LETTER TO DR. ALBERT D. WHEELON FROM DONALD F. HORNIG

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP71B00822R000100150006-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 22
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 29, 2004
• Sequence Number: 6
• Publication Date: July 6, 1965
• Content Type: LETTER

July 6, . 1965
Dr. Land plans to hold the first meeting of his reconnaissance
panel on July 21 beginning at 9:00 am in Room 303 of the Executive
Office Building. Its purpose is to review the general requirements,
the operational programs and new plans and concepts for overflight
reconnaissance. Dr. McMillan has been requested to discuss the
national reconnaissance programs and plans along the lines of the
attached agenda and we will appreciate your assistance by providing
discussions on those topics of particular interest to you as indicated
on the agenda. The Panel would like to hear from contractors in
the briefings as much as practicable, and in particular, it wishes to
have contractor presentations for that portion of the agenda dealing
with high resolution search concepts. I would appreciate your
instructing accordingly.
Dr. Land plans to conduct agenda items 1 and 4 as round table
discussions. He has asked Richard M. Bissell to make some intro-
ductory remarks on general requirements and has invited the
Director of Central Intelligence to give his views on these items.
Please -let me know if I can be of assistance to you in prepar-
ation for this meeting.
NRO and USAF review(s)
completed.
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Sincerely,
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NRO
Donald F. Hornig
Special Assistant for
Science and Technology
Dr. Albert D. Wheelon
Deputy Director for
Science and Technology
Central Intelligence Agency
2430 E Street, N. W.
y. o copies
Enclosure
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Washington, D. G. SECRET
WASHINGTON
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AGENDA
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1. Intelligence requirements as they relate to overflight reconnaissance.
A general discussion of requirements as expressed by USIB and as translated
into specific objectives for the National Reconnaissance Program, particularly
with regard to resolution and coverage, quick response, low vulnerability and
to our capabilities for supporting crises management and active war situations.
Panel Chairman 1 hour
2. The National Reconnaissance Program. An outline review of all NRC)
.programs and R /D plans to include photographic, Elint and mapping activities.
A brief summary of the mode of operation, capability, and costs of operational
systems and a discussion of the capability of present and planned projects to
meet intelligence requirements. A discussion of NRO organization for
operations and research and development.
Director, NRO
3. New concepts of particular panel interest. System description and
capability, funding requirements, interaction with present operational
programs.
Search Systems
High resolution follow-ons to Corona:
Eastman Kodak
Itek
4. A general discussion of outstanding technical pa obleme,
unsatisfied intelligence requirements.
Panel Chairman
Series B:
1-D/TECH/OSA
2-D/FA/OSA
3-PS/OSA
Approved
1 hour
30 min.
30 min.
15 min.
30 min.
program deficiencies.,
30 min.
Cy, 94,of copie s
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CONTENTS
Tab.
1. OXCART Briefing Note
2. OXCART Aircraft Status and Flight Hour Significant Information
3. Demonstrated Reliability Chart
4. Modification Program Objectives
5. Modification Program Aircraft Schedule
6. Flight Test Current Effort
7. Significant Camera Flight Summary
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NRO
Camera System Characteristics
1 9. Eastman-Kodak Camera System Characteristics
10. Hycon System Characteristics
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Briefing Charts to Use in Briefing
1. BLACK SHIELD Coverage Chart
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NRO
Charts As Background For Use If Required
1. Eastman and Hycon Camera
characteristics.
2. Samples of Photography
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BRIEFING
FOR
PSAC LAND PANEL
15 MINUTES
PROGRAM BACKGROUND AND CURRENT OBJI,CTIVES/REQUIRM ;NT3
PROBLEMS
Inlet, electronic inlet control ,., debugging aircraft systems
and components. equipment reliability and range performance
Summary status
Objective to standardize latest configuration to improve range,
reliability, structural strength, 25X1
25X1 I land increase mission duration caps y.
0
Plan, intended operationalooverage, expected performance and statue
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Validate BLACK SIIIELD aircraft and systems performance and reliability
aircraft and
Optomize/systems performance and range
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 1
first ilic'ht occurred
At Dresent we have a two place trainer aircraft, 2 flight test aircraft.
operated by Lockheed and 8 operational configured aircraft under Dotachment
control. Two aircraft have been lost in crashes.
