THE ALARMING TREND TOWARD POLICE-STATE TACTICS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP75-00149R000500420012-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 3
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 5, 2004
• Sequence Number: 12
• Publication Date: February 23, 1967
• Content Type: OPEN

25X1
Approved For Release 2004/02/10: CIA-RDP75-00149R00
February 23, 1967
the citizen, not to mention the police, will
need more effective tools than the President
scorns willing to give him.
[From the Washington (D.C.) Post, Feb. 21,
1967]
C0NFESSEI) KILLER or SIX Is SET FREE
Ne.w Yon K, February 20.-A murder indict-
ment was dismissed today because the con-
fessed killer-charged with six murders-was
not briefed on his rights before he confessed.
The indictment against Jose Suarez, 23,
was dismissed "reluctantly" by Brooklyn Su-
preme Court Justice Michael Kern, who
added: "It makes one's blood run cold and it
makes any human being's stomach turn to
let a thing like this out on the street."
Suarez was accused of fatally stabbing his
common-law wife, Maria Torres, 24, and five
children ranging from 11 months to 6 years
in age. Suarez was said to be the father of
three of the children.
ORDER OF BUSINESS
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
further morning business?
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
suggest the absence of a quorum.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
clerk will call the roll.
The legislative clerk proceeded to call
the roll.
Mr. NELSON. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the order for
the quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER.
objection, it is so ordered.
acting in secret-they are acting dishon- is that the main victims are our own
For the law, Government regula- citizens and in many cases these vieuinls
TEE ALARMING TREND TOWARD "'y'
POLICE-STATE TACTICS tions, and the comments of high Govern- are citizens completely innocent of any
-meat officials have all reassured us that wrongdoing. Furthermore, these inno-
_Mr. NELSON. Mr. President, I think
there is cause to be deeply disturbed by
a number of developments recently which
seem to indicate an alarming trend In
this country toward the use of police-
state tactics.
I refer to the following developments:
First. The lavish subsidization of the
National Student Association and other
private domestic organizations by the
Central Intelligence Agency.
Second. The widespread use of wire-
tapping and eavesdropping by Govern-
ment agencies.
Third. The subsidization of supposed-
ly legitimate books by the U.S. Informa-
Lion Agency, primarily for propaganda
Purposes.
Fourth. The use of private detective
agencies by large corporations such as
General Motors to harass a private citi-
zen such as Ralph Nader.
Fifth. The widespread practice of in-
dustrial spying to discover competitor's
corporate secrets.
Sixth. The use of a private detective
, , , r.cv by the State of Florida, allegedly
to conduct a widespread investigation
into crime and corruption.
All of these developments have pro-
voked considerable publicity, and most of
their have been criticized in one way or
another. When we view all of these de-
velopments and others like them as a
developing, trend or pattern in our so-
we have reason to be gravely
nc ci to whether the United
States of America, perhaps unwillingly
and unwittingly, is veering away from Its
tradii, onal role as a free society and
All of these disturbing developments Dade County circuit court and fined
have certain things in common. $100 for intimidating a witness. In this
In the first place, all have been carried case, Wackenhut reportedly lied in tell-
out under a cloak of secrecy. That alone ing the witness that Wackenhut had se-
raises grave questions of public policy. cretly recorded a conversation with the
Although there might be a few selected witness through use of a concealed dic-
instances where secrecy can be justified taphone. Wackenhut's board of direc-
by Government agencies or by giant cor- tors include members of the John Birch
porations dealing with public questions, Society and a number of 'persons active
as a general rule secrecy is inevitably in national political organizations.
contrary to the public interest and a step According to the Washington Post,
toward corruption and tyranny. Wackenhut's firm is paid $3 million a
Even more important than their com- year by the Atomic Energy Conunission.
mon cloak of secrecy, all of these six ac- Now this gigantic organization, with
tivities have involved an element of dis- its tentacles involved in politics and
honesty. other affairs over much of the globe, has
When our world-famed intelligence gone to work for a high public official.
service took over the largest student or- Presumably it will have access to a'.1
ganization in America, it was not merely manner of official documents, police files,
an act of secrecy. It was an act of out FBI files and other material generally
and out dishonesty. Time after time our available only to responsible public of-
Government has denied Communist ficials.
charges that American students abroad I have said that all of these deplorable
were being used as spies. Now it appears developments have in common the ele-
possible or even probable that these ments of secrecy and dishonesty. Yet
statements issued by our Government by they have in common something even
students themselves and even their par- worse.
ents were lies. Note that the CIA urged The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
the NSA to deny it was subsidized-in time of the Senator has expired.
other words, to state that Ramparts Mr. NELSON. I ask unanimous con-
magazine, rather than the NSA or the sent that I may proceed for 1.additional
CIA, was lying about this secret arrange- minute.
ment. This was a clearly dishonest The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
arrangement, objection, it is so ordered.
