SEN. WAYNE MORSE:

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP75-00149R000500320009-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 3
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 29, 2003
• Sequence Number: 9
• Publication Date: September 28, 1965
• Content Type: OPEN

RECORD
SEP 2 8 1965
Approved For Release 2004/01/16 : CIA-RDP75-00149R0005003 0009-6
Sen. Wayne Morse:
"WHAT MORE CAN WE Do To War AN HoNOn Western armies moved Into the rest, and that constantly thrcatnns an Arab-Israeli
ABLE PEACE IN ASIA?"-REMARKS oP SENA- both began the effort to reconstruct their ro-: war In the Mlddlo Eon and wh10b Is now
Ton WAYNE MonsE, AT UCLA, Los ANGELES,;' spectivo hails of Europe in their own imago,. shedding blood in Kashmir.
Renq'r, urn oA 1.111 or at leant lntn
heading requires that first we look to 'see
what it is, and where It has been. Certainly
the 15 years following World War II new the
development of the objectives that guide our
policies today, although the techniques and
geographic locations have changed, and so
have the circumstances that gave birth to It.
The final months of the war brought dc-
structlon to much of Western Europe's in.
dustrlal plant, transportation, and housing.
But more than that, the collapse of Germany
left a huge vold In Europe's political orgnnt-
zatlon, because the Nazi occupation or con-
trot of virtually the entire continent, Includ-
Ing 12 countries in But and West Europe,
had destroyed their Indigenous political
leaders and political systems, ,
The Soviet, Army moved Into. that part of
'.. the Told that was nearest to the-Soviet Union.
In the late 1940's, Too began. to feel that only bocauso they Interfere and detract'from
the physical presence of overwhelming Soviet, our own?
military strength on the continent could not It Is a glorification of American policy to
-bo offset by the skeleton American military, Call It one of saving the world for freedom.
presence, even backed up by atomic weapons, ? What it means Is that we view any advance
which we then possessed exclusively. The by communism as a threat to the United
Greek-Turkish aid program was underta.ken'. States. There have been a few exceptions.
In 1047 when the civil war which was Greece's. We deplored the repression of the Hungarian
legacy of the occupation threatened it with robellion, but we did nothing about It, And'
slovakla Into thedomination. Soviet
spherefby means of a andf to seizure of territory from takeover tut
political coup, Inspired the United States to did nothing about those advance, either.
try to organize the remainder of, Western Eu- mainly because we did not think that from
rope Into a much tighter and more dynamic, . the geographic standpoint they posed a'
entity, throat to the security of the United States.
We began with the Marshall plan for eco. But with those few exceptions, there Is
nomic reconstruction; we followed it up with little real estate In the world whore we view
the North Atlantic Treaty Organization for . Communist control as anything but a threat
military defense. Into the economic revival to ourselves.
and military defenses of Europo we poured In essence, our policy throughout the.`
$40 billion which has not yet been repaid,'. world Is also one of nationalism. In its
plus another $7 billion which bas. Half a namo we have spent $109 billion In foreign
million U.S. troops were sent to Europe to -aid; we alone, of all the nations of the
form the nucleus of NATO's military.forco, world, maintain tens of thousands of troops
most of them still there. abroad in much the same fashion that Brit-
Thus, we undertook what was called the ish troops were stationed all over the world
containment policy, whereby we built a ring In the heyday of Empire. And but for the
of pro-Amorl&an governments around the. few remaining British buses at Aden, Singa-
Soviet Union, designed to prevent its fur- porn, and Gibralter, only the United States
ther expansion. In the mid-1960's, the ring maintains sea, air, and naval bases outside
was extended under the Eisenhower doctrine . Its own territory.
into the Middle East, and the economic aid, These are the trappings of our own nn-
program was followed by the Baghdad Pact tionallsm. To them, we have for 20 years
for military defense.
b
su
ordinated
But and belittled all other nation-
With the extension of the contain-. , Allure. We have regarded them as a nul-
ment theory into the Middle East, this Amori canoe, representing only the willful fancies
can policy began to encounter circumstance of nations that can afford to Indulge In them
that had not prevailed in Europe. In Eu- only because of the protection of the Amerirepo, Too had repaired and reconstructed. Can military umbrella.