All aircraft have flown more than 1380 flights and 1950 hours.
(A chart on breakdown of significant times will be available)
Qurrant 0biectiye jRenqjremot e develop: a capability to enable deplo_rm ent
of aircraft to Kadena, Gkinawa, this fall if needed as a contingency to
back-up other collection systems for use against China ardSEA.
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1. PROGRAM BACKGROUND AND CURRENT 0BJECTIVTPS/REQUIRT:MI;NTSs
OXCA T rwas started in 1959 as a successor to the U-2 and contrActor
go-ahead given in February 1960.
Svstoms Mach 3.2 aircraft capable of flying in excess of 80,600 feat
with a range of over 4,000 some and in?Yorpora-::ing
minimum radar cross section features to reduce enemy detect1j .
Sensor equipment: camera with 60 nm swath and 1 ft reaolutl-a Y.
The maior Brob1em over the past two years has boon to Llie .11
;
inlet to DerCgM acceptably and reliably. In addition to incoaroorat~.cr.
of fixes to the inlet, we concurred in Kelly Johnson's rocommerdat.on to
install a baGk_ur~r}7~ot cozltroJ undergoing test and dc~bu . i~nce
We bp_ievo that Kelly understands the problem and is on the ri.r, trs,.k.
In addition, we have reached a point where we are getting down to th
simple basics of debugging the aircraft systems to give us the reliability
needed for operational use. The trend has boon slow but proceeding in the
direction of improved reliability and performance. Unfortunately. Kfdlyfs
preoccupation with the inlet problems slowed-down a concerted attack on
the debugging problems until recently. Range performance optotrizing has
been x3mw slow due to the foregoing problem effort but high on the priority
flight test requirement list.
3? DETACHMENT:
The ma or a cra systems-systems, suc as e INS, _ A a
The major problem in th D t ~A
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performing reasonably well. The two primary camera systems, Perkin-In-3r
and Eastman-Kodak, have performed ups to expectations. A third camera
system a 481 Hycon system, now is undergoing flight test. No u.-usual
problems have been encountered in window temperatures though we have n-ot
flown sustained ~3E Mach 3.2 flights. We' Xiz1C to no robLems.
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aircraft through a modification sw program and in the air fcr
reliability validation flyig.
4. AIRCRAFT MODIFICATION PROGRAM
Detachment aircraft are undergoing standarcize
configurations intended to improve rang re a ity, structruza
strength, provide electronic counter measure capability and incrEait;e
mission duration capability.
(A chart will he available amplifying this)
Following receipt of aircraft from the modification program,
the Detachment will perform validation and operational reacY_nesa
confirmation flying and evaluation. Two modified aircraft have
been received by the Detachment and two more will be available
this month.
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Plan to de l0 3 modified aircraft, pilots, people and equi1rio.at.
o Kadena, Okinawa, for sixty day stagings. SA( wiai-
suppo this staging with KC-135 tankers and the Air Force with
airlift and f i s . This movement of aircraft, people 25X1
and equipment will result in an Inability to perform,
simultaneously Cuban S ARK) missions If a pertnausnt
staging to Kadona occurs or a SKYLARK capability is rocuired simLU,ineous-
ly, we must of more people and
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(Display Black S)ii=eld CovoraLoi4 ap ChlirO
This range toted And operational planning is based on conservative
minimum demonstrated capability performance of the aircraft.(Opt=)m;_~.ation
of range and perfvvmance is still underway and being pursued by to
two flight test aircraft under Lockheed direction and control.)
6.
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SUMMARY FUTURE OBJECTSVES
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We now are deeply involved in operational planning and aircraft
performance and reliability validation program of Detachment aperat:anal
aircraft to meet a BLACK SHIELD or similar requirement this yoar.
The flight test aircraft program, under Kelly Johnson, is to he
continuously involved in optomizing systems performance and range
improvements through increa$ing longer range flights in additLon
to work in direct support of BLACK SHIELD aircraft validatiot and
problem areas.
