NEW BOOK ENTITLED HOLOCAUST OR HEMISPHERE CO-OP: CROSS CURRENTS IN LATIN AMERICA BY JUSTICE WILLIAM O. DOUGLAS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP74B00415R000400160006-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 15
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 27, 2005
• Sequence Number: 6
• Publication Date: October 15, 1971
• Content Type: MF

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 U. i3 . 1` i s ~) WORLD t m-,orIT.
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Is the CIA starting to spy on Americans at home-turning talents and money
against students, blacks, others? That is one of several key questions raised in
a wide ranging criticism. A direct response starts on page 81.
T J-_\WWAC2K
The followy ing was written by Edward K. DeLong of
neted Press_lnter?n ational, based on an interview with
a Central -intelligence Agency official who has re-
signed. The dispatch was distributed by UP/ for pub-
lication on October 3.
Victor Marchetti embarked 16 years ago on a career that
was all any aspiring young spy could ask. But two years ago,
after reaching the highest levels of the Central Intelligence
Agency, he became disenchanted with what he perceived to
be amorality, overwhelming military influence, waste and
duplicity in the spy business. He quit.
Fearing today that the CIA may already haw, begun "go-
nj awn ? t .enean.y_ -within" the Uni ed Stales as try
p.y conceive it- ha dissident student g you ~s an crvrl-
ri it or anizations-Marchetti has aunched a campaign for
ann,n presidential ar~c~ con resslo 11 oy -e .otjfi?e
i3-S-intelligcricc community.
"I think we need to do this because we're getting into
an awfully dangerous era when we have all this talent
(for clandestine operations) in the CIA-arid more being de-
veloped in the military, which is getting into clandestine
"ops" (operations) -and there just aren't that many places
any more to display that talent," Marchetti says.
."The cold war is fading. So is the war in Southeast Asia,
except for Laos.' At the same time, we're getting a lot of
domestic problems. 4t,d t e '.ire people in_ihe 71A win.
,iL.they_.a.On:t.:_r.ight no., ~ntn~] v rlrroad runnin d tt tic
cs tions a"ainst stuclcnt rows, blae incl oveinei s and the
likaf e cer,tairi } nnc eying it.
"This is going to get to be very tempting," Marchetti
said in a recent interview at his comfortable home in. Oak-
ton, [Va.], a Washington suburb where many CIA men live.
"There'll be a great temptation for these people to sug-
gest operations and for a President to approve them or to
kind of look the other way. You have the danger of intelli-
gence turning against the nation itself, going against tho `the
enemy within."'
Marchetti speaks of the CIA from an insider's point of
view. At Pennsylvania State University he deliberately pre-
pared himself for an intelligence career, graduating in 1955 lastthings lie did at the CIA_was to explain to Dkector
with a degree iii BussiaAO0yl,6 l ORelease 2005/07/13 1~i1 k~914B0' t5R?abP4004,60006-1
Through a professor secretly on the CIA payroll as a-talent
scout, Marchetti netted the prize all would-be spies dream
of--an immediate job offer from the CIA. The offer came
during a secret meeting in a hotel room, set up by a stranger
who telephoned and identified himself only as "a friend of
your brother."
Marchetti spent one year as a.CIA agent in the field and
10 more as an analyst of intelligence relating to the Soviet
Union, rising through. the ranks until he was helping pre-
pare the national intelligence estimates for the White House.
During this period, Mar-
chetti says, "I was a hawk.
I believed in what we
were doing."
Tliei,_ i li was promoted
to _ rl_.._:>a s a~ of
tke~C.Ld,,.>,ov_irg_,to zn
ee-or tl .o_p. floor, Of.tl,
Agency's . headquarters
acrass,.fl~,r 1'~~o~tias;._I3i~;er
frerii? Washingt on.
For three -years he
cia
to4hc_ElA..ref ,uf .puns,
ro rams and budgeting,
as.>ccral`"a`Sfstaut to tl~e
C,LA:s_ executive rcIi?ector,
s executive assn` sf'fi t
te. _f1.1e.._ A enc s cfepiiiy
_ditector `'. A m. ~{ri{iis
Mr. Marchetti
sare_pesi,tion_..withinthe...Agcucy and withinthe. intelligence
cominurirty in. gcner l in that I was in ~v
ilaee 1i're was.
lr .sn all,puliu i togclhcr, Marchetti agid,
"I could see how intelligence analysis was done and how it
fitted into the scheme of clandestine operations. It also gave
me an opportunity to get a good view of the intelligence
community, too: the National Security Agency, the DIA
(Defense Intelligence Agency), the national reconnaissance
organization-the whole bit..4ncl I started to see the politics
within the community and.' the politics between die com-
ci p ctiv~ etc wring
g p s
it ilrrcc tears }had a profound r of e t on me, because I
With many of his lifelong views about the world shattered,
Marchetti decided to abandon his chosen career ne of the
(ft5=i nuoc
 Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000400160006-1
"I told him I thought the intelli once community and the
into lh euccageencywere too big and too ?costly ' fliil I
trou t there was too much military influence on int 1li-
icc and yerybar] effects from chat-.and that I f Tt Te
nG, Lformore control and more direction.
