LETTERS TO THE EDITOR THE C.I.A. RESPONDS

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CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2
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January 4, 2005
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July 5, 1972
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Approved For Release 2005/01/27 ; CIA-RDP7 00300230080-2 THE EVENING STAR DATE -~ PAGE lette 'the Editor -1r5-to . SIR: As you are aware, the Central Intelligence Agency seldom responds to criticism of any sort. It cannot remain silent, however, when a newspaper with The Star's a that on prints an article alleging that this aggencytlppos the heroin traffic in Southeast Asia. I re 6r to the column by Judith Randal in The Star of 29 June. So serious a charge should be made only on the basis of the most convincing evidence. Miss Randal states only that "reporters have been hearing for more than ,a year" and then refers to an article in Harper's magazine by a graduate student, Alfred W. McCoy. Charges of this nature have been made previously and each time have been most carefully investigated and found to be unsubstantiated. The public record on this sub'ect is clear. There is, for instance, a report by Roland Pauli investigator for the Senate Foreign Rela- tions _ Committee, in the April 1971 issue of Foreign Affai-s, which states: ". due to the long association with the CIA, the'Meo tribesmen in Laos'were shifting from opium to rice and other crops. The Congressional Record of June 2, 1971, printed a letter from John E. Ingersoll, director of the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, to Representative Charles S. Gubser of California, which states: "Actual- ly, CIA has for some time been this bureau's strongest partner in identifying foreign sources and routes of Illegal trade in narcotics. Their help has included both direct support in intelligence collection, as well as in intelligence analysis and production. Liaison between our two agencies is close and constant in matters of mutual interest.Much of the progress we are now making in identifying overseas narcotics traffic can, in fact, be attributed to CIA cooperation." Miss Randal's article is also in contrast to the two articles by your staff writer, Miriam Ottenberg, on June I 8 and 19, 1972, in which she pointed out: "U.S. narcotics agents are making a sizable dent in the Southeast Asian dope traffic and-despite reports to the contrary - America's Asian allies and the CIA are helping them do it" And she quoted John Warner of the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs as saying, "he had seen nothing of an evidentiary nature from Mr. McCoy `other than gossip, conjecture and old history'." Narcotics addiction is one of this country's most serious social problems. The Central Intelligence Agen- cy is dedicated to eradicating this menace and, specifi- cally, to interdicting the flow of narcotics entering this country. It is difficult to understand why a writer would publish material tending to undermine confidence in this effort withqut the most convincing proof. More than one year ago, in an address before the American Society of Newspaper Editors, Richard Helms, director of Central Intelligence, stated: "There is the arrant nonsense, for example, that the Central Intelligence Agency is some- how involved in the world drug traffic. We are not. As fathers, we are as concerned about the lives of our children and grandchildren as are all of you. As an agency, in fact, we are heavily engaged in tracing the foreign roots of the drug traffic for the Bureau of Narcotics ans J?p erous Dru s. We hope we are help- ollution; w a we are not contributing to ing with a s the problem ." This statement reu n4 valid today. W. E.,Colby, Executive Director Approved For Release 20p5/01ttaCt&7c4"5R000300230080-2 H 6192 Approved For RCUic~RSSIONAk C& MZ4B$'f000300230080-2June 27, 1972 In our own country, we stand in greater need of what we call conscience. Order is Heaven's first law; the Universe, with the infinity of celestial bodies, is regulated by law and maintained in order. The human creature on our own planet-as well as those which may inhabit any like orbs-is en- dowed with the faculty of reason; with faith, that is to say, reasoned hope; with the belief of the pure in heart that the soul shall have immortal being. "Hats off to the past, and coats off to the future," must yet be the homely slogan. I believe that mirth and music are mate- rial gifts from Heaven to Man, in compensa- tion for the tragedies of life. Good thought and conduct constitute good morals. Evil is the exact opposite. If we transgress, we are punished, in one way or another. All the qualities of humanity that are pos- sessed of hope, faith, courage, diligence, rea- son, love of home and country, vision and noble ideals, must be exercised as indispen- sable labors in humanity's forward march. Apropos, the spirit of reverence and the Church must perform their necessary roles. These observations are indeed trite. The multiplication table is trite, but reliance on the mathematics of Newton took the Astro- nauts Richard Helms to thoroughly investigate to the moon, and thru the voids of space. Mr. McCoy's allegations. Since Mr. Me- Our Baronial Order-whose members are Coy obtained his information late last decendants of sureties of A.D. 1215, has great summer it is imperative to determine opportunity for noble and patriotic service. whether this kind of drug trafficking is It has also great responsibility, and, I be- still going on. A principal, unanswered lieve, is meeting its obligations with fine question which the CIA must resolve is dispatch. "At what level in the CIA were officials The Magna Charts is a lengthy rostra- aware of this illicit drug traffic?" a c, a~uel, a d it was It is also becoming increasingly clear, asnentdopted of to 61 hold in n articles. restraint, June espotic ? King John of England. Twenty-five sureties Mr. Speaker, that the Nixon administra- were named from the roster of Barons, to tion is covering up and contradicting require the arbitrary Ring to pay allegiance itself about the importance of heroin to the Great Charter, which relates to bane- traffic in Southeast Asia. After Mr. Mc- fits and property and other rights to the Coy testified before a Senate committee Barons, as well as the people in general. last month the State Department termed Under the benefits conferred by Magna : about the involvement of Charts, England, and the course of civil and his charges religious liberty made lasting progress. - Government officials in Southeast Asia 1' 4-1,- TT 0 The next great document of liberty was the Mayflower Compact, adopted in Novem- ber 1620 by the Pilgrims in Cape Cod Harbor. It was brief, but of essential character. It provided, in simple words, a comprehensive, organic and formal insrtument enabling the establishment of Plimoth Plantation-on the Plymouth Rack site, binding equally on all; and a uririg total equality, and to make an needed laws. Under it, the Pilgrims lived and thor of a forthcoming book on heroin traffic in Southeast Asia, which details the allegation of United States and CIA complicity in drug traffic. If these allega- I tions are true, then the CIA is implicated in fostering the drug traffic that ruins the lives of tens of thousands of Americans. According to the information Mr. McCoy has given me, a Laotian district chief and other officials have told him that American helicopters flew Meo of - you thoroughly investigate Mr. McCoy's alle- gations. Since Mr. McCoy obtained his in- formation last summer, it is imperative to determine whether this kind of drug traffick- ing is still going on. A principal unanswered question which the CIA must resolve is: "At what level in the CIA were officials aware of this illicit drug traffic?". I hope that you will report to me in full the results of your investigation. Thank you for your cooperation. Sincerely, Las ASPIN, Member of Congress. facers into Laotian villages where they purchased opium. The opium was also transported out by American pilots and planes to Long Tieng, the CIA headquar- ters in Northern Laos where it was al- legedly refined into morphine and even- tually heroin. The Meo tribesmen, as many of my colleagues know, had been recruited by the CIA and form a mercenary army which fights the Pathet Lao Communist guerrillas. For the Meo, opium is consid- ered an important cash crop. Army Provost Marshal reported in 1971 that high ranking members of the South Vietnamese Government were in the top "zone" of the four-tiered heroin traffic pyramid. Mr. McCoy, quite rightly, also disputes the State Department's claim that "Southeast Asia is not a major source of prospered, with complete civil and religious heroin on our market." This statement liberty. by the State Department directly con- This modest compact proved to be the tradicts a General Accounting Office re- aoorn which rooted and grew to the great oak port which states that: of our Constitutional government, which we must uphold and sustain. The Far East is the second principal source In conclusion, let me say, as did Tiny Tim of heroin entering the U.B. In the immortal Christmas Story oil Dickens, Mr. Speaker, it is imperative to deter- mine bless us all, each and everyone I" mine whether the CIA is still involved in opium traffic and who was responsible for CIA SMUGGLES OPIUM the alleged involvement of the CIA with The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a the opium growers of Laos. previous order of the House, the gentle- My letter to Mr. Helms follows: HOUSE of REPRESENTATIVES, man from Wisconsin (Mr. ASPIN) is rec- Washington, D.C., June 27, 1972. ognized for 5 minutes. Mr. RICHARD HELMS, Mr. ASPIN. Mr. Speaker, I am releas- Director, Central Intelligence Agency, ing today substantial new evidence that Washington, D.C. indicates U.S. pilots flying CIA operated .! DEAa Mn. HELMS: I am publicly releasing helicopters have been smuggling opium 1 today substantial new evidence that indi- inside Laos. cates that U.S. pilots flying CIA-operated i i What this new evidence indicates is that V.S. pilots using U.S.-awned planes are illegally smuggling opium in Laos, some of which has almost certainly been sold to U.S. GI's in Southeast Asia and n- um helicopters have been smuggling op side Laos. These allegations are contained in a letter and additional information that I have received from Mr. Alfred McCoy, author of a forthcoming book on heroin traffic in Southeast Asia. If these allegations are true, then the CIA is implicated in fostering the smuggled into illicit U.S. drug markets. ` drug traffic that ruins the lives of tens of I am releasing today a letter which I thousands of Americans. have received from Alfred McCoy, au- I am writing to you today to request that ROONEY REQUESTS HALF BILLION FOR RELIEF OF FLOOD RAVAGED STATES The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a previous order of the House, the gentle- man from Pennsylvania (Mr. ROONEY) is recognized for 5 minutes. Mr. ROONEY of Pennsylvania. Mr. Speaker, in the wake of probably the most destructive flood in America's his- tory I have today announced that I will request an additional half billion dollars in Federal funds for relief in the five States which have been declared disaster areas by President Nixon. The $92.5 million now available to the States in the President's disaster relief fund will not begin to compensate the losses suffered by the five States. If Pennsylvania were to receive the entire $92.5 million it would cover only about 10 percent of the cost of putting the State back together. I have introduced legislation to provide relief funds in the amount of one-half billion dollars to the States which have been declared disaster areas by the Presi- dent. This money would be disbursed by the Office of Emergency Preparedness whose primary function is the adminis- tration of the President's disaster relief fund. In past crises involving disaster areas in several States OEP has appor- tioned financial aid to the States accord- ing to the amount of damage sustained in the respective States. This is the only fair and realistic method of tackling the massive cleanup job ahead. Pennsylvania, hardest hit by the flood- ing by a wide margin, would receive the lion's share of the supplemental appro- priation, and Florida, having the least amount of damage of the five States, would receive the smallest portion. The remaining money would be distributed by OEP to Virginia, Maryland, and New York. Other Members and I of the Pennsyl- vania delegation will meet with Governor Shapp today to discuss the crippling ef- fects of the flood. I hope to explore all avenues of Federal assistance with the Governor and arrive at some concrete goals with regard to the needs of the stricken Pennsylvania communities. BEEF PRODUCERS GET SHORT END OF STICK The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a previous order of the House, the gentle- man from Kansas (Mr. SKUBITZ) is rec- ognized for 10 minutes. Mr. SKUBITZ. Mr. Speaker, in my opinion the action the President took on Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 June 27, 1972 CONGRES$IONAL RECORD -HOUSE though the first Congress of the United States met in New York in 1789, in 1790 it chose Philadelphia as the temporary seat of the new Government when Wash- ington was President. As students of history know, the Con- stitution was not a suddenly devised framework of government but the cul- mination of experience dating back to the Magna Carta of 1215 when 25 bar- ons of England united to force King John to sign and observe it. The Baronial Order of Magna Carta, composed of men who are lineal de- scendants of these 25 barons of England, and of which William Hannis Perot of Philadelphia is Marshal, customarily commemorates the signing of the Magna Carta on the Sunday nearest June 15 of each year at historic Christ Church in Philadelphia, the church attended by Washington. Most of the members of the order live in the Philadelphia region; some in the Washington, D.C. area. This order through the years has been a highly effective patriotic group in keep- ing alive the memories of the Magna Carta as a vital landmark in the de- velopment of constitutional liberty. On June 11, 1972, at this church, the Barons celebrated the 757th anniversary of the ensealing of the Magna Carta in an impressive program led by the rec- tor, the Reverend Ernest A. Harding, D.D., in which a member of the order, the Honorable Maurice H. Thatcher, dis- tinguished former Member of the Con- gress from Kentucky, and the sole sur- viving member of the Isthmian Canal Commission that supervised the con- struction of the Panama Canal, made the address for the occasion and received the Annual Award of the Order, which reads as follows: The Baronial Order of Magna Carta pre- sents its Magna Carta Day Award to Gov- ernor Maurice Hudson Thatcher in recogni- tion of his service to humanity: Particularly is this made for his champion- ing the Freedom of the Individual, further- ing the significant tradition begun in 1215 by the Barons of England. (Panama Canal Seal.) (Kentucky Seal.) (Picture-,ship in Panama Canal.) Christ Church in Philadelphia. Magna Carta Sunday, June 11, 1972. WILLIAM HAreNIS PEROT, Marshal. HENRY PICIION KROGSTAD, Keeper of the Signet. (NOTE.-Framed with White House Tim- ber.) and prevention of tropical diseases, both human -anew, veterinary. During the program, Governor The Laboratory, starting with an annual Thatcher, together with Marshal Perot, authorization of $50,000, now has an annual former Marshal Charles Edgar Hires, budget of a million dollars; and Congress Capt. Miles P. DuVal, Jr., also a member also has authorized and appropriated sev- of the order, and Gilbert H. Dehriel of eral millions for expansion of the Laboratory Washington, D.C., sat in the Geor ac`ivities, made necessary by the great func- ga lions it has been called upon to serve. Washington pew. Indeed, Its achievements have been of So that the indicated address may be such character as to make of it the out- suitably recorded in the annals of the standing institution of its kind in all the Congress for the benefit of present and world. Panama is an ideal spot for such H 6191 under appointment of President Taft, In April 1910. I served until August 1913-all during the construction era. My identification with the great enter- prise throughout my tenure was also that of Civil Governor of the Canal Zone. Colonel William C. Gorgas of Yellow Fever fame, was also a Member of the Commission; and we had our official headquarters in the same building. I was charged with certain duties which supported him in his important health and sanitary work; and it has given me great pleasure, in and out of Congress, in the years that followed, to have the opportunity to further provide for expansion of tropical research: The Republic of Panama ceded to our In- stitute, for the purposes OT a laboratory, im- portant lands and buildings in the City of Panama, and we have erected additional structures with Congressional funds. On an occasion of this character, it Is ex- pected, I believe, that the Awardee should submit some remarks dealing with mat- ters of current concern. This is the Age of Violence. Never in hu- man history has there been such brutal con- duct by people in the world, as is now tak- ing place. Under science the miracle of today be- comes the commonplace of tomorrow. The great achievements of science have been, in large measure, utilized by evilminded individuals for the most wicked deeds which mankind has ever conceived. Communism-the deadliest of evils, is busy as never before. We must wisely deal with these conditions, else they will destroy us. For this reason I speak of them. Assassinations, murders, thefts, robberies, holding for ransom, hi-jacking, guerrilla monstrosities; slaying by wholesale of the innocent and defenseless, and degeneracies, have become the order of the day. No de- praved or cruel act is missing. The news media, in every category, in large measure, are being prostituted; and the old Commandments, containing the es- sence of life experience; and the noble in- structions of the Sermon on the Mount, are being discarded in the world-at-large, and held in contempt. We canonize our criminals. They get the publicity, the sympathy, and the eulogies, and the acquittals. Our virtues are kept un- der the bushel, and fail in inspirational value. The red-carpet treatment has all too often been accorded by naive courts, juries, and others charged with the responsibilities affecting the social structure. Shrewd, bold, conscienceless members of my own profes- sion, often go beyond all decent bounds, and defy the courts, and enable the worst crimi- nals to escape the whips of justice, and re- peat their offenses. The TV and radio, and other media with certain exceptions, which so often have in- structed and inspired, and with so much potential for good, have all too oft become sewers of filth and degeneracy. In large measure, the children are neglected, and left to establish their own associations and con- siderations-with the inevitable results. No further enumeration is required. How- ever, we cannot ignore what Is so patent; such things bring disaster. I am a firm be- liever in the divine mission of Man; but I can have, of course, no conception as to the time he must live and struggle before he scales the peaks of lasting good. He has come and most grateful appreciation for their presence do this occasion, I also wish to thank with like appreciation, Baron and Mrs. Ross Porter Skillern for the gracious courtesies accorded myself and my traveling companion, Mr. Gilbert Dehnel of Washington, D.C. as guests in their charming home. Also, my thanks to others. Then, I wish to give assurance of my most grateful acknowledgement for the outstand- ing honor that was voted to me by the Baro- nial Order last fall, and now awarded. When I recall that men of such eminence as Generals MacArthur and Bradley; Chief Justice Bell, and certain outstanding mem- bers of the Baronial Order have been recipi- ents of this Award, I am indeed, humbly grateful that I am now thus honored. I know of no region more historic than that of Philadelphia, and its environs. In- dependence Hall and the Liberty Bell have their significance and memories. Great appreciation is due the Welsh and Swedes, as well as the English, Scotch and others. William Penn and his Quakers struc- tured a lasting monument. Here Benjamin Franklin grew into the vast proportions of a practical idealist, statesman, scientist, and successful civic and Revolutionary leader. This Commonwealth itself is a beautiful domain. Its great rivers, its mountains and valleys-together with its farming areas- present an unexcelled panorama of beauty. Valley Fore and Gettysburg-and the Get- tysburg Address-speak for themselves. Its historic worth is beyond all measure- ment. Besides the Commonwealth of Pennsyl- vania there are three other Commonwealths in our American Union, namely, Massachu- setts, Virginia and Kentucky. My own:, Commonwealth of Kentucky- with the aid of Daniel Boone, himself a na- tive of Pennsylvania, led the effort for the early settl$ment of Kentucky; and in time's course, there were born in Kentucky, the r?spective leaders of the North and South in the Civil War era, Lincoln and Davis. During my service in the Congress as Rep- resentative of the Louisville and Jefferson County, Kentucky District (1923-33), I had pleasant relationships, on both sides of the aisle, with Pennsylvania members of the House. I make special reference to Doctor Henry W. Temple of the Washington Dis- trict, J. Banks Kurtz, of the Altoona District, and Thomas Butler of West Chester. Dr. Temple, as a member of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, and on special National Park assignments, occupied posts where he was able to serve my efforts--and did serve them-to obtain enactment of Bills I sponsored. They were important meas- ures, and became laws-such as the Acts creating the National Cave Mammoth Park in Kentucky, and the Gorges Memorial Labora- tory in the City of Panama, an institution - -,c vpuumscs, raaner man pessi- Magna Carta and their families; friends orary Life President of the Institute. All mists. They are moved by the consideration and neighbors from Washington, D.C., Phil- these services, I may say, have been rendered that the glass is half-full, rather than half adelphia, and other points; Rev. Doctor without collapensation. empty. Only virtue makes for lasting peace Harding and the membership of this historic Some of you will recall that I was a Mem- and happiness. War is monstrous, yet, it has Church, I must extend my deepest thanks ber of the Isthmian . Canal Commission always obtained. Thus, the race muddles on. Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 Approved For Release 2005/01/27: CIA-RDP7 p8 jqa~~ _-l~ ~i0023cGE THE WASHINGTON POST AT Qlted pr* International Rep. Charles B. Rangel (D.- N.Y.) said yesterday "paranoid quest for secrecy" in the Cen- tral Intelligence Agency is keeping Information about drug traffic in Southeast Asia from the American public. R.angel, a member of the 1 ! Crime, Bald the CIA has con- sistently refused his requests for reports on opium and her- 1 1, oin traffick.1ng, although some I are already public knowledge a or oed available from other - kc1i citizen has the funda- -att the ex- Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 T)PJ655 Approved For Release 2005/01/27: CIA-RDP7q~pQ4,1 00300230080-2 1 THE EVENING STAR. DATE PAGE CIA `Paranoid` On Drug Traffic, Rangel Charges Utted Press International gipp, Charles B. Rangel, said a "paranoid quest for secrecy" in the Cen- tral Intelligence Agency is keeping information about drug traffic in Southeast Asia from the American public. Rangel, a member of the House Select Committee on Crime, said yesterday the CIA re- has consistently resus oe d is um quests for repo e and heroin trafficking in the or are area, aubl c knowledge p available from other agencies. "This bureaucratic bungling and paranoid quest for secrecy on the part of the Central In- telligence Agency has prevent- ed Conggress from effectively determining which of our so- called `allies' are profiteering in heroin," he said in a state- ment. he Rangel said nine reports .has unsuccessfully sought from the - CIA name individu- als, tribes,nrrnent offi- cers and places involved in heroin trafficking in Southeast Asia. Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 THE EVENING STAR DATE V PL77 2, PAGE. Air America clans m iggling SIR: Judi#hak8, in'her column of June 29 made 'certain charges that I as managing director of Air America must take violent exception to. Her allegation . that this opium byproduct has been one of the more important cargoes carried by Air America is completely false. Needless to say, Miss Ran- dal. failed to provide any proof for this allegation and it is my opinion that a charge as damning as the one made by Miss Randal should be supported by more than just rumors. Air America is acutely aware of the Individual opportunities for smuggling that inherently exist with out type of operation. We realized that these opportuni- ties are made even more attractive by the fact that we operate in areas of the world where extremely high value, low bulk items such as gold and narcotics are easy to obtain and can be readily disposed of at tremen- dous profit. The company continually works to impress upon its employees the seriousness with which any and all smug- gling is viewed and evidence of such activity is cause for immediate termination! Also as a means for combating this situation we'have for years assigned highest priori- ty to the regular inspection of company aircraft, crews and cargoes by our own security force. The establishment of a separate Security Inspection Service under a USAID-Air America contract constitutes a major advance in preventing illegal transportation of drugs aboard U.S. government-chartered aircraft in Laos. Through the continued and expanded efforts of programs such as these, more effective means will be developed for greatly reducing and eventually eliminat- ing the opportunities for smuggling that still exist. Air America, in denying similar charges made by Alfred McCoy to the Senate Foreign Relations Opera- tions Subcommittee on June 2, 1972, stated that "if Mr. McCoy or any. other individual can provide proof that any Air America employee 'has been connected in any manner with the drug traffic, appropriate disciplinary action will be taken and the matter referred to the proper authorities." To date, no such proof has been forthcoming and we now extend the same inoftation to Miss Randal and The Star. Paul C. Velte, Jr. Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 1131y July 20, 1972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE and other articles and no proceeding or de- (c) Subsection 401(a) of the Act of June from 40 witnesses, including representa- termination under this Act shall preclude any 15, 1935 (49 Stat. 383), as amended (16 U.S.C. tives of the medical community; experts proceeding or be considered determinative of 715s(a)), is further amended by inserting in the dynamics and emerging patterns any issue of fact or law in any proceeding "or likely within the foreseeable future to of drug abuse; Federal, State, and local under any Act administered by the Secretary become threatened with" between the words of tatives of Agriculture. "with" and "extinction" in the last sentence a enforcmajor emenement t barbiturate officials; als; re represenresen a and (c) Whenever the Secretary determines thereof. of manufacturers pursuant to this Act or any other authority (d) Subsection 6(a) (1) of the Land and wholesalers; as well as individuals who vested in him, that a species of fish or Water Conservation Fund Act of 1965 (78 have experienced the horrors of barbitu- 4601 9 (a) wildlife is an endangered species, and pub- Stat. 903), as amended (16 U.S.C. lishes regulations pertaining to the protec- (1)), is further amended by inserting "or tion, control, management or enhancement likely within the foreseeable future to be- of such endangered species, the Secretary of come threatened with" between the words Agriculture may use all authorities available "with" and "extinction". to him with respect to research, investiga- REPEALS tions, conservation, development, protection, 3 of the management, and enhancement of fish and SECAct. of 1 122. . ( (aa) ) Sections ( 1 1 through h 927), as ber wildlife, including, but not limited to, the amended oe U.S.C. 66 (80 Stat. ,926, are 27), as hereby conservation operation program, watershed a in their entirety. protection and flood prevention programs, repealed Sections 1 through 6 of the Act of De- Great Environmental Assistance Program, ons (83 through 27 of the 16 U.S.C. Great Plains Conservation Program, Resource cember ber through 5, , 1969 (t83 Stat. are hereby 79; repealed Conservation and Development Program, for- 66 their entirety. estry programs, and Water Bank Program, in the protection, control, management, or enhancement of such endangered species. f By Mr. BAYH: Recognizing the national and international / S. 3819. A bill to amend the Controlled interest in the protection and enhancement Substances Act to establish effective con- of such endangered species, the Secretary of trols against diversion of particular con- Agriculture is authorized, notwithstanding trolled substances and to assist law en- the provisions of any other law, to bear the forcement agencies in the investigation full cost or any lesser amount that he, in consultation with the Secretary may deter- of the diversion of controlled substances mine desirable to accomplish the objectives into other than legitimate medical, of the Act, of the cost of installing any prat- scientific, and industrial channels, by re- tice, measure, work of improvement, facility, quiring manufacturers to incorporate or other developmental, protective, or man- inert, innocuous tracer elements in all agement,systems on private land, the pri- Schedule II and III depressant and mart' purpose of which is for the purpose stimulant substances, and for other pur- the regulations, o or r other her recommendations poses. enabling the landowner co comply with oses. Referred to the Committee on the egula, of the Secretary pertaining to the protection, Judiciary. control, management, or enhancement of DANGEROUS DRUG CONTROL ACT OF 1972 such endangered species. The Secretary of Mr. BAYH. Mr. President, the Sub- Agriculture, in carrying out the purposes of this section, shall utilize his authorities to committee to Investigate Juvenile Delin- conduct research and investigations into quency, of which I am chairman, has vegetative and structural methods and other been conducting an intensive investiga- methods and practices, measures, works of tion into the abuse of psychotropic improvement, and facilities most appropri- ate or effective in the protection, control, cerned by the increasing abuse of am- danangere ect species. enhancement If determined desirable, bnesirable, - phetamines and barbiturates which the Secretary and the Secretary of Agricul- many medical experts believe has ture shall be authorized to jointly carry out reached crisis proportions. Last summer, research, surveys, and investigations. The we conducted hearings on amphetamine Secretary is authorized to transfer to the abuse in which we heard the tragic ex- Secretary of Agriculture such funds as may periences of many young people who had be necessary to carry out the purposes of been hooked on "speed" or "uppers," as this subsection. (d) Nothing in this Act, or any amend- ment made by this Act, shall be construed as superseding or limiting in any manner the functions and responsibilities of the Secre- tary of the Treasury under the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended, including, without limitation, section 527 of such Act relating to the importation of wildlife taken, killed, possessed, or exported to the United States in violation of the laws or regulations of a foreign country. CONFORMING AMENDMENTS SEC. 11. (a) Subsection 4(c) of the Act of October 15, 1966 (80 Stat. 928), as amended (16 U.S.C. 668dd(c)), is further amended by revising the second sentence thereof to read as follows: "With the exception of endanger- ed species listed by the Secretary pursuant to section 4 of the Endangered Species Con- servation Act of 1972, nothing in this Act shall be construed to authorize the Secretary to control or regulate hunting or fishing of resident fish and wildlife on lands not with- in the system." (b) Subsection 10(a) of the Migratory Bird Conservation Act (45 Stat. 1224), as amended (16 U.S.C. 715i(a)), is further amended by inserting "or likely within the foreseeable future to become threatened with" between the words "with" and "ex- tinction", The investigation and hearings con- ducted by the subcommittee have re- vealed barbiturate abuse to be both a sig- nificant public health problem and an ever increasing concern of law enforce- ment agencies. Barbiturate dependency and addiction have been described as more dangerous than amphetamine de- pendency and more widespread and physically destructive than heroin ad- diction. Barbiturate abuse is not a phe- nomenon restricted to the street culture of multiple drug abusers. It reaches into many areas of American life, affecting such diverse groups as grammar school, high school and college students, indus- trial workers, middle-class party goers and residents of our ghettos and barrios. Barbiturates are the best known of the drugs which are used medically to relax the central nervous system. On the street these sedatives are known as "downers" or "goofballs." They are also known as reds, red devils, yellow jackets, blue an- gels, rainbows, and Christmas trees. All are synthetically derived from barbituric acid. They vary, however, in the onset and duration of their action. Barbiturates are highly dangerous when taken without proper medical su- pervision. Increasing use of these pills quickly produces tolerance. Once toler- ance is achieved, the user experiences a euphoric effect from taking "downers." Rather than feeling merely drowsy and sluggish, he actually feels high and com- pletely insulated from reality. A regular abuser will suffer severe withdrawal symptoms when the drug is suddenly ter- minated. Severe withdrawal may be brought on even by a moderate reduc- tion of the accustomed dose. After 12 hours off the drug, the abuser experiences these drugs are known in the street cul- nervousness, headache, tremors, insom- ture. We also heard from leading doctors nia, fever, and nausea. After 3 days, he and criminologists that amphetamines may go into convulsions and delirium. were widely abused at all levels of. our Visual hallucinations, usually of a per- society. Shortly after the conclusion of secutory nature, are common. Barbitu- these hearings, the Bureau of Narcotics rate withdrawal is a serious medical and Dangerous Drugs announced. the emergency and requires hospitalization. administrative rescheduling of two am- It is more dangerous than heroin with- phetamine-like substances, with which drawal and can be deadly. Indeed, cer- we had been particularly concerned- tain kinds of barbiturate addiction are phenmetrazine-"Preludin"-and meth- regarded by many medical authorities as ylphenidate-"Ritalin"-from schedule more difficult to cure than narcotic ad- III to schedule II of the Controlled Sub- diction. stances Act of 1970. Under schedule II Barbiturates are used by millions of these drugs are subject to stricter pro- Americans in every stratum of society. duction and distribution controls, in- Unfortunately, in many homes some de- eluding the establishment of annual pro- gree of psychotropic drug abuse is com- duction quotas. Although industry re- mon, and usually unrecognized. Most quested production quotas of more than Americans simply do not realize the ter- twice the 1971 production, the ampheta- rible consequences of abusing, these mine quotas established for 1972 amount drugs. Barbiturates and amphetamines tc, an 80 percent reduction from 1971 are not viewed with the alarm that we production levels. view heroin and morphine, although we The subcommittee has pursued its in- know that when used improperly, the ef- vestigation of the abuse of psychotropic fects of these drugs may be even more drugs with particular emphasis on the devastating. Children grow up watch- problem of barbiturate abuse. During the ing their parents take these pills, and past 6 months, we have heard testimony they develop an acceptance of drug tak- Approved For Release 2005/01/27.: CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 S 11320 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE July 20, 1972 ing. Thus, casual attitudes toward these potentially destructive drugs, coupled with a readily available supply in the family medicine. cabinet, appear inti- mately connected with the current trend in youthful barbiturate abuse. Last December, the subcommittee con- ducted hearings on the nature and extent of barbiturate abuse. We heard repre- sentatives of the medical community de- scribe the enormous abuse potential of these drugs. Dr. Sidney Cohen, former Director, Division of Narcotic Addiction and Drug Abuse, National Institute of Mental Health, characterized 1972 as "the year of the downer." We heard young people who had experienced the horrors of barbiturate dependency relate how easy it is to obtain these dangerous drugs. In fact, many of the young wit- nesses had started down the terrible road to barbiturate addiction with pills taken from the family medicine cabinet. We learned from criminologists and sociolo- gists the dynamics of abuse and emerging nationwide patterns of barbiturate de- pendency and addiction. The subcommittee hearings on May 2, 3, and 17 focused on the problem of il- licit barbiturate traffic. We heard testi- mony from a New York reporter who ob- tained barbiturates with prescription blanks he had printed at a nominal cost, bearing the name of "Dr. D. M. Sugob" which, spelled backwards, reads "Bogus, M. D." These prescriptions showed no BNDD number as required by law. The senior officer of the Norfolk, Va., Nar- cotics Squad told the subcommittee that his city is experiencing a steady increase in the illegal use and distribution of barbiturates. In fact, he predicted no less than a 100-percent increase in ar- rests for possession and distribution of barbiturates during the coming year. Mr. Joseph P. Busch, district attor- ney of Los Angeles County, told the sub- committee that- Barbiturates have always played a maor role In the illegal drug traffic in Los Angeles and In recent years they have become the growth drug. He cited a recent survey of Los Angeles city schools showing barbiturates to be the No. 1 school drug problem. Mr. Busch described some of the typical bar- biturate cases encountered by juvenile officers in Los Angeles County: An eight year-old child. Dropped a red every day after school. His parents eventual- ly brought him to police. He said he enjoyed the feeling that the pills gave him. A sixteen year-old juvenile. Habit of eight or nine capsules a day. Booked under the influence. Began to convulse. Taken to Gen- eral Hospital. Released the next day. Picked up the same night, overdosed on street. Not arrested. Taken to Daniel Freeman Hospital, Released. Picked up on the next day under the in- fluence in a public park. Booked again. A fourteen year-old juvenile. Selling hash and pills in jars of 1,000. Using pills. Con- vulsed in juvenile hall going through with- drawal A seventeen year-old juvenile. 30 cap a day habit. He was taking eight caps a day before bed. Underwent medical withdrawal. Mr. Bryan Finkle, forensic toxicolo- gist, department of district attorney, County of Santa Clara, San Jose, Calif., reported that his county was experienc- Ing a secobarbital epidemic. He pre- ser}ted alarming data indicating that during the year July 1, 1969 to June 30, 1970, 45 percent of the 2,295 drug cases analyzed, or 75 percent of the 1,377 cases yielding positive results, involving the drug secobarbital; that 80 percent of these individuals were less than 26 years old; that 50 percent of the individuals involved in vehicle code offenses over a 2-year period resulting in accidents in- volved the drug secobarbital; and that the average blood concentration of seco- barbital of those involved in these acci- dents was three times the maximum con- centration found in persons taking seco- barbital therapeutically under medical supervision. A special assistant attorney general from New Mexico testified that every few weeks, 40,000 illegal barbiturates ar- rive in Santa Fe, a city with a popula- tion of 40,000, These dangerous drugs are sold on the streets, in school corri- dors, and even on playgrounds adjoining elementary schools. We learned that Santa Fe is averaging close to one bar- bitlirate death every 3 days. The youngest fatality, a 30-day-old infant, born a secobarbital addict, failed to sur- vive the violent convulsive consequences of its tragic entry into the world. lyfany witnesses, including former barbiturate addicts and law enforce- ment officials, have told the subcommit- tee that barbiturates are obtained il- licitly from friends, street dealers, physi- cians, pharmacies, or by pilfering abun- dantly supplied family medicine cabinets. Others have suggested that a significant percentage of the persons abusing bar- biturates obtain them originally through legitimate channels and then resort to self-medication, nonmedical, use, or illicit traffic. One youngster, age 16, remarked that it is less of a "hassle" to obtain "dgwners" than it is to purchase cigarettes. T have learned how readily available and inexpensive these drugs are from personal experience. Several months ago I visited a number of barbiturate treat- ment programs in California. During the course of a "rap session" with several barbiturate addicts, one young counselor at the Haight-Ashbury Free Clinic in San Francisco, himself a former bar- biturate addict, slipped out of the session unnoticed. In a matter of minutes he re- turned with the fruits of several minutes efforts: A handful of legitimately pro- duced "yellow jackets," purchased for 25 cents a capsule from a local street dealer. Although the specific numerical esti- mates differ, there is a consensus among those testifying to date, except for repre- sentatives of the drug industry, that a significant proportion of legitimately produced barbiturates find their way into the illicit market. Mr. John Ingersoll, the Director of the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, recently told the sub- committee that "unlike the case of all other, major drugs of abuse, it appears that barbiturates are supplied exclusively from what begins as legitimate produc- tion." In order to bring a clearer focus on the issues of barbiturate abuse and illicit barbiturate traffic, I recently introduced two pieces of legislation relating to the production, distribution, and control of barbiturates. S. 3539 would provide for the rescheduling of several commonly abused shorter acting barbiturates from schedule III to schedule II of the Con- trolled Substances Act. This change would subject these particular barbitu- rates to stricter production and distri- bution controls. S. 3538 would require all manufacturers of solid oral form sched- ule II barbiturates to place identifying marks or symbols on their, products. This bill would facilitate law enforcement ef- forts to determine the sources of diverted barbiturates. I appreciate the support of my 26 colleagues who have cosponsored these two measures. Today, I am introducing the "Danger- ous Drug Control Act of 1972" which will further assist law enforcement agencies in their investigations of the diversion of controlled substances. This measure also provides for the Attorney General to conduct a comprehensive study and analysis of the diversion of controlled substances. My bill will require manufacturers to incoroprate an inert tracer ingredient in all schedule II and schedule III stimu- lants and depressants, including the widely abused amphetamines and bar- biturates. The presence of these tracers will assist law enforcement agencies in the identification of diverted controlled substances, whether seized in bulk form or in the form of illicitly manufactured or illicitly capsulized pills. Such a tracer system has been recom- mended by numerous witnesses who have appeared before the subcommittee. Mr. Joseph P. Busch, district attorney of Los Angeles County, recommended that tracer materials be placed in all do- mestically produced barbiturate sub- stances. Mr. Busch illustrated the use- fulness of tracers in a recent heroin in- vestigation, in which his office placed a tracer in chemicals being shipped to a Mexican laboratory believed to be pro- ducing heroin. When the tracer appeared in heroin sold in California, Mr. Busch was able to verify the origin of the heroin. Tracers in stimulant and depressant substances would provide similar assist- ance in source identification. Consider- able evidence supports the hypothesis that legitimately produced domestic drugs, in bulk and dosage unit form, are shipped to Mexico and eventually im- ported to illicit markets in this country. The Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs and the Customs Bureau have seized 7,600,000 unmarked red secobar- bital units in the past 24 months. In one case, an individual was arrested in pos- session of 2 million unmarked red seco- barbital units and large quantities of amphetamines. The presence of a tracer would assist law enforcement officers in identifying the source of these drugs, even if the substances have been repack- aged or recapsulized for illegal trade. Tracers would in no way impair the qual- ity or the therapeutic value of these drugs. Although "California reds"-also known as "`Mexican reds"-have been found in Denver, New Orleans, and New York City, it is important to emphasize Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 July 20, 1972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE that this is a special situation super- imposed on a broader barbiturate abuse pattern affecting the entire Nation. The barbiturates seized in nearly all com- munities are legitimately produced do- mestic barbiturates in dosage unit form. My bill authorizes the Attorney Gen- eral to require the incorporation of trac- er, ingredients in other controlled sub- stances as may be necessary to control the diversion and abuse of these sub- stances. My bill requires the Attorney General, after consultation with the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare and oth- ers knowledgeable in the manufacture, distriution, and monitoring of controlled substances, to determine appropriate methods for incorporating tracer ingre- dients in depressants and stimulants. The Attorney General is required to con- duct research and educational programs to implement the tracer program; to de- velop rapid field and laboratory identi- fication tecniques; to train local, State, and Federal law enforcement personnel regarding the identification of tracer elements and investigation of diversion; and to establish standards to evaluate diversion and tracer control of other controlled substances. There is an urgent need for a compre- hensive information system for use in detecting and preventing drug diversion and in measuring the impact of enforce- ment and regulatory efforts. The Comp- troller General in the April 17, 1972 re- port of the General Accounting Office entitled "Efforts to Prevent Dangerous Drugs from Illicitly Reaching The Pub- lic", made the following conclusions rela- tive to reporting and identification of seized drugs by law enforcement agen- cies: DRUGS SEIZED BY STATE AND LOCAL ENFORCE- MENT GROUPS NOT EXAMINED BNDD, the Bureau of Customs, and State and local enforcement agencies seize large quantities of drugs. BNDD strives to identify the manufacturer of drugs seized by its agents and the Bureau of Customs, since the manufacturers' identity can be valuable in BNDD's investigation to determine the source and significance of the diversion. We found however that, although it had made some efforts to identify manufacturers of drugs seized by State and local enforcement agencies, BNDD had no formal procedures for obtaining such information and that infor- mal requests for samples of seized drugs had produced few results. Manufacturers of legally produced amphet- amines and barbiturates can be identified by marking, such as trade names and trade- marks, or by pillistics. Pillistics, a procedure similar to ballistics, identifies pills with the machines which produced them. BNDD has obtained samples (authentics) of pills from manufacturers which have been identified to specific machines. When the origin of seized pills is unknown, the pills can be compared with the authentics in an attempt to identi- fy the manufacturers that produced them. BNDD officials expressed the view that more complete information on the origin of drugs seized by State and local groups would be a valuable aid in their investigation. The value of this information is illustrated in a case involving amphetamine pills seized in California. Through its examination BNDD identified pills smuggled in from Mexico as being manufactured by a drug firm in the Midwest. Subsequent investigations at this firm revealed that large quantities of am- phetamines were en route to a fictitious ad- dress in Mexico. This shipment was seized. In our visit to 13 State and local enforce- ment groups in California, New Jersey, and New York, we learned that a number of large seizures had been made in the past year but that little attempt had been made to deter- mine the origin of the drugs. Most officials were not aware of BNDD's efforts to identify manufacturers but were willing to cooperate with BNDD In establishing such a system. In one large metropolitan police depart- ment, we found that over 1,358,000 pills were seized during 1970. Three of the seizures con- sisted of about 270,000, 96,000, and 68,000 pills and accounted for over 30 percent of the total seized. No attempt has been made by the police department to determine the origin of these drugs nor had BNDD obtained samples for this purpose. In other enforcement agencies, we found also that no attempt had been made to deter- mine the origin of many drug seizures rang- ing from 5,000 to over 100,000 pills. In ad- dition, we found that none of the enforce- ment agencies had uniform procedures for recording statistics on drug seizures and in several cases, no data was maintained. We believe that BNDD should establish a procedure to obtain information on drugs seized by State and local enforcement groups. BNDD also should obtain samples of large drug seizures for its examination when the origin of the drugs is unknown. In addition, a uniform reporting format should be sug- gested to State and local enforcement groups so that data could be gathered systematically and uniformly and could be reported to BNDD. The GAO report concludes that- Much more needs to be done by the Bu- reau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, the States, local agencies, and the industry to reduce the diversion of legitimately manu- factured drugs into illicit channels where they become easily available to young people and adults. My bill provides for the systematic collection of data relevant to drug diver- sion and requires a thorough assessment of law enforcement efforts in this area. It requires the Attorney General to ob- tain comprehensive data from State and local agencies; to assess law enforcement efforts to control diversion; and to in- sure that State and local information systems are compatible with the Attor- ney General's diversion program. Manufacturers, wholesalers and retail- ers registered under the Controlled Sub- stances Act of 1970 have expressed con- cern that reports they have made to BNDD regarding possible diversion have not been systematically investigated and that when investigations are conducted they are infrequently informed of the outcome. My bill requires the Attorney General to establish uniform procedures to monitor and investigate all reports of dangerous drug purchases and orders of an unusual or suspicious nature and to systematically inform the reporting par- ties regarding the results of BNDD in- vestigations. To date there has been no systematic gathering of available data on the nature and extent of diversion. My bill requires the Attorney General to obtain from State and local law enforcement agen- cies all available information, including reports of thefts, seizures, and arrests in- volving controlled substances. The military services purchase sub- stantial amounts of dangerous drugs S 11321 each year. The Defense Personnel Sup- port Center in Philadelphia, Pa., pur- chased about 131 million pills and cap- sules of dangerous drugs during fiscal years 1970 and 1971. The possibility of diversion within the military supply sys- tem is considerable. Many witnesses tes- tifying before the subcommittee have indicated that military bases, depots, and hospitals are common points of diver- sion for amphetamines, barbitarurates, and other dangerous drugs. The GAO report found that procedures for the military services to provide information to BNDD on thefts and other shortages of dangerous drugs are not adequate. My bill requires the Attorney General to obtain information on thefts and shortages within the military supply sys- tem and to establish procedures for reg- ular meetings with appropriate military officials on mutual problems concerning the diversion of controlled substances. To assure that information regarding the diversion of controlled substances receives appropriate attention, my bill provides that the Attorney General shall submit a comprehensive annual report to the Congress on the diversion of con- trolled substances. The report will in- clude an assessment of the nature and extent of diversion; an appraisal of the effectiveness of law enforcement efforts to curb diversion; and an evaluation of the tracer system provided in my bill in the investigation and prevention of di- version. The Controlled Substances Act of 1970 requires that persons manufacturing, distributing, and dispensing controlled substances register with the Attorney General. In determining whether to reg- ister an applicant, the Attorney General is required to determine whether a reg- istrant has failed to maintain effective controls against the diversion of any controlled substance, and whether he has failed to provide a standard of con- trol consistent with public health and, safety. Yet, under the 1970 act, the At- torney General is not authorized to re- voke or suspend the registration of per- sons who abandon controlled substances. My bill authorizes the Attorney Gen- eral to revoke or suspend the registration of manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers, and others who abandon controlled sub- stances, such as amphetamines and bar- biturates, or who fail to provide controls consistent with public health and safety. Criminal penalties are provided for reg- istrants who abandon controlled sub- stances. Thus, the Attorney General can insure not only that prospective regis- trants meet standards necessary to curb the diversion of controlled substances into illicit channels, but also that those currently registered to manufacture, dis- tribute, or dispense controlled substances continue to meet these same standards. The abuse and diversion of legitimately produced dangerous drugs into channels other than legitimate medical, scientific, and industrial channels should be a pri- mary concern for all citizens. The sub- committee, the Congress, and the public at large are all too familiar with the hor- rors of drug dependency and addiction and their attendant destructiveness and tragedy. While the current focus of con- Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 - S 11322 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE July 20, 19 i 22 tern today is on heroin addiction, it would be folly to overlook the present and pros- pective role of legitimately produced dan- gerous drugs. My bills S. 3539, S. 3538, and the Dan- gerous Drug Control Act of 1972 which I am introducing today, provide the assist- ance necessary to aid the law enforce- ment agencies of this country in their efforts to deal more effectively with the diversion of controlled dangerous drugs. We have learned from the experience of major urban areas, especially those on the west coast, that barbiturate abuse and addiction is a natural outgrowth of the abuse of psychedelic drugs and am- phetamines and that many heroin ad- dicts and methadone users are abusing or are addicted to barbiturates. Patterns of abuse experienced in California are emerging in cities and towns throughout our country. This "ripple effect" should clearly alert us to the need to control and monitor more adequately the pro- duction and distribution of dangerous drugs. I urge my colleagues to support the Dangerous Drug Control Act of 1972. Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- sent that a section-by-section analysis of the bill, together with the bill itself, be printed at this point in my remarks. There being no objection, the bill and analysis were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: S. 3819 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That this Act may be cited as the "Dangerous Drug Control Act of 1972." SEC. 2. Section 305 of the Controlled Sub- stances Act (Public Law 91-513, 84 Stat. 1250) Is amended by adding at the end there- of the following new paragraph: "(e) (1) It shall be unlawful to manu- facture or distribute Schedule II or Schedule III depressant and stimulant controlled sub- stances, including immediate precursors, un- less such substances contain an inert, in- nocuous tracer ingredient identifying the manufacturer or manufacturers, as required by regulation of the Attorney General. (2) The Attorney General is authorized to re- quire the Incorporation of tracer ingredients in any controlled substance as necessary to maintain effective control against diversion into other than legitimate medical, scientific, and industrial channels." SEC. 3. Section 602 of the Controlled Sub- stances Act is amended by redesignating paragraphs (b), (c) and (d) as paragraphs (c), (d) and (e), respectively, and by adding after (a) the following new paragraph: "(b) The Attorney General, after consulta- tion with the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare and with national organizations representative of persons with knowledge and experience in the manufacture, distribution and monitoring of controlled substances, shall determine appropriate methods for in- corporating tracer ingredients in Schedule II and III depressant and stimulant sub- stances in a manner that will facilitate the Investigation of the illegal diversion of these substances. To carry out the purposes of sec- tion 305(e) and of this section the Attorney General shall conduct research and educa- tional programs. Such programs shall in- elude- "(1) studies or special research projects designed to develop and implement a net- work of tracer elements to be Incorporated in Schedule II and III depressant and stimulant substances so as to facilitate law enforce- ment efforts to identify the channels of il- legal diversion of these substances. "(2) studies or special research projects to develop rapid field and laboratory methods for identification of the tracer elements and manufacturers of Schedule II and III depres- sant and stimulant substances. "(3) training programs for local, State, and Federal law enforcement personnel on the identification of tracer elements and the in- vestigation of diversion of Schedule II and III depressant and stimulant substances. designed to establish standards to evaluate diversion of controlled substances other than depressants and stimulants in schedule II or schedule III and the necessity for incor- porating tracer ingredients in such sub- stances pursuant to section 305(e) (2)." SEC. 4. (a) Part E of the Controlled Sub- stances Act is amended by adding imme- diately after section 503 thereof the following new sections: "INFORMATION ON DIVERSION OF DEPRESSANTS AND STIMULANTS "SEC. 504. In order to meet the need for comprehensive information required to measure the extent of controlled substance diversion and the impact of efforts to curb such diversion the Attorney General shall- "(1) Establish regulations to obtain from State and local law enforcement agencies information necessary to evaluate the diver- sion of controlled substances; to assess law enforcement efforts to control such diver- sion; and to insure that new State and local information systems are consistent with the Attorney General's diversion control efforts. "(2) Establish a uniform information system for each region that will provide control over all reports of dangerous drug purchases and orders of an unusual or sus- picious nature received from registrants and over the disposition of such reports. "(3) Direct regional offices to obtain from State and local law enforcement agencies available information on the diversion of controlled substances, including reports of thefts, seizures, and arrests involving such substances. "(4) Obtain information on thefts and shortages of controlled substances within the military supply system and establish a pro- cedure: for meeting with appropriate military officials on a regular basis to exchange in- formation on mutual problems concerning the diversion of controlled substances. "REPORT TO CONGRESS "SEC. 505. Within one year after the effec- tive date of section 305(e), and annually thereafter, the Attorney General shall sub- mit to the Congress a comprehensive report on the diversion of controlled substances in- cluding, but not limited to, the following: "(1) The nature and extent of controlled substances diversion; "(2) The effectiveness of law enforcement efforts to curb diversion; "(3) The operation of the tracer system provided for in this Act, and its effectiveness in the investigation and prevention of diver- sion of controlled substances into Illegal channels. (b) Sections 504 through 516 of Part E of such ACt are hereby redesignated as sections 506 through 618, respectively." SEC. 5. (a) Section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act is amended by adding imme- diately after clause (1) thereof the follow- ing new clause: "(12) The term 'abandon' means to relin- quish voluntarily possession or control of a controlled substance without vesting posses- sion or control in another person authorized under this Act to have such possession or control." (b) Clauses (12) through (26) of section 102 of such Act are hereby redesignated as clauses (13) through (27) respectively. (c) Section 304(a) of the Controlled Sub- stances, Act is amended (1) by striking out "or" after the semicolon in clause (2); (2) by striking out the period at the end of clause (3) and inserting in lieu thereof a semicolon and the word "or"; and (3) by adding after clause (3) the following new clauses: "(4) has abandoned or otherwise failed to maintain effective controls against the di- version of any controlled substance into other than legitimate medical, scientific, research, or industrial channels; or "(5) has failed to provide a standard of control consistent with the public health or safety." (d) That part of section 401(b) of the Controlled Substances Act which precedes paragraph (1) (A) thereof is amended by in- serting immediately before the word "shall", a comma and the following: "or any person subject to the requirements of part C who violates subsection (d) of this section,". (e) Section 401 is amended by adding at the end thereof the following: "(d) It shall be unlawful for any person who Is subject to the requirements of part C of this title to abandon a controlled sub- stance.". SEC. 6. (a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, all sections in this Act including this section shall become effective upon en- actment. (b) Section 305(e) shall become effective on the first day of the twelfth calendar month that begins after the day immedi- ately preceding the date of enactment. SEC. 7. There are authorized to be appro- priated for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1973, and for each of the next five years, such sums as may be necessary for carrying out this Act. SECTION-BY-SECTION ANALYSIS SECTION 1 This section contains a short title to reflect the amending of the Controlled Substances Act of 1970. SECTION 2 This section amends section 305 of the Act making it unlawful to manufacture or dis- tribute Schedule II or Schedule III depres- sant and stimulant substances unless they contain tracer ingredients. It also author- iezs the Attorney General to require tracers in other substances as may be necessary. SECTION 3 This section amends sections 502 of the Act by requiring the Attorney General, after consultation with the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare and others knowl- edgeable in the manufacture, distribution and monitoring of controlled substances, to determine appropriate methods for incor- porating tracers in depressants and stimulant controlled substances. This amendment of section 502 requires the Attorney General to conduct programs to implement the tracer program; to develop rapid field and labora- tory tracer identification techniques; to train local, State and Federal law enforcement personnel regarding the identification of tracer elements and investiagtion of diver- sion; and to establish standards to evaluate diversion and tracer control of other con- trolled substances. SECTION 4 (A) This subsection amends Part E of the Act by adding two new sections. The new sec- tion 504 requires the Attorney General to establish regulations to otbain comprehensive information from State and local law en- forcement agencies in order to assess the nature and extent of diversion and the im- pact of efforts to curb diversion; to estab- lish a uniform system for investigating and reporting the disposition of inevstigations regarding dangerous drug purchases and orders of an unusual or suspicious nature reported by registrants under the Act; to obtain from State and local law enforcement agencies all currently available information on the diversion of controlled substances, in- Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 July 20, 1 972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE eluding reports of thefts, seizures and arrests involving such substances; and to obtain' information on thefts and shortages of con- trolled substances within the military supply system and establish regular meetings with the military services regarding diversion of such substances. The new section 505 requires the Attorney General to submit an annual report to the Congress on the nature and extent of con- trolled substances diversion; the effective- ness of law enforcement efforts to curb di- version of controlled substances; and the ef- fectiveness of the tracer system. SECTION 4 (B) This subsection redesignates sections 504 through 516 of the Act. SECTION 5 (A) This subsection defines "abandon" as a voluntary relinquishment of possession, or control of a controlled substance without vesting possession or control in another au- thorized person. SECTION 5 (B) This subsection redesignates clauses 12 through 26 of section 102 of the Act. SECTION 5 (C) This subsection amends section 304(a) of the Act by providing that abandonment or failure to maintain effective controls against diversion or failure to provide a standard of control consistent with the public health or safety are grounds for suspension or revo- cation of the registration required to manu- facture, distribute or dispense controlled substances under the Act. SECTION 5 (D) This subsection amends section 401(b) of the Act by providing criminal penalties for registrants who abandon controlled sub- stances. SECTION 6 (A) This subsection provides that all sections except section 305(e) shall become effective upon enactment. SECTION 6 (B) This subsection provides that section 305 (e) of this Act, requiring the incorporation of tracer ingredients In certain controlled substances, shall become effective one year after the date of enactment. SECTION 7 This section authorizes such sums as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this Act for fiscal year 1973 ano for each of the By Mr. McGOVERN: S. 3820. A bill to provide for payment of costs of pending litigation out of funds appropriated to pay a judgment in favor of the Yankton Sioux Tribe in Indian Claims Commission docket No. 332-A. Referred to the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. President, the Yankton Sioux Tribe of South Dakota is one of the smaller, poorer tribes of the United States. Pursuant to the Indian Claims Commission Act, the tribe filed claims against the United States-a land claim for lands once owned by the tribe in. Iowa, generally described as the Royce 151 claim, a claim for lands ceded by an 1858 treaty, generally described as the Royce 410 and Sioux Fort Lramie claims, and a suit for an accounting of funds and properties of the tribe by the United States. The Royce 151 claim was litigated as docket No. 332-A in the Indian Claims Commission. It resulted in a judgment for the Yankton Sioux Tribe In the amount of $1,250,000. Funds to satisfy the judgment were appropriated by the Congress by the act of July 22, 1969 (83 Stat. 49). Those funds, less attorney fees, expenses, and planning funds have been invested but are not available for use by the tribe until Con- gress approves their distribution. Funds were borrowed by the Yankton Sioux Tribe from the "Expert Assistance Loan Fund" established by the act of November 4, 1963 (77 Stat. 301) with which to retain expert anthropologists to aid them in establishing their claim to aboriginal title of the Royce 410 area and to recognized title along with the Teton Sioux in the Sioux Fort Laramie lands. Those funds were repaid to the loan fund out of the award in docket No. 332-A. In the land case still pending, which is Indian Claims Commission docket num- bered 332-C, the Yankton Tribe alleged that it was paid an unconscionably low compensation for the lands which they gave up pursuant to treaty in 1858, rati- fled in 1859. To prove this, the tribe must establish the market value of those lands as of 1859 and further prove that the con- sideration which the Government actual- ly paid for the lands was considerably less than the true value of the lands at that time. The experts will also have to study whether the consideration moneys appropriated by Congress actually were used for the benefit of the Yankton Tribe. The area involved covers at least 72 mil- lion acres, most of it in the Sioux-Fort Laramie area. Although the Commission determined that the Yankton Tribe owned only a 17-percent interest in the vast Sioux-Fort Laramie area, the en- tire tract must be appraised in order to determine the worth of a 17-percent in- terest therein. This proof requires the assistance of expert appraisers experienced in the field of historical appraisal, a mineral ap- praiser to determine the value as of 1859 of then-known minerals in the area, and historians to receive the times. In the accounting phase of the case which is Indian Claims Commission docket No. 332-B, the tribe will need the aid of his- torians, anthropologists and accountants. When the claims have been determined, the tribe will need the aid of historians and accountants to defend against the Government's claim of offsets. The valuation phase of the Yankton land claim has been set for hearing in November of this year and the Yankton Tribe's attorneys are making every effort to be prepared for trial on that date. As early as March 3, 1971, the General Council of. the Yankton Tribe passed a resolution earmarking $150,000 of the funds due the tribe from their docket No. 332-A award to cover these necessary litigation expenses. No attorney fees will be paid from this litigation fund. The at- torneys work on a contingent fee basis and will be paid if the pending claims are successfully concluded. The attorneys had earlier advised the tribe to file an application for additional funds from. the expert witness loan fund. The appli- cation was granted-subject to avail- ability of funds. To date, no additional funds are available for the Yankton Tribe's use. Appraisers, historians, and accountants undertook to do the work S 11323 expecting funds to be available long be- fore today either from the loan fund or from the tribe's own funds to pay their fees and expenses. The loan fund is ex- hausted and the tribe's funds are held up here in Congress because of a dis- agreement over how much of the funds may be distributed per capita. The bill introduced today would release the $150,000 of Yankton funds, or as much as shall be necessary to pay fees and expenses of expert witnesses to avoid further delay in the litigation of claims before the Indian Claims Commission. Use of the balance of the award arising from docket 332-A can then be deter- mined at a later time. There is no disagreement concerning the establishment of this litigation fund to finance the tribe's remaining claims. If these funds are not made available for use in the litigation now, the Novem- ber 16, 1972, trial date for docket No. 332-C-which is the Yankton's largest claim-will have to be postponed. No in- terest is generally paid to the tribe on judgment awards for lands taken where unconscionable consideration was paid. Therefore. if the Yankton Tribe is de- prived of the use of its money at this time to prosecute its pending claims, there will be several hundreds of thou- sands of dollars lost to the tribe solely because of the delay in obtaining its judgment. In addition, the necessary experts have been retained and have commenced their work with the trial date of November 16, 1972, scheduled in their workload. If the litigation fund from docket No. 332-A is not made available, these experts will be forced to discontinue their work. Re- sumption of activity by these experts at a later date will only result in more re- quired work, more compensation to be paid by the tribe and a rescheduling of a trial date in the future which must be mutually acceptable to the Indian Claims Commission and the experts-for both the tribe and the Government. Therefore, denial of the use of this litigation fund at this time will result in delayed justice to the Yankton Tribe for claims now over 100 years old and, more important, definite loss of sub- stantial moneys to the tribe. Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- sent that the full text of he bill I am now introducing be printed at this point in the RECORD. There being no objection, the bill was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows : S. 3820 Be it enacted by the Senate and Souse of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Yankton Sioux Tribal Business and Claims Committee is hereby authorized and directed, pursuant to a resolution adopted by the Yankton Genera. Indian Tribal Council at a meeting held March 3, 1971, to use not to exceed $150,000 of the tribal funds appropri- ated by the Act of July 22, 1969 (83 Stat. 49), and standing to the credit of the Yankton Sioux Tribe of Indians in the State of South Dakota arising from the judgment award on docket numbered 332-A, known as the Royce 151 claim and that this fund or so much thereof as may be needed shall be used to pay the expenses and compensation of the competent experts whose services are neces- Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 S 11324 Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 '- S CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE July 20, 10723 sary in the completition of their litigation In the Indian Claims Commission, dockets numbered 332-B and 332-C. By Mr. MILLER (for himself and Mr. HUGHES) : S. 3822. A bill authorizing the City of Clinton Bridge Commission to convey its bridge structures and other assets to the State of Iowa and to provide for the completion of a partially constructed bridge across the Mississippi River at or near Clinton, Iowa, by the State High- way Commission of the State of Iowa. Referred to the Committee on Public Works. Mr. MILLER. Mr. President, I intro- duce, for myself and my colleague from Iowa, a bill to authorize the City of Clin- ton Bridge Commission to convey its bridge structures and other assets to the State of Iowa and to provide for the completion of a partially constructed bridge across the Mississippi River at Clinton, Iowa, by the Iowa State High- way Commission. The Clinton Bridge Commission was originally created under Federal law in 1944 to construct and operate bridges across the Mississippi River at Clinton, Iowa. The commission presently owns and operates two bridges, and in recent years has undertaken the construction of another bridge to replace one of the existing. bridges which is inadequate. As a result of a limitation in the enabling legislation on allowable interest that could be charged on bonds to finance construction of bridges, and because of an unfavorable ruling on the tax exempt status of any bonds, the commission has been unable to raise funds to complete the new bridge. Recently the Iowa State Highway Commission and the bridge commission agreed that construction of the bridge could best be completed by turning over the project to the highway commission. In order to facilitate this transfer and to insure the tax exempt status of the bonds, the highway commission has re- quested that Federal legislation be passed. Therefore, I am introducing this bill to authorize the transfer of the cur- rent bridges and assets of the Clinton Bridge Commission to the highway com- mission and to authorize the latter to complete construction of the new bridge. It is my understanding that the Iowa and Illinois Highway Commissions, and the Clinton Bridge Commission are all in favor of this legislation. It is hoped that the Public Works Committee will act expeditiously on this matter and, if necessary to facilitate passage, will add the provisions of the bill to the Highway Act of 1972 or other legislation which will be acted upon this year. A similar bill has been introduced in the House. I ask unanimous consent that a copy of the bill and a background memoran- dum prepared by the attorneys for the Iowa State Highway Commission be printed in the RECORD at this point. There being no objection, the bill and memorandum were ordered to be printed In the RECORD, as follows: S. 3822 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That in or- der to facilitate interstate commerce by ex- pediting the completion of interstate bridge facilities across the Mississippi River in the vicinity of the City of Clinton, Iowa, the City of Clinton Bridge Commission (here- after referred to as the "Commission"), cre- ated and operating under the Act approved December 21, 1944, as revived, amended and re-enacted, is hereby authorized to sell, con- vey and transfer to the State of Iowa all of its real and personal property, books, rec- ords, money and other assets, including all existing bridges for vehicular traffic crossing the Mississippi River at or near the City of Clinton, Iowa, and the substructure consti- tuting the partially constructed new bridge which has been designed to replace the older of the two existing vehicular bridges, to- gether with all easements, approaches and approach highways appurtenant to said bridge structures, and to enter into such agreements with the State Highway Commis- sion of the State of Iowa (hereafter referred to as the "Highway Commission"), and The Department of Transportation of the State of Illinois as may be necessary to accomplish the foregoing: Provided, however, That at or before the time of delivery of the deeds and other instruments of conveyance, all out- standing indebtedness or other liabilities of said Commission must either have been paid in full as to both principal and interest or sufficient funds must have been set aside in a special fund pledged to retire said outstand- ing indebtedness or other liabilities and in- terest thereon at or prior to maturity, to- gether with any premium which may be re- quired to be paid in the event of payment of the Indebtedness prior to maturity. The cost to the Highway Commission of acquir- Ing the existing bridge structures by the State of Iowa shall Include all engineering, legal, financing, architectural, traffic survey- ing and other expenses as may be necessary to accomplish the conveyance and transfer of the properties, together with such amount as may be necessary to provide for the pay- ment of the outstanding indebtedness or other liabilities of the Commission as here- inbefore referred to, and permit the dissolu- tion of the Commission as hereinafter pro- vided, less the amount of cash on hand which is turned over to the Highway Commission by the Commission. SEc. 2. The Highway Commission is hereby authorized to accept the conveyance and transfer of the abovementioned bridge struc- tures, property and assets of the City of Clinton Bridge Commission on behalf of the State of Iowa, to complete the construction of the new replacement bridge, to repair, reconstruct, maintain and operate as toll bridges the existing bridges so acquired until the new replacement bridge has been com- pleted, to dismantle the older of the two existing bridges upon completion of the new replacement bridge, and to thereafter repair, reconstruct, maintain and operate the two remaining bridges as toll bridges. There is hereby conferred upon the Highway Com- mission the right and power to enter upon such lands and to acquire, condemn, occupy, possess, and use such privately owned real estate and other property in the State of Iowa and the State of Illinois as may be needed for the location, construction, recon- struction or completion of any such bridges and for the operation and maintenance of any bridge and the approaches, upon making just compensation therefor to be ascertained and paid according to the laws of the State in which such real estate or other property is situated, and the proceedings therefor shall be the same as in the condemnation of private property for public purposes by said State. The Highway Commission is fur- ther authorized to enter into agreements with the State of Illinois and any agency or sub-, division thereof, and with any agency or sub- division of the State of Iowa, for the acquisi- tion, lease, or use of any lands or property owned by such state or political subdivision. The cost of acquiring the existing bridge structures, of completing the replacement bridge and of dismantling the bridge to be replaced and paying expenses incidental thereto as referred to in Section 1 of this General Assembly of the State of Iowa, or through the use of any other funds available for the purpose, or both. The above described toll bridge structures shall be repaired, re- constructed, maintained and operated by the Highway Commission In accordance with the provisions of the General Bridge Act of 1946, approved August 2, 1946, and the location and plans for the replacement bridge shall be approved by the Secretary of Transporta- tion in accordance with the provisions of said Act, as well as by The Department of Trans- portation of the State of Illinois. The rates and schedule of tolls for said bridges shall be charged and collected in accordance with said General Bridge Act of 1946 and applica- ble Iowa legislation and shall be continuously adjusted and maintained so as to provide a fund sufficient to pay for the reasonable cost of maintaining, repairing and operating the bridges and approaches under economical management, to provide a fund sufficient to pay the principal of and interest on such bonds as may be issued by the Highway Com- mission as the same shall fall due and the redemption or repurchase price of all or any thereof redeemed or repurchased before ma- turity, and to repay any money borrowed by any other means in connection with the ac- quisition, construction, reconstruction, com- pletion, repair, operation or maintenance of any of said bridge structures. All tolls and other revenues from said bridges are hereby pledged to such uses. No obligation created pursuant to any provision of this Act shall constitute an indebtedness of the United States. SEc. 3. After all bonds or other obligations issued or indebtedness incurred by the High- way Commission or loans of funds for the account of said bridges and interest and premium, if any, have been paid, or after a sinking fund sufficient for such payment shall have been provided and shall be held solely for that purpose, the State of Iowa shall deliver deeds or other suitable in- struments of conveyance of the interest of the State of Iowa in and to those parts ly- ing within Illinois of said bridges to the State of Illinois or any municipality or agency thereof as may be authorized by or pursuant to law to accept the same, and thereafter the bridges shall be properly re- paired, reconstructed, maintained and oper- ated, free of tolls by the State of Iowa and by the State of Illinois, or any municipality or agency thereof, as may be agreed upon. SEC. 4. The interstate bridge or bridges purchased, constructed or completed under the authority of this Act and the Income derived therefrom shall, on and after the ef- fective date of this Act, be exempt from all Federal, State, municipal, and local property and income taxation. SEc. 5. After all of the property, books, rec- ords, money and other assets of the City of Clinton Bridge Commission have been con- veyed and transferred to the State of Iowa as contemplated by this Act, such Commis- sion shall cease to exist, without the ne- cessity for any hearing, order or other of- ficial action. SEc. 6. The right to alter, amend, or repeal this Act is hereby expressly reserved. MEMORANDUM MARCH 15, 1972 1. The City of Clinton Bridge Commission (the "Bridge Commission") was created un- Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 H 7064 Approved For ReI M(gRW? Ada 80300230080-24ugust 1, 1-972 nuclear power than they do with fossil fuels. In the long run, the extensive public debates about nuclear power will seem secondary. There is no alternative to substantial use of nuclear power. Q. But right now there is a lively debate about the future availability of uranium with some people suggesting we won't have enough cheap uranium to fuel the nuclear plants we'll be building in the next 10 years. A. It's hard to anticipate just how long low-cost uranium reserves will last. The es- timates of uranium reserves in the United States are made on a quite conservative basis. Much of the world has not been explored, and even in the United States there are areas that have not been explored. There was a find recently along the Santa Fe Railway in New Mexico. I think we can count on having plenty of uranium to meet our needs. Eventually the price of uranium would be- gin to rise and then the economics of light water reactors would start to suffer. We would begin to run out of low-cost uranium, but that is where the fast breeder reactor would prove its merits, because the price of electric power in the breeder is essentially Insensi- tive to the price of uranium. The breeder will exploit about 70 per cent of the energy con- tent in uranium, whereas the light water reactors built today exploit only 1 per cent of the energy content. In fact, the breeder will permit us to use what is a major potential asset in the United States and that is the vast amounts of depleted uranium left over from our weapons program, which could fuel breeders for almost a century. Q. The United States has spent more than 20 years and about $800 million on breeder research. The AEC is about to enter into a contract for the first breeder demonstration plant, which is to be located in the Tennessee Valley. When can the country expect to see commercial electricity from the breeder? A. President Nixon has indicated that we should have an operating "demo" plant by 1980, and that continues to be our objec- tive. We will be very close to that and I hope we beat it. We've ironed out all the outstand- ing problems except for the site, which we're now looking at. There are four or five sites under consideration. There will be a second demo plant located outside the Tennessee Valley. Our best judgment is that the first commercial breeders would be coming in after 1985. Q. Few Americans understand the concept of the fast breeder. Can you describe how it would work and can you discuss its safety aspects? A. The fast breeder is just what the name suggest. Fast or highly energetic neutrons are produced in the fission process, and are absorbed by the fertile uranium-238. The absorption of neutrons converts the urani- um-238 into plutonium-239, which can be used as fuel. We anticipate that in 10 years' time a fast breeder would produce twice as much fuel as was consumed. On the safety aspects, a better understand- ing seems to be developing. For example, the power densities will be about six times higher in the breeder than they are in the light water reactor. That means that if all of the coolant were lost from around the fuel, it is more difficult to dissipate the leftover heat to avoid melting the fuel. But in the breeder there is far less likelihood of losing the coolant even in the case of an instantaneous double-ended major pipe rupture. The reason is that liquid sodium is used to cool the hot reactor core instead of water. One of the most important things to remember about sodium as a reac- tor coolant is that its boiling point is about 1,600 degrees F., and consequently it does not have to be pressurized like water. Because it won't be pressurized, one avoids any chance of a major loss-of-coolant accident through blow-doyen, when loss of pressure turns very hot cooling water instantaneously into steam. That can't happen with a liquid metal cool- ant, because the coolant won't be under significant pressure. It has been pointed out that hot sodium is tricky to handle, that it reacts rapidly on contact with air or moisture. The design calls for the steel coolant system to be surrounded by nitrogen, so that if there are leaks of sodium there won't be any serious reaction of the hot liquid metal with oxygen. I should also point out that liquid sodium is not a new coolant. We and others throughout the world have used it in reactor plants safely for over 20 years. More than a dozen sodium-cooled reactors have operated over this period of time. Sodium has been used in the 1 BR-II fan experimental breeder reactor in Arco, Idaho] for over eight years, and it was used for three years as the coolant in the world's second nuclear submarine, the Seawolf Q. Once nuclear power becomes really big business the question of the disposal of radioactive wastes comes up. How does the AEC plan to store its wastes once the nuclear garbage begins to pile up? A. Since the quantities of accumulated wastes are small, we do not have to begin storming high-level wastes from the com- mercial power reactors in a separate reposi- tory until about 1960. What we plan to do is to develop surface storage facilities at the same time that we continue to investigate geologic storage in a variety of configura- tions. We have put off any decision to move into underground geologic storage because the decision seemed to be an irreversible one. There has been concern about the effects of the long-term dissipation of heat from the solid wastes on salt formations. There is also concern that once placed underground, the wastes could become Irretrievable. I think further experimentation will resolve these uncertainties, but until such time as these uncertainties are resolved we plan to have an acceptable alternative-the capability for storing such high-level solid wastes safely above ground. One of the problems in salt storage is that you must dissipate heat by natural means in a relatively confined area, with the salt close- ly packed around the cylinders, where one would want to watch what the dissipated heat might do to the salt and to the other geologic structures adjoining the salt. At the surface we can use methods by which the heat is readily dissipated, we're able to cool the cylinders and we're able to watch them for leaks. We're also able to move these wastes from one storage vault to another or re-can them if a leak should occur. Don't forget, these wastes will be solifled. There will be no liquids to worry about. The amount of wastes will be very small when the waste storage program begins, no matter where we're putting it. A 1 million kilowatt plant will produce about a cubic meter of high-level waste per year. All of the high-level wastes that will be generated by the year 2000 will require no more than 30 acres of total storage area, even if we store the wastes above ground. 