We had put together economic system, flis-
rup'ted by war, and encouraged the rebuild PROBLEMS POSED By
NATIONALISM IN ASIA
ing of political systems also disrupted by war In the lost 6 years, our American foreign
and occupation. The military alllance under' Policy objectives have been the most seriously
NATO was a holding actio
thwarted b
nntl
ll
t
y
n
ona
o permit eco-
sm In Asia. Twenty
nomle and political netlon. . yearn ago, Japan lay defeated; but not before
'But in the Middle East, Latin America, she had defeated permanently the exploits-
Afrlea, and most urgently In Asia, we are tion and domination of Asia by Western Pow
not rebuilding disrupted nations. We are ere. There was little welcome given to the
not dealing with nations of established eco Japanese conquerors by indigenous people,
nomic customs and habits; we are not deal except In those colonies like the Dutch But
Ing with nations whose herltago and tradi- ? Indies whore imperialism had shown to worst,
tions we have shared for generations. Wefaco, Sukarno was a collaborator with the
are dealing with nations, some old and some Japanese In the Interest of ousting the
new, but all struggling with the multiple Dutch. - -
problems of exploding populations and ex- ' But whether they were met bycollabora-
ploding demands of those Populations for ...tors or by native resistance, the Japanese
greater material benefits, even while they are throw out the British, the French, the Dutch,
developing the institutions of aolf-govern- and oven the Americans from the Philippines.-'
Mont. They proved it could be done, and having
The Marshall plan had a beginning and' proved It, white domination was never ro
:an end. But economic development, as op- established. The French tried to reenter
posed to reconstruction, is -open-ended, Indochina, but after 8 costly years, gave up
Moreover, the virtual dissolution of NATO, the struggle. Elsewhere, the transition to
the Greek-Turkish dispute over Cyprus, and Independence was accomplished with leas
the reversion of Greece from a model of. violence. -
political stability and economic growth' Into - ThIs, too, left a huge vacuum that posed
its pre-Truman doctrine days of factional new problems for the United States, The
strife, are all warnings. that only where the withdrawal of both Japan and the West left
throat of communism is Overpowering and many now nations which totally lacked their
Imminent Is there the adhesive to hold no., own economic and political? systems. We
tlons together behind an American objective. Promptly organized more defense pacts with .
In Europe, the threat of. expansion the thought of providing then nations with
has Just about dh resat tired. With It has the name sort of U,s. military umbrella under
which to huddle w they the.
disappeared the huddling of nations under. elves. But thin timed the partnersz were the .
the American umbrella. Germany con- white nations who had a continued interest
tinucs to be our chief ally In Europe, but '
goo'nly because it is Germany that ett ha, the In the affairs of Asia. Only Pakistan and
.the Philippines joined the Southeast Asia
Vn ont unfinished business with the Soviet
Treaty Organization, The other Asian Coon.
trica Even in Europe, the objectives of nation them, their nInternl wanted b1 part of it. For, ems allem are dominant. We deplore them; we mount and they could best be a pr pore-
think Greece and Turkey are stu
id- t
c
p
o - by A ? nationalism that cannot - endure
I yquaarrrel over Cyprus, when, the not result Is Association' wlth'the West that could be La-
Any
Approved For Release 2004/01/16 CKcJ~r SROOQSM -6terprood as domination by the Wont,
Moreover, hundreds of years of religious
so,, too, do we Condemn the natdonaliamr and ethado conflicts made the NATO unity
... . BCD
 Se tenj gr 28, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE 24417,
A rove or Reease 2004/01/16 : CIA-RDP75-00149R000500320009-6
style impossible. Today, they dominate The breakup of the Malaysian Federation, war can do nothing but exacerbate those
events in Asia. Moslem versus Hindu In which may break up into more pieces before feelings.
the subcontinent; Chinese versus Malayan the process is finished, marked another fail- China has already profited from the folly
in Malaysia; Vietnamese versus Chinese in ure of Western policy. Malaysia was care- produced by our shortsighted policy, for
Indochina. And today there is, I submit, Sully constructed by the British to join to- communism invariably makes Its greatest
only one overriding outside Issue on which gether a group of former colonies so balanced gains in periods of war. China has greatly
.. these people agree, and that is that they ethnically as to prevent the domination strengthened Its ties with Pakistan; and it
never again are going to be dominated by of the Federation by any one of them, has seen the peace and stability of all of non-
white people, be they American or western -British economic interests continued to dom- Communist Asia gravely weakened. India
European. - mate the Federation, and Its military ostab- and Pakistan have never been interested in
These aspects of nationalism'In Asia are - lishment "east of Suez" is founded on It. ' our problem In South Vietnam because they
factors the United States will Ignore at its But the British, too, failed to consider the feared each other more than they feared core-
great peril. For 11 years, we have tried to depth of local rivalries, which finally led the munlsm.
