The Third (Communist) International STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-00915R000100050004-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 91
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 9, 1998
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: November 1, 1947
• Content Type: REPORT

Approved For Release 2001/08/20: CIA-RDP-00915R000100050004-1
The Third (Communist)
International
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS
25X1A2g
Interim Report
November 1, 1947
Approved For Release 2 - 0915R000100050004-1
 Approved For Release 2001/
Chapter
Pro1ir:ii iary P.eriarks
P78-00915R000100050004-1
I. Origin and Purpose of the Connunist
;Eh
llllw~ III, Principal Components of the Conmun,'i
Bi Interrelation of Sections Federations
D. The xeeutive Apparatus
The International C9ntr ., .fie sior
C. The Plon
III, The Fxccutive Ce :tutee the Cer-au at:Int rya ie .
A. Principal Functions
B. General Structure
Praepisljurx
Po1itbur- u a,nq prgbureau
Standix g Cor missions of the Fra.csidj.u
2, The $ect~,onal Secretariats,
1, Std uct. ure and Function
2. The Sewn Wor' d. Qorcresscs
The Perrlanent Agencies of the ECC.I
s i u
P,)1ideal, ,Ste or Agencies of the ECCI
L, The Pola,t c.al Secrcta.ria,t
The Poli.t,,cal Propaganda Departments
1. Agitpro Department
Inforr .tjon, Department
3
Editorial Peard
Page
1
14
14
15
16
16
1.6
17
24
Approved For Release 2001/-RDP78-00915R000100050004-1
 Approved For Release 2001/
Chapter
V. Clandestine Action Dopartrzcn_ts +
At Org Dopartr.:cnt . , . . . . . . . . . ? ? ? i ? 26
B. Intorrzati-onal Liaison Department (OMS)
C. Finance Department .
VI. ECGI Field Agencies and Representatives
A, Permanent bureaus
Pago
38
B. Representatives and Instruetors
VII. Notes on Training Schools
. 33
VIII, Comintern Auxiliary Organizations . . . 51
A. General Purpose and Structure . 51
B. Main Comintern Auxiliaries a ? 51
IX. Dissolution of the Comintern ? ? . ? ? ? 57
APPENDICES
A. World Congress Delegates , . . ? . ? ? ? . ? . ? ? ? 59
B. Members of the Executive Committee of the Communist International . 65
C. Members of the Praosidiuri of the ECCI ? . 72
D. Members of the Political Secretariat
E. O.A.O. (Agitation-Operative Department)
26
. _ ? ? ? ? . . . ? 51
F. Distribution Points of New Times ? 85
CHART
Inside
Structure of the Third (Commmunist) International. . ? ? ? ? Back
Cover
Approved For Release 2001 -RDP78-00915R000100050004-1
 Approved For Release 2001 /08/2 - 78-00915R000100050004-1
PRELI
T,Y .,r- n "T'S
-Durin- the "tare:lty-four wears of its of ficiall existence the Third
(Com=runist) International played a C;77 role in the world.-?Tide or`anization
and c lopl:1C:' t of he revoluJtionari 5: ?.mist -ovemeat. r_s the first `lobal
nnlitical machine in history, it coo:~,r,. ~.l.atcd c:'v'ol'ts of t,roups of
_CtCr C~ a11c'ical a`;ita'-o-'s aintl '"cvol'ttionarios in al'-:'ost ever,,
'1 ;.' To no s1::all_ duE'rce the enor:molls
nation ~.~.~. coloni~oc .:-c~. of _ the 1.rol
, l
r ro rt'a of woeld COY nll'>111 CL 7_ t our C-aeratioc1 has boo 7 C'.1'.c to its ]_n't C "rat-
i11r' a.lc'. compulsive force.
ovcmont with the ruali tics of a
',scia -,'ti_fic" ;oolztical ~ coy. o is
~.
t,O ac iC:Vi_i1'" I-. S1 1~ 1C simple aim-
:?Cl_-~ iOL ~ C_'LSade, a rolTornCllt dedicated a_
-the c ~) : pleto e'ieii -tio-, of cl ,,.sses anC' t l 1?,ali7,a.tion of socialism. in the
,.
Ciltll'C 'rTOtl`'.---'7 rt'..clai1S of 1,1:10 revolutionary seizure of power by Urban
factory ro '=crs led b'T a C_isci oliacCi ve.ar, rd, in to rilat o ea.1 corluTL111iSL1
has profited. : reatl_y fro-,. the C'irreCtion and assistance of a highly-trained,
profession-.l_ staff of revolutionaries who
'.h.o-~t pure the basic doctrine of ttsci C n'~i fie ' socialism
oxporolc'oc' b-, Marx, amended by L,e.nin, aria stabilized by
Stalin;
ostabl' seer p -_ttor;_1s of Pa o r. a_,.izatio c an(,. functioning
based upon the lone cap':-ri once o the . Tolshevi b party be-
OrC and after the `:oviC"C. rCV01i'tion;
dictated the tra.te ^' and a _nalyzed the tactics of national
Part. ropa. _,n,' . and :-.ctio:n V
oool r' " '1C b' 1o?'L.C r'e `ai_ncr' h ;-he Cuupe;r:' o:ince of each Party
for the benefit of all;
trained national cadres -"in poll ticaly soc_ Ct i_1Ttelll Once,
and subversive ^.C'tiviti S; proviC_od -'uD for Par' ~T work--
from newsp: per '-?uC.;: Ots to revoi?'"ti chary war--ch..Sts;
and c:cvclo, .c'. a o.- p.:_:so-nial professional r'elation-
ships i "ld snensa'"bl'. for cohesion and cint'le-
-.in~ edn ss i _ i -at:,rna.tional poll b:ical action.
The rote tion l Co ''1liSliet ove; "ent LTG T rly in its career
or cnizc' Zt e'lf t'1re r"'zo, c o 1 Lhc Leni.ist of cc itralism,
which call-C. for an authoritative c:nt r resnonsill fol the int _.pretatioi3
of C_octr i , a --a( the deter: i"na.ti o a of SL _.te ;J aand u-.c' ics 1' . for SC mi-
r..ili~-._r ~uco orl of lo?-cr to 11-141 , 1-1,"; r c'l.,lor_s. Aapli.un on the
national as . (;ll -.s ;'1;:: international level, this avc the Comin-
r?
trey 1 its characteristic ore:-.nizational pattern. The nation"_ l a,-._rties aff il-
l2t:.:d with thy: Third Cii.,?tiral COTi7P'_1ttCCS
which exercised national COi e .nC'. f actions. International centralization
w,.s achieved by the E -.cutive Corm ittoe of the Comintern in Moscow which
Was sta' lisped as the hiLh command of '-he entire Conmiunist m-.ovement. The
Comintcrrn therefore represented not o 11y Feder .ti..on of parties joined
"co cthc jr for common ^.ct- on, b?,t also ^_ co-"rpl~;.: and tirhtl-, r orE.anizod
1O C'.CL .rtC:rs command staff which assumed. control over the various national
co_rters, ~ra.s itself closely i_ntee?ra.toc'. into th l ecutive center of
the one Communist P---rt,T which h.-,' a_lr succeeded in se' izi- ,power.
~n 1o 1_ S -16 r-. ~ o!. 1 i _~._ Or 1G rC'VO1L.t1013
I '' tors ?' f L n _^ ' ,
COi 1ntCr.1 'le.^. r'' t_~ ~1 OVIO.CC. C
he terpeted,
'10?'/Over its dissolution t: hinrthe Lcnsntsti^5 C .111iSt
nri.::iCiplc of cent=" 1112 .tie 1y -"ithout which (froi"'. the Communist point of
T l~' , is s C has ;
view) a re,rol?..,lon~_'i .ry r~.ovcr.,ent ~ im.j~ou.~i :plc, -not boon . ~_b~.ilc.o.ncc..
.:o small part of The successful Cd_evelopm? n`c of the COl?li'.1?.'nist movement--
na.rt= cL?l:.rlY vrin! '1c -.scisst t?~irties and durinr. the al? i -self- ze.s been
d?:c `Cr) its practical co; ': i 11^."tion of lo` l ` nd illeg _l s ^ activities in
fir,'.1tin, sa-inst t1-i_, "politic -:ly social, mac'. police oppositio it ?T-":s faced
Comum; i."t parlance for ` overt or public" and secret or undorErounds..