?L w_L1audcstinc _aLutude.,_-tlie _ amoralit , of it all the cold-
_
~var_wQijlality-these kinds of tltjtigs macj me enT if re a fency
a) L a ,L_oL-step. with t[ie times,? Marchetti said.
"We parted friends. I cried all the way home
lt.Iarchetti, 41, hardly looks the stereotype of
spent 1.4 years in the CIA.
His dark-rimmed glasses, full face, slightly stout figure,
soft. voice, curly black hair and bushy sideburns would seem
more at home on a college campus. Ile pro ounces his name
the Italian way--MMfarlcclfi.
Marchetti's first impulse after quitting the CIA was to
write a nonfiction account of what was wrong with the U. S.
intelligence community. But, he said, he could not bring
himself to do it then.
Instead he wrote a sp'
y novel-"a reaction to the James
Bond and British spy-story stereotypes"-which he says looks
at the intelligence business realistically from the headquarters
point of view he knows so well.
The novel, "The Rope Dancer," was published last-nionth.
It is a thinly disguised view of the inner struggle over Viet-
nam and Russian strategic advances as Marchctti saw them
'within the CIA, the. Pentagon and the White House under
President Johnson. -
Writing the novel took a year. Then came two tries at
nonfiction articles-one rejected as too dull acrd the other
turned down as too chatty-aid a start on a second-novel,
J4a _11arcbc[Li.said the aced for intelligence reform con-
ir't'it vr't to gnaw at him, and as his st_srnlcl`"~vas -aoi-ir to
-
ceuu4 Qtr;, he vane into contact with others who agreccl'~vi[h
hiu1,_ it It ding Representative Herman ]3ac o ( em. ;~of
Alm ss ,Mareheiti said, the sec;and _uos:el has _l cn. laid aside
se-17J; rar~?(~(!.t:etc f111 ti mg to a campaign for reform-
"intelligence Business Is Just Too Big"
Although now a dove-particularly on Vietnam, which he
calls-an unwinnable war to "support a crooked, corrupt
regime that cannot even run. an election that looks honest"-
Marchetti says he still believes strongly in the need for in-
telligence collection.
"It's a fact of life," he said. "For your own protection you
need to know what other people are thinking.
"a3:~iuLQlli-euce is now a G-bill ion-doil, ?tr-a:year business,
Ar.ttUhat is just too Na. It. can be done for a lot less, and
pe. ,;}rs-~clorie better---tFh_a- ?
yo u.L?g t the waste
For. instance, Marchetti said, the Nationa eciirity Agency
charged in part with trying to decode intercepted messages
of foreign governments-wastes about half its 1-billion-dollar
yearly budget.
"They have boxcars full of tapes up at For[ Meade (Md.)
that are 10 years old-.boxcars full!-because in intercepting
Sevier (radio) communications, for instance, the Soviets are
just as sophisticated -as we are in scrambler systems. It is
"almost a technical impossibility to bred': a scrambled, coded
message. So they just keep collecting stuff and putting
it in boxcars. They continue to ,ill over the world.
They continue to spend fortunes try -; to duplicate the
Soviet (scrambling and encoding) con.,; ' "-s," he'said.
"
13y the time someone can break it,
gone by. So you find out what they
ago---s o'what?"
alysts agreed was useless. The CIA Diretcor, he said, wroto
a-memorandu.m recomineaiclurg the program stop.
"But. Paul Nitze,, on his last day in office (as Deputy
Secretary of Defense), sent back a memo in which he said
he had received the reedmmenclation and considered it, but
had decided to continue the program," Marchetti said. He
said this was possible for Nitze because, although the Di-
rector of the CIA is officially in charge ' of all the nation's
intelligence activities, 85 per cent of the money is hidden in
the Defense Department budget..
This, said Marchetti, gives the military considerable pow-
cr to shape intelligence estimates. Ile gave as all example a
conflict between' military and CIA estimates of the number
of North Vietnamese and Viet Cong in South Vietnam dur-
ing the late 1960s.
