COMMUNISM GHOST HAUNTS GUATEMALA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP74-00297R001400610005-8
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 11
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 26, 2013
• Sequence Number: 5
• Publication Date: March 3, 1960
• Content Type: OPEN SOURCE

Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/07/26 : CIA-RDP74-00297R001400610005-8
0
Communism t3host
.Haunts *Guatemala
? ?
By =MY N. TAYLOR.
? GUATEMALA CITY, Feb. I.?Guatemala today
? Is almost too tranquil to be true.
Six years ago this for all practical puma*s was
a Communist colony, the first and only one ever es-
tablished in America's home hemisphere. Five years
ago Cluateznaia had become the only country in 'tin
world ever to shift back to the anti?Cornmunist.side.,
The late John Foster Dulles credited
the overthrow of Communist rule here to
"the Just wrath of the Guatemalan people."
Communists howled that "the Guatemalan
people's light Lot tr.,eclom was crushed by
a massive Yankee invasion."
The fart is the vast?maJority of Guate-
melons had no Idea that the deposed presi-
dent Jacob? Arbenz was a Communist
stooge. Mr. Arbenz's army simply refused
to fight against a tough but tiny invasion
mounted by anti-Communist Col. Carlos
. pact i'mvis
Castillo Anne. 4 ?
wag etliy side jeep * Gos11111111. ea
'
*MS ?
' itellige ti herean= Se begailist
, AN 4110114111404. Mr. .Y4101444.1ippeare In fhb o Vale
, IWO Ail 414* 'Midas,. ? : .,
kale ihernt SWUM NOM ale he AddLiktlis
Wise. MS. 'Moo Jaw Arersie la Oda est Anew time
Vetes?Uresyhr lista #es'i Mak they ose aWt IS Ma
sney sail Nis peek .sesse with the pomp.
.? : ? . - ... -.
6:itryult alr-1111 I rail 41111 111411"007. 4-__YOtk _die
co.. the Meirleke, sews* mom , Plillyst ouR
sailles,. Wisp .. Mr and is this orrustrYs
. WIIIMA411111110 . . , _
M the
.,--v as=s As as 'astute pherab.,
N irizzlnisa *
s manise here. a leaf
Mem le deaSsetale. . , -
? - , Tat. bewth this rosy political surface. the sober feet
1 is that net met is hsppenbut hem in Oostende tostorreet
. the baste tees it natIond litowhitb posited temmoidans
* Melt Itself bt the lisst plies.
., 1 1 illk 111
t,
?
Mao* the UMW nue* WOO Guatienalen troployeas
as paid twice the national emit* rata and set minim
? health tare and schoolin4 hundreds of timer* it ether
fein 'when sire 31 tests a day. The east hunt
it orsolth?and .shoost afi Guatemala's poltoical 113,41*?
Mein, in a law neaboasitflese hands.'
United States ald. ISO tellies from a vssisiegly tidal
emigres' erus the Reds were overthrown bare in 1 has
been voted in suck quantity it could scarcely be spent here.
Only $10 minion is left in the pipeline. Most of it has gone
for roads and rural development. This provided a lot of
jobs. But it also leaves President Ydigorits eager for even
more money to develop mdubArtes, now that the roads are
mostly finished,
? ' Of course, struggling democracy is healthier for Guate-
mala than communism. But in the long run?with the rich
? here getting richer and the poor getting children?diplomats
wonder how long it will be Were Guatemala has another
-evolution which will represent the "just wrath" of an im-
loverished people, and not just one more displacement at a
linority government from the top.
norlacCifiari and Approved For Release 2013/07/26 CIA-RDP74-00297R001400610005-8
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/07/26: CIA-RDP74-00297R001400610005-8
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AL A
Env peclassified and Approved For Release 2013/07/26: CIA-RDP74-00297R001400610005-8
I V 1 fa ilwririrru nign -
How Castro's Hate
Campaign Against
U. S. Is Spreading
ft. HENRY N. TAYLOR
Scrlops-lloward Staff Writer
liAVANA, 22.?When a North American
(11,,,, into Havana Airport nowadays, there still are
-?:tying 'Welcome Amigo," and three grinning
plunk a gay rhumba. But walk 20 yards
le this country and the next sign says: "Give
tor planes to resist foreign aggression."
cie the parking lot, two platoor.s of -
re being marched around in columns
..i.c splice-heeled airline salesgirls tramp-
overalied mechanics. All have
, aces, even when two khakied young
.:1 command confusedly cause the col-
?? ) coide.
This is no comic opera matter. Fidel
Castro has proclaimed Cuba "Is under
attaeti, and we will tight to the laat
breath." To him it is Concord and Lex-
ingt.m, and the day atter Pearl Harbor.
; lb.'s Crt,e t:1:?iking the way some
?s- c-a:1 founding fathers may
:;.!it wi;er, t.'ic? chase our own -finst super-defenuve
.:.:v flag, a cc.:, d. rattle.snake with the challenge, 'Don't
1! r
A !i'(E. traizeu? rev rnv in the making here, a tragedy of
-r- riv.,wlon?tel,itling
snow you indhidual Americans are not to blame for the
bi.n, ring awl sabotage which your government directs against
as a Cubait student, la the same way Americans used to
' Its not the German people we hate, but only Hitler."
