COMMUNISM A STUDY OF THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF JOURNALISTS (IOJ)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-00915R000400220001-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 79
• Document Creation Date: November 17, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 8, 1998
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: June 1, 1955
• Content Type: REPORT

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25X1A2g
FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE
Intelligence Aid
COMMUNISM
A STUDY OF THE
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF
JOURNALISTS (IOJ)
June 1955 COPY No
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INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF JOURNALISTS (IOJ)
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Page
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IT
I. History of the IOJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
II. Soviet Direction of the IOJ and Possible Use for Espionage
Purposes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
III. Headquarters and Organizational Structure of the IOJ . . . . 19
IV. IOJ Finances - International Solidarity Fund . . . . . . . . 21
V. Activities of the IOJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
VI. Relations with the United Nations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
VII. Members of the Executive Bureau of the IOJ and Biographic
Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
VIII. National Affiliates of the IOJ . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 45
IX. Check List of Journalists Participating in IOJ Activities. 59
Appendix: Membership of the Initiating Committee for a Board
International Meeting of Journalists . . . . . 77
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The International Organization of Journalists (IOJ), after a period
of several years of waning influence and activity, has, within the past
year, given evidence that it intends to pursue a far more active role a-
mong journalists of the world than it has in the past.
Indicative of this have been the following events:
1. Election of a new Secretary General.
2. Decision to hold a Congress (2 years overdue).
3. Establishment of an International Solidarity Fund to aid
"persecuted" journalists.
4. Re-application to the UNESCO for Consultative Status.
5. Planning of an international meeting of journalists.
6. Discussion of the establishment of an international institute
of journalism.
7. Publication of a new monthly organ in five languages.
The fact that the new IOJ publication is now printed in Spanish
indicates that Latin America will be among the areas of increased activity.
This view is further borne out by the report that Chilean and Brazilian
representatives attended the most recent meeting of the Executive Com-
mittee of the IOJ. Neither of these two countries have been identified
with the activities of the IOJ in the past.
There is also evidence that countries of the Middle East will come 25X1C10 b
in for greater attention by the IOJ. _
Recipients of this study are requested to forward to headquarters
all pertinent material relating to the IOJ so that the examination of
the IOJ begun in this study may be continued.
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The International Organization of Journalists (IOJ), not to be con-
fused with the non-Communist International Federation of Journalists, is
an international Communist-front organization whose membership is composed
of professional journalists in various parts of the world, principally in
the U.S.S.R. and the "People's Democracies."
Although originally conceived of as a nonpolitical organization the
IOJ soon fell under Communist influence and control and since 1947 has
been used as an instrumentality of Soviet propaganda.
The professed aims of the IOJ--freedom of the press, promotion of
international friendship and'understanding through free interchange of
information, promotion of trade unionism among journalists, support of
"persecuted" journalists--have been-consistently distorted by the IOJ to
support Communist objectives and to promote the Communist concept of the
role of the press and other matters affecting freedom of information,
responsibility of journalists, etc.
At the same time the IOJ has sought to stigmatize the press of Western
countries as being in the hands of capitalist monopolies which forced
journalists to glorify war and incite animosity and distrust among nations,
and which did not permit journalists to express their own opinions on war,
peace, freedom, and slavery.
On the other hand, the IOJ has completely evaded the issue of govern-
ment control and censorship over the press in Communist countries, or else
has characterized it as a press responsible to the people and engaged in
the promotion of peace.
The IOJ was founded in June 1946 in Copenhagen at the World Congress
of Journalists. It was an outgrowth of the prewar International Federation
of Journalists (founded 1926) and the wartime Journalists of Allied or
Free Countries, both of which met and then formally dissolved immediately
preceding the Congress. One hundred and ten representatives from the
following countries took part in the Congress: Australia, Belgium, Czech-
oslovakia, Denmark, Finland, Greece, France, Iceland, the Netherlands, New
Zealand, Norway, Peru, Poland,. South Africa, Sweden, Turkey, the United
Kingdom, the U.S.A., and Yugoslavia. The U.S.S.R. was represented by
David ZASLAVSKY of Pravda and Red Army correspondent ZURKOV, fnu, but was
not formally a member.
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The provisional constitution of the IOJ adopted by the Congress did
not disclose any political objectives, but limited the aims of the organ-
ization to those which were the legitimate concern of journalists, name-
ly:
1. The protection of freedom of the press and of journalists, and
the defense of the public's right to accurate information.
2. The promotion of international friendship and understanding
through free exchange of information.
3. The promotion of trade unionism among journalists.
The provisional constitution also stipulated that the IOJ would be
composed of national organizations of working journalists whc subscribed
to trade union principles, with only one organization from each country
eligible for membership.
Headquarters of the. IOJ were temporarily established in London, and
Archibald KENYON of the British National Union of Journalists was named
President, with Keith BEAN of Australia as Secretary General.
The following were elected as Vice Presidents:
U.S.A.: Milton MURRAY of the American Newspaper Guild
Norway: Tor GJESDAL
France: Eugene MOREL
U.S.S.R.: SVERLOF (Probably Alexander SVERLOF of Tass)
The election of SVERLOF was apparently done in the expectation that
the U.S.S.R. would fulfill membership requirements.
The 21d Congress of the IOJ took place in Prague.3-6 June 1947, and
was attended by 250 journalists representing more than 25 countries. The
Soviet delegation was composed of SVERLOF, Pave] YUDIN, AlexeiSURKOV, and
the delegation head, David ZASLAVSKY (ZASLAVSKIY).
The stated purpose of the Congress was to discuss freedom of the
press, to work out principles and means of protection of freedom of infor-
mation, and to make plans for a new constitution.
The attitude of the U.S.S.R. at the Congress at first threatened to
disrupt the organization. Although it had been represented at the founda-
tion congress in Copenhagen, the U.S.S.R. was not a member of the IOJ and
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had not responded to invitations to make its position clear. ZASLAVSKY
explained that the Soviet Union had looked upon itself as a member by
reason of its attendance at the Copenhagen Congress, and gave assurances
that thereafter it would fulfill all the obligations connected with mem-
bership. The U.S.S.R. was accordingly recognized as a full member of the
IOJ without further negotiation.
By taking advantage of the lack of preparation and indifference of
their opponents, the Communist bloc was able to maneuver itself into a
position of control from this point on.
The entire conference was marked by stormy debates and bitter
wrangling on every issue. Even the applications for membership of in-
dividual countries caused many arguments.
In the final result the applications for membership of Bulgaria,
Hungary, Palestine, the Philippines, Rumania, Venezuela, and the exiled
Spanish Republican journalists (with'headquarters in Paris), were ap-
proved. The applications of Egypt and Iran were referred to the Execu-
tive Committee for further negotiation.
There was also a wide divergence of opinion on the meaning of freedom
of the press. Thus, the resolution on press freedom which was proposed
at the Copenhagen Congress and adopted unanimously at the Prague Congress
declared that freedom of the press is a fundamental principle of. democracy
and urged journalists to do their utmost to resist any measures to curb
freedom of the press. At the same time, however, it put the conference
on record as recognizing that
" ... press freedom can never be fully assured while news-
papers, news agencies, and broadcasting systems are solely
in the hands of individuals or private monopolies. with no
responsibility to the people ...
The fact that the resolution obtained a favorable vote from the
non-Communists at the Congress is another glaring instance of how ineptly
the Western point of view had been presented in the IOJ.
Also discussed during the Congress was the affiliation of the IOJ
with the World Federation of Trade Unions, but no agreement was reached.
One of the amendments to the constitution of the IOJ sought to change
the system of voting from one vote per country to a proportional system
of 1 vote for-each 1,000 members, with a maximum of 10 votes. The Com-
munist bloc was able to forestall this effort, which would have given them
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less weight in all IOJ deliberations, and it was finally decided to defer
a decision on the matter until the next IOJ Congress, which was to take
place in Brussels in 1949.
The Congress also decided to transfer the headquarters and funds of
the IOJ to Prague.
Election of new officers produced the following results:
President: Archibald KENYON (Great Britain)
Vice President: Milton MURRAY (U.S.) (Later succeeded by Harry
MARTIN. of the American
Newspaper Guild)
Eugene MOREL (France)
Pavel YUDIN (U.S.S.R.)