The military wanted a low figure "to show they were
killing the VC and North Vietnamese and were winning
the war." The CIA reported far too many Communists in
South Vietnam to support this military desire, he said.
Ultimately, Marchetti said, the military won and the CIA
issued an estimate in which "tricky wording" seemed to
make its views agree with those of the generals.
"[3rovrbeating}, Pressure" to Change Roporrs
"Whenever you're working on a problem that the military
is deeply interested in-because it's affecting one of their
programs or their war in Vietnam or something--and you're
not saying what they want you to say, the browbeating
starts- the delaying tactics, the pressure to get the report to,
reach more like they -want it to read, he said-"in other
words, influencing intelligence for the benefit of their own
operation or activity. -
"Somehosv, some way, you've got Yo keep your intelli-
gence objective. It can't be a priv rte tool of the military-
nor, for that n-ratter, a private tool of the \Vhiite Ilouse."
Marchetti said there is also waste in almost every technical
intelligence-gathering program-such as spy satellites, spe-
cial reconnaissance aircraft, and over-the-horizon radars-be-
cause when either the military or the CIA. makes a new ad-
vance the rival agency follows suit with something almost
the same but just different enough to justify its existence.
"The CiA People Can Start Up Wars"
The thing that troubles Marchetti most about the, CIA is
its penchant for the dark arts of clandestine paramilitary
actions---an area made doubly attractive to the Agency be-
cause the military scarcely cart operate in this field.
" n f the tliu
to remerihber, too, t1_cy]r aniora-C ey1e iio1W rlo
t ie _e ~Inoral,_
"The Director made a speech to the National Press Club
where he said, `You've just got to trust us. We are honorable
men.'
"Well, they are honorable men-generally speaking. But
the nature of the business is such that it is amoral.
s.t-_ ?ng_s are right- or wrong, mood or evil moral or
immoral. Th",.1i~;tu>?e of _inkclrscne is _t that }i,?ou o legs
because-they have to be done, ~victber it's right ur W104g?
L~.hetti~,.did not complete the sentence.
Because tiemen oldie Agency are superpatriots, he said,
iLjL_Qi11 uattual for them to vice -,violent protest and dis-
sidence as a major threattp the jiatron. The nhbrecT A ic-
.Said, would be to launch a clandestine operaTon
t.ction, Fe-__
? to iuOyatedissident grotphs.
That, said Marchetti, may already have started to happen.
`;L.ckuithase v.erymuch- to -go on," bw-aaid "just bits and
nieces dint indicate the U. S intelligence comniunrt is ar
reach t hr getin _on grou hsithis country Hilt they cc o
subversive..
"I 'now this was being discussed in the halls of the CIA,
and that there were a lot of people who felt this should be
done."
Needed: "More Controls by Congress"
.itli.ll>e_lack of control that exists now over the Agency,
Mft E'hetti uc'l. a i c treincl ie'icttonary President cotil"d
} Omps order the, CIA's I_ estinc,ac it vrties? to ? go heY tid
ft"o infiltration.
"I don't think the likelihood of this is very great," Mar-
ehetti said, "lJuk..one of the ways to prevent this is ,w_ a?
little sunshine in,, to Have. some ,iyipie,sgiltol , by the Con-
,ggr;css._
There's no reason for so much secrecy. no reason
tlt intcfligeuce community- sloulcln't-liar. its.. budget ex
irriulu-J.. It just bothers the hell out. of. me to see this waste
going on and this hiding behilid the skirts of national sc,
curity.
"You can have your national security-with controls-and
you don't need 0 billion dollars to do it."
Headquarters for the CIA's worldwide activities. It is located amid the Virginia woodlands not far from the nations capit l
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OARTON, Va. = _ 1 1 5 1 ) = c o . Marchetti
embarked 16 years ago on a career that was' all
any aspiring young spy could ask.
But two years ago, after reaching the highest
levels of the Central Intelligence Agency, lie be-
came disenchanted with what he perceived to be
amorality, oveWhelnin; military influence, waste
and d{iplicity in the spy business. He quit.
Fearing today that the CIA may already have
begun "going against the enemy within" the
United States as they may conceive it -- that
is, dissident student groups and civil 'rights
'organizations - -Marchetti has launched a cam-
paign for more presidential and congressional
control over the entire U. S. intelligence coni-
mtunity.