?Ti?,t. my government doesn't murder people
I:
an I do,' Cubans shake their heads and say. "You
Aren the crred bodies atter that weapons ship
oilIatrd."
TAYLOR
? ?
?
'Big Lie' Technique Used Freely
(7:,,tro had admitted he has no proof that the
U -1 explosion of a French froighter was planned
hv tH. I 'nited States, or even that it was sabotage.
But .? :old the Cubans they should blame an "ag-
r.t.., .? JOS t interested in preventing arms deliver-
t.. Cuba. namely Uncle Sam. And what Fidel
llore goes.
N., prep.,terous.ness is too much for Castro's propagandists.
Pie Cubans are being told that President Eisenhower's recent
I atm 11nerit4u trip was to organize an armed crusade against
'
ice: nie:;! trwlk 0% Pr 83 r?-' o and television slattons
f; ."uhars Y'nreI have b en fed an increasing diet of
patr:-)t seems the order of the day here. Switch
a ; 0 aid the air is full of rewritten history, including the
ar !hr 1898 oar ahich made Cuba independent was a
conspiracy to prevent Cubans from winning their
,tdorr, (ruin S;Yrdin. It's as it Cast; cis .-egime were de-
ten tn Cuba aerift frost net past aid to more this
: r',Ix rn.:1:0:1 people out from under the stifling
r CA171
. h! f.(. Castro's r.sing retat:onthip nith Russia
. ?1 So far. It seems les. a ...en for Commit-
'13'. a rirria:-atImi of independence to spilt. the U. S. The
('(her imniges leftuard. are 'o "teach Uncle
? ?
'
U. S. Tourists Staying Away
Some recent situations would he funny if they
weren't no sad. Havana's marbled hotels, onee
abustle with Cuba's $50 million tourist income. now
Castro's Tourist Committee has spent more than $1 million on
attractive advertisements in U. S. publications, only to bury
there under yards ef scare stories about a "militant people"
alert to "repel invasion."
PrIvatelY, a few Cubans now tell you they think -Washing-
....4on has been remarkably patient. But even the middle cia,s,
which has come Into quiet opposition to Castro, feels the U S
has been either careless or unlucky lately in a propaganda souse.
For one thing, the fire-bombings of Cuban sugar cane fields,
presumably from Florida, continue. Wastitagten keeps arguing
that It's almost Impossible to prevent Cuban exiles or mercenary
Americans now and then from flying 50 minutes south from on*
of flotilla's 210 small air fields. But the Cubans don't under-
stand this.
Then there is JoFe Elenterlo Pedrata. a Cuban exile ger, v
arm last month was admitted to the United States &spit( a
record as one of ex-Dictator Batista's hloochest henchnie:i. The
State Department explains tha., Pedraza had a y alit! fcur-car
yisitor's visa, dating from Batista days, and could not t.e Farrici
Toe ,nriblished fact is that a State Department circular ad
asked all ports to bar relita711 on sight. visa or no acts Bit
somewhere Imm gration Department gate-watchers sipped
are tomb-silent.
? ? ?
May Be Last Attempt
? Such things make the job of Ambassador. Philip
Bonsai?just back in Havana?harder than ever. He
will be making a new?and perhaps last?atternpt
do business with Castro.
The atmosphere has not been helped by the defection ,1
Comdr. Miguel Pons, Ci.ba's naval attache in Washinetni.,
with the accusation that Fidelismo is a mask benind
hides international Commitnism."
lUghUy or wrongly. moat Cubans seem to regard C-ommander
Tons' action ,bout the way Americans might have felt after oor
171d revolution if John Paul Jones had Jumped ship in London and
announced th.., George Washington was a tool of Mon.'.' hl?t
l'ranee.
"notions are runnuig high in BaA'ans today.
? - -
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mobes.- ?? - eb
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Foreign News
How Ike Got That Whiff of
The Post and Tintee-Star's correspondent misit Presidest
issewhiposer was among test-passed stades* denwirstreders in
His dispatch provides ?iiindficont twolfhe Wit
the Meidevt.
?
ST ZAIZY TAY1L011. Seeppe-lieward111 Whir
MONTIVIDICO: About 7$ 'Welds 'were atinding
grisly inside the law school of Mosievedie ihdeeinity,
behind iron gates and a barricade if beachea. weitiNg
to bon President 'Eisenhower.
Overhead flattered tbeir lowdown in Hook beils4
painted letters: "imperial-
stay away."
Outlide on the sidewalk
behind a cordon if polien?
men with
b a y emitted
nfles stood
another 75
it
boys and
girls. evi-
dently angry
at both the
police and
students in-
side the
building.
Taylor
Here?for
the first time in Ike's 10,-
000-mile tour of Win
America?there might have
been real trouble.
-They're all Communists
Inside there," proclaimed a
student on the sidewalk.
"Hooray for Ike."
You're all fascists out
there," came a voice from
behind the barricade.
'Down with Yankee impe-
rialism. Hooray for Fidel
Castro."
LAM AMERICAN stu-
dents enjoy politics about
the tv3y t' S. college sopho-
rn..urs vt-.) for football.
