SIGMUND FREUD WILSON

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP75-00149R000800070031-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 14
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 4, 1999
• Sequence Number: 31
• Publication Date: December 13, 1966
• Content Type: MAGAZINE

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 CPYRGH
evaluate the Freud.-.bu1111'
-
was with him at Versailles to
scholars. LOOK asked a forei
expert who knew Wilson well
psychiatrists, historians a
become a center of dispute am
Even e- e pu ~t
after
Ii .. , I lie years before we decided to Two days later, I again called on r reud, an
I , Il la oorate in writing this volume," a long talk, we agreed to collaborate.
eighth President of the United States-a Psycho- of Wilson's published books and speeches, and all
logical Study. "He was in Berlin for a small opera- the volumes concerning Wilson published by Ray
tion. I calked on him and found him depressed. Stannard Baker, who had been chosen by the Pres-
Somberly. he said that he had not long to live and ident as his biographer and had access to all of
that his death would be unimportant to him or Wilson's private papers. We then read books on
anyone else. ecause he had written everything he' Wilson by Col. Edward M. House, Joseph Tiamulty,
wished to i~ rite and his mind was emptied. William Allen White, James Kerney, Robert Ed-
' Te asked what I was doing, and I told him ward Annin, David Lawrence and many others.
PY' Y`oG'a? vorking on a book about the Treaty of Ver- ,In addition, I read scores of volumes that dealt
sailles that would contain studies of Clemenceau, with aspects of Wilson's career, and Freud read all
Orlando, Lloyd George, Lenin and Woodrow Wit- that I considered worthy of his attention.
1
/ V If. \1 I \D FREUD AND I had been friends a chapter. To accept would be to abandon niy book.
oage 50.
pinions auoear on
son-all of whom I happened to know personally., "Our discussions of this material compelled
"FI r-OIl's eyes brightened, and he became very us to face two facts : First, our study of Wit-on
much alive. lie astonished me by saying he would would fill a large book; second, it would not be
like to collaborate with me in writing the Wilson fair to attempt to write an analysis of Wilson's
chapter. I laughed and remarked that the idea was character unless we could deepen our understand-
delightful but bizarre. My book would interest
specialists in the field of foreign affairs. A study
of Wilson by him might possess the permanent in-
terest of an analysis of Plato by Aristotle. Every
educated man would wish to read it. To bury Freud
on Wilson in a chapter of my book would be to
produce an impossible monstrosity; the part would
be greater than the whole.
"Freud persisted, saying that I might con-
sider his proposal. comic, but it was intended to be
serious. To collaborate with me would compel him
to start writing again. That would give him new
life. Moreover, he was dissatisfied by his studies of
Leonardo da Vinci and of the Moses statue by
Michelangelo because he had been obliged to draw
large conclusions from few facts, and he had long
wished to make a psychological study of a con-
temporary with regard to whom thousands of facts
could be ascertained. He had been interested in
Wilson ever since he had discovered that they were
both born in 1856. He could not do the research
necessary for an analysis of Wilson's character;
but I could do it easily, since I had worked with
Wilson and knew all his close friends and associ-
ates. He hoped I would accept his proposal.
"I replied that I should be delighted to con-
sider it seriously, but felt certain that a psycholog-
ical stud of Wilson could not be corn ressed into
ing of his nature with private, unpublished infor-
mation from his intimates.
"I set out to try to collect that information.
I was helped by many of my friends among Wil-
son's associates, some of whom put at our disposal
their diaries, letters, records and memoranda.
while others talked frankly about him. Thanks to
their assistance, we felt confident that, although
subsequent publication of private papers would
amplify and deepen knowledge of Wilson's char-
acter, no new facts would come to light that would
conflict vitally with the facts upon which we had
based our study. Without exception, those who
gave us this information did. so on the understand-
ing that their names would not be revealed.
"From these private documents and conversa-
tions, I compiled notes that ran to more than 1,500
typewritten pages. When I returned to Vienna,
Freud read the notes, and we discu3sed thoroughly
the facts they contained. We then began to write.
Freud wrote the first draft of portions of the manu-
script, and I wrote the first draft of other portions.
Each then criticized, amended or rewrote the
other's draft until the whole became an amalgam
for which we were both responsible. To burden our
book with 1,500 pages of notes seemed outa ageous.
We decided to eliminate all notes except a few that
gave data with regard to Wilson's childhood and
"THOMAS WOODROW WILSON: TWENTY-EIGHTH PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATER-A PSYCHOLOGICAL
STUDY" BY SIGMUND FREl'O AND WILLIAM C. BULLITT. TO BE PUBLISHED BY HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY.
LiEG 15
ana ppMu air ease5:L -
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CPYRGHT
stubborn, and in the s- 611132',- Nben our
manuscript was ready to~ 'i d in its l ial form,
Freud made textual cha number
of new passages to whit After several
arguments, we decided t ~1h for three
weeks, and to attempt t e, kvhC"I we met,
again, we continued to ee
Y1 i Qilc I f us was
"I suggested that, s
entirely impervious to that
e, the book
someday we would agr ? y~i
should not be publish
it at Iea a signed
should sign each chapter,
unpublishable manuscript
N-" did
cc1,5t so.
lazy permit-
years passed.
thr. rail-
ted Freud to leave Vie
road station in Paris, merican
ambassador, and sugge t di=cuss
= rui,
our book once more aft London.
"I carried the ma and was
t
delighted when he agr to
e1 natethe addi-
W4 _
tions he had written at t we were
1A
both happy that we fou
agreeing
0
on certain changes in t PXt?
"Once more, I vi ~14t g don and
showed him the final both ac.
cepted. We then agree __ ix9perourteous
~(;1prpm publis
second Mrs. Woodrow
The 1,500 pages c
covered Wilson's life
that Bullitt prepared f
following brief highlig
"In the manse of I
Staunton,, Va., on Dect
born to the Rev. Josep
named Thomas Woodr
"The father was t
cared more for the exl
for its substance. He st
dictionary and used
splendor to commonpl#
"In physique, To
Jessie Woodrow Wilsal
weak, and his eyes v,.
Moreover, in his chill
from the indigestion t1i
"His passionate lp
.1 I were
red_by Bullitt
i w Jlte digest
PLvolume, the
alt ~-.
a son was
ea, Witspn, and was
v n man who
14 ,
j fought than
1 words in the
ea_hi-, mother
sallow and
tbin
,
U
a ,y , deficient.
gan to suffer
ti, all his life.
leer was the core
of his emotional life. `The letters between the two
can be called nothing but love letters,' wrote Roy
Stannard Baker, who had them all. `My precious
son,' `My beloved father,' `Darling boy,' they
wrote to each other. They invariably kissed emo-
tionally when they met. The son quoted his father
endlessly, and told stories about him until those
who were frequently with the son became bored
by his accounts of his father's trite sayings and in-
significant acts. The minister was the great man of
the Presbyterian upper middle class to which the
Wilsons belonged. Five times a day, the father
prayed to God while his family listened. On Sun-
day, he stood in the pulpit and laid down the haw
of God. After the family moved to Augusta, G:a.,
young Tommy sat in the fourth pew and gazed up
into the face of his `incomparable father' with rapt
intensity, his sharp nose and chin poked forward,
his weak eyes straining upward through his spec-
tacles. So completely did he take into his heart flee
teachings of his father that for the remainder ;af
his life, he never allowed himself to entertain l e-
ligious doubt for an instant.