"I THINK SST's SLED to do this because we're
getting into an awfully dangerous era- when we
have all this talent (for clandestine operations) in
the CIA - and more being developed in the
military, '.vhich is getting into clandestine ops
(operations) -- and there just aren't that many
places anymore to display that talent," Marchetti
says.
"The cold war is failing. So is the war in
Southeast Asia, except for Laos. At the same
'time, we're getting a lot of domestic prob-
lems. And there are people in the CIA who - if
they aren't right now actually already running
domestic operations against student groups, black
movements-and the like -- are certainly consider-
ing it.
This is going to get:. to be very tenmpting,"
Marchetti said in a recent interview at his com-
fortable home in Oakton, a Washington suburb
where many CIA 'men live.
"There'll be a great temptation for these people
to suggest operations and for a President to ap-
prove them or to kind of look the other way. You
have the danger of intelligence turning against the
nation itself, going against the enemy within:'
MARCIIETTI SPEARS of the CIA from an
insider's point of view.
At ? Pennsylvania State University he
deliberately prepared himself for an inntelligence-
career, graduating in 193-5 with a d e g r e e in
Russian studies and history.
Through a professor secretly on the CIA payroll-
ag a talent scout, Marchetti netted the prize all
would-he spies dream of - an immediate job offer
from the CIA. The offer came during ? a secret
meeting in a hotel room, set tip by a stranger who
telephoned and identified himself only as "a friend
of'your brother."
. Marchetti spent one year as a CIA agent in the
field and 10 more as an analyst of intelligence
relating to the Soviet Union, rising through the
ranks until he was helping prepare the national
intelligence estimates for the White House.
During this period, Marchetti says, "I was a
hawk. I believed in what we were doing."
For three years he worked as special assistant
to the CIA chief of plans, programs and budget-
ing; as special assistant to the CIA's exgcutive
director; and as executive assistant to the agen-
cy's deputy director, Vice Adm. Rufus L. Taylor.
"Thus put,me in a very rare position within the
agency and within the intelligence community in
general, in that I was in a place where it was
being all pulled together," Marchetti said. .
"I could see how intelligence analysis was
done, and how it fitted into the scheme of
clandestine operations. It also gave me an oppor-
tunity to get a good view of the intelligence coin-
?munity, too. The National Security Agency. The
DIA (Defense Intelligence Agency). The National
Reconnaissance Organization. The whole bit,
"And I started to see the politics 'within the
community and the politics between the communi-
ty and the. outside. This change of
perspective during those three
years had a profound effetttt on
me, because I began to see things
I didn't like."
WITH many of his life-long
views about the world shattered,
Marchetti decided to abandon his
chosen career. One of the last
things he did at the CIA was to
explain to Director Richard Helms'
why he was leaving.
"I told him I thought the in-
telligence community and the in-
telligence agency were too big and
too costly, that I thought there
was too much military influence
on intelligence - and very had
effects from that - and that I felt
the need for more control and
more direction. . -
"The clandestine attitude, the
amorality of it all, the cold war
mentality - these kinds of things
made me feel the agency was
really out of step with the times,"
Marchetti said.
"We parted friends. I cried all
the way home."
Marchetti, 41, hardly looks the
stereotype of a man who spent 14
years in the CIA.
His dark rimmed glasses, full
face, slightly stout figure, soft
voice, curly black hair and bushy
sideburns would seem more at
home on a college campus. He
pronounces his Name the Italian
!way - Marlsetti.
MAIlCIIETTI'S first Impulse
after quitting the CIA was to write
a non-fiction account of what wash
wrong with the U. S. intelligence;
eommuniiV. But, he said, he could:
not bring himself to do it then.
Instead he wrote a spy novel,
"A reaction to the James Bond
and British spy story
stereotypes," which he says looks
at the intelligence business
realistically from the heardquar-
ters point of view he knows so
well.
The novel, "The Rope Dancer,"
was published last month. It is a
thinly disguised view of the inner,!
;',r ?5Idfiia. V' 1n;F ~4B00415ROOdW6'61 Q6'-1
. THEN IIE WAS PRAWr!avtedhF*,n Aebea
staff of the CIA, moving to an office on the top
floor of the agency's headquarters across the Po-
tomac River from Washington.
CIA," the Pentagon and the White f
House under President Johnson.
- Writing the novel took a year.
Then came two tries at non-fiction
articles, one rejected as too dull
and the other turned down as too
chatty, and a start on a second
novel.,
But Marchetti said the need for
intelligence reform continued to
gnaw at him, and as his first novel.
was about to come out he came
into contact with others who
agreed with him, including Rep.
'Herman Badillo, D-N.Y.