Gunnar NIELSON (Denmark)
Secretary General: Jiri HRONEK (Czechoslovakia)
As a result of the Prague Congress the IOJ emerged with its key posi-
tion (the secretary generalship), its headquarters, and a majority vote
in the hands of the Communists.
The Congress accomplished little in the way of practical achievement.
At the conclusion of the Congress Milton MURRAY charged that the IOJ had
been brought completely under Soviet domination and expressed doubt that
it could function freely enough in the future to ensure a free press.
Similar views were expressed by Archibald KENYON, who stated: "We have
seen at this conference maneuvers which are a disgrace to democracy. We
have sat here four days and accomplished nothing. If that is the way the
organization is going to be conducted, then the sooner we breakup the
better."
On 21 June 1947 the International Executive Board of the American
Newspaper Guild announced that it had voted to withold per capita pay-
ments to the IOJ until at least 1948, as a result of the report received
from Milton MURRAY concerning Soviet domination of the IOJ.
On 1 July 1947 the headquarters of the IOJ was physically transferred
from London to Prague III, Lutzowova 5.
On 23-24 February 1948 the Executive Committee of the IOJ met in Brus-
sels. The meeting was attended by representatives from the U.S.A., Austria,
Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Greece, Hungary, the Netherlands, Poland,
Rumania, Bulgaria, Great Britain, and Spain (exiles).
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The primary purpose of this meeting was to formulate plans for IOJ
participation in the United Nations Conference on Freedom of Information
tQ be held in Geneva on 23 March 1948, and for which the IOJ had been in-
vited to undertake preparatory work.
Other items of the agenda included:
1. Affiliation of the IOJ with the World Federation of Trade Unions
(WFTU).
2. Incorporation of the International Radio Journalists' Federation
into the IOJ.
3. Procedure for protecting journalists.
The Executive Committee decided to send four representatives from
the IOJ to attend the Geneva conference, and prepared a list of proposals
to be submitted. (See Section VI.)
In connection with the affiliation of the IOJ with the WFTU, the
Executive Committee instructed Jiri HRONEK, IOJ Secretary General, to
obtain further information on the method of affiliation. HRONEK sub-
sequently reported-that the WFTU had advised that it was not contemplating
setting up a-trade department for journalists, but that possibly the IOJ
could be included in one of the other trade departments to begin func-
tioning soon. (Note: While the IOJ "cooperates" with the WFTU, it has not
become affiliated with it.)
The Executive Committee decided against the incorporation of the
International Radio Journalists' Federation into the IOJ, and apparently
gave no serious consideration to the procedures to be adopted for .the
protection of journalists, the remaining item on the agenda.
The next meeting of the Executive Committee of the IOJ took place in
Budapest on 16-18 November 1948 and was attended by representatives of ap-
proximately 16 countries, with Eastern. European countries being in the
majority. Representatives from the U.S.S.R. included Pavel YUDIN and
David ZASLAVSKY. Greece refused to attend.
The proposed agenda for this meeting included the following items:
1. Report by the Secretary General on activities of the IOJ.
2. A complaint filed by the American Newspaper Guild against the
Secretary General, together with a proposal to transfer the head-
quarters of the IOJ from Prague.
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3. Proposal against "warmongering" in the press.
it. Protection of "persecuted, progressive" journalists.
5. International exchange of journalists.
Item No. 2 of the proposed agenda had been submitted by Harry MARTIN,
President of the American Newspaper Guild, who charged Jiri HRONEK with
participating in and approving the purge of Czech journalists (during
the coup) and questioned whether funds of the IOJ were safe in Prague.
At the meeting, however, MARTIN did not demand the inclusion of this
item and it was not included in the formal agenda.
The meeting accomplished little in the way of practical results due
to the acute political differences which arose between East and West, and
the discussions which took place only accentuated these differences.
An unsuccessful attempt was made to eliminate the questions of op-
position to "warmongering" in the press and opposition to the "persecution"
of "progressive" journalists. MARTIN requested that these questions be
postponed until the 3d Congress, while the British delegate objected to
the discussion of these questions on the ground that they were political
questions and that the IOJ should not deal with politics but confine it-
self to trade union matters.
Despite these efforts, and over the objection of the American, Brit-
ish, Belgian, Dutch, and Swedish delegates, all of whom withdrew from the
discussions, the Executive Committee passed a strongely worded resolution
on warmongering which had been submitted by the Polish delegate, Joseph
KOWALCZYK. As a result Harry MARTIN withdrew from the conference.
This resolution, which branded a number of American and other jour-
nalists as "foul warmongers" who had sold their pens to the newspaper
monopolies and had used the sacred right of freedom of the press to the
detriment of humanity, stated the following:
"The world has been living during the last few years
in an atmosphere of steadily increasing anxiety and ten
sion caused by the war of nerves or 'cold war' which is
led with growing and irresponsible ruthlessness by the capi-
talist groups of Western countries.
"The Executive Committee thinks ... that a paramount
role is played by powerful news agencies and press organs
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wielded by capitalist press monopolies. By means of false
information, calumnies and open instigation to 'atomic war,'
they foment a war psychosis ... .
"This war propaganda hays attained its climax in the
United States, Turkey, and The Netherlands, where in col-
umns of daily newspapers open appeals to war can be read
and where false and tendentious information and calumnies
directed against the USSR and people's democracies are the
usual method of informing people about life in the latter
countries."
The resolution also called upon the national organizations to expel
from their ranks those journalists who "have soiled themselves with prop-
aganda for war, racial and national hatred, misinformation and slander."
A Hungarian resolution on the "persecution of progressive" jour-
nalists was also adopted in the same manner. This resolution demanded
an investigation of the murder of George POLK, and protested the mistreat-
ment of such "progressive" journalists and writers as Howard FAST, Gerhardt
EISLER and John GATES in the United States, Marino GLEZAS in Greece, and
the suppression of "progressive" newspapers in Austria.
The Executive Committee adopted the proposal for an international
exchange of journalists, and also observed that the IOJ had hitherto
waged an insufficiently active struggle for peace.
The net result of this meeting was that instead of promoting inter-
national cooperation among journalists, it only succeeded in increasing
friction.
The next meeting of the Executive Committee took place in Prague
on 17-19 September 1949, and was presided over by Pavel YUDIN of the
U.S.S.R.
The primary purpose of the meeting was to prepare for the 3d Congress
of the IOJ, scheduled to take place in Brussels 5-7 December 1949. The
Executive Committee decided that as a result of nonpayment of dues the
American Newspaper Guild had placed itself outside the ranks of the in-
ternational organization and would have no voice in the forthcoming Con-
gress, or proposals concerning the agenda. It also adopted a Hungarian
resolution to expel Yugoslavia at the Congress.
Another decision was to invite tc the forthcoming IOJ Congress rep-
resentatives of the World Peace Movement and other "progressive" international
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organizations. The text of an appeal to all journalists in connection
with International Peace Day (2 October 1949) was also adopted.
Without referring to the Congress of the IOJ, as provided by its
statutes, the Executive Committee accepted for membership journalists'
unions from Albania, the "liberated" areas of China, the Eastern Zone
of Germany, and "democratic" Greece.
All those who spoke at the meeting condemned what was described as
attempts of leaders of the American Newspaper Guild and the British Na-
tional Union of Journalists directed towards splitting the IOJ, and em-
phasized that the leaders of these organizations had gone over to the
service of the instigators of a new world war.
This Executive Committee meeting was apparently called without the
prior knowledge of its President, Archibald KENYON, and he subsequently
declined to attend the meeting, describing it as a "political maneuver."
KENYON resigned from the IOJ and with him the British National Union of
Journalists.
In his letter of resignation to Jiri HRONEK, Secretary General of
the IOJ, KENYON stated:
"The so-called World Peace Movement is universally
known to be inspired and organized by the Cominform and
their adherents in various guises.
"To bring it into the IOJ is to destroy the only pos-
sible basis of cooperation among journalists representing
in democratic countries a press in which all sorts of po-
litical opinion can be freely expressed and, in the party
dictatorship countries, a press which reflects only a com-
pulsory unanimity of political opinion.