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Assets: 11 Aircraft Total
8 Assigned Operational -
2 Assigned Flight Test -
1 Trainer
6 In Modification
2 Post Mod Test Flight
2 Flying
1 Flying
Experience: A. Total Total Max. Mach 2.0 Mach 2.6 Mach 2.8 Mach 3.0 Mach 3.2
Summary Flights Hours Alt.
1378 1945:25 85,700 393:00 172:05 108:19 40:25 8:02
B.
10 Significant Flights
Aircraft Flight
Max.
'Date Alt. Mach 2.0 Mach 2.6
125
141
17 June 82,000
2:15
2:00
146
30 June 80,500
2:00
1:50
128
86
5 May 82,000
1:30
1:00
91
25 May 83,000
2:00
1:45
129
85
27 Jan. 82,000
1:30
1:27
114
4 June 84,000
1:10
1:07
119
16 June 84,000
:55
:45
123
25 June 84,000
:50
:40
131
44
2'1 may 83,500
i:05
:55
45
7 June 83,000
1:10
1:05
Mach 2.8
Mach 3.0
Mach 3.2
1:10
1:00
:50
:35-
:55
:50
1:00
:40
1:15
1:05
1:02
1:00
:40
:35
:30
:37
:33
:30
.40
1:00
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iJ DEMONSTRATED ;RELIABILITY
15 March - 30 April 1965
1 May - 25 June 1965
No. Flts. No. Success Success
No. Flts.
No. Success
Success
35
16
Subsystems:
Inlet
33
Engine
35
33
94
36
35
Inertial
Navigation
29
Stability &
Control
35
35
-100
36
36
100
Hydraulics
35
35
100
36
36
100
Camera I & II?
10.
10
100
8
8
100
Airframe Interface
29
19
65 '
36
32
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9
 Objectives:
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Examples:
MODIFICATION PROGRAM
1.' Improve Range
2. Improve Reliability
3. Structure - strength
5. Increase Mission Duration Capability
1. Lockheed Inlet Control
2. Fuel Management
3. 450 Knot Climb
4. Fuselage Strength'
25X9 5.
6. Expendables Capacity
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 Current Effort:
1. Support Operational Commitments
2. Optimize Inlet
3. Optimize Performance
4. Demonstrate Range
5. Evaluate Durability
6. Optimize Engine Power Control
Demonstrated Range: 2580 Nautical Miles @ Mach 3.1, 81,000 Ft. Altitude
Expected Range 3000-3500 Nautical Miles @ Mach 3.2, 76,000 to 85,000 Ft. Altitude
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 p - Equip. Failure
1 - Successful
2 - \ot Attempted-`
3 - Sat, with Mal. F.
Ap r~leYRkFfd~asM0047UVM : lA- DP71BOO82, R0001O001500
~L~~~-16 J G d.y 1
`TYPE II
1253 3/16 19 1
128 4/16 . 75 T
3
1254 4
1255 4/21 70 T3
r',AX. SPEED M=3.01
MAX. ALT. 80?000
7. SUCCESSFUL 100
TOTAL 6.6 HRS.`
125
1259
1260 -
5118 21
6 4 77
t !ry trey( TOTAL 6.7 HRS.
7. SUCCESSFUL 100
FAX. SPFE'n M-3, 15-I :.
MAX. ALT. 81,000
105 5J11 66
106 5/19 --
107 5/26 19
108 6/2 65
109 6/17 50
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16-6
G I bY1
5 5/11 13 ? 1
6 5/25 42 3
7 5/28 13 0
S1Y< ' TOTAL 2.2 HRS, -
% SUCCESSFUL 33
MAX. SPEED 3.1)
MAX. ALT. 83,0DO
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SYSTE J Or L. R:-ACTERISITCS
Camera System
Camera Type
Lens
Window
Lens Film Resolution
Ground Resolution
Lens Field Angle
Film
Nominal Weight
Range
Swath Width
Exposure Settings
Stabilization
Panoramic Alternate Imaging
Rotating Mirror Dual Panoramic Slit
18", f/3.8 Filter =12 Yellow
Double Pane Vacuum 19" x 13" 2 ea.