Now, Marchetti said, the sec-
ond novel has been laid aside so
he can devote full time to a cam-
paign for reform.
ALTHOUGH NOW' a dove,
particularly on Vietnam which
he calls an unwinnable war to
"support a , crooked, corrupt i
regime that ' cannot even run an
election that looks honqst,"
Marchetti says he still believes
strongly in the need' for in-
telligence collection.
"It's a fact of life," he said.
"For your own protection, .you
need to 'know what other people
are thinking.
' "But intelligence is now a $6
billion a year business, and that is
just too big. It can be done. for a
lot less, and perhaps- done better
when you cut out the waste." -
For instance, Marchetti said,
the National Security Agency -
chai'ged in 'part with trying to
decode intercepted messages of
foreign governments - wastes
about half its $1 billion yearly
budget.
"They have boxcars full of
tapes up at Ft. Meade that are 10
years old. Boxcars. full! Because
in intercepting Soviet (radio)
communications, for instance, the
Soviets are just as sophisticated
as we are in scrambler systems. It
is almost a technical impossibility
to break a scrambled, coded
message. .
"So they just keep collecting
the stuff and putting it in boxcars.
They continue to listen all over the
world. They continue to spend
fortunes trying to duplicate the
Soviet (scrambling and encoding)
!computers," he said. -
"By the time someone can
break it; a decade or two has gone
by. So you find out what they were
thinking 20 years ago. So what?"
ATARCHIITTI said at one time
a national intelligence review
board tried to cut out an expensive
NSA program that analysts
agreed was' useless. The CIA
director, he said, wrote a
memorandum recommending the
continued
 Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000400160006-1
'But Paul Nitze, on his last day up wars," he said. "They can
in office (as deputy Secretary of
defense), sent back a memo in
which he said he -had received the
recommendation and considered
it, but had decided to continue the
program.," Marchetti said.
lie ' said this was possible for
Nitze because although the direc-
tor of the CIA is officially in
charge of all the nation's : inl
telligence activities, R3 per cent of
the money is hidden. in the De-;
fense Department budget.
This, said Marchetti, gives the
military:'' considerable power to
shape intelligence estimates.
He gave as an example a con-
flict between military and CIA
estimates of the number of North
Vielnaniese and Vietcong in South
va-,...., A??lnn +hn 1,fe 14Gnc Thu
start tip a private war in a coun-
try, cladndestinely, and make it
look like ? it's just something that
the local yokels have decided to
do themselves."
This, according to Marchetti, is;
how the United States first began
active fighting in Vietnam. It is
the type of activity now going on
in Cambodia and Laos, where re-
cent congressional testimony re-
vealed the CIA is running a 5450
million a year operation, he said.
.Marchetti said he is convinced
the CIA not only engineered the
1963 ovetthrow of the :Diem
regime in' Vietnam, which Presi-
dent Nixon also has said was the
:case, but was also responsible for
the coup that ousted Prince Noro-
dom Sihanouk in early 1970, mak-
th
military wantea a tow rrgurc - to! -??d ---"- - - -- necessary to understand the men
show they were killing the VC and namese raid on Communist of the CIA. .
North Vietnamese and were v.-In- `anctuaries in that country
ping tho: war." The CIA reported several weeks later. - Most.of them, he said, got their
far too ;many communists in South The Southeast Asia clandestine' start in the intelligence business
Vietnam to support this military operations years ago caused the during or shortly after World War
desire, he said. . CIA to set up a phoney. airline II when the cold. war was going
ULTI.)IATELY, Marchetti said,
the nip litary won and the CIA
issued an `estimate in which
"tricky wordiiig" seemed to make
its vk-.-a agree with those of the
general; .
has as many employes as tl'a'
1.8,000-member working staff of
CIA itselt, he said.
Well, the CIA is net only
monkeying around in Vietnam and
"Whenever you're working on a "They're looking at other areas "THE DIRECTOR made a
problem that the military is where these Sorts of opportunities speech to the National Press Club
doe ll interested in - because it's where he said 'You've just got to
r y may present themselves. trust us. We are honorable men.'
affecting one of their programs or "When they start setting up
Well, they are honorable men -
-and you're not saying what they everything else that goes with the
want you to say, the browbeating wherewithal for supporting a
starts, the delaying tactics, the government or an anti-
pressure to get the report to read government movement, this is
more like they want it to read," he very, very dangerous. Because
said "In other Words influenein- they can do it in a clandestine
intelligence for the benefit of their fashion and make it difficult for do things because they have to be
own operation or activity. the public to be aware of what is done, whether it's right or wrong.