Approved For Release 2001/08/2J' P78-00915R000100050004-1
 Approved For Release 2001/08/20 -
78-00915R000100050004-1
P9
wit'In ovoryincoro oietsiCio the Soviet 11ioie. The conIribei,lons of Third
Inter:"-.,_tio'nel 11c .c'_gllr.ltcrs to the cff _.ctivc ills ; .1 lifc of the world
pe't'' hevo boo of sin[u1.^.r i_mpor t . icc. lt"rom th. provision Of
one r, the black _" ov ieont of '_7:_irsonnel, the provision of sefo-havon
inside t i.'SSP to the t -A-tin" of 1:.ti.onc.l c c:res in the its of
oS}?ion"'.' C, st bot'.; Cy 1C'. Cl .1C1.CSt1_1C o] ' e 11Z . t1.a rrOp li1C' _ word,
the direction of the world Cr,iit r has 1' .rantecc the net .,anont cxistcnco
o i :;vcrT i'1'-.tional section whn'_ c r. r t'1 11- I.,Ur o s ,1'c_1"t'1 of thG i epres-
sive forces it.
The Third (Coi''iiuiist) Zritcr:1".tio_7^l i!-s _1SSOly, dt 'C!~T dCCroc 111
1943. T ~'~-?SSO1.'L10:'_ of 'Gno h -.C::ii.a'ters wes nti!thcnt_c. the bUronu-
cr.;i_c struct?l.1 C, tb Pe so ii:,l SS1' 1~".C rits, en'' the del, r r,.tcd functions
us thou o-is'.cc' in t'-Lc l1-.to '30s wore '.ctrn,lllT lieride.to'. The efficient
frileti_onii1 of t'no intern -_ti.on,-_I C01'7illili`'l ovc'?Cnt ??::s nonethclcSS little
effected by this "C.'.J S?O1ution of its p,.l'C_.t stcor7_n or eonizntion, .'.nci
t'1C foi ^,1 --.Loll of 11 of in i..rop_ - Forties onlounecd 5 r ctober. 19 .7
s 1 sDl~T esLo'] liSi""?.CS 02 Or'u sirs Li_C orr niZ..~ior'.l ~hC
function-2 it C'_ '1C Communist
i:.^e It '?''''s ili,`vor loot. Th.. pr e,:>G'1 1 ,1C r ^.cco c1.111 1J p? USCi1ts " n ^. l^I;JSiS
of the "C.issolvc,e, ' 10o:i1i a , i - n . , "_lQ ou'C' o_' 11S ori.CC l iiltcrC7st, b L ' t , ^ . S P r o -
-
vid~_14: i1 iilc'i _is le __ .c'?v.-J_ ','sic :fcr ^.n cstte of t.1c or s. iz^tion
-
1_i1(f. fuectioei'i' o 7 : .D 1 0. (i!.Uii: S:1 OCE.': f'-ii- p .pC1 uj l be fol-
lowcu by ^n ovoroll roster of pe soililc='_ connected w. ithl th:. Third In-tcx-
n . ci o_ el before 19113, . lc s b;' ct ~_!tl;r deti.iled epprecieti_on of the
r,othoc'_s -.iac'. tech iccucs by :Jriich _iieerl on Co 1 i i J1unisa_ 1'.S, S111C 1943,
m^.1nu in:;d tit. 1 1 iC' C t .1.i"i-1 11^..1 -o 'TT contribrtcs so 17.rge1-T to
i'.s sL'cCc's sful exploit;e.tioil by the Soviet :overiuncnt in the no11-diplom.:_tie
implci::ciltotio:.1 of its forei ~.1 polic r.
Approved For Release 2 Ul-78-00915ROO0100050004-1
 Approved For Release 2001/108/ZQ- P78-00915R000100050004-1
I , 0RIGI L `D Pt LPOSE CT TilT CO 'lT_ IST IIJT l ATI01?AL
Tho ''scio;:atific'' loci^.1is71 of Ir..rl -mu' Friedrich Enrols, offor-
int:; not only critic,l analysis of noder i cnpit-list society but also
cle-.rl yr-oi-ltl_iilcd prod: ?^ a f or e.ctic)n to lie c '.rri od out by the working
1i'^ sscs of the work, r evo -birt'.1 to series of i It orne_ti_on l wor' ers'
O.ssoci..-tions d.CdiC .ted.:. to t,,- I_- of tr.''eisl^ L`,in" ;'`ierxist doctrine into
loci-_l e.ctio'a..
i`kerx himself 1i_tieted tho i itor:l i/io_T-_l_ Corirnv.ilist movement with
the fornd.in, of the Communist Lc,^eE_uc in June 1',47 (earlier Lo uoof tho
Just) which was orC7.-1izod into communes (3-20 nem'icrs), circles (2-10
coca :'u.:ncs), 1 Iin~ circles, Cc.ntr .l Committee, and .e Congress. This
m.iniettlro l .,a uc of '' .cvenccG. wo1'',-r;rs'' "ccoptod the pl ogr 7:7171^.'%1C principles
~.nd. t,ctics of e : enc E--K;-ls end commissioned. the form or to d.r w up the
Co ~;lil_~lst Pi^ ifasto which wes pu.bli shod i.n Fobruery li 4i1 end contrrinod
"the P,.rt;y policy of the Communists, Ipso fe.r it ce:. be made public."
f;no Comma-list LeeCue, however, w^s only the forerun:.lir of the first
^u i'lcnti c Intcr.n_,.ti.onel, the l: n.i_on o? .Ea` lish, C erm^.il, French, end
It#:,.li'? off'ers' societies .oi.1ndod. it Londo in 1CS44 ,.s the Interil_.tionel
Ii2r :inr _ft0_n!s Assoc tion e.nd. for which ier ^.1.:1, ^f for somo meneuvering,
w o G:; e '7rog _ii7. (the which, with strong concessions to
"the present st.,.ndpoi_lt of -the wort ors' , ovcrae::lt," est.ehlishod the soli-
r'erity of the prole ; .ri~_t in ..1l countries is the fu-.1 .m.cntc.el 9rinciplc
of the Intornetionel. A series of s Oven Co-_-.ressos (li >^7=) culr'.iaetcd
in the ii.-ion t'ie I ..ern .tione1 Split with the o:tpulsion of
Daku:nin end his .rchi_st f^.ctio'n ".n' the cutive Ccierel Council wes
tr^ns.Fer' od from London to 'ci:r York ,*here it fornrzlly died in 1971.4.
As the !_ t?rop ;?'. '1 le.bor p-.rtJ c.s r .r o1:F in the 1701s, ;end. 11`01s, various
-.ttcmpts worc l .''C -',-,o re-fou_, ti1G I11 Crnetion^.1, but they did not
succeed until the Found.tio l Congress of the SeeconCI. Intor"etion^l, Pe-ri.s,
l(",*9. As tie soc . rli st . -0t ement c,:ve1on;d in .:I'uropo c.urin the next
twenty five yce;.rr, the :Deer .to cofn grist" or "opportunist" wing of the
ien j or perti s c;r 'w to CIOi.i1_1 C: L' :i: ovement, -.i1Cwith this, outbrcck of
World. I the 1% e:7:-i_? . r~ _ltios 1!it-I few exceptions - voted wer credits
end rave' full support to their ?rrn ' i-curgCois'1 overn m_oits in the
1 imporiel sttstru ~ lc.
For Lenin, t'it; l e'er of the Dolsh,vi'_; or revolt.tiom_h-.ry section of
the Pussie Snci^_1-Dc oc eti c P .rtv, irh'; hid been fi ;hti:rlr this oppor-
tu list to e_?.d_ in his owe. l,?-.r t;T since 1903, t',-1e "bctr~y^.151 of the prolc-
. o.r. iat b the Soci .lists' desertion t" the comp of the bourgooisio
p".triotic concept ,f d~Cf(c._:so of the f^t'.1crl^nC1U
Merl ocl the; end of the Scc 7hd. Tai rn .ti.~_1 .1 .end celled f,,-)r the founding of
now Intorne_tion^l._ to ce.rr7r on the fight for the pr lc c^.ricn revolution.
Y for e ih(:iv orr~111.-:1J.,^:t world p-'.rt7r, however, were rorlized
His 1 C
my ..^fter t'1 conclusion of the October Revolution in Pus sic (1917).
