:
meritorious service as Compartment
: "For citation
rEnter-
"For meritorious service performed as over- Completion
from 18 Ja uiary to 4 March 19 9 follow-
l Production roc Department Coordinator for e prise
al;,
rip out, , reconstruction and check eck out out of f the ing a serious fire which occurred abroad En-
damaged portions of the ship and ship's sys- terprise on 14 January 1969. This was a most
tems of U.S.S. Enterprise (CVA(N)65) fol- difficult task involving many heavily dam-
lowing a serious fire aboard the ship on aged ship's compart s and associated sys-
14 January 1969. In a matter of hours and tems. Tracing o he affected systems, re-
with great enthusiasm Mr. Bennett organized storing strut e, habitability and system in-
a construction crew for the required repairs. tegrity wa a major task. Mr. Wong's out-
He was eminently qualified having knowledge =d ing nthusiasm, drive, constant atten-
of ship's structure, welding and outfitting, tg.?detail, leadership and personal zeal
which was derived from many years of derv- served' as outstanding examples to all traded
lee at the earl Harbor Naval long hours and tireless devotion hto duty ex- all the industrial areas owajexemplaryi Mr.
hibited by Mr. Bennett were a magnificent Wong established a detailed scheduling of
example to others associated with the project compartment repairs which served as a con-
in the Shipyard. His relationship with the stant goal to all concerned to produce a
officers and men of Enterprise was superb, finished product in the shortest possible time
There was total and complete harmony be- -despite complie'a,tions by factors such as ma-
tween the operating forces and shore es- terial problems, plan inconsistencies and ab-
tablishment through the entire spectrum of normal erection sequences. A All obstacles were
technical tInitiative and
industrial effort from fire watches to com overcome by Mr. Wong's spit,
his
partment close out, from rigging service t
temporary power and from paint out to sy - ability to improvise where more formal means
tem tests. Mr. Bennett's minute attention o of mion were lacking. Through his man-
detail in the planning of repairs was so co ge ementent a joint effort exerted b bts he shipi eor-
plete that no work stoppages or bottlene ks p and
were encountered in spite of requiremen to rect deficiencies was most efficiently executed,
material and plan shorts s. and was indicative of the outstanding re`lla-
Fleet was due largely to Mr. Bennett's ability Wong
Enterolrise toe the riumuly
skill, effort and personal drive. Mr. Benne operating forces, adding Thus, youngsters are kept morally and
tt p
contributed to the vitality and spirit of the st ure to himself, the Pearl Harbor Naval physically cally fit.
encourage additional thou-
Paciic Fleet and the Navy Department." Shipy`ard,And, the Navy Department.'
JOHN J. HYLAND, - In 1968, to JOHN J. HYLAND, -.1-i-7 n .c Nalco. sands of Philadelphia children to these
d
COMMANDER IN CHIEF, U.S. PACIFIC FLEET
The Commander in Chief, United States
Pacific Fleet, takes pleasure in commending
Mr. Joseph A. Schena, Chief Planner and Esti-
mator Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard, for serv-
ice as set forth in the following citation:
"For meritorius service as Chief Planner
and Estimator in connection with the U.S.S.
Enterprise (CVA(N) 65) fire damage repairs.
In this capacity Mr. Schena demonstrated
outstanding leadership, having organized
and personally managed a team to accom-
plish the task. He quickly developed initial
estimates for repairs; expeditiously ordered
all material required; and on a daily basis,
monitored the status of material, and when
required ordered substitute material. When
substitute material was not available, he di-
rected local shipyard manufacture in order to
maintain the fast tempo of repair progress.
Mr. Schena kept the supply expeditors in-
formed as to which material was required Im-
mediately for support of the waterfront ef-
fort; insured that planners and estimators
maintained daily contact with the Production
Department shops and key ship's personnel.
He insured that the planners and estimators
kept the shops informed of the availability
and status of material; thus, when shop per-
sonnel identified hard spots in material, the
planners and estimators took immediate ac-
tion to solve the problems. Under his guid-
ance and coordination, Mr. Schena and his
team worked approximately seven days a
week an average of 12 hours per day, insur-
ing correction of every item of damage repair
work with a minimum of job order paper-
work. Mr. Schena's dedication to duty, skill,
and personal drive made a significant con-
tribution to returning Enterprise to the Pa-
cific Fleet and is a credit to himself, the
Pacific Fleet and the Navy Department."
JOHN J. HYtAND,
Admiral, U.S. Navy.
PHILADELPHIA'S POLICE ATHLE
LEAGUE PLEDGE
HON. JOSHUA EILBERG
to keep boys from 9 to 18 busy learning
the rudiments of boxing, bowling, base-
ball, basketball, football, track and field,
table tennis, chess, and checkers, hobby
clubs, camera clubs, talent contests, and
a junior cadet drum and bugle corps
rounds out the activities for boys.
There are 25,000 youngsters enrolled
in PAL, and in recent years, PAL opened
its doors to girls. Now 2,000 girls are
learning such homemaking skills as cook
and sewing, arts and crafts, and ballet
and social dancing. A dedicated staff of
25 full-time police officers, carefully se-
lected and specially trained for their
assignments-serve as PAL supervisors.
Many other policemen-and police-
women-volunteer their time as coaches
and assistants.
Police Commissioner Frank L. Rizzo
serves as PAL president and many promi-
nent civic leaders serve on its board of
directors. Since 1962, PAL's day-to-day
activities have been directed by Sgt.
Vincent E. Furlong, himself a PAL
"graduate."
For the youngsters, for their parents,
and for the community at large, PAL has
been a force for good, promoting a closer
relationship between the policeman and
the youngster and instilling in the
youngsters a desire for good citizenship,
sportsmanship, loyalty to American tra-
son
high ideals, PAL asked junior an
high school students in its public and
diocesan schools to sign scrolls contain-
ing the PAL pledge, in which they prom-
ised to uphold the precepts of good citi-
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ton, D. and in formal ceremonies, pre-
'd nt L ndon B Johnson
x e Y
P
Thursday, April 17, 1969
Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, on Friday,
April 18, 1969, 175 Philadelphia young-
sters will visit with President Richard
M. Nixon in the Rose Garden of the
White House.
They will present to the President
scrolls with the signatures of 250,000
other Philadelphia youngsters all en-
dorsing the Police Athletic League
pledge.
In major American cities like my own
city, Philadelphia, we adults, too, fre-
quently despair at the interests and prog-
ress of our youth.
But in the industry and purposes of
PAL we have found that despair is self-
res
sented t
in March, in the Rose Garden of tile
White Ho us . Much impressed, the Presi-
dent comm nded the Police Athletic
League and s id such a program in these
turbulent ti s was a hopeful sign for
the Nation's uture.
In recent w ks, junior and senior high
school students were again asked to af-
firm their bel of in these ideals, and this
time, were j fined by elementary school
students in e fifth, sixth, seventh, and
eighth gra es. These scrolls contain
250,000 sig atures of boys and girls of
Philadelp a dedicating themselves to
PAL's pr cepts and are addressed to
Presider Nixon.
PAL' effectiveness can be summed up
indulgent; that there is cause for hope if by Pole Commissioner Rizzo when he
t our proper says at in his wide experience, boys
e
t
p
o acc
we adults are willing
responsibilities and show the way. - and irls who take part in PAL rarely
Formally chartered in March 1949, ge/into difficulties with the law and in-
the Police Athletic League of Philadel- variably go on to become productive
phia is a highly regarded cooperative -'citizens.
venture between a group of dedicatjrct - PAL's credo: "It's Far Better To Build
citizens and the police department. Boys Than To Mend Men."
Through the years, PAL ha$ grown, and Pledge: "I pledge to learn and practice
at the end of 1968, there were 22 PAL the rules of fair play, to respect the
centers in operation, most of them in rights of others, to obey the laws of our
reconverted police stations, fire stations, city, State and Nation, to be a credit to
and church basements. my family, friends, and myself, to be a
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 LP
3 proved For / ~9 RD nB0036f45000 001300 917 1969
leader for the good things of life and
thereby prepare myself for the 4Sk of
responsible adulthood. All this I 1pledge,
for I am a PAL."
?i v
THE EC-121-WHAT CAN *,E
EXPECT?
HON. JOHN R. RARICK
OF LOUISIANA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRPSENTATIVES
Thursday, April 17, 1969
Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, during
these tense moments following the clown-
ing of the EC-121, a U.S. reconnaissance
aircraft by North Korea in the Sea of
Japan, the world awaits the reaction of
the President of the United States just
as we waited after the capture of the
U.S.S. Pueblo by the same "fourth rate
power" in 1968.
This time we hope that the President
will act decisively in retaliation f E--this
;dastardly and cowardly act of war
against an unarmed airplane.
Had the United States followed former
President Theodore Roo. evelt's ) hilos-
!ophy of "speak softly And carry, a big
stick" this latest act of aggression; Would
not have occurred and 31 missing 4meri-
can boys would be safe.
In reflecting the possible reaction of our
Bader, we have only to look at statements
made by President Nixon, then civilian
citizen, regarding the U.S.S. Pueblo
seizure.
Mr. Speaker, I include these statements
taken from Washington and New York
newspapers following my remarks:
[From the New York Times, Jan. 28, 1968]
NIXON IS CRITICAL OF SHIP SEIZURE
(By Murray Schumach)
Former Vice President Richard M. Nixon
yesterday termed the Pueblo incident an
"'incredible blunder" by the Johnson Admin-
istration, but said it should not be a subject
for political partisanship.
The comment was made at the Waldorf- canaaaacy for the GOP presidential nomina-
Astoria shortly before a rousing meeting for tion shortly, issued the statement from his
tepublican unit
y arranged at the 47th an- New York law office.
hua1 luncheon of the Women. National Re-
publican
Club. Some 1,800 persons were at
the luncheon [From the New York Times, Feb. 6, 1968]
.
[From the Washington (D.C.) Star, Jan. 28,
1968]
REDS TESTING CfLOBAL POWER OF UNITED
STATES, NIXON SAYS
NEW YORK.-Richard M. Nixon, a likely
prospect for the Republican presidential
nomination, war:zed yesterday that the
Pueblo incident was part of a worldwide
Communist test ofthe "creditibility and util-
ity" of U.S. global power.
"The Communist world has been jointly
testing the proposition that the United States
is over-extended, over-committed, and un-
derprepared to act," the former vice presi-
dent said in a statement.
"Whether these Communist powers have
been acting in concert, or whether they have
acted Independently, the effect has been
jointly to take the measure of the United
States," Nixon said. "What is being tested is
not the quantity of America's power-but its
credibility and its utility."
Nixon charged tr,egovernment with a "tac-
tical blunder" in failing to provide air and
sea cover for the reconnaissance ship U.S.S.
Pueblo on its patrol "within ..sight of the
North Korean shore."
"But the longer-range need is to re-estab-
lish the credibility of American policy by re-
establishing the credibility of American
power," he said.
"The Pueblo seizure has further under-
mined that credibility. What we have to en-
sure` is that it has not been irrevocably un-
dermined," he said.
Nixon said Americans should recognize that
an incident like the Pueblo should never have
happened and must notbe allowed to hap-
pen again.
"We need make no apology for the Pueblo's
presence in the waters off North Korea," he
said. "The repeated belligerent acts and true
violations by North Korea presented a clear
and present threat to the peace.
"But it seems all but incredible that we
should have been guilty of such a tactical
blunder: that an almost unarmed, low-speed
craft, crammed with supersecret equipment,
should have been sent alone on regular re-
connaissance patrol within sight of the North
Korean shore without taking the elementary
precaution of having adequate air and sea
cover available-even after repeated harass-
ments and specific warnings by the North
Koreans had made its danger clear."
NIXON CRITICIZES CURB ON BOMBINGS, SAYS
U
IT
S
N
ED
TATES MUST PROSECUTE WAR MORE
The vessel was seized on Tuesday Ciff the EFFECTIVELY
Boast of North Korea- by patrol boats ~f the
North Korean Navy. GREEN BAY, WIS., February 5.-Richard M.
Mr. Nixon, in a prepared statement, a~s well Nixon, acclerating :his attack on President
Johnson's handling of the Vietnam war, said
as at a news conference before the In heon today that the Administration had been
started, said that the Pueblo "had a ri lit to wrong to suspend the bombing of Hanoi and
be there to protect our own interests Haiphong before he recent Communist
"The incredible blunder," he said, "w 64not offensive.
that our ship was there. The blunder w s our He went on to suggest that the fact that
failure to have some protection for our ship the bombing pause had been followed almost
"after repeated harassment and specific arn- immediately by a Renewed Communist of-
danger clear."North Koreans bad mace' its fensive merely demonstrated the folly of at-
t
ti
emp
ng to win over the Communists
The vessel he said, which was "alma un- through peace overtures. Referring to the
aimed" and not capable of much peed, recent Vietcong attacks in Saigon, he de-
should have had support from warship and Glared:
air cover on its "regular reconnaisance patrol "I believe that these latest actions, the
Within sight of the North Korean sh
most aggressive of the war, coming on top
The first step now should be to obtain of the recent peace offensive-cutting back
the release of the crew, he declared. In this, on the bombing, and softening the San
he said, the United States' policy should be Antonio formula [for ending the war]-
"firm diplomacy," but not "rash action. The points clearly to the fact that the North
seizure of the Pueblo, he said, had impiafred Vietnamese and the Vietcong are not going
the credibility of the United States' foeign to change their attitude by virtue of the
policy, which had "already been imps rid." U.S. protesting for peace."
Mr. Nixon went on to say that "the only
effective way to convince Hanoi that "peace
is in their interests" is to "prosecute the war
more effectively."
The former Vice President has often said
that he shared the Administration's com-
mitment to the war in Vietnam but disagreed
with its methods of prosecuting the war. His
comments today represented the sharpest
and most specific presentation of that gen-
eral thesis.
Mr. Nixon also said the Vietcong attacks
had exposed what he suggested was the
fraudulence of the Administration's own
public statements on the war. The Admin-
istration, he charged, has too often told the
country that the "war is going better" and
that "peace is around the corner."