"The Executive Committee having agreed to take part in
a political movement and thus use the IOJ as a party pup-
pet, I must dissociate myself completely from this degrada-
tion of principle and purpose."
One of the original purposes of the IOJ was to promote international
cooperation among journalists in matters which affected their professional
interests. This had been an important factor in maintaining unity in the
organization in the face of mounting tension on political issues which
came to pervade its proceedings.
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By the latter part of 1949, if not before, it was apparent that the
IOJ had lost its original character as an international trade union body
of journalists and. had become an organ, of Communist propaganda.
The non-Communist affiliates of the IOJ were therefore left with no
alternative but to withdraw from the organization. Following the resigna-
tion of the British National Union of Journalists an exodus of non-Com-
munist affiliates took place, leaving the IOJ as an organization composed
almost exclusively of Communists and fellow travelers and with a virtual
monopoly of the international representation of journalists. Several
years were to elapse before a new, non-Communist international organization
of journalists was created.
By the end of 1949 national journalist organizations from the fol-
lowing countries had left the IOJ: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Great
Britain, Greece, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Iceland, the United
States, and Finland (Finnish Journalists' Association). Yugoslavia with-
drew prior to its formal expulsion, whereas Australia had disaffiliated
as early as April 1948. On the other hand, Israel did not withdraw until
1952.
The 3d Congress of the IOJ was not held in Brussels in 1949, as
previously planned, due to the withdrawal of the Belgian Journalists'
Union, which had extended the invitation at the Prague Congress in 1947.
The Congress was rescheduled to be held in Paris in March 1950 with
the CGT Syndicat National des Journalistes as hosts. However, protests
by the non-Communist journalist unions of France led the French govern-
ment to decline the issuance of visas to Jiri HRONEK, Secretary General
of the IOJ, and other delegates from Satellite countries, and again the
Congress was postponed.
The 3d Congress was finally held in Helsinki on 15-17 September 1950..
Host organization for the Congress was the General Newspapermen's Union
of Finland, composed exclusively of Communist and Communist-front jour-
nalists. The Finnish Journalists' Association, which withdrew from the
IOJ at the same time as other free newspaper groups, did not participate
in the Congress.
The Congress was attended by 62 delegates and guests, which included
representatives of the World Congress of Partisans of Peace, World Federa-
tion of Trade Unions, World Federation of Democratic Youth, Women's Inter-
national Democratic Federation, and the International Union of Students.
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The following countries were represented:
Albania
German Democratic Republic
Nigeria
Algeria
Great Britain
Norway
Austria
Hungary
Poland
Belgium
Iceland
Rumania
Bulgaria
India
Spain (exiles)
China
Iran
Sweden
Cyprus
Italy
Union of South Africa
Czechoslovakia Korea
U.S.S.R.
Finland
Mongolia
Vietnam
France
Netherlands
West Africa
George WHEELER, former U.S. citizen who asked the Czechoslovak
government for asylum in April 1950, was presented as the U.S. delegate
although there appears to be no newspaper experience in his record to
justify his claim to speak for American journalists.
Effective Soviet direction of the Congress, which resembled a "Peace
Congress" rather than a meeting of professional men, was exercised by
the delegates Boris BURKOV and David ZASLAVSKY.
The agenda for the Congress included the following items:
1. Report of the Secretary General.
2. Tasks of democratic journalists in the fight for peace.
3. The moral and material conditions of journalists in various
countries.
4. Change in statutes.
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One of the first acts of the Congress was to admit to membership in
the organization the Vietnam Journalists' Union, the Free Journalists of
Democratic Korea, and the Journalists' Union of the Mongolian People's
Republic.
The Congress also endorsed the participation of the IOJ in the
Partisans of Peace Movement, and launched a bitter attack on journalists'
organizations in capitalist countries, which they accused of having
sabotaged the work of the IOJ, and, when exposed, having proceeded to an
open schism.
The Congress protested the persecution of "honest" journalists and
pledged itself to do everything to liberate its imprisoned colleagues.
The Executive Committee was instructed to study the creation of an in-
ternational fund for the aid of persecuted journalists. "Democratic"
journalists were called upon to struggle against the instigators of a new
war, and war propaganda, and the Executive Committee and Secretariat
were charged with the preparation of a black list of warmongers.
In other actions Yugoslavia was formally expelled, and the Executive
Committee was instructed to reconsider the raising of dues and to re-
determine the assessment of different organizations,
Changes in the statutes were also voted on. The preamble of the
new statutes stated that the main aim of the IOJ was the struggle for
peace all over the world, and for a better future for humanity, and to
attain this end the IOJ would cooperate with other international organiza-
tions which fight for peace. Those enumerated were the Peace Movement,
World Federation of Trade Unions, Women's International Democratic Federa-
tion, World Federation of Democratic Youth, and the International Union
of Students.
The aims and tasks of the IOJ as outlined in the new statutes are
as follows:
1. The maintenance of peace and the broadening of friendship among
the peoples, as well as international understanding through free,
accurate, honest informing of public opinion. The struggle
against the spreading of war psychosis and war propaganda, against
fascist propaganda of any sort, against national or racial hatred,
and against the creation of international tension by means of
falsehoods and calumnies.
2. The protection of freedom of the press and of journalists against
the influence of monopolies and financial groups. The defense of
awp"rro
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the right of each journalist to write according to his conscience
and conviction. The protection of the rights of colonial peoples
and of national minorities to publish in their native language.
Support to journalists who have been persecuted for having taken
up their pens in defense of peace, progress, justice, and the
liberty and independence of their country.
3. The protection of all journalists' rights. The struggle for
bettering material conditions of their existence.. The gathering
and dissemination of all information concerning the living con-
ditions of journalists in all countries (collective agreements,
salaries, right to organize, etc.). Support for the trade union
movement in the struggle for journalists' union demands.
4. The protection of the people's right to receive free and honest
information, the struggle against falsehood, calumnies, and
systematic misinformation by the press, as well as against every
form of journalistic activity in the service of individuals or
particular groups of society whose interests are contrary to
those of the working masses.
Another change in the statutes involved membership in the IOJ. Pre-
viously, membership in the IOJ had been restricted to national organiza-
tions of journalists. However, the new statutes permitted membership not
only of national organizations of journalists, but also of national groups
and individual members. Presumably this change in the statutes was adopted
to counteract the effect of the large loss of membership in the IOJ oc-
casioned by the withdrawal of the non-Communist affiliates, and also to
enable the IOJ to secure representation in countries where it did not
have organized national affiliates.
Elections of new officers by the Congress produced the following
results:
President: Jean-Maurice HERMANN (France)
Vice Presidents: Konstantin SIMONOV (U.S.S.R.)
HU Ch'iao-mu (Communist China)
Josef KOWALCZYK (Poland)
K. M. RYDBERG (Finland)
Doudou GUEYE (West Africa) (In prison at
the time)
Secretary General: Jiri HRONEK (Czechoslovakia)
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Places were left open for one vice president each from.the United
States and Great Britain, to be filled at a later date.
The new president, Jean M. HERMANN, in the name of the French dele-
gation invited the IOJ to hold its next Congress in 1952 in Paris.
On the morning following the close of the Congress the Executive
Committee of the IOJ met to act on organizational tasks which resulted
from the resolutions of the Congress. The Executive Committee also de-
cided on an Editorial Board for the IOJ'publication. Jiri HRONEK was
appointed editor-in-chief, with Josef KLANSKY, also of Czechoslovakia,
as secretary.
In about February 1951 the headquarters of the IOJ was moved from
Lutzowova 5 to Opletalova 21, Prague II.
On 2 March 1951 the Bureau of the IOJ convened in Berlin. The
principal discussion appears to have concerned ways and means of imple-
menting the decisions of the World Peace Council. Apparently no decisions
were reached, for it was decided to refer the subject to the next meeting
of the Executive Committee.
The next meeting of the Executive Committee took place in Budapest
on 10-12 May 1951. The dominant theme of the meeting was that the task
of all honest journalists was the struggle for peace, and a resolution
supporting the peace campaign was passed. The President of the IOJ,
Jean-Maurice HERMANN, stated that in accordance with the resolution a
list of journalists guilty of incitement to war would be published.