The estebiis'rlm: rt of the Soviet regime In _mssi t,hl u"'h the successful
ection of the Bolshevik Section of t':c ussien Sociel Der ocr-.tie Party
eve onormous 1Tci_nht to Lenin's interpr':tetten of i`'ierxict doctrine and
stret,_.Ly, and ect-d. -'_s e powerful m- rn tic force in the workers' move-
ment, to`iri lg ew y f' ctio,:i .'e nti.re; ')"r ti :s -,ut of the frri e rorl.
of the Scc cl Intc,l n tione.1. I_~ Porch 1919 "'.,.1 intern-.ti ni1^.1 conference
of dcle o.tos from several Furopce-a C~m,1u .. st -roups wes hastily errenged
:]_1'1 Poscoid upon e wireless eppc".1 ,-?. the Soviet i`lnistor of Foreign
Affe.irs, C'eichorin, -.nc. the 7h1_ird. (Cnrmunist) Intcrh,.tioncl -^ Comintern
w?es founded.
The pre emi"lo t- the Constitution end rules f the Ce,..7munist Inter-
922) l
nai_^r>:~.1 (1;:_i cl_.-;1rly G_C'= i11CS its pt _rpcso e
"The Communist Int: rn-itionr.1 - the I'nternetirre 1 T-rkors'
Associe-tlo-:":. - is c tali^n f Communist Pe.rtics in vo.ri -'us
c,,v.ntrios, it is ''rorl.d Curmunist Perty. As the 1c-.dcr and
>r~ '.1i_zer of th, world rcvrlutie,n i_ry _ ovemont of the pro-
lot^.x end th:- bo:7 ru: r the: principles end. rigs of Com-
T
muhthe C-mriuiist 1.1t~.,ri-'.ti >>^.1 strives t- win the
i7l
r,l:: jerity -if '1C ~T rl.ini cl._ss -_- th.. breed str-".ti the
pnoporty lcss peesentry, f ip hts the ost^_blishment of the
Approved For Release 2001/
8-0091 5 R000100050004-1
 Approved For Release 2001/0 - DP78-00915R000100050004-1
world dict~.tor. ship of tho pr-)lot^ri--.t, for the ost,7.blishment
of r. ,Jor1d Union f Soci-.list S evict 'opurlics, f r the com-
plete ~.bolitin' ~f c1,-.s- s ^.nd. f'r tho -.chi vc ent f
Socialism - tho first C%rmunist S,-)ci.cty."
Approved For Release 2001/ DP78-00915R000100050004-1
 Approved For Release 2001/ 8/ - P78-00915R000100050004-1
II. PRL:;CIPAIL C011PONDITS OF TTIE CO1T11UITIST T_?ITERYkTIOtWAL
The term "Comintern', or 'I Communist Intcrnationa.l" has consistently
boon employed in t?-: senses -- correctly, .as -referring to the entire
world-rcvoolu_tioizary complex of organized Communist Parties and their
,.
i_7tcrn^.tiai~a.l executive ,pp,ar^_tus, ^.iid, r,,orc n,.rrow177, as -. convenient
torn for the executive apparatus in 1'osc-ni itself .and its co_ unica.tions
and action ?o.:czcies in the field. T^.l:in1 the term in its first l lzclu-
sJive `,~,.o,ani- s: naturally rocLuiros at least cursory consider tion of the
principal action components of the Comintern--the sections or
parties themselves----befcrc examining the structure and functi ning :of the
ho^.dqua.rtcrs organization.
A.. Sec dons,
The w o:-).d Communist movement developed rapidly from its initial
start in 1::a.rch 1919 when the Russian Bolsheviks, with more handful of
non-Russian radicals from 0errrary, Austria, 13ung^.ry, Czech oslov:aki--!,
Switzerland, Cw c?.c_~, ,.i 0 the 77:nitcd States, faced the t~-.s1h of creating
and cods^]_id,t ng: effective C :: .,ist oro,onizati as tn ever;, c,nntinciit,
Pris Moors of World War I were infiltrated by Lenin into Austria
and Hungary t , organize the first full-fledged Communist p~.rtics organized
outside of Russia. The Communist Party -f Ctermany was founded in January
1919, of the united States in Scptemb.;r 1919, of Franco in December 1920,
of Italy in January 1921, etc. The pa.rti~ s of Indo-China, Cyprus and
Iceland. affiliated themselves with the C )inin.ternn as 1-.to as 1931. By
1935 there were affiliated to the Comintern 76 C in;unist parties and
groups with a total m.cmborshi,o of 3,926,000, the Communist Party of
S-vict Russia comprising 3,141,000 members, and overall Communist Party
strength in capitalist, countries placed, at 875,000*. In addition,
Communist Youth Organizati ,ns "cou-ztoc1 3,759,000 ,.umbers in the USSR and
221,000 embers abroad, (The figures given at the Pan-British Communist
Conference in March 1947 claim the existence of 65 parties with a total
world membership of 15,592,300, includinea the Communist Party of Soviet
Russia. with 5,000,000 -members).
The basic relations of the sections to the Cmi_.intern were regt?-
la.tod by the Coi it o)f Acl_cissi.,n to the C,-o intern (1920). Subse-
cuontly, ai-iy group party desiring, to join the Communist Intcrnati-nal,
a.s well as any ^_lread. T ..affiliated section, had t accept, under penalty
of excltusi'oon, 21 ?ic,nditi ons" which called for.
i1 cr, h om, c:.? with he Scc-~nd Intern-.tion^l. Lenin
aonsiclercd the destructs n :f the Soc ,nd (S )ci^list)
International "a prcrccui:sitc f r world-revolution and
constantly f ught Social-De 'cratic ref r ist or p.a.rlia-
r_,.c:zt^.ry thuds i sid.c and outside Comintern ranks. The
La l therefore sti-oul'.tocl th^.t c1 ^.ffili.^.ted
section draw up new political prngrm?:i in conformity
* During the period 1935-1943, Communist Parties existed in Algeria,
Alsace Lorraine, Arabia, .^r`entine, Lustr^lia, Austria, Bcl:iuri,
Bolivia, Brazil, Tulg.aria, Chile, China, Colombia,
Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovaks^., Denmark, Egypt, Lcu^dor,
Estonia, Finland, Prance, Germany, Groat Britain, Greece, Haiti, Holland,
.Iungary, Iceland, Indic., Iade--China, Indonesi^, Iraq, Iran, Iceland,
Italy, Japan, Kure Lithuania., Luxembourg, 1`~loxicn, morocco,
[row Zealaand, Norw^;r, Palestine, Panar.i^., P^.rau,^y: Peru, Philippine
Islands, Pnl.:ond, Port-, -Rico, Portugal, Rumania, Siam.., Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Syria, Tra.nsjord-,.nia, Trip-,litania, Tunisia., Turkey,
Union of South Africa, Uruguay, USA, USSR, Venozuol.a, Yugoslavia.
at* The Communist International of `Youth, a. Comintern auxiliary,
enj eyed section status without being a National Party.
Approved For Release 2001F C P78-00915R000100050004-1
 Approved For Release 2001/0I,UDP78-00915R000100050004-1
with Coir_intcr.z itself clc:,_rly
distinguishoblo fr Sect-1l Doo.ocrotic '?r S-,ciolist
p^.rti_os by dcsi&n^.tinr itself ^.s "C :E:nunist Port','- ?f
. . , b, Section ~_f the Third C __u .u.oist Intern^.tion^.l"
(,' ) fight the l.ob ?r unions ''If ilioted .rith the Second.