When Federal agencies tap telephones Mr. NELSON. Mr. President, the
and bug hotel rooms, they are not merely worst thing about all of those practices
these things were not being done. These
assurances, it now appears, were lies.
The subsidizing of books by the U.S.
Government is more than an act of se-
crecy. It is an act of dishonesty, for
anyone buying such a book without
knowing that it is paid, Government
propaganda, is being cruelly deceived.
In the Ralph Nader case, neither Gen-
eral Motors nor the private detective
which it hired, Vincent Gillen, seemed to
understand that one of the most loath-
some aspects of this case was its dis-
honesty-not just its secrecy.
Detective Gillen lied repeatedly in con-
ducting his investigation; he lied about
his name, he lied about his purpose, and
he lied about his sponsors. Gillen now
tells us that General Motors also lied
in saying that the purpose was to find
out if Nader was behind lawsuits involv-
ing Corvair automobiles. Documentary
evidence plus Gillen's own testimony now
indicate that dishonesty prevailed
throughout this sordid case.
Now the sanIe secret, reprehensible
tactics are being employed op a grand
scale in the State of Florida. The newly
elected Governor has engaged a close
personal friend, George R. Wackenhut,
and directed him to unleash his detec-
tive agency throughout Florida in search
of "corrupt officials."
The Wackenhut Corp. has 5,000 em-
ployees in 28 offices stretching from
Puerto Rico to Hawaii, with subsidiaries
in several Latin Alne.'lciln countl'Ies.
Mr. Wackenhut, himself, is deeply in-
volved in politics, both National and at
the State level. His firm reportedly does
cent American citizens in many cases
will find themselves completely unable
to make a satisfactory defense against
these secret, police-state tactics.
That is what makes these practices
so un-American, and that is why they
should not be tolerated by the American
people.
I think that American citizens gen-
erally are shocked by such tactics, but
let me address myself for a moment to
those who may not be so shocked.
After all, the Central Intelligence
Agency is designed to protect us against
communism and, since we all know Com-
munists use ruthless tactics, why can-
not we use similar tactics to defend our-
selves? Government agencies which tap
telephones and bug bedrooms are realty
fighting crime so what is wrong with
that? Books subsidized by the U.S. in-
formation Agency can be a powerful
antidote to Communist propaganda, so
why cannot we tell our story in the salve
way the Communists tell theirs? Ralph
Nader spent a lot of time getting the
goods on General Motors, so why cannot
General Motors hire detectives to get
the goods on Ralph Nader? The Gov-
ernor of Florida cannot eliminate crime
with the limited police and special in-
vestigators available to him. So what is
wrong with hiring a good, free enter-
prise corporation to help accomplish a
job that needs doing?
In. my opinion, these are questions
which clearly answer themselves. Lilt.
for the benefit of those ?,vho. I am tare.,
raise them in all sincerity let me cite:
some of the answers.
i rlltin.,g toward a passive acceptance of $23 million a year in business. In 1955 The most important answer which ap??
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 Approved For Release 2004/02/10 : CIA-RDP75-00149R000500420012-1
d
2.04 CONGR~ESSiONNAT RECORD - SENATE 'GUy24a '~ 2 19G7
"VWe cannot conquer communism or free society of our ancestors so valiantly mean to exaggerate. But if the people
crime by adopting Communist or trim- fought to create. of America tolerate the Intrusions of tac
final tactics." Secret slush funds such as the CIA CIA into free domestic instituteo_ s such
Alto, it must be remembered, in every used, wiretapping devices such as Gov- as the National Student Association, if
one of these cases, as I have said, the ernment agencies use, secretly subsid- they tolerate indiscriminate
probable victims are not Communists and ized American books and cloak-and- ping and electronic eavesdroppin T by
criminals, but innocent citizens. The dagger private detective agencies are Government agencies, if they allow their
whole purpose of the U.S. Constitution not subject to the checks and balances taxes to be spent to corrupt euti oes and
and its world-famed Bill of Rights is to so cherished by free American citizens. subsidize what appear to be Ic';Srinatc
protect innocent citizens from arbitrary If you should be one of those who books, if they allow private detective.i
tactics by the agencies of government. think it all right for the CIA to finance to silence those who would criticize our
If a citizen does commit a crime, specifiic the NSA, then what conceivable check society, we will have gone a long; e: ay
constitutional procedures are spelled out would you provide on such activity? toward embracing the police-state psy-
under which the charges must be docu- Would you allow an individual agent to chology which gripped Germany follo-,c-
mented and filed against him and he pass out $400,000 a year to such an as- ing World War I and sowed the seeds of
must have an opportunity to confront sociation in any way he saw fit? Could disaster.