maintain a government of our choosing in Moslem Malays to force out the Chinese city FUTURE OF U.B. POLICY IN ASIA
with 100 million; Indonesia, with 100 million American aid and U.S. bases by Burma and '?O1? '?'I'?"??,... .. -, =..i...: ?1...1. n,.. n ...
and the most extensive natural resources of Cambodia, on the violent anti-Americanism she, too will come to live by the doctrine of
over 700 million poop e, a ov e y vent her expansion, In the hope and expects-
-1 most of us have forgotten occupies a as the way to save all of Asia, do not even
r..__ ..__,.,-.. ..a 1,- TnAin -_-t. on the feilnrn of the meat Asian tion that some day, as did Russia, she will,
South Vietnam. As It weakened almost In of Singapore. Now, the future of Britain
and Asia
Inverse proportion to the money and mils. "east of Suez" Is In total jeopardy and so, of In can lead my only opinion, into a our r vortex present failure Policy in
si
tary equipment we poured Into It, the sup- course, is the American position in Vietnam. -
port for our policy among other nations In You will not hear any of this described, feat for the United States. Its purpose is to
the area also declined. much less admitted In official Washington,- do with China what we did with Russia-to
The real powers in Asia are: China, with The Washington policymakers who pro- surround her with a steel ring of military de
1 th S i t Union scribed our militar commitment in Vietnam Tense and political opposition that will pre.
southern Asia; and Japan, with 100 million of Indonesia, on the breakup of the Malay- coexistence.
people and the greatest Industrial capacity scan Federation, nor on the war between n The great element lacking in Asia that was
.. In Europe is n n,-Ming fen of
Not one of these countries has joined us , Here, in this latest affront to American-, communism. Political freedom and material
In the fighting In Vietnam; of them, only the interests in Asia, is another opportunity for wealth for the masses are almost unknown In
d t d th t t Asia. Most of the new countries have no
J G e nment Ives us any verbal A i t
a
enese ov r g
-
allow Britain to continue operating Its bases fectivo. But there are 40 million Moslems lines at all. They do not go beyond the idea
there on his terms, he makes It clear that still in India and 10 million Hindus still in of fighting to kill the Vietcong. How to
Americans will never be allowed to take over Pakistan. Both countries have a recent his- leave the country After we have done that is .
affairs of Asia for our own national purposes. wanted to believe. We did not want to be-'. supported at a cost of half a billion a year
Anti-Americanism is becoming the one thing leave that American equipment would be _ and defended only by the continued pres-
on which a politician in Asia Can rally used in an Indian-Pakistan war, so we con- ence of 50,000 U.S. troops. .
support. . tinned the program in the face of all reason, It is said that the opponents of our Viet-
So Mayor Lee reached back 5 years to re- With American being abused by both sides nam war have few alternatives on how to get
veal and publicize one of the uglier efforts of for cutting off further aid, the best we could the United States out without leaving the -
the Central Intelligence Agency to subvert - do was support a United Nations- interecs- nation to the Communists; the advocates
his country. And although he is willing to sion. At the moment, it appears to be of. of the war have no proposal along these
Lists in Asia that Americans would never, years toss too tams said moons equipment States, either directly or by local anny forces
never, never leave South Vietnam and the with which we were furnishing her army under the direction of American military
rest of Asia to Its fate, the mayor of S1nga- could not be used in the mountainous areas -btiicers. '
closer to China as an ally In ousting the last t""-' -' "" "-"""'?""" --"-- states, necomo inc target nor iocai nationm-
cosEr to Ch from Asia. ries, made the war possible. We thought Ists, be they Communists or not.
pronouncements from our anti-Communist interest in Asia so over-
And after all the In South Vietnam, the more conspicuous
the Secretary of State, from the Secretary of riding that it must be overriding, too, with our aid to Diem and his cohorts, the more
Indian and Pakistan. But it was not: even
local opposition arose to his rule. Today,
-Defense, frothe White House staff, from _?__._e,_ _..T_____ _ _ _,
/2 billion in the country, But Americans are foreigners, and
to South Vietnam, Cambodia told us to take went, amounting to some $1
our various economic aid and military pro-- case of Pakistan and $200 million in the case even the Individuals in a country like South
of India, aid we furnished on assurances it Twn,e n.n e..>,=IAh~ 1...