Intern-.ti-nol ^.nd. support the Red Intor_iati-in-11 of
Lobor L _ii ens )Pry:ofintcr-a) cre^.ted by the Corlintcrn (r?10)
bra^.1 with, .nd expel from its r T.nkr.s, 7.11 '.r(-,f -rr:gists"
('unce and
? r ("2,7); re t
i . c . , -, on-i cv 1L. ~~- n?^.r~T) clcr:=er_ to
expose seci'-'.l petr ic`tismm`_ -end. s`,eiol pecif isms
Tlh cro^.ti_0n strong co:etr`:lizcd P--.rt . The crc^.tion
of ^. uni 'ice', contr^.lizac~, r..i sc,i-,~l =l(-. d. party, c^pablc -)f
ecniovinE- rovoluti ery -'bj eCtivos, wo.s mode obli gotnry for
^ffillmtcd sections by ;'l'. .f th:. Condi-i,i-ons:
In the present op-ch of intensified civil war, the
Communist Forty com d.ische.rgo its duty only if it
will bC r :''.1iZCC' with the hirhost dcfroc of cCnn-
trr.lizc,.tion, ruled by it gin discipline h:erderin{: ^?n
rmilit-.ry discipline, ..:god if its p^-rty center will
prove to he . p,-tent -it-.ti-vo body invested
with bred p'>, rers en j- en -'yin the goincrol C'-
':'!fi-de--,ice , f the porty . er bcrs:"
Since this c--nccpti , of the p .rte, w'.s held incompetible
with any r -_ction^?_is - rri hi_n its r . 1a, end since Lenin
was perticul_- rly c or t re S vc: -:11 Y ii n-^.nts -f the
Second Int,cr. ti ~n 1, the sections were bound t-) purge
' .'..Zizoti ns r. gu1erly end. system-e:cic..11y, par-
their or !-
ticrl sts .nom' l- ors )f the centre",
oven "'.t t e cost of rope ci_if :xporicncod functionaries
The crc^.ti,z ill l~.upar^.ts. The olshcvik le^.d.crs,
who hod. ^.ccv_ ul^.ted v'..St e,'-,p ,ricncc in and.crgr-u-nd work
g the: period of their during existence, rl r
realized., csneci 11 TT -.s he tide f European revolution
reccded.9 ._i t :oily thot the s..ct o s r oust prop-.re f ^s the
time whothey r-irht be r. cocl t--' 1 n -orgr uod, but, else
that logel, overt r ._,th ds would. n :t be ~'de uate t co=y
out t'.aei r .L oz,T:;luti ?n . ' --or', _ .;1. C end.iti-,n .#3 reads
"The cl-.,ss strug lc in ~.1 st ev_,r c:untryr f Europe
end is c,ntcrin:7` the p't;msc -f civil spar.
* such Cniditi`. s the ce-i hove ':7-
L.ldcr St.C"
c-'nfidonce i"-'_ b ur eoi S l:^?.ws. The T S}1' uld create
everywhere p r^11cl il] e: - l pp:.r 'tus, which at
the decisive ;..._.:n s'_z-ul.' be f --.Ssistonca t the
party t,. d. its cluty
every c,muntr:T where, in c nsoc-acnce of ~~A.rtis.l law
or thou oxcepti a-.l lows, the Cm `u u-lists ere unable
to c^.rry -,I' their won: ' c :5.'oin-.ti - n of
logel onc1 Meg-I' is >^lut,oly nocoss .ry" .
Sir'.ilorl~r, ;13 -f the statutes ,f the C iintern states that
thin, s in thy. whole, of
Eurlp~ ez' f rL .eric , es ncccsso ry f?r the
C oo u li sts the w lc world on .,hlig etnry f or-
iaati me ?f i].le ^.l C unist r iiz^.ti_ its -.long
x i for ally
with those The E,cecutive C
t_~. ~; : .
nittoo (')f the C - .intern) shall ho bound t-) sec
that this sh-.11 bo c orried gut cvcrywhoro."
Tw , cetog rics of i_ll .; ^l ^.ct.i. a !-,cncics (".ppar,.ts) wore
therof irc evolved by the sc Cti ,is under C---intern super-
vision: l`oncieS which wore reedy t C .rr`T met U-i1dorLr and
party AFI-r1' in the cvc:ot of the srohihiti.^n ,r snoprossion
of the 1, 4-.e1 party (undergr,und -,,pp-.r-.t), :u t'-Inse which
operated ^.1,nE side the l g -.lly functioning party, porf >rr.-.
ing such "pre-revoluti ninny duties as s^brsogo, par-
.-military training, end ospi-on-igc (p,-rollcl eppar^.t).
Approved For Release 20 ? -78-00915R000100050004-1
 Approved For Release 2001 /08/ - P78-00915R000100050004-1
C r o su7~ art ' :r ~hc S ,vi . r.._U'ni i 1. E^ ch so c i n
was o" .,- 'l ov-.ry p-,^siblo .^.ssis~~`.nco to
bligcd to _~.
the S "Vint Pouublics in th, it strur to against all
counter-rovoluti'>nnry forcos" 014).
Activo ,enctrction, -a Cor1, uunist ran viz .tins. Each
party was b unC t , Npcnetr .tc l .b or u ns ..`>ns, cropcrotivcs
ind other 1-:b :7r u ny[n izoti ins in order to gain effective
control ovor - tho T -r ins of th . workers' - ovo ant.
C r,r u ,t frAc ti nns c - c' in such \ nrl-. wore e .nplctely
c r.trollcr_' by t,h.c section (i9).
P .r t c ~_~t_r: l T , n .l li it rzr fr .ctions C r _ unist
fractions oleo cod to cmstutiof porlionont ry bodies
worn t coif^rr strictly t the nolicy bid down by the
Control C uittoo the socts u 'nJ worn tr be nurgod of
"unrclioblo clor!onts (,`ii).
A zti Ir.-~c r~~^.1is L ~~lic Socti ns in countries with
c?oloiics were M- igocl to id.C.oto nod support the "libcr.a-
-
do of c olo_h 7l p ipul'-tio..ts (IS).
C,,-,nulsir- ,ro,p~ .c'^ ~..ctivitics. All _~?r PO zdz and
git .tion wo>r: was to be ho.-ru >ni zed with the pro ;r' and
? decisions of the C- Di torn, 74? 711 prop r.oi1J n.odio ^s
wall '.s porsonncl woro t bu su'h j oct t- strict c ntrol by
tic loading orr "._1s or the s cti. ^_7 ;,'1 . Subvorsion, prop,o-
ilitory
=n ;~di, an n at itcti-;-,,. 1J wCC~ t be c..trice, t. 7t in ovory r ,
,'.
E, ,-;
orgo,Lizotio -, by log,l .r illc~,ol o,ans . Sys to_satic
J
prep g^.nd,a w^rh in rural districts was si lilorly _n ado
oblQot,ry (`5).
The vcroll sunrc :~ e t -f chin C )r int rah. The suer c .ocy of
the C intora vor its soc ti ns, cloorly illustrotod by the
C -ndi tions olreody cited, was J-)a:ally sti-uulotod in X16,
which decl"_rod th-.t All ros -luti ins of the no ms ,f the
C -,r.intoro. worn binding Or the s _cti ns, And that the Third
Intcru_oti-nil should be centralized in butte l onnor than
the Second Intc.rn7ti -nol. In king resolutions whinh
were to be publicized by tho s: ction l pi. ss, C uintcrn
organs were "cro17 ?b1HL ed t - consider the voricty of c ,editions
under which the noti-nil parties had t , work.
B. Intcrroltiooe of Sccti :_~ns_-9-_.F`oder". i r .
According to C n intorn statutos, 711 sections, but p-.rticulsly
those in '' 1i r.per i"liat" c -'untric s nn" their c "?l-lies as well os those in
adjacent countri os, wcro t .intoi.l- cl _ sc r;o iizotionol and inf ormtion-l
c?nto ct with ouch thou, orroii _ -,r nutu.ol rcpr osontoti A At each ether' s
c-nforencos Ind c?n`rosscs, and--frith the c nsont .of the Executive
C ;paitteo f the C r'1ntcrn--oxch n`e'e lc" di V fuQctl 'nories.
Individual 1erhors of socti s ocro pen ittcd t travel from one
c -untr~ t: on thor ely with the c eisu::.t f the Control C' ..ittcc -f their
awn section--7iit'_i ut such cmesont the were :mt t- be occoptod int- ether
soctiw s. In the cisc vf C ounist's chongin his d-uicilo, ho was
^bligod t join the sucti ,0 in tho c entry f his now rcsidonco.
Beyond these co.suo.1 rcl-ti o: s, sccti ms were entitled to forr.l
Fcder.t,_oZS with the c ;r.s.,.zt -.;2-1 ueac- tho supc.rvisi ?-a of the
Executive Coonittoo -f the Copintorn. ThL, purpose of such Fodcroti-ns
was to provide 7,rc effective c -?rdin,.ti on of the octiviti.os V parties
with co s wn p-100 2 bjcctivcs. Tho fall wing i+"edoroti-ns are known
t hove existed-
7f The recently established nine-Potty "Inf' rnotion Bureau" at Belgrade
is or oniz .ti 'n^.111,T oirr-st idonticol with the pro-war "Fed :rotigns"
except that the CPSU is direct porticip.ont.