Mr. Johnson would be "much better ad-
vised to tell the truth," the former Vice
President added.
SUGGESTS PUEBLO APOLOGY
Asked about the Pueblo Incident, Mr.
Nixon suggested that the United States
might "apologize" to the North Vietnamese
If it would help secure the safe return of
the 83 crewmen on the captured ship.
In the 1960 campaign, Mr. Nixon berated
his oppoent, John F. Kennedy, for suggest-
ing that United States apologize to the
Soviet Union when an American U-2 recon-
naissance plane was shot down in the Soviet
Union.
Mr. Nixon said that if the Pueblo had
strayed within the 12-mile limit off the
North Korean coast, "without permission
and without notice," it was "a direct viola-
tion."
"I'm not suggesting under any circum-
stances," he went on, "that there should be
an apology unless it Is clear that that was
done. Under those circumstances, I think we
could consider it."
[From the New York Times, Oct. 25, 1968]
He (Mr. Nixon) termed the capture and
detention of the American intelligence ship
Pueblo by North Korea "an incredible hu-
miliation of the United States."
LAWS RELATIVE TO THE PRINTING OF
DOCUMENTS
Either House may order the printing of a
document not already provided for by law,
but only when the same shall be accompa-
nied by an estimate from the Public Printer
as to the probable cost thereof. Any execu-
tive department, bureau, board or independ-
ent office of the Government submitting re-
ports or documents in response to inquiries
from Congress shall submit therewith an
estimate of the probable cost of printing the
usual number. Nothing in this section re-
lating to estimates shall apply to reports or
documents not exceeding 50 pages (U.S.
Code, title 44, sec. 140, p. 1938).
Resolutions for printing extra copies, when
presented to either House, shall be referred
immediately to the Committee on House
Administration of the House of Representa-
tives or the Committee on Rules and Admin-
istration of the Senate, who, in making their
report, shall give the probable cost of the
proposed printing upon the estimate of the
Public Printer, and no extra copies shall be
printed before such committee has reported
(U.S. Code, title 44, sec. 133, p. 1937).
PRINTING OF CONGRESSIONAL RECORD
EXTRACTS
It shall be lawful for the Public Printer
to print and deliver upon the order of any
Senator, Representative, or Delegate, extracts
from the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, the person
ordering the same paying the cost thereof
(U.S. Code, title 44, sec. 185, p. 1942).
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71B00364R000300130002-9
 1l 171 rovec~6g g* A0Ait&g$;~Aei fbBOO36r4R00030013000LJ81
tional literature. It is a language with 127
specialist dictionaries, over 100 periodicals,
and on the order of 10,000 books. It is a lan-
guage which sustains regular daily and
weekly radio broadcasts In various places in
the world. It is a language that is used by
hundreds of business concerns in daily af-
fairs. It is the one language by use of which
people, numbering usually around 2000, from
upwards of forty countries, meet in confer-
ence every year without the need of inter-
preters. (There are also numerous smaller
conferences.) Esperanto has the potential for
enhancing one's enjoyment of his vacation
trip abroad, if he is at all interested in meet-
ing people in the places that he visits,
whether the natives, or other tourists from
far and wide. (To this end it is only neces-
sary to contact an Esperanto organization to
learn about scheduled events and tours.) In-
deed Esperanto is the one language by use of
which people from all over the world may dis-
cuss matters of mutual interest on an equal
footing and with a minimum of misunder-
standing.
ELEMENT OF REALISM
The factors which make Esperanto ap-
plicable now to the purposes of education
are that it is ideal as the introductory "for-
eign" language, and that in step with its
appropriation in that role it can add a new
element of realism to such classes as geog-
raphy and social studies-by correspondence
with children of similar age from the areas
under study. Beyond these areas of obvious
applicability, Esperanto simplifies the study
of grammar, including that of English, and
it is an excellent exercise in logic. Results
reflecting these facts are documented in re-
ports from San Mateo, California, published
in articles in Read Magazine (March 15, 1967
and the California Teachers Journal (May
1968). (This CTA article, incidentally was
presented to the Congress of the United
States by Rep. Rhodes of Pa., and read in its
entirety into the Congressional Record (Sept.
17), the second presentation of such an
article to the Congress in as many months.)
The governments of Poland and New Zealand,
moreover, have acted in recent months to
"encourage" their schools to teach Esperanto.
Governments hesitate to take the neces-
sary action to bridge the language barrier,
and they continue to fumble because of it,
in their busy-ness with cold wars, hot wars,
and other petty fueds, even as the ticking
away continues on any number of time-
bombs which Esperanto might very well help
to de-fuse. On the other hand, the peoples
of the world, in this age of anxiety, are found
to be quite warm to the idea of a universal
second language, as proven by over 80% en-
dorsement in polls taken in various
countries, including the U.S.
Never mind, then, the cynical cant about
.. panacea ..." that is so often heard in
response to proposals that are broad in the
scope of their effects and side effects, but let
the judgment of reason prevail. For this, in
truth, is one kind of idea that is sought in
answer to existing problems, in education
and out. Then it is incumbent on those who
are conscientious to apply this marvelous
language wherever they may find it currently
useful, thus at the same time to hasten its
growth toward fulfillment of the role that
would end this serious void in the channels
of international co unication.
naissance aircraft demonstrates dra-
matically the deteriorating situation in
Korea.
In addition to the seizure of the Pueblo
and the loss of the reconnaissance air-
craft, we find an increase in the effort
to infiltrate guerrilla forces into South
Korea by North Korea. The following
item which appeared in the February 14
edition of the Wall Street Journal by
William D. Hartley points out a lesser-
known effort by North Korea to carry
their aggression into South Korea.
Because it shows another dimension
of North Korean aggression, I think
other Members would find it of interest.
The article follows:
KIM'S AGENTS: NORTH KOREA DISPATCHES
ELITE RED GUERRILLAS To SUBVERT THE
SOUTH-SEOUL SAYS INFILTRATORS FAIL To
SPARK VIETCONG-STYLE REVOLTS-MANY
CAPTURED-FLOATING IN ON WATERWINGS
(By William D. Hartley)
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA.-During the final two
nights of last October and the first two of
November, four 30-man guerrilla teams led by
North Korean Lt. Chong Dong-choon slipped
ashore on South Korea's rugged and bleak
eastern coast. They quickly faded into the
mountains.
The North Koreans came well-prepared. Lt.
Chong, a slight but muscular 25-year-old,
had undergone months of rigorous mountain
and field training, plus hours of classroom
work in tactics and political ideology. He
wore a fake South Korean army sergeant's
uniform and carried a veritable arsenal-a
Soviet-made submachine gun, three pistols,
hand grenades and an antitank grenade.
Lt. Chong, now prisoner, recalls that one
of the first South Koreans he encountered
was an eight-year-old boy, He asked the boy
which men in his village were landowners
and capitalists who oppressed the people. "If
they had any, we were going to kill them,"
he says expressionlessly.
Lt. Chong, a trained infiltrator, is an in-
strument of a new kind of warfare designed
to raise havoc on the troubled Korean penin-
sula, 16 years after the armistice that ended
the Korean war. His personal effectiveness is
ended, to be sure, now that he is a captive
of the Republic of Korea (ROK). But the
government here says North Korea's 124th
army unit, an elite outfit, has 6,000 such in-
filtrators trained for action.
CAMPAIGN OF STEALTH
A Korean government official says the num-
ber of known infiltrators into and across the
DMZ, plus those entering along South
Korea's 1,550-mile coastline, rose to 1,274 last
year from 841 in 1967.
Until last year, the North Koreans had
seemed satisfied with land infiltration routes
across the DMZ, usually sending small groups
of men. But capture of the U.S. intelligence
ship Pueblo and the abortive attempt to as-
sassinate President Park; both at the begin-
ning of 1968, prompted sweeping improve-
ments of South Korean defenses along the
DMZ, according to American observers. In-
filtration was hampered.
Though one U.S. military commander on
the DMZ says he expected "more probing"
there, the Communists recently have fo-
cused on coastal entry points. Lt. Chong's rel-
atively large groups of 30 men each came in
fast boats disguised as fishing boats, landing
at Ul-jin on South Korea's east coast.
Analysts here point out that cold and
snow, now hampering movement through the
countryside, will be diminishing in the
months to come. They expect the North Kor-
eans then to resume the two-pronged ap-
proach, making probes across the DMZ in ad-
dition to strikes at the coastline.
EFFORT FOR SOUTH KOREA
The North Korean guerrilla offensive is
forcing Seoul into expensive precautions. The
government has created a civilian home
guard force, budgeted this year at $51 mil-
lion. Tracking down guerrillas is difficult. It
took tens of thousands of troops more than a
month in the mountains to capture or kill
117 of the 120 North Korean agents involved
in the Ul-jin landings (the remaining three
are presumed dead).
The U.S., committed to South Korea's de-
fense, also is increasing its spending. U.S.
helicopters have been delivered to help
South Korean soldiers flush out Communist
infiltrators. American troops here number
55,000.
Kim, say observers, is reaping good returns
from a relatively small investment of men.
Some say that President Park might be
prompted to recall for home defense the
55,000 South Korean troops serving in Viet-
nam. "If I were in Pyongyang (the North
Korean capital)," says one American here,
"I would hope the ROK government would
overreact to my raids and clamp down with
some repressive measures to meet the threat.
This would cause some unrest."
Some see this happening already. There
are plans to create a "strategic hamlet" pro-
gram in parts of South Korea. The intent,
says a senior Korean official, is to move citi-
zens from some remote villages into more
secure locations, whether they want to go or
not.
Officials here speculate that Kim might
shift his emphasis from raids on villages and
troops in the DMZ to strikes on industry.
"There has been a question in the minds of
many people here why Kim hasn't hit indus-
try yet," says one economist. "It would seem
this would be better suited to his desires
than these terror tactics."
South Korea's economy leans heavily on
foreign investment. Foreign capital invest-
ment has totaled $450 million in the last six
years. There are fears that terrorist raids
might stem the investment flow. "We know
that the units who do the landings hold
training exercises against factories," says an
American military source.
But South Korea spokesmen discount the
danger. The factories, they point out, are in
heavily guarded population centers. Still,
even attempted sabotage might discourage
potential investors. One American close to
the Seoul business community says the at-
tempt on President Park's life last year
caused some companies to reconsider invest-
ment plans.
U.S. Army Gen. Charles H. Bonesteel, com-
mander of American and United Nations
forces here, calls the infiltration struggle "the
porous war." The combat differs from that
of the Korean war, but the objective of
Kim II-sung, premier of North Korea, is con-
sidered to be the same-unification of the
peninsula on his terms. He seems unwilling
now to launch another all-out attack across
the demilitarized zone. But American and
Korean analysts here say he is stepping up
a campaign of infiltration by hundreds of
agents.
South Korean spokesmen say Kim is frus-
trated by the progress of his southern an-
tagonists toward building a sound economy
and capturing the loyalty of the people. In-
filtration is said to be his new stratagem for
shaking the stability of the south.
South Korea is trying to cope with the
threat. It propagandizes its citizens heavily.
All around Seoul, grisly posters depict atroci-
ties allegedly committed last fall by Commu-
nist agents. At checkpoints along roads lead-
ing into Seoul from the north, police and
army men inspect papers and search vehi-
cles for infiltrators. Signs calling for infor-
mation on northern agents are everywhere.
A few days ago, a citizens' group suggested
that even children's comic books should
stress the importance of turning in Commu-
nist agents.
NORTH KOREAN AGGRESSION
HON. JOHN 0. MARSH, JR.
OF VIRGINIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, April 17, 1969
Mr. MARSH. Mr. Speaker, the tragic
and unwarranted attack on our recon-
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 E30
9T
In Pyongyang's version of the stork, there
are no northern infiltrators; the unre t origi-
nates with dissatisfied southerners. "Today
,the broad sections of the South Kore~ra peo-
iple are waging a victorious struggle in all
fields," Kim has said. "I send warm I' volu-
tionary greetings to the revolutionariES and
democratic personages, to all Patric is in
South Korea who are putting up a valorous
(fight in various parts of South Korea, under-
ground, In mountains or even in the p tions."
The flowery rhetoric from North' Korea
shows Kim's hope of fomenting a Vietcong-
style insurrection in the south, South Korean
officials say. North Koreans captured in the
,Ul-jin landing say their mission was! to or-
Iganize villages into "revolutionary bases,"
propagandizing the people and turning them
into collaborators. Other captured i}Ifiltra-
Itors have said they intended to set up guer-
rilla bases for an eventual revolution against
vvlr. Park's government.
CONFIDENT SEOUL
There is little evidence that such as, up-
tising will materialize. "The atmosphere just
Isn't conducive to a Vietcong moveirrent,"
Says one diplomat. "People remember th, war
vividly. You can't talk with anyone hep who
didn't have some member of his family'cflled
In the war."
ROK officials say that 90, ' ,, of the agents
gilled or captured last year were spotte(, and
reported. by sharp-eyed civilians. Stori.s of
uch captures abound. A railroad clerk :den-
ified one agent when the reran askae,l for
is chopsticks in an unfamiliar V mwxner.
nier
However, patriotism is bolstered by a reward
X3,600--about 25 times the per caples 1 in-
ure last year-for each infiltrator turru d in
intelligence studies of South Korea and radio
communications.
After dlnne};, there was more mountain
climbing and trai:ing in night infiltration
tactics. "Then we would run 10 kilometers
(6.2 miles) with the sandbags," Lt. Chong
says. Sunday was a day of rest, "We used to
sleep all day." Men of the 124th get rations
double those of the regular army, plus good
quarters.
So intense is the training, say U.S. ob-
servers, that the guerrillas tend to become
fanatical. Each carries a hand grenade that
explodes the second the handle is released
(standard grenade, have a delay of several
seconds). This device often is used for sui-
cide to prevent capture.