200 lines/mm across Field
1' Nadir to 1.6' at 45?
200 Flight Direction
5000' x 6.6" 3404 Emulsion Thin Base
600 lbs. Incl. Film
2500 N.M.
60 N.M. 134? (67? .+ 210 Each Camera)
1/50 to 1/660 Variable
3 Axis Gimbal
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Camera System
Camera Type
Lens
Window
Lens Film Resolution
Ground Resolution
Lens Field Angle
Film
Nominal Weight
Range
Swath Width
Exposure Settings
SYSTEM CHARACTERISITCS
Panoramic Convergent Stereo 600 Coverage'
Slit, Swinging Mirror Transverse to Flight Line
7 Element 21" f/4.0 Refractor Filter #25 Red
22" x 23" x .6 Fused Silica
130 lines/mm Low Contrast Lens Axis
1.3 - 1.6 At Nadir to 2.5' - 3' at 45?
Fore and Aft 200 (Stereo Angle
17?)
638 lbs. including Film But Not Hatch
3682 N.M. (at 85,000') 2 Hrs. 10 Min.
56 N.M. (at 85,000') 126? (63? + 30? Ea. Camera)
1/25, 1/50, 1/100, 1/200, 1/400
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SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS
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Camera System
Camera Type
Lens
Window
Lens Film Resolution
Ground Resolution
Lens Field Angle
Film
Nominal Weight
Range
Swath Width
Exposure Settings
Stabilization
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Framing 7 Position
Indexing Mirror Focal Plane Shutter
48" f/5.6 Filter #12, r16, r30
3 Ea. Single Glazing
80 Lines/mm Low Contrast
1 Ft. on Nadir
21?
2 Rolls 91" x 6000' 3400 or SO 206 Thin Base
890 Lbs. -
1710 N.M. to 8,550 N.M. Variable Swath
47 N.M. 1210
1/40 to 1/1000
Gyro 3 Axis Gimbal
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UNCLASSIFIED
"'Dr. Edwin H. Land (Chairman)
President
Polaroid Corporation
730 Main Street
Cambridge, Massachusetts .02139
Dr. James Gilbert Baker
Harvard Observatory
Harvard University
Cambridge 38, Massachusetts
L Dr. Sidney D. Drell
Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
Stanford, California 94305
Richard L. Garwin
IBM-Watson Laboratory
612 West 115th Street
New York, New York 10025
VDr. Donald P. Ling
Executive Director .
Military Research Division
? Bell Telephone Laboratories
Whippany, New Jersey '07981
i,Dr., Allen E. Puckett
Hughes Aircraft Company
Aerospace Engineering Division
Culver City, California 90230
'fir. Edward M. Purcell
Department of Physics
Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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 1 Albert Hill, Professor of Physics, MIT. 2 Detlev Bronk Presi-
dent, Rockefeller Institute. 3 Edwin Land, President, P:-loroid.
4 1. I. Rabi, Professor of Physics, Columbia. 5 Robert Becher,
Professor of Physics, CalTech. 6 James Killian, Special A,sistant
to President Eisenhower for Science & Technology. 7 JamE s Fisk,
Executive VP, Bell Labs. 8 Jerome Wiesner, Director, MIT Re-
search Lab of Electronics. 9 Jerrold Zacharias, Profe sor of
Physics, MIT. 10 Caryl Haskins, President, Carnegie Institution.
11 Edward Purcell, Professor of Physics, Harvard. 12 Hugh Dry-
den, Deputy Administrator, NASA. 13 William Baker, Research
VP, Bell Labs. 14 Alan Waterman, Director, National Science
Foundation. 15 George Kistiokowsky, Professor of Chemistry,
Harvard. 16 Emanuel Piore, Research Director, IBM. 17 James
Doolittle, Vice President, Shell Oil. 18 Lloyd Berkner, President,
Associated Universities, 19 Herbert York, Chief Scientist, ARPA.