Approved For Release 2001/agP78-009158000100050004-1
 Approved For Release 2001/08/20?8-00915R000100050004-1
r n ~j
Te C"'7-,,Itrist P^ties. A
Feder-.ti'n of t'.zo C r --iu _ist P 1 ~1 ~s Sw,lcdcn, N lw:^y,~Ocnmrrk,
F111] ^.nd, ,.nd Icol-,io iris f r c d. ? it pu;r,.tCd
thr uUh sccw'ct^ri-t which w.r...s t u-Ilizc the oxp"rioncc f
-)thc:. C ' Tinnist Prirtics in the interests ,f th.c Sc'.ndin vian
P .rti_os.
2. The E 1hrin C st Fcdcrr.ti-_2. Cr ,.tcd in 1920 upon
the; ini ti-t'_ve f Eul~;^.rir.n C _ _ .u_ fists y n('. lin'rcd (i-octly to
cho intorn t11.r uC~h its Cccrctrr; Concrr.l, ?lr >v, wh? w,.s
oils) e .boo e-.f the ECCI prc.csidiu:_, t'1: Feder-.tir:)n -.dvoc^.tcd
the .ut-,n,:,y -f lvl--.cod -ni^. :rind T11r,.cc, end est:n':hlishod n united
fr,nt with the M- cc;. -ni,r._2 rev,luti~_z^.ries in Il;RC. The rgl,liz
tin-.I, functi ,nin thrr-u2h on E;:ccutivc Co;-rittoc .rind Political
Bureau, suporviscd the 7Lr?litico.1 r.ctiviries T the Er.ll:rin sccti(nns
from. its heac'cu-.rtcrs in Vionn ( ep rtccl.ly br(,l:en up by the
p--,lice i:a 192) .
Li 1923, the C,-,r.intorn ostr.blishcd a so-c^.llod. ~'Lobor
Office'' in S?.1 nico, which screed full-p joroc'. f.i_cld roproson-
totivo -)f the; .r"cc'.or .ty:.?_z in C:r:?ccce. St^.ffcd by Jcws, _tussions,
rind C ,r.i: t cr i 7~.1' _ .: clzi,o, ' - ,f f ico furnished ,rr'.s, served n.s
a r cloy st:^ .1 .. _r tr .v; lli 1; C . i_Ztc n ^ ( cots, tcr 1926--
di:_ coed r.-1 i.ntclli dice s.:cti -n cs t~' ~.a_shod by the C=.roch C -ml-iunist
Forty in S 1 ` iC^ . 1't' is !-f1CC w -.s super essed_ 1e t'1C ;J':nlico in 1930.
In 19."'69 the i+ cc'.c ti .1 wr..n further rop rte,d t- hove
sent (Uaido:atif led) " JCr ^.i1C: t i`eprescnt'.tiJ:;S t. PL ''C_':11^. ^nd
Greece.
From 1929 (the y: or :)f the "t'.i. C ,:nforcncc . f the E^lkan
C l:,munist Fodor^.ti:on) up t;., the w rir no inf,r!:n_ition n the exi stcncc
or ^.ctivi_tyT of the z-l,i s is ,.vr,.ilr-.blc.
3, The L,.ti z ?inncricr.n Fodc., -.ti ()n. In February 1925 the
illc -.7 portics Errizil, P r1~., C ^_nd Cu^.tcr ilr ;rind
the leg-.l lrrty P :c E~ury rr_uc'. fcder-.tifn:i which ;permed
thrc'UCh Secret-1ri,.-t chr.rg ;d with Eric coca-dinotioo.on r ,f Coi:l-
r.:unist ?r in L -,tin A: crie ld with iii-.intr.ining liaison
with the C -rlint(rn,
C. ,World C,,n,:;rc s s .
In ^.ccorerincc ith n r: _~.l C" mist pr?,cticc "n the n^ti,nr1
lovol, the ind v%c'u^.1 sccti-ns offili^.tcd t the C-?r_nintern t intorv^ls
sort -no c,r i ^re doloCotos t r.ttcnc'. c n?ross '-f, ^11 sections f -)r
ost^.bl~_slzi:- intern^.ti ,i,.l p,li.c r rind c;lecting the executive pers .nnel
7f t'nc intorn-.t:i n^.1 '_2 ^.dnu.nrtcrs.
1. Fo.neti gin. Thenreticn-lly, the ;-:T )rld Con; ress boos the
supremo pliey-:-::.'sing b-dy of the C ni,intorn. Its ,1ri ~: ry functi ?ns wore
t^ discuss .i1C~. c'CC1(.C pr ` 'Y ".tic, t^.ctic^l,
ti,onr.l 1u.cstirns conccrninG ti,-; Con'nintcrn and its sections,
to muter the pro.;grorl ^.i1d rules -,f floc Conintorn, 1. __ .c r,
t-, elect the Executive Co:o -,ittec of the C- ,--,i:,.unist Inter-
n^.tionmJ? and the Intern .t .:non C i trol C ?1 issi n;
t^ ^.11 cr.to t, cm.ch section n nu~bor -'f votes ^.t the W'rld
C nCress based on its stren th ^.nc' p->litic^.1 ii ;pcrtancc.
In pr^ cticnl torus, the ?,J rld C 'nCress served ns on inter-
nriti.?n^.l forur, at which general p^licics provi,)usly worked out by the
Executive Cor-uiittec (sec bcl,w) wore .f.->ri .".11y pronounced and unonir._rusly
For a list irf dele.mtcs to the v..r.rious Coonresscs, sec Appendix A.
Approved For Release 2001 11 ~P78-00915R000100050004-1
 Approved For Release 2001/08 l 00915R000100050004-1
1. Such ~:ccnsinns als nr vicioc' the c'clo sates with the , pportunity
Accepted. f-?r infernal exc lanac f views and infor ,.ti ,n ".nd for the transicti-n
of c .nfidontinl business. On the 4r'_1 lc, h.owcvor, the W rld CvnCross was
coroaoninl affair, n-'t unli - 1 .bor c nvcnti 1, 1d `f prinary sig-
nificance nly s- far as '''vort Co .intern str .topic and tactical fluctua-
tions were cmcernod.
The propnrat ry ,nrk the !-end Conrross was nnrr;^.lly
divided several ad-h C C i issi ]nS. On the 'occasion '?f the Fifth
World Congress, Y r oxauple, the .r oll,,ain; C missions had previously
been 7r C nizod by the ii ,sc >T.a stiff mandate, Drifting, Pclitica.l,
T i J
Orgniznti n, Prof ._,., Tr .de Tnn , Neti nnl and Colonial Ftics ions,
Pasant, N --en's '';u StionS, Y u. th, Pr -p. ndn, I t .li ..n, R i ssi an, British,
Polish, rul[arinn, Japanese, G.=ran, and Sc'a.ndinavian.
The C a.issi,,_1s f the Sixth ?1-rld Cea"ross (1928) included
the Progra _. C ssz .~ which ".raftod the statutes f the C- intern; the
C )l-mnial C ra .issi n with its .Hoer' Sub -C the War C na~lission'
which prepared res"luti ?ns f 1 "anti c ilit"ry" irrk; the Credentials
K r'issi -1, n the P- litical C r nissi n, which in liter ycors `moors: tly
bocanc . standinx_ coe,r_ission of the The final pr^il-unccrents if the World Con`-,resses took the
form if '"th.sos" 'nc'_ No;s...lu_ti?=1s'', t ho former boil' ^rth"ritntive `vcr-
all p-li tic':-cconnPic analyses of Five. ? t io n l r international
situation, the latter Cunornlly represc_tinC -,utlines of concrete action
prngr^.ns.