"Somehow, some way, you've going on." If you murder ..."
got to keep your intelligence ob- 11ARCIIUTTI SAID . are as Marchetti did not complete the
jective. It can't be a private tool where the CIA might launch sentence.
of the military. Nor, for that, mat- uture clandestine paramilitary Because the men of the agency
ter, a private tool of the White activities include South America, are super-patriots, he said, it is
House." India, Africa and the Philippines only natural for them to view
violent protest and dissidence as a
-Marchetti said there is also - all places in the throes of social major threat to the nation. The
waste in almost every technical upheaval. Upheaval, he said, is inbred CIA reaction, he said,
intelligence. gathering program -- what prompts the CIA director to would be to launch a clandestine
such as spy satellites, special re- b e g i n p 1 a n nine possible operation to infiltrate dissident
clandestine activities in a country.
d
f
over-
t, an
connaissance aircra
the-horizon radars - because That is so if the President
when either .the military or the says go in and do something. he's
rival agency. follows . suit with in people. He may have a program
smething almost the same but just going.with the police in this coun-
different enough to justify its ex- try or the military ill that," ac-
istenc4.
TIL THING that troubles
Marchetti most about the CIA is
p
n
its penchant for the dark arts of Miami and Rocky 4Io main Air in
i
ons?
clandestine paramilitary act
an area made doubly attractive to
the agency because the military
scarctOly can operate in this field.
"One of the things the CIA
clandestine people can dApprOtV
In addition to Air America,
Marchetti said, the CIA has set up
both Southern Air Trans
ort i
BE ALSO SAID the CIA has a
big depot. in the midwcst United l
States "where they have all -kinds
of military equipil',ent, all kinds of .
unmarked weapons."
"Over the years they have'
bought everything they can get
their hands on - all over the
world - that is untraceable to
prepare for the contingency that
they might want to ship arms to a
group in a place like Guatemala,'.',
Marchetti said. -"They even used
to send weapons buyers to buy
arms from the (Soviet) bloc
countries."
To fully understand why the
CIA conducts semi-legal opera-
tions around the world, why it
alight begin to conduct them in
the United Stales, and why more
control needs to be exercised over
e agency, Marchetti said, it is
"These people - are super-
patriots," he said. "But you've got
to remember, too, they're amoral.
They're not Immoral. They're
amoral.
generally speaking.
"But the nature of the business
is such that it is amoral. Most
things are right or wrong, good or
evil, moral or immoral.. The
nature of intelligence is that you
perhaps order the C I A ' s
clandestine activities to go beyond
more infiltration.
"I don't think the likelihood of
this is very great," Marchetti
said. "But one of the "ways to pre-
vent this is to let a little sunshine
in, to have some more controls by
the Congress.
"Whol'e's no reason for so much
secrecy. There's no reason the in-
telligence community shouldn't
have its budget examined. It just
bothers the bell out of me to see
this waste going on and this hidinn
behind the skirts of national
security. You can have your na-
tional security, with controls, and
you don't need $6 billion to do it."
groups. -
That, said Marchetti, may
already have started to happen.
'
have very much to go
" 'I don't
on," he said. "Just bits and pieces
that indicate the U. S. intelligence
community is already targc;inr; on
groups in this country, that they
feel to be 'subversive.
"I know this was being
discussed in the-halls of the CIA,
and that there were a lot of people
who felt this should be done."
Phoenix for possible" use in
paramilitary operations in South
.
America. "Similar fake. airlines WiTII THE LACK of control
have been bought and sold all over that exists now over the agency,
11 extremely
t w ?orld? he said including one Marchetti said, an
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pointed at North America to threats to U. S. ships or bases,
to expropriation of American properties, to dangers to any
one of our allies whom we are pledged by treaty to protect.
It Is the interface of world competition between superior
powers. Few are those who have served in the intelligence
system who have not wished that there could be some limita-
tion of responsibilities or some lessening of encyclopedic re-
quirements about the world. It is also safe to suggest that our
senior policy makers undoubtedly wish'that their span of
required information could be less and that not every dis-
turbance in every part of the world came into their purview.
(Note: This should not be interpreted as meaning that the
U. S. means to 'intervene. It does mean that when there is a
Just how valid are the charges against the Central .Intelligence Agency? What
guarantees do Americans have that it is under tight ,control? A point-by-point de-
fense of the: organization comes from a man who served in top posts for 18 years.