his witnesses and defend himself in a he bestow such funds on his friends It is not enough to say that "it could
court of law. The Constitution specifi- within the organization? Could he use not happen here." These recent de'.elop-
cally forbids that any citizen be deprived them conceivably for immoral purposes? ments have shown that it can-without
of his constitutional rights without due Since we did not know that this was our knowing it. It may be that the last
process of law. being done in the first place, how would several Presidents and a few selected
Wiretaps and microphones hidden be- we know that the amount of money congressional leaders were aware that
hind family portraits or in a martini poured into this sordid scheme was a the National Student Association was a
olive are not a part of what the Consti- wise investment? In other words, what front for our international, secret in-
tution means when it talks of "due proc- kind of budget review could a free so- telligence operation. But most Con:;ress-
ess of law." In fact, these are tactics ciety carry out on this secret operation? men and Senators were unaware of it:
which are used to get around due process. We have already read how CIA money certainly the press was not aware of it
Since the Constitution says you cannot was used to finance a ludicrous book-sell- nor was the public and, therefore, this
make a man testify against himself, gov- ing operation run by a group of high secret intelligence service was in a p si-
ernment and private detective agencies living, naive young businessmen. tion where it could have done ;crave
try to secretly record his conversations Police officers are subjected to strict harm to American democracy 'a whout
with his wif e, his children, his neighbors, rules and regulations. Many of them our even knowing it.
and his business associates to get infor- serve heroically for a lifetime at low pay, It may be that the last few Presidents
mation which they can use against him even in the face of great danger. They and a few key Government oilicials are
and which they cannot obtain in a con- live in a goldfish bowl because society aware that Federal agencies are tap;:in;~
stitutional manner. holds them too high standards of con- telephones, bugging offices and home
Wiretaps and bugs have not yet been duct. What standards do we apply to but Secretary of the Treasury Dillon as-
invented which will record only the con- private detectives and secret agents who sured Senator LONG of Missouri or. July
versations of the guilty. They record are now padding about the country, 13, 1965, that wiretapping was ab~o_utcly
far more conversations of the innocent. financed by taxpayers' dollars, subjected banned by the Internal Revenue Service.
Yet even the most innocent conversation, to none of the rules and regulations ap- To his embarrassment, the Secrctary'a
peaed in the hands of government agen- plied to policemen, with virtually no own counsel informed him that tile IRS
ties or private detectives, can be used budget review as to how they spend the was tapping public telephones in the IRS
to destroy the reputation and the eco- taxpayers' money, free to operate in al- building in Washington. It wca re-
noimic standing of almost any citizen most any way it suits their purpose and vealed later that the Internal Revenue
in this Nation. the purposes of their farflung clients? Service and the Treasury Deparrneni
When the Central Intelligence Agency I think it is worthwhile considering had been conducting a course for a jen,
moved in on the National Student Asso- for a moment what happened in Ger- in the art of electronic snooping.
ciation with its bulging suitcase filled many. The president of General Motors has
with taxpayers' dollars, it was not dam- assured us that he did not know that
After World War I, Germany was a de- iIl;:n
into had every hired aspect of Vincent the Gillen to
aging international communism-it was feated nation suffering from severe eco- his is firm
o
damaging an important American insti- nomic problems and political disunity probe Ralph ry Nader in an obvious aal
tution-a free association of college stu- which bordered on anarchy. The prob- life
tempt to alp silence him. I ant sure wns will
dents. Without the knowledge of most lens of the nation were so great and the soon hear of something done the
the
of the students themselves, the CIA morale of its people was so low that they Corp. of which the Gov r
transformed this free student association put themselves into the hands of a dic- Wackenhut Corp. of which the Covernor
into a Government-operated spy nest and tator who promised to correct the great-
destroyed the value of almost everything est problems. By crusading against what What this shows is that democratic
these idealistic students strove to ac- he described as corrupt and sinister mi- Institutions cannot control police-state
complish over a 15-year period. nority forces-primarily communism and tactics once they are set in motion. If
The only basis for holding our young members of the Jewish faith-he man- secret agents are given millions of do,-
people up as examples to the world is aged to unite much of the nation. By lars to dispense In secret, if investi:lators
the fact that they are free. They are constructing a mighty war machine he are allowed to break into homes and in-
not the paid stooges of the Government managed to put the German factory and stall eavesdropping devices, then the
as many Communist students are. By workers back to work again. So the people given these special, secret powers
infiltrating the National Student Asso- great concerns of the German public ap- become a kind of new government all
ciation with CIA agents and taxpayers' peared to have been niet. Yet he did their own. That is why the secret police
doll rs, we have undermined the most th a; at a terrible cost. He instituted po- in Germany and Russia become to pow-
important thing that our students stood lice-state terrorism. He abolished the erful, once they were allowed ro co
for. The next time our students cite constitutional guarantees such as we things which were outside the law and
their all-important American freedom, have in our Constitution and Bill of forbidden to other agencies. Once they
they will receive smirks from the other Rights. He developed propaganda into acquired these pourers and l,erc,
side of the aisle. an art form. In his case too, the Intel- their secret information, they .me
You cannot adequately judge the evil ligence service, the wiretapping, the law unto themselves.