2. The Sc_~?_~_rcn ?' rid C`nrress~s. The World ConCross was, by
statute, to convene every two years. In the ncriod 1919-35 actually
seven congresses were held--all at P.I"iscow:
The First World C nCress (March 1919), which founded the
Comintern, halted its non activities t n 1 uncencats of
revoluti-nary arip,ngonda and issued 1ifcst t the proletariat
of the world in which it p1c ' `cc'. ^_71 C ionce to the urinciplos
1^ id c; T,nl in i irx' a C 1-.,ui_ist Manifest "f l ,I-5. It , eintainod
%'
that w'orli rev-lPti"n ins MAIM ^.& that it was the purpose of
the C ipinter_n t- assure the speedy in:' 7in"_l vice ,r? of Cori11u11isu.
The ConCress also C :pres^ed. the belief that within the year all
of Eu.ropo would be under the rule of S-evicts.
The ceo,z' 'c~ World Congress ((July-riuroest 1920) adopted the
~n
theses end s tnatutes ',f the Comintern which wore for ulotod by
no '_bors of the ~'1ussi "n C(? e u list P- rty, .n b. jan the work.-, of
creating a highly centralized or _niz .ti'a1. This congress still
viewed the establ ? ront o f an i'nternati"n .l Soviet reaublic as
reelizable within the near future.
The Third. World Congress (Juno-July 197:1) ockn .l:rlcdgcd the
failures of the C 7rfintcrn's provi pus r ;v^luti unary policies in
Europa and adopte tactic.o e csignc(' t ; win over the 'Fosses of non-
Con:nunist workers as ^_ necessary prep^.ra_tion t the final revolu-
tionary struggle which, under prevailing condi do ls, appeared to
be rocod.ing into the acre c'istnnt future,
The Fo th World C gross (1Rcvcr.,:ror-Decewbor 1922) elaborated
the policies of its prodocossm And worked out the tactics of the
"united labor front", n tactic directed at the unification of the
efforts of all workers in the fight against capitalise, including
those who did. not accept the Cirllunist creed.
The Fifth World Conn ress (June-July 1924) continued to
stress the importance of the sl?gan "To the r.fassos" forrlulated by
the Third Congress, and resolve t^ rcorganizo ("bolshovizo'' )
the various Coemu_ i.st Parties by exploiting the experience
of the Russian C=funist Party. This Congress was narked by the
intrysi ! n into the internati?nal scene of the Stalin-Trotzky intra-
party strut gle in Russi..a.
Approved For Release 2001If' DP78-00915R000100050004-1
 Approved For Release 2001/0812 - 78-009158000100050004-1
World Con rose (July-Au,-ust 192 ') adopted the
tlprcgroo1'' of Cn o intorn os dr,.ftoc' by Stalin. C-nfirning the
rovolu.tioni^ry end .-,loth C -S `f t'1. C ?nintorn, the program
was J:'.^.inly dd,csi4ned to )z ._';nizc Coointcrn doctrine end. strategy
with Stolint s the -)ry of "S ci'.Z1 S: 1n S11IL: 1o country 11 : Vile
i ?e of work?. r ov" luci_ a `ore best served by S .fo uo:cd111g the
socialist expert-1_o-_,.t in the 8-vict eI'iion, Tr 1slotod into proc-
ticc.l ter _s, this or.:1t ;rsanizoti',-_1^.1 anc' political suberdl l.~.ti .n
of the na ti ~nr.1 C u_:~ ,st Pertics to the r.:ruirenonts 'f the Suviot
Union foreign ;p''?licy. The C 1`''r ese ".lso executed e shorpswing to
the loft, c t1~ ..tizi_1 all Soci-_l-Dc-' ecrets es 1Soci:^.l F:escists"
with whom no culleh :re inn was p.,ssiblc,
The }"t'1 '1^rld Ct-s ress (jtu.ly-August 1935), loving to
the right, officiel_ly ^(' )pted the t'u.1i-t4cc" front" policy of
cooporoti ::,n with the i1 z-C _o_ ,ullist left enc'. tho libcr-`.ls which hod
alrcedy proved success in Prenco. In the face :-f the r:rr wing.
thre:.t ? .F,c.wca s: ^..10 I ^z sr?-~ the S,_curit-,\ f the USS'. bccer:e the
ti
doa,_ n,-.tip r; _'otivc (,f C r intorn tectics.
The vonth C ng ess w^_s th l ,,st 'ffi ciol athcr is g f
national sec ;i. on ropr:,sent.atives. Accd,rdi_ g' to officio,.]. Coi'lintern
scurces, 510 d.olc otes were present of this 1^ st Congress, 371 of
when hod c'CCisivQ votes, the rcr ^. _idcr .dvis pry votes only. 42
of the cie].c;; .tcs ,;,Toro 31-A40 years ld, 20.S 21-3i years old,
28.2% over 40. The bulb the c'c l c r.o t s (330) hc.d joined the
Party between 1917 ac'. 1028; 10/ bee ,.;c nombors after 1928-j
and only 53 (r-ll, RLu.ssi,c.:cs) hod j ?1_~.~d before 1917. Only 275 out
of the 510 (':elo etos were w.,rcers, but,, 21f -f the 371 decisive votes
wore held' by workers, thus ssicri 1` the pri5-'.er1 l,= ?ip_''o1otor ian`
complexion '?f t'_hc C:,_Zg,ress. T,c 'clog^.tos re rosontcd 65 :f the
76 ffili .t Ci. `ruupe (inclu(lin 19 'ioy--p-.thizingi1 rL- .11izetions) 9
26 '-,f those groups were the: ~cr .t _1 leg-.11y, end 50 illegally.
D. The i;xocutiv(. AjD )=etus.
The World C rgresscs t!.ac-,rcti=;ll- ''eloctec'_t? the personnel of
the inter:l :tion".l ho-cigv--rter s ,t-.ff uoic'1 '' `ST7_C?.CC the centr-.l1zod
direction end c oo cb :1 o.ti i1 oof the sections in the universal c-np.oiL n
of the war ~:C S S egei_.1St the eopi t-`.listic systor T liS
r-er? oon parluncC 1 C into 1 pr 'per --c ,se 1ti^11y 1'Cpr oseicted p:olicy_
1iaking end oxecut1VC-^'1.i":lists".tine steff ??h c"'?ntrolled. end. directed ti -lo
,Teti `11 cf the as 'ne secti _is, c.1-Un u,'1 in the sphere f ille hl
activity it 'to C directly in ~p-,liticel and subversive action to
the extent r: quired by the inability the sccti- nl s t, , C.rry out the
nr- is -; el re perticulerly, interned ,n^ 1 ecti on rocuired by n given
toctic^l situetim?11.
Tho constituent olo:: ants f the C-7_--intern hce.ciqu^.rtcrs n t only
present the cnx'ploxi.ty and ebsonce f cl?-aa.r dec.^.rc^.ti us -f ruth-rity ,and
function that w uld bQ -.nticipeted fr - world rcvoluti n_-.ry r`c.llizeti >n
to r Ling; -'n different levels f l(,galit T, but thou, e1s~ passed through
hist-'riee.l enizr.tion~l en'. perso-)n.nel c'ho 1Ues pr:-s ptec' by the ready
acieptebility of ^.11 C ~?u-list orgo iizotims in suiting structure to fit
need. Hr` ny a-acsti"ms of structure and fLncti^n, furthorp roc oin c'n-
fusec' ->r fr^.g lent '.r = sir'ply bee".t~se edocuato evidence roe.-.ins unovaile.ble
m c:'untless "'.S;poCts --f hceZc:uertors 1:'. ` ~1" '.C'.Cltl-^.rtorS-sect1 ?n ".ctivity--
in spite of twenty-five ye- ore of rr -~r': the syste by innur,.erablo police
^nc'. in'?elli;cnce ecncic; of the 'c-.pit.,.list'! w--rld.
Esc 14i 1~T, this ?1 .r.c'ru,rters Te1octcd?i by the 1 brld Congresses
c-'_-mprised' the Exeutiv'o G-, -:-c.ittcc of the C_ -onunist Int?rnr.tl Inal (ECCI),
the Intern^.ti^nal C ntr l C iesion (ICC), end their sub rdinate end
auxiliary e.gcncies. This c ~.plox is the subject of the fell wing
analysis.
Approved For Release 2001 /O Q - DP78-00915R000100050004-1
 Approved ForRelease.2001/0
DP78-00915R000100050004-1
, e ternat onal Control 1 orrimission.