'.1m? ,v:(1.() ) 01 e had
0,1 the t: n:vers!tv
r:rsflu'rt sornr sort if
Owed?sew other sup
posed grievance. Mist
about Guatemala?" shaded
from behind the
a bosky, bineohirtedbarrar
"What about Hungary'"
responded a girl in the
sidewalk poop. She en.
gained: "'They never talk
about Hungary. They claim
to represent all our stu-
dents' federation, but
they're only 7$ in there out
of 8500 in the university.
The majority are here on
the sidewalk."
"The majority are on va-
cation at the beach," cor-
rected a medical student.
"I just came ti watt* the
cops ihoot tear gas at those
Commies Inside."
THE ROW of policemen,
now fitted with stubby shot-
guns adapted for lobbing
tear gas containers, eyed
both groups of students
nervously. News had just
come of a riot at another
branch of the university
across town in which one
student was shot in the leg.
Everybody gazed down the
crowd-lined avenue toward
the approaching cheers and
motorcycle sirens
''l am anti-Communist
and I f.i%or Ike s
sa:d (?ne (4 the s,t;denrz
.Tear
steps announced. ' Loolk
that man riding with Ike
It's J.- Edgar Hoover. He
never goes any pines with.
out J. Edgar Hoover." (11
was actually Miguel Poen
Vilaro, a lofty Uruguayan
dignitary
A policemen sta7pe4
forward and politely de.
dared, "Virus* me. At Ode ?
pole* I meet sheet say tear
gas gen."
He did, with a thwunk
that sent the khaki canis-
ter clattering off the sec-
ond-floor shutter of the law
school, and falling back at
our feet in a plume of
asparagus green smoke.
Everything went suddenly
afog with tears.
Through the blur t.ou
could bPe an erect Ike flash
by in his open car. diplo-
maticallv concentratah; on
the ron-univcrsity side of
the avenue where the
mounted band 1411i
somf thing that s( uuled
like "Columbia, the of
the Otean "
FARTHER DOWN :he
street, Ike himself got a
%shift of the tear ga.),
his hand across his face
and sat down under the
backseat bubbletop.
'\'iva Fidel.- sobbed a
girl student, with mascara-
stained tears.
Som.-% here down t h e
sidewalk the crowd surged
t:rv.,r,1 the po'ce rvion
and the
, thy f r.r
1; i.? p:.?ii
EISENHOWER WIPES TEARS HUN
a!tfr whiff Of g as en i'merue;,,
tors' Why did Ike go visit
Franco" ?.our country has
20.000 troops in Spain now.
Why not march or, Madr.d
a, .1 Frlr.
, ? sv ?
EYES
said a stdent f: ,rn inside
the b?irred wir'inSt S. ?The
1 flied
e;?
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c:
ftt,
Bel.le he hurled a -no
capitalism"' after
'You are :411 4 orinol-
msts.'shounted an outside
student.
THEN BOTH groups of
students joined to shout in-
sults at the police.
People began drifting
home. Pretty soon there
were no more police. No
martyrs. No audience. No
Yankee imperialism. Noth-
ing but summer twilight,
and distant cheers for Ike.
110111110111 elf 'ware-
0 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/07/26: CIA-RDP74-00297R001400610005-8
JANUARY 31, 1960
'Robin Hood'
Turns Beatnik
By REMY TAYLOR
CARACAS ? Leaders of key Latin
American nations are beginning to see,
Fidel Castro less as a Cuban Robin Hood
and. more as a bombastic beatnik.
Reactions of presi-
dents and foreign min-
isters interviewed dur-
ing the past two weeks
in Panama, Costa
Rica, Guatemala, Nic-
aragua, Colombia and
Venezuela range from
puzzlement at Castro's
antics to outright con-
sternation.
These men would not
want their names to be
used in reporting their
feelings about Castro but.here is a sampi-
ling of private appraisals by some of
Latin iiierica s top statesmen:
?"Castto Is a tropical Peron with
rhumba beet."
?"I'm still convinced Castro's no Com-
munist. lie seems sincerely to love hie
people. but the trouble is in his mind that
the Cuban people and Castro have become
indistinguishable. He's a fallible human
being who insists his revolution is Intel-
'ible. The result is he has to blame some-
body for his goof and naturally he chooses
Uncle Sam."
TAYLOR
?"CASTRO'S MOVEMENT can't be
kept at boiling point forever. He hlif AO
stop wrecking and start building soon. Per-
sonally I haven't given up hope. Remember
how wild Nasser behaved at the beginning.
and now you have to admit he's doing
good for Egypt ? and apparently taming
his Communists, too."
At a time when the trend against di?.
tetors is sweeping Latin America, many.
:eaders fear the U. S. government ? Or
? Congress ? may be lured into turning
the cold shoulder on all progressive or
revolutionary movements. They were
therefore relieved at the patient tone of
President Eisenhower's latest statement
on Cuba
"Don't forget the propaganda Impact
down here of big Uncle Sam usaig pres-
sure tactics on a tittle guy." said the
president of one Latin natioi "Wis dis-?
like Corn nanists nee but RI- Id rig*
'economic imperiatsm' is s,tn dii; we
abhor even more Any blunt U S rt,V44
hich mould look like intervent, :.n in
Cuba wouni just unite Cubans and v her
Latins with them
ANOTHER NIGHTMARE 14 that Cas-
tro may be assassinated. lie's stepped on
so many toes by now, inside and outside
Cuba, that it would be almost impossible
to prove who was behind such an act.