The delegates were called upon to draw up such lists for their respective
countries and to forward them to the Secretary General. (There is no
evidence that such a list was ever published.)
From this time until the fall of 1953 the IOJ appears to have been
dormant. The 4th Congress, originally scheduled to take place in Paris
in 1952, did not take place, although IOJ statutes call for a Congress
to be held every 2 years. During this same period the Secretary General
of the IOJ, Jiri HRONEK, apparently fell into disfavor for reasons which
are not presently clear.
In October 1953 the IOJ began to show signs of'rejuvenation. A
meeting of the Executive Committee was held in Prague on 7-9 October at
which representatives of 12 countries were reported to have attended.
Among those present were:
Jean-Maurice HERMANN (France)
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Jaroslav KNOBLOCH (Czechoslovakia)
NGUYEN Thanh Le (Vietnam)
K. M. SIMONOV (U.S.S.R.)
D. F. KRAMINOV (U.S.S.R.)
LI Chung-Chi (Communist China)
Leuben VELEV (Bulgaria)
Shevket MUSARAI (Albania)
During the session questions concerning the organization were dis-
cussed, including the question of issuing an IOJ bulletin in five lan-
guages. All speakers stressed that in the past 2 years the organiza-
tion had contributed little to strengthening cooperation among journalists
of various countries.
Various decisions were made aimed at making the IOJ more effective
as an organization which "unites democratic journalists of many countries
of the world who fight for peaceful cooperation, for a dignified and
honest practice of the profession of journalism."
The Executive Committee issued an appeal to journalists of all coun-
tries which emphasized the great responsibility of journalists to mankind,
the possibilities of peaceful coexistence, and the hope that the horrors
of a new world war can be averted. The appeal further invited journalists
of all countries to cooperate closely for the realization of these noble
principles.
To serve this purpose the IOJ would help to make possible visits of
journalists of all countries to other countries, as well as the exchange
of information.
The Executive Committee also issued a protest against the persecution
of journalists for "truthful" reporting which aimed at the lessening of
international tension. The protest stated that journalists who endeavor
to give true and objective information are entitled to expect support for
their personal and professional rights. It added that such journalists
would be fully supported by the IOJ, which had established for this pur-
pose an "international fund of solidarity."
In other actions the Executive Committee elected Jaroslav KNOBLOCH
of Czechoslovakia to succeed Jiri HRONEK as the new Secretary General of
the IOJ, and decided to call the 4th Congress of the IOJ for the first
half of 1954.
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This Congress (2 years overdue) was originally scheduled to be held
in Sofia in May 1954. The IOJ subsequently announced that the Congress
had been postponed for "technical" reasons. No information is presently
available as to when and where the Congress will take place.
In November 1953 the IOJ began publishing a new monthly organ, en-
titled The Democratic Journalist, in five languages (French, German,
English, Russian, and Spanish), with Jaroslav KNOBLOCH as the responsible
editor. During this same month Spanish-language editions of this publica-
tion appeared in Panama, having been mailed by the IOJ in Prague to a
number of Panamanian newspapers, including some that had been defunct
for many years.
The next (and most recent) meeting of the Executive Committee of the
IOJ took place in Budapest on 15-17 October 1954, and was attended by
representatives of journalists' organizations from the U.S.S.R., Communist
China, France, Finland, German Democratic Republic, Poland, Czechoslovakia,
Rumania, Bulgaria, Mongolia, Hungary, and by several Austrian, Danish,
Chilean, Brazilian, and Indian journalists.
The principal item on the agenda concerned the preparation for an
international meeting of journalists, and for this purpose a special
committee was appointed to make the arrangements.
The Executive Committee. also authorized the IOJ Secretariat and the
National Federation of Hungarian Journalists to examine the desirability
of eventually establishing an "international institute of journalism,"
and to submit the matter for further discussion at the next meeting of
the Executive Committee. Presumably, this institute would be located in
Hungary if established.
In addition, the Executive Committee passed resolutions regarding
an increase in the exchange of news, and the strengthening of the Asian
and Latin American journalists' movements.
The first indication that an international meeting of journalists
was contemplated by the IOJ (the first in its history) occurred in August
1954 when it was reported that Jakov SILBER, chief editor of Kol.Haam in
Tel Aviv, had been requested. by the IOJ to recommend a number of Middle
Eastern journalists to be invited to attend a wide international meeting
of journalists for the purpose of a free exchange. of opinion on important
problems concerning the members of the journalist profession.
15
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SILBER was requested to recommend the following number of jour-
nalists from each of the countries listed and, if possible, to furnish
the characteristics of all persons recommended:
Israel (7) Saudi Arabia (3)
Iran (7) Lebanon (3)
Syria (7) Egypt (7)
Iraq (7) Turkey (12).
In December 1954, the "Initiating Committee for a Broad International
Meeting of Journalists," issued an appeal. According to this appeal, the
committee believed that the conference could be held toward the end of
1955 either in the East or West, as would be more convenient for the
majority of participants.
The appeal went on to say that the conference could be organized
in such a way that participants would have a chance to devote part of
their time to becoming acquainted with the life in some country of interest
to them and gathering firsthand impressions and accurate information
necessary for writing articles or books imbued with concepts of true,
objective reporting.
In order to assure the broadest possible participation of journalists
from the whole world, the appeal suggested that preparatory committees
could be set up in those countries where it would serve a purpose. These
committees would be responsible for sending delegates to the international
meeting, and possibly also for arranging a collection to cover the costs
involved in the journey and stay of such delegates.
The appeal concluded by urging journalists to take part in the
international conference and to inform the committee of their opinion
as to the topics for discussion and the date and place the conference
should be held. For all questions pertaining to the international con-
ference the journalists were requested to write to the following address:
Opletalova 5, Prague II.
The above address is the international headquarters of the IOJ, but
this fact was not mentioned in the appeal.
The list of members of the Initiating Committee for a Broad Inter-
national Meeting of Journalists will be found in the Appendix.
In 1948 the IOJ claimed a total membership of 58,000, of which 14,000
were from the U.S.S.R. The withdrawal of the non-Communist affiliates,
however, would have reduced this figure to approximately 22,000. In
November 1954 the IOJ claimed a membership of 56,000, but this figure ap-
pears to be greatly exaggerated.
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II. SOVIET DIRECTION OF THE IOJ AND POSSIBLE USE FOR ESPIONAGE PURPOSES
According to one source the activities of the IOJ are controlled and
directed by M.A. SUSLOV, chairman of the "International Bureau" of the
Central Committee of the CPSU. While this report is lacking in specific
confirmation, it is in line with several other reports which state that
SUSLOV is head of the Foreign Section of the Central Committee of the CPSU
and in this capacity directs the activities of various international Com-
munist-front organizations;
According to the source, SUSLOV's "man of confidence" in Prague is
Bruno KOHLER, and one of the principal functions of the Union of Czech-
oslovak Journalists is to serve as a sort of base for the IOJ, supplying
it with the necessary funds to fulfill the IOJ's propaganda and infiltra-
tion assignments in the West.
KOHLER, a former member of the Executive Committee of the Communist
International, is presently a secretary of the Central Committee of the
Czechoslovak Communist Party. His wife was formerly Klement GOTTWALD's
personal secretary. Both are suspected of being Soviet agents.
The source has further stated that Emmanuel D'ASTIER de la Vigerie
is the IOJ "man of confidence" in France and is reported to have large
funds with which to "corrupt" Western newspapermen.
Emmanuel D'ASTIER de la Vigerie, who is active in several Communist-
front organizations, is a director and one of the principal shareholders
of the crypto-Communist newspaper Liberation, organ of the Union Progres-
siste. He is reported to be married to Lioubova KRASSINE, daughter
of the first-Soviet ambassador to France. Jean-Maurice HERMANN,
President of the IOJ, is also reported to be one of the principal share-
holders in Liberation.
According to another source, Liberation was one of the French news-
papers which received regular subsidies from the Czech Embassy in Paris.
These subsidies from the Czech Embassy not only included cash, but news-
print was also made available at nominal prices and occasionally checks
were given to the newspaper purporting to represent funds collected from
unions, etc.