TEIVE PX.7
Following is an analysis of intelligence operations
by Lyman B. Kirkpatrick, Jr., former executive direc-
tor-comptroller of the Central Intelligence Agency:
The Central Intelligence Agency was created by the Na-
tional Security Act of 1947 as an-independent agency in the
executive branch of ,the United States Government, report-
ing to the President. Ever since that date it has been sub-
jected. to criticism both at home and abroad: for what it has
allegedly done as well as for what it has failed to do.
Our most cherished freedoms are those of speech and the
press and the right to protest. It is not only a right, but an
obligation of citizenship to be critical of our institutions, and
no organization can be immune from scrutiny. It is necessary
that criticism be responsible, objective and constructive.
It should he recognized that as Americans we have an
inherent mistrust of anything secret: The unknown is always
a worry. We distrust the powerful. A secret organization de-
scribed as powerful must appear as most dangerous of all.
It was rn rS 2ontiibility for my last 12 years with the CIA
~ n pecfoj gen era den as eaecu y c~Ciieef?or-
nt~tr o11eL-to ms u e _that mall _s?esponsible c>:ifiejsfns ie
L LA were uo perly and, thoroughly examined and, when
r, lnec remecrzl action taken. ani_ confident= this active
lass ,been .followed by rily sutcegs5or'sz noLbeeause__of auX
etirFrt know ec~gn, art bQeaus~;the present Director ofCQU_
is ,1 I eil gg ce.was my respected) frics4 rn d colleague for
r114T =.I113t? tl~tn_.('Ics, ,rac77 lr ~v die perates.
It is with this as background that I comment on die cur-
rent allegations, none of which are original with this critic but
any of which should. be of concern to any American citizen.
CIA and the Intelligence System Is Too Big
This raises the questions of how much we are willing to
pay for national security, and how much is enough.
First, .what are the responsibilities of the CIA and the
other intelligence organizations of our Government?
Very briefly, tj~Lc intelligence system is charged with in-
in r that the Unitcc Cates earns as grin a vane . <
s an yotential threats to our national interests. A
moment's contemplation wi put in perspectn e sv is ?ffiis ac
tually means. It can range all the way from Russian missiles.
@9E
Lyman B. Kirkpatrick, Jr.,
now. professor of political
science at Browh University,
joined the Central Intelli-
gence Agency in 1947 and
advanced to assistant direc-
tor, inspector general and ex-
ecutive director-comptroller
before leaving in 1965. He
has written extensively on
intelligence and espionage.
Among other honors, he holds
the President's Award for
Distinguished Federal Civil-
ian Service and the Distin-
guished Intelligence Modal.
boundary dispute or major disagreement between other na-
tions, the IT. S. is expected to exert its leadership to help
solve the dispute. It does mean that we will resist subversion
against small, new nations. Thus the demand by U. S. policy
makers that they be kept informed.)
,drat this means for our intelligence system is world-
To my personal knowledge, there has not been an Admnin- '
istration in Washington that has not been actively concerned
with the size and cost of the intelligence system. A.ll Adroin
..istiatioils..hrn cJ p-t..the iutelligen..ce agencies under tieli cones
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[continued from preceding page]
trnl r:ttemnte. l to reduce person el and expenditures, and
:everthin n bee.-ta- Ijt ~s;ast~e and du iiatio
Xj}Srsevet ll at leave been active an concerned in tin roc'ess
e incluc e t re rest ents, the cornmiitees of tie gzQss,, the~rice o 4anagement anc a get, flee J'reesicrit's
i:~zdicaIs are, months. Madame Mao is still
tent of the mainland presst,"red in the old cultural around but is rather protocol
showy it is still continuing. ? I.xevolution group" of the party appearances, not party ones:
Fundamental Struggle f visas-led by Chairmacl Mao-'s Otherradicals are also mossing.
The battle is less over individ Eni user. political secretary, Chan There seems little doubt that
Pa-ta and included ~hairraian the ever visible, ever busy Pre
uals than about the course that Mao's wife Chiang Ching, the mien Chou has wined asendan
building what they call social
ism" and what the West would
describe as "Communism." '
It is a fundamental struggle
on such critical points as how
the.internal economy will be or-
mainland China will take in allience chief, Kang Sheng, g
ey in the political struggles.
hai political leaders as well as a
few military chieftains.
Chairman Mao, himself, gen-
erally stayed above the battle,
'idealistic - while they in turn
argued against those who would
forget the need for revolution.
The fight, between the' two
-groups-was ready for a show-
Some analysts here believe this
victory is so solid that such
giants as Lin Piao may have
failed if indeed he is not serious-
ly. 111, aneyen.t that would not be
surprising considering his histo-
ry of chronic ailments.