of any of these practices I have cited if propaganda publications and the cloak Once we embark at-on he > you thin!: of how they affect only Com- and dagger investigations were aimed at lice-state tactics, even. ..L ..e..... ...-
munist.s and criminals. One must con- Communists and criminals-at least as test that we are using these tactic:: cn'y
side- first of all how they affect innocent he defined them. on Communists and crim:nals, we c
Aisie,icon citizens, low they to ?t h t The United States of 1967 is by no a long stop away from democratic sel"_-
A,uerican Ideal, h hWPI 9 ?Ja?rt lease 2004102/r'hO 00143RDP75Q00l RM 500420012-1
 Approved For Release 2004/02/10 : CIA-RDP75-00149R000500420012-1
February 23, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
I think the time has come to call a
halt. I think that the President of the
United States, the Congress, the Federal
agencies, State and local government and
large corporations which carry heavy
public responsibility should all pledge
themselves to abstain from such prac-
tices In the future.
I do think the Congress should inquire
Into this whole sordid business and find
out just how widespread and just how
vicious it has become. I think that kind
of cartharsis would be helpful. But I
am primarily concerned about the fu-
ture. Even if we cannot purge ourselves
of all that has happened before, we
should make a clear, firm promise that
these things will not be done again. If
government and the public does not in-
sist upon such a promise, I fear for the
future of democracy In these United
States.
Wiretapping by Government should
certainly be limited to cases involving
national security.
All private bugging should be outlawed
with stiff penalties.
The CIA's jurisdiction and method of
supervision should be overhauled.
The employees of the CIA are certainly
dedicated American citizens. The orga-
nization has a critical Intelligence gath-
ering function. The national security
must be protected by the effective per-
formance of that function. However,
recent events would seem to clearly in-
dicate that the limits of its role must be
more clearly delineated and Its activities
more carefully supervised.
Wiretapping and electronic eavesdrop-
ping should be used only In the Interest
of national security. This should apply
to subversion and organized crime, under
court authorization with annual review
by Congress,
THE GOVERNMENT'S POLICY IN
VIETNAM-MEMORIAL
Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President, I pre-
sent a memorial signed by 259 students,
teachers, and friends of the Daniel Web-
ster High School, Tulsa, Okla., protest-
ing against the policy of our Government
in Vietnam. I ask unanimous consent
.that the memorial be printed in the REC-
ORD.
There being no objection, the memo-
rial was ordered to be printed in the REC-
ORD, as follows:
To the Honorable RICHARD RUSSELL:
We, the undersigned students, teachers
and friends of Daniel Webster High School,
Tulsa, Oklahoma, do protest the policy of
our government on the following counts:
1. The way in which our government agrees
to a truce policy In which all interested par-
ties do not have to abide by the rules. In
the latest truce the Viet Cong were agreeable
to the terms, but the North Viet forces were
not.
2. We protest our Involvement in future
truce agreements unless a sincere desire
for peace Is evidenced on both sides.
3. We protest any stopping in the bomb-
ing of vital targets and would actually like
to see more important targets hit.
THE 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF FIRST
NATIONAL VOCATIONAL EDUCA-
TION ACT
Mr. FANNIN. Mr. President, today,
February 23, 1967, marks the 50th an-
niversary of the signing of the first Na-
tional Vocational Education Act by
President Woodrow Wilson. Since 1917,
public vocational education has been a
cooperative effort between the Federal
Government and the States, the Federal
Government providing much of the fi-
nancing and the States operating and
controlling their own programs.