Infiltrators use some unusual tactics to
get across the DMii. Some have strapped on
waterwings and floated with the incoming
tide up the Imjin Liver that crosses the DMZ
from the north. Northern agents used to
burrow underneath the fence that marks the
southern boundary of the DMZ, until the
Americans planted 18-inch stakes to halt the
tunneling,
"They are trained as much as nine months
for a mission," says a young American major
stationed along the DMZ. "They spend weeks
reconnoitering routes and weeks at the fence,
looking for gaps. Probably they have escorts
who have been in and out of the zone for
years. And they'rs not foolhardy. When
they're discovered, they abort the mission
and go back across."
A CITIZEN SPEAKS OUT
HON. JOHN R. RARICK
The North Koreans apparently havi been of LOUISIANA
Indoctrinated to expect broad cooperation IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
among the South Korean citizens. "$rfore Thursday, April 17, 1969
x came," Lt. Chong says, "I heard every day
that the situation of life In the Rep Iblic Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, Mr, Mar-
Of Korea is very poor and that every f?ai'mer tin P. Broderick, Jr., of Baton Rouge,
dies of hunger." A few days before his ails- La., a small businessman, father, and
sion began, Lt. Chong heard a rousing talk taxpayer from my congressional district,
ltrom Kim Jung-tae, the three-star sei feral has sent me a copy of his letter to the
said to be the chief of guerrilla operdt oils. president of the United States,
"He said, 'When you land, every Korean vil-
lager will help your guerrilla activities and I Compliment Mr. Broderick for ex-
you can easily make them collaborator's,"' ercising his privilege of citizenship to
It. Chong recalls. express his opinion to the Chief Execu-
But the villagers resisted, and the g aer- tive and can only hope that more and
r#llas reacted violently, to the detrime:: t of more of those people of the silent ma-
t eir missionary effort. Twenty-five civilians jority will follow his lead in telling their
were killed, including a four-year-ol b0Y President what they expect from the
whose jaw was ripped off. "That is a e'l of
a' way to make friends," says one Amtr.can leader of their country.
o#cer. The letter follows:
-
r~ ?=.a? -,cr g,
sups may frill - --y -uug Ieaaersnip qualities.
bg operating. It is time for us to stop talking about giving
THE SELECT UNIT anyone rights or special privileges and to
talk about each individual earning his right
North Korea's infiltration outfit, the J.< 44h to be a citizen of this fine nation.
ulait, has grown to its present size of 16000 If we continue to let our Universities be
from 2,400 men a year ago, South K61 San taken over by mobs seeking to destroy these
oicials say. All its men are officers, in!grod institutions, without: punishing the leaders
physical shape, and all are Communist pa rty because they claim to do it in the name of
members. Lt. Chong, the son of a vtc Dd- free speech, we are not only w rker from a Manchurian border vill4E on these places of learniag but also the Republic
the Yalu river, joined the 124th in Septenv her itself. This is an attack on.the very founda-
1 7 after spending six years in the rekilar tions of our government.
army. Mr. President, the young men of America
In training, all members rise at 5 11.M, ac- are puzzled by our policies. We are in a War
-carding to Lt. Chong. "Before taking binik- that three Presidents and their Congress have
fast, we had to do cross-country running and been afraid to declare. People commit treason
mountain climbing carrying 30 kilogram (dg in the name of free speech and the Attorneys
pounds) of sandbags in a knapsack," he General of three Presidents are afraid to act.
"']When we studied the ideology of Kim Ii- Am 1
Mr. President, the young men of America
are not afraid to fight and die if they know
they will win. Not one American should die
unless it is in a quest for Victory! I urge you
to fully commit this Nation to total and
immediate Victory in Viet Nam. Mr. Presi-
dent, you only have to whip one bully and
the rest will fall into line.
I pray you will have the strength to act in
a resolute manner.
Sincerely,
(Signed) MARTIN P. BRODERICK, Jr.
AMERICAN POLICIES TOWARD EAST
CENTRAL EUROPE
HON. HENRY HELSTOSKI
OF NEW JERSEY
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, April 15, 1969
Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, today I
am joining my colleagues in discussing
American policy toward East Central Eu-
rope purred on by the recent memoran-
duf the American Hungarian Federa-
tion pointing toward the twin aims: the
promotion of Atlantic partnership lead-
ing to an independent, but politically
well-coordinated and friendly Western
Europe and the creation-of a Central Eu-
ropean buffer zone including Austria,
Yugoslavia, Hungary, and Czechoslo-
vakia, possibly also Rumania and Poland.
In this regard I came across the arti-
cle of the editorial board chairman of the
Studies on a New Central Europe pub-
lished in New York by political and eco-
nomic experts from the Central European
countries. This article goes even further
in analyzing the possibility of the estab-
lishment of a buffer zone with interna-
tional guarantees of its neutrality as a
result of negotiation with the Soviet Un-
ion and our NATO allies.
I insert the article at this point into
the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD:
TOWARD A CONSTRUCTIVE IDEOLOGY AND POLICY
IN A NEW CENTRAL EUROPE
(BY Eugene Padanyi-Gulyas)
An historic course began half a century
ago. In retrospect, it can be generally char-
aoterized as a disintegration of post-feudal
empires. First Czarism Was overthrown in
Russia, then the Hohenzollern German em-
pire collapsed and the Habsburg monarchy
fell apart. The latter was engineered by the
Western powers in accordance with the war-
time objective expressed in the political
writings of the Czech Edward Benes? Twen-
ty years later, with Germany's rise to greater
power he had to emigrate a second time.
Thirty years later, in 1948 under heavy po-
litical pressure of the Soviet Union, Benes
became helpless, embittered and died a dis-
appointed man. Czechoslovakia's case is not
extraordinary, but typical of the fate of
small states in Central Europe. The results
of political disintegration were fatal.
October 1968 was the date set to celebrate
"fifty years of independence" for Czecho-
slovakia, Greater Rumania, and Yugoslavia.
Flags, posters, books, pamphlets, commemo-
rative speeches and festivals had been
readied for the occasion. Then the inva-
sion of Czechoslovakia by Soviet and four
other Warsaw Pact Countries demonstrated
to the whole world that independence does
not and did not exist in the Central Euro-
e er can men are dying today in what Is
sung for one hour." This vVas follow
snges for one hor." tactics, to at by called a limited war that we are not allowing r Edward Bones-.
pography, the military to win. Hongrie". Paris, 1917,
proved For F? t7nB003 f RRemarks 000300130000~2-917_ 196.9
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
April .17, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE H 2759
The DEPUTY MINISTER OP BANTU ADMINIS-
TRATION AND EDUCATION. We have heard all
these ridiculous stories already.
Mrs. SUZMAN. They are not ridiculous stor-
ies. The honorbale Minister can go and have
a look for himself. It is disgraceful. I take the
removal of the 30-year leases from people
who put all their aspirations Into owning
their little houses under 30-year lease in
Johannesburg and elsewhere. They are just
destroyed like that. The honorable Minister
could not care less. I take the decisions not
to have any more high schools up to matric
In the urban areas so that the Africans who
long for higher education for their children
have to send their children out to the coun-
try schools at great expense, costing at least
R100 to R120 per year, which they can 111
afford, Or go without higher education. It
was easier for an African child living in
Durban or Johannesburg to get high school
education up to matric a generation ago than
it is today. When those children go out of
the towns, unless their parents have taken
every possible precaution to notify the super-
intendent of the township to keep their
names on the housing permit, to show that
they have been paying the school fees, they
are not allowed to come back when they
have finished school, because their regis-
tration books are issued In the country dis-
tricts and they are not allowed to come back
to the towns. The officials do not warn the
parents concerned about these difficulties.
As a final little example of "verligthed,"
or whatever one might call it, of this govern-
ment, I want to quote the speech made by
the honorable Prime Minister about no shop
apartheid. Instead of just saying that it is
ridiculous in this day and age to contem-
plate shop apartheid, he said that his audi-
ence should imagine what would happen if
a law of this nature was enforced in South
Africa. He said: "Any White who was not
able to go to a shop would not then be. able
to send his non-white servant. One can imag-
ine what chaos would ensue." I. do not need
to say anything more. That is an "enlighten-
ed sentiment." But it is not that this goes
counter to every bit of thinking of the
twentieth century.
The MINISTER OF BANTU ADMINISTRATION
AND DEVELOPMENT. Do you not send your non-
white servant to the shops?
Mrs. SUZMAN. Naturally! But I would not
have shop apartheid under any conditions.
Does the honorable Minister not understand
that?
(Business suspended at 12:45 p.m. and re-
sumed at 2:20 p.m.)
Mrs. SUZMAN. When the House adjourned,
I had completed the major part of my speech
and I hope that I have disposed of the ver-
ligteverkrampte myth fairly conclusively.
There Is only one other point I wish to make
in the few finutes at my disposal.
I want to deal with the Interesting ex-
change which took place yesterday between
the honorable Minister of Transport and the
honorable Leader of the Opposition in regard
to the rate for the job. The honorable Leader
of the Opposition talked with about a mini-
mum wage for Whites. I simply want to
point out In that regard that his is, of
course, the dilemma of the United Party.
One cannot say in one breath that one is
against job reservation and at the same time
say that one is in favor of upholding the
industrial color bar. The two things are mu-
tually contradictory, and one must make up
one's mind. One can have an open economy
with free competition and the rate for the
job, but that has nothing to do with a mini-
mum wage for Whites, because the minute
one talks about a minimum wage for Whites
one has given away the whole argument in
favor of the rate for the job. [Interjection.]
No, not if the Leader of the Opposition
makes a point of saying there must be a
minimum rate for Whites, because that
means that certain jobs by virtue of having
a certain high wage rate, are reserved for
white people. That is all it can mean: the
rate for the job is a flat rate per occupa-
tion. So one cannot talk about having a
minimum rate for Whites. One should have
a minimum rate for every job, which I be-
lieve should be high enough to cover the
poverty datum line for even the un-
skilled and menial jobs. [Int ctions.] I
was talking to the gentlema ehind me for
a minute. I would poin ut that produc-
tion would in fact I ease because when
you are dealing wi a class of people who
are underpaid an cannot feed themselves
properly, then t e chances are that when
you give them enough money with which
to feed them lees properly, their produc-
tion will in ease. That has been found
everywhere. [ nterjections.]
T. G. Huc Es. The Deputy Minister said
there shoul be a minimum wage for
Mrs. SUZMA Of course there should be.
Mr, SrEAKER. Order! The honorable mem-
ber for Transk i must play the game; he
cannot get too c ose to the honorable mem-
Mrs. SUZMAN. With respect, Sir, he will
have to play the g e much more skillfully.
The point I was t ng to make as far as
the honorable Minis r of Transport Is con-
cerned is that he In erjected at ,ne stage
and said: "What do I about the hundreds
of thousands of white orkers who do not
have an education abo Standward Six?" I
think I understood him c rectely to say that.
Everybody sympathizes wit th predicament
of the government In this Bard, and every
government has this pre di ament of how
to look after people who by t eir own short-
comings, for which they can t be blamed,
are unable to acquire higher S A's. Naturally
such people must be given s e form of
sheltered employment, or their h using must
be subsidized, but they have to 1 a cared for
Mrs. SUZMAN. No, it is not only a inimum
wage; it is more than that. They h ve to be
looked after and placed in certain ;types of
employment, but not at the expen of the
whole economy. That is the point. should
not be done at the expense of not training
the non-Whites because you want to keep
those jobs reserved for Whites wh cannot
do any better themselves. The poi is-and
I am talking now to the honorabl Minister
and not to the honorable Leader f the Op-
position-that it should not be lone at the
expense of the whole economy. ir, I do not
believe anyone in South Afric has to make
sacrifices. The apostle, as h calls himself,
the Deputy Minister of Ba u Administra-
tion, said that we should ther have a poor
South Africa but a whit South Africa. [In-
terjections.] That is ab olutely uncalled for,
because there is eno for everybody. That
is why. This count is a rich country and
not like some of t e African states. We have
vast resourcesting to be developed, and
the one thin. which is holding back our
really tremendous growth Is the fact that we
do not use our manpower resources properly.
We do not need to make any sacrifices; not
that the Deputy Minister has any intention
of making any sacrifices: I am quite sure of
that, and not that it is ever really intended
that the white people should make the sacri-
fices. The sacrifices have to be made by non-
Whites, by keeping them In unproductive
employment, or by keeping them underem-
ployed. What we should be devoting all our
energies to is developing our resources by
training our labor and allowing the full pro-
ductive use of our non-white labor to assist
white labor who have been caught-not only
the unskilled and the semi-skilled but the
skilled white labor-in a dilemma because
they have been caught between the pressure
of automation, for which they are not
trained, on the one side, and the fragmenta-
tion pressures on the other side. What we
have to do is to retrain our white labor and
give them redeployment allowances and so
on, so that we can take advantage of the
third industrial revolution, which is the
phase that South Africa should now be en-
tering upon.
(Mr:'' ODELL asked and was given
permissio to extend his remarks at this
point in t RECORD and to include ex-
traneous m tter.)
[Mr. PODELL'S remarks will appear
hereafter in the Extensions of Remarks.]
CORRECT THIS ERROR
(Mr. DADDARIO asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute, to revise and extend his remarks
and include extraneous matter.)
Mr. DADDARIO. Mr. Speaker, I was
disappointed to learn today that Dr.
Frankin Long, of Cornell University, had
been asked to withdraw his name from
nomination as Director of the National
Science Foundation. Dr. Long is highly
qualified for this post and the adminis-
tration would have been highly com-
mended for having named him.
It is my understanding that the un-
fortunate series of events of which we
have just learned began when Dr. Long
agreed to become Director upon the in-
vitation of the administration. Appar-
ently Dr. Long was subsequently asked
if he would agree to support the admin-
istration's anti-ballistic-missile system.
When he refused to do so he was advised
that he could no longer be considered.
It is unfortunate that the Nixon admin-
istration is sacrificing the National Sci-
ence Foundation on the altar of the ABM,
and, by so doing, seriously affecting its
unique capability to be of service to our
country.