The nbw Chinese leadership
i'hen it emerges is expected of
have a slightly less red hue.
That: it does not at this tme
could :be due to different rea-
sons, that the list battle still has
not been fought or that it is
simply too embarrassing to
dump a figure like Madame
Mao.::. ..
The names of the leaders are
less important than the trend--
Peking is turning more prag-l
matic, less tied to the ideologi-
cal anchors of extreme and rev-,
olutionaryMaoism. - . I
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FOR PUBLIC AFFAIRS STAFF
PROGRAM RADIO NEW YORK
October 20, 1971
41 EAST 42ND STREET. NEW YORK, N. Y. 10017, 6975100
41:25 PM
INTERVIEW OP, MA TTI AUTHOR OF "THE ROPE DANCER"
JOHN W1NGATE: He was a guest before and he's ree
come back attain. Victor Marchetti, for fourteen years with
the Central Intelligence Agency. And he wrote the new novel,
"The Rope Dancer", based on the life of a spy.
Victor Marchetti, formerly of the C.I.A., how does a spy
work? Does he come into Washington or do they: cable him instructions
in code or what happens?
VICTOR MARCHETTI: Generally, a spy is recruited in place.
This is the preferred way. He is spotted by; say a diplomat
may notice that there is a certain individual high up in the
target government who seems not to be completely satisfied with
the way.things are going. He will be observed for a while and
he will of course be checked out.; When it is considered that
he is a good possibility, someone will be flown in usually,
they don't.want to use anybody operating in that,country to
make a recruitment pitch to him.
If he accepts the recruitment pitch, and he's doing this
on ideological -- for ideological motives, there is not much
money going to change hands. and whatever?money he does get will
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be put into-escrow for him in the event that he should live
through the adventure and be resettled someday elsewhere in
the world.
WINGATE: But suppose this man is a shrewdie, knows the
value of a dollar and is ideologically, he checks out well and
he says my price is'two hundred thou-sand to get what you want.
MARCHETTI: You're getting right at the hero of my book.
If an agent has access, if he has the information that the intelligence
service wants, they will pay for it. Particularly the Soviet
Union. They...
WINGATE:
MARCHETT
Do they pay a high price? Russia?
s which
have been acquired by the C.I.A. ...
WINGATE: ... as they used to say, they've come to hand
recently.
MARCHETTI: Yes. They say, don't ever turn him down for
money, and give him anything he wants. It's far, far better
to overpay him and have him produce the information than to
lose this potential source.
WINGATE: Do we tend to be rather more tight-fisted?
MARC.HETTI: Yes. I think so. And it's because of this
urge to get people who want to spy for reasons other than money.
WINGATE: Would you rather have a spy who. agreed with you
ideologically or a spy who knew what he was doing and held you
up for all the money he could take?
MARCHETTI: I would -- if that were the choice, and all
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_3_
things being equal, I would prefer the ideologlca,lly-motivated
WINGATE: Why?
MARCHET?TI : Because he will take more risks; he may even
be willing to give his life-for the operation; he can be trusted.
However, if I were operating in the field, and I found an agent
who had tremendous access to information we really needed, I'd
pay him anything he asked to get it.
W jIGATE? How much would you pay him for an assassination?
MARONETTI: An assassination-has to be approved, theoretically,
by the Director, with the concurrence of still higher authority.
WINGATE: If you wanted to do it, you'd pay him'what he
annfe0?
MARCHETTI: I would. Yes.
WINGATE: That's Victor Marchetti former C.I.A. officer
who tells of espionage in his new book, "The Rope Dancer".
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-24ARCITETTI REVELATIONS -- East Berlin, Neues Deutschland, German,
27 Oct 71, p 7
The former CIA agent Victor Marchetti, once the main
adviser to CIA deputy director Taylor, reveals in U.S. News
and World Report that "one of theLthings that CIA agents can do
is incite wars." The CIA laid the foundation for U.S. agression
in Vietnam. Among its present fields of_activity are
primarily Cambodia and Laos. The CIA is also concentrating on.
South America, India, Africa, and the Philippines, where
social revolutions are in progress. The process of taking
action "against the internal enemy in the United States" has
begun.
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TRANSMITTAL SLIP
Legislative Counsel
ROOM NO. BUILDING I
7 D 43 Hqs.
REMARKS:
FROM: WALTER PFORZHEIMER
ROOM NO. BUILDING
FORM 241
REPLACES FORM 36-8
WHICH MAY BE USED.
EXTENSION
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