Since CA g tro disbanded Cuba's profes-
sional army, there would be no organized
force to avert blood-letting which might
slain the Caribbean from Miami to Trini-
dad.
? Among inaeses in Latin America, Cas-
tro still sterns the crowd-pleaser. In al-
most every university you find students
who say, "What my own country needs is
another Castro to sweep out the rotten
mess."
Typical is Nicholas Danello, 25, a
Panama medical student. He flew to
Havana a year ago to help Cuban stu-
dents celebrate Cestro's victory. Since
then he has been arrested four times for
possessing firearms or otherwise threaten-
ing Panama's government. He's still a
student and a popalar one. Most non-
Cubans aren't that violent in their ad-
miration of Castro. But anti-beard disen-
chantment hasn't spread yet to the Latin
man in the street.
Working Qiietly behind the scenes, cer-
tain Latin leaders such as able President
Ftomulo Betaocourt of Venezuela have
been trying to give Castro fatherly advice
about going stow. They've suggested he
hold elections and hint he'd be wise to
keep better control over Cuban Commu-
nists.
CASTRO RAN RERUFPF:O such sug-
gestions. When ex-president Joie Figueres
of Costa Rice, a respected liberal went
to Havana On such a mission Castro in-
sulted him in public beget a mass meet-
ing.
Whenever Castro does bother to talk
seriously with other Latin leaders he
argues ttnt Dominican Republic dictator
Trujillo is raising an army to invade Cuba,
therefore Castro needs united support of
all Cubans. including Communists, to re-
pel this threat. He also says the U. S.
is the "bosom bedfellow of Trujillo."
What then do Latin leaders think the
U. S. should do about Castro? Go slow
? above all, don't blackjack him, they
t advise.
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The End Near
For Trujillo
By HOME N. TAYLOR
? Sesigrerifeward Malt We4tec
CIVDAD TRUJILLO, Dominican Repub-
lic, March IS?The old shark of the Carib-
bean. Generalissimo Rafael Leonidas Tru-
jillo, is washed up.
The end may not come tomorrow, though some
veteran observers bare are predicting It will be a
matter et weeks. Dktator Trujillo could defy the
odds and hens on for several
years.
But symptom* here suggest
that his $O years tyranny, plus
rather recent gross errors, have at
least pushed this man's regime
past this point of so return.
There is a death-smell about
this dictatorship.
Not on the surface, perhaps.
Shops still cringe under giant
signs proclaiming that 'God is
with Trujillo forever!" Newspapers Taylor
pay their daily tribute of flattery.
School children, dutifully quote from their text-
books that "El benefactor is the greatest an in
history."
? ? ?
Tactical Errors
BUT TRUJILLO HAS MADE at least three
irretrievable tactical errors, long time observers
here think. One was, as he grew older (13), to
carelessly get out of touch with his people. The
second was to let the economy deteriorate to a
point where citizens find it no longer necessary or
profitable to be dictated to. The third and most
stupid was to stomp on the toes of the Roman
Catholic Church.
The story behind this blunder began last De-
cember when police arrested a Catholic seminary
student on charges of constructing a bomb. Bishops
protested. but the seminarian stayed behind bars.
Then ,n January. tipped off about an assassina.
lion plot hatching arm ng nuddle-class Dominicans,
threw an est.,11X.ed 160f1 in jail including'
rroo her, of prominent tanulteh who viand them-
4. ? r?ictiffe.i. nak, 1, to 0tht s..ciall'es of the
?? ?, vt .0
? . *
Dig Purges
OF COURSS LARGE-SCALE police activity is
nothing new hese. In the three bloody decades of
? the Trujillo regime, It has "eliminated" an esti-
mated 13,000 Dominicans, neutral statistic:Mai cal-
culateui
ri all 'keg Trujillo also had been making
friends, following an old political maxim: "You
can take one helluva lot if you're careful to give
enough of it back to the right people."
. But here soddenly were hundreds et these
"right people" in jail. And here was the Church
primed to toads the dictator a lesson. Promptly
' from hundreds of pulpits came a bombshell in the
k form of a mineral letter telling Trujillo la effect
? to free these polttical prisoners.
Your Sundays later with specific support from
the Pope himself same another blast: "fa this
holy period of Lent," said every priest in Trujillo.
land, "we are reminded to be always prepared for
the last monteht et We."
0.
? ? ?
No Dismay
TRUJILLO HAS SHOWN no outward dismay
at this Warning. He's a veteran plot-smasher. He
has said: "When you read in the newspapers that
I am dead, then you'll know I have retired."
Sorne.diplomats here think. Trujillo still could
save himself by beginning an orderly traantion to
democracy, retiring, and disbanding kis secret
police, letting exiles return and Permitting free
elections. But few think this stubborn old tyrant
will give up so easily.
? For one thing, in the 30 years of gunpoint
adulation, which has produced some MG Trujillo
statues on this a:4U half-island, he appareeuy has
some to believe that he is loved.
:Dominicans under Trujillo have lived In a
gilded cage. He took over this hurrimme-flattened
country, modernised the sugar, cocoa and coffee
Industries, indreased exports $OO percent in $011
year garnered an estimated $411g million for
himself and $00 Metres,.