Dr. Long. has a distinguished record
in academic accomplishment, university
administration, and public service. An
outstanding physical chemist in his own
right, he is presently vice president for
research and advanced studies at Cornell
University. Between 1950 and 1960, he
was chairman of the Cornell Chemistry
Department. His record of Government
service has been truly outstanding, and
includes participation in the National
Defense Research Committee during
World War II. Since the Second World
War he has made many other contribu-
tions which strengthen our national de-
fense. For instance, he has been a mem-
ber of the Air Force Scientific Advisory
Board and chairman of the chemistry
advisory committee of the Air Force Of-
fice of Scientific Research. He has been
a consultant for the Army's Ballistics
Research `Laboratory and an Assistant
Director of the U.S. Arms Control and
Disarmament Agency. As a member of
the President's Science Advisory Com-
mittee during the early 60's he made his
talents available to our Government at
the highest level in the area of science
policy. One cannot even remotely con-
sider Dr. Long to be unconcerned about
the quality and adequacy of our defense
posture in the light of such a record. .
I am amazed that Dr. Long's reserva-
tions concerning the Sentinel ABM sys-
tem, which were known to the public
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 n CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 17,
throu
h hi
t
n
g
s pas
writi
gs shout l pr K I
,e-oreas Continued evidence that North
elude his appointment as Directors of the Korea is a worsening trouble spot. It ap-
National Science Foundation. Ar Ave to pears to be a part of a plan to gradually
consider NSF a part of the Defense Es- intensify the level of military activity
tablishment? Many of Dr. Longs; col- by the North Koreans.
leagues in the scientific community, Although South Vietnam has had the
probably a large majority, share his spotlight in that part of the world, there
views regarding the proposed ABM de- is growing evidence every day that indi-
ployment, whether in the Sentinel or sates we cannot ignore a situation that
Safeguard configuration. I have my own is growing more serious in Korea.
serious doubts as to the wisdom of de- The seizure of the Pueblo and the de-
ploying the present Safeguard system. struction of the Navy EC121 aircraft are
Furthermore, this is a vital policy issue serious international incidents that re-
upon which scientists have a real duty to ceive worldwide attention. Not as well
study and comment. The technological known is that for nearly 2 years, there
questions involved in the present; ABM has 'been a determined attempt to try
debate are truly staggering, and We find and expand the war effort in South Ko-
many of the foremost experts in thje held rea by a stepped-up infiltration of South
opposing deployment b
_?,
ecause
considered judgment that "it wi 1! not purpose ofthis may be to start a guerrilla
work" in its present form. The ad finis- warfare effort similar to the type that
tration, rather than penalizing such we find now confronting us in South Viet-
forthright scientific judgments, Mould nam.
encourage their presentation for careful American forces in South Korea are
consideration by the Executive and Con- required to be in a continued state of
gress. To involve selection of the Director readiness and the efforts to infiltrate the
Of the Nation's basic research ill the southern portion of Korea are reaching
ABM question is absurd. the stage where they cannot be dismissed
Since President Nixon's inauguration as random and isolated incidents.
f have been pleased with the comletent It is becoming increasingly clear that
and businesslike job Dr. DuBridge has North Korea is developing a highly
one in his position as science adviser. trained guerrilla force and resorting to
am convinced that he is personally en- all types of clandestine efforts to infil-
deavoring to assure the appointm t of trate these guerrilla forces to harass not
science and research administ ators only American units but to intimidate
solely on the basis fo competent and South Korean citizens and conduct raids
ability. This was to a large exterrt. re- and ambushes on South Korean military
acted in the original decision to appoint forces.
r. Long as Director of the National A part of this effort may be to cause
Science Foundation. The fact that Dr. the withdrawal from South Vietnam of
Long is a Democrat emphasized the r ion- South Korean forces presently employed
artisan character of the Science Flom- there, or it may be a broader plan to try
ation and the willingness of outstanding and get a full-scale guerrilla war effort
scientists from all political persuasions underway similar ;o the type of struggle
t:l offer the administration their services that is raging throughout Southeast
I i the interest of the Nation. The m- Asia. In all events, the most recent de-
lappy events of the past few days lI east struction of our reconnaissance aircraft
s rious doubt on the ability of the ad- points out that we cannot take anything
ministration to make important deci~ions for granted, nor can we assume that
public policy for science whichi can simply because an aircraft or vessel like
attract the support of the Nation's s4fen- the Pueblo is operating well within in-
t'sts and other citizens of our country.. ternational skies or waters it is safe from
It is self evident that recruiting al Di- attack.
rector for the National Science Fou#da- It seems certain that with the attitude
tibn of the desired competence and stbil- of North Korea, we must furnish ade-
ity and who will have the confidence; of quate protection o aircraft and vessels
the scientific community, will now be ex- that are not capab;.e of defending them-
tremely difficult, if not impossible. I ope selves, whereby attacks such as this can
i
s has only been a gross misun er- be repulsed, in order to protect the lives
.. .,.v.. - - __ . _-., r... wau- ate WWII ub
does not seriously propose to make up- to insure successful accomplishment of
rtof the ABM a prerequisite for p bllc these vital intelligence missions.
s vice. The Nixon administration till
his an opportunity and a n'sponsib lity
tot rectify what I believe is a very serous
error in Executive Judgment, and I ape
it will take immediate action to cor eet
this error. e
TRAGIC DESTRUCTION OF REClAISSANCE AIRCRAFT OFF NOR
KOREA
(Mr. MARSH asked and Was given r
)N-
PH
and include extraneous matter,)
Mr. MARSH. Mr. Speaker, the recent
tragic and unwarranted destruction' of
our reconnaissance aircraft off North
,proved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
PUBLIC OPINION STRENGTHENS
CONSERVAT]ON EFFORTS
(Mr. FEIGHAN asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute, to revise and extend his remarks
and include extraneous matter.)
Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr. Speaker, our en-
vironment is deteriorating before our
eyes. We are exhausting the finite
amounts of clean air, pure water, and
available land at a wastefully astonishing
rate. We and our children will pay a
prohibitive price for this activity. Only
recently have we begun to realize the
menaces we face.
For years conservation organizations
1969
have been voices in a void, seeking to
warn us. One among them is the National
Wildlife Federation, which performs
marvelous work on behalf of all the peo-
ple in preserving our environment and
its inhabitants.
They recently retained a major polling
organization to query a cross section of
Americans on a variety of environmental
issues. Findings are revealing, indeed, as
we see a major upswing in public at-
titudes towards pollution of all kinds,
wildlife preservation, pesticides and
preservation of open green spaces.
We must become more aware of what
is facing us. We must take stronger ac-
tion against those who pollute our air
and water-against thermal, noise, and
oil pollution-against those who ruin the
land and take away from the quality of
our lives. The National Wildlife Federa-
tion has performed another public serv-
ice by having this survey made, and I
insert highlights here in the RECORD for
the enlightenment of other Members of
this body:
THE U.S. PUBLIC COItSIDERS ITS ENVIRONMENT
INTRODUCTION
Objectives of the study
The overall objective of the study was to
provide information about the public's at-
titudes toward our natural surroundings.
Specific objectives included:
1. Finding out to what extent the public
is concerned about the degradation of our
environment;
2. Investigating preferences for urban ver-
sus suburban or rural living;
3. Learning what Is considered the most
pressing problem with regard to our natural
surroundings and what the public thinks
should be done about the problems;
4. Determining whether Or not the public
favors setting aside ? more public land for
conservation purposes.
Design of the research
The objectives of the study were carried
out by means of a personal interview survey
conducted with a national sample of 1503
adults, 21 years of age and older. The inter-
viewing took place during the last ten days
in January, 1969. The following questions
were asked:
1. You may have heard or read claims that
our natural surroundings are being spoiled
by air pollution, water pollution, soil erosion,
destruction of wildlife and so forth. How con-
cerned are you about this-deeply concerned,
somewhat concerned, or not very concerned?
2. How much would you be willing to pay
each year in additional taxes earmarked to
improve our natural surroundings- a small
amount such as $10.00 or less, a moderate
amount such as $50.00, or a large amount
such as $100.00 or more?
a 3. It has been said that it will, at some
time, be necessary to limit the human popu-
lation (number of people) if our present
living standards are to be maintained. Do
you think this will be necessary or not?
4. Which of these kinds of places would
you find most pleasant as a place to live?
Respondents were shown a card which read
as follows: Mountains, Seashore, Rural area,
Small city, Suburbs, Large City, Somewhere
else?
5. In this country, which one of these do
you think is the most pressing problem con-
nected with our natural surroundings?
Respondents were shown a card which
read as follows: Air pollution. Water Pollu-
tion. Soil erosion. Wildlife preservation
(birds and animals). Preservation of open
green spaces. Pesticides (chemicals used to
kill insects).
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP
United States
of America
a:oii, rcssi*onal Record
PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 9 j St CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION
WASHINGTON, THURSDAY, APRIL 17, 1969
Senate
House of Representatives
The House met at 12 o'clock noon.
Rev. Edward G. Latch, D.D., offered
the following prayer:
I must work the works of Him that
sent Me, while it is day.-John 9:.)4.
God of . our fathers and our God,
cleanse the thoughts of our hearts by
the Inspiration of Thy Holy Spirit that
we may truly love Thee and worthily
serve Thee this day.
May our hearts be with Thee as we
seek solutions to the grave and global
problems that confront us and our
Nation.
In this dear land of our birth, help us
to close ranks in a greater unity of spirit
as principalities and powers without seek
to destroy our heritage of freedom, with
liberty and justice for all.
Make us great enough in spirit that
we may be equal to every experience,
ready for every responsibility, and ade-
quate for every activity.
In the name of the Master Workman,
we pray. Amen.
THE JOURNAL
The Journal of the proceedings of yes-
terday was read and approved.
0 E HAVE RUN OUT OF "OTHER
CHEEKS"
(Mr. SIKES asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. SIKES. Mr. Speaker, North Korea,
which was allowed to wallow in propa-
ganda and self-glorification over the
Pueblo incident, now has committed an-
other act of war against the United
States, There should be retaliation In
kind, It should be immediate, and suf-
ficiently drastic that there will be no
further problems of this nature with
North Korea. It is incomprehensible that
we not be aroused when Americans are
THURSDAY, APRIL 17, 1969
killed or tortured at will by Irresponsible
powers and U.S. planes and ships de-
stroyed or captured. We took no action
on the Pueblo except to prostrate our-
selves before the world, and this un-
doubtedly has led to the assumption that
similar acts can be committed at will. I
would hope we have not reached this
point. America must stand for some-
thing. We cannot continue to turn the
other cheek. We have run out of cheeks
to turn.
I trust that our country has reached
the end of the line in patient acceptance
of acts of warfare against us by Com-
munist nations. The Red Chinese have
charged that we do not have the courage-
to stand by our principles. Our enemies
must not be permitted to be secure in the
knowledge that hostile acts can be com-
mitted without forceful action from the
United States to protect our own inter-
ests.
I have listened as one commentator
after another has urged on the networks
that there be no retribution against
North Korea. No consideration was
shown to the fact that Americans were
shot down in cold blood, that the flag
has again been fired upon, that these are
acts of war pure and simple. To me it
is sickening that there are those who
publicly will urge this country to do
nothing to protect its own interests.
Surely they realize such a course is a
deadend street. America must stand up
for its flag, its people, its property. When
this involves a retaliatory strike against
the offenders, we must get on with it.
That is now the case. Otherwise, we shall
soon find ourselves stripped of pride at
home and leadership in world affairs.
I am introducing a resolution which
states in substance that it is the sense of
Congress that armed protection should
be provided for all manned U.S. intelli-
gence-gathering planes and ships in
danger areas. Neither the Pueblo nor the
missing aircraft were afforded this pro-
tection, nor was an effort made to send
help. Either. condition is intolerable.
Congress should express itself at least to
this degree in an effort to insure a greater
Interest in the protection of the lives of
our servicemen who are assigned on dan-
gerous missions.
LIBERALIZING THE CHILD CARE
PROVISIONS OF OUR TAX LAWS
(Mr. KOCH asked and was given per-
mission to address the house for 1 min-
ute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker, the provi-
sions of the Internal Revenue Code re-
lating to the deductability of child-care
expenses of working mothers require
drastic change.
There are many women who want to
work in order to supplement their fam-
ily's income. In a period of inflation,
many families desperately need such ad-
ditional income. Yet our tax laws pro-
vide no deduction for child-care expenses
to a family whose adjusted gross income
exceeds $6,000.
I am introducing a bill today that com-
pletely removes any family income limi-
tation. If a businessman is entitled to
deduct expenses for wining and dining a
customer, surely any -working mother
should be able to deduct the expenses
for the care of her children.
In addition, my bill would increase the
maximum deduction allowed from $600
to $800 for one child and from $900 to
$1,200 for two or more children.'This is
a reasonable increase considering that
the cost of living has risen 33 percent
since 1954 when the original dollar lim-
its were established.
I would venture to guess that any rev-
enue loss resulting from my amendments
would be offset by the revenue gain aris-
ing from additional income earned by
working mothers. But more important,
the tax amendments I propose would
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
H 2754 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE _ April 17, 1969
encourage women who want` to work. nologically unacceptable scrap and a Chang.
Why should our tax laws continue to dis- ing demand ?ay the steel industry for scrap
courage them from seeking to better have been partially solved by the private
GOVERNOR MANDEL, Off MARY-
LAND, ADDRESSES INSTTI~TUTE OF
SCRAP IRON AND STEEZ.. ON THE
GROWING PROBLEM O JUNKED
AND ABANDONED CARS I
(Mr. FRIEDEL asked and k*as given
permission to address the Huse for 1
minute, to revise and extend Its remarks
and include a speech by Governor
Mandel.)
Mr. FRIEDEL. Mr. Spe4er, I at-
tended a breakfast this mornsr4g and had
the pleasure of hearing the great Gov-
ernor of Maryland make a ve enlight-
ening speech about the problems of
junked automobiles and what adverse
effects they have on our cities and
States.
Governor Mandel's address cbirers this
subject much more thoroughly than I
could and I am sure it will b
interest to all of my rolleagu ,
as to the Governors of other S
city and local officials who
with the same problems. There
of great
s as well
,antes and
re faced
re, I ask
unanimous consent to include G at this
point in the RECORD. Governoj 'Mandel
offers some suggestions for solv
The address follows:
ms, but
ig them.