The International Oontrol Commission, elected by the World
Congress, repY'esei.od the highest disciplinary and auditing agency of
the Comintern, and was empow6red
To investigate comp? ai ritsof party members who
had been disciplined by.their Central Committee;
b. To initiate such investigations without formal
complaint or upon request by the ECCI;
c. To audit the books of the Comintern,
The Commission was 6xpresdly forbidden to interfere in the
political, organizational or administrative conflicts occurring within
the sections of the Comintern.
IU,Extre..iely little information is available on the activities
of the VRC't. According to a report made at the Seventh World Congress,
the Commission was concerned from 1929 to 1931 with disciplinary cases
involving the leadership of the sections, while after 1931 it investi-
gated cases of "individual party members" only.
Before 1935 the ICC also n.ssisted the sections in "liquidating
the Trotzite elements" and "fought against the right deviators who
were idoolo:Li cally exposed but not organizationally smashed at the Sixth
World Coneress.ri It is unknown, however, how the ICC implemented this
police function.
From a financial report made by the ICC at the Seventh World
Congress, it appears that the :auditing activities of the Commission
covered only the overt aspects of Comintern finances. However, the
presence of the German Communist, Hugo Eborloin, on the ICC (1935) who
was a field supervisor for the Comintern's Finance Department (sea below)
points to the fact that the ICC was also concerned with the clandestine
aspects of Comintern finances.
In 1925, the ICC was composed of the following members:
A garotis, Alexander
(Lithuania)
Astrogilado
(Brazil)
Browder, Earl
(USA)
CachinI Marcel
(France)
Caennar, Edigio
(Italy)
Kabakchiov, Christo
(Bulr,(aria)
Koenig
(Germany)
.Kohn, 1 olix
(USSR)
Kreibich, iiarl
(Czechoslovak a)
Larson, A.ksel
(Denmark)
Murphy, J. T.
(Great Britain)
Pegelmann
(Estonia)
Fruchniak
(Poland)
Shofik
(Turkey)
Solz
(USSR)
Stirnor
(Mexico)
Stuchka, P. I.
(Latvia)
In 1935, the ICC was compos:,c o~ the following members:
Angaretis, Alexander
Anwelt, Jan
Chou ITo-Pin
Dgngel, Philipp
'borlein, Hugo
Fordi
Grzegorzewski
Iskrov (or Iskocov)
Approved For Release 2001/0
(Lithuania)
"(Born in Livonia)
(China)
(Germany)
(Germany)
"(Turkey)
(Poland)
P78-00915R000100050004-1
 Approved For Release 2001 /08/ - ; P78-00915R000100050004-1
Kerrigan, Peter
1ra.y ovs'_y
Maggi
Minor, Lazar
Mornmousscau, Gaston
Sonanaer, Knut
Shkiry^tov
Sirola, Yrjo
Smeral, Bohumir
Stassova, Helen
T skh0aya
Valetzki, G..
Walecki, H.
Approved For Release 2001/
(Great Britain)
(Poland)
(Italy)
(Poland)
R.L. (Fr ance)
(Sweden)
(Finland)
(Czechoslovakia)
(USSR)
(Georgia)
(Poland)
 Approved For Release 2001/08/ - P78-00915R000100050004-1
III. THE EXECUTIVE COHIIITTEE OF TH: COi ?` TIST INTEMATIO VAL (ECCI)*
A. Princive.l Function.
The ECCI was the central executive ency of the C i~intorn, en(!,
as such, the Actual inter: n :ti -innl center of the World party. It comprised
at one tie stiff f ^ppr xi __ntcly 500 n the ho:.,c?cuertcrs level in
Nesc',u, and ni,.ii:uu. of twice thet nunbor in field instolloti ms, i.e.,
in the nree.s of the n.ntional socti ris.
.A prelirlicnry essess_nont of ECCI functions cnn be ne_do from the
Coseintorn statutes thonsolvcs--ospecinlly th-?sc functi-ns concerned with
the political stocring end control if Vic nnti mel sections:
a. To ippr ,vc -r dis^ppr ,ve the political progr77s of the
soctinns. In case "'" the ECCI's refus.,_l to endorse pro .ren., the
section c `'ncerned On eppce.l to the World C^nc"ress.
,cy~' ~_hs (iircctivcs) t ~~
b, 1" issue Qlite-t, ry into the socti~-ns
f,r is _ c'.i^.to i lpleuontn.ti(n. The secti ni ca ^_ppoe.l geinst those direc-
tives to to W,,rld_ C m ross, but is ali ;ed to cerry then -,,,t pending the
r
cccisi~'in of the --lh` res,~.
c. To annul or oeend "ocesi
control cr)_-, .ittccs of the sections.
t he p .}?t,-T c h ;resscs end
d. To expel fz the 0 1 nter entire sccti Zs, groups :r
lnc iviMls wh violoto the 7 v`' r . & rules f the C i- intern, or the
decisin s of the World C,-Across Ono the ECCI.
o. T- Accept ^.ffili,ti'?n cf rEanizotions and parties
s"J "?pnth.etic t C oih_"' t accept the esi, netim of individuals
or Croups belonging t-tr_o C 'i7111 ern.
A T supervise the croeti ri if illegal eppe:rets on the
notional level.
C. To levy dues -n the sections.
The pri.zcipAl functi as ,f the ECCI wore, roughly equivalent to
those of . Control C erl .ittoc i the nnti -nel Party level. A netinne l
Control Corr-ittoc, with its overt and covert oxccutivo-,e,?. ;i'aistretive
'epperntus, controls the stretch is oni toctico.l actions of 711 rcjon^l,
soctienel, e A loco? tiler tints >f the P rty. Si n it .rly, the ECCI
oporetoi as an internetiecel Control C ,1 -: ittee controlling the netion:.l
Control Corrittecs ,f the sects _'?ns--wi Gh the obvious exception of the
Control C: nittoc of the Ccro.iuhist Party ..1 the Soviet Union (CPSU).
The Ce,.,intor-_-i occesi-oieily gels pains t stress the ir,certent roles
played by neechcrs ,f the n^ ti 'nel sect inns in its hoodcun-rtors ergo ni-
zeti on, but .ecth^l c -ntr ,l .,?^ s firmly oet^.blished in the bends of the
Control C re.ittec of the CPSU. This potent f e_et ins lei; .lizcc' by the
,f the C intern which state,_'. ta-.t "Ithe bulb , f the work end
statutes
responsibility in the ECCI lies with the perty f th^.-t c ?vntry where....
the Executive Co-.- ittee fin's its residence .... J Fr'n: its inception to
its extinction, the ECCI '._rod its hcodqunrtcrs in Nose?-:w.
An edditi-,ml "lcgel" hosis for the influence of the CPSU was
secured. thr-`ut h the stetut^ry r'eouire..e nt that ut -c the fifteen to
seventeen. decisive vc?tes in the ECCI five were to be reserved_ Y r the
Part;; in w4 m , grophicel Artie the ECCI was locate,'. Thus, an intor-
lockin" '.ircc toretc between the Ci 'mintorn ^nj the CPSIT w^ s created, and
ice fors -f the letter such As Stalin, i! enuilsky, Kuusinen, Lc'z vsbi,
?iolot.ov, Pic.r'i-uitzhy, Buluiorin, Zinoviov, end Radek, -'ccupiod key
p-sitiois in the C intern. hicrerchy.
A report by renc,_ode A:lcric .li C -~:.:uu: ist [ yes sc far As t clone that
* For list -f ECCI mer1ers fro'_-- 1919-1935, see Appendix B.
Approved For Release 2001/08/ 00915R000100050004-1
 Approved For Release 200if RDP78-00915R000100050004=1
4j. VON 1W-17
the actual or ^.nizat vn^.l i :.chin rTT f 11 u C nt ,rn was it one tune
controlled by n. "s. oIl coy asiissi .: ih co . ,red -!f Lhroo r orihers of the
CPSU -- Winuilsky, 11:uu.sinen, on Piati;.i_z].y -- which n.ccr rdinjy con-
stitutol top-level c : -::an'. r~r ?up inside the ECCI executive apparatus
such found ~ i '~l'.'ot ' e,_% P nlitburc -f several of the rnjor
( is is 1...J within ` t1i
Parties.