1DRUG TRAFFIC The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a previous order of the House, the gentle- man from New York (Mr. WOLFF), is recognized for 5 minutes. Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, this morn- ing the Bureau of Narcotics and Dan- gerous Drugs held a press conference to refute charges made in a syndicated col- umn yesterday that some 26 tons of opium destroyed by the Thai Govern- ment on March 7, 1972, may not have been entirely opium. At this press conference, it was ad- mitted for the first time that about $1 million of U.S. funds were spent for resettlement of certain KMT irregular forces in Thailand in connection with the so-called seizure of the 26 tons. I must strenuously protest the outright deception involved in the buying of this quantity of opium. No American or Thai official statement or any press dispatch ever mentioned that U.S. funds were in- volved in this so-called seizure which has been cited again and again by admin- istration spokesmen as evidence of Thai cooperation to halt the drug traffic. If the United States did buy up opium and see to it that it was destroyed, then the action might be defended. But, ac- cording to the BNDD, all we did was pay and inspect part of it before it was burned. Meanwhile, it was the Thais who collected it, tested it at the time of col- lection, and ultimately destroyed it. I had hoped that the BNDD might clear this matter up. However, all that has happened is that the new question of U.S. involvement in this case has sur- faced and the BNDD spokesman ad- mitted that he had not even read the official interagency report upon which the Anderson column had been based. Therefore, I renew my request for this additional documentation in this mat- ter so that we in the Foreign Affairs Committee may have the information available to s for our study and consideration. SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED By unanimous consent, permission to address the House, following the legis- lative program and any special orders heretofore entered, was granted to: (The following Members (at the re- quest of Mr. TERRY) to revise and ex- tend their remarks and include extrane- ous matter:) Mr. KEMP, for 15 minutes, today. Mr. McDADE, for 5 minutes,, today. Mr. FRENZEL, for 15 minutes. today. Mr. WILLIAMS, for 5 minutes. today. (The following Members (at the re- quest of Mr. DENHOLM) to revise and ex- tend their remarks and include extrane- ous matter:) Mr. GONZALEZ, for 5 minutes, today. Mr. RONCALIO, for 15 minutes, today. Mr. WOLFF, for 5 minutes, today. Mr. HESERT, for 60 minutes, August 3. EXTENSION OF REMARKS By unanimous consent, permission to revise and extend remarks was granted to: (The following Members (at the re- quest of Mr. TERRY) and to include ex- traneous matter:) Mr. MCCOLLISTER in three instances. Mr. BROYHILL of Virginia. Mr. KEATING in two instances. Mr. MCCLOSKEY. Mr. CARLSON. Mr. CONTE. Mr. GUBSER. Mr. WYMAN in two instances. Mr. GROVER. Mr, MIZELL in 10 instances. Mr. ZWACH. Mr. BRAY in four instances. Mr. STEIGER Of Wisconsin. Mr. STEELE in two instances. Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 August 1, 1972 Approved Feb"gS?UNW/xELVftD-DPWSf15R000300230080-2 I-17063 openly dislikes. The limousine broke down once and he happily walked the half mile back to his home, got into his beat-up car and drove his chauffeur and himself to the office. Q. The whole country talks as if the United States is in the midst of an energy crisis. The White House says it, the Congress says it and the press says it. What do you think? A. I would prefer to avoid the general term "crisis." Clearly we have a problem with re- gard to fuels. We have topped out, in terms of oil production in the lower 48 states, at about 10 million barrels a day. Assuming Alaska comes on, that will provide an addi- tional 2 million barrels a day. If you can- Bider prospective demands for 1980, it lies somewhere between 22 million and 28 million barrels a day. If one took the immediately prospective oil prices for 1972, and we're talking about importing as many as 16 mil- lion barrels a day in 1980, the cost of that would be in excess of $15 billion a year. The U.S. balance of payments is in a rather parlous condition, and it's not clear that additional outpayment of $15 billion a year for foreign oil is something we can support. And that is only assuming a static situation. The trend in oil prices is up, and one can anticipate they will continue upward. So that the burden on U.S. balance of pay- ments, unless we're able to substitute other fuels for oil, could be on the order of $30 billion a year. Beyond the question of fuel supply, there is a seemingly chronic problem with respect to electric service reliability. In the near term, there has been concern regarding regional shortages of electric power supply with the resultant possibilities of brownouts and even blackouts. Q. Can we substitute gas and coal for oil? A. The further development of gas in siz- able amounts seems out of the question-at least until we have gas from Coal. The an- aual demand for gas could be greater than 85 trillion cubic feet by 1980, but the supply we anticipate will be little if any in excess of the 22 trillion cubic feet we produce to- day. There can be some supplement from im- parted liquefied natural gas, but it will be limited. We have enough coal to go for a century or, more, but utilities have tended to shift away from coal because of its sulfur oxides and other pollutants. We have not developed a way of readily and economically getting rid of the sulfur in coal. There Is a fair amount of low-sulfur coal In the West, but it's fairly expensive to transport. We will require an extensive national effort either to achieve coal gasification or otherwise to con- vert the coal to a form where it can be used in abundance within environmental con- straints. Q. The country wants power, but it wants clean, cheap power. How can it go on getting clean, cheap power in view of the fuels crisis you've just described? A. The trend in power costs is upward. One reason it's upward Is the introduction of en- vironmental regulations. Another reason is the rising cost of fuel. As we clean up our fuels, as we prevent noxious combustion products from getting into the air, or as we limit the discharge of heat into the water, this will post money. Consequently, the price of power will rise but it will be cleaner power. Q. How much more expensive will it be? A. The cost per kilowatt probably will be something like 40 per cent higher in 1980 than it is today, largely reflecting the higher cost of construction, the rising cost of fuels and environmental requirements. Through greater efficiencies we hope to limit the rate of increase in power costs. How? The con- struction of a nuclear plant now requires on the order of eight years-in other countries half that time. If we can cut the time for construction, we can do much to limit the increase in the cost of power. Q. What happened to put this country in the fix it's in today with regard to energy? A. The driving force behind the problem has been the enormous increase in energy demand, so that we have outstripped our own oil production at the same time that en- vironmental considerations put limits on the strip mining of coal and the burning of coal. It all reflects the higher aspirations of Ameri- ca and it has all come together at the same time. Q. Do you think there was a lack of fore- sight in government and industry as far as anticipating the demand for power, anticipat. ing the environmental revolution and even in anticipating what could have been done in technology to offset the problems we have today? A. There is something in that, though, it's very difficult to anticipate a relatively sud- den development like the thrust toward .. . higher environmental standards. There have been new findings with regard to the physical and health impact of combustion products that have, I think, reinforced the esthetic or quality-of-life aspect of the environmental movement. Most of the technology you've referred to has primarily been the responsibility of in- dustry. The one exception was nuclear en- ergy. As a result of the government mo- nopoly in nuclear energy, the total energy research an development budget for civil application ended to be funded in a lop- sided manner: most of the money into nuclear, relatively little into other energy sources. We can see this in retrospect. One of the things you have to keep in mind is that the utility industry is a regu- lated industry, and even though it receives Impressive revenues, nearly $25 billion a year, it has rarely put significant money directly into research and development. This is partly because it's a regulated industry, partly because It's fragmented and partly because of reasons of its own historical per- spectives and its role relative to the manu- facturers. The utility industry should have been a major source of funding for tech- nology development but it has not been. However, we now see clear signs of change. Q. Congress has criticized the executive branch for scattering energy policy through- out as many as 61 federal agencies, which suggests that if the United States has an you would call a coherent energy policy? A. We need a far more coherent energy policy than we have at present. President Nixon's proposal for a Department of Nat- ural Resources would help solve these prob- lems, but I believe we should have review of our fuel policies in one place. At present, the Interior ;Department has responsibility for coal and oil, the AEC has responsibility for uranium, the Federal Power Commission licenses hydropower facilities and regulates the price of gas. I believe all these fuel poli- cies should be under one roof, so there can be a more consistent treatment of fuels. As a member of the executive branch, I would say that one of the problems there is, not only the fragmentation of responsibilities within the Executive but the fragmentation of assignments on Capitol Hill. In some sense, that may be a more difficult problem to deal with than reorganization with the executive. Q. One aspect of our energy dilemma is the environmental movement, a movement that has forced considerable change on energy policy. What kind of impact do you think this movement has had-mostly positive or largely negative? A. In some respects it has aggravated the dilemma because environmental regulations limit the use of fuels and technologies, but I think that in the large It has focused at- tention on the energy problem and in the long run that focusing of attention may be more valuable than the short-run impedi- ments. Is it necessary for total energy de- mand to grow at a rate of 4-5 per cent a year? This is the fundamental issue that the environmental movement has raised, and it is a good issue. Of course, it can be said that a fair number of environmentalists have been rather contentious, but this should not distract attention from the movement's fun- damental contribution, which is to focus on what we can do about ever-growing energy use. Q. How much good or ill effect has the en- vironmental movement had on the atomic energy program in the United States? A. Well, a minority in the environmental movement just do not like nuclear energy. The primary reason may be a fear of the un- known-neophobia. But all in all, the en- vironmental movement has made a major contribution to nuclear energy. The reason is quite clear-the chief advantage of nu- clear energy from an environmental stand- point is that there are no combustion prod- ucts and therefore essentially no air pollu- tion. There has been a push in the direction of nuclear power because of the low availabil- ity of fossil fuels that meet our environ- mental standards. I'm not sure that was the objective of the environmentalists, but that's the way it has worked out. Q. How can you say the environmentalists have helped nuclear power that much? They've held up licensing permits on count- less nuclear plant projects, which doesn't seem like much help. A. Hearings by licensing boards have been far more extensive than necessary. Delaying tactics have been deliberately employed in some cases, and I don't believe that's in the public interest. However, we should all be careful not to blame environmentalists. Many plants, both fossil and nuclear, were behind schedule even before the upsurge of interest in environmental matters. The schedule slippage of most nuclear plants is due to inadequate planning, the slow pace of construction, labor disputes, the late de- livery of equipment, and prolonged test pro- grams. There are a fair number of plants which have elicited no protests from environ- mentalists that are two or more years be- hind schedule. The United States has turned out to be a country of relatively low effi- ciency in the construction of nuclear power plants. Until we've improved our efficiency, per cent of all the electricity produced in the U.S. today, but is a growing fraction of the total. Could you tell us what your latest projections are for nuclear power? A. We're still projecting 25 per cent of total capacity in 1980 in nuclear plants. That would be approximately 150 million kilo- watts. Construction lags might slow it down. By 1990, our estimate rises to almost 50 per cent of total power, something on the order of 600 million kilowatts. Changes in national energy and fuel policy could speed that up. It is useful to reflect on those numbers. When the United States entered the Second World War, the generating capacity in the country was 42 million kilowatts. So the nu- clear power estimate for 1980 is almost four times the total generating capacity of the U.S. at the start of the Second World War. For the next few years, the annual additions to nuclear capacity will represent about 50 per cent of all the power we had prior to World War II. Roughly 50 per cent of all the capacity being ordered today is nuclear and In the years ahead it will probably be closer to 65 per cent. One reason for hesitancy in ordering, nu- clear plants is the congestion in the regula- tory process, delays in hearings, delays in licensing. But despite these delays, I think utilities recognize that nuclear plants meet environmental standards and provide a ready source of fuel. They look to the future and they probably see fewer uncertainties with Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 E 7340 Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - Extensions of Remarks August 7, 1972 TRAINS STILL RUN ON TIME Even the trains that used to run on time In Mussolini's Fascist Italy. are now running on time in Peking with the now familiar sophistries that its dictators are in charge and representative of the ever abused "peo- ple." Such moral garbage that comes from the Left today used to come from the Right. Which proves, at least, that human rights carries no other label, but an Ideological one. A potential freedom fighter in Athens or Havana waits hopelessly for someone di- vorced from the ideological struggles that forge new chains as they break the old ones to say no to unfolding history and yes to Thomas Jefferson's "eternal hostility to all tyrannies over the minds of man." The above Is a true liberal banner that now lies crushed and silent as the boot-loving current banner waivers shriek their adrriiFation for diverse dictators. We Americans will not say yet, and yet we can. What we have become 's a tragedy of retreat and default. Whoever wins the Presidential,, election, at least with McGovern and Nixon running, it is definitely not a beauty contest. What did he say? Who's listening [sigh] ? The roster of some of the names around the McGovern in the background reads like a Quixotic platoon of the New Frontier Xvar- riors who were fractured on the shores of Viet Nam. Some who were mesmerized by fits charisma would have crossed the River Styx for J.F.K., but not L.B.J. And others saw blood dripping from the robes of Camelot. It is difficult to guess just who thought that Harvard [with a Boston accent] could do no wrong and "My fellow Americans" [L.B.J.] could do no right. HARVARD AND L. B.J. One hates to even imagine that the destiny of America might have-and still could- hinged on a slipped syntax or a Hollywood profile. And there McGovern gets a plus. The man is plain looking to the horror of the Beautiful People who never tire of running a John Barrymore for President. "When McGovern crossed his legs, a vast expanse of white shin was exposed to the cameras. Gloria Steinem solved that problem and set McGovern on the road to recovery by dashing to a local mens' store and bringing back a pair of over- the-calf socks." From "McGovern." Gloria, please get your cosmetician hands off our Populist, he's got enough problems With "friends" trying to help him. I As HON. PHILIP M. CRANE OF ILLINOIS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, August 7, 1972 Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, recently the New York Times printed an article un- der the headline, "Asian Drug Inflow Found 'Greater Than Realized'." In the course of the article, which was a lengthy one-about 42 inches of copy-it devel- oped that the Bureau of Narcotics had concluded that the amount of high- quality heroin. being smuggled into this country from Southeast Asia is "greater than previously realized." I must say, Mr. Speaker, this an- nouncement comes as no revelation to a thinking person, except, perhaps, to the Bureau of Narcotics. I, for one, have al- Ways maintained that the drug flow from Red China, euphemistically referred to nowadays as "mainland China," was greater than publicly acknowledged. I also have a very brief, one-paragraph news note from the Washington Post of August 2, mentioning a $1 million haul of heroin in New York. Origin of the heroin? "Mainland China." The investi- gation leading to these arrests had been in progress for 3 months; no doubt there are similar ones still going on. I will not be surprized to hear in the next few months of similar drug traffic exposes, with a similar point of origin for the contraband. It is unrealistic to place most of the blame on Turkey and France for the tre- mendous influx of drugs into our coun- try. After all, what interest has Turkey in undermining the character of Amer- ica's citizens? Surely not the same in- terest that Red China, given her ideolog- ical convictions, has in weakening America. Red China is trying very hard, and so far, with great success, to utilize this most recent weapon in the "con- tinuous revolution" between the Com- munist world and the non-Communist world. It is no accident that the young men who go at their country's calling to fight a war in Southeast Asia are the ones frost vulnerable to the drug-plague and the ones hardest hit by it. It is no ac- cident, either, that our Government policy has low-keyed the Chinese role in the drug traffic-political and diplo- matic expediencies play their parts in the attempt to cast the blame on France and Turkey. I am encouraged that my first point has been acknowledged; how long will it be until the second one is recognized? Mr. Speaker, I insert two newspaper articles in the RECORD at this point: [From the New York Times, July 28, 1972] ASIAN DRUG INFLOW FOUND "GREATER THAN REALIZED" (By Seymour M. Hersh) WASHINGTON, July 27.-A secret analysis by the Government's top narcotics enforcement agency has concluded that the amount of high-quality heroin being smuggled into the United Stq$es from Southeast Asia "is greater than previously realized." The new Government report, compiled last month by the Strategic Intelligence Office of the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drygs, further showed that narcotics-control personnel was beginning to accumulate evi- dence linking organized crime to the South- east Asian drug market. Another Government study, reported on in The New York Times on Monday, con- cluded that there was "no prospect" of halt- ing the drug flow from Southeast Asia into the United States. This Cabinet-level study was later discounted by the man who com- missioned it-Egil M. Krogh Jr., a special White House aide for narcotics matters. Mr. Krogh said "there has been substan- tial progress" in reducing the influx of drugs from Southeast Asia. The Narcotics Bureau report stated that "the traffic at present relatively unorganized, but has definite potential for expansion as a replacement for Turkish-French heroin." Officials from the Central Intelligence Agency, State Department, Narcotics Bureau and Defense Department "are presently re- viewing the international trade," the report added, "with particular focus on Southeast Asia as an alternate to the Middle East as a source of supply." WHITE HOUSE THINKS OTHERWISE Nixon Administration spokesmen have re- peatedly maintained publicly, in opposition to statements of critics, that heroin smuggled from Southeast Asia makes up only a small fraction of the total United States annual supply. Last month Nelson G. Gross, the State De- partment's senior adviser for international narcotics matters, told a Congressional hear- ing that t'the overwhelming majority of the heroin coming to the United States orig- inates in the Middle East and is processed in European laboratoriees before being smug- gled into our country. We estimate that probably 5 per cent and certainly no more than 10 per cent of the heroin presently flowing into the United States originates in Southeast Asia." The Cabinet-level study, while completed last February, was at odds with Administra- tion thinking in its conclusions that there was "no prospect under any conditions that can realistically be projected, of stopping the drug' flow from Southeast Asia. It was im- mediately assailed by Mr. Krogh. Asked in an interview today about the Narcotics Bureau's analysis, Mr. Krogh ac- knowledged that "from what I've learned so far, -there has to be a strong likelihood" that organized crime is involved In the flow of heroin from Southeast Asia, but he added that the evidence was not yet conclusive. "STATISTICS ARE FLUID" He emphasized that the Administration set up its international narcotics program only 18 months ago. Because of this, he said, it would be "impossible" to estimate ac- curately which area in the world was re- sponsible for which percentage of the heroin reaching the United States. "Statistics at this time are so fluid," he said. Other officials said that content of the bureau's analysis had been approved by that agency's over-all intelligence board before its dissemination inside the Government. The Narcotics Bureau, a Justice Depart- ment agency, Indicated in its study, made available today, that much of the growing amount of heroin from Southeast Asia was being smuggled into the United States by "essentially political Chinese entrepreneurs operating out of Laos, Thailand and Hong Kong. The heroin is sold to ethnic Chinese seamen, many of whom may be organized, who jump ship once their vessels dock in the United States. Further intelligence may "reveal more pre- cisely the role of Far East heroin in the United States," the document said, "and may reveal the substance of long-standing hither- to unverifiable reports of a 'Chinese-Corsi- can' connection between morphine base from the Orient and the chemical expertise of the Marseille area. Perhaps this preliminary re- port will stimulate interest in acquiring more data on the 'Chinese connection'." Morphine is another product of opium, which is ex- tracted from poppy seeds. Intelligence reports "over the past year indicate an increase in the number of ethnic Chinese who illegally enter the United States and Canada," the document said, adding that the volume and the pattern of techniques used in the delivery of narcotics were not sufficiently known. "However," the report said, the bureau "views the amount as a serious and increas- ing threat." EIGHT CHINESE ARRESTED Government intelligence agencies recently set up a joint effort, known as Project Sea Wall, to stem the growing smuggling through United States and Canadian dock areas. Within a month of the program's initiation on April 7, the report said, eight ethnic Chi- nese were arrested, most of them carrying one to four pounds of high-quality heroin strapped to their bodies. Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 August 7, 1972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - Extensions of Remarks to control a runaway program, but to insure that the monies are distrib' ted equitably among states and that real and needed pub- lic services are produced in the process. Surely some more rational b s must exist for distributing several billion liars of tax- payer money than one depends g upon the relative ambition and ingenuit of a few HON. WILLIAM L. SPRING IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVE Monday, August 7, 1972 workers in the country are thinking about the coming campaign. An article in the Chicago Tribune of Sunday, August 6, 1972, titled "The `New Politics' Is Out of Step" by Mike La?Velle of Cicero, Ill., covers this aspect of the coming campaign very clearly. Mike LaVelle is a laborer in a pipebending shop and a free lance writer. What does labor's rank and file think about these labor leaders and their decisions-mean- ing George Meany, president of the AFL- CIO and I. W. Abel, head of the United Steelworkers-when they said they would not endorse GEORGE MCGOVERN? How does the blue-collar man view GEORGE MCGOVERN and his proposals? This is an interesting and well-written article by a blue-collar worker who seems to under- stand what the issues of his time are. I know my colleagues will enjoy reading it: THE "NEW POLITICS" IS OUT OF STEP (By Mike LaVelle) They drove out Johnson, defeated Hum- phrey, booted Daley, and now the "kids" have their very own candidate for the Presi- dency of these United States of America. We thought they had their noses buried in an underground newspaper and all the time it was a delegate tally sheet. The kids are work- ing within the system-"whoople" and "ba- loney." They have never been out of the system, they are of it and in it, in the quality and quantity of their lives, up to their eyebrows, and always have been. When a contemporary liberal affection- ately, always, affectionately uses the word "kids," I know who and what he means- the affluent and pampered children of the white-collar Left. The blue-collar Hells An- gels are hoodlums; the upper class Weather- men et al are idealistic "kids," who are never idealistic enough to demonstrate on campus for mine safet after the live burials of their y five teachers, four business people, four law- yers, three writers, two bureaucrats, two edi- tors, two politicians, two homemakers, one social worker, one newspaper indexer, one retired Army officer, and one secretary. The delegation included the correct amount of women, blacks, and youth which all sounds very democratic on the surface but which deceptively is not so. McGovern claims a blue-collar electoral response to his primaries. Yet not a one of the Oregon delegates, black or white, sweats on a production line. So how could they ef- fectively represent me or my peers who do, even if they wanted to. My gut feeling is that they do not want to represent me. Of all the delegates at Miami, 39 per cent had postgraduate degrees, 31 per cent had family incomes over $25,000 a year, and the average income was $20,000 a year. I do not know the national average, but mine with a nonworking wife and two children is roughly $7,800 a year. So much for the much ballyhooed "New Politics" McGovern convention. \ Whatever Meany, Woodcock, Abel, et al do fro rank and file. The primary votes of Mic igan for George Wallace prove how gran ose the myth and pittance of the pow- er ofabor leaders to deliver the so-called labor v te. E 7339 said. "I need my job, but I need my country more. I'm for you. In California military spending was an important issue, and I was heartened, that a worker would put love of country above his own job." From George McGovern's "How I won the Nomination" in Newsday. That is twisting "love it or leave it" to "love it and leave your job." Or defense spending one has to give McGovern an "A-plus for honesty" as was given to Barry Goldwater on other issues. Unfortunately for politicians the kin of candor is too often defeat, It is plex-"F.D.R.'s remember?