Today, only 10 percent of our work
force is employed in occupations that re-
quire a baccalaureate or higher degree;
another 7 percent are employed in jobs
that require no formal education, the so-
called unskilled occupations; and the re-
maining 83 percent are employed In jobs
that require some type of vocational or
technical education. These jobs range
in skill level from simple to highly skilled
and technical, many requiring 1 or 2
years of post-high-school occupational
education.
As parents, we oftentimes equate suc-
cess with a college degree, and for this
reason we are not always objective in
judging our children's abilities or their
occupational outlook. We cannot deny,
however, that the industrial and mili-
tary supremacy that our Nation enjoys
today is due to the high productivity of
each member of our work forme. In
order to maintain this supremacy, we
must realistically appraise our need for
more and better trained workers In the
years ahead. Mechanization, automa-
tion, and data processing have com-
pletely revolutionized the needs of the
labor market, so much so, in fact, that
almost every new job today requires not
only more vocational education but also
more highly specialized vocational edu-
cation than ever before.
It is obvious, therefore, that we must
provide some type of vocational or tech-
nical education for the majority of our
students-that 83 percent-before they
enter the labor force. In contrast to
this large segment of our population that
should be enrolled in vocational or tech-
nical education, nationwide, only 22 per-
cent of the high school population Is en-
rolled in vocational or technical educa-
tion.
One of the newest innovations In
teaching vocational education is the
cooperative method in which students
are enrolled in a full-time curriculum,
yet split their day evenly between aca-
demic classes and part-time work in a
local business establishment. More im-
portant than the wages students earn
is the fact that this is a teaching-learn-
ing situation in their chosen career and
is conducted under the supervision of
their vocational teacher working co-
operatively with the director of the local
training station. This is a valuable
learning activity for students and helps
to prepare them for gainful employment
upon completion of their formal educa-
tion.
It is not easy to put a price tag on an
educational pro[.rfiui, but students en-
rolled In cooperative vocational pro-
grams last year in Arizona earned
$1,796,956, an amount almost equal to
the total Federal allotment for voca-
tional education. Without exaggeration,
the vocational-technical education pro-
gram being conducted In Arizona is one
of the most successful and economical
nationwide, a fact largely due to the ex-
cellent leadership of Mr. J. R. Cullison,
State director, and his dedicated staff.
Although one can justify the voca-
tional programs on the basis of the occu-
pational competency developed through
these programs, I believe that some of
the more enduring benefits derived from
these programs are those developed
through the youth organizations that are
part of the regular vocational programs.
Certainly, no one can deny the good
citizenship and leadership training that
our Future Farmers, our Future Home-
makers, our DECA-distributive educa-
tion-members, and more recently our
VICA-vocational industrial-members
gain from planning and participating in
a youth organization that is meaningful
and challenging to each of them because
it is dedicated to promoting their occu-
pational interest.
On the threshold of a new era in the
history of vocational education, I com-
mend too the work of the teachers and
leaders as well as the students in voca-
tional education and pledge my contin-
ued support to this very worthwhile seg-
ment of our educational program.
THE BOMBING OF NORTH VIETNAM
Mr. HOLLINGS. Mr. President,
among the matters discussed by William
Randolph Hearst, Jr., in his column of
February 19 was one of great interest to
us all-the bombing of North Vietnam.
I believe that the views of this well-
respected, veteran journalist merit con-
sideration. There is in them a logic and
directness that I have found to be largely
missing from the emotion-charged dis-
cussions of this issue.
Mr. Hearst observes the bombing for
what it Is-a military weapon. And he
concludes that it must be pretty effec-
tive to cause Hanoi to demand its cessa-
tion before negotiations can begin.
If-as is popularly charged-America
Is deliberately raiding North Vietnamese
cities, why are they still almost entirely
Intact?
And his main point: stopping bombing
would relieve Ho Chi Minh of some of
his main concern, and we are not there to
help Ho Chi Minh.
I ask unanimous consent that the col-
umn be printed In the RECORD.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the Baltimore News American,
Feb. 19, 19671
U.S. BOMBING HURTS HANOI
(By William Randolph Hearst, Jr.)
The resumption of American bombing of
North Vietnam, and the subsequent howls
of anguish It evoked, is keeping this aspect
of the Vietnam war firmly in place as the
most controversial issue in the news.
For this reason alone, Defense Secretary
Robert McNamara-often pretty controver-
sial himteslf-'has done practically everyone
a favor by clearing the air rega dirt 6.0
bombing and by placing its results in cor-
rect perspective.
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4. Since the trut?e of January 1066, and the
latest so-called truce wera both used by tile
enemy to build up supplies and manpower,
we would like to see a halt to these "farce"
truces which only end in more Americans
getting killed to get the job done.