"The father liked to handle the child physical-
ly, to embrace him, to chase him and catch him in
a great hug. Early, the father became convinced
that his son would be a great man, and he did not
conceal this belief from Tommy or from anyone
else. In spite of his meager income, he kept his son
in absolute economic dependence on him for 29
years. And Tommy was content to be so kept.
"Tommy Wilson never had a fistfight in his
life. His mother did her utmost to protect her little
boy from rough impacts. `I remember how I clung
to her (a laughed-at "mama's boy") till I was a
great big fellow,' he wrote in 1888. He liked to
play with well-brought-up girls rather than boys.
"hIis brother Joseph Ruggles Wilson, Jr., was
not born until Tommy was ten years old. He never
had much use for that brother, and Joseph revolted
against the dominance of his father and his elder
brother. When Tommy was President, it was sug-
gested to him by some senators who wished to
please him that his brother Joseph should be made
secretary to the Senate. The President refused to
allow his little brother to have the position.
"At 13, Tommy set foot in school for the first
time-and did considerably worse than the average
boy. He always did badly in studies unless they
were connected with speech. The love of speech
showed itself even in his first contact w .h boys'
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QEC 13 1966 t`, .)l^ i
 4 CPYRGHT
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sports. Some boys formed a baseball club called
the `Lightfoot.' Although Tommy played baseball .
badly, he was elected president. Later, he told Wil-
liam Bayard Hale that `The Ligbtfoots held meet-
ings characterized by much nicety of parliamen-
tary procedure. Every one of the little chaps knew
perfectly well just what the previous question was
and that only two amendments to a resolution
could be offered which would be voted upon in
reverse order.'
"At 14, Tommy left Augusta for Columbia,
S.C., where he made the first of several intense
friendships, with a deeply religious young man
named Francis J. Brooke. Brooke, who was a few
years older than Tommy, held religious meetings in
his room and later in a stable. Tommy loved
Brooke deeply. When he visited Columbia as Presi-
dent of the United States, he stood before the door-
way of the stable and said: `I feel as though I
ought to take off my shoes. This is holy ground.'
"His father and mother expected him to be-
come a Presbyterian minister, but his admiration
for the `Christian Statesman,' British Prime Min-
ister William E. Gladstone, somehow crept between
him and the ministry. His concept of a statesman
always remained the picture of a minister laying
down the law of God to his flock.
"Wilson entered Princeton in 1875, badly pre-
pared, but determined to make himself the leader
that his God expected him to be. During his second
year there, he happened to read a magazine article
-Orator, and wrote to his father that
Z at last that he had a mind. He walked
in the woods at Princeton and delivered Burke's
orations to the trees. During his holidays, he
mounted the pulpit of his father's church on week-
days and delivered great orations to an imaginary
congregation.
"In 1879, Wilson entered the Law School of
the University of Virginia and at once found him-
self `most terribly bored by the noble study of
law.' He left the university without a degree and
crept back to the shelter of his father's manse in
Wilmington, N.C., suffering from sick headaches,
sour stomach and intense nervousness. He became
profoundly discouraged. `How can a man with a
weak body ever arrive anywhere?' be asked. He
studied law at home, walked with his father and
mother, tutored his little brother Joseph in Latin
and was acutely unhappy.
"The only ray of light in his life was his cor-,
respondence wi
When he was
Ohio, and prop
cisively, she ref
practicing in A
Now 26, he had
walls of a mans
fore abandonin
son, daughter o
and she was acti
small children.
his own mother
marry him.' S
became engage
ing, he went to
"In Ellen
emotional secu
mother. `I am t
once told a frie
somewhat the
hatreds. `... yo
-except the de
not have to act
deal out confid
only person in
-to whom I ca
wrote her while
"At Johns
M
an rest him,' she
ise advice aat the
e and mitigated
prejudices and
e 'son in the .world
and you are the
qut any exception
art contains,' he
0 Qw Wilson w: ote a
n Te _ton_al Government.
u? by train from
t' s Hopkins often
ernment at work.
TlQlt in his boot: that
tt~;iy from personal
look at the Con-
ngressionai Gov-
`_ Fishers, he was in
down with the
enstic. No sue-
---?e a moment.
isn't pleasant or
Pips.... I have the
k s w carrying a vol-
i he kept insisting
i - >ng passions.' But
ea most Certainly sexually
'Used him. Again
small book ca
Washington w a
Baltimore, and
went there to se
Wilson. produce
he knew the C
contact; but not
gress he was des
ernment was ac
ecstasy; but wi
cess satisfied hi
"He wrote
convenient to h
uncomfortable
on his `intensit
at the age of 28
inexperienced.
and again, he r
h,r Kraal I am not a star
There are others more handsome by far..
But my face I don't mind it,
For I am behind it,
It's the people in front that I jar.
"He wore a sterilized, disinfected expression.
yet he could suddenly confront a person or a cam-
era with a momentary expression of almost lover-
like understanding and affection. He always ad-
dressed. audiences with this turned-on, intimate
warmth. He wrote in 1884:'l have a sense of power
in dealing with men collectively which I do not
always feel in dealing with them singly. , .. One
feel no sacrifice of pride necessary in co ti the
Q G
rriet Woodrow.
jr in Chillicothe,
Promptly anal de-
&_Ikar in 1882, began
ver had a client.
de the shelt,!ring
e .7 university. Ju-,t be-
-e WEllen Louise Ax-
ranother was 'lead,
U the minister's three
tic it. ttion was that of
} had asked her to
Mat embled Wilson's
tuber, 1883, they
R. r ow to earn a liv-
pkins.
9 Wilson found an
s the love of his
vii
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6 to make in seeking to please one man.' " ?A~r?-
DEC
 A PSYCHOLOGICAL ST D
xVeNelleas_e, CIA RDP75-00149R000800070031G$'YRGHT
ODR
OW WILSON
BY SIGMUND FREUD AND WILLIAM C. BULLITT
Th:imas Woodrow Wilson remains, even to
his biographers and intimates, an enigma. We
cannot hope to comprehend the decisive events of
his psychic life in all their details. All the facts
we should like to know could be discovered only
.if he were alive and would submit to psycho-
analysis. This work is a psychological study based
upon such material as is now available, nothing
more. On the other hand, to the facts we know
about him, we shall add the facts that psyclio.
analysis has found to be true with regard to all
human beings.
We shall employ certain theorems that psy-
choanalysis has developed: In the psychic life of
man, a force is active that we call libido-the en-
ergy of the Eros. It "charges" certain parts of our
psychic apparatus, as an electric current charges
a storage battery or accumulator. It is continually
fed and renewed by physical generators.
The libido first stores itself in love of self:
Fast iasisnt, lormall%-, a part of thr lihitlo is di-
rested towaril object outside the self: object-log e.
Our second theorem declares: Every individ-
ual, whether man or woman, is composed of ele-
ments of masculinity and femininity. We consider
feminine those desires characterized by passivity,
o
i oo we call the Super-Ego. A Super-Ego N91 t'
Sanitized - Approved For ReIe: U
~~.., ......oc rr ca .Iuamua tulu lau!LS nave neell Ueme(t. not be obliged to
This almighty, omniscient, all-virtuous father Thus Wilson
f 11111111, d
peace wou ( It
as he ariually is. lull a father tthose powers anti there being no g
l'utut'ti. tt:.v.~ nn.i.+.?. r...... ..., ..~..........1__..._... ___. ... b b
no
nc
u
e
with whom the little boy identifies is not the father a 11
himself as if by an act of cannibalism. The father
above all, the need to be loved and the inclination
to submit to others. We call masculine those desires
characterized by activity, like the desire to love,
the-wish io achieve power over other men and to
control t,r alter the outer world.