B. Gcncrol Structure.
Since the roin function of the ECCI wis thc.t f an internati--n.l
Central C .rr-.ittoe, its structure cl oeJo -.o`,.r.allclod the custor my (p-,st-
1924) rE.onizoti an mf n. noti oeol Central C ,,ooittoc. The followin, com-
pnrison of the ECCI ;nd the Control Executive C pritteo of the CPSU mkos
this cruivaloncc door:
Cent ; C . ?:.ittce,. CP$U ECCI
Electoj by All-Union Party Con; ;rosy
Executive po'nor c -nccntroted in
Gaatro. Co1::iittec
Policy-rnkin functions disch,orgorl
thin-ugh
Politburocu
Or;bureou
Secretariat
Electe by World Contros
Executive p:wor c ncentratcd
in ECCI
Policy-znkin functions c'is-
chnrp:cj throu l Praosidiur.i
which operates throur,h
P"litic7l Commission
Orr_bureau
Secretariat
Disciplinary control 2int7ine-1
thr~ugh P ty C+ntrol , Vissiol
Q A'.itini C nr. ission
Control of propaganda through Ar-:it-
prop Dc ^.rtmont
Organizational c :ntrnl f sub .rcdi-
note P--_.rty units through Ol ggn z_-
t' c'. Instructs ri Dcn r tr_!cnt
now Dopartne t for Checking Party
Organs)
Control of Party pers,.,n.ncl and
Party security thr-ugh Cadre
Doln.rtiacnt
Control of political intelligence
concerning sub- rc'_i.nate Party uAts
through I. r ,.gr ati m Soct an (now
under Org .zizatinn and Instruct-
ion Dcportrunt)
Control of government and au iliary
mass organizations'through Pclit-
bu,u
Disciplinary and auditing con-
trol naintnincci through Inter-
n:,tional Control Corm fission
C ntrol ..,f pr-,p^ ganda through
ALitrr Dc oartnent
Orr ani znti nil control of
sections through Organization
Den rr~ tent
Coontr-,5l --f pc sonnol and of
security f sections through
Cadre DopartEent
Control of political intelli,e
Bence concerning sections
through Information De ap rtment
Control of auxiliary inter-
national mass organizations
through Praesidium
Individual elements of the ECCI structure are, however, not
duplicated in the conventional Central Committee pattern. The maintenance
of international liaison was clearly a mono] ly of the ECCI. and was concen-
trated on the clandestine level, in the International Liaison Section
(OPS). The establishment of permanent bureaus in the areas of the
sections, as 'Tell as the despatch of representatives and instructors,
were also prerogatives of the ECCI. In general, however, the ECCI
machine was a replica of any Central Committee, and conversely, the
principal departments of the sections' Central Committees were inter-
national extensions of ECCI departments.
C . Theme Plenum.
Like the national Central Committee, the ECCI was not a permanent
body, but convened periodically in plenary ani enlarged plenary sessions
of which thirteen have come to notice during the period between 1919
Approved For, Release - 78-00915R000100050004-1
 Approved For Release 2001(8/,29:rCIA-RDP78-00915R000100050004-1
and 1935. fletween sessions, -the work
permanent a~.encies (see below) the ':o
rule, staffed with ECCI members,
of the ECCI was carried on by its
positions of which wore, as a
As a committee sittin_,_ in occasional plenary sessions, the LCCI
simply .r. opresontod an assembly of Communists who played a leading role in
their national sections. I~ ombershiip in the LCCI was not shrouded in
secrecy, and the Comintern and Party press normally inublished the names of
electedd, members who, with the c .cen-ntion of delegates from. illegal parties,
used no cover naves to obscure their identity.
The "theses',' and ttresolutionstt arrived at in these sessions sup-
plc nentod the theoretical and. programmatic decisions of the World Con-
gresses and. ,:Toro, although general in nature, bind.in for all echelons of
the Comintern. Through thorn the Comintern stratc ists expressed their
authoritative appraisal of t ho, conflicting forces in the political world
arena. After a N rst period of !;acute revolutionary situations" which
was concluded with the defeat of the proletariat in Germany and other
countries (1923), the Plenum acknowledged an "offensive of capital",
the end of irmediate revolutionary situations in Europe, and the shift-
ing, of the ?; rcvo_l_utionary ?aavett to the colonial countries. Py 1929, after
a period. of '' ca.p italist .-;construction'' the tirelative stabilization of
capitalism.' became the pronounced basis of Communist strategy. In 1930,
however, the Tenth Plenum announced that because of the crisis in the
United States the pace of revolutionary developments would increase.
The Eleventh Plenum (April 1931) found that "because of the deepening
of the economic crisis and the increasing; chances for a revolutionary
crisis in a series' of countries" the dan er of an armed intervention
against the USSR had increased, and described the primary tar'., of the
sections as the prevention of a war against the Soviet Union, especially
through the conquest of the Socialist-led and. therefor. e Ypro-bourgeois
working class (''united front from below"). In 1932, thel Twelfth Plenum
announced the "end of capitalist stabiliz,,.ti on" and ac'-noirlcdgcd an
"upsurge of revolutionary activities'' in various countries, noting,
however, the abso.nce of immediate revolutionary situations and placing
emphasis on the necessity of preventin a war against the Soviet Union
by smashing the influence of the Social Democrats and b`;r popularizing
the Soviet Union.
It is perfectly clear that such general pronouncements as these
were not sufficient to give the sections aciec;untc tactical direction.
The theses and. resolutions of both the World Congress and the ECCI Plenum
constituted compendia of basic iuidanco for the sections. The precise
and practical diroctio_i of the sections, however, emanated from the
permanent political steeri g: ag;e:r.-,c:ios of the ECCI--the actual managerial
board of the Comintern.
P. ThPermanent Ap ncics.
The permanent working departments and a oncies of the ECCI
carried out a vast assortment of assignments and functions which can very
roughly be separated into political-pr. op^jLsnd^ direction and subversive
action. ITo clear-cut differentiations of these two ca teg-:ories of
activity can be made, :nor d.ic. individual departments and sub-agencies of
the ECCI confine their activities ;rcrh sively to one or the other field.
In broa(1 terms, however, the politic-.l direction w^.s carried out pri-
marily on a legal, i.o., public or overt basis, thou a1_ illegal or
clandestine elements wore often directly involved, while the executive
work on subversive ^action abroad. (financing, sabotage, espionage,
revolutiona.rty action) was naturally protected by rigid security measures.
The primary ECCI a.u_:neics concerned. With political direction were the
Prc esicliunr, the Politic.a.l Commission and. Organisation Dure,au, the
Political Secr. et^.r. i ..at, and. the Sectional Soc,rotariats. Thu primary action
or'action-service agencies of the ECCI comprised the Organization (later
Cscow which operated through a Bureau, composed of representa-
tives fror. the national sections and from the Comintern, Prof intern, Young
Communist International and the International Women's Secretariat of 'tho
ECQI. Under the main bureau operated regional bureaus, i.e'., a bureau in
Berlin with jurisdiction over Sportintorn affairs in Germany, England,
France, Holland, Belgium, Finlar_O., Scandinavia, Austria and Luxemburg;
and a, bureau in Prague for Czechoslovakia, Italy, Yugoslavia, Poland, the
B, alkan countries, and North America. The two latter bureaus were probably
wiped out of ter 19'33.
The national sections (sport federations) of the Sportintcrn
wore organized as auxiliaries of the sections and were controlled by the
respective parties and sections of. the YCI.
Approved For Release 200100-1 DP78-00915R000100050004-1
- 53
 Approved For Release 2001 RDP78-00915R000100050004-1
The fu;ictinr. of the Sportintorn was not only propagandistic,
but was conceived as a potential action component of class struggle which
riocossito.ted the training of militant and _ilitary leaders. The Central
Institi:).to for Physical: Culture in Moscow assisted in the training of neribors
of the n?ati-nnl sections of the Sportintern.
7. International Union of Proletarian Froethinkors (IPF). Practi-
ca.lly a.n extension of the Union of Militant Atheists of Soviet Russia under
E. Yareslavski, the TPF was an instrument of "revolutionary atheism". The
or .'.ni.zaation was established in 1925 in Berlin, where it had its headquarters
until 1932. In 1934, the IPF claimed branches in twenty-four countries out-
side of Se7,riet Russia--sixteen in Europe, four in Americo, three in Asia, and
one in Australia.
S, IntornantionaLJuridical Association. Organized by the German
Communist -atria , aged Appal and 1ristz L