REMARKS OF GOV, MARVIN MANDEL, BFFORE
THE INSTITUTE OF SCRAP IRON ALD STEEL,
III WASHINGTON, D.C., APRs. 17, 1969
No one single problem underlies he thou-
sands of junked and abandoned s on the
streets of cities and on various plots of
ground throughout the countrysid4.
Junked cars mean acres of land ept from
more productive use. Junked cars Islean an
increasing problem in solid waste disposal.
Junked cars mean that somet ilhg has
changed in the relationship beteen de-
mand and supply for scrap. It means tech-
nological advances in the steel industry
which no longer utilize number t o scrap
bundles to the same extent as bei re.
But above all else, it means a l Pack of
research in the preparation of scrap
to meet
the new needs of the steel industry
For the
citizens of our communities-in
aiyland
and in every other State across the
stion-
junked
cars mean an inefficient us
of re-
sources
in the steel industry which
exult in
higher
priced and less consumer
riiented
products. They mean higher repair cost and
t' every
~natitu-
designed to curb the proliferation of junked
'scrap
y rais-
ling the price of junked cars and encouraging
ltheir removal to the scrap processor
(2) A $5 fine would be imposed o#t -junk
dealers who kept junked cars more than
The responsibility assumed by Sta ,gov-
ernment in Maryland then Is one of riding
velocity to the scrap cycle. For som time
But despite all these efforts-and despite
the partially successful results across the
Nation-
Cars continue to be abandoned at an in-
creasing rate;
A huge inventory of stripped cars are
awaiting processing across the country;
Shredding operations for reducing aban-
doned cars to their most technologically us-
able form are available In certain geographi-
cal areas only and at a high cost;
Air pollution problems present a consid-
erable social cost to all persons.
But these dismal facts measure only some
of the problems. They fail to reveal the fact
that no worka,)le method of supplying tech-
nologically useful scrap from the thousands
of abandoned cars across the country has
been achieved to meet the needs of thesteel
industry for scrap. It is not simply scrap
that junked cars represent, They also are a
unutilized resource until they can be ade-
quately converted into a valuable resource.
And this is especially serious because of the
great numbers of autos in Maryland and in
every State across the Nation.
By 1970 it is estimated that 86 million
cars will be in use in the United States;
By 1970 at least 10.5 million cars will be
produced in the United States;
By 1970 car scrappage is estimated at 8.5
million cars.
Clearly then, the main focus must be on
providing for the effective disposal of junked
and abandoned cars throughout the coun-
try. This task has not yet begun nation-
wide.
But Maryland has begun this task. And,
of course, it costs money. It costs the citizens
of Maryland. But action is required to al-
leviate the problem of junked cars. The pri-
vate sector is unable to take on the burden.
Once a car is abandoned, finding the owner
is difficult and not always possible. But even
if the owner is found, how does a person dis-
pose of a car?
The maximum cost of the program might
be figured by multiplying the number of
junked and abandoned cars in Maryland
(approximately 160,000) by $10.
If all these cars were scrapped the total
cost would be $1,600,000. If cars are scrapped
at the estimated rate of 23,000 per year from
now on the program would cost about $230,-
000 a year. .
Maryland intends to raise the money by
imposing a $1 "burial tax" on title registra-
tions. The burden on the car buyer is pres-
ently $1 in Maryland. Each year 600,000 cars
are titled in the State. By 1970 when the
bounty becomes effective, Maryland will al-
ready have been collecting the burial tax for
a year. No problems are seen in paying for
the program under this time schedule.
The Maryland program is not a panacea,
but these efforts demonstrate that the prob-
lem of junked and abandoned cars can be
attacked through the cooperation of Federal,
State and local governments and the efforts
of the private sector.
But new efforts are also needed-efforts to-
wards the solutio:a of the problems of air
pollution from burning junked cars before
scrapping them, of decreasing the high cost
and time consuming efforts of stripping a car
before scrapping, of reviewing current laws
and titling requirements to aid vehicle col-
lection and disposal,
We must somehow match the oversupply of
scrap from all these junked cars with the
needs of the steel industry. The role of the
private sector in this area is either to lead
or to complement the efforts of government.
But there must be new Industry concern.
There must be more research initiated
through which the need of industries which
are potential utilizers of scrap products
communicate with suppliers of scrap.
It is essential for the success of the re-
search program that industry demands be
coupled with available supply.
Private corporations are, of course, re-
sponsible to their stockholders. Large-scale
investment in research towards utilizing an
inefficient resource will be costly and diffi-
cult. If the private sector Is to play its full
part in relation to the problem of junked
cars therefore, it must have the support of
Government to help make up for the in-
creased costs.
And most important there must be full
participation of both Government and the
private sector in the development and im-
plementation of any program. Government
policies should be shaped by the active par-
ticipation of the private sector. What gov-
ernment seeks Is not. just greater programs,
but greater participation-through the util-
t,aation of the talent and experience of the
private sector which can best determine how
to use its own resources.
This is the approach we have aimed for
in trying to solve the junked car problem
In Maryland.
FREEDOM'S CHALLENGE
(Mr. ASPINALL asked and was given
permission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Speaker, it is my
pleasure to inform my colleagues that a
young American citizen from the U.S.
Virgin Islands, Miss Carol-Anne Roberts,
is a winning contestant in the annual
"Voice of Democracy Contest."
This contest is sponsored by the Vet-
erans of Foreign Wars of the United
States and its Ladies Auxiliary. This
year the "Voice of Democracy Contest"
had as its theme "Freedom's Challenge,"
and attracted the participation of over
400,000 students competing for five
scholarships.
The significance of Miss Roberts being
a winning contestant is in the fact that
she hails from Christiansted, St. Croix,
in the U.S. Virgin Islands, a territorial
possession of the United States. Miss
Roberts clearly demonstrates in her
speech the attitude and loyalty of our
island citizens.
Mr. Speaker, it is more refreshing to
know that the majority of our young
American citizens are not committed to
the forces of unrest and violence so rife
in our society today. Moreover, it is the
expressions of responsible young Ameri-
cans like Carol-Anne Roberts, which dis-
play an intelligent understanding of
"Freedom's Challenge," that reward our
confidence in the young of our Nation
and the future of its democratic form of
government.
Mr. Speaker, it is with sincere pleas-
ure that I ask unanimous consent to in-
sert in the body of the RECORD the
winning speech of Miss Carol-Anne Rob-
erts on "Freedom's Challenge."
FREEDOM'S CHALLENGE
Freedom! A beautiful word! What do we
think of when we hear this? What pictures
flash through our minds as we are con-
fronted with this word? Do we see a small
group of ragged soldiers struggling against
a larger and better equipped foe? Do we en-
vision the signing of a great document, the
Declaration of Independence? Does the vi-
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : C
nnatisztoflal
United States
of America
Vol. 115
No. 60
April 18,
was not in session today. Its pert meeting will be held on Friday, , 1969, at 12 o'clock meridian.
Senate
House o Representatives
WEDNESDAY, APRIL 16, 1969
The House met at 12 o'clock noon.
The Chaplain, Rev. Edward C1. Latch,
D.D., offered the following prayer:
By grace you have been saved through
faith, and this is not E Your ans 2: 8.
Our Father Godd.
move and hed have our being, we humbly
pray Thee so to guide and govern us
procedures of
Thy spirit that in all the these hours we may never forget that
Thou at with us. Send us out into this
new day sustained by-
A faith that shines more bright and clear
When tempests rage without;
That when in danger knows no fear.
kness feels no doubt.
In dar
fol
we commit our coon- unanimous consent
the bill (H.R. 10158) to
i
ng
Into Thy keep
Mamie Doud E s-
try and all who live and fight and die for consideration of
her that freedom may continue die be provide mail widow service of for former President
gloriously alive in our world. Strengthen enhower,
them in danger; comfort them in sor- Dwight David Eisenhower.
row; keep them steadfast in the perform- The Clerk read the title of the bill.
asice of duty and ever loyal to this Na- the R the theregen Haman i from
Lion we love with all our hearts.
Lead us, our Father, in the paths of Oklahoma?
right; blindly we stumble when we walk There was no objection.
alone, only with Thee do we journey The Clerk read the bill, as follows:
H.R. lolsa
safely n. is the way, Be it enacted by the Senate and House of
Ill thhe name of Him who Representatives of the United States of
we pray. Amen. America' in Congress assembled, That all mail
wraw as Doud Eisen-
ROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 91 St CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION
P
WASHINGTON, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 16, 1969
ECONOMIC SANCTIONS TO Uurc+s
NORTH KOREAN AGGRESSION
(Mr. PUCINSKI asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the
brazen and wanton murder of 31 Ameri-
can airmen over the Sea of Japan is an-
other example of North Korean aggres-
sion against the United States.
inded to-
I think we all ought to be rem
day that when Mr. Nixon accepted the
nomination in Miami, in his acceptance
speech, he said it was time for an admin-
istration that would react promptly and
effectively against incidents like the
Pueblo.
i hope Mr. Nixon will make good in
that pledge.
.I suggest there are several things that
can be done short of military interven-
en-
tion. I am not sure
intervention want
in North
gage in military
Korea at this time any more than we
wanted to when the Pueblo incident oc-
curred.
matter sent pY ph"' - --___-Dwigh THE JOURNAL rioter, the widow of former heresidentn aught
graph signature or facsimile thereof, .shall be
The Journal of the proceedings of David Eisenhower,
yesterday was read and approved. conveyed within the United States, its pos-
sessions, and the Commonwealth life.
Rico free of postage during her
T NIXON'S REVIEW OF All of her mail marked Postage and Fees
PRESIDEN prescribed by the Post-
THE 1970 BUDGET Paid"
master General shall be accepted by the Post
Mr. MAHON. Mr. Speaker, for general office Department for tranmissieovn in the In-
information and reference purposes of ternational mails. The postal
Members who may be interested, I ask be reimbursed each fiscal year, out of the
unanimous consent to insert in the ex- general funds of the Treasury, in an amount
,e which other
equivalent to the postEL9 wise
tension section of today's
report summarizing the results of the ree would be payable on matter mailed pursuant
view of the 1970 budget, released yester- to this Act.
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
day by the Executive
Office of the
President.
The document supplies a capsule syn-
opsis of the proposed and projected
changes in the budgets for fiscal years
1969 and 1970 submitted by Presiden
Johnson in January of this year.
The SPEAKER. there
gentleman objection
from
the request of. the
Texas?
There was no objection.
The bill was ordered to be engrossed
and read a third time, was read the third
ion to recon-
time,
er was passed ad on an and taa ble.
sider
FOR COMMITTEE ON
INTERSTATE AND FOREIGN COM-
MERCE TO SIT DURING GENERAL
DEBATE TODAY
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan-
imous consent that the Commerce on In-
te and Foreign m
t
a
- ~-- ters
MAIL SERVICE FOR MAMIE DOUD during general debate today.
EISENHOWER, WIDOW OF FOR- The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
MER PRESIDENT DWIGHT DAVID the, request of the gentleman from Okla-
EISENHOWER homa?
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker,mI ask There was no obje ti
r-_ +,,a immediate
Senate
 Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE A
Of course, when we see today in retro-
spect the tortures commtted upon the
American sailors of the P blo, and then
this wanton shooting dow of an aircraft
yesterday, the least this c entry can do
right now is to demand a dnomie sanc-
tions and an economic arantine of
North Korea.
Several of our allies ar today doing
business with North Korea They include
Japar,Hong Kong, Engla ;.and others.
The least these allies can d is stand be-
hind the United States in ,quarantining
this aggressor before this w$1ble situation
gets out of hand. ~{
Mr. Speaker, the time li"Is come when
Secretary Rogers ought to demand that
America's allies loin us in an economic
quarantine of North Korea', If they are
not willing to join us, we shb;ild come to
the realization that they are only fair
weather friends and canno be counted
onJ~when we need their help.
ACTION DEMANDED O NORTH
KOREAN INCIDEN rS
(Mr. DICKINSON asks and was
given permission to address the House
for 1 minute and to revise nd extend
his remarks.)
Mr. DICKINSON. Mr. Sr eaker, last
fall in his quest for the Presidency, Mr.
Nixon said, in referring to the Pueblo:
When respect for the United States of
America falls so low that a fourth-rate mili-
tary power like North Korea wtli seize an
American naval vessel on the high seas, it is
time for new leadership. I pledgs to you the
American flag is not going to b q a doormat
for anybody at home or abroad.
I applauded his statement th@n because
I believed it came from the mats. not just
a candidate for public office.
Now once again we are thei innocent
victims of armed piracy and aggression
from North Korea. They have shot dawn
an unarmed American plane 100 miles at
sea, thus murdering 31 Americans on
board.
Mr. Speaker, I know I speak on behalf
of millions of Americans who voted for
a change last November-not4 more
years of indecision, frustration, and
fear-when I say we are waiang, Mr.
President, for you to make your'. promise
good.
YESTERDAY THE "PUEBLO"-TO-
DAY THE "WILLY VICTOR"-.-WHAT
TOMORROW?
(Mr. FREY asked and was given per-
mission to address the Housd for 1
minute, to revise and extend !his re-
marks and include extraneous Ytiatter.)
Mr. FREY. Mr. Speaker, I spent most
of my active naval service flying, in the
same type of reconnaissance *ircraft
which, according to the latest Defense
Department statement at 11 a.iin. this
morning, was apparently shot down by
North Korean aircraft far outside the
claimed territorial air space of this na-
jtion. We called the aircraft BT,s-big
i targets. They are unarmed, cruise At only
!175 knots, and provide an easy 'target
Our wing was engaged in part t4 fly a
barrier from Midway to the Ale' Mans
and back. Although we only had 1 inen
aboard, we never felt unprotected or
alone. We knew that 180 million fellow
Americans were behind us. We knew that
in fulfilling our obligation to our coun-
try, America would in turn fulfill its
obligation to us.