Gilt Peeling
NUT NOW THE GILT RAS begun to peel away
from the cage, making the iron bars embarmaingly
visible. Sugar income is down. The gala MG "Fair
? of the Free World" here flopped. In the past 12
months the dictator has squandered WI calla" on
arms. The moment tun of failure already had begun
to pick up before the fight with the Churdi started.
What happens next? The current plot has bees
pretty well foiled. But observers think the next
one may not be. A sort of race seems to be going
? on. .hatwaen .?Trujillo's moderate ftlaillidle-elaar
Ortectilfg? IVO Ur KtiatS?suePq1.10, .blevfgrinki
Castro to see who can supplant,the
? ? ?
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acrtsc %I1 V IFFOM1
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k3644e4-(*(1
NO HURRY
1
Latins Still
Delay Till
'Mariana'
By HENRY 14. TAYLOR
Scripps-Howard Stoll Writer
Ql'ITO, Ecuador?"Why
orry, why hurry?" said
the f riendly telephone
x?ciice from
the airport
here.- "Guay-
a o I I will
still be theie
ma nana."
To the
North Amer-
ican traveler,
who has
what he
thinks is ur-
gent business Mr. Taylor ,
in the rear by seaport of,
Cilayaquil, this paralyzing
word "manana"-. tomorrow
- becomes a Latin-American-
.
trademark.
Along with those other'
catch-words, "Siesta." "sun':
baked," and "underdevel.
oped," this word manana
yokes the lazy preconception
of a slow-motion continent,
where nothing can happen.
quickly except a revolution.
It's an unfair pre-concep.,
tion. In a hundred places and
C dozen ways. South Amer.. '
ica is outracing? itself to
build its manana today.
In liiazi1 whole cities
sprout overnight from the
tvilderness. At the southern
tip of Peru engineers have
bulldozed away more earth
than theie is on Manhattan
Island - to bare an under-
-ground mountain of copper,
But when it comes to such
daily drudgeries as tole-, ,
phones and taxis, office ap.
point menus and airplanes,,
the old "manana" concept,
isn't dead yet.
punctuality. Its more posi.
live, a regional sense of
values, based on sensible
awareness that, in the trop-
ics, haste often really does
make waste.
In Brazil. they will say:
"Momentinho," Portuguese .
for "just a minute, ?please.':
(In Mexico the phrase is -
"momentito," accompanied
by a pinching together of
thumb and forefinger, to
demonstrate how deliciously?
brief the delay will be. In
either place, of course, me.,,
mentito can turn out to
mean next Thursday.
Such checks on a Yankee
traveler's hell bent haste.
aren't delivered in the spirtt'
of: "Keep your shirt on,
Cringo." They represent an*
effort at kindness, a plea in'
Savor of reality. ?
The collision of concept%
?North versus; South Amer- .
lean?reached hilarious er?
tremes during the visit of
President Eisenhower down, ,
this way.
Hagerty Punctual
Day after day Field
Marshal James HagertX,1
maneuvering his continent
of correspondents at jet-age ,
pace?departing on the dot
at 6:36 a. m., arriving a halt
continent away at 9:2.3 exact
?deposited his punctual
pressmen at airports where
no buses awaited, and at boat
landings empty except for
seagulls.
Yet somehow Latin-Amen,,
Cart hosts managed to yet
newspapermen on time to .
the right spot to see Preal-
dent Eisenhower's plane,
come along later. There were...
plenty of momentitos and
quite a few mananas. Bo,,,
we got. there. Wie
There's a temptation JAC
over-emphasize , the frustra-
tions, like that phone-call.
from the Quito airport, say*:
Ing the 8 a. m. plane hada
departed at 7 a. m. without;
you. Or, rather, yesterday's.
8 a. m. plane had departed:
at 7 a. in. today, so natur-6
ally today's 8 R. m. plane?
wouldn't he *lying until to.:
Morrow
But the tinny thing itly
that Guayaci.1 WAS atilt.'
there many s, and that?
extra trapper*. 23 hours in:
Quito lumen n ' to be one.
of the most t ? ?sung days:
of a three-monti trip.
_ Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/07/26: CIA-RDP74-00297R001400610005-8
a
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/07/26: CIA-RDP74-00297R001400610005-8
Venezuela's Betancourt
How He Keeps Cairn
Hold on Throttle of
Rich Latin Nation
By MOM N. TA14101g
? lerhaps-llsentsg SW 'Mar
. CARACAS, Feb. ft?Vensausla in a-hopeful, '
I wan exciting. alternative to Fidel Castro's &pea*
i approach to giving *bins a share in their nation's
; NUM
, : A. Igrilatill6 togke- =11 WWI Winkin.l.,
f stmts. young tug a swami mom
, f heassaft Ist Niamillgla
1 IM MOIha, baKtBMA 111. NAN
! 141b?r* ihie . 1* Wait* eadi
'A a WM reads Ilsets. eatIOMt lila glimp
I Crwag leeliaelsiglessig MAME Mk Me
imbegeM MIA : .
4.1 -it* 111eissallat la eafiaisiastaffs . ? '
? - litsprus ARM aiWIWIL oar oil*
1 , quiradyt ba our Moe. 144 .106 ars M
vow..