PYRGHJdo of the child first discharges itself
through passive relationships with the mother and
father. Then the child wishes to become active to-
ward the parents, to caress them, command them
and avenge himself upon them.
Our third axiom: In the psychic life of man.
two chief instincts are active: the Eros and the
Death Instinct-an impulse to attack and destroy.
The libido of the child charges five accumula-
tors: Narcissism, passivity to the mother, passivity
to the father, activity toward the mother and ac-
tivity toward the father. But when the child wishes
to express fully his activity toward his mother, he
finds his father in the way. He then wishes to sweep
his father out of his way, but the charge of libido
stored in passivity to his father makes him desire
to submit to his father, even to the point of wish-
ing to become a woman, his own mother, whose
position with respect to his father he desire., to
occupy. The child is in the conflict that we call the
Oedipus complex.
One method of escape is employed by all
males: identification with the father. The boy re-
moves his father by incorporating his father in
whose ideals are grandiose demands the impose
sible. A Super-Ego of this sort produces a few great
men, many psychotics and many neurotics.
When direct satisfaction of the libido is im-
possible, the Ego employs three mechanisms: Re.
pression, Identification and Sublimation. By re-
pression, the existence of the instinctive desire that
demands satisfaction is denied. Identification seeks
to satisfy the instinctive desire by transforming the
Ego itself into the desired object. Sublimation is
the method of giving the instinctive desire a partial
satisfaction by substituting for its unattainable
o iii object a related ob} t r -approved by
the Super-Ego or by
The man whoe father can
find no direct disc a ix lp himself by
a double identifica lttify himself
with his father anc nian whom lie
will identify with Y will give the
younger man the s is unsatisfied
passivity makes hi ather.
Tommy Wilso
MOM tivity toward
his father was rep 1 is the least
effective of all the iciliation ein-
ployed by the Ego l sed desire is
Cdt off from consc' the moderat-
ing influence of re uring his life,
his hostility broke substitutes.
[After retrac
a young lawyer w
fessor, president
Jersey and Presi
Freud and Ambass
his actions in the
many. The folio
When Wilson-
Edward M. House
negotiations with;
France, England
stice on the basis,"
had proclaimed. C
George. and the
Sonnino, appeare
pledge to accept t
Wilson supl
fed it 111y solemn
a peace which do
Seas, because w
Neither could I
does
t i
l
d
r as a student,
d States, Dr..
Study in detail
defeat of Ger-
d adviser, Col.
the Armistice
assumed that
'oints Wilson
Minister, Baron
away from their
Ouse threatened
cablegram : "1
you to say that
reedom of the
mil ,nt everywhere.
}atea settlement which
is because such
iod of years in
niversal arma-
I hope I shall
n public."
with the Allies
9o 0OU 070031
1319 or Ccnimwd
DEC
 LTRAPimauft leaders of thle or s permmi ble In at] Nd t~a~ d p tli`~d~p ~ 003
to remake the world with a personal staff consist-
ing of his physician and two stenographers.
He took also the professors of House's In-
quiry, who had read many books but were un-
felt sure of his power to overcome any possible
senatorial opposition.
He refused to take with him any personal
secretary. His mixed feelings with regard to Joe
Tumulty, which had their root in the mingled emo-
tions his baby brother Joe Wilson had aroused,
produced this extraordinary phenomenon. He dis-
trusted Tumulty so much that he would not take
him to the Peace Conference, but he loved'Tumulty
so much that he could not bear to hurt Tumulty's
feelings by taking another secretary. He set out
diplomatic nego Caj h_ave shown more He had not bothered personally about the organs
clearly his deter V. t mor the Peace he zation of the American delegation, and when h.
had promised to the world or the strength of his discovered on the George Washington that the sec
desire to be the just judge of mankind. His identifi. retary and assistant secretaries of the American
cation with the Trinity was in full control of him. delegation, selected by Secretary of State Robert
On November 14, 1918, he cabled House with Lansing, were men for whom he had personal con-
regard to the Peace Conference: "I assume also tempt, he was furious. On arriving in Paris on
that I shall be selected to preside." House replied December_14,_ 1918. he midAo House that he iv.
that since the Peace Conference was to be held in .. tended to dismiss these secretaries and select
France, diplomatic usage made it necessary that 'others. House persuaded him not to take this dras
Clemenceau should preside and that it might be tic action. Then, in so far as possible, Wilsor
unwise for Wilson to sit in the Peace Conference. avoided any contact with Lansing and the secre
Wilson cabled on November 16, 1918: "It upsets Lariat of the American delegation, thus cuttin,r
every plan we had made. I am thrown into com- himself off from such assistance as his diplomatic
plete confusion by the change of programme.... service might have been able to give him.
I infer the French and British leaders d"sire to House urged him to take a personal secretary
exclude me from the Conference for fear I might at once. Wilson refused, saying, "It would break
there lead the weaker nations against there.....[ Tumulty's heart." House then offered Wilson the
object very strongly to the fact that dignity must services of his own staff, the head of which was
prevent our obtaining the results we have set our House's son-in-law, whom Wilson disliked. House'i
hearts to. . . ." secretariat was in the Hotel Crillon; Wilson was
To lay down the law of God to the nations in residence in the Murat Palace, half a mile away.
offered such a magnificent outlet for all Wilson's The result was that, while Wilson referred many
deepest desires that the mere suggestion that it matters to House during the Conference, he never
might be wiser for him not to participate threw employed House's secretariat as his own and per-
him into "complete. confusion." He wished to sonally did his own work without any secretar).
judge the world in person, in real presence, with He sat in the Murat Palace with his wife, his doctor
undelegated authority, from the throne. and two stenographers, attending personally t
Contemplating the task before him, Wilson thousands of unimportant matters that should
MIG rTcretary: "Well, Tumulty, this trip will never have been allowed to occupy his attention
either be the greatest success or the supremest or his scant supply of physical strength. The cozi-
tragedy in all history; but I believe in a Divine fusion in his papers and his mind became appallin;1,.
Providence. If I did not have faith, I should go Nevertheless, he believed during his first
crazy. If I thought that the direction of the affairs ; weeks in Europe that he was about to give the
of this disordered world depended upon our finite world the perfect peace he had promised. He wrs
intelligence, I should not know how to reason my received by all the peoples of Europe as a savior.
way to sanity; but it is my faith that no body of To the adulation of France and England was added
men, however they concert their power or their in- the adoration of Italy, where peasants were burri-
fluence, can defeat this great world enterprise, ing candles in front of his picture, and the despet-
which, after all, is the enterprise of Divine! mercy, ate faith of Germany.
peace. and goodwill." He went to Paris as the Wilson spent three happy weeks showing hire-
delegate of God. self to adoring European's, and his confidence in
In spite of the fact that the Republicans had himself and his mission increased. In Buckingham
gained a majority in the Senate at the November, Palace, he made an address in which he referred
1918, election and that the treaty he was about to, regally to the citizens of the United States as "my
negotiate would require ratification by a two-thirds people." In Milan, the screaming worship of the
majority of the Senate, he refused the proposals of crowd passed into delirium. It is not remarkable
the Republicans that he should obtain their coop- that he returned from his travels convinced that
eration by taking with him two outstanding leaders the peoples of Europe would rise and follow him
of the Republican party. As the agent of God, he even against their own governments.