According to this same source, Liberation is controlled and directed
by the French Communist Party and Jean-Maurice HERMANN is chief liaison
with the FCP.
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The home of Emmanuel D'ASTIER de la Vigerie and the offices of Liber-
ation were searched by French police in October 1954 in connection with
the investigation of leaks from the French National Committee of Defense.
The results of the search have not been disclosed. D'ASTIER himself was
among those called to testify before the French military magistrate con-
ducting hearings on the matter.
The findings of the military magistrate have not been made public
as yet and the real facts in the case are still obscure. According to
some French press reports, which may or may not be correct, D'ASTIER
received directly from Roger LABROUSSE, an employee of the Secretary of
the National Committee of Defense, a report on the May 1954 meeting of
the Committee, which D'ASTIER then transmitted to the FCP. D'ASTIER sub-
sequently placed Andre BARANES, a Communist journalist and an employee
of Liberation, in contact with LABROUSSE and it was BARANES to whom
LABROUSSE gave subsequent reports on Committee meetings. BARANES report-
edly transmitted these reports directly to a FCP member of Parliament
(presumably Jacques DUCLOS, who was also called before the military
magistrate).
Whether these reports ultimately reached Soviet or Satellite intel-
ligence services has not been disclosed.
BARANES also maintained police contacts with FCP approval. A series
of reports, purporting to represent information from the Political Bureau,
were prepared by the FCP as deception material and given to BARANES for
transmittal to Jean DIDES, a police inspector. DIDES and BARANES were
both arrested.
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III. HEADQUARTERS AND ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE IOJ
The headquarters of the IOJ was last reported to be located at
Opletalova 5, Prague II. Its present Secretary General is Jaroslav
KNOBLOCH of Czechoslovakia. Josef KLANSKY, also of Czechoslovakia, is
Executive Secretary, or Assistant Secretary General.
The Editorial Board of the IOJ publication, The Democratic Jour-
nalist, of which KNOBLOCH is the responsible editor, is also located at
Opletalova 5, Prague II.
According to IOJ statutes, membership in the IOJ is composed of:
a. National unions of journalists
b. National groups of the IOJ
c. Individual members.
In countries which are represented in the IOJ by national unions
affiliated with the IOJ, no IOJ group can be formed and no individual
adherence can be accepted to membership in the IOJ. Admission of new
members is effected through the Executive Committee, subject to final
ratification by the Congress.
The highest organ of the IOJ is the Congress, which is supposed to
meet every 2 years. The Congress is composed of delegations from the
national organizations, national groups, and individual members. Groups
with less than 20 members, and individual members, have consultative voice
only at the Congress. The basis of representation at the Congress is
established by the Executive Committee, which also prepares the agenda
of the Congress.
Between sessions of the Congress the Executive Committee acts as
the supreme organ of the IOJ. It is composed of representatives of the
national organizations and of each national group, but national groups
are not entitled to vote if they number less than 20 members. The Ex-
ecutive Committee is called into session at least once a year.
Between sessions of the Executive Committee, current business of the
IOJ is carried on by a Bureau which is composed of the President, six Vice
Presidents, and the Secretary General, all elected by the Congress.
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Relations within the IOJ between organizations, groups, and in-
dividual members are undertaken by the General Secretariat under the
direction of the Secretary General. The General Secretariat edits the
IOJ journal and also keeps the national organizations and groups in-
formed of all its activity.
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IV. IOJ FINANCES - INTERNATIONAL SOLIDARITY FUND
The General Secretariat is charged with the financial administration
of the IOJ.
Insofar as overt finances are concerned the IOJ does not appear to
have extensive funds at its disposal with which to carry out its obliga-
tions. According to one source the necessary additional funds are sup-
plied by the Union of Czechoslovak Journalists, but no information is
available as to the amounts supplied.
In 1947, when membership in the IOJ was restricted to nationally
organized affiliates, membership dues for each affiliate were established
on the basis of 122$ per capita. The claimed membership of the IOJ
at that time was 58,000. Assuming-that all affiliates were current in
their dues payments, which was not the case, total annual receipts from
this source would have amounted only to approximately $7,250.00.
During the first 3 months after moving to Prague in July 1947, the
IOJ was financed entirely by the Union of Czechoslovak Journalists.
The 1948-49 budget of the IOJ was about $5,000.00. Apparently
this sum was not sufficient, for the IOJ subsequently found it necessary
to increase dues to 182$ per capita in order to raise sufficient funds
to cover expenses of the IOJ delegation to the Geneva Conference on Free-
dom of Information.
In 1950, when the IOJ statutes were changed to include membership
not only of national affiliates but group and individual memberships as
well, it became apparent that a new method of assessment was necessary.
The 1950 Congress of the IOJ instructed the Executive Committee to ex-
amine the question of raising dues and to re-determine the assessment
of different organizations.
The IOJ has made no announcement as to what action the Executive
Committee took on the matter, if any, and no information is presently
available regarding current assessments or the present financial status
of the IOJ. ~t
From- the very beginning the question. of protection of "persecuted"
journalists has come up for discussion on a number of occasions at meet-
ings of the IOJ, without any concrete action being taken.
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-111, TMQ_.QQLTR0T.
At the Helsinki Congress in 1950 the IOJ again protested the
"persecution" of "honest" journalists and for the first time instructed
the Executive Committee to study the creation of an international fund
with which to aid persecuted journalists.
No immediate action appears to have been taken and it was not until
over 3 years later that the IOJ was able to announce the establishment
of such a fund. This occurred at the Executive Committee meeting which
took place in Prague in October 1953.
The Statute of the International Solidarity Fund as announced by
the IOJ at this meeting is as follows:
"1. The aim of the Fund:
To render aid to the journalists, regardless of their nationality,
religious and political conviction, who are subjected to any
type of discrimination and persecuted for truthful reporting,
for utterances made for the benefit of peaceful cooperation
among nations, and for protection of national sovereignty and
democratic rights of nations.
"2. The means of the Fund:
a. The Fund is allotted the tenth part of every year's member-
ship fees received by the IOJ, i.e., cash from the IOJ mem-
ber organizations.
b. Besides that, IOJ member organizations and journalists,
whether or not they are members of the national IOJmember
organizations, will contribute to the assets of the Fund by
both individual and collective donations, the extent of
which depends in every case on their good will and material
possibilities.
"3. Ways of rendering aid:
Aid from the Fund can be rendered
a. Following a proposal of an organization which is a member
of the IOJ;
b. Following a request of other democratic organizations and
of offices of individual papers and other periodicals;
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c. Following a request from individual journalists, who are
subjected to persecution for the activity quoted in the
paragraph on the aims of the Fund. Aid will be rendered
in accordance with decisions made by the IOJ Executive Com-
mittee."
In December 1953 the IOJ announced that the Union of Czechoslovak
Journalists had contributed 50,000 crowns, and in February 1954 that the
Hungarian affiliate had contributed 24,042.60 crowns to the Fund.
It was also announced that the family of Emil ARNOLD was the first
recipient of a grant from the Solidarity Fund. ARNOLD, a member of
the Swiss Labor Party (Communist), and editor of Vorwaerts, was sentenced
to 8 months in prison in 1953 for making defamatory statements against
the Swiss government in the Communist press and in lectures behind the
Iron Curtain.
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Since the time that the Communists assumed control of the IOJ they
have consistently made use of its position as an international organization
to follow and promote the Soviet propaganda line on such subjects as the
Korean war, the peace campaign, colonialism, etc., both among Journalists
and the reading public at large.
Within its own specialized field, that of journalism, the activities
of the IOJ have largely been confined to the issuance of propaganda
articles and statements by its leaders, and to resolutions by its ex-,
ecutive bodies. It has consistently sought to portray the non-Communist
press as being in the hands of capitalist monopolies which corrupted the
souls of people, their pens, and their thoughts, serving not Truth, but
the Lie. Variations of this theme have been that the Western press is
not a free institution but an instrument in the hands of the capitalists
employed to create a war hysteria and to disseminate calumnies and false*
hoods against the U.S.S.R. and the People's Democracies.
At the same time the IOJ has extolled the virtues of the Communist
and "democratic" press which, according to the IOJ, is engaged in the
promotion of peace and is responsible to the people.