-is eth telling him, A agery, George, but an annointment." a wife, two children, In th past, the deliverance was merely a !! EMERGING ELITE SCORN pro form statement on de facto votes -e The anti-Polish jokes of Henry Kimelman sentially en Republicans were the rea ,as reported by Nicholas von Hoffman], an- tionary be uys and there was nowhere a other McGovern fat cat, lends credence to for a worke to go except to the Democ ts. suspicions of an emerging elite liberal scorn Those days a over. for the nonblack, nonbrown, non-Jewish, and Now the R ublicans are the moocce~rates non-WASP ethnic groups in America who and the Democ is seem to be embraging the make up a large part of blue-collar voters Left crazies or llowing themselves to be that gives another reason to retaliate in No- embraced. Pragm ism seems to have become vember. a dirty word to th moral purist who have Unless McGovern disavows some of his taken over the De critic Par As a con- snobbish friends, they may, in tandem with sequence they have given Pr ident Nixon frentic Yippies, rupture whatever liaisons a bigger ball park, a d he iy Mister Prag- McGovern might have to middle America. matism himself. / erns who stray from the vast, if safe One suspects that Gq erns "Kamikaze middle are generally ambushed not by ad- economic advisers" hav unconsciously al- versaries, but by zealous advocates who at- ready structured their topia and tipped tempt to move them farther Left or Right their game-plan preen iu ly by abolishing than they wish to go. I'm sure that the S.D.S. money-if not as a medium f exchange than and the giggle Left will do to George Mc- as sensible campaiQfi orat , barring the Govern what the John Birch Society and the other and more pr bable ex eme that they Ku Klux Klan did for Barry Goldwater. are printing their 6wn. The Klan took Goldwater's sincere ques- How else can you explain p posals, such tioning of civil rights legislation as a com- as a $30-billigfl cut in defen a spending mandment for its repeal, the Birchers took mad mono for each citizen-a cyni be temp Ad to say each voter." THE ENEMY OF FANCY his,/vision-assuming that the McGovernite ec?nomists fault on the side of the angels or the purities of some bizarre ideology. Or is It possible that the under-30 rhetoric and mystique have dropped to under 10? And if one were to interrupt the cream of the cere- lesser peers in cave-ins. bral McGovernites in a planning conference fl th i i f h e n ld h d NO CAREFREE SUMMERTIME There are no formal sabbaticals or carefree summertimes for blue-collar youth to flood the streets of America working for this or that political candidate or cause. Instead they are in factories, steel mills, mines, or Viet Nam in the noncampus, nonelite system as it is. They were definitely not in evidence among the McGovern delegates at Miami. Life magazine called the Oregon delegation to the Democratic convention "nearly per- fect" according to the McGovern reform rules. Using Oregon as representative of all the McGovern delegates at Miami, let's look at its 34 delegates. There were six students, e n em, n ser ous me , ov r- wou ing and jabbering over Monopoly, play money and all? If there is a sweetish odor in the air then one can safely assume that Harvard's eco- nomists are drafting another zinger for Mc- Govern. I'd strongly suggest that McGovern give these people a mythical candidate to play with and leave the real one alone. "In San Diego, I was campaigning at an aerospace plant, walking alongside a wire fence and shaking hands with some of the workers, and the reception I was getting wasn't very enthusiastic. And I wasn't feel- ing very good about what was happening either. Then a man stuck out his hand and a leftist crazy pinning a Mao Tse-tung but- ton on him, a gay lib transvestite embracing him on national television, or being pre- we will be well into the school year, and bus- ing will bs a hotter issue for the Democrats than the Republicans, providing that the Re- publican platform is against it or vague enough not to be blatantly for it as the Mc- Govern position appears to be. The Left-Right, war-peace zeitgeist has so completely swung around in the last 35 years that the isolationist America Firsters from the 1930s must be spinning in their graves. And those still living feel a bittersweet nos- talgia at seeing the interventionist and global warriors of yesterday rallying around the slogan "Come Home America." Has anyone ever asked ex-bomber piloti George McGovern [ "Jan. 31, 1945: Hit Moose- bierbaum, Austria-bombed thru overcast- very light flak." From "McGovern" by Robert Sam Anson.] how many women and children he killed in his bombing runs during World War II? Give us a rough estimate, George. Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 Approved For Release 2005/01/27: CIA-_RDP74B0045Y000 ~p230080-2 NGREccrnNAT. RRCORD-Extensions 0) enaa X ,. 7 97 ^ One seizure, on April 11, resulted in the arrest of seven Chinese seamen carrying a total of 11 pounds of heroin, the bureau's report said. it added that "further informa- tion developed that this 11 pounds was part of a 100-pound shipment which originated in Bangkok and was evidently delivered by a European diplomat assigned to Thailand. Sensitive sources have revealed that more shipments, sponsored by other groups, are on the way; arrests are anticipated In the near future." Significantly, the report noted that "the smuggling activities of Chinese seamen imply a loose but rather extensive arrange- ment between the seamen and their United States contacts to carry out the movement of narcotics from Southeast Asia on a con- tinuing basis. These arrangements appear to involve some degree of organization at the receiving end and possibly at the send- ing end." The report listed docks in San Francisco, New York, Miami and Vancouver as areas with some degree of organized smuggling, but also said that high-quality Southeast Asian heroin had entered the United States through other ports-among them Seattle, Portland, New Orleans, Baltimore and Phila- delphia. The report contained a number of clues indicating that the amount of organized smuggling could be far higher than even now suspected. It cited the arrest of a Philippine diplomat late last year in New York City with about 37 pounds of a brand of highly refined heroin known as "double uoglobe." It was the diplomat's third trip to the United States, the report said. "At least one previous time he was accompanied by a known Chinese heroin dealer in Bangkok." The "double uoglobe" heroin, manufac- tured in Laos, was widely sold to United States servicemen in South Vietnam in 1970 and 1971. Administration's inability to interfere with the known large-scale smuggling of opium via trawler from northern Thailand to refineries to Hong Kong and Malaysia. During testimony June 2 before a Senate subcommittee, Mr. McCoy, a Ph. D. candidate in Southeast Asian history, testified that beginning in 1965 "members of the Florida- based Trafficante family of American orga- nized crime began appearing in Southeast Asia." Mr. McCoy specifically named Santo Trafficante Jr., whom he described as the heir to the international criminal syndicate established by Lucky Luciano and Meyer Lansky, as having traveled to Hong Kong and Saigon in 1968. "In 1967-68 there was evidence of increased activity on the part of Indochina's Corsican gangsters," he also stated. "United States agents observed Corsican hero' 'in traffickers commuting betwen Saigon and Marseilles, where the Corsicans control the clandestine heroin laboratories." Mr. McCoy then told the subcommittee that a former high-ranking C.I.A. agent in Saigon-subsequently identified as retired Lieut. Col. Lucien Conein, who played a ma- jor role in South Vietnam for more than 10 years-"told me in an interview that in 1969 there was a summit meeting of Corsican crim- inals from Marseilles, Vientiane, and Phom- penh at Saigon's Continental hotel. Intelligence sources acknowledged in sub- sequent interviews that the Government be- gan studying the Southeast Asian narcotics trade less than two years ago, primarily in response to the rapid increase of G.I. ad- diction. In early 1971, the White House re- portedly ordered the C.I.A. to coordinate in- telligence efforts in the area. [From the Washington Post, Aug. 2, 19721 HEROIN SEIZURE E 7341 the occasion of the 48th anniversary of the founding of the Good Neighbor Foun- dation expresses best the spirit and the purpose of the organization and I am pleased to place it in the RECORD and commend it to the attention of our col- (By Marquerite Timper Wilcox) We are to celebrate here Our wonderful-48th year Of The Good Neighbor Foundation With members throughout the nation. Founded-August 7, 1920 When Marquerite thought she was ready Even though she v. ';s very ill Through complete-Faith and Will She prayed, prayed and prayed When over 2 years in bed she laid And only 69 pounds she weighed In 24 hours the Dr's to her parents said Marquerite Timper would be dead Completely unconscious-she was they thought But every single word she caught Doctor told the Mother to Prepare a bit of chicken stew But that very night Marquerite-ate not a-bite But had her nurse-Ruth Ward Send the first shut-in-card To lovely Irving Berlins wife Who also was fighting for her life Later many phone calls she made As more-strength she gained Then to add to peoples fun Various parties she did run For the lonely, Handicapped, and Aged Into volunteer services she waded All this time our member-Nelle Helped-Marquerite-to get well When Helen Puschnig--.again came She added her wisdom to the game Of bringing various joy to all For entertainment in-the-hall Some other old members are here And of course are very dear But I lova you-all, so don't you fear You are marvelous to one another Treating each as a dear Sister or Brother NEW Yoa,C.-Three Chinese pleaded inno- cent in federal court yesterday to charges arising from the seizure of nearly $1 million worth of heroin from mainland China. Judge Marvin E. Frankel continued bail at $50,000 for Mrs. Tam Chun, 41; $5,000 for her husband, Henry Chan Chun, and $20,- 000 for yes-Tom Choy. The case was assigned to Judge Constance Baker Motley, with no date set for trial. The three were arrested July 21 after a three- month investigation. I MARKETING BUILDtW SIFTED At another point, the bureau's analysis said that "sensitive sources also reveal fre- quent communications between Chinese heroin traffickers in New York, Seattle, San Francisco, Portland and Vancouver, suggest- ing that an extensive wholesale marketing mechanism exists or is being established." In recent years, United States narcotics officials have repeatedly said that 80 per cent of all heroin known to be consumed in the United States comes via Marseilles refineries from Turkey's opium-growing areas. Ten to 15 per cent was said to come from Mexico. The bureau's report tended to support the position of the opium-growing in Turkey and other areas a prime goal of its antinarcotics drive. Officials now expect the opium produc- tion in Turkey to end this year. The Nixon Administration's leading critics of the Administration's narcotics drive- Representative Robert H. Steele, Republican of Connecticut, and Alvin W. McCoy, a Yale graduate student who has written an expose of the heroin traffic in Southeast Asia. When told of the bureau's report, Mr. Steele commented: "Vietnam is truly coming home to haunt us. No matter what they say, this means that the first wave of this material is already on its way to our children in high school." Mr. Steele, a first-term Representative who last year helped reveal the extent of heroin addiction among G.I: s in Vietnam, asserted that Narcotics Bureau attempts to stop smugglers from jumping ship or otherwise getting into the United States were mis- guided. "Instead of trying to put up this barrier," Mr. Steele said, "it would be much more eco- nomical if we just went to our allies in Southeast Asia-to Thailand, where most of this stuff comes from-and stopped the traffic there." GOOD NEIGHBOR FOUNDATION HON. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI OF WISCONSIN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, August 7, 1972 With your-Christian attitude Bringing out one anothers good. Dr. Wilkinson, Nurse Ward and Meiner They could not have been finer. Many in this world no longer roam For they have been called home some wonderful marriages we have had And to that we can add Many marvelous romances Who still enjoy their companions dances Al, Bess and Tillie and Gus Delores. Charles, Ida and Camilus Marie, Otto, Leta and Bill Say life without one another Would be nill Oh, yes of elopments we know this They too are enjoying married bliss Thousands of letters Marquerite does write At her desk-day and night All these-and many more Love to you-she does pour Yes, and talents she scouts of all ages All this for 48 years-without wages And since 1920 many serious illnesses she has had But it has not left her sad For life to her means to make you glad And hopes to show you visions of love By, belief in God and blessings from above. Yes, I am glad that I am handicapped for thereby I found God, I found myself, and I found you. And I hereby now rededicate myself again for another year. Thank you-and may The Lord richly Bless You Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker, in com- memoration of National Friendship Day, August 7, I wish to call attention to the existence and accomplishments of the Good Neighbor Foundation. The foun- dation was founded by Mrs. Marguerite Timper Wilcox on August 7, 1920. Its members are senior citizens dedicated to service to handicapped veterans and civilians. Mrs. Wilcox, a resident of my congressional district, is handicapped herself and since the founding of the organization has been active in service to the community and an inspiration to other handicapped persons in the Mil- waukee area and through her worldwide correspondence. The poem written by Mrs. Wilcox on Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 E 7342 Approved For Release 2005/01/27: CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - Extensions of Remarks August 7 1972 CAN WE AFFORD TO BE The Russians now have 50% more first line tary and industrial worlds-is over. The gov- SECOND BEST? aircraft than the U.S. And more than half of HON. MARIO BIAGGI OF NEW YORK IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, August 7, 1972 Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, the debate continues to rage in this Congress and on the public platform, in an attempt to defii a and project America's defense priorities for the immediate future. Many observers have termed the coming Presi- dential election a crucial one, in terms of a decision by the American people be- tween widely diverse views of this Na- tion's role in the spectrum of world events. For the further general edification of my colleagues, I would like at this time to include in the RECORD the text of a recent statement on the subject by Mr. Geoffrey R. Simmonds, president of Simmonds Precision: CAN WE AFFORD To BE SECOND BEST? (By Geoffrey R. Simmonds) Since the end of the Korean War, the Unit- ed States has followed a "balance of power" strategy in an effort to-maintain world peace. The philosophy behind this strategy is that we can avoid a confrontation of world powers only if we maintain a constant military pos- ture equal to, or stronger than our potential enemies. This strategy is expensive. It is sup- ported by heavy expenditures in research and development and a strong financial commit- ment to advance military technology. The War in Southeast Asia has had an ef- fect on this balance of power that has gone largely unobserved by the American public. We have spent more than $150 billion of our national wealth in the day-to-day costs of maintaining the Vietnam War. As a result our financial resources have been strained and we have curtailed during this period, our research and development of new weapon sys- tems and advanced military hardware. In contrast, the Russians, since the Viet- nam War have taken advantage of our slow- down to embark on an airport technological development program aimed at global mili- tary supremacy. We can no longer rely on the "sour grapes" rationalization that our tech- nological quality is better than the Russians' quantity. The bare assumption of U.S. tech- nical superiority is no longer valid. Let me give you an example from the aircraft indus- try. The U.S. Air Force is developing an ad- vanced variable -geometry strategic bomber, the B-1, which is scheduled to fly three years from now. The Russian equivalent of the B-1 is the "Backfire" strategic bomber. Three of them are flying now ... and there are more on the way. Another example is the new Russian MIG- 23 "Foxbat" twin-jet, all weather fighter. This is a Mach 3 aircraft that out-performs in speed and altitude anything we now have in service or on the drawing boards. The Grum- man F-14 Navy variable wing fighter aircraft is scheduled to be operational with the fleet in 1973, and the McDonnell Douglas F-15 is Scheduled for service with the Air Force in the mid-70s. Both are rated at Mach 2+. our air fleet is over 10 years old. ties, not nlytof a slot al nature butlaso of The same problem exists on the high seas. a scientific and technological nature. We The U.S. and Russia have roughly the same must decide which industries can compete in number of naval vessels In commission. Less world markets over the next 25 years, de- than 10% of the Russian ships are more than spite our high wage costs. These industries 25 years old. In contrast, 75% of our fleet is should be nurtured, encouraged, and sup- that age. ported when necessary. It is clear that Russia is making a deter- We must modify our tax system so that mined effort to be the No. 1 military power over the next five to ten years our plant in the world in order to expand its interna- and equipment is once again the most mod- tional political and economic influence. ern and efficient in the world. Labor and Theree can be little doubt that the ball is management are both going to have to work in our court. We are under enormous pres- harder. Interdependence, rather than inde- sures at home to pour more of our national pendence, will have to be developed to a much wealth into the resolution of social and en- greater degree. Featherbedding and make- vironmental problems. Simultaneously, we work projects will have to go because our must decide whether world peace and U.S. economic system can no longer support political and economic interests across the them. globe can be served by our becoming the sec- We are about to live through one of the and best military power in the world. Ulti- most challenging periods of our history. mately, the decision rests with the American The question is whether or not we shall people. The debate will probably be side- rise to the challenge and energy and pur- stepped in the 1972 elections, but it is likely pose if we do, we shall retain and strengthen to be a major issue in 1974 and 1976. our world position, our self-respect and the As we reconsider our technical-military respect of others, if we do not, we shall be- role, we would do well to take a long, hard come a second rate power. look at our ind t i ' us v al posture in today s changing world. At the end of World War II, the U.S. had the most modern and efficient industrial complex in the world. A large in- vestment in plant and equipment permitted high wages, provided high productivity, and gave us the assurance that we could sell our HON. RICHARD G. SHOUP products competitively anywhere in the world. Now, times have changed. Both our friends and our former enemies-partly with Ameri- can taxpayers' money-have completely re- built their war-torn industries. They control industrial plants that are, relatively speak- ing, more modern and productive than ours. It is interesting to compare the produc- tivity of $100 in 1970 wages in a few selected countries. A Japanese company gets more than 100 hours of work for each $100 of wages. Compared with that, a French, German or British company will get about 50 hours of work. For the same wages, an American com- pany gets only 25 hours of work. It is obvious that we must be four times as efficient to compete with the Japanese. And we have seen the results: imported products at prices well below domestic levels. In one of our main markets, aerospace, the European governments together have com- mitted $4 billion in taxpayers' money to the development by private companies of com- mercial aircraft. In this way, four different commercial aircraft will be developed. The governments and the companies intend to capture the lion's share of a $30 billion mar- ket. It is against the traditions of the U.S. free enterprise system to use public money for commercial development. European govern- ments, on the other hand, have already come to grips with the fact that private industry simply cannot finance the sky-rocketing costs of advanced technology. They consider the "national interest" to include healthy tech- nological development of industries such as aerospace computers, atomic energy and elec- tronics, and they have decided to use public money for these purposes. Over the next few years, we in the U.S. will be faced with the same decision. The 25-year honeymoon-when we were supreme in both the competitive mili- OF MONTANA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, August 7, 1972 Mr. SHOUP. Mr. Speaker, a number of my constituents have expressed their concern for the attitude in Congress to- ward young adults. I have assured them that I, along with a great number of my colleagues, believe that young adults must be represented as individuals and must share equally as citizens the privi- leges and responsibilities of our society. The future of our country lies in creating job opportunities for our youth, and that all youth should have the chance to bet- ter themselves through vo-tech or college training. I feel the following list of bills is of the type we have and should continue to act on: H.R. 6531. Provided incentives for building a volunteer Army thereby eliminating need for draft. H.R. Res. 223. Amended U.S. Constitution to lower voting age to 18 years. H.R. 12596. Coordinates all of the Federal agencies connected with the drug abuse prob- lem into a Special Office for Prevention of Drug Abuse. H. Res. 739. Expanded Federal Student In- tern Program to interns for employment dur- ing the summer months. H.R.7352. Establishes an Institute for col- lecting information on and training officials for the treatment and control of juvenile offenders. H.R. 11112. Provides individual income tax deductions for Vo-Tech and other higher education cost. H.R. 14552. Allows single individuals same tax benefits as married persons. Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 2 30080-2 ( . NEW YOR pfd g, or Release 2$0,5/27' _1)"f7 9O415ROQ0A300 G the 1o6k is scheduled for Harper Proceeding release on Aug. 17. OnDrug- Trade BooR Despite C.I.A. View C.I.A. Plans No Further Action Special to The New York Times WASHINGTON, Aug. 8-The A plans no f?r her attempts uPfP::]71Lx to h,,,_" ,,41e'd vision of Hager & Row to .I is on jg ~ti an ' sent them a letter a d ? ,i1?- T h e''t h ear it av Harper & Row submitted I galleys of the book,' . "The gblitics of Heroin in Southeast Asia" by Alfred W. McCoy, to the C.I.A. after the agency's general counsel, Lawrence R. Houston, wrote the publishing house on July 5, asking "to see the text." , Brooks Thomas, vice' pre's- nthe book. Mr. AcCIoy states: "American diploipats and secret agents have been involved in the, narcotics traf- fic at three levels: (1) coinci- dental complicity by allying! with groups actively engaged in the drug traffic; (2) abetting the traffic by covering up for I known heroin traffickers and condoning their involvement; (3) and active 'engagement in the tr nsport of opium and heroin." In a covering letter to the eight-page, 1,500-word critique, Mr. Houston stated that "it is plain that Mr. McCloy has lim- ited his citations to those sup- porting his thesis, and he ap- pearg to have ignored avail- -able information which might contradict it." "The truth is that, the C.I.A. has never been involved in the dug traffic and is actively en- gaged in fighting against it," the letter added. P. y,, ww oven. fr~j ~ Pw Haven, Mr. Mc Cloy of nifiai'C,`.'t:~ Tie`' `rook~t e r t e,r_-wY1 was very, 11 1 tq h publiga Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 Approved For Release 2005/01/27: CIA-RDP74B00415RO August 17, 1972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE inafter referred to as the 'Council'), which shall consist of twelve members to be ap- pointed by the Attorney General. It is the sense of the Congress that each member of the Council shall be from a different public interest group, and that the Council shall have representatives from at least eight of the following groups: "(1) the United States Conference of Mayors. "(2) the National League of Cities; "(3) the Urban Coalition; "(4) Urban America, Incorporated; "(5) the National Association of Counties; "(8) the National Governors' Conference; "(7) the American Bar Association; (8) the International Association of Chiefs of Police; "(9) the Police Foundation; " (10) Common Cause; "(11) the National Association for the Ad- vancement of Colored People; and "(12) the Brookings Institution. "(b) Each member shall serve for a term of four years, and shall receive no compensa- tion for his services as such member except for that provided for persons intermittently employed in the Government service in sec- tion 5703 of title 5 of the United States Code. "(c) The Council shall hold such meetings and adopt such rules as are necesesary to the transaction of its business and the per- formance of its duties under this title. The Council is authorized to hire such staff, and at such salaries, as it shall find necessary. "(d) The Council shall have authority- "(1) to certify or revoke certification of any person, whether such person is an em- ployee of the Administration or an outside consultant to it, who is to perform any study required under section 473(a) of this title, and no such study shall be valid for the purposes of this title unless performed by a person with respect to whom a Council cer- tification under this subsection is In force, and "(2) to exercise general and specific over- sight concerning the administration of this part, including the review and resolution of disputes between the Administration and any unit of general local government with respect to the propriety or interpretation of any conditions and terms of any grant made under this part, and this authority may be exercised in the implementation and opera- tive stages of programs and projects assisted undkr this part as well as at the application, pia n g and eh pr ms fi, THE`-PEK G CONNECTION: COM- MUNIST CHINA AND THE NAR- COTICS TRADE (Mr. WAGGONNER asked and was given permission to extend his remarks at this point in the RECORD and to include extraneous matter.) Mr. WAGGONNER. Mr. Speaker, many of us here in the Congress are worried by the amount of drugs that make their way into our country from many nations abroad. We all know and have read of the dangerous drugs that make their way here from Turkey, Mex- ico and other nations, but little is being said by this administration about the drugs that are being produced and clan- destinely brought into the United States from Communist China. Recently I came upon an extensive study which calls on our government to make a "fair, thorough and objective examination" of the amount of danger- ous drugs making their way on the Amer- ican market from mainland China. This 36-page study, commissioned by The Committee For A Free China and written by Allan C. Brownfeld, colum- nist, author, lecturer and winner of a a Wall Street Journal Foundation Award, cites authoritative United States, Soviet, Dutch, Argentinian, Republic of China, Egyptian, British, Japanese, Hong Kong, Filipino and German sources for its conclusions. The study titled, "The Peking Connec- tion: Communist China and the Nar- cotics Trade," concludes: If our society is serious about putting an end to the flow of narcotics into our cities and into our military installations abroad, we must, initially, determine precisely who it is that is producing and marketing the drugs involved. The evidence, as we have seen, indicates that the government of Com- munist China bears a large portion of the responsibility. "The Peking Connection" states that in the face of such far-reaching substan- tive evidence, the U.S. Government "re- fuses to name Communist China a sus- pect, if not an active participant, in the narcotics traffic." It asserts: What is most exasperating is the burden of proof now falls on those who have ac- cepted at face value years of official assertion by the Executive Branch of Government that Red China was in fact engaged in the drug traffic. The study asks: Should it not be the obligation and re- sponsibility of the government of the United States-faced with a mountain of incriminat- ing evidence-to prove or disprove the valid- ity of Red China's involvement in narcotics trafficking? Among the many citations are: Chou En-lai's statement to Egyptian President Nasser. that- We are planting the best kinds of opium especially for Americans. Prof. Stefan Possony of the Hoover Institution asserting: Between two-thirds and four-fifths of the high grade heroin sold on the international market is and can only be supplied by main- land China. Representative SEYMOUR HALPERN, Of New York, saying: There is reason to believe that opium produced in Communist China, particularly in the Yunnan Province does enter the Golden Triangle-Burma, Thailand, Laos- drug conduit in Southeast Asia. Consistent testimony by Harry J. Anslinger throughout the 1950's when he was U.S. Commissioner for Narcotics that Red China was heavily engaged in illicit drug trade. A charge by U.S. Narcotics Commis- sioner Henry Giordano in 1963 that- The Red Chinese are extensively engaged in drug traffic. A 1970 Fact Sheet of the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs which states: In the Far East, opium is cultivated in vast quantities in the Yunnan Province of China and the Shan and Kachin States in Burma. Although much is consumed by opium smok- ers in the region, considerable amounts of the drug find their way to the United States. H 7903 -C A report by Prof. James Turnbull of the Royal Military College of Science which states: The Chinese Communist government ex- port illicitly 2,000 tons of opium a year to the non-Communist world. A British narcotics expert, A. H. Stan- ton Candlin, who says that: When President Nixon visited Chou-En-lai he saw the biggest drug pusher in the world, with 800,000 acres under cultivation. A Pravda article by a Soviet corre- spondent based in Tokyo who charged that Communist China was the biggest opium, morphine and heroin producer in the world. An Argentinian English-language pa- per which reported: The Chinese Communists were exporting large quantities of the cheapest but highest quality heroin to Vietnam in a plot to para- lyze the American troops. A Filipino Senate chairman saying that the value of narcotics smuggled into his country from the Chinese mainland via Singapore and Hong Kong had reached over $1,000,000. The eyewitness testimony of a Chi- nese refugee before a House Foreign Af- fairs Subcommittee that she had seen the Chinese Communist army growing opium in Yunnan Province. Yet, says the study: The evidence amassed by the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, the evidence presented by Harry J. Anslinger, the material put together by Professor Turnbull, the statements of President Nasser, the Japanese narcotics experts, Pravda and others, seems to have made little impression upon the rest of official Washington at the executive level. Good relations cannot be developed be- tween the United States and its Asian allies, an assault with narcotics which is as real and dangerous as an assault with tanks, guns and planes. Mr. Speaker, I include the entire study in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SO that my colleagues and the American people may learn the extent to which the Red Chi- nese are attempting to infiltrate their dangerous drugs upon the youth of our Nation. THE PEKING CONNECTION: COMMUNIST CHINA AND THE NARCOTICS TRADE (By Allan C. Brownfield) FOREWORD It has been said in recent days that the fight against narcotics addiction is the nation's number one domestic priority. Thousands of