E RETURNED to Paris on January 7,
1919, eager to get to work. But no
program had been agreed upon.
Wilson personally had rejected the
logical French program because it
made the League of Nations the last question to be
considered by the Conference; and he wished the
League of Nations to be established before the
peace terms were discussed. He insisted on giving
the guarantee of the United States for the pea+:e
before agreement on any term of the peace. He ux-
plained his preference for this procedure to House
on December 14, 1918, saying that he intended
"making the League of Nations the centre of the
trained in international negotiation. To these pro- whole programme and letting everything revolve
fessor (1 up t t z~ A q~r~p y~
fight f,s ~ ~C li gG a'n'fee7 pcf#pfrgiiEagg (e / -kUP / J-Vdl 4Jt'(6Wgouoeu /L,~UO3
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CPYRGHT
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ncr.1q- tog
 allg>f~~tlus/" ~~'t~.~@ 5~~
-s Rb-
UL P" U07M,
ty' guaranteeing'tRe peace-terms before Re peace whether you wa c
ce n :goti-
knew that they were fair and satisfactory and At some time be
ought to be perpetuated, he risked the possibility ations and his arrival that to fight
that at the end of the Conference, he would find for the peace he want masculine
- nit , not
that he had pledged the United States to maintain weapons but with the ni
Allied na-
terms that were unfair and ought not to be perpet- with force but with p ff ua ted, and had thereby made certain the involve- tions were living on
8 edits from
' ltf Qnomic and
ment of the American people in the future wars America. But to use t
t Ijecise
that might be expected to arise from unfair settle- financial wepons inv 1y the
ments. Moreover, by guaranteeing the peace in ad- sort he had never mad
vance, he handed to the statesmen of the Allies one son, unless compelled
of his strongest diplomatic cards. The ultimate against his passivity t .
hope of Lloyd George, Clemenceau and Vittorio He had never da x1affight in his
Orlando was to obtain the guarantee of the United life. All his fighting h eis mouth.
States for the annexations they expected to make. When he had sent hi House, he
On January 7, 1919, when House pointed out to had been in the White the field of
el, he could
Clemenceau, who was rea tcE-ept a League but battle. Isolated in that
le, 4W
w3ip he, personally
was skeptical as to its vain t tat he 6,41 get the thunder like JehovaltJ_
}idgpdaries of France gl an1ceed'y tie United approached battle, the:t un leir1yin femisrinity
States by way of a Leag ~tk >"~gruenceau of his nature be an to an he discov-
became the advocate of League ered that he dianot=Allies with
(Tjf Wilson force. He wanted to c 4 I3~hteol+anPQq
than either the British or v~y
*4 L
had stuck to the point of vfArthat hjIepeatedly by paraphrases of the Sermon r the Mount. As a
expressed, that a true e, In people statesm an in Paris, he was the true son of the Rev.
could in honor ask thea e peace Joseph Ruggles Wilson, overwhelmed by his pas-
only "if the final terr - 4gree f.nls of the sivity to his father.
Peace Conference are :,apd ~.tory and He felt himself about to draw up a constitution
ouglet to be perpetuate e wisthe leaders for a debating club to he called the League of Na-
of the Allies to obtain t IUnited Lions, and pictured himself taking the floor in a
States would have been, favor of brot.- ly assembly at the Peace Conferen"?.e to
Pr( r. But with th c United "le;i the weaker nations" against the stronger
Ste et 's given in advanc fI It to insist on powers. The professors of the Inquiry would tell
their extreme terms. W loan ld~t makinghim what was right, and in debate, he would fight
safety antedate thpa e_te states- for it. He would overcome by his words all nppo-
men assembled in ParisA security sition and lead the world to lasting peace and him-
and brotherhood that to treat soli to immortality. Unfortunately, his belief that,
all nations in the spion the once th League was a fait accompli, nearly till the
Mount, and that "all tdifficulties serious difficulties would disappear had no basis
would disappear." yetof Lloyd, it reality, but only a source in his unconscious.
George, Clemenceau an doubtful The statesmen assembled in Paris soon carne to
that we must suspect th e=on was actrealize that the League had become to Wilton a
ing again in the service, hga1tcI that his sacred thing, a part of himself, his title to im-
were in his mortality, his law; that he could not bring
real motives himself
On July 21, 6ol written to to withdraw his guarantee of the peace no matter
House, "England and e a otthe same what terms they demanded; and that they could
ffftq t eJia. e by any' themselves use the League as a weapon a,rainst
views with regard to
means. When the warC orce them him by telling him that he would lose the L= ague
to our way of thinkir time they unless he accePted their terms.
will, among other tht 6 n ia~y in our
hands...." The war w flies were ILSON, HAVING convinces him-
> ~f Na-
financially in his hands c n e at the time self that once the League
of the Armistice negoti YJt seem cer-
tions was established all shadwould disappear in a sun
tain that when he reac w uld say to ows
ise of Christian love, faced
Lloyd George, Clemen alo: Gentle- r
ilitary, economic and territorial problems of the
men, I have come here es the basis m
of my Fourteen Poiu on er basis.
spirit of the ary
Those points must be i e' re e
DI A
Conference by turning his back to them. On Janu24, 1919, he was compelled to face inn unlity. Lloyd George said that lee opd the return to Germany of any of her coloies. Point Five of Wilson's Fourteen Points, wh ich
most impartial justice; you atteiipt to break pleasant rea
your word and evade our atiQ is order the p ose
Armistice a reement itions ~r
,;uarantee
bind the pe ple of the ttQ ,
the British Empire had accepted read: "A freeopen-minded, and absolutely impartial adjustmen
the peace you make ai :future wars an evil pe>i will with- o
f all colonial claims, based upon a strict c>bservf the principle that in determining alt such
draw from the Confere ,p~t enounce you arrce o
as the enemies of pedt ~p but off the q
uestions of sovereignty the interests of the popuequitabl a
g Ii1t Q '~ em in the
financial and economfc United latioDs concerned must have equal weight with thi
-n Lo e claims of the government whose title i
States that alone is en to c, make a
DEG 1 3 1966
CPYRGF
1-4
6:'e ?- tAf" .
t
s
 in c~~it2t-~9bi9t'ci9is F~11E3e ; etRt ~~6i119~(9?f)31-
for the whole world. He concluded his speech, ! America that her husband's thoughts and actions
all ware agreed to oppose the restoration of the own "incomparable father," and in the person of
German i:olonies." House, to receive from himself the love he wanted
Thus, there was no battle. With this sentence, and could no longer get from his own father.
Germany lost her colonies, and Wilson began his He had another important outlet or this
march down to the Treaty of Versailles. desire-his unconscious identification with Jesus
Lloyd George, emboldened by Wilson's fail- Christ; but a younger, smaller man to love was
urc to fight, then made a more audacious advance. essential to his happiness.