The IOJ has never acknowledged the absence of a free press in Com-
munist-controlled countries, and has evaded the question of how freedom
of the press can be reconciled with governmental or party monopoly of
that institution.
In the day-by-day workings of the office of the Secretary General,
the position of the IOJ has been exploited to call attention to and pro-
test against alleged violations of freedom of the press in non-Communist
countries and, conversely, to cover its.systematic violation in the con-
trolled press of Communist countries. During his period of office, Jiri
HRONEK, former Secretary General of the IOJ, launched a series of protests
to various non-Communist governments, and on occasion to the United
Nations, against purported violations of press freedom (such as visa
restrictions for journalists, suppression of certain newspapers, arrest
of journalists for "truthful" reporting, etc.).
In no instance was action taken by the IOJ in any specific case to
open the issue of censorship or governmental control of the press and
of journalists of Communist countries.
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A particularly flagrant case occurred after the Communists acceded
to power in Czechoslovakia in February 1948, after which the Union of
Czechoslovak Journalists expelled a number of non-Communist journalists.
The only response by HRONEK to a series of protests by individuals and
from the British, Danish, Dutch, and Swedish journalist organizations
was merely to pass these on to the Czech affiliate with a request
for a statement of its position. The reply of the Czech affiliate,
which was published in the IOJ Bulletin, was that the journalists had
not been expelled for political views but for violation of the Czech
journalists' act, which required objectivity in reporting. These jour-
nalists were stated not to have acted responsibly to the public, to have
undermined alliances, slandered allies, and instigated reaction, and to
have undermined the strength of the nation and endangered its security
by false reporting. The reply further stated: "The Union of Czechoslovak
Journalists will continue to defend freedom of journalist work which will
be determined by the individual responsibility of journalists toward their
people and their state."
As to the question of suspended newspapers, the Czech affiliate simply
stated that the political parties which published them decided to close
them down because readers refused to read papers which attacked the
people's democracy of the republic.
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VI. RELATIONS WITH THE UNITED NATIONS
In 1947 the IOJ was granted Consultative Status B in the proceedings
of the Economic and Social Council of the U.N., and was later invited to
undertake preparatory work for the World Conference on Freedom of Informa-
tion to be held in Geneva in March 1948. For this purpose the IOJ was
granted Consultative Status A.
To prepare for this conference the IOJ called a meeting of its Ex-
ecutive Committee, which was held in Brussels on 23-24 February 1948. The
Committee decided to send Harry MARTIN (U.S.), Pavel YUDIN (U.S.S.R.),
Jiri HRONEK (Czechoslovakia), and Archibald KENYON (Great Britain) as
representatives of the IOJ to the conference; it also prepared a list of
proposals to be submitted, of which the following were the most important:
1. An investigation of cartelization.in the field of mass communica-
tion.
2. Formulation of plans to abolish censorship or the subjection of
censorship practices to international rules and regulation.
3. The formulation of a code of conduct for the guidance of jour-
nalists in their newspaper work.
4. The establishment of a "Court of Honor" in the United Nations--
in cooperation with the IOJ--which would counteract the publica-
tion of mendacious news stories by investigating to determine the
pertinent facts and publish them for the benefit of the reading
public.
No final action was taken by the conference, and the subject of free-
dom of information is still under discussion within the United Nations.
On 20 July 1950 the UNESCO deprived the IOJ of its right to participate
as a consultant in the Council's work, on the grounds that the IOJ took
advantage of its consultative status merely to denounce other organizations
and certain groups of governments, and did not contribute to the work of
the Council.
This action was protested by the IOJ, and at the Helsinki Congress in
September 1950 a resolution was adopted which stated, in part, as follows:
"The Congress confirms that this activity has never
differed and will never differ from the principles on which
27
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the UNO itself is founded. It protests against a decision
which there has been no attempt to justify with concrete
grievances.. In the conviction that this is only a tempo-
rary episode in the world-wide attack which has been
launched against the principles of peace and liberty by
the forces who consider the application of these princi-
ples to be a hindrance to the psychological preparation for
a third world war, the Congress affirms its belief that a
constant and friendly collaboration between the IOJ and
other international organizations, and especially with the
UNO, is more necessary than ever, and it will act accord-
ingly. The Congress calls on the member organizations to
try to ensure that their national delegations in the UNO
make representations on the subject of the decision taken
against the IOJ and demand its abrogation."
The IOJ was unsuccessful in the latter respect. On 20 January 1954
the IOJ, through its Secretary General, again petitioned the United Nations
for permanent Consultative Status B in the Economic and Social Council of
the U.N. According to the IOJ, the appeal was prompted by its desire
to participate in U.N. discussions on freedom of information to take place
during 1954.
No action has as yet been taken by the U.N. on the IOJ appeal.
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mawifiaAm
VII. IOJ EXECUTIVE BUREAU AND BIOGRAPHIES OF MEMBERS
The present composition of the Executive Bureau of the IOJ is as
follows:
President: Jean-Maurice HERMANN (France)
Vice Presidents: Konstantin-SIMONOV (U.S.S.R.)
Josef KOWALCZYK (Poland)
Kaisu-MirJami RYDBERG (Vinland)
Doudou GUEYE (French West Africa)
HU Ch'iao-mu (Communist China)
Secretary General: Jaroslav KNOBLOCH (Czechoslovakia)
Asst. Secretary General: Josef KLANSKY (Czechoslovakia)
The present composition of the Executive Committee of the IOJ is
not known.
Biographical information concerning members of the Executive Bureau
is presented in the following pages.
HERMANN, Jean-Maurice (France)
Secretary General of the CGT Syndicat National des Journalistes and
President of the Communist front, International Organization of Jour-
nalists (IOJ), Jean-Maurice Hermann is a former Socialist who, since
World War II, has been closely affiliated with the French Communist Party
(FCP) and is considered to be a crypto-Communist. He is editor-in-chief
of the Communist "international labor" publication, Cahiers Internationaux,
organ of the Association pour 1'Etude des Problemes Economiques -et Sociaux
and of the Societe de Publications et d'Etudes Socialistes, and is a
political commentator for Liberation, crypto-Communist Paris daily. He
was an editor of Action, now defunct weekly organ of the French Peace
Movement. Prior to World War II, Hermann served as an editor of the
Socialist Party organ, Le Populaire.
Hermann, who is believed to have been a deportee to Germany during
the Occupation, was named to the Paris Consultative Assembly in July 1945
as a representative of the resistance group Mouvement de Liberation
Nationale (MLN). When the Mouvement Socialiste nitaire et Democratique
was transformed into the Parti Socialiste Unitaire (PST [7 September
1948, Hermann, previously a member of the extreme left wing of the French
Socialist Party (SFIO), was elected to its political bureau. In the same
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year he was named to the Permanent Committee of the French National Peace
Movement and, in December 1951, was identified as one of the Vice Presi-
dents of the FCP Resistance front organization, Federation. Nationale des
Deportes, Internes et Resistants Patriotes (FNDIRP . He is also under-
stood to be on the Directing Committee of the Communist affiliate, Union
Progressiste.
Hermann is known to have attended the IOJ Executive Committee meet-
ings of November 1948 and May 1951 at Budapest and the Third IOJ Congress
at Helsinki in 1950, at which he was elected IOJ President. In June 1948
he served as a delegate to the International Conference of Left-Wing
Socialists in Warsaw and, in December of that year, returned to Poland
for the Union Congress of the Polish workers' parties. In 1949 he ac-
companied the late World Peace Council leader, Yves FARGE, and the late
French Communist poet, Paul ELUARD, on a tour of "free Greece," and in
1950 traveled to the U.S.S.R. for the Moscow May Day celebrations.
Hermann was born 28 February 1905; he has resided in Paris for a
number of years.
SIMONOV, Konstantin (Kirill) Mikhailovich (U.S.S.R.)
A leading figure among Soviet poets, Journalists, dramatists, and
novelists, Simonov has been a Deputy Secretary General of the Union of
Soviet Writers since 1946 and has long been one of the principal propa-
gators of the Soviet Communist Party's cultural line. At the 19th CPSU
Congress in October 1952 he was elected a candidate member of the Party
Central Committee. Simonov, who became internationally famous for his
writings during World War II, has also been a prominent official in the
Soviet "peace" campaign, in the Communist-dominated International Organi-
zation of Journalists (IOJ), and in other cultural and "front" organiza-
tions. He is particularly noted for the virulence of his attacks against
the United States.