, at &big *bp. Ms ft ovikdbm,
, *Mb seine* sad issality. The Ober is
;. revaistiss, wed* swam inglidnoll. Int -
' bass WI awe ibst susigik ambrisita
4 bere." ?
lietansiart redeted _the telegtablo it
Taredlis eistlight. NW 16 alloun Is
. PM.100 lavid.flast Brit WOW It
I carTiolit Ws Off-1206 *el *PA 1/1110
Mt astanesurt Misted OD letting Magna *Mho his last
? , Ism Iser atep by etspos it mall milly bo 6 walliMbi ilieelt
? ? ? ' ,11 r
iftlaraiild.ailtag. Ifini- ? ? ? ? :. 1.`, '
?
)., ' ,-
Early in the game, he called a
, saki, in Wed:
#afa
- *1 tom ow Temer we* lb oleo el foig isa
rY
marshese ambile are.--Wag="114r ar
midanglitag AMP
II:a*
A MA ChM? M. They see la lbe WWI '
" Owlish hot t? dimegfe tan Pidole-WINININI1114914. b.?
t=zswt wstelnoted. CI 4111ms haat Mem sarstarWilm
?
i ' ? 164a.ituso el greats hisa eat 6 availl A
, ampaay la beisel th 4141.
i But
"Vs have se NW a ampiedijaiii,
i, ?alaim4 'Thae
; lit= be
i One mega ail. *Ike heedt, Wahl =n01111.11
11114111 Wow
i r mu itspliss ere
I hes:111% ? .
i 1St ,.$ -
HosiiiisCenfei OH ? ? 1
,
? ?
las wancimmorat
atat ha
ThiV.n.011111O. 11101111p
foreign country except Canada.
"tutees per cent cd the world's known WS bele; wow her
spending dictator llamas Peres Amen* wag eferiaelall
? businessmen tarsi al this would go down the grata -
neteeeeere. Wetly prodigal ewes beton. isos4t, ass
111101/11 sa appeals ler aationalhaties, they helh. Ithebbse as a
stadest. MI beat ? Cestomist.
But Betancourt tooled his critics. Flying home frau le-Mr*
exile in New York, he called together hada' of his own party,
other politicians. and the military junta. Se proposed a gentle-
, men's agreement for oily siciethaa. MA all ladivettAlriillir
to ouPPort the winner, foriegresslag dos semi -et ar-
ranging another revolution to annul the balloting.
? ? ?
?
1 For Lawful, Slow Progress --?
,........?.........,...ogra?,?ek worked.
Betancourt never has become 4,....74.1.rAMONIer,) .
sonality. H. makes few public apaches, though he
{
. can be tough in words isurell as term.
, When his lend reform gets in full per, it la Is ? cameisni
' Nate who szlircarlam mat aot be Madly* mond limas-
ant. Payment will be in cash. up to RP* wki ma the Odom
variety of Maio worth little stare,tlisn direr ataltolla .
, taw waanstertalig dime oda well *
? Dist** Pero WS a $U Whim aid
( galhero old tereere beetelehmeh angel
teaseptia is theAttest LiMfraimedmiai seeliry.sink .
l with rem maim is *Wale. *IMO eie*
. but Venezuela las 6 goverment which Allit be blialled 41
_ _,.
i leaping before it 1?61a-ar rl the. !wed* ti'* !Wm. j? - i
f !irking al nem fwgrard at all. t ? ?
I
1
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/07/26: CIA-RDP74-00297PrinieHkR-Z-inna 0
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/07/26 CIA-RDP74-00297R00140061Uuu0-0
1
1Y 11, 1900
Peru Assails Arms Purchases
As She Buys a Fancy Cruiser
By ZENRY N. TAYLOR.
LIMA. Peru, Feb. 11.?Case
to $3 million worth of second-
hand steel, liming at anchor
In Lima's har-
bor. OMNI-
izes a Latin
American
paradox. .
N arnaly
that a dawn
nations dawn
here, fighting
for economic
stability, have
spent $2.5 hit- Hari RtI)lor
lion since World War II for
war-weary weaponry which
could be of little use in a ma-
jor future war.
Peru's freshest pride is the
somewhat matronly cruiser,
Admiral Gnu, delivered this
month from Britain, whose
navy deemed her overage, un-
dergunned, and, after le oaliY
years., deservedly dispensittle.
What's more. Peru's
dent Manuel Prado, caUfag
for a continentwide treaty to
end senseless arms buying,
proclaimed only two months
ago: "Instead of acquiring
warlike elements of destruc-
tion, the government's of
Latin America should buy
instruments to imprOve health
and science."
? ? ?
Don Pedro Beltran, Penes
economy-minded prime min-
ister. wab In Washington try-
ing to negotiate development
loans when the news of the
Grau's purchase came out,
much to his embarrassment.
It had bean negotiated by his
predecessors, and the military
hadn't seen fit to tell him '
about it, apparently.
Yet, when the Admiral
Grau creaked into port here,
her elderly shanks fresh-
painted, tens of thousands of
deliriously joyful Peruvians
thronged the wharf in wel-
come. And there was Presi-
dent Prado himself on the
bridge, r.eciaring: "'This is a
glorious day in the history of
Peru."
Such appetite for arms
I.
seems an almost unbreakable
habit .n Latin America.