"He would like the Conference to treat the terri- . In 1916, when Wilson believed that House
tories as part of the Dominions which had cap- had prepared the way of the Lord and made his
tured them." This was too much for Wilson. He path straight, his love for the Colonel was intense.
had made the great concession that the colonies House had promised Wilson that he couid play
should be taken away from Germany ; but he could "the noblest part that has ever come to a son of
not bring himself to concede that they had already man," that he could save mankind. House was re-
been annexed by the British Empire. He insisted sponsible for both his hope and his disappoint-
that a moral veil called mandate should be drawn ment. He began to find House irritating and fell
over the face of each annexation. into an extraordinarily bad temper with everyone
This was the only concrete problem of the on earth except his wife.
peace terms that Wilson faced before his return to Once before, in his unconscious, Wilson had
America on February 15, 1919. He conceded the regarded himself as the Only Begotten Son of God
main point without question, and he refused to and had been disappointed. His brother Joe had
oncede a point of minor importance because he burst into the world and destroyed his unique po-
felt that annexation could not be reconciled with sition. The substitution of House for the original
words he had used in his speeches and might en- disappointer and betrayer was doubtless the origi-
donger the League of Nations. nal factor in the eventual destruction of Wilson's
Just before his departure, he read to a plenary love for House.
session of the Peace Conference the Covenant of Wilson was encouraged to diminish the in-
the,Leaaue- of Nations. He was a very happy man. tensity of his love for House by the quiet influence
He was sure that the Covenant meant lasting peace of his wife. She resented the growing belief in
Brotherhood of Man. At th of the Supreme War
.gfUkg
ship. He believed that the mere existence of the ica, to wo J1W,,representatives of the
piece of paper he held in his hands established the Allies the ` ,ateliminary peace.
it, and this is our covenant of fraternity and friend. in the Cou y tag his absence in Amer-
saying, `We are brothers and have a common pur- Hous :ofnt, was as self-effacing
pose. We did not realize before, but we do realize as ever, a XIWAbirn to take his place
is cleared away. Men are looking eye to eye and make him u t, w eat man of America.
that were suspicious of one another can now live trolled Wil Wilson began to be-
as friends and comrades in a single family, and . lieve that his subordinates to
desire to do so. The miasma of distrust, of intrigue talk dispar tt a utter husband in order to
ever was before of the majesty of right. People and sprea -on that House con-
- MINN,
rrpi'ible things have come out of this war, originated in the brain of House.
gentlemen, but some very beautiful things have ' House's son-in-law, unfortunately, was in the
come out of it. Wrong has been defeated, but the habit of talking about Wilson in a most disparag-
rest of the world has been more conscious than it ing manne jred j ,i?t as "Little Woody"
On the evening of Wilson's departure, House Council o
recorded in his diary: "The President bade me a supported
fervent good-bye, clasping my hand and placing and milita
his arm around me.... He looked happy, as well, as soon a
indeed, he should." That was the last time Wilson Clemencea,Jej
ever placed his arm around House.
Floods of words have been devoted to expla-
nations of the death of Wilson's love for House.
On the one hand, the second Mrs. Wilson is depicted
as a sort of female demon who destroyed a beauti-
ful friendship; on the other hand, House is depicted
as a Judas who conspired to cut the League of Na-
tions out of the treaty of peace while Wilson was in
America. The explanations that lie between these
extremes usually conclude feebly that the matter
,is a tragic mystery. Examination of the facts con-
vinces us, however, that Mrs. Wilson was no fe.
male demon, that House was no Judas and that the
matter is no mystery.
Wilson's dependence on House's advice was
enormous, and he was at least partially conscious
of the benefits he received from House's services;
Wilson an
be overco
armed for
ternal ord
Clem
France in
-whether
make peat
cal, econoi
prepared
"preliminary"-would
fined to include politi-
terms, said that he was
t proposal; "before do-
ing so, ho
oration on
but the foundation of Wilson's love for House was ; would not
the fact that in his unconscious, House represented tanse~ t t
littSSal3 tiZ@dsed4)E~pil~rVednFMR9Lease : l`t-'F -nI
Q8000.031 -6
CPYRGHT
jke more precise infor-
Though the report of
'fie received in a short time- he
1919, Wilson strongly
sal that "the final naval
":could be drawit up
njpiposed on Germany.
that the strictly military
e political, economic
eau's objection could
rn,any's armed forces
imit: "the amount of
errnany to maintain in-
n Bolshevism."
see the advantage to
ut apparently aware, as
.1 j" l that a treaty of peace
 CPYRGHT
tm an u
would, th
thought th
ple ... hem
technical
internatio
peace,"
whether 1
and must
the Unite
to House
this treaty
harderth
not used
George
nervous
be judged,
the preli
ent. In techmc1T- trat-
ue~ c-borrow
n liar been adopted in princi-
.17re it to his colleagues to
ramme drafted by the
Xhree distinct states of
`#Ttnistice," "preliminary
ease. _ And it is obvious that
t that a treaty of peace,
... ?.,..iovaa, vas i,a. aii.u i`is, wits ueiei-
e Senate in order to bind mined to use these masculine weapons rather than
ruary 11,, he specified sub nit to an evil peace is certain. But there are
_ at should be included in nii,;,y sorts or determination- and only on,, variet
y
d
assn
r a s
Qs week in Paris, be had worked str, neth from some great flow of libido, like Wil-
~sf
t e, i'orked in his life. He was ,son'? i':terrnination when facing Lodge. Iletermi-
When ho boarded the nanui 'hat -prings from the
eo is as
p
S.- -mob rhton, LL e was close to physical and p(,%+ mess as the determination of the habitual
adss end is mental condition may drunkard to abandon drink. From all Wilson's
The 1
ton began, 11,
had said,
Woody's
Wilson w
not treat
tp the George Washing-
leasant stories about his
aYeraLwill begin to improve."
At the same time, Wilson accepted with en-
-6
suggsfion fh e s oulu sfetttle?the ter ?~ peace
in secret conversations with Lloyd George, Cle-
menceau and Orlando, in spite of his advocacy
of "open covenants of peace, openly arrived at."
The t'resident met the English and French leaders,
determined to convert them to righteousness or, if
they would not be converted, to wield the weapons
of Jehovah, to withdraw the financial support of
the United States, to leave the Conference and to
denounce them as the enemies of mankind.
eie.rr that his determination to fight, undet certain
circumstanc's, sprang from his reluctance to be-
t , ay the promises he had made to the peoples of
the world, that is to say, from his Super-Ego, and
from his inability to admit that he was not the
Savior of the World, that is to say, from his need
to identify himself with Jesus Christ in (,rd-- to
ith7ffie contempt it deserved. preserve that outlet for his passivity tb hi. father.
cut close to the truth. But passivity to the father may also find deep
i4 pce gathered by his owil ;'satisfaction in Complete submission to a mnsenlinp
rwgi .-- '- ' 'a..a ? ?.. a rr sauna rr ugvta alau
st or inate friend, the perfect :identified himself had saved the world by c+nnplete
terhaps House behind his] only to discover some rationalization that would
DEC 131966
r~-~???~ --?? -++111 -.+ vv..arsa vaaaaori aaau it acai,aiii Iii
recalled t R &;,qld him that he planned his own belief the Savior of the World.