The Defense Department statement
.points ow' that this flight was one of 190
similar flights made to date, all con-
sidered lawful use of international air
space. Whereas all of the flights operated
at least 40 nautical miles from the North
Korean coast, this plane was operating
at least 50 nautical miles from the North
Korean coast. Despite a huge search and
rescue mission, there are no reports of
survivors. -
I do not presume to know what course
we should now follow. It is obvious we
cannot afford to become engaged in an-
other Asian land war. But it is equally
obvious that we have not fulfilled our
obligations to 30 Navy men and one
marine who were aboard this vessel, and
all the others in the service of their
country. In some way and by some
method North Korea must pay the price.
Yesterday the Pueblo-today the Willy
Victor-what tomorrow?
CALL OF THE HOUSE
Mr, SPRINGER. Mr. Speaker, I make
the point of order that a quorum is not
present.
The SPEAKER. The gentleman from
Illinois (Mr. SPRINGER) makes the point
of order that a cjllorum is not present,
and evidently a quorum is not present.
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I move a
call of the House.
A call of the House was ordered.
[Roll No. 36]
The Clerk called the roll, and the
following Members failed to answer to
their names:
Abbitt
P rellughuysen
O'Konski
Ashbrook
]Fuqua
O'Neal, Ga.
Ashley
GaL1agher
Ottiivger
Barrett
Garmatz
Patman
Bates
Gray
Pepper
Bell, Calif
Griffiths
Pike
Boland
Gross
Powell
Brock
E:alpern
Purcell
Carey
E:alnsenn Wash.
Rooney, N.Y.
Geller
Bebert
Rosenthal
Chappell
Jacobs
Scheuer
Clark
Jimea, Tenn.
Symington
Clay
Kee
Teague, Tex.
Cunningham
Likens
Yatron
Davis, Ga.
Madden
Dawson
May
Dwyer
Marton
Ford,
Muse
William D.
Mirphy, N.Y,
The SPEAKER. On this rollcall 381
Members have answered to their names,
a quorum.
By unanimous consent, further pro-
ceedings under the call were dispensed
with.
CORREC'T'ION OF ROLLCALL
Mr. SMITH of Iowa. Mr. Speaker, on
rollcall No. 30, on March 26, a quorum
call, I am recorded as absent, I was pres-
ent and answered to my name. I ask
unanimous consent that the permanent
RECORD and Journal be corrected accord-
ingly.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the getleman from Iowa?
There was no objection.
;l 16, 1969
WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
ACT OF 1969
Mr. FALLON, Mr. Speaker, I move that
the House resolve itself into the Com-
mittee of the Whole House on the State
of the Union for the further considera-
tion of the bill (H.R. 4148) to amend the
Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as
amended, and for other purposes.
The SPEAKER. The question is on the
motion offered by the gentleman from
Maryland.
The motion was agreed to.
IN THE COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE
Accordingly the House resolved itself
into the Committee of the Whole House
on the State of the Union for the further
consideration of the bill H.R. 4148, with
Mr. SMITH of Iowa in the chair.
The Clerk read the title of the bill.
The CHAIRMAN. When the Commit-
tee rose on yesterday the Clerk had read
through section 1, ending on page 38, line
17, of the committee substitute amend-
rPlent.
If there are no amendments to this
section, the Clerk will read.
The Clerk read as follows:
SEC. 2. Existing sections 17 and 18 of the
Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as
amended, are hereby repealed., Section 19 of
the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as
amended, is redesignated as section 24. After
section 16 of the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act, as amended, there is hereby
inserted the following new sections:
"CONTROL OF POLLUTION BY OIL AND OTHER
MATTER
"SEC. 17. (a) For the purpose of this sec-
tion, the term-
" (1) 'oil' means oil of any kind or In any
form, including, but-not limited to, petro-
leum, fuel oil, sludge, and oil refuse, but
does not include oil mixed with dredged
spoil;
"(2) 'matter' means any substance of any
description or origin, other than oil, dredged
spoil, and human body wastes and the wastes
from toilets and other receptacles intended
to receive or retain human body waters,
which, when discharged into the navigable
waters of the United States or the waters of
the contiguous gone in substantial quanti-
ties, presents, in the judgment of the Secre-
tary, an imminent ana substantial hazard
to public health or welfare, including fish,
shellfish, and wildlife, and shorelines and
beaches, but such term does not include by-
product material, source material, and spe-
cial nuclear material as defined in the
Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.B.C. 2013).
"(3) 'discharge' means any spilling, leak-
ing, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying,
or dumping;
"(4) 'remove or removal' refers to the tak-
ing of reasonable and appropriate measures
to mitigate the potential damage of the dis-
charge of oil or matter to the public health
or welfare, including, but not limited to,
fish, shellfish, wildlife, shorelines, and
beaches.
"(5) 'vessel' means every description of
watercraft or other artificial Contrivance
used, or capable of being used, as a means
of transportation on water;
"(6) 'public vessel' means a vessel owned
or bareboat chartered and operated by the
United States, or by a State or political sub-
division thereof, or by a foreign nation or
political subdivision thereof, except where
such vessel is engaged in commercial
activities;
"(7) 'United States' means the States, the
District of Columbia`, the Oonlllion wealth of
Puerto Rico, the Canal Zone, Guam, Amer-
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 A proved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
A prod 15, .969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD --HOUSE H 2669
nancial aid to areas plagued by discrimina-
tion
Nobody has stepped forward to claim the
laurels of Mr. Civil Rights for the Nixon
Administration, partly perhaps because At-
torney General John N. Mitchell has indi-
cated he wants to make the line between
Justice and, say, the Department of Health,
Education and Welfare, firmer rather than
fuzzier where they have over lapping juris-
diction such as in school desegregation.
The total effect each department going its
own way, is not one of neutrality toward civil
rights. The Pentagon's failure to submit its
contracting policy to scrutiny elsewhere in
Government amounts to a decision to avoid
the kind of review that almost certainly
would build pressures for a tough Defense
Department policy.
Besides making it easier to temporize, such
lack of necessary embarrassment. The Penta-
gon made its textile announcement within
hours of President Nixon's promise to NAACP
Executive Secretary Roy N. Wilkins to in-
vestigate complaints on the subject-a
bureaucratic goof that no cynic could have
stage-managed.
Leonard, 39-year-old former Wisconsin
state legislator, has overcome an initial set-
back about his membership in a segregated
Milwaukee club to earn a reputation among
many civil rights workers for a sincere desire
to enforce Federal law vigorously.
He stepped in quickly to argue in the
Supreme Court on the side of Negroes who
tried to desegregate a recreation area near
Little Rock, Ark. When he filed a friend-of-
the-court brief in a Chicago "blockbusting"
case, lawyers for. Negroes there credited him
with a creative legal argument and they were
grateful to have the prestige of the United
States Government thrown in as well.
Leonard is regarded by some subordinates
as easily educated in the intricacies of civil
rights enforcement, but he is being watched
to see whether he can capture the appropria-
tions needed to unfreeze the current travel
restrictions that keep many bias fighters
chairborne.
At HEW, Secretary Robert H. Finch
weathered an initial period of unprepared-
ness and uncertainty to begin a pattern of
toughness over school desegregation-Federal
aid guidelines.
But Finch's appointment of Robert C.
Mardian, who has urged a quiet cutback in
Federal fund cutoffs, as general counsel,
counterbalanced his naming of Leon A.
Panetta, a liberal, to do the actual enforcing,
has created a new mix of emotions and ex-
pectations. So have Finch's own conflicting
public statements on civil rights issues.
No civil rights legislative program has
emerged, but it will be surprising if the
White House backs a Johnson Administration
proposal for enforcement powers for the
Employment Commission, since Dirksen has
upbraided former chairman Clifford, A.
Alexander Jr. for his use of its existing
powers.
The Administration's failure to coordinate
with Dirksen plus an Ill-timed White House
statement the next day saying Alexander
would be replaced as chairman combined for
the maximum Administration embarrass-
ment. Knowing that Alexander, a Democrat,
could become difficult to handle politically,
the Administration nonetheless managed to
let Alexander resign as chairman (while re-
maining on the commission) in a righteous
huff rather than quietly.
The signs are scant that segregationist
Sen. Strom Thurmond (R-S.C.) wields great
influence on civil rights matters. But signs
are plentiful that the Nixon Administration
will continue for some time to move in
several directions at once on civil rights.
(Mr. BRADEMAS asked and was given
permission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
[Mr. BRADEMAS' remarks will ap-
pear hereafter in the Extensions of Re-
marks.]
(Mr. BRADEMAS asked and was given
permission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
[Mr. BRADEMAS' remarks will ap-
pear hereafter in the Extensions of Re-
A/10r,
COMMUNIST AIR AGGRESSION
(Mr. RARICK asked and was given
permission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, the news
that the Communist regime of North
Korea has shot down a U.S. reconnais-
sance plane resulting in the apparent
murder of 31 U.S. boys has shocked the
conscience of the peace-seeking world.
Compare, for example, the barbaric
act of the Government of North Korea
toward our U.S. aircraft with the reports
of Soviet bombers regularly flying along
the U.S. coast. Compare also this action
with the piracy at high seas in the cap-
ture of the U.S.S. Pueblo and the subse-
quent imprisonment and torture of the
American crew.
How can any informed American be-
lieve that we can negotiate peace from
a position of weakness through supposed
assistance from the Soviet Union, when
it is the Soviets and their arms escalation
and military equipment that underwrites
these atrocities?
The American people must awaken our
leaders that there can be no peace until
we go after the peace-not by pacifist
verbiage-but by a policy of retaliation
and announced efforts that we are going
to win our goals-including an an-
nounced all-out effort for peace through
victory and the unequivocal backing of
our boys wherever they serve.
I include several news articles follow-
ing my remarks:
[From the Washington (D.C.) Evening Star,
Apr. 15, 1969]
NORTH KOREA SAYS U.S. PLANE DOWNED-
NAVY SPY CRAFT WITH 31 MISSING IN SEA
OF JAPAN-COMBAT PATROL COVER PROVIDED
FOR AIR SEARCH
ToKYo.-North Korea, which captured the
U.S. intelligence ship Pueblo, reported today
its air force shot down a large American re-
connaissance plane.
In Washington, the Defense Department
said a Navy reconnaissance plane with 31
aboard was missing in the Sea of Japan.
North Korea's official central News Agency
said "a large-sized modernly equipped re-
connaissance plane" intruded deep into
North Korean air space and was shot down.
The time given for the downing of the plane
was 1:50 p.m. or 11:50 p.m. EST yesterday.
The broadcast gave no information on the
fate of those aboard.
It said only that the North Korean air
force shot the plane down at a high altitude
"by showering fire of revenge upon it."
ROUTINE RECONNAISSANCE
In Washington, the Defense Department
said the Navy E0121 plane, based at Atsugi,
Japan, was flying "a routine reconnaissance
track" which kept it at least 50 nautical miles
from the North Korean coastline.
The Pentagon did not immediately con-
firm that the North Koreans shot down the
huge electronics-packed aircraft but said
only that a broad search was launched for
the plane and its crew of 30 Navy men and
one Marine.
At the Capitol, however, Vice Adm. J. B.
Colwell, deputy chief of naval operations,
talked as though hostile action was involved.
He called the Incident "a clear case of in-
ternational piracy and a breach of interna-
tional Iaw " He talked briefly with newsmen
before going into a closed session of the
House Armed Services Committee. He de-
clined to give further details In public.
PRESIDENT AWAKENED
At the White House, press secretary Ron-
ald L. Ziegler said President Nixon was awak-
ened "early this morning" to be told about
the missing plane.
Ziegler declined to say just when Nixon
was awakened, but said the information was
relayed to the President by telephone from
Dr. Henry A. Kissinger, his special assist-
ant for national security affairs.
A Defense Department spokesman said the
aircraft commander was under orders to ap-
proach no closer than 50 miles to the coast
of North Korea.
The E0121 carried two 20-man life-rafts.
The Defejlse Department said combat pa-
trol cover was being provided for two search
planes, an HC130 Hercules and a K0135
tanker.
The destroyers Tucker and Dale, which
have been based at Sashebo, Japan, were
ordered to head toward the search area.
The EC121 is heavily-loaded with electronic
gear, as was the U.S. intelligence ship Pueblo,
which was captured off the North Korean
coast on Jan. 23, 1968. The U.S. claimed at
the time the ship was in international waters
about 25 miles off the North Korean coast.
Search operations today apparently were
centered within 200 miles of where the
Pueblo and its 83 crewmen were captured.
The crew was released late last year. The
Pentagon said the air search today is cen-
tered about 95 miles southeast of Chongjin,
North Korea.
The U.S. Embassy in Moscow today asked
Soviet assistance in searching for survivors
of the plane. A spokesman said the embassy
had informed the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
of the plane's disappearance and sought help
from any Russian ships that might be in the
area. Japanese fishing boats already have
joined the search.
At the Pentagon, Daniel Z. Henkin, the
Defense Department's chief spokesman,
dodged all questions on what may have hap-
pened but said "the aircraft was in com-
munication with its base during its mission."
"We have no information at this time
which confirms the sighting of any survi-
vors," Henkin said.
Pentagon records indicated this would be
the first U.S.-North Korean air clash in 10
years.,
In June 1959 a Navy P4 patrol plane was
attacked by a MIG jet in the Sea of Japan
about 85 miles east of Wonsan, North Korea.
A tail gunner was seriously wounded in that
incident but the damaged plane returned
safely to a base in Japan.
The missing airplane is a converted Lock-
heed Super Constellation. It has a big hump
in the top of the fuselage to carry radar and
other monitoring devices.
"It is a large-crew airplane," the spokes-
man said, confirming that 31 men would not
be an unusual number to be aboard. The
monitoring equipment requires a number
of operators.
The North Korean agency said the "U.S.
imperialist aggressor army which has been
rapidly intensifying the war provocation
maneuvers against (North Korea) of late
perpetrated on the morning of the 16th the
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
H 2670 i CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE A rrf 151.1969
grave provocation of in lltrating d p into
the territorial air of the y epublic a rye size
modernly equipped reco*'iuaissance lane to
conduct reconnaissance, While pe hating
grave provocations along the military de-
marcation line."