20 Hans Bet he, Professor of Physics, Cornell.
I John Tukey, Professor of Mathematics, Princeton. 2 Jerome
Wiesner, Dean of Science, MIT. 3 Donald Hornig, Wrecto., Of-
fice of Science and Technology. 4 Colin MacLeod, Deputy Direc-
tor OST. 5 Jerrold Zacharias, Professor of Physics, M?T. 6
Frederick Seitz, Preside'pt, National Academy of Sciences. 7 Det-
lev Bronk, President, Rockefeller Institute, 8 Wolfgang Panof-
sky, Director, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. 9 Paul Doty,
Professor of Chemistry, Harvard. 10 Harvey Brooks, Dean of
Engineering & Applied Physics, Harvard. 11 Richard Gorwin,
Watson Research Lab, Columbia-IBM. 12 Edwin Gilliland. Pro-
fessor of Chemical Engineering, MIT, 13 1. 1. Robi Professor of
Physics, Columbia. 14 Franklin Long, rofef Chemistry.
Cornell. 15 William McE ro mrman, Department of flu logy,
Johns Hopkrns. ib o nn alvin, Professor of Chemistry, Cali-
Approved For Release 2004/07/7ia her i8 ;n xecutrve ecrae , PsAC Mira be,;
not shown: P_haia Handler Duke. Johm-Pierc, Bell Labs. E-
word PurcelL Harvard. Herbert York, California-San Diego.
 p`lavt d_ Fo r__ Release 2A0 /P,7( 0111 "V -),
1 Albert Hill, Professor of Physics, MIT. 2 Detlev Bre, k, Presi
dent, Rockefeller Institute. 3 Edwin Land, President, Polaroid
4 1. 1. Rabi, Professor of Physics, Columbia. 5 Rober 8acher_
Professor of Physics, CalTech. 6 James Killian, Special Assistant
to President Eisenhower for Science & Technology. 7 James Fisk.
Executive VP, Bell Labs. 8 Jerome Wiesner, Director, MIT Re
search Lab of Electronics. 9 Jerrold Zacharias, Professor at
Physics, MIT. 10 Caryl Hoskins, President, Carnegie Institution.
11 Edward Purcell, Professor of Physics, Harvard. 12 Hugh Dry
den, Deputy Administrator, NASA. 13 William Baker, Research
VP, Bell Labs. 14 Alan Waterman, Director, Nation* Science
Foundation. I5 George Kistiakowsky, Professor of Chemistry,
Harvard. 16 Emanuel Poore, Research Director, IBM. 17 James
Doolittle, Vice President, Shell Oil. 18 Lloyd Berkner, President,
Associated Universities. 19 Herbert' York, Chief Scientist, ARPA.
20 Hans Bathe, Professor of Physics, Cornell.
II,- .- ilk: -s Lam.,, _.
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I John Tukey, Professor of Mathematics, Princeton. 2 Jerome
Wiesner, Dean of Science, MIT. 3 Donald Hornig, Dire(tor, Of-
fice of Science and Technology. 4 Colin MacLeod, Depvy Dire-
for OST. 5 Jerrold Zacharias, Professor of Physics, MIT. 6
Frederick Seitz, President, National Academy of Sciences. 7 Det-
lev Bronk, President, Rockefeller Institute. 8 Woliganc Panof-
sky, Director, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. 9 Paul Dot ,
Professor of Chemistry, Harvard. 10 Harvey Brooks, Dean of
Engineering & Applied Physics, Harvard. 11 Richard Garwin,
Watson Research Lab, Columbia-IBM. 12 Edwin Gillila?id, Pro-
fessor of Chemical Engineering, MIT. 13 1. L Rabi Professor of
Physics, Columbia, 14 Franklin Long, r sor of C1 cmistr>.
Cornell. 15 William Mc ran, Department of Biology,
Johns Hopkins. 16 Mo valvin, Professor of Chemist; y, Cali-
for rt$_ 7 e1 f emistry,
Narrar . - zocuttra ecretary, SAC. Members
not shown: Philia Handlor Duke. John Pierce" Bell L:.ebs. E.
ward Purce Harvard. Herbert York, California-San Diet,o.
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