Argantirsa has just negoti-
ated I or $700,000 worth of
F-86 Sabrejets. Brazil has
bouut a $36-rnillion aircraft
carei r from England. al-
thouirt there is no Brazilian
navy ctIr arm to put aboard
her. -71' topical Guatemala
splutgx1 on a Swedish gun-
bc?P.t. wttch arrived compete
w'rn reinforced bow for ice-
Peaking, but no air ?dl-
it Ecuador and Peru,
still riled over their 1940 vest.
pocket veer, are having a mob
IY =Worn* be 411 filr' ?
planes.
Pentagon plentwiginua=
ly see little
tense justiflastlott ter suck
goings-on.
A few Latin American
forces have earned high caps..
WIRY marks, pmfesilanal
diers say. Brazil's paratroops
are first class. Colombia's in.
fantrymen, the only Latin
American troops contributed
to Korea, fought well there.
Chilean fighter pilots are
judged competent.
? ? ?
But United States planners
don't see how even these
adept units could be brought
to NKr In modern war. So
U.& military aid is now con-
centrating mostly on lending
destroyers, hoping Latin no-
vies can help keep track of
Soviet subs.
A few signs of self-restraint
exist, Mexico spends only 1
percent of its national budget
on defense. Thr theory ux-
pressed by one ?Mexicaa
stableman is that: "We're tab
smell to fled our northern'.
neighbor. 11Paele Ilan, an&
we're too big to fight ow
sniuthern witiglabbr, Guar*
Mg sale, so why ge broke Imp.
up seliserneess, when we
need schools and roads?"
Ttny Costa Rica, by law
has abolished its army and
now gets along with MO pa-
linemen. President )4 ario
Echandi recently startled the
hernisphent by oaths Ihe
United States 1700 old rifle*
in exchange for eight trac-
tors. a historic revere* lied.
lease.
Disarmament will be a ate:
jos topic when President
Eisenhower visits Latin
Arteries. "Ruinems Maps&
lion." is what Preeddent Jorge
Alessandri of Odle has canal
the arms race. Yet Chile her
self has two flashy new de.
stroyers on order in England.
And it was Chilean naval su-
periority which seats to have
anantraged rival Peru to
spend $2.8 million en theca*
Sortable old Admiral Gnat '
r?-sr RaiAnSe 2013/07/261 CIA-RDP74-00297R001400610005-8
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/07/26: CIA-RDP74-00297R001400610005-8
Meets
-
Meets New Uruguay President
)Ike Warned: Must
Buy in Latin America
I
Or Communists Gain
President Eisenhower today meets the fourth and
itt head of state on his South American trip. Again,
The Houston Press' roving newsman with an ad-
vance interview throws,hlt Int the snbjerts likely
to be dilwzisscd.?THE EDITOR'.
By HENRY N. TAYLOR
. Scrippe-Ilimard Staff Writes
MONTEVIDEO, Uruguay, March 2,?"If the United
States doesn't buy more raw materials from Latin'
America, the Communists will use trade here as a
spearhead for infiltration," warned Benito Nardone,
who became president of Uruguay only yesterday and
is welcoming President Eisenhower here today.
In an exclusive interview, Nar-I
done slial6 he would explain talejty consumers at the expense d
Ike how U S. tariffs on woollfarmers.
already have forced Uruguay to,
"I don't lurew the United
sell aubstantral quantities behind'
1Statea well, but I want President
the ion curtain.
Ws kers. but nolElselsh"" " knew how *ware
"N=. 'We would " Ira' at. 4114 arsartises.Y?11r
pr-fer to buy 'United Stales oiLiawniellitri iblidnit.mse Wireadlitimidingdalatkris
but already the gasoline in those great, and we mold not expect
cars outside this window ham
mere. In fact, we In Latin Amer-
come from finals." Our meet- lea have net always Ilene our fall
frig was In the ikeeident's of- share..
fice of Government House, where,
Mr. risenhower will be enter-I - Last year brought record floods
talned. to Uruguay, a disastrous blow to
Helps Demi Dineemoe !an economy already staggering
;under the twin loads ot sagging
Nardone says he understands foreign markets and an overam-
fully that the United States alsolbitious welfare program. The
produces wool and ttat it is nOtIscore today: A 40 per cent in-
likeiy we wtn buy much fromIerealle In living meta at home
abroad. "But the mor, wool we and a 1169 foreign trade deficit
can sell to you, the lees we trete more than $50 million.
at the mercy of the Soviet Union I Nardone still broadcasts twice .
as a customer. In other words. a day. ithough not at Fidel Cas- ?
buying Uruguayan wool helps,
tro's length or intensity). And
defend democracy here." now that lie's T. power, no lone-
Democracy, In Uruguay, Is no er cruivizint nom the outside,
Idle concept. Though it is flat, he's had a tougher time keeping
its called the Switzerland of his whiplash cracking.
South America, because this
North Dakota-sized pastureland! Stings Centniunists
has had a unique history of po- When it cracks, Uruguay's h
lit.cal patience and stability. Communists often get stung.IJ
N'alted 93 Years 1"They stir up labor trouble, In-11
, filtrate student bodies, all with't
Nardone's party, the Blancos,.th e idea to confuse and exploit (
had been out of power for 93 our problems. They wont succeed,1
years when they on the last if our economy can remain ata-
election in 195.1. All these years, bit...,ji
.
through 23 electiona, no one
even dreamed of ? revolution to U yens are nowhere near!,
hungry yet, despite cost-of-Liv-
hurry things. The Blancoa just
ing complaints. The aserage cit-
trusted the voters eventually to izen here eats 262 pounds of beefi
welcome a change.
alone every year. while the ay.)