It said the North Korean air force "In-
stantly spotted" the plane and "sc*r4!d the
brilliant battle sucess" of shooting it down.
"The U,S, imperialist aggressors mtut bear
in mind that the stern Warning of tte Ko-
rean People's Army is not empty tl t and
the Korean People's Armycounters any prov-
ocation of the U.S. imperialist agg essors
instantly with a hundre(I-fold, thor.:::and-
In 1963 the United States grotested
strongly to the Soviet Union that two recon-
naissance bombers had flown 30 miles inland
across the southwestern tip of Alaska. The
Soviets denied any Incursion.
Pentagon sources are frank to admit the
United States has no real basis for complaint
so long as the Soviet planes remain outside
NATO territory.
Purthermore, the United States could
hardly protest that the flights are provoca-
tive. Strategic Air Command __training mis-
sions send nuclear-capable B52s quite regu-
larly into Arctic regions near Soviet terri-
tory.
Told retaliatory blow," the broadcast .aid. PROBABLE REASONS,
About the time Of the announcemclit in Sourer 12elieve the Soviets have three rea-
Nqashington, the U.S. Navy in :aigon sons for conducting what appears to be a
abruptly cancelled an awards ceremoaxy to- regular program of flights toward the United
morrow aboard the art carrier ',Ranger States:
off Vietnam.
A Na Spokesman in Saigon said he did They -want to keep a constant check on
Navy how long It takes U.S. radar to detect in-
not know if the cancellation was directly cording planes and scramble fighters to inter-
connected with the plane, incident. cept them.
South Vietnam's defense minister and The flights provide Soviet air crews with
other officials had been scheduled to go training made hi?hly realistic when U.S.
aboard the Ranger to present medals to .)bout fighters meet them,
150 U.S. Navy men. The Soviets collect various intelligence in-
formation from the missions. Even without
[From the Baton Rouge (La.) State-Times, flying over U.S. territory, they can take long
Apr. 8, 1961 range photographs. test radar detection sys-
ovmr BOMBERS ARE FLYING REGULAR] Y To tem8 and nzaintair.. data on American radio
(By Bob Horton)
WASHINGTON.-Soviet bomber flights to the
Tringe of North America have become qo rou-
tine in recent months tjat U.S. fighters
en't always sent to intercept them, accord-
ng to Pentagon sources.
Over the last 15 months, these sources say,
ere have been about three dozen incidents
f Soviet planes flying near continental
orth America, usually Alaska or Canada.
However, the Soviets hati* been careful to
n back before actually flying over U.S. or
anadian territory, the sources said.
While continental defenSw officials occa-
onally may decide not tp scramble ',inter-
ptors, the Soviet bombers.are always mom-
red on radar from the time they get within
few hundred miles of the North American
astline until they leave.
Only two or three of the &)viet missions
have been disclosed officio. y by the Penta-
n, which Indicates the low key attitude the
17S. government is taking.
The most recent Soviet flight, sources re-
d 1 h i ht to 10'TU16
A
ri1
1
The decision whether to send U.S. jets to
meet Soviet planes entering the air defense
zone usually depends on the speed and angle
of approach of the incoming flight.
Ilterceptors are designed mainly to assure
the Soviets that their presence has been de-
tected.
[From U.S. News & World Report, Mar. 24,
19691
New types of Soviet weapons are showing
up in the Vietnam was. U.S. Marines have
captured Soviet D--74 field guns that can
fire 55-pound high-explosive shells more
than 13 miles and. penetrate 7 inches of
armor plate. The Marines also have sighted
the first self-propelled guns known to be
used by the enemy. They are believed to be
the Russian-made JSU-122 assault guns.
[From Human Events, Apr. 19, 1969]
MILITARY REPOSiTIONNED AROUND GLOBE-BE-
HIND THE SovIET6' "FORWARD STRATEGY"
(By Paul Scott)
urre
p
0
-c
w en a The dramatic movement of powerful So-
edgers came within 65 miles of North West viet naval units from the Arctic to the Pa-
aska. cite Ocean is an integral part of the Krem-
The Alaskan Air Command scrambled F102
i terceptors, but no nose-tq-Rose confrb lin's strategy of repositioning its military
ton was necessary. forces In strategic areas of the world.
The Badger is a twin turbo jet aircraft Although U.S. intelligence authorities are
Y comparable to the Old American 1347 !split Over the immediate impact on the west
d capable of speeds up tq,580 mph. 1 of this Russian naval build-up in the Pa-
Seven other Soviet flight& near U.S. ';terra- ciflc, the majority agree the transfer of ships
try this year are recorded on a list; now gives the Kremlin a powerful new military
stamped secret in the Pentagon. lever to influence future events on the So-
In addition, there were more than 25 other rean peninsula, in E~sia, and other areas of
miler incidents in 1968 not only off Alaska the world.
t near Newfoundland, Labrador, Iceland. Strikingly illustrative of this expanding
a d around the Aleutian Island chain t1 the "forward strategy" are the fallowing Soviet
p c. military movements during the past year:
GROUP OP sEViwar (1) the positioning of 80,000 Russian
Usually the Soviet planes show in troops in Czechaslovirkia near the West Ger-
oups of two or three, but on one nil s7 on man border; (2) movement of 20,000 addi-
past January, seven T[l95 Bear r on- tional troops Into East Germany and Po-
n issance bombers came within 30 na ticai land; (3) shifting a large number of Russian
es of Northwest Alaska. The Bear is 500 ships to the Mediterranean; and (4) basing
ph turbo prop capable of flying 7,800 .ties of Soviet long-range bombers in the United
thout"refueling. Arab Republic; (5) Increasing of military
Six to eight Bears were Intercepted b U.S. supplies to Arab nations; (6) supplying of
11 bters last summer, again oft Northw tern arms to Nigeria to internationalize the war
A asks,, in another major flight which at there; (7) increasing the flow of arms to
publicised. North Viet Nam; and (8) shifting of Arc-
Pentagon sources say tho Soviets 181as tic Ocean naval unity to the Pacific.
n careful to halt their approaches wl;thin Significantly, the transferring Soviet navy
3 to 150 miles of North American terr~tor7 units have aboard an unusually large num-
d the 15-month period. ber of bilingual communication officers Who
speak either Korean or Japanese In addition
to their native tongue.
Presence of these officers, detected before
the Soviet naval units left Murmansk, great-
ly puzzled American naval intelligence offi-
cers until the final destination of the Red
naval units was uncovered by the British.
While Russian dplomats are dropping
hints all over the world that the Soviet
naval movement Is designed to meet "the
growing Chinese Communist border threat"
in the Far East, U.B. intelligence authorities
believe there is much More to the Soviet
strategic power build-up in the Pacific.
For Instance, South Korean intelligence
officials have warned the "U.S. that the naval
transfer is part of Moscow's preparations to
support a 1970 invasion of their country by
the North Koreans.
This latter threat is 'Considered so real
that Speaker John McCormack (D.-Mass.)
recently arranged for a congressional delega-
tion headed by House Majority Leader Carl
Albert (D.-Okla.) to fly to South Korea to
indicate U.S. backing for that government.
The lawmakers agreed to work for a step-up
of American military aid as a move to deter
the Communists.
According to the South Koreans, Kim A
Sung, tempestuous North Korean dictator,
is merely waiting to strike until American
forces become so mired down in Viet Nam
that they cannot defend Korea.
As of today, the priorities of the Viet Nam
war have left South Korea woefully unpre-
pared to resist another invasion. More than
50,000 of South Korea's best troops have been
drawn out of the line to fight in Viet Nam.
The 50,000 Americans Who hold 18 miles
of the 151-mile Korean front are Ill-equipped
to face North Korea's modern 400,000-man
army and air force without additional air
and ground support from other U.S. bases.
The frantic war preparations in North
Korea, plus the unpreparedness in the south,
could make Korea a future Pearl Harbor for
American forces there if Moscow decides the
time is ripe to have Soviet-trained Kim Il
Sung open a second Asian front.
It is known here that Moscow's agents In
Japan have Instructions to ferment a new
round of strikes and protests designed to
force the present Japanese government to
block use of U.S. bases there in any new
Korean war. These protests will be centered
around opposition to proposed renewal of
U.S.-Japanese defense agreements.
These axe the little-aired developments In
the Far East that President Nixon is being
urged by his intelligence advisers to con-
sider in his assessment of the movement of
Soviet naval units to the Pacific.
The blow-up of Sino-Soviet border clashes
by Moscow is considered highly significant
by Nixon's intelligence advisers, but they
caution that tar to little Is known about
the incidents to determine whether they
were connected with the naval movement or
are being used as a cover for more sinister
Russian intentions.
One of the most interesting articles on cur-
rent Soviet foreign policy and strategy be-
ing studied at the highest level of the Nixon
Administration was written by Joseph Schie-
bel, director of the Russian area studies pro-
gram and professor of history of Georgetown
University.
Titled Convergence or Confrontation?",
the Schiebel article gives a bleak prospect
of a less militant Russia, stating:
"A whole array of military and particu-
larly naval developments and the imminent
succession by the Soviet Union to strategic
bases (especially those which would permit
the Soviet Union almost total domination
over the Near and Middle East) ... point to
a preoccupation with techniques Of empire
by strategic control....
"The emergence of the Soviet Union as a
substantive provider of development aid
(with strategic strings attaobed to much of
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 AP i1'YJpg9yed For Rele@@%?ft@J4WA: f4& P1' fi4R000300130002-9g 2671
it), as a marketer of major competitive
goods (oil, advanced aricraft, etc.) and as a
factor in the international money market
indicate a growing capacity in this medium
of political control...."
Schiebel's forecast that the Kremlin's
effort to undermine relations between West
Germany and the U.S., the national libera-
tion strategy, and the strategy of isolating
the U.S. as a world power will dominate op-
erational aspects of Soviet foreign policy in
the foreseeable future.
"The Soviet leaders are not omnipotent
supermen," he concludes. "They owe their
successes to the fact that they were able to
so organize and arrange their advances that
there would be no enemies."
The article appears in the 1968-69 Winter
Issue of the Intercollegiate Review.
[From the Washington Post, Apr. 11, 1969]
AMERICAN ERA OF UNEQUALED MIGHT SEEN AT
END
(By Alfred Friendly)
LONDON, April 10.-A 20-year period in
which American policy alone largely shaped
the pattern of international politics prob-
ably ended last year, a group of defense
experts believes. The Soviet Union, they say,
"must now be treated as a full equal in terms
both of strategic power and of her ability to
control conflict in the developing world."
The judgment is that of the annual survey
of Britain's highly esteemed Institute for
-Strategic Studies, made public today.
The survey said that for various reasons
1968 marked "the end of the American desire
and ability to be the universal and dominant
power."
U.S.S.R. EQUALS UNITED STATES
At the same time, the Soviet Union, having
equalled the United States in interconti-
nental ballistic missile strength, has in-
creased and diversified its other military
capabilities to the point where it can inter-
vene more actively in local conflicts and wars
distant from its borders-even as the United
States can, and has done.
There was no clear evidence during the
year, the survey declared, to indicate whether
the increase in the power and diversity of
Russian military capability meant that "an
active intervention strategy was in the mak-
ing" or whether it was merely to give the
Soviet Union "the panoply of a superpower"
and the same range of options the United
States enjoys for prestige and bargaining.
But, the survey authors continued, sup-
port for the first interpretation came from
the Soviet Union's proclamation of the so-
called Brezhnev doctrine-the right of inter-
vention in the "socialist commonwealth."
That concept could mean intervention not
just in an Eastern European country like
Rumania or even Yugoslavia; "it could mean
Syria or other left-wing Arab states; it could
mean China," the survey said.
THREAT TO BLOC
Reviewing the Soviet invasion of Ctecho-
slovakia, the survey said there was little
evidence that developments within the coun-
try before August were seen as an immediate
security threat to the Soviet Union or Its
system, but much evidence that they were
regarded as threats to the ability *of other
nations in the Eastern Bloc "to contain their
own internal changes."
The invasion served to delay U.S.-Soviet
arms control discussions-although the Unit-
ed States was held back more by "a sense of
propriety than a reduced appetite for de-
tente,"-but it did not affect the discussions
in principle, the report said. Moreover, the
invasion did not change the fact that the
NATO nations had no alternative to trying to
continue to reach a detente with the Soviet
Union.
But the major consequence of the invasion,
the survey asserted, was in Eastern Europe
itself, where the Soviet action fundamentally
changed the status quo.
In terms favorable-to Russia, it reestab-
lished the credibility of its military power as
the prime instrument of its control in East-
ern Europe; it seems to have snuffed out the
Czechoslovak reformist movement; it left a
larger Soviet military presence deployed on
NATO's doorstep, and it served warning on
West Germany of the dangers of continuing
its wooing of the Eastern Bloc.
On the debit side, the survey said, the in-
vasion shattered the image of a mellowing
Soviet Union; frightened NATO into some
fresh vibrations; menaced the unity of the
Communist movement outside the Eastern
Bloc, and "prompted the United States to
begin mending her relations with her Euro-
pean allies."
The survey's gloomiest forecasts were
focussed on the Arab-Israel conflict, where
it found that "the materials from which a
settlement" could be built are still inade-
quate.
Worse, it continued, the Palestine libera-
tion movements have risen to such power
that the largest, Al Fatah, now acts almost
as a nation, but without a nation's formal
structure. Thus, there is "a serious question
whether any Arab regime could survive a
settlement" in the face of the Fedayeen
groups' opposition.
If the Arab governments delay in resolv-
ing their own relations, redefining their ob-
jectives and reasserting their own domestic
authority, the survey warned, Israel's own
considerations about "defense and deter-
rence" may lead it to invoking the nuclear
option which she has almost certainly
acquired."
SEXATION IN THE CLASSROOM
(Mr. RARICK asked and was given
permission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, as parents
across the Nation become more aware of
the inherent dangers of sex education in
the schools, opposition to it begins to
stiffen and become more organized.
The material for sex education is
spread and pushed by an outfit calling it-
self the Sex Education and Information
Council of the United States-SIECUS.