to "button up everything during the next four Rarely in human history has the future course
weeks," and he perhaps remembered that House of world events depended so greatly on one human
had advised him not to come to Europe at all. For being as t depended on Wilson in the month that
the first time, House began to resemble little Joe followed nip return to Paris. He began to battle
Wilson, the deceiver, rival and betrayer, more than for the peace he had promised mankind by making
little Tommy ".'ilson. the most extraordinary concession lie h.id ever
Shot tly iter Wilson reached the United made. "In a moment of enthusiasm," he had agreed
State, I henry Cabot Lodge announced that 37 sen- to make a treaty of alliance guaranteeing that the
ators had pledged to vote against ratification of United States would immediately go to war on the
the Covenant of the League of Nations. Wilson re- side of France in case France was attacked by Ger-
plied, "When that treaty comes back, gentlemen many. He did this in a desperate desire to 4:onduct
on this side will find the Covenant not only in it, the peace negotiations in an atmosphere of Chris-
but so many threads of the treaty tied to the Cove- tian love and to avoid having to use the vreapons
nant that you cannot dissect the Covenant from of Jehovah. He forgot entirely the deep feeling of
h
i
h
t
e treaty w
t
out destroying the whole vital strut- . the American people and the Senate against "en-
"
B
i
i
h
L
d
ture.
y entw
n
ng t
e
eague an
the treaty, he
hoped to make Lodge hated as the opponent of a
speedy return to peace and to compel Lodge to ac-
cept the League. But he overlooked the fact that
House, log ally carrying out his orders, was work-
ing hard in Paris-to get ready a treaty that would
reduce Wilson's threat to wind.
g,
g
V"lien he returned to Europe on March 14, pronouncement, in which lie treated the prelimi-
House horrified him by making a casual remark nary treaty he had ordered as if it were the product
about the preliminary treaty that did not include of an "intrigue" against him. He did not mention
the League of Nations. Wilson did not recall that . the real cause of his opposition to the preliminary
he had overlooked the League when he had or- treaty. He did not say that it would unquestionably
dered House to prepare a preliminary treaty. He have been ratified and that the weapon by which he
felt that House had robbed him of his weapon hoped to force Lodge to swallow the Leagur would
against Lodge. House had tried to rob him of his have been stricken from his hands
.
t e to irtruurr alit t House col be o ye else
t ~ i lrih&pprovec or .eYease eat ns divorce o" o -6
tangling alliances" and his own conviction that
alliances with European powers were contrary to
the interests of the American people. His oiler was
the gesture of a woman who says: "I submit utterly
to your wishes, now be kind to me. Respon:I to my
submission by an equal concession."
The next mornin
Wilson issued an amazin
t?rytt'~'fit~tttt~d
 DEC
was beginning to characterize Wilson's inentaI life. return to Was
TT
whiTi"few''fra`velers reefurn, tie landff inwhchHe shra
friends betray and ihihlhi
n wc an asyum car may wielding his
brought Clem
nienceau and Lloyd George daily, alone, to heel. But t
in secret conference; and, in the words drawal would
of Mr. Baker, "set his teeth and' war in Europ
struggled manfully by sheer logic dictate in the
and appeal to higher motives to move Clemenceau he faced; lie
from his position, to convince him that these ntili- duce a revol,
tary devices would never secure to France what whole contine
she really wanted and that there were better-not shevism. Ile
only more, just but more practical-ways of secut?- more deeply t
in- the future of France" Thr i bd
.eesut one wor And worst of
in the above description that seems somewhat in- without him
.
accurate: The word "manfully" should perhaps to immortality
read "femininely"
. On April
It is difficult to admire the strategy and tac- menceau and
tics employed by the President of the United States actually agre
in his struggle to achieve the peace he had prom- pledges, he
ised to the world; but it is impossible not to sympa- on their maki
to his belief that his Almighty Father had sent him opinion of the'
:,
to give the world a just and lasting peace, wasted that he would
his ebbing strength in exhortation addd h hdb
sresse to onsea pu Clemenceau and Lloyd Ge nrrl-_- _t.__ ? . .
--l mouth. On ur
human decency, but he stood where it is an honor Grayson, at th
-- ------ --- ------~ Dula on the So
ntimacy with the only close friend he had. His which was toy
teed for an intimate who believed in his mission "one-track mir
as intense. Wilson turned to emotional George D. said that lie h
Ierron wh hdittf hi lik
,oa wren oseness to Christ. to handle an
By the evening of March 27, it was obvious peace in and
hat unless he was ready to accept the terms of Lenin It
Loyd George and Clemenceau, he would have to mistice on all
.
se the masculine weapons that he had so long re- tion to the an
orld hung on his personal character, he could not of the former
nd in his body the courage to fight. His only Murmansk-A
urce of masculine courage, his reaction-forma- (5) Lithuani
(9) ?t.
odge. Yet he could not frankly compromise. He Crimea (11)
, ung on, hoping and raving to God his Father Armenia, (14
nnict betwee 4wdiyn to fight and his
ar had made Wilson again-
I ttle Tommy 1 , vz xAickly, with his specta-
t play with the
ho felt out of lit
Through
ilson writhe
ving out profu e
s ooting from
i his left ?sho
ggard, its le
t e torment in
ps less terrillii
end. He face
h rrible to hire
1. come the to
ace, or lie c
t e financial
uropef(Va
CPYRGHT
10' G.HT
.,iiteu gates from {&,
Y~ltlf'fl)ldf~fl{t~YP~Qd?IP_ACP_ 'e~fiflW~#~
e consequence s of
alone might have
vise; one crack of
Wvg ought Lloyd Ge' ir,ge
ed that ' his with-
.jam 4an
At inch armies would
,e1tt~E? fjLyyorse than the peace
events might 1'ro-
t so vast that the
e would succumb to 6lol-
I Communists far
feared militarists.
uld be established
ve himself of his tif le
d that unless I le-
~ithin a few days,
corded with their
in the open so that
pen and turn the
n. Again he hoped
c masculine weap-
be able to indulge
Wiinine weapon, the
Due ?f the authors of this
.lecision from
proposal for pea. .e,
10. Wilson, whose
pied by Germany,
question to House
r personally about
an immediate tar-
d de facto recogni-
ernments that had
$rcas of the territory
(1) Finland, (2)
Ionia, (4) Latvia,
(7) the western part
"" #t:Hu , including Bess-~-
Ukraine, (10) the
2) Georgia, (13)
.n(15) the whole of the
Thus, Lett 1'a o ered io confine Communi:.t
rule to Mosco- -ma_facent area. plus tha!
who did not dare'. Lenin naturally expecte to expand the area '
e Augusta streets, . Communist rt11M'WfretteYee could safel re and
Ay;thout a friend. less of any promises he m? ht h y,
hours of April 4 1 rg ave made. Yet b y
, reduein- the Communist t
sae to an area not mucl+
plitini , coughing, larger than that ruled by the first Russian dictato!
