RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP75-00001R000200630013-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 2
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 17, 1999
• Sequence Number: 13
• Publication Date: March 1, 1967
• Content Type: MAGAZINE

Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-R
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RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Mao's "Cultural Revolution " :
Origin and Development
CPYRGHT
Recognising that men always make mistakes, what should be done with
those comrades who go astray? Toward these, one should first carry
out struggle and thoroughly wash away :.mistaken thoughts. Secondly,
it is still necessary to help them. ? rocecding from good intentions, help
them correct their errors. enable them to have a way nut.
CPYRGHT
-Mao Tse-tung, Speech at Moscow Communist
Party Conference, November 1957.1
MAO Tss-TUNG utilised the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the
October Revolution to lecture delegates attending the Moscow Commu-
nist Party Conference on the correct method for dealing with erring
comrades. Mao appeared to be offering his ortnula " unity-criticism-
unity " to other Bloc parties as a substitute for the violence and terror
inherent in Stalin's periodic purging of the Soviet party. At the same
time, Mao appeared to be giving assurances that Stalin's errors connected
with the " cult of personality " could not possibly develop within the
Chinese party.
Eight years later in the fall of 1965, Mao Tse-tung initiated the
great proletarian cultural revolution " featuring Stalinist techniques
of violence and the public purge.2 What has produced this sharp reversal
of Maoist strategy in dealing with such long-time " comrades-in-arms "
as Liu Shao-ch'i (Mao's heir-apparent for 20 years)? Why is it neces-
sary to organise Red Guards to terrorise and maltreat all segments of
Chinese society, including the once sacrosanct Chinese Communist Party?
These are large questions to which, lacking many of the relevant
facts, one can only provide partial and tentative answers. Some must
await the further unfolding of the " cultural revolution " which will
undoubtedly shed more light on its purposes and objectives. Some are
I Kung-tso T'ung-hsun (Bulletin of Activities), No. 13 (March 20, 1961), p. 6.
2 For a good discussion of this and other parallels between Mao and Stalin, see
Arthur A. Cohen, "Mao: the Man and His Policies," Problems of Communism,
September-October 1966.
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Contributors
y is an American student of Asian communist affairs who has published
cs on Communist China and North Korea. He received his Ph.D. at
The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy in 1951. Formerly Foreign Affairs
Officer in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defence, he is now a research
analyst for the C.I.A.
Nal-Ruenn Chen, formerly associated with the University of California at Berkeley
and the Committee on the Economy of China of the Social Science Research
Council, is Assistant Professor of Economics at Cornell. He is the author of The
Economy of Mainland China, 1949-1963: A Bibliography of Materials In English
and Chinese Economic Statistics.
Eric Chou was born in Manchuria and graduated from Peking Normal University and
was a lecturer at Tsing Hua University. From 1946-61 he was diplomatic cor-
respondent, foreign news editor, executive secretary and publisher of Ta Kung Pao.
He came to England in 1961 after four and a half years of imprisonment and
brainwashing in Shanghai and Peking. He is the author of several books, includ-
ing one about his experience in China, A Man Must Choose.
Hugh Collar is Secretary of the China Association,' London.
William F. Dorrill is staff member of the Social Science Department of the RAND
Corporation specialising on China and the Far East and a doctoral candidate at
Harvard University.
Ernst Halperin is a Swiss authority on international communism. He is currently
in Brazil, engaged in a comprehensive study of communism in Latin America of
which this article is a part. The first volume, Nationalism and Communism in
Chile, appeared in 1965.
James P. Harrison is Preceptor of Oriental Studies and a doctoral candidate in history
at Columbia University. Ile is currently engaged in research on the history of
Chinese Communism and modern Chinese intellectual history.
John Israel, Assistant Professor of History at Claremont Men's College, is spending
the current academic year at the East Asian Research Center, Harvard University.
He is the author of the recently-published Student Nationalism In China, 1927-
1937.
Joyce K. Kallgren is acting Assistant Professor of Political Science, University of
California, Davis campus, and Vice-Chairman, Center for Chinese Studies at
Berkeley.
Edward J. M. Rhoads, a graduate student of Modern Chinese History at Harvard, is
editor of The Chinese Red Army, 1927-1963: An Annotated Bibliography.
Robert A. Rupert, Professor of Political Science at the University of North Carolina,
travelled in the Mongolian People's Republic in 1957-58 and is the author of
Mongols of the Twentieth Century. He served as Chairman of the International
Symposium on Vietnam and the Sino-Soviet Dispute at the Institute for the Study
of the USSR in Munich in June 1966.
Janet Salafj is a Fellow of the Center for Chinese Studies at Berkeley and a doctoral
candidate in sociology. She is currently engaged in research on demography with
an article on public health organisation in China in press.
Stuart R. Schram is joint head of the Soviet/Chinese section of the Centre d'Etude des
Relations Internationales of the Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques in
Paris. Ile is the author of The Political Thought of Mao Tse-tung, Le Marxisine
et l'Asie (with I-IEILne Carrbre d'Encaussc), and Mao Tse-tung, published last year
Mark Selden is Assistant in Instruction in History at Yale University.
Edgar Tonnsot is Research Assistant at the Institut fur Ostrecht in Cologne. Ile is the
author of China urnd das Recht nationaler Minderheiten and of Volkerrecht and
Prisenrecht (with Hcllmuth Hecker).
Kenneth R. Walker is Reader in Economics at the School of Oriental and African
Studies, London University, and author of Planning In Chinese Agriculture.
Peter Wiles is Professor of Russian Social and Economic Studies, University of London.
He has written numerous articles on communist economics and ideology and
Kremlinology and is the author of The Political Economy of Communism and
Price, Cost and Output.
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Approved For Release 1999/09/08: CIA-RDP75-00001 R000200630013-3