Nardone himself is president erage United States r.iarrent puts!'
for Just one year. as chairman of ',away only 130 pounds of al. kinds,'
a federal council of nine which of meats. But Nard,,ne rerileins11
really runs Uruguay, His ntrtv
-- :worried about long-term *rade:
has five of the nine seats, and Arend' In this lien.isptere, it
the top-polling four councilorsf
get one year apiece as presidentl
Cites Cilia
before the next election.
"Look 1st Cubt'? 7. said. ,
Ex-Grid Player 'there's no logic in their selling
President Nardone is a stocky all that sugar to itUs641" They
ex-football player, now lo hi, have excellent markets their
mid-50a. His career has mostly own hemisphere. But It pulses'
been in rural politics, and as other than logic seem tc push')
manager Df a stleen ranch. His FVP4e..
? regime promised abetter break' Arneritin countAl
? for farmers. Iconcentrate on delending tte ,
Nicknamed "Chicotaao." which terests of our own
means "whiplash," Nardone won!And tills mecia the Unt.e-t intavei.4
fame in Urguay for his twice-a-Jmust do ita part. in ?schenitint,
day radio speeches accusing the,more trade and dem one mow!. t
oppositicn party of pampering 'edge with ns too" Ii
? ?? *A-VA - ? .
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/07/26: CIA-RDP74-00297R001400610005-8
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/07/26: CIA-RDP74-00297R001400610005-8
Castro May Be Left
The Bagasse in Grab
By llfrrltY N. TAYLOIL much hag transfer runts
HAVANA. Marsh 24.?The stateside.
bagasse business is tad this P. r $ i s ten t rumors say
season in Cuba, and this Castro is trying to toms Faso
small India- - f to close its Miner,. then take
try tells a big over and owlets it with crud*
story about oil from Russia brought In
why Fidel exchange for sugar.
Castro's reia- A tangle of laws. decrees,
tions with the orders pissed and counter-
United States ' mended, and Inert unfounded
are so fright- I y rumors makes it almost MI-
fuL posibie to determine Auk
Bagasse is
U how much American proper-
the unsweet ty has been seized. But fibercliplo-
that's Owl IL TI711w mats say about a third of the
left over after the Cubans estimated MO million total
have squeezed raw sugar out investment either is held or
of the sugar cane and sold under threat.
most of it at twice the world Agriculture is the biggest
market price to Uncle Sam. p o t e n t i a I target. There
You can't put bagasse in your
coffee or sprinkle it on your are approximately six million
Amenicatis owned about two
cereals. Until a few year' million of them, including
ago the stuff was just swept many of the richest.
out in the streets. . ? ? 0
Then along came an Amer- The state Department teak
lean businessman with S600.- the position that the United
000 and a formula for making
bagasse fiber int, papa,. Ab States couldn't deny Cuba's
that was needed was a steady right to eix prop r la t e such
property, so long as Cubs.
supply of special chemicals pod for it cubs Is worths
from the United States.
The American built a fac-
tory, gave jobs to dozens of
Cubans. and soon the whole
island was writing on bagasse
bond, blowing noses on tis-
sued bagasse and finding
other uses for it.
Then came Castro. with a
ruling that firms in Cuba
needed special permission to
export dollars for raw ma-
terials abroad. "Buy Cuban"
became the watchword. The
American found himself cut
off from the chemicals which
took the scratch out of
bagasse. This was about the
end of the bagasse business.
Multiplied a hundredfold,
this sort of economic dis-
mantlement is going on all
over Cubs.
? ? ?
Economists feel some of it
is health). Cuba long has been
too dependent on United
States imports. including
canned vezotabies. which eas-
ily. car be grown on this
island Bot at tie.. scale it's go-
ing or "Mk. Cuba's anti-for-
eign ea 7 qaign seems aimed
at killing all the golden-egg-
laying 4eeee.
Taste 'tie plight of the F,eso
011 . with a $75 million
reficerv and distribution in-
vestment in Cube. Crud, oil
Nimes hers from Venezuela,
e.oti mum be paid for in dol.
1r rs. It's refined, then sold
locally for Cuban pesos. But
s?:1.* last August. Esso hasn't
able to get a single dol-
1 (pit to buy crude oil,
Holding
Policy
20-year at
tairicempancest
Cuban government ever
lasted that long want ash
now,
Whet !be Mere holds as
W judged from the only
court desision so Itsr on a
contested. *valuation of a
takenover estate: 2295 &MSS
of the Cuban American Supr
Ca. at Pinar . del Rio. Ilse
company engineer asked ler
$1$ $15. The govemment said
P4.481, and the judge ruled
the sum "fair and equitable."
Where all this will stop, no
one lcnows. Freeport Nickel
Co. seems about reedy to
shut down its $IO tnaBon
plant at Moa Bay even be-
fore it has begun operations.
Its intricate innards am full
of suiplunie acid. which
would reduce the plant to
scrap if left de a eingie
month.
Cuba in that coo meld
own a patriotimumstifYlliS
100 percent el lioddol- Mid
Castro would be left bolas*
the bagasse.'
- t "'
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/07/26: CIA-RDP74-00297Rnn14nnAinring 0