Doc y urine, pain to call himself Czar-Ivan the Terrible-Lenin hail
t F ...-.,.I.r. ., .._.._ -
...y,.~ VpFUL LUTnty to prevena
ng for breath, his face Communist conquest by force of adjacent areas-
ia rr..-
4t that moment was - --- --~< ma,. TTnswt s reiusai to
per- burden his one-track mind" with Russia may
t.tban the torment in his
11
we
we
, to the end, turn out to be the most importan'
na -hnth of which were
single decision that he made in Paris.
his promises and , is difficult to believ th t W t W h
not the Prince of a . r son ad any
idea on the evening of April 7, 1919, than to
omi e
rthe
, raw ;; r,aahpr than to compromise further. But we
hdJh*Rbfl=M07nnn1 -A
y e shocked but not LtYttfi -'n10-04
 44
surpri?.,r to note at, on the after noon oTApril 8, i to America and get it ratified by the~enate and
ef,i,nomic life of Europe. Thenceforth, Wilson's nearly all mankind, which must have been at bot-
cepting flu: reparations settlement that wrecked the ever been in his life. His hatred and loathing of
Sar1> z ~ ac~#}t ~ ~e 104 R l b40449RG9Q8GW7 031-6
CPYRGHT
review by the League of Nations, the Senate of the George burst against Raymond Poincare, president
Doctrine should be specifically exempted from dared to loose against either Clemenceau or Lloyd
had to ask for amendment to the Covenant. The 'Wilson's arrival in France, had made him feel in-
British and French made it clear that he would not
net the amendment unless he should promise the
British to limit the American fleet and agree to the
peace terms of both Britain and France. On April
8, he accepted the reparations terms of Lloyd
George and Clemenceau; on April 9 and 10, he
compromised in the matter of the Saar and the
American fleet; on April 11, he got his Monroe
Doctrine amendment; on April 15, he, accepted
Clemenceau's demands with regard to the occupa-
tion of the Rhine.
To record the details of the compromises Wil-
son made in the remainder of the month seems un-
necessary. The Treaty of Versailles was delivered
tr, aae Germans on May 7. Most Americans had
been whipped by propaganda into an exaggerated
hatred of Germany so that the severity of the
treaty was congenial to them. But most Americans
were also opposed to "European entanglements";
and since the League, an integral part of the treaty,
rvi-AYRgiltas entangling the United States some-
now n uropean squabbles, there was a strong
;,?eling against ratification even among Americans
who did not object to the terms.
ferior by speaking better without notes than Wil-
son had been able to speak with notes. He refused
to give him.
On June 24, House recorded in his diary:
"The matter had become so serious that Poincare
called a meeting of the Council of State... He
[Wilson] has made every sort of foolish excur:e to
Jusserand [the French ambassador to the United
States], such as `I am leaving immediately after the
peace is signed and would not have time to partake
the evening.' Jusserand sent word that French offi-
cials were running the French trains and that the
President's special train would not leave until after
the dinner was over. The President ... said he had
no notion of eating with Poincare, that he would
The following day, House wrote: "He com-
pletely capitulated as far as the Poincare dinner
was concerned.... The episode was a revelation
to everyone excepting myself of something in his
counted to them for his many enemies. Although
?v ,....,,,~ b..w ,.v "- 4ulllcl, 1 J I .ULV Wlll IIVVCL
HE FEW AMERICANS who knew enough forgive his having forced upon him such an un?
to visualize the political and economic On June 28, House talked with Wilson for the
consequences of the peace were heart. last time in his life, and the next day recorded in
- ily opposed to the treaty. Even among his diary: "I urged him to meet the Senate in a
citicism of the treaty was widespread and violent. same consideration he had used with his foreign
:;ion members of the American delegation in Paris, conciliatory spirit; if he treated them with the
atne resigned from the American delegation and `House,1 have found one can never get anything in
He wrote to Wilson: "Our Government has it!"' To find outlet for his reaction-formation
this unjust treaty, to refuse to guarantee its settle. chic needs left but one course of action open. He
people and to mankind is to refuse to sign or ratify preserved his identification with Christ. His psy-
ii emberments-a new century of war ... the duty had to obtain ratification of the treaty by the Sen-
.,1 the Government of the United States to its own ate in order to maintain the rationalization that
'onsented now to deliver the suffering peoples of against his passivity to his father, he had to meet
standing with trance...: It is my conviction that lapse in the three months that separated his signa-
sure and might have established the `new inter. mittee on Foreign Relations to meet him at the
bi?t,ind closed doors, you would have carried with from his breakdown of September 26, 1919, may
you the,public opinion of the world, which was be followed by the perusal of his public utterances.
yours; you would have been able to resist the pres. He invited the members of the Senate Com-
'n the millions of men, like myself, in every nation the secret treaties before reaching Paris for the
who had faith in you." Peace Conference. The fact is that Wilson was in-
principles of right and justice' of which you used ' tions, he revealed an extraordinary mental disinte-
o speak. I am sorry that you ... had so little faith gration. He testified that he knew nothing abut
ational order based upon broad and universal ` White House on August 19. In answering ques-
"Very sincerely yours, William C. Bullitt."
Wilson did not reply.
arty IsSh;~JF4tgjfase : CIA-RDP75-00149R000800070031-6
X3196
QEC agned as soon as nossable. so that he could ret?rn Lt
U T)
 DEC 131966
formed of th
bSan iii
actually had
corporated in
treaty that he
embodiment
that the exist
disclosed to
unconscious
conspiracy-
'oint:3 would have
ression of the fact
trengthened by his
1self the victim of a
tdyed.
DIG, his physical condi-
0Itl cne intensely nervous.
e e;f in spite of the ob-
1 -bons o his physician, his wife
and his secr o Maur America, appealing to
-his fight a ?'it
lay down hi&
treaty that i
Wilson
was the supri
real reason
place was th
rivals were
Less th
bankers an
Germany, bj i
to dominat
had to do w
duce these t
merely that
under contr
dictions ma
sire, not re
he said: "I
day.... I set
American h
their drea
on; all the
1iim n1iis fight for the treaty
ge.n. August, he decided to
Cess~ , to destroy.
to the West in September, 1919,
Ter 5, he stated: "The
~ 4ave just finished took
:was afraid her commercial
errat Des Moines, Iowa,
of Germany did not
xe4assed through. The
xg and the merchants
folly. Why? Because
ustria . genius, was beginning
illdllh
mcay, an a se
one mind could pro-
in 24 hours indicates
ling more and more
side by side, since de-
T ht. On September 15,
to ace the culmination of
list -a11 the orators seeing
zi{eir spirits are looking
use the noblest sentiments
the sight of a great
nation respon`d' _to andact ng upon those dreams
and saying, At the world knows America as
049W
the savior a ,_tt3
the impress
Tommy Wi
comparable
Rev. Joseph
gold bar of
knows, as
On Sep
to Admiral
tour, he w
for him, D
i win not ot
1 "' It is difficult to avoid
10
2~t at teat moment, poor little
es Wil on was leaning over the
a spn t ah t l he should continue the
said he preferred to
ot say, but we may say
d
IQr 4't 1
will not eon et'rtl at er, I will not be God? They
canceled the Riau: OTeoi returned to the White
House. Th
morning,
le side.
secret treaties in; o conic
ti or Re ease biCAA%R
ize that he had in- In the!
!cret treaties in the comparable
toward his fathnrand
R000800070031
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to theMtgside
t e C1A-RDP75-00149R000800070031
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CPYRGHT
 Sanitized Approved For Release : CIA-RDP75-00149R000800070031-6
A FOREIGN-AFFAIRS SCHOLAR VIEWS
THE REAL WOODROW WILSON
BY ALLEN W. DULLES
~PYRGHT
CPYRGHT
IF THIS 900K-a psychological study of Woodrow ; after a heavy attack of the flu in April, 1=119.