servicemen are returning from Vietnam with drug problems, and these newly returned addicts are fueling an already serious situation in our cities. There is significant evidence leading to the conclusion that Communist China is one of the primary sources of the opium which is then refined into heroin to which Americans in Southeast Asia have been subjected. In 1965, for example, the Egyptian pub- lisher and longtime confidant of the late President Nasser, Mohammed Heikal, quoted Communist China's Premier, Chou En-lai, as stating that, "The more troops the U.S. sends to Vietnam, the happier we shall be, for we feel we shall have them in our power, we can have their blood ... Some of the American soldiers are trying opium, and we are helping them. We are planting the best kinds of opium especially for Americans." After an extensive study of the drugs Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 H 7904 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE August 17, 1972 coming into the American and world mar- kets, Professor Stefan T. Possony of the Hoover Institution at Stanford University, declared in November, 1971 that, "Between two-thirds and four-fifths of the high grade heroin sold on the international market is and can only be supplied by mainland China . The heroin offensive appears to have accelerated in 1965." Although few Americans are aware of the fact, our own government placed a formal complaint before the United Nations in 1955 concerning the opium being produced in Yunnan Province by the Communist Chinese government. Since 1955 it appears that Com- munist Chinese efforts in this field have in- creased dramatically. Yet today, at a time when the United States Government repeatedly declares its commitment to end the illegal traffic in narcotics, it refuses to seriously consider the role being played in the drug traffic by the government of Communist China. In fact, one is led to the conclusion that the Administration places the entire burden of proof regarding Red China's involvement in the dope trade on the shoulders of Ameri- can citizens who are deeply concerned about this narcotics traffic. The Committee For A Free China takes on this task only because we anxiously seek the truth, and we do not wish to see the realities of something as horrifying as nar- cotics proliferation swept under the pro- verbial rug. Discussing the effort by White House spokesmen to end all consideration of the role of Communist China in the drug mar- ket, columnist Jack Anderson wrote in the Washington Post of May 26, 1972: "In an unusually conciliatory move to- ward Peking, the White House is vigorously mobilizing the administration to fight what it calls 'arrant nonsense' about Red China's role in world dope trafficking. "The White House gesture toward Mao Tse-tung comes even as President Nixon is wooing Mao's arch-rival in the Communist world, Soviet Party head Leonid Brezhnev. "A White House memo contains evidence that Richard Nixon, once the implacable foe of Communist China, is now defending China. The memo was circulated quietly to the Departments of State, Defense and Treasury, and the U.S. Information Agency. "The memo urges them to fight 'propa- ganda' against Red China. Included with the memo is a two-page briefing paper pre- pared by the federal intelligence agencies on. Red China and opium." The two-page briefing paper, according to columinst Anderson, contends that a "per- sistent propaganda campaign . . . is being promoted in this country by a number of groups who have consistently opposed nor- malization of relations between the U.S. and the PRC . no evidence has yet been pro- duced to indicate any attempt on the part of Peking to introduce opium or heroin into Vietnam." The White House also maintains, without providing any evidence of its own, that China strictly controls opium production. Ander- son states that "Even in the old opium belts of Yunnan Providence, states the briefing paper, there is no 'significant illicit cross- border movements' to the outside world." The White House approach to this ques- tion is not only "unusually conciliatory," as columnist Anderson noted; it also overlooks the real evidence which is available, both with regard to Communist China's acknowl- edged past history in narcotics production as well as its current role. The Committee For A Free China com- missioned Allan C. Brownfeld, columnist, author, lecturer and recipient of a Wall Street Journal Foundation award, to review all of the available literature in this field, as well as to talk with experts in this country and in the Far East, including Hong Kong, long known as a major port of entry for nar- cotics. The conclusions drawn in Mr. Brown- feld's study are at variance with the con- clusions drawn by the White House, whose conclusions appear to be political and un- related to the real story of the production of and traffic in narcotics engaged in by the government of Communist China. It is clear that in any instance where the machinations of a totalitarian government are at work, it is not possible to know in detail all of the internal and external prac- tices engaged in by that government. To say that we do not know all there is to know about this subject is obvious. But what we do know certainly merits an investigation. The evidence which is available leads not to the exoneration of Communist China, but to its conviction. The facts, however, must speak for them- selves. They, and not political rhetoric, will lead to a solution of the drug problem which all of us say we want to solve, but which some seem to be aiding and abetting by per- mitting other goals to stand in the way of a thorough exploration of the world as it really is.-The Committee For A Free China, June, 1972. On March 20, 1972, President Nixon called drug abuse the nation's "Number One domes- tic problem" and said that despite the need to save money "this is one area where we can- not have budget cuts." The Washington Post declared that the President's statement concerning narcotics included "some of the strongest language he has used about drug abuse." The President said that the heroin pusher is worse than a murderer or burglar because what he does "strikes at the very heart of the society in which we live." In our efforts to prevent narcotics from entering the country we have taken action in Turkey, in France and elsewhere in the world to see that narcotics traffic is stopped at its source. Yet, despite our efforts, narcotics addiction increases, both within our own country and among American servicemen in Vietnam and elsewhere in Southeast Asia. In addition, the flow of narcotics is heavier than ever before despite the fact that new restrictions have been imposed on the previously identified main sources of raw opium from which heroin is produced, namely Turkey and Iran. In recent days there has been much dis- cussion about the possible role played in the production and distribution of narcotics by the Communist Chinese government. .Many and diverse spokesmen-journalists, political leaders, academicans-have declared that Communist China is deeply involved in the drug traffic, and is using this traffic for the twofold purpose cf gaining foreign ex- change and subverting both American servicemen and non-Communist Asian socie- ties. Let us consider some of the statements which have been made on this subject. Speaking on the C.B.S. radio network on February 23, 1972, commentator Jeffrey St. John declared that "Ever since the establish- ment of the Reds on the China mainland they have been actively involved in drugs. However, it has only been in recent years that narcotics have served a specific ideo- logical end, coinciding with the mushroom- ing of the drug problem in Western nations like the United States." Testifying before a Congressional commit- tee in July, 1971, Dr. Robert Baird, a New York drug expert with 24 years in the field of drug addiction, contended that the Chi- nese Communists are now preparing to use drugs to demoralize the American popula- tion, especially young people, and for ideo- logical purposes. Dr. Baird declared that we are being misled into thinking that Turkey is the primary source of narcotics, and he estimated that Communist China produces 55 to 60 percent of the world's hard drugs. In a report in October 1971, to the House Foreign Affairs Committee entitled, "The International Narcotics Trade and Its Rela- tion to the United States," Rep. Seymour Halpern (R-New York) stated that "... there is reason to believe that opium produced in Communist China, particularly in the Yun- nan Province, does enter the Golden Tri- angle-Burma, Thailand, Laos-drug conduit in Southeast Asia." Rep. Halpern noted that "It has been dif- ficult, because of China's great wall of isola- tion, to document the extent of her opium production in relation to her own consump- tion and to her medicinal requirements. Sev- eral experts have estimated, however, that the minimal medical need for her huge popu- lation would require about 100 tons of opium production per year. It is known that the People's Republic of China has the capacity for large cultivation, particularly in the Southern provinces. . There have been numerous rumors that a good portion of China's vast crop finds its way into illicit channels." The Washington Report of the American Security Council for January 13, 1972 re- ported that Hong Kong police have stated that illegal drugs smuggled out of Commu- nist China and bound for the Free World in- creased nearly 1,000 percent in 1971, most of it in opium, the raw material from which heroin is made. Police in Hong Kong seized 12,600 pounds of opium last year, as com- pared with only 877 pounds in 1970. Rep. Philip M. Crane (R-Illinois) stated on April 12 that "At a time when there is a euphoric feeling that peace may be at hand with the Communist Chinese, a feeling not borne out by the fact that the Peking gov- ernment continues to sponsor subversion and terror throughout Asia, one important ques- tion remains unanswered and, to a large measure, unasked. That question is this: how involved is Communist China in the flow of narcotics in Southeast Asia, and elsewhere in the world?" Citing the available evidence, Rep. Crane concluded that, "At a time when thousands of young Americans, particularly servicemen in Vietnam, are becoming addicted to heroin and other dangerous drugs, it is incumbent upon our government, if it is sincere in its desire to stem the tide of such drugs, to in- vestigate the possible involvement of Com- munist China in their production and dis- tribution." A report published in England in April, 1972 declared that "The Chinese Communist government exports illicitly 2,000 tons of opium a year to the non-Communist world." Prepared by James Turnbull, Professor of Applied Science at Britain's Royal Military College of Science, the report states that "The annual sales are estimated to be worth $600 million to Peking." Professor Turnbull writes that "The covert dissemination of opium narcotics, in particu- lar the addictive drug heroin, for commercial and subversive purposes represents one of the gravest threats to the armed services and societies of the free world." Published by the Foreign Affairs Publish- ing Company, Ltd., this report includes a foreword by a Conservative member of Par- liament, Geoffrey Stewart-Smith, who writes: "James Turnbull has produced a devastating exposure of the way in which the allegedly 'trustworthy' Chinese People's Republic is carrying out a massive secret chemical war- fare strategy by exporting opium and heroin to the non-Communist world. In view of the growth of drug taking in Eastern Europe, it Is possible that the Chinese Communists are doing the same thing to their 'fraternal' Communist states there too." Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 August 17, 1972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE H 7905 Speaking to the 43rd Annual Conference of "The hub of the traffic on the Yunnan side branches throughout the country with spe- the Copley Newspapers at Borrego Springs, of the border is Tengyueh. Along the border cial counters to handle loans, extend credit, California, on February 14, 1972, Lt. General are found trucks, military vehicles, carts, and handle mortgages for opium. The trans- V. H. Krulak (U.S. Marine Corps, Ret.), stated mules and pack trains used for the transpor- portation of opium is guarded by the armed that "The Chinese Reds do want hard money tation of opium ..." forces. These agencies along with the Tobacco and opium is probably China's greatest export Several months before his retirement in Monopoly are also the organs for handling staple. They are doing everything they can to 1962, Commissioner Anslinger further illus- the transactions in opium. The responsible improve and expand opium culture, and it Is trated the extent to which Yunnan contrib- persons of the Tobacco Monopoly in the estimated that they earn almost a billion uted to the Communist Chinese narcotics various districts have close connections with clandestine dollars a year from their dope traffic. The following is from the Report of the big opium dealers. They employ the sales." the Seventeenth Session (1962) of the U.N.'s names of recognized firms for their export That there is a widespread feeling that Commission on Narcotic Drugs: business and conduct narcotic transactions Communist China is deeply involved in the "92. With reference to the question of under the protection and cover of various narcotics traffic is clear. Concern, however, is the origin of opium in the Burma-mainland subterfuges." far from being conclusive In determining China-Laos-Thailand border area, informa- When Mr. Anslinger made these charges what role the Communist Chinese do, in fact, tion was reported by the representative of at the United Nations, the Soviet Union re- play in narcotics production and traffic. Let the United States concerning investigations sponded that there was no truth in the us turn to the available evidence and to the carried out in recent months in cooperation charge that Communist China was engaged very real -history of Communist Chinese in- with control authorities in the Far East. in illicit production and traffic in narcotics, volvement in narcotics. Three witnesses, former inhabitants of After the Sino-Soviet split, however, the ,speaking to a group of Congressional aides Yu}'nnan province in mainland China, had Soviet Union altered its estimate of Chinese this past February, A. H. Stanton C'andlin, a made detailed statements to United States Communist innocence in this field. British narcotics expert who has spent many Treasury Department officials on the cul- An article in Pravda of September 13, years in the Fax East, declared that "When tivation of opium in Yunnan and its export 1964, written by a Soviet correspondent in President Nixon visited Chou En-lai he saw from there to the Shan states in Burma. Tokyo, based on first-hand observations in the biggest drug pusher in the world, with One witness had himself been a cultivator, Peking and supported by statements of the 800,000 acres under cultivation." and in 1953 and 1956 he had also, with his Japanese National Narcotics Committee, This idea was confirmed by Mohammed mules, joined caravans transporting opium to charged that Communist China was the big- Hassanein Heikal, editor of Carlo's semi- the Shan frontier, where he assisted in its gest opium, morphine and heroin producer official Al Ahram newspaper and a confidant transshipping into trucks for transport to in the world. Total proceeds from the illicit to the late Egyptian President Nasser, who a trading company at Kentung, Burma. Two narcotics traffic were alleged to yield some reported that Premier Chou En-lai told caravans, of 108 and 82 mules, had trans- 500 million dollars annual revenue for the Nasser in 1965 that Communist China ported over 4 and 3 tons respectively, two Chinese Communist Party. Independent re- planted opium in Vietnam, hoping to de- sealed tins of 20 kilograms being carried ports from other agencies in Tokyo, West moralize U.S. troops there with drugs. The by each mule. The cultivator estimated that Berlin, and London confirmed the magnitude London Sunday Telegraph of October 24, some 6 tons of opium had been produced of this illicit export traffic to the outside 1971 quotes President Nasser as stating that annually in the area where he lived, and world. Soviet sources, basing their assertions "One of the most remarkable things Chou that the total production of the region in on Japanese reports, indicating that some En??lal said that night when talking about 1981 had been of the order of 1,000 tons." 8,000 tons of opium were produced in China the demoralisation of the American soldiers Speaking before the U.N. Commission on in 1958. This staggering figure represents (in Vietnam) was that 'some of them are Narcotic Drugs on April 15, 1953, Mr. An- about ten times the total world require- trying opium, and we are helping, them. We slinger set forth the proposition that the ment for legitimate use. are planting the best kinds of opium espe- Communist Chinese government did, in fact, In a speech on September 21, 1961, Rep. cially for the American soldiers in Vietnam.' " engage in and sanction the illicit export of Francis E. Walter (D-Pennsylvania) referred According to Mr. Candlin, the Chinese opium and its derivatives. He said: to Communist Chinese "dope warfare" Communists are now using a policy of "When the Communists occupied the against American and United Nations troops "psycho-chemical warfare" first used by the whole of China, opium-smoking was pro- during the Korean War. He added that many Japanese on the Chinese themselves in the hibited in the land by order of the Com- of the narcotics were peddled "at bargain 1920s and 1930s. The Japanese established munist Administrative Department, but it prices by young women pushers near all brothels and spread morphine. It was done soon became known that traffic in narcotics military installations in Korea." He stressed by Intelligence services of the army and the would be permitted if it was contrived be- that the products were of high quality and Chinese method being used today "can be hind the scenes so those who wished to reported that during 1952 the Japanese po- traced to the Japanese. They saw it done to export opium applied to the government lice arrested over 2,000 pushers near Ameri- themselves and they are improving on it." organization controlling special items and can installations in Japan. He stated that Corraboration is set forth in the volume, received licenses to export opium which opiates were coming into Hong Kong, Burma "Traffic In Narcotics," published in 1953, by amounted to a license to buy and sell opium and Thailand from the North and he quoted Harry J. Anslinger, the United States Com- and heroin. Tientsin and Canton are the the U.N. Commission on Narcotic Drugs as missioner for, Narcotics for many years. chief opium and heroin export centers in the source of his information. During the In 1950, after the Chinese Communists China. Korean War, U.S. troops found an opium established control of the Mainland, Mao "Within the Communist government there processing plant in Pyongyang which was Tse-tung forbade opium smoking in China is the Opium Prohibition Bureau of the Peo- producing prepared opium and morphine. and a few opium growers were executed with ples' Government. Within this Bureau the In his study, Professor James Turnbull great publicity. Yet shortly thereafter, Com- responsible persons are: Po I Po, Chief of notes that after World War II ended ". . . missioner Anslinger placed an American the Finance Division; Yih Chih Chuang, drug-taking in Japan rose rapidly. By 1949, complaint before the United Nations to the Chief of the Trade Division; and Wang heroin addiction in the country had effect that the Communist Chinese were Feng Chi, who as Chief of the Hwapei reached alarming proportions. Reports from smuggling narcotics into Japan. His evidence Opium Prohibition Bureau is theactual per- the GHQ of the Supreme Commander of was overwhelming and proved that during son in charge. Allied Power in Tokyo, based on arrests and the early 1950s China was heavily engaged "The Opium Prohibition Bureau amounts seizures in the intervening period till 1951, in the illicit drug trade. to a government monopoly, which in the revealed that large amounts of Chinese opi- As the U.S. Representative to the United Tientsin district, is known as the Yuta Con- um and heroin were reaching Japan from Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs, Mr. cern which is located at 5 Aomen-lu, 10 North Korea and Hong Kong through the Anslinger had many occasions to warn the Ward, Tientsin. Wang Tsu Chen is the head ports of Yokohama, Kobe, Kure and Sasebo. free nations of Communist China's illicit nar- of this concern, .Li Tsu Feng is the managing In 1960 considerable amounts of Chinese cotics trade. Here are several excerpts from director, and Sung Han Chen is an active heroin of Hopei origin were seized in Japan." his remarks before the U.N. Commission, in partner . The opium business in the A Japanese National Committee to combat April, 1955, concerning the opium being pro- Canton district is monopolized by the South the narcotics traffic was established under duced in Yunnan Province: China Trade Bureau under the name of 'Lin the chairmanship of Mr. Tsusai Sugahara. ""At the end of 1953 a group of smugglers, Chi Hang.' Wang Jul Feng, a senior Com- Reports of this Committee were quoted by including an official of the Bank of Canton, munist leader, is in charge." the Pravda correspondent in Tokyo to the effect that Peking was netting annually from (smuggled) 23 pounds of heroin and mor- After providing additional details of opium Japan some $170 million for drugs. annually from from Yunnan to Chiengmai to Bang- production in other areas of China, Mr. mately 25% of this sum was estimated as kok and thence to another transshipment Anslinger outlined the coordination of the going to the support of the Japanese Comr point . . . narcotics personnel and agencies with other munist Party. The total narcotics traffic in "Despite the efforts of the Burmese Gov- governmental departments: Japan is currently valued at approximately ernment to control the illicit traffic in nar- "The traffic in narcotics is closely related $500 million, two thirds of which represented cotics, hundreds of tons of cleaned and pack- to other organs of the Communist govern- transshipments to the United States through aged opium in 1-kilogram units are brought ment. For example, there is a close relation the port of San Francisco. The estimated into Surma each year from Yunnan Prov- with the People's Bank of China and the wholesale price of Chinese heroin in Japan ince ... Bank of China, both of which have local was some $4,000 per pound in 1960. Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 H 7906 Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE August 17, 1972 Increasingly in recent years United States Republic of China in Illicit Drug Traffic." on Crime and bluntly de-magicized the spokesmen up to the highest level have as- This memo declared that "The government magic figure: "That was the figure used by serted that 80% of the heroin brought into of the People's Republic of Chinas has for the old Bureau of Narcotics. . When I the United States is manufactured from years officially forbidden the private produc- became Director of the new Bureau.... I Turkish opium. When asked whether or not tion, consumption, and distribution of opium asked for data to support that precise figure Communist China was Involved In the nar- and its derivatives. There is no reliable evi- and when- it was not forthcoming, I cotics traffic, the response has consistently dence that the PRC has either engaged in dropped the use of the 80% figure which has been negative. or sanctioned the illicit export of opium or been used traditionally for sometime. The At a news conference held on December 28, its derivatives to the Free World nor are best I can say now is that still the over- 1971, Nelson Gross, senior adviser to the See- there any indications of PRC control over whelming majority comes from that source retary of State and Coordinator for Interna- the opium trade of Southeast Asia and ad- (Turkey) but whether it is 80% or whether tional Narcotics Matters, was asked, "Do you jacent markets." it is 70%, I just cannot tell you." have any evidence pro or con that any of The memo came from the White House but Mr. Ingersoll also declared that the 80% the opium comes from China?" His response was. on blank paper. Discussing this mate- figure "represents the percentage of opium was the following: rial, Rep. John Ashbrook (R-Ohio) declared (opiates) discovered in illicit traffic in the "We have no evidence that any opium is that "The memo, which was confirmed as a United States which is of Turkish origin." coming from China at all. In fact, we have White House memo by my colleague was, in- That is, 80% of the heroin seized has come even had reports that some has moved up terestingly enough, on plain white paper with from Turkey. It does not follow that 80% from Burma across the border Into China. no heading, no agency identification, no at- of the total American import of heroin is I might say here that the Chinese and our tribution-a real 'backgrounder.' It was real derived from Turkish opium nor that 80% own government have had virtually an iden- propaganda, too . The claim that the of the imported heroin was processed in tity of interest and an identity of policy for Chinese people are forbidden to produce French refineries. Professor Pozsony points a century. We have consistently been with opium for their own consumption is of course out that "The figure may actually mean only the Chinese Government over the years in true ... but the production of opium by the that the nets peddling the Turkish-French trying to eradicate not only production but Red Chinese for. Illicit export is a long es- product are far less secure than other dis- obviously trafficking and use of opium and tablished policy which, of course, they deny." tribution channels." derivatives." Mr. Ashbrook notes that "The memo does Mr. Ingersoll added: "Once opium is proc- Mr. Gross was then asked, "How would indicate that there is evidence that there has essed into heroin and is seized in the form you know if it were coming from China or been 'cross-border movement of opiates be- of heroin in the United States, it is beyond not?" His response: tween China and Southeast Asia.' This, of our technical capacity to trace it scientifi- "Well our intelligence sources indicate that course, confirms to some extent the BNDD cally to its origin." The evidence provided it is coming from those areas (indicating claims that illicit opiate shipments have come by the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous "golden triangle" area on map). There is from Yunnan Province. However, the White Drugs is, as a result, In the nature of "intel- more than enough supply in those areas to House memo puts the responsibility for such ligence" and "common knowledge of traffic account for all of the material which comes shipments on Individual Chinese efforts patterns," to use Mr. Ingersoll's words. There either into Southeast Asia, into victim which, they infer, violate Red Chinese gov- is no scientific method through which the areas-South Vietnam or the United States. ernment regulations. Information . shows Turkish-French origin could be proved in the We have no reports-and we would tell from that such individual efforts would violate laboratory. those who might be arrested as to where they Government regulations only if such traffic Professor Possony states that "The 80% were acquiring the materiall-we have no re- were for domestic consumption in China, figure originally referred to Turkey and Iran. port of any coming from China." whereas illicit export is approved and encour- Turkey significally reduced poppy acreage Mr. Gross declares that there is "no aged by the Government of Red China." and also cut down opium production. Mean- evidence." Yet the Bureau of Narcotics and When the Bureau of Narcotics and Danger- while, heroin consumption was increasing Dangerous Drugs on March 10, 1970 in a ous Drugs initially stated that 80% of the sharply in the United States and Europe. Yet statement before the House Appropriations heroin brought into the United States was in spite of these variations, which neces- Subcommittee headed by Rep. John Rooney manufactured from opium grown in Turkey, sarily must have altered the arithmetic dras- (D-New York) on Departments of State, this figure included not just Turkish opium tically, the magic figure remained immutable. Justice and Commerce, the Judiciary and but Middle Eastern and especially Iranian Whenever a question was raised, the BNDD Related Agencies, discussed the BNDD's over- opium. Iran remained a major opium pro- simply increased its 'estimate' of the illicit seas operations which are divided into three ducer and purveyor long after 1955, when it opium output in Turkey." regions: officially prohibited the planting of poppy In continuing to maintain that Turkey Is "The third Region is in Asia with a Re- seed. Cultivation was again authorized in primarily responsible for the increase in the gional Office in Bangkok and District offices 1969. narcotics traffic without having any real evi- in Seoul, Hong Kong and Singapore. The Turkish authorities have been restricting dence to substantiate this assessment, the countries of Burma, Thailand, Laos and poppy cultivation from 21 to 9 provinces, with Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous rugs China (Yunnan Province) are sources of most of the planting restricted to four. As of and other government spokesmen are, in ef- opium which move to Bangkok, Macao, and June, 1971, all cultivation was prohibited. feet, turning their backs upon the significant Hong Kong to be made into heroin which Production itself was curtailed before 1971. body of evidence which exists and which enters the West Coast of the United States." During this same period, heroin consumption points to the involvement of Communist The Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous in the U.S. and elsewhere went up dramati- China in the narcotics traffic. Drugs refutes Mr. Gross' no evidence" state- Bally With a dynamic growth of consumption In an article which appeared in the CoN- ment even further in its 1970 Fact Sheet 2, in the U.S. and elsewhere, and a concurrent GRESSIONAL RECORD of October 13, 1971, De- entitled, "Illegal Traffic in Narcotics and reduction in the output of Turkish opium, Witt S. Copp writes, "A shocking British Dangerous Drugs." In this paper it states the the contribution of Turkey to the American government document has come into this following: heroon market cannot possibly have remained reporter's hands; it is Great Britain's 1969 "There are two main currents of illicit static at the 80% level, estimates of the contribution Communist traffic in opium and the opiates. One begins Discussing this 80% figure, Professor- Ste- China makes to the world's illicit production In the Middle East and ends in North Amer- fan T. Possony of the Hoover Institution, of opium. According to the British, as of two ica. The other pattern is from Southeast notes that, "U.S. experts watching the inter- years ago the illegal world production of the Asia directed to Hong Kong, Japan, China national narcotics trade have been assert- drug from which heroin is derived was '5.000 (Taiwan), and the west coast of America ... ing for years that 80% of the heroin con- tons, 1,000 tons coming from the Middle East In the Far East, opium is cultivated in vast sumed in the United States originates in and minor producers,' the remaining '4,000 quantities in the Yunnan Province of China Turkish opium. After being transformed tons' emanating from 'Southeast Asia (in- and the Shan and Kachin States in Burma. Into morphine somewhere in the eastern cluding Burma, Thailand and Laos)' and the Although much is consumed by opium smok- Mediterranean area, the morphine is 'Chinese People's Republic.' Of this amount, ers in the region, considerable amounts of the shipped to France, converted into heroin, and the official British estimate is '3,500 tons' drug find their way to the United States." smuggled to America. This 80% figure ap- coming from Red China." The evidence amassed by the Bureau of - pears, for example, in the writings of Ram- Mr. Copp continues: "The confidential Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, the evidence sey Clark, former Attorney General, and it document goes on to point out . that the presented by Harry Anslinger, the material was prominently used in 1971 when the then average yield of opium per hectare of poppy put together by Professor Turnbull, the Postmaster General Winton Blount sug- field Is seven kilos and that the total area statements of President Nasser, the Japanese gested the United States take economic sane- under cultivation is estimated at a half- narcotics experts, Pravda, and others, seems tions against France. Evidently, magic num- million hectares or 200,000 acres. The poppy- to have made little impression upon the rest bers can have rather explosive consequences." growing provinces are listed as Yunnan- of official Washington at the Executive level. The 80% figure used by Mr. Clark, Mr. where production is figured at 1,000 tons, A memo dated February 15, 1972, was sent Blount and many others has finally Szechwan, Kwangsl, Kwangtung, Hopei and by a Member of Congress to his colleagues on been declared by the Bureau of Narcotics and Honan. The annual revenue to Peking is the Task Force on Drug Abuse of the House Dangerous Drugs to be inaccurate. On placed at a half-billion U.S. dollars." Republican Research Committee. It was en- June 2, 1971, B1' DD Director John E. Inger- There is some undisputed history with re- titled, "Alleged Involvement of the People's soll testified to the House Select Committee gard to the past involvement of the Coan.- Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 August Y 7, 1972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE H 7907 inunist Chinese in opium and heroin pro- dangerous drugs in the international drug U linquency, ent subcommittee discovered that heroin which De- duction. In the course of the long march market." 1950, lu pure was being sold for as fiche as from southern China to the Yenan caves in Mr. Chin reports, "on February Shensi, some 400,000 Communists were forced when the Communist troops led by Ch'en $1.00 a vial. Heroin which was only 10% cld for that into a mountainous region which lacked Provfficd they c entered ti es of pleast ure, $10.00 ointedvialout, It was, t, agricultural and other income-producing Y brought large q resources. The Communists turned to the drugs to Kunming for sale. Since very little the increase in narcotics was by no means cultivation of opium as the most expeditious profit was gained, opium was transported only a money making venture, but had other did incre after means of survival and of financing the "pro- was tran and ported toanimals RangoonBurma. via Mandalay From Cambodia The ev dence points clearlyrin the traotey struggle." They began to market. their product by and then to northern Thailand for sale. This direction of Communist Chinese involvement 1938-39, and they were helped In their efforts marked the beginning of Communist dump- for the political purposes of subverting by by the Japanese who rescinded the prohibi- ing of drugs in Southeast Asia by way of weakening its intended victims. the English tion on opium smoking that had been dm- Yunnan Province." T fact was in posed by the Chinese Nationalist Govern- According to the Issues and Studies article, language daily Vanguard published in Argen- ment. The Japanese were anxious to stimu- beginning in 1951, Loping, Kwangnan, tina. On October 31, 1970 It reported that late opium consumption among the Chinese. Funning, Yensan, Chiupei and Lubsi in "The Chinese Communists were exporting The Communists were eager to trade opium northern Yunnan were designated as a large quantities of the cheapest but highest for metals, Including gold, and they report- "special zone" for opium cultivation. Prod- quality heroin to Vietnam in a plot to edly also used opium as a bank reserve. ucts were procured at official prices by the paralyze the American troops. The local price Recounting some of this past history, Pro- "Special Products Management Committee" was only US $20 per ounce compared with fessor Turnbull recalls that "The Japanese of the "people's government" in each US $4,000 per ounce in the United States invasion of China in 1937 provides an ex- county. These products were then exported while the quality of heroin was 99 to 100 per ample of the exploitation of narcotics for by the "Yunnan Provincial morphine T aandg Coed- cent r fine American deaths in Vietnam re- subversive purposes. During their occupa- pany." addition, Lion of the country, the Japanese made deter- processing factories, including ten big phar- suiting from drug addiction averaged two mined attempts to spread opium addiction maceutical factories, have, according to the persons a month. The figure rose, however, to Oc s bb er. 1970. in China. A significant development in this author, been built in Yunnan Province. two per day from not o thJanIa the technique was the setting up of laboratories The estimate presented by Mr. Chin, a Vanguard months in Manchuria for the conversion of opium specialist in Chinese Communist military the percentage of drug addicts among Amer- into morphine and heroin." affairs, is that "the Chinese Communists scan troops In Vietnam had risen from 30 to When the Communists came to power in process about 10,000 tons of narcotics a year. 50 percent. In some military units 70 to 80 1949, reports Professor Turnbull, "their first From 1952 to 1957 the annual production and percent were reported. On October 31 (1,970) drive was against the drug addicts. A series sale totaled about 2,000 tons, but it increased a group of GIs was even trying morphine of decrees were promulgated forbidding im- to 8,000 tons a year between 1958 and 1964. publicly before personnel of the CBS tele- ports of narcotics, and curtailing the domes- From 1965 to the present the annual export vision network." tic drug traffic. Significantly, no mention was has been 10,000 tons, earning a net profit of The chairman of the Labor and Immigra- made of actual opium in China, or tion Committee of the Philippine Senate said growing over million U dollars per year." on Aril 30, 1966 that the value of narcotics of any prohibition regarding its export from There e is a great deal of independent evi- P the country . The drug traffic was, in dence available which points to the validity smuggled into his country from the Chinese effect nationalised under the Central Finance of the conclusions drawn by Mr Chin. Mainland via Singapore and Hong Kong had and Economic Committee in Peking which On October 15, 1970, the chief of the reached $1,161,290. He said that the Hong became the central authority for all com- Kong-based Communist drug traffic was in- mercial dealings in opium narcotics expressly narcotic division of the Hong Kong Police tended to narcotize both the bodies and for distribution and sale outside China." revealed that large quantities of narcotics minds of the Filipinos and to damage eco- It is well known that heroin addiction were seized in 1969 by Hong Kong police, nomic construction in the Philippines In among American troops in Vietnam steadily including 10,500 lbs. of opium, 310 lbs. of order to create dissatisfaction and incite re- heroin and 250 lbs. of morphine. All persons bellion among the Filipinos. also ions beginning that involved were punished according to reg- The Communist Chinese production of toward rase December, record 9. t proportions a heavy h 1969. an influx nu followed been stated orte shortly after ulations. The police official, however, said o ium was confirmed in teseimo presented t heavy invasion in the spring that to avoid "political issues," all Chinese p 1970. Cambodian was estimated from service sere Communists arrested had been released. May 17, 1972 by Miss Yuan Moun-ru before deaths resulting This influx was drg bAccording to an article entitled, "The In- the Subcommittee of Asian and Pacific Af- A silt District Attorney John from drug overdoses by g fairs of the House Foreign Affairs Committee de- Philadelphia, who f ate Steinberg side Story written Chinese Communists' former hh Sale of In Washington, D.C. The witness was de- fall ll o of d the 1970 as Viet- a Narcotics," Chinese wby a former high ranking scribed in these terms: "Miss Yuan was born nam Communist Party cadre and pub- in Szechuan Province of China. Both her nom drug scene in the e investigate special consultant to the Senate Subcommit- lished in the Hong Kong Times on Decem- parents were medical doctors ...MYuan engineer with a degree Miss i in Yuan tee to Investigate Juvenile Delinquency. ber 12, 1950, there were three major financial herself is were Shortly after the Cambodian operation "large resources in Communist China for export. he elf engineering ee i e- quantities of heroin began arriving in Viet- These were "white goods," referring to rice, chanical wChungith university Uni- nam . uniform packaging and refining wheat, and cotton; "yellow goods," referring versity. Besecause iMiss differences Yuan fromi was c ith u i as a assified indicated a single highly organized source." to gold, silver, U.S. dollars and bonds; and ri host' and was assigned as la Communist by th Reviewing the available information, Pro- "black goods," referring to opium. The article Party to work as a signedr in the mines and fessor Possony stated that, "I am satisfied noted that the "white goods" were used to in factories for some ten years. I mines 1969, that while much detail remains hidden and pay the salaries of military personnel, gov- Miss factories escaped some to the People's R 1969, statistical accuracy is not attainable, the ernment employees and teachers; the "yel- overall story has emerged rather clearly. low goods" to finance construction and lie Miss in her way a testimony, " she declared, "My route The various sources have-on the whole- military projects; and the "black goods" to of escape from Cshe Burma "My Ynne been mutually confirmatory. The sources do pay for part of military expenditures and non capeifro to river Yun reveal a cleavage of opinion on the role of secret service costs and to eliminate the nan too dice. I rode China in of through Bur a Kaonign Mountains valley I Maoist China, but I believe this difference deficit. and then my own eyes the GMoune ComI Tsusai Sugawara, Chairman of Japan's munist liberation army growing opium in of f Chinese Iese also want Communist t record Involvement that denials onresolved. National Commission for Control of Nar- that area. So were the Burmese Communists assertions which I have and seen were were in never the accompanied flay by cotics, has disclosed that the Chinese Com- and their mountain army under Chinese analysis" munists make a profit of 60 billion yen (ap- Communist influence. It did not surprise Professor Possony notes that "In terms of proximately $170 million U.S. dollars) from me, because the Chinese Communists in production, the Chinese Communists have the sale of narcotics to Japan each year; order to defeat 'American Imperialism,' have the capacity for replacing suppliers like however, the amount is less than one third never hesitated to employ whatever means Turkey who may go out of business. They of the total export. available to them. They would be glad to see are also able to satisfy a larger market In an article entitled, "How the Maoists their enemy degenerated, and collapsed and/or growing market demands." Smuggle Opium," published in No. 30 issue of without their firing even a single shot." According to Ch'in Yung-fa, writing in the the semi-monthly, Intelligentsia, B. Bulatov, Mr. Lawrence Sullivan, Coordinator of In- March 1972 Issues and Studies, published a correspondent for the Soviet Literaturnaya formation for the U.S. House of Represents- by the Institute of International Relations Gazeta, estimated that the annual prcduc- tives, said on December 13, 1961: "For the on Taiwan, "Since the establishment of the tics of opium on the Chinese mainland is first time in human history, the systematic Peiping regime, exportation of dangerous about 8,000 tons of heroin. production and distribution of narcotic drugs on a global scale has become one of the Investigating the increase in narcotic con- drugs has become an organized government most important national policies of the Chi- sumption among American servicemen in monopoly in Red China. In ten years, Mao nese Communists. Today, mainland China Vietnam at the time of the Cambodian inva- Tse-tung has built up a virtual monopoly in i f elan John Steinberg, an investigator for the opium, heroin and morphine." o l err has become one of the, major supp Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00.415R000300230080-2 Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 H 7908 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE August 17, 1 ,9 The 1986 edition of the Encyclopedia Red bandits to stop this illicit contribution China if those relations are based on a failure Americana stated: "It is to be assumed that to world misery . It now appears that Mr. to confront the very real assault which Peking even if the production of opium is forbidden, Nixon never even broached the subject is making upon the United States and its that country (mainland China) is still by to Mao or Chou. Henry Kissinger vetoed Asian allies, an assault with narcotics which far the most important producer." bringing up the issue because it would have is as real and as dangerous as an assault with Writing in Human Events on October 16, been too explosive at the initial meeting ... tanks, guns, and planes. 1971, DeWitt Copp reported of the existence The Communists won once more and Ameri- The evidence that Communist China Is a of a British government document which can interests were subordinated " estimated that as of 1969, the total illegal is major ovparticipant erwhelming. P e in she Turnbul trwri s, world production of the drug from which Congressisr that the burden t of Members proof now "The covert rt dissemination uf pil writes, heroin is derived was 5,000 tons. Of this falls on those who have accepted at face "The c particular the etad of opium nar- heroin the official British estimate is 3,500 value years of official assertion by the Execu- in, fo,r in commercial subversi drug poses ve purpose tons coming from Red China. Mr. Copp re- tive branch of government that Red China represents one of the and gravest threats t s to th the ported that, "No doubt the authenticity of was, in fact, engaged in the drug traffic. armed and societies the British ocument will be challenged ... As a practical matter of deep World. concern to eThe subversive ve operioper of operation the Free However, supportive evidence is offered from The sbve must be minions of nmreicans should it not be the , ranking officialf th Dth N oeucarcotics obligation and responsibility of the Govern- Bureau and Jacques Kiere of the French ment of the United States-faced with a Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs" mountain of 'incriminating evidence-4o The Dutch official declared that "Smug- prove or disprove the validity of Red China's glin'g of Red Chinese narcotics is on the involvement in narcotics trafiticking? increase in Holland. The main port of entry Syndicated columnist Paul Scott explained is Rotterdam and Amsterdam in that order. our government's refusal to discuss the real Most of the drug seized is heroin. Ninety culprits in the International narcotics traf- percent of the crew members apprehended fie this way: "Discussion of the heroin issue have been Chinese. Several of the ships In- with the Chinese Communists also would volved have been Red Chinese. Our labora- contradict the official Nixon Administration tories have verified that the drugs originate position that 'there is no hard traffic from in Communist China." ' the Asian mainland.' This 'fig leaf policy, as The French official declared that: "The it is referred to within the American Intel- Bureau has always stated that Communist ligence community, was adopted by the White China is involved in poppy cultivation and House as part of the new Nixon policy toward illicit drug trade. We have much evidence accommodating Red China as a part of a new on that." global balance of power strategy. In a recent publication, Interdoc reviewed "Under this preconceived polic writes a book by a German author, Dr. F. W. Schol- columnist Scott, mann, entitled: "The Maoists, Pekin'gs Ef- not reveal , "government anon of heroin s must ' any information traffic forts in Western Europe." The reviewer says from China or the direct involvement of the in part: "Scholmann's account of the role of Peking government.. . . Since the President's Allan C. Brownfeld received his A.B. from Peking's embassies in the West is absorbin major foreign policy objective is to improve the College of William and Mary, his J.D. as is that of trade missions, press agencies and relations with Communist China, it is very from the Marshall-Wythe School of Law of the lih. In fact, missions, i the first bek to m doubtful that he will make any decision that the College of William and Mary, and his knowledge t give this outline the i of boo of might cause public embarrassment to -the M.A. from the University of Maryland. an the garm Peking government at this time." The recipient of a Wall Street Journal nation and pattern on Communist China's silent approach and pat to the West Attention Ch It is interesting to compare this Adminis- Foundation Award, he has written for such d to r political-not o the West tration attitude of accommodation and re- newspapers as the Houston Press, the Wash- is paid the Chinese restaurants or- fusal to even discuss the role played by Com- ington Evening Star, the Richmond Times ro ganiza le o lion' in which the Communist rev- munist China in the narcotics traffic with the Dispatch and the Cincinnati'Enquirer. His tauranteurs are often the leading men. Nor harsh words President Nixon has directed at articles have appeared in such journals as has the writer avoided the embarrassing sub- drug pushers. On March 20, 1972, the Presi- the Yale Review, the Texas Quarterly, Orbis, ject of the export of narcotics from China. dent made a trip to New York to inspect the Modern Age, the Michigan Quarterly, World- It is said to reveal that Chinese Communist first of nine planned regional offices of the view, University Bookman, Commonweal and propaganda in the West seems to be financed Justice-,Department's new offices of Drug the Christian Century. largely from the proceeds of opium and Abuse Law Enforcement. A UPI dispatch of Mr. Brownfeld is the author of two books, In narcotic sales." other narcotic sales." that date, reporting on the President's visit, "Dossier On Douglas," published in 1970 and ..n _a ~._ _ .. stated in na.rt.? r cular d t b 'pa ti ly is ur ing to note that the United States Government, on the one hand, declares its interest in fighting narcotics ad- diction, both at home and among our serv- icemen ire Vietnam, yet, on the other hand, refuses to name Communist China as a sus- pect, if not an active participant, in the narcotics traffic. The hesitancy is something new. In 1963, for example, U.S. Narcotics Commissioner Henry Giordano charged that "The Red Chi- nese are extensively engaged in drug traffic." Others in Asia have made the same charge. The Chairman of the Japanese National Com- mittee for Struggle Against Drug Addiction stated in 1964 that "Peking has become the world's principal producer of opium poppies which yield opium., morphine, and heroin." The Prime Minister of Thailand accused Peking of flooding that nation,with narcotics. In Hong Kong, a doctor at the anti-narcotic center stated, "There are upwards of a half million addicts in the British Colony sup- plied with narcotics flowing out of Commu- nist China." ==?e =r- syiupatny wnatever' for the newspaper columns, published in 1972. His drug pusher, President Nixon called today for essays appear in several college textbooks in tougher law enforcement and harsher court the field of Political Science. Mr. Brownfeld penalties to help sweep narcotics from the serves as Washington editor of Private Prac- Nation's streets. tice magazine, and his column appears each "There isn't a penalty that is too great for week in Roll Call, the newspaper of Congress. drug traffickers who prey upon youth, the He is the recipient of the George Wash- President declared. That is 'the most repre- ington Medal of Freedoms Foundation, Val- hensive of all crimes. It is worse than a crime ley Forge, Pennsylvania, where he is a regular like murder, a crime like robbery, a crime like lecturer. He also lectures regularly at the burglary.' Air Force Special Operations School, Eglin "The President declared that 'For those Air Force Base, Florida. who traffic in drugs, those who make hun- dreds of thousands of dollars ... and thereby destroy the lives of young people throughout this country, there should be no sympathy whatsoever and no limit insofar as the crim- inal penalties are concerned.'" chemical warfare, in which the victim vol- untarily exposes himself to chemical attack." end to the flow of narcotics into our cities and into our military installations abroad, we must, initially, determine precisely who it is that is producing and marketing the drugs involved. The evidence, as we have seen, indicates that the government of Com- munist China bears a large portion of the responsibility. Those who argue that it does not have the real burden of proof upon their own shoulders. The American people are entitled, at the very least, to a fair, thorough, and objective examination of this question. They will not be satisfied until all the facts are laid out for their examination. When this is done, the real role of Communist China in the narcotics traffic will be clear for all ISSUES & STUDIES-VCL. VIII, MARCH 1972, NO.6, INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, REPUBLIC OF CHINA APPENDIX I LOCATIONS AND AREAS OF ORDI NARY OPIUM PLANTATIONS Is the Administration willing to apply this China Who as an intrinsic part of government policy support the narcotics traffic which has engulfed our servicemen in Vietnam and aims at the destruction of our very will to resist aggression and to defend ourselves? Is the only target the street pusher in New York ??????~??,~~+rrrie~e participation in the nar- or Chicago or Los Angeles? Must there not cotics traffic, Rep. Ashbrook stated that also be major concern with the source of the "When the President journeyed to Red China narcotics which has ruined so many lives, many of us who had observed the Red Chi- and threatens to ruin so many more? nese participation in the opium traffic hoped Good relations cannot be developed be- that at least Mr. Nixon would pressure the tween the United States and Communist Northeast China: Counties on Sino-Korean border such as. Yenchi, Hunch'un, Holung Changpei, Fusung, Linkiang,Yian, Kuantien and Chingyu-___- Northwest China: Shensi-Luehyang, Changwu; Kansu-Liangtang, Chingchuan, Hoshui, Ching- ning, Chingyuan, Wuwei, Changyeh; Ninghsia- Chungwei; Sinkiang-Yiwu, Nanhu, Suilai, Chinghua, Changchi; Tsinghai-Tungjen, Yushu; and Shensi-Kansuborderdistricts-------------- Inner Mongolia: Jehol-Chaoyang, Chengteh, Chihfeng----------------------------------- ABOUT THE AUTHOR ALLAN C. BROWNFELD Total area (mu) 250,000 100, 000 Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 August 17, 1972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE APPENDIX I-Continued - LOCATIONS AND AREAS OF ORDINARY OPIUM PLANTATIONS Total area Location and districts of plantation (mu) East China: Kiangsu-Tunghai, Kuanyun, Lienshui, Liuho;Chekiang-Yuhang,Wukang,Anchi------- 700,000 Central China: Honan-Nanyang, Neihsiang, Chech'uan, Fangcheng; Hupeh-Anshih, Laifeng, Hofeng, Tungshan, Huangpeh; Kiangsi-Juichin, `Huich an g, Yuntu, Hsinfeng; Anhwei-Hsuan- cheng, Taiping, Hsiuning, Nanning; Hunan- Paoc ing, Sangchih, Yungshun, Chinyang, Ifuit'ung, Wukang, Hsinning, Ch'angteh------ -_-_ 1,700,000 Szechwan Basin: Szechwan-T'ungkiang, Nan- kiang,Pachung,Chiangching,Weiyuan---------- 30,000 Southwest: Kwangsi-Silung,Silin, Poise, Chenpien, Makuan, Wenshan, Yenshan, Chiupei, Lusi, Ningerh, Szemao, Chenyueh, Mengla, Lantsang, Tsanpuan, Shuangchiang, Kungshan, Lichiang, Hoch ing, Tali, Chingtung, Kengma, Chenkang, Lungling,Juili, Lungch'uan; Kweichow-Pichieh, Chinglung, Hsingyi------------------------ ____ 2, 000, 000 Sikand and Tibet: Sikanf-Yaan, Sich'ang, Hiuli; Tibet-Langma. Teb-ch ing___________________-______ KwantungMountain Area: Kwangtung-Ch'ingyuan, Tungwan, Yingteh, Juyuan, Yangshan, Lienhsien, Kwangnung, Szehui, Yunfu, Uangkiang, Wuhua, Hsingning, Tzechin, Loch'ang, Yangchun, Feng- ch'uan, Kaoyao, Loting, Lufeng, Huahsien; and Hainan Island________________________________ 330,000 Remarks: The Chinese Communists bought marihuana seeds from India and Brazil in 1968, and planted them in Hainan Island; however, the production is unknown. APPENDIX li Water and Soil Conservancy Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture: Third Experimenta Farm____________________ 20,000 Fifth Experimental Farm ----- ___ -16,000 Central Bureau of State Farms, Ministry of Agri- culture: Model Farm directly under central authority____ 12, 000 Chinchow Farm, Liaoning____________________ 7,000 Frog Pool Farm, Liaoning ________________________________ Hsungyu Farm Liaoning__________________________ Princess Ridge Farm, Kirin___________________ 3,000 Chiuchan Farm, Kirin______________________ Lingwu Farm, Ninghsia__________________________________ Tarim Farm, Sinkiang ----- _------------- _------------- -- Kupeikou Farm, Hopei___________________________________ Chihung Farm, Hopei -------------------- __-__-___--_-- Huanghua Farm, Hopei -------- _------ ___________________ Yungnien Farm, Hopei ------------------- _____________ Kooli Farm, Hopei- ______________________________-.____ Panting Farm, Hopei ___------------ -------- .___ Yellow River Valley Farm, Honan------ ________________?_ Halan Farm Chekiang Nanhsung Farm, Kwangtung____________________________ Agricultural Products Bureau Ministry of Agri- culture: Special Farm directly under central authority_ - Unknown Chaoyang Farm directly under central authority- Unknown Northwest Agricultural and Forest Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture: Second Farm--------- 2,000 Chinese Academy of Sciences: Special Products Farm, Institute of Sciences--- 800 Experimental Farm for Narcotic Plant Seeds--------------- Botany Institute --------- __________________________ Sinkiang Military Region: August First Farm_____ 1,000 Tibet Military egion: Chiangtze Farm___________ 700 Inner Mongolia Military Region: Koerhsin Farm --------------------------- 1,500 Taolin Farm------------------------------- ----- -- Northeast China: Dairen Pharmaceutical Works ---- _-__ opium, morphine -Dairen: Dashuang Pharmaceutical heroin Works. Shenyang (Mukden) Pharmaceutical morphine Works. Mukden: China Company Nicotine nicotine Refinery. Liaoning: Peipiao Pharmaceutical opium Works. Liaoning: Chinchow Chemical and morphine, opium Pharmaceutical Works. Fusung, Kirin: Northeast Chemical morphine, ether Pharmaceutical Works. Yanchi, Kirin: Special Product Refinery opium of Northeast Korean Nationality Autonomous District. North China: Peiping: Narcotic Laboratory affiliated morphine with Medical Institute of Academy of Science (with four branches). Peiping: Narcotics Works under direct opium control of Pharmaceutical Bureau, Ministry of Health. Peiping: Raw Materials Works, Nar- opium cotics Control Bureau, Ministry of Health. Peiping: Narcotics Works of China opium, morphine Pharmaceutical Company (with three branches). Peiping: Special Products Refinery-.opium, heroin Tientsin: Special Products Manu- heroin factory. Tientsin: Chinese Products Export opium Company Refinery, Ministry of Foreign Trade (with five branches). Tientsin: Refinery under direct control opium of Monopoly Enterpise of Ministry of Commerce (with nine broaches). Chingwan, Hopei: Special Products opium Experimental Refinery, Ministry of Agriculture. Kupeikou, Hopei: Native Products Re- opium, morphine finery. Taiyuan, Shansi: Chemical and morphine Pharmaceutical Works. East China: Hangchow, Chekiang: Chekiang Phar- opium, morphine maceutical Works Shanghai Pharmaceutical Works______ opium, morphine South China: Paoan, Kwangtung: Paoan Pharmaceu- morphine, heroin tical Works Canton: Kwangtung morphine Chemical and Pharmaceutical Works Central China: Hankow: Special Products Refinery, opium Agricultural Products Purchase Bu- reau Southwest China: Kunming, Yunnan: China Chemical morphine, ether Materials Company, Special Ma- terials Refinery (with four branches) Tali, Yunnan: Yunnan Provinical Ma- opium terials Works under direct control of China Pharmaceutical Company Northwest China: Chengtu, Szechwan: Szechwan Phar- morphine maceutical Works, the Third Branch ChungkingOpium Laboratory --------- morphine Kangting, Sikang: Sikang Pharmaceu- tical Works Chiang tze ,Tibet: Tibet Refinery, the Second Branch BRANDS OF NARCOTICS PRODUCED BY THE CHINESE COMMUNISTS Heilungkiang People's Government: Chiamuszu POW Farm --------------------------------- Liaoning People's Government: Peipiao Herb Farm------------------------------------ Hopei People's Government: Huachuan Water 1,000 8,000 . Conservancy Farm-------------------------- Unknown Kiangsu People's Court: Huapei Hsinjen Village Reclamation District_________________________ 2,000 Opium: 138----------------------------------------- B 139 ------------------------------------------ A Ginseng ------------------------------------ C Shun-feng----------------------------------- C Lao- pei-kou-------------------------------- A Ta-then------------------- A Heng-tiao ----------------------------------- C Kang-fu------------------- ------------- ----- A Sung-ppan------------------------------------ B Hung-hsin (Red Star)________________ __ A Chin-feng ((Golden Phoenix)____________________ A Fen-chuan (Sail Boat)_________________________ B H 7909 APPENDIX IV-Continued BRANDS OF NARCOTICS PRODUCED BY THE CHINESE Morphine: Tsai-feng (Variegated Phoenix)_________B Yin-lung (Silver Dragon)______________________ B Lung-tze(Dragon Son)------------------------ A Chin-ying(Gold-Siver)_______________ B .Hei-chi (Black Chicken)_______________________ A Lo-to (Camel)-------------------------------- B Huang-Shang-huang(King of Kings)_____________ C Hsung-chi(Cock) ---------------------------- B Hung-shih (Red Lion)_________________________ A Heroin: Pei-chi (North Pole)___________---------------- Hung-chin( ad Gold)_________________________ A Yin-ting(Silver Tripod)____________ __ A Shih-chiu (Lion-Balp---- _--------------- _ A Hsiang-pin (Champion)________________________ A Chin-yu (Gold Fish)__________________ B Hsiang-nan----------------------- --- ---' B THE NEED FOR BETTER REGTJLA- TION OF "PRIVATE CLUBS" IN NEW YORK CITY (Mr. KOCH asked and was given per- mission to extend his remarks at this point in the RECORD and to include ex- traneous matter.) Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker, I would like to bring to the attention of my colleagues a situation in my congressional district which illustrates how necessary it is, that in our zeal to protect the civil rights of the individual, we remember that the public also has civil rights which must be guarded. On Manhattan's east side and in Greenwich Village there has been a re-, cent proliferation of bars and so-called private-after-hours clubs which operate as centers for drug trafficking. The Tam- bourine bar on-East 81st Street is an alleged example of this type of bar. But whether chartered as private clubs or not, these places are taking advantage of a laxity in our laws and are creat- ing, with virtual impunity, not only a public nuisance but a public danger. Constituents of mine living near these bars are rightfully angered and frightened. Their streets are crowded with people who are obviously "stoned," and assaults, stabbings, and shootings take place in and around some of these places. These clubs are cancers spreading crime and infecting otherwise decent neighborhoods. The police have re- sponded as best they can to all com- plaints but they cannot close these places down. They and other local au- thorities are forced to resort to the in- effectual issuance of summonses for petty violations; but business is woefully good, and the owners simply remove vio- lations, pay the fines and continue operations. Because some of these places are in- volved in illegal drug dealings and prob- ably linked to organized crime, I have asked the Federal Joint Task Force to investigate several of them. But clearly there needs to be a method of continual local law enforcement supervision. The State liquor authority has the legal power Approved ForRelease 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 H 7910 CONGRESS I to close down any establishment where liquor is served if it is found to be a public nuisance, but has failed to exercise suffi- cient initiative to protect the public from the menance these bars have become. The State liquor authority must do more than check occasionally to see if the gin is watered. It must actively and continually monitor the social impact that any bar has on the community, so that it can move quickly to revoke the bar's license if it is proven at a hearing to be a source of public disorder. If State legislation is needed to accelerate the administrative and court appeal pro- cedures during which one of these bars might be able to stay open, then we must have that legislation. At the present it is only after long delay, after the situa- tion becomes intolerable, that the SLA begins to act. In the case of privately chartered clubs where no liquor is served-and many of those are not private at all but profit- making businesses-legislation placing them under the city's department of consumer affairs for licensing is needed, thus allowing the department's inspec- tors to enter the premises for periodic inspection. Obviously the right of any individual to assemble in private with others hav- ing a common interest must not be abridged. But we must also recognize the right of the public to live in a decent safe community, and when the bars and so-called private clubs threaten that right, then there must be adequate con- trols to protect the public. (Mr. KOCH asked and was given per- mission to extend his remarks at this point in the RECORD and to include ex- traneous matter.) [Mr. KOCH's remarks will appear hereafter in the Extension of Remarks.] (Mr. KOCH asked and was given per- mission to extend his remarks at this point in the RECORD and to include extraneous matter.) [Mr. KOCH's remarks will appear hereafter in the Extensions of Remarks.] DISCLOSURE OF PERSONAL FINANCIAL ASSETS (Mr. VAN DEERLIN asked and was given permission to extend his remarks at this point in the RECORD.) Mr. VAN DEERLIN. Mr. Speaker, I have made it a policy, before each gen- eral election campaign, to submit for the RECORD a full public disclosure ofmy personal financial assets. I intend this as no reflection on Mem- bers who do not choose to make such dis- closure. The law requires only the finan- cial statements which all of us file with the House Committee on Ethics. However, those statements are limited in scope, and portions are sealed from public scrutiny except under exceptional circumstances. I continue to feel that the people of my district are entitled to know whether I, as my party's nominee for a 2-year term in Congress, am free of fi- nancial ties which might influence my actions as their representative. Under California's community proner- , w Appropriations S ONAL RECORD -HOUSE August 17, 1972 erty of about 21/2 acres in Poway, Calif. We acquired this in 1951, at a price of $12,500. We have equity of $28,500 in our present residence at 3930 Argyle Terrace, NW., Washington, D.C. We own one com- mercial and one residential lot with total value of about $7,000 in Imperial County, Calif.; 21,2 unimproved acres worth $750 in Mojave County, Ariz., and 10 unde- veloped acres, value undetermined, near Hilo, Hawaii. We own no corporate stocks and no bonds of any nature. My salary as a Member of Congress constitutes virtually our entire gross income. For the year 1971 we paid $5,838 Federal income tax and $1,181 California State tax on an ad- justed gross income of $39,287.07. My Internal Revenue Service forms and/or State tax forms are available for inspection by news media. CHERNOFF TO THE RESCUE (Mr. VAN DEERLIN asked and was i g ven permission to extend his remarks at this point in the RECORD.) Mr. VAN DEERLIN. Mr. Speaker, we have been hearing much this week about the troubles of the American Revolution Bicentennial Commission. In the wake of disclosures published by the Washington Post,. a bill continuing the Commission's funding authorization was removed rather suddenly from the House calen- dar, with the implicit hope that new pro- visions can be inserted to pull this agency out of its tailspin.. As ;one who would like to see the com- mission succeed, in putting on a 200th birthday party which will reflect the values and aspirations of the widest pos- sible cross section of our populace, I would like to offer one suggestion. MY proposal is prompted by a letter sent last January by Jack LeVant, then the Commission's executive director, to David G. Mahoney, its chairman. In this letter, text of which is found on page S13681-513682 of yesterday's RECORD, Mr. LeVant states that the Commission would succeed if it were a " one-man show," free of undue, inter- ference from outsiders and with a co- llesive staff. Mr. LeVant goes on to say that a Perfect example of one-man control is that of Osaka and our friend Howard Chernoff. Now as it happens, Mr. Chernoff, a fel- low resident of San Diego, is also an old friend of mine. He has rendered dis- tinguished service under two administra- tions-first as a top aide to the USIA di- rector in the Johnson administration and more recently, under President Nixon as , the ambassadorial-rank official in (Mrs. MINK asked and was given per- charge of the U.S. exhibit at the Osaka mission to extend her remarks at this international trade fair. point in the RECORD and to include ex- As Mr. LeVant says of Mr. Chernoff's traneous matter.) performance in the latter job: Mrs. MINK. Mr. Speaker, on March 16, He placed before the President on a "take 1971, I introduced H.R. 6168 which it or leave it" basis what all would be in- volved in the way of money, help, authority, amended the International Education and endorsement. Osaka was an outstanding Act of 1966 to provide for the establish- success., ment of an Institute of Asian Studies at I should point out that Mr. Chernoff the University of Hawaii. The bill is also earned the praise of no less a judge pending in the Select Education Subcom- of character than our distinguished col- mittee of the House Committee on Edu- league, the Honorable JOHN J. ROONEY cation and Labor. Hearings will be held of New York hose ub- August 24 in Hawaii. All of which leads to a rather obvious conclusion. Why not follow through on Mr. Le- Vant's warm endorsement, by naming Mr. Chernoff as the top man in the American Revolution Bicentennial Com- mission? I am convinced Howard would be just as efficient in handling the bicentennial bureaucracy as he was in shaking up the international trade paper shuftlers and earlier, a bloated USIA staff. (Mr. PEPPER asked and was given permission to extend his remarks at this point in the RECORD and to include ex- traneous matter.) [Mr. PEPPER's remarks will appear hereafter in the Extensions of Remarks.] (Mr. PEPPER asked and was given permission to extend his remarks at this point in the RECORD and to include ex- traneous matter.) [Mr. PEPPER's remarks will appear hereafter in the Extensions of Remarks.] (Mr. PATMAN asked and was given permission to extend his remarks at this point in the RECORD and to include ex- traneous matter.) [Mr. PATMAN's remarks will appear hereafter in the Extensions of Remarks.] (Mr. PATMAN asked and was given permission to extend his remarks at this point in the RECORD and to include ex- traneous matter.) [Mr. PATMAN's remarks will appear hereafter in the Extensions of Remarks.] (Mr. PATMAN asked and was given permission to extend his remarks at this point in the RECORD and to include ex- traneous matter.) [Mr. PATMAN's remarks will appear hereafter in the Extensions of Remarks. I (Mr. VANIK asked and was given per- mission to extend his remarks at this point in the RECORD and to include ex- traneous matter.) [Mr. VANIK's remarks will appear hereafter in the Extensions of Remarks.] av.l.uly wicurutizee exercised jurisdictfo v 1 e at arL n Studies Insti- own a mortgaged reANdNE tF1~}r le ate2005/01 /27 : CIA- RD0714~ 414i ~dd to help fulfill Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230 80-2 THE WASHINGTON POST DATE 17" PAGE treat is, on ror vPium BANQKOK Aft)-A mys- terious iinese who, oper- ates in the mountains of porthern Burma,. in a wild area called the "Golden Tri- angle, is known as the opium .king of Asia. this man, Lo Hsin Han, as the first link in the drug chain that ' ends with sales, pn U.S. street corners. In recent weeks, from his sanctuary at Tachilek, a smal Burmese,. town just, , over the border from Thai- land, he has seen Thai and U,S:. narcotics agents strik- ing At the heart of the Asian drug traffic, I June and July, agents raw opium, 212 of morphine sod the drugs to dealers base, 353 of prepared 'smok who were caught before ihg opium and seven of No. they could make their runs 4 pure heroin. 'A kilogram to Saigon, Bangkok and is 2.1 pounds. Hong Kong for further sales. In two days in June, the But the message must 'have Thais seize .Qpium and been clear: the heat is on opiates whic wound make and that may be bad for half a 'ton of heroin. It was business. their biggest haul ever. There are no photographs Judging the value 'of these of Lo, no physical descrip- hauls is difficult, ' agents tion. Thai authorities do not shy, because the prices rise even know his age, although sharply the farther down the they have heard. he is a su- pipeline the opium moves. perb organizer and a charis- However, if that amount of matic leader. heroin were to get to the He is thought to have been United States, it could be born in Yunnan, China's worth $250 million in street southern province, but that sales. is wncertain,_ The raids did -not hurt- Lo Intelligence that trickles seiz 3,853 kilograms of Hsing Han, He had already market created by the Burmese government's na- tionalization program. The Burmese government Intelligence reports say gave its tacit approval to Lo buys opium from the 'his, organization of this hill farmers and transports army, the most powerful In it to his own refineries by the area, because it wanted pack horse and mule Cara- him to help fight Burmese vans. His troops provide the armed escort to prevent Communist guerrillas. In- hijacking by rival groups. .stead, informants say, he Some of these caravans may has established an accom- comprise 400 guards, 200 modation with the guerril- porters and 200 mules. las, so his opium trading Refinery Complex can be conducted undis- Drug-suppression officers euphemistically called a self-defense force. Lo has orgafiized arivate _gines to bolts of cloth into army of at least 1,000 men- Burma to f e e d a black- KI ng ple who cross frequently to trade or smuggle goods into Tackilek, is sketchy. But it is known that he operates in that northeast corner of Burma which bor- ders China, Thailand and Laos. The whole area, in- cluding parts of Thailand and Laos, is a no man's land called the Golden Triangle because of the estimated 1,000 tons of opium pro- duced there annually. Some 800 tons of opium come from Burma alone, much of it from territory which the opium king rules as a feudal warlord. Intelligence reports say See OPIUM, E6, Col. 3 OPIUiJ Prom `E1 tive border trade, smuggling turbed. In Thailand would like Lo s His army Is composed of scalp, but see little chance Dacoits, hill tribesmen, of that. The Thais won't Shans, Yunnanese, Haws cross the border for fear of and deserters from the 93rd creating an incident with Kuondintang Division which Burma. The Burmese gov- was thrown out of China in ernment cannot act because the Communist takeover in Its writ does not extend 1949. fully to the territory where His troops have mod- Lo operates. ern weapons,. including Officials say they plan to American-made M16 rifles, keep choking off big ship- grenade launchers and mor- ments when they cross the tars originally supplied to Thai border. This is diffi- the Lao army but sold into cult because of the hun- a black market in Thailand. dreds of trails and rugged Lo,'s army is regarded as mountainous countryside. the best equipped and most "If he can't sell it be- cohesive fighting force in cause the dealers think they the mountains. The Bur- run too heavy a risk of get- mese ar confined 'to the ting picked up on the Thai main towwnnS, will not -tackle side, we'll have done him a lot of damage," said one of- f Approved For F e -1 S19,'2 '/ 1'LR ABO0415R000300230p80-2 Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415g 000300230080-2 THE WASHINGTON POST DATE PAGE "Burmese customs and mili- y officials-are _orted in collusion with smugglers-" On Thurs ay, a cabinet com- mittee on international narcot ids Control reporfed that only a shall fraction of the world's' illicit 'heroin' i,? being confis cated, "despite the rising pace I izures," . f e itled "'World opium Sur- vey 1972," the extensive report estimated that from 990 to 1,21(i metric Ions, of lit, t opium products were du ed, last dear world-wi e." Q' li.6 tons were seized. ti,Onal herofn~ ni"a ^ e aost certainly con- times to ave adequate sub pfies to meek the demand in consuming countries,' the study said. re ort wa"s"cot fled by e al fi- e enc a us- "ureau, a reasu u e- 91 an the `lthe ureau of pent I :lil h ? M over the niques `could include the hir- ing of thugs to destroy" heroin refining factories, flooding the market with harmless opium substitutes to destroy the traf- fickers' credibility, or even de- foliation. Over half the illicit opium in the world is produced in the so-called Golden Triangle area 6f Southeast Asia - Thailand, Laos and Burma. Burma, alone, accounts for at least a third of the illegal opium grown annually. But the secret summaries say that in Laos, "priorities re- lating to requirements of the Vietnam war may limit pres- sures that can be applied" to the Laotian government. The. same problem, but for different reasons, exists in Burma, the largest opium producer in the world. Ac- cording to a little publicized report that the White House circulated among congressmen last month, "the Burmese gov- ernment's policy of non-align- ment and sensitivity to foreign influence is a limiting factor the l in its involvement with the are- ae R )111 r ba ~r wa ~c de sus en 40 rge n 146 Q ;'d. vement cos in sed the narcotics field." ' Thg_ A and n &J s ing.i . ~ that has ben mad FrnmipnfTy by car eri icc not mention enforcement prob- lems in Laos. Instead, it said "intelligence indicates that the flow of opium and heroin through Laos has been seri- ously curtailed." The cabinet committee's un- classified report minimized the impact of the opium pro- duction in Southeast Asia, say- ing that "Perhaps 600 of the 700 tons" produced in the r y. The adminis- .ration, t ough its State De- pArtment narcotics chief Nel- son Gross has repeatedly re- bttitted eG~oy's charges. The ks Vet intelligence sum- maries, also note that Turkey's agreement to, stop opium poppy ?'p aductiori - a deci- sipn laded by U.S. officials - does ;0t guarantee that 'illicit odium r production w111 stop. 'Turkeys estimated illel_ odium output is 35 to1 001on a year. epr v Tim O*Brien ` roe summaries sal'd that a e _ of secret and un [z g riarco c s mugg ing in South Asia, "by the Mlls tribes emselves." Un mai inte off, heroin supplies, "use' of e drug is on the in- crease in Western Europe," as well. Reflecting in acid words the problem of interesting other nations In the drug fight, the report said efforts to develop international narcotics polic- ing organizations have been hampered "largely because of widely varying national atti- tudes toward the drug prob- lem." These differences, it said, "are regularly and skillfully. exploited by the illicit interna- tional traffickers." The cabinet study detailed a number of international smug- gling routes. The "direct Eu- rope-United States route is the oldest" French smuggling route and remains the most active." This pathway is at- tractive, the study said, partly because it avoids the nerd for a foreign middleman and partly because opium is more readily concealed in the large volume of trans-Atlantic com- merce, involving only one cus- toms inspection. A second route starts in Eu- rope, usually France, then moves into Latin America- Buenos Aires and Montevideo are frequent depots-and then through Panama or Mexico into Southwestern U.S. die opium flowing through these conduits originates i gDAr Sal , . p iihr "iii the tArae source tie Law material for the heroin s e Amerteah market Turkish opium is preferred by heroin traffickers because the morphine content is one of the highest in the world, ranging, from 9 to 14 per cent." ;more personnel used heroin." About 80 per cent of the heroin used by U.S. addicts originates in Turkish poppy fields. In another study released Aug. 11, the General Account- ing Office analyzed drug ; abuse by U.S. military person- nel in Vietnam, Okinawa, the Philippines, Europe and the Continental United States. Of Vietnam, it said: "Until the fourth quarter of calendar year 1970, drug abuse among military personnel in Vietnam was primarily limited to mari- i juana. At that time, the use of heroin began to rise and has now become the military's most serious drug problem in Vietnam ... Drugs were rela- tively cheap; a .25 gram-vial of heroin 94 to 97 per cent pure could be purchased for $2.50 to $10 a vial. This compares to a stateside price of about $20 for a similar quantity that is only 4 to 12 per cent pure her- oin." "Reliable estimates of the incidence of drug use among military personnel in Vietnam were not available; however, some unit commanders esti- mated that 30 per cent or Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 THE WASHINGTON POST DATE i-4AUdP ""' PAGE an Operation on a ook way to his author oa- Bye Roger Wilk lri5 history in this Putnam to court ooin In recent Hors;`tho agency has flid from Random ndom House to Alfred W, McCoy on on the happened tion date. He and his publisher, Harper & McCoy's facts were wrong. After reviewing ms and to Harper & Row Row almost got spooked by the CIA in a the book, the agency attempted, in an 11- trying to influence what the rest of us do or h C A ' e . I gambit that does little credit to our secret page critique, to demonstrate that the au- dont read about t "But the agency cannot have it both ways. ov_erse s =_ ---Wves- - seems __ that m_ his thor s evidence did not support his asses- It cannot hide away in the woods when it bo iThe Politics-01, er In i n . ins. apparently, after reviewing the CIA` .__. ~.. pleases and then tell the mirrors of the Asia," Mr. McCoy argues that,Americandip---- e~itique, Harper & Row decided the agency world what to show when it becomes edgy. ' signifi- lomats and secret agents have been cantly involved in the narcotics traffic in Burma, The CIA, upon learning something `of the. content of thew bpok, apparently de- cided that it had cause for the expression of some concern. As a result, the author al- leges, the agency resorted to "extralegal meaPies"such as' CIA visits, to, the nub- calls and letters in an at- Eeapt "to harass and intimidate me and my publisher." I arty not conceriigst with the accuyacy of Mr. McCoy's text or his methods of schol- arship. I do, however, wonder about the way in, which the government expressed its inter- e'st in his work. Whether. there were visits to the publisher or ..phone calls, as Mr. McCoy alleges, is not the point. It is clear that the general counsel of the CIA,wrote a d ' asked !to see the, book prior to publi- catlon.. While he dgned that the agency's interest affected in any way the publisher's right to publish, the general counsel went oii to apply some heavy pressure, saying "it is our belief that no reputable publish- jug house would wish to publish such alle- gations without being assured that the sup- porting evidence was valid." had not proved its case. "They just didn't do 1IAtPER & ROW, for its part, told the it," the source reports. So, the book will see agency that it desirecj to publish the book the light of day. but also to "live up to the traditions and re- Unfortunately, this is neither the govern- Sponsibilities of a great publishing house as meat's. nor the CIA's first venture into the we ' see them." Overriding the. author's pro- murky business of attempting to impose tests, the publisher decided to submit the . pre-publication restraints on the words and bob for an unusual pre-publication review idea8-the rIt ipnc ni this c imtry are to read by the CIA. A source at Harper_& Row re- and consider.. Xbg--Jusliga -Department's ports that the agency wrote the firm saying thrust against the Pentagon Papers is still that it could "prove beyond doubt" that fresh, 1 - * . the CIA has a rich pernicious. While disclaiming any intention to inhibit publication, the agency suggested more than once that no reputable or respon- sible publisher would want to publish a book without first validating the facts. And then the agency offered itself as chief validator. I am not sure whether the publisher needed to go as far as submitting the galley proofs of the book to the CIA for pre-publication review in order to ascertain the agency's views or whether, indeed, that decision was entirely wise. But to its credit, Harper & Row resisted the pressures and retained the ultimate publishing judgment. THAT IS all to the good, for the CIA, in offering its services as ultimate validator of the author's source material, was dangling a lure that leads down the path to acquies- cence in censorship. If Clifford Irving's caper taught us anything, it was that the pub- lisher has ultimate responsibility for check- ing the validity of the material he proposes to publish. It is clear that the publisher, upon learning that serious questions have been raised about the reliability of material it has on hand, should at least talk the ques- tions over with any responsible doubter. But finally, the responsibility rests with the publisher, it cannot and should not be shifted to any other party, particularly not to a secret agency of the government. Any , other course would lead, to the erosion of a publisher's most precious right, the first amendment right of free speech, which is his only guarantee of his ability to promote the free flow of information and ideas throughout society, and our only guarantee as well. Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000300230080-2 Approved For Release 2005/0.1/27 : CIA RDP74B00415R000300230080- NE W YORK TIMES DATE -- PAGE Books of The Times Bonanza In lden Triangle' By THOMAS ASK THE POLITICS OF HEROIN IN SOUTHEAST heroin users among G.L's. "By mid 1971 ASIA. By Alfred W. McCoy with Cathleen the author writes, "Army medical officers B. Reed and Leonard P. Adams 2d. 464 were estimating that about 10 to 15 per ALe cen pages. Harper & Row. $10.95. cent ... of the lower ranking enlisted men 1fs plexity, its c ar es of tnat 1s -WhAt conc usions are are-simglg enough to be T _ Asia" is packed solid wt m r- Southeast- ation some o it m- " Ziiangle. ve tc es and n other a ro" in, the es, es. e o m the into e lyotms of `rienas in soutneast being carried on wit ferenc if not the closed eye c pli- eing sTn"MWf in . bL-roin o Tnted Sfates' a1hesin ~ Asia ter rea mgfie ga a s, antral Inte ieence A enc Ior what'-it ~yd,,,wPrP. 1~ Ohs la Mlle rtew~ut CllSa fail~eo ee ~ These conclusions have been drawn by a young Ph.D. scholar from Yale who studied the subject for 18 months and who has already been embroiled with the Cen- tral Intelligence Agency over, them. Before a ilab1a, . atid: se 'din off ar critique -to a er's the C.A. too Lurther -ac' an. Shuns the Headline Approach yy V V s-o suppo ing Ri)tes refer- ,r to a large Rumber of personal : 7 tn'ass cg-Tbe AccnraY Qf Mr,.. l.&C" yc riiffir_ult _for anyone,nnt.clasa_ the he rinaa Government re and Un obis ~Na~ ~tions, doc ents. Tr1djg in- a. that will .tlt,, Areat eai (pr ,attian 11hfbooks. Congressional committee inilliqu jn-the Lexington Hotel in this city Southeast Asia as long as somewhere p LSD] rF eV 9 TO 1(PT4 7 : -I I g f . 04 4RT SF "~d1mg~0-2 $2.25-million by police estimates was taken on their own activities o rug pe is ddition, Arias me cal offi- gold smuggling and prostitution. It is just ale' se -1n mm~"Tier 'of - a mater of-ftealpolitik on both sides. date e , sat a "there no ros o' s mmtnge smuggling ~Uy air . n, sea n What PAIg ~one reason the fact t iat" 'e governments in ffie asregion are u a e or ~eS, Ll wi._i o 3ilak~ affartiya effort _~ur ,tte__= traf ic? - That drug smuggling is not a -problem remote i:rgm us can be seen from the fact that a sipment of the Double U-O Globe brand, _ a' bulk heroinn manufactured in the ro np1e2 was `seized In an amount q4, the police`to be worth $3.5- serving in Vietnam were heroin users." The politics of heroin-and in this book the emphasis is on the politics-is an art- ful one. Mr. McCoy cites the case of Ngo Dinh Nhu, brother of President Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam, later murdered by his colleagues. During his brother's regime Nhu was head of the secret police and had set up a close apparatus of spies, in- formers and agents. He was so successful in harassing the National Liberation Front, the political arm of the Vietcong, that after he and Diem were killed, Nguyen Huu Tho, chairman of the N.L.F., told an Australian journalist that Nhu's demise was "a gift from heaven." Closed and Open Opium Dens The point the author makes, though, is that to keep the members of this network loyal took a great deal of money and that the only way Nhu could get it was from the drug trade. Diem had entered on his presidency determined to close down the opium shops, the author says, but the profit from the drug trade was so great that his brother restored it and used the money to harass the Communists. Gen. Tuan Shi-wen, commander of the Chinese Nationalist Fifth Army, based in the Golden Triangle, put the matter suc- cinctly. He is quoted in the book as having said, "We have to continue to fight the evil of Communism, and to fight you must have an army, and an army must have guns, and to buy guns you must have money. In these mountains the only money is opium." For the most part, Mr. McCoy demon- strates, an illicit drug traffic is carried on for the personal benefit and dollar profit of individuals, including some of the highest ranking officials with whom we do busi- ness in Southeast Asia. The picture of cor- ruption that he draws, of cruel and naked jockeying for power, of bloodletting and cynical maneuvering with underworld ped- dlers, is so strongly documented that it might make even the stanchest defender of the war in Southeast Asia wonder if it is worth it. The attitude of too many American offi- cials, he says, is one of "embarrassment and apathy." They argue that their job is to fight the North Vietnamese and kill Communists and nothing else concerns them. is moral neutralit is so wide-. e" n erworld in Southeast Asia, the book makes clear, as in the Middle East, in Western Europe, in America, has always been an essential part of the trade. Its members have the advantage of being free of ideology. They worked with Socialists in Marseilles, with the Gestapo under Vichy, with the American liberating forces