K. M. Simonov was born in November 1915 in Petrograd (now Leningrad),
the son of a laborer. He went to middle school, then worked in a machine
factory, and was employed during 1934-35 as a mechanic in a manufacturing
plant. He is said to have first shown his literary talent in connection
with Komsomol activities and as a workers' correspondent. At the age of
19 he received a scholarship from the Gorki-founded Moscow Literary Research
Institute of the Union of Soviet Writers, which was established after the
1932 literary reform to indoctrinate young Soviet authors. Here he studied
from 1934 to 1938, at first at night school, later full time. He is also
a graduate of the Faculty of Literature of Moscow State University.
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In 1939 Simonov was appointed a troop unit newspaper reporter and
covered the Normankan River Campaign against the Japanese in Mongolia.
During World War II he served as a war correspondent for Red and
Pravda with the rank of lieutenant colonel, and in this capacity traveled
to nearly all the war fronts (the Balkans, Austria, Czechoslovakia,
Poland, Germany, and Finland).
After the war Simonov emerged as a dominant figure in the Union of
Soviet Writers, being elected a Deputy Secretary General in a shakeup of
that organization's directing group in 1946.
In addition to his position as a Deputy Secretary General, Simonov
served as Chief of the Poetry Section of the Union of Soviet Writers, and
in 1947 became Chairman of the Union's Foreign Division. He also was
made Chief of a new Foreign Publishing House (foreign books to be trans-
lated into Russian). In 1947 he was made a member of the new All-Union
Society for the Dissemination of Political and Scientific Knowledge, and
was identified as chief editor of Navy Mir (New World), the monthly
literary-artistic and social-political organ of the Union of Soviet Writers,
being later replaced by A.T. TVARDOVSKI but remaining on the Editorial
Board.
In February 1950 Simonov replaced V. ERMILOV as editor-in-chief of
Literary Gazette, after that periodical had undergone attack for incon-
sistency in dramatic criticism and for displaying no inclination to self-
criticism.
Since the end of World War II, Simonov has made numerous trips
abroad. In May 1945 he recited his poems at a cultural workers' meeting
in Prague and the following year was in Japan to study cultural, scientific,
and social conditions; he also visited France and the Balkans. With Ilya
EHRENBURG and Maj. Gen. Mikhail R. GALAKTIONOV he came to the United
States early in 1946 at the invitation of the American Society of News-
paper Editors, and visited San Francisco and Hollywood. Their subsequent
visit to Canada in June appeared to heighten anti-Soviet sentiment already
stimulated by the espionage investigations, and they accused the Canadian
people of being cold and inhospitable and made a very unfavorable impression
on the Canadian press. In March 1947 Simonov was a member of a delegation
of the U.S.S.R. Supreme Soviet visiting Great Britain at the invitation
of the British Parliament; in September of the same year he attended a
Congress of the People's Front of Yugoslavia, Belgrade. In 1949 he went
with a cultural delegation to the Belgian-Soviet Friendship Society's Na-
tional Congress at Brussels in April, to the Second Congress of the German
Society for Cultural Study of the Soviet Union at Berlin in July, and with
a cultural delegation to China in October. He headed cultural delegations
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to the Mongolian People's Republic in March 1952, and to the United
Kingdom for British-Soviet Friendship Month, December.
At the start of the Soviet "peace" campaign Simonov was made Deputy
Chairman of the Preparatory Committee, elected in July 1949, to arrange
the convocation of the first All-Union Conference of Partisans for Peace,
and served on the Presidium of the resulting conference. Since that
time he has been a member of the Presidium of the Soviet Committee for
Defense of Peace. He attended the second All-Union Conference of the
Committee in Moscow, 1950. He was a delegate to the Cultural and Scien-
tific Conference for World Peace, New York, 1949; the British National
Committee of Partisans for Peace meetings, March 1950; the Second World
Peace Congress, Warsaw, November 1950; and the People's Peace Congress,
Vienna, December 1952. His other major international activity has been
as a Vice President of the Communist-dominated International Organization
of Journalists; he was elected at the organization's Third Congress in
Helsinki, September 1950 and led a delegation to its Executive Committee
meeting in Budapest, May 1951. In 1953 he headed a Commission to organize
the celebration of the 60th anniversary of the birth of the poet V. V.
MAYAKOVSKI,
From 1946 to 1954 Simonov served as a deputy to the Council of the
Union, U.S.S.R. Supreme Soviet, from Yartsevo Okrug, Smolensk Oblast,
RSFSR, and from June 1950 until 1954 was a member of the Council's Foreign
Affairs Commission. He was not a candidate for the Supreme Soviet in
the elections held in March 1954.
According to an unconfirmed Soviet source Simonov's wife, Valya,
is the daughter of a prominent Moscow actress and the widow of a famous
pre-World War II Soviet test pilot who was killed testirj.6 a plane. Valya,
also an actress, has been described as a "bad woman" who peroxides her
hair, goes with men other than her husband, and has an obnoxious, over-
bearing manner. Simonov and his wife are reputedly very wealthy.
Personal data: Born in November 1915, Petrograd. Married.
Education: Attended middle school, places unknown. Graduate of Literature
Department, Moscow University. Attended Moscow Literary Research In-
stitute, Union of Soviet Writers, night school, later day school, 1934-
1938
Publications: First poems published in 1934; first book, Pavel Chornei,
1938; The Real Man (collection of poems), 1938; Collected Poems_of 1939;
Fighting pn Ice Field (epic poem); Five Pages; First Love; poem, Letter
of a Red Army Soldier to his Friend; Wait For Me (very popular war poem,
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later rewritten as a play, filmed, translated into foreign languages,
including Chinese and Afrikaans, performed in Chungking during the war);
battlefield sketches and stories published in Soviet newspapers later
edited in books From the Black Sea to the Barents Sea and Notes on
Yugoslavia; poems published in newspapers or.distributed in pamphlets
during war later published in several books Collected Lyrics, With You
and Without You, and War. No Quarter (book of war stories and sketches),
1944; Dni i Nochi (Days and Nights), 1945.(novel on defense of Stalingrad
produced as play 1947, translated into English by Joseph BARNES, foreign
editor, N.Y. Herald Tribune; included in special jubilee edition of 100
best Soviet books printed in commemoration of 30th anniversary of founda-
tion of Soviet.State, 1947); short story (sequel to Days and Nights)
published in Saturday Evening Post, c. 19+7; novel, Smoke of the Father-
land, 1947; Friends and Foes (book of verses inspired by trip to U.S. ,
1949.
Plays: Paren' iz nashego oroda (Fellow from Our Town), 1940 or 1942;
The Russian People, 19 2 produced by Theatre Guild, New York); It Will
Definitely Be So (date unknown); Under the Chestnut Trees of Prague,
19 5; The Will Return, 1945; The Whole World Over, 1947 (produced in
New York ; The Russian Question, 1947 (anti-American press, produced
into film); The Alien Shadow, 1949; Fighting China (essays based upon
his 1949 trip there y, 1950.
Honors: Stalin Prize, 1942, for play, Fellow from Our Town; Stalin Prize
for play, The Russian People, 1943; Order o Fatherland War, lst Class,
1945, for war work and in connection with 10,000th issue of Pravda;
P.:edal of Red Flag and two first class National Defense Campaign Medals
for service during war; First Stalin Prize for play, The Russian Ques-
tion, June 1947; Stalin Prize for play, The Alien Shadow, 1949. First
Stalin Prize for poetry Friends and Foes, 1948 ?).
1934_1935 Employed as a mechanic in a manufacturing plant, first place
unknown, later in Moscow.
1934-38 Attended Moscow Literary Research Institute, Union of Soviet
Writers, at first in night school, later day school.
1939 Appointed troop unit newspaper reporter; participated in
Normankan River Campaign, Mongolia.
1939-1945? War Correspondent for Red Star and Pravda, rank of lieutenant
colonel; traveled to nearly all war fronts (Rumania, Hungary,
Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Ger-
many, and Finland).