Wilson by Sigmund Freud and William C. Bullitt Bullitt and Freud feel that one does riot need
-had not been written, I would certainly wish that to apologize for employing analytic methods in a
it should not be written. It is not "the whole truth psychological study concerned with the deeper psy-
and nothing but the truth." chic facts. However, one may question, and I do,
The book is written, the decision has been whether such a "psychological study," made in the
made to publish it, and it will be widely read here case of Freud at secondhand, without personal
and abroad. I have not been asked to pass judg- knowledge of his subject, gives a balanced view.
ment on the decision to publish it, but rather to Freud admits that "a more intimate knowledge
comment on the book as I have seen it in galley of a man may lead to a more exact estimate of his
proofs and as adapted for Loox Magazine. achievements." In this study, great areas of Wil-
My views have been sought because I am one son's thought and actions, and his dynamic ideal-
of the rapidly dwindling group of people who, in ism, are passed over in silence. Certainly, I would
their adult life, knew Wilson personally. I entered hope that this book would not initiate a series of
Princeton during his presidency there, and I biographies based on posthumous psychiatric
viewed at firsthand the Wilson-West controversy studies of. our departed great.
that shook the calm of the Princeton campus. I be- The authors portray Wilson, as he prepared
lieved that Wilson was right in his program for for the Peace Conference, as astonishingly igno-
Princeton. In this, he had the support of a majority rant of European affairs outside of Britain. The
of the student body. facts are that Wilson was keenly aware of the great
The authors have described Wilson, at about range of problems that would face our peace ne-
the time he became president of Princeton, as an gotiators, and as early as 1917 selected t group
ugly, unhealthy, "intense" Presbyterian, with a of outstanding American academicians, scholars
neurotic constitution and with little interest in the and publicists to form an organization called "the
amenities :off life; a man who overdevoted his en- Inquiry" to advise on problems of the Peace Con-
ergies to speechmaking and phrasemaking. Yet ference. Included were Charles Seymour, later
during his Princeton days, the students considered president of Yale; Isaiah Bowman, America's
him the most popular teacher there, and a student leading geographer; and Walter Lippman,. Many
body is not easily taken in by pretense. others outside the academic field and the Enquiry
One of my most distinguished contemporaries were available to the President and the peace dele-
at Princeton, prominent today in the field of let- gation before and at Paris. Among them were Her-
ters, recently described to me a Sunday evening bert Hoover, Bernard Baruch, Norman Davis and
supper with Woodrow Wilson and his family at Thomas Lamont. Thus Wilson, in a uniqu '. initia-
their home in Princeton when Wilson was in his tive, evidenced his determination that our peace
fifties. "He was," my friend said, "the civilized and negotiators should have the most expert advisers
attractive sort of man that you would wish every the United States could offer. It is true that politi-
American professor could be." The authors' de- cal and other pressures sometimes overrode the
scriptions of Wilson are the conclusions of one advice of the experts, but with the establishment
man who never knew him personally and of an- of the Inquiry, it is misleading to suggest shat the
other who had bitterly repudiated him. Certainly, President and his advisers at the Conference were
it does not describe the Wilson I knew. acting in ignorance of the basic facts oo world
I saw Wilson in action during the 1919 Paris politics and geography.
Peace Conference. As a member of the American Freud, in his Introduction, appeals to the
delegation, I was one of those who, in 1918, reader not to reject the book "as a product of prej-
brought George D. Herron to Wilson as an adviser, udice." He admits that both authors star~.ed out
and I was close to Wilson on his day of triumph with strong emotions but exposed those emotions
when he presented the Covenant of'the League of to "a thorough subjugation." I still find a deep
Nations to a plenary session of the Conference. note of bitterness in this book. From his introduc.
The gap between us in age and position was tion, I gather Freud felt there was something sin-
such that I make no claim to have been a confidant ister about the Wilsonian influence on the life of
of President Wilson. I admired him from the the Europe that he, Freud, had known. Freud
Princeton clays. As a teacher, he had the warm qual- certainly viewed the collapse of the peace, which
ity of imparting knowledge without seeming to be he apparently attributed to Wilson's influence, as
lecturing-the student. He had his shortcomings, but destructive of the Europe that he cherished. "His
he was a man of great vision and idealism, tragi- intrusion into our destiny," Freud calls it. But
cally handicapped in many moments of crisis by history tells us that the Allies sought in every way
to bng t~.sr e a c7~" r ? fbp itb bl`n.
ill6qss e ~ip" ebegch6 i
0EG 1VA
1-6
 CPYRGHT
DEC 1 3
shows us his true
against the treat
believe, still pers
fighting the sha
There is a 'f
the brief referer e
I saw him befo
and also upon h
"'
just at the time I can understa
and even anger,
with him or to
realizing that
naturally; Bullit
able accomplish
C4P)('Rf_eMTth
sincere, might
ward a better u
the West. It wa
he had carried
and real dange
gotten this rehu
Each auth
toward Woodrd
they worked tog
the Foreword
Freud-undoub
When the
bitterness, it is
his frailties, an
understand their-
picture of a greif
Luring much oil
completely un
stubbornness
should be jud'
while stricken
I find mi
recognition off
League of Natii
was in some r
and vanquish
task of ensuri
led directly to
contributed to,
Nations could not
atmosphere, butt
IA
"i'nly,e stlfern~~~
Duridays preceding the 1918 Armistice for Wilson a
and the Paris Peace Conference, I had worked with Princeton d
Bullitt in assembling for Wilson the material on thoughts toda
which his Fourteen Points were based. I also saw that the Freu
Bullitt often during his stay at the Conference. Bul? the frailties a
litt is a man who espoused causes and individuals his aspiration
and then turned from them abruptly and with real higher moral
passion. In fact, he had certain of the character- motivated me
Bullitt's letter of r Wit, gives a clue to
his motivation in tthe treaty, and
Wilson. At that
to any extreme
is bitterness, I
ljdok, Bullitt is still
of Versailles in
Bullitt's attitude in
Rullift mission to the
A ace Conference.
s tcd n the Russian trip
turn;to iris in April, 1919,
stj i1 n with influenza.
4reat,disappointment,
ti j ,-port, possibly not
w a_ ci y_ sick man. Quite
iiia it h.,fern a consider-
if t had turned out to be
=e ieve this and to be
..p$ o tho mission that
T!ic-considerable obstacles
iven Wilson'for it.
to to b,:- a man bitter
- .
as over long years
i tt an ne Introduction by
ter6ess of the one played
of sty man is bred in
tcHocus. Wilson had
perhaps helps us to
i 'i bt th ttl
ns,ueoa history is blurred.
rat-
his battle over
; man and, at times,
work. In this situation,
1
o ctive shield. No man
linsis of actions taken
G e Freitd-Bullitt book any
t ii' great: conception of a
as tT e League Covenant
Bing the victorious
cr in the common
failure of the treaty
'i thhe tragedy of World
s T,, 'gait of a League of
on
i Ci' led in the postwar
our _hw e been tried.
t'sb `Tne -6
acher during my
colors my own
w-ter
untgreatly over tresses
e man and ignores
erilnfional relations to a
e ears, his vision has
_ester things. The at-
undermine bell of a world at peace
iiit so tragic
ally failed to
for which Wi V~l
realize. Therttc idealism in thy: world
today; we casee it further weakened
by, what is i an ill-founded attack
on the character ppue df rug great ideali:-ts.
END