Scores of school boards in the United
States have cited a lack of opposition to
the teaching of this explosive material
on sex as justification of its introduction
into the school curriculum.
However, the answer to this is obvi-
ous-parents have previously had very
limited access to the sensational material
produced by SIECUS. -As they do become
aware-and more are becoming aware
everyday--opposition to this lurid mate-
rial stiffens.
The March 1969, edition of the journal
of the Sarasota, Fla., County Medical
Society contains two interesting and
timely articles on sex in the schools and
an informative and enlightening article
on this subject appeared in the April 12,
1969, edition of the Prince Georges Sen-
tinel published in neighboring Prince
Georges County, Md. Also, a letter to
the editor of the County News of Prince
Georges from a concerned parent should
be of equal interest to my colleagues.
I present these to follow my remarks:
THE JET SEx
(By William Campbell Douglass, M.D.)
When I was growing up, there were two
sexes-the male sex and the female sex. My
medical school anatomy course confirmed
this. But recently something new has evolved
from our schools-the Jet Sex. This is the
generation of "sexually free" children, who
are taught from kindergarten how to do it,
how babies are made and how they are
avoided. The Jet Sex is taught that the issue
isn't morality, but fornication without fear.
Religion is out of our schools, but coition is
rapidly becoming the biggest thing since the
new math. The children are assaulted with
detailed texts, "study guides," visual aids,
clay for modeling the human phallus, and
everything conceivable short of copulation
rooms-and even this has been suggested. In
one school, for instance, the teacher, (who
can only be described as sick, sick, sick),
herded her little charges into a darkened
room and had them feel each other.
One film now in vogue for Kindergarten
shows dogs copulating followed by a human
couple in bed under sheets. A recorded voice
explains: "Mummy and Daddy are doing the
same thing the dogs do." Now really, isn't
that a bit much-even for the Jet Sex?
I mentioned sex education in the schools to
a friend and he immediately replied, "Well,
It's about time!" The implication was that
finally someone was doing something and we
would at last "understand" and "be natural"
with sex-thereby bringing on the millenium
and a non-neurotic world. But aren't there
some things that are better off not under-
stood during the formative years? Perhaps I
am antedelvian in my thinking (I have been
accused of such) but what happens to beauty
and art when everything is reduced to a
mathematical certainty? Our 20th century
explorers have already taken the moon out of
poetry and song by informing us that it is a
"forbidding and foreboding place." Must we
no deromantasize sex with clinical discus-
sions in mixed company in the classroom?
As the brilliant Alan Stang, writing in The
Review of the News of February 5, 1969, put
it: "-observe that what is happening .
isn't just that sex is being given the most
repulsive treatment possible-which it is-
but that man's greatest, private pleasure is
being made commercial; being made a public
spectacle enjoyed by a crowd."
Certainly there is nothing wrong with giv-
ing anatomical courses to senior high school
students (which is being done by the medical
profession here). Most of the kids at this age
already understand the reproductive process
and perhaps these courses in the mechanism
of conception clear up points of confusion.
But let's leave the little ones to their hop-
scotch and softball. Psychiatrist Melvin
Anchell puts its bluntly: "It catapults the
child into advance sexual information; it
perverts the child-if you turn into an ob-
stetrician at eight years of age, you have de-
veloped a fixation-I think It is creating more
perverts than were ever created before."
This is a delicate subject. But it deserves
our serious consideration for it is being
taught to our children with increasing bold-
ness and diminishing restraint. What goes on
in the depths of the mind of a 6 year old
boy when he is shown pictures or models of
the adult male phallus? Has it occured to the
sexperts that they may be engendering a
strong inferiority complex that could well
carry through to adult life? Mighten the
child "act out," as the psychiatrists say, this
inferiority complex with promiscuity in a
never ending attempt to prove his maleness,
to prove his sexual equality with other males?
What of the 6 year old girl, who knows very
well what her anatomy is, who is exposed to
the adult male, or even the immature male,
through pictures or models and is told that
she will, in a few years, submit to having
that put in there. In a class at the Carter
Riverside school in Fort Worth, Texas, the
girls were told, "If you don't want all this
blood and pain on your wedding, you
should - - - -" At this point, one little girl
fainted.
How stupid can educators get? I just
showed you.
Everyone seems preoccupied with sex these
days. That is nothing new. And, of course,
the pronoun "everyone" may be little too all,
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9
 h12672Approved For ReleatiN~VA1 ~j, CR D?89A@4R0003001 jl i f969
e bracing. But when the students os an
Ai ierican college campus riot because, the
fa ulty refused to let them erect statuolof
m n and women performing perverted se)cual
acs, one wonders what Freud. sex educaltion
a d John Dewey hath wrought.
ex education is the "in thing" in Amer-
les's schools, starting at the kindergarten
level. Without it, the promoters of "sexology"
warn us, your child will be warped, inhibited
and, heaven forbid, moralistic. One wonders
how ten generations of Americans managed
toe build a great and stable nation without
fo~mal sex training. We even managed to
procreate without liberal busybodies telly ng
us how. At the turn of the century, sex was
considered a private matter. Some parents
di cussed it with their children and some
di not. Everyone seems to agree that there
w less mental illness then than now. But
nqw-the sexperts tell us, "If the parents
won't teach their children about sex, then
we must."
Why?
They tried it in a big way in Sweden.
and now that formerly placid and stable land
is ridden with neurosis, suicides and' ve-
nereal disease. One hundred and forty Stued-
ish doctors signed a petition to the govern-
ment which stated that Sweden's young
people are obsessed with sex and, panting
from one partner to another, some have as
many as two hundred different sex partners!
Mary Calderone, M.D., high priestess of
set education (who has no psychiatric cre-
dontials), promotes premarital intercourse
among the kids, tacitly endorses abortion
and speaks oh so gently and permissively
about homosexuality. And, it is interesting
p to note, Ortho Pharmaceutical Corporation
p motes Calderone with fancy brochures
tc the nation's physicians. The brochures
t l America's doctors to stop moralizing and
g t with it! After all, Ortho has a lot of
birth control pills to sell and 14 year, olds
k~low how to swallow pills, don't they? To
qin a phrase: There's gold in them than
pills.
Dr. Rhoda L. Lorand, a highly qualified
child analyst, has very cogently described
the self-appointed sex experts. She said: "I
ve found that talking to these new sex
Je ucation zealots about the findings of child
a alysts over the past forty years, is like
talking to an audience of turkeys about
Thanksgiving. In order to avoid the realiza-
tion that their programs belong on the chop-
ping block, they pretend that the evidence
proving them in error does not exist and
hope that by ignoring it, it will disappear--
a most commendable scientific attitude.
n't worry, it won't disappear and more
and more people Who are unafraid to think
are beginning to have doubts about these
programs and the caliber of the groups, they
are attracting."
Dr. Max Levin, psychiatrist and neurolo-
gist, reviewed in current Medical Digest a
book that was edited by two of our nation's
"sex experts," Doctors Isadore Rubin and
ter Kirkendall. The following excerpt from
that review strikes at the heart of their
twisted logic:
i Rubin says, "The core of the ethical prob-
lsm is not whether a boy or girl remaiisa or
does not remain a virgin, but whether sex is
used exploitatively and self-centeredly, pr in
a j meaningful and dignified way."
Kirkendall says, "When it comes $a%
in a relationship, the girl has several ress-
questions: If I have intercourse, n It
ake my relationship with the boy stronger?
That will he think of me? Will I pleasO hem
or will I lose his respect?"
All this sounds so reasonable that i 3108
al seductive appeal. Pattenkofer (in the BYn-
and the Sexual Revolution, ed. M.
hur, Indiana U. Press), tells us of the
satisfaction it gave to a perplexed high hool
her. Like other high school (and ooi-
1 ge) teachers, she hadn't found it ealsy: to
I
field the questions of her students in the
area of premarital behavior.
Pettenkofer writes that he was "much con-
cerned" when the teacher told him "that
Kirkendall's ideas had been such a help to
her." She said, "Now I have an answer: I
just tell the girls and boys that they have
to consider both side's of the question: Will
sexual intercourse strengthen or weaken
The above is just a sampling ... perhaps
you are not convinced, so allow met to pre-
sent some more evidence.
When General William F. Dean was re-
leased from a Communist prison camp, the
Chinese psychologist who had been trying to
brainwash him said: "General don't feel bad
about leaving us . . we will soon be with
you. We are going to destroy the moral char-
their relationship?" acter of a generation of your young Ameri-
This, mind you, was not a college teacher; . qa~ and when we have finished, you will
it was a high school teacher. One can imagine" have nothing with which to really defend
the turmoil in the mind of a high school
girl; in the afternoon, she heard? irdm her
teacher that the question hag tWb sides, and
now in the evening she is being propositioned
by her boyfriend who e,ssures her that inter-
course will strengths (their relationship.
The criteria proposed by Rubin and Kir-
kendall are unso d, indeed naive, for they
presuppose a per to foretell the future. A
girl contempt ng intercourse, says Kirken-
dall, must ssk herself, "Will it make my
with the boy stronger?" Even
relationsh
if she essed the wisdom of Solomon, she
would b unable to foretell the answer. Ru-
bin and irkendall don't tell us what the girl
should o if her forecast of a strengthened
relati hip backfires. You can make a hit
with yo ngsters if you tell them they're en-
tirely their own, but few are mature
enough to assess the pros and cons of sex
Orth Pharmaceutical echoes the socio-
logical bage from Rubin and Kirkendall
in their news release to physicians dated
Noveanbe 13, 1968: "In counseling college
students cing stresses arising from chang-
ing sexual titudes and practices, the physi-
cian, rather an espousing a 'thou shalt not'
philosophy, m t help the student face the
basic questions 'Will this behavior hurt you
or those you love. ~VG'ill it be good for you?'
You see, Mary Jane, rtho isn't like those
other cold blooded c;oo pprations. Ortho has
The results obtained from ex education in
the lower grades ors exactly pposite from
what the sexologists claim. We\ are sexually
deprived and sick, they say, and a SIECUS
crowd considers itself ordained to traighten
us out But Communists, you know, always
claim to be doing the opposite of what they
There I go blaming the Communists gain.
Your Editor has been accused of see a
Communist under every bed and now am
seeing them in the beds as well.
What is the evidence?
SIECUS (Sex Information and Educati
Council of the United States) Is the Big
of this smut ring is one Isadore Rubin.
Rubin was identified on May 3, 1955 in sworn
testimony before the House Committee on
Un-American Activities as a member of the
Communist Party. Rubin is also Editor of a
dirty little magazine called Sexology. (How
do these titles grab your libido: "My desire
for Both Sexes," "An Incest-haunted Mar-
riage," "Women Who Have Many Climaxes,"
and "Fifteen Ways to Get More Out of Sex")
This pornographer's trash is now being re-
vised so it can be used in our nation's
surprisingly, he is a big wheel in the National
Council of Churches,
Reverend Joseph F. Fletcher, Profg6sor of
Ethics (of all things) at Cambridg Episco-
pal Theological School, works oM ely with
the ") eelthy pictures" crow et SIECUS. He
has been a member of 13 Communist fronts
and Herbert Philbriek, former FBI under-
cover agent, testiflecl: "Joe Fletcher worked
with us on Communist Party projects and an
enormous number of tasks."
yourselves against us."
Still not convinced? Consider this from re-
porter Jack Mabley writing in the Fort Worth
Star Telegram:
"A town In Western Poland was the scene
of a grotesque gathering in the late spring of
1954. Communist agents had gone through
prisons throughout Russia and Poland,
rounding up hundreds of sex criminals, per-
verts and prostitutes. All were transported
to this Polish town.
Simultaneously the Communists took into
the town scores of Red movie and still pho-
tographers and thousands of feet of film. The
criminals were turned loose In the town, and
for 10 days, there was an incredible orgy.
The photographers recorded everything.
These prints were taken to a port in Turkey.
They were put on a ship which several weeks
later put in at Mobile. There the pictures
were unloaded. American intelligence agents,
who later traced these pictures to their origin,
were unable to follow their course from Mo-
bile.
However, it is established that they fanned
out through the United States, and were put
into the hands of youngsters through por-
nography dealers. Today these pictures, and
the literally millions of reproductions that
were made from them, are poisoning the
minds of countless young Americans. This
was the aim of the Communist agents."
"The story sounds fantastic and yet I per-
sonally cannot question the source. Rational
people just aren't ready to believe that the
pornography racket is part of a Red plot to
undermine American morals ... Yet the evi-
dence is too solid to be shrugged off."
So Isadore Rubin, a Communist, is pro-
moting "sex education" in our schools. That
doesn't make sex education and all the
raunchy movies and plays a Communist plot,
now does it? An official publication of the
Italian Communist Party, called Journal Cin-
ema, would disagree:
"The film and theater production of today
are really typical bourgeois phenomena. The
bourgeoisie have now reached the final state
in their advance toward decadence and show
up their inherent rottenness as they surren-
der all claims to standard bearers of respon-
sibility. We are not in the least bit Interested
in stopping do (sic) this. Why place any
obstacles in their path? We are interested in
encouraging this type of play. We want to
encourage this sort-of production. As a tech-
nical policy our aim Is to defend an enter-
prise that is pornographic and entirely free
of the restrictions of . ordinary moral rules.
We must be resolute In pursuing this course,
even more so in plays being shown that at-
tempt to condone homosexuality."
Where does the National Education As-
sociation, the cultivators of the minds of
our children, and the American Medical As-
sociation, the organized voice of American
medicine, stand in regard to this obscene in-
vasion of our schools, this rape of innocent
young minds? This may stretch your cre-
dulity, but they have taken their stand
bravely and firmly with the smutologists of
SIECUS!
Naturally, most of these bumble heads
in the NCC, the NEA and the AMA who have
aligned themselves with Ellis, ("Religion
seriously sabotages mental health." "Reli-
gion is neurosis," etc.); Fletcher ("For me
there is no religion at all") ; Kirkendall ("A
tremendous feeling of natural unity . , . is
immoral"), and the rest of these sick, homo-
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP71 B00364R000300130002-9