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1941+- Member, Art Council (formed in 191+1+).
a/o 1945- Member, Soviet Writers' Union.
1945 Visited Prague; recited his poems at cultural workers'
meeting, May.
1946 Visited Japan to write report on state of cultural., scien-
tific, and social conditions in Japan;
Visited France and Balkans;
With Ilya EHRENBURG and Maj. Gen. GALAKTIONOV came to U.S. at
invitation of American Society of Newspaper Editors; visited
San Francisco and Hollywood.
1946-1950 Deputy to Council of the Union, U.S.S.R. Supreme Soviet,
elected in Yartsevo Okrug, Smolensk Oblast, RSFSR, February
lo, 1946.
191+6-date Deputy Secretary General (later Secretary), Union of Soviet
Writers, elected September.
191+6- Head, Poetry Section, Union of Soviet Writers.
1947 Read report on Soviet play-writing at opening of All-Union
Writers' Conference, Moscow, 3 March;
Member, delegation of U.S.S.R. Supreme Soviet visiting Great
Britain at invitation of Parliament, March;
Signed appeal to all leaders of Soviet science, literature,
and public organizations to increase cultural standards
and Communist education of Soviet citizens;
One of signers of open letter, "With Whom Are You, American
Masters of Culture?" in Literaturnaya Gazeta (Literary
Gazette) #39, 20 September 1947;
Attended congress of People's Front of Yugoslavia, Belgrade,
26 September; greeted congress in name of public organiza-
tions of Soviet Union.
191+7-? Chief, new Foreign Publishing House (foreign books to be
translated into Russian).
34
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Chairman, Foreign Division, Union of Soviet Writers.
1947 Member, Society for Dissemination of Political and Scientific
Knowledge ;
Chief Editor, Novy Mir (New World), monthly literary-artistic
and social-political organ of Union of Soviet Writers.
1948 Spoke at 12th plenary session, Union of Soviet Writers, De-
cember 15-20.
1949 Member, cultural delegation to Belgian-Soviet Friendship
Society's National Congress, Brussels, April;
Member, delegation, 2nd Congress of German-Society for Cultural
Study of the Soviet Union, Berlin 1 July;
Deputy Chairman, Preparatory Committee elected in Moscow,
5 July for convocation of All-Union Conference of Partisans
for Peace;
Member, Presidium, All-Union Conference of Partisans for Peace,
elected at opening session, 25 August;
Deputy leader, cultural delegation to China, October;
Delegate, Prague Conference of Partisans for Peace;
Delegate, Cultural and Scientific Conference for World Peace,
New York.
1949-date Member, Presidium, Soviet Committee for Defense of Peace,
elected 6 September; re-elected to Committee October 1950.
1950 Delegate to British National Committee of Partisans for Peace
meeting, March;
Signed statement protesting dismissal by French Government of
JOLIOT-CURIE;
Delegate,. Third Congress, International Organization of Jour-
nalists, Helsinki, September;
Delegate, Second All-Union Conference of Partisans for Peace,
Moscow, October;
Member, delegation, Second World Peace Congress, Warsaw, No-
vember,
195.0- -- Editor-in-chief, Literaturnaya Gazeta (Literary Gazette),
appointed February.
ma"NAW
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1950-54 Deputy to Council of Nationalities, U.S.S.R. Supreme Soviet,
elected in Smolensk Oblast, RSFSR, 12 March;
Member, Foreign Affairs Commission, Council of Nationalities,
elected 12 June.
(?)
Vice President, International Organization of Journalists,
elected at Helsinki, September 1950.
Leader, delegation, International Organization of Jour-
nalists Executive Committee meeting, Budapest, May.
Leader, cultural delegation to Mongolian People's Republic,
at invitation of Mongolian Society for Cultural Relations
with U.S.S.R., March.
Leader, cultural delegation to U.K. for British-Soviet
Friendship Month, December;
Member, delegation, People's Peace Congress, Vienna, December.
1952-date Candidate member, Central Committee, CPSU, elected at 19th
Party Congress, October.
1953 Head, Commission of Union of Soviet Writers appointed to
organize celebration of 60th anniversary of birth of
V. V. MAYAKOVSKI
KOWALCZYK, Josef (Poland)
Born about 1891, Josef, Kowalczyk is reported to have been in a Soviet
labor camp as of 1915. The first postwar record of him appears in the
form of an article published under his name in the theoretical journal
of the Polish Workers' (Communist) Party (January 1917). The same year he
was elected Deputy Chairman of the Trade Union of Polish Journalists.
This organization presumably sent him as, its delegate to the Conference
of the International Organization of Journalists (IOJ), held 16-18 No-
vember 1918 at Budapest. At this meeting, he strongly attacked Western
journalists (including the Greeks) for their "subservience td imperialism."
Kowalczyk also attended successive meetings of the IOJ at Prague in 1949,
Helsinki in 1950 (where he was elected a Vice President of the organiza-
tion), and at Budapest in 1951.
At the December 1918 Congress of the Polish United Workers' (Com-
munist) Party (PZPR) Kowalczyk was elected to the Central Commission of
36
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Party Control; he was re-elected to the same body at the March 1954 Con-
gress. In 1948 he was also appointed Director of the Central Committee's
Education Section. In the latter capacity, he has participated in a con-
ference on parent committees in schools, the anti-illiteracy campaign, the
fifth plenum of the Central Committee, a meeting of the Polish Teachers'
Association, convocations of the Society for Universal Knowledge, and a
youth rally commemorating the Komsomol's foundation. He was last iden-
tified as Director of the Education Section of the Central Committee when
he attended the 3d Communist Party conference in Szczecin (Stettin) Prov-
ince. He may still hold this position, since no other individual has been
identified in it to date.
Apart from his original contribution to Nowe Drogi in 1947, Kowalczyk
has written other articles for that periodical and contributed also to the
Cominform Journal and the Polish Communist Party's principal daily news-
paper. It should be noted that Kowalczyk is the author of Boleslaw
BIERUT's biography. He has most recently been identified as special
correspondent for Trybuna Ludu, covering the Geneva Conference (May 1954).
RYDBERG, Kaisu-Mirjami (Pseudonym: ALM, Karin) (Finland)
Birth date and birthplace: 27 April 1905, Mantsala, Finland.
it tt
Parents: Father--Vaino Riipa, elementary school teacher; Mother--Iida
Forsbacka.
Education: Pori Girls' Academy, 1923; took liberal arts courses at the
University of Helsinki, 1931.
Marital status: Married in 1931 to Martii Rydberg, a surveyor; marriage
terminated in 1934.
Politics: Member of Finnish Social Democratic Party, 1932=40; expelled
from the Social Democratic Party in 1940; member of Finnish Communist
Party, 1945-date; appointed a member of the Central Committee of the
Finnish People's Democratic League (Suomen Kansan Demokraattinen
Liitto--SKDL) on 29 October 1944; elected an alternate member of the
Finnish Communist Party Board at the 8th Party Congress, 30 August -
4 September 1948; not elected to the Communist Party's Central Com-
mittee in 1951; heads the Russian Language Section of the Finnish
Communist Party.
Travels: Traveled extensively in several European countries, 1935-39;
foreign correspondent in the U.S.S.R., Germany, Switzerland, Belgium,
France, Italy, England, Denmark, and Sweden; visited the United States
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and England, 1946; visited Hungary, 1948; attended the Hungarian
Unity Congress, Budapest, 12 June 1948; member, cultural delegation
to the U.S.S.R., on invitation of VOKS, 1949; member, cultural delega-
tion to Czechoslovakia, sponsored by Finnish-Czechoslovak Society,
to spend 2 weeks there and attend May Day and Czech liberation cele-
brations, April-May 1952; member, delegation of Finns attending the
opening of the exhibition of Finnish art in Moscow, 25 November 1953?
Clubs: Finland-Soviet Union Society; Kula Authors' Society.
Published Works: Alkukallio (Bedrock), a collection of poems, 1946;
Katselin Amerikka (I Took a Look at America), 1946; Kuussa (In the
Moon), a collection of essays, 1952.
Comment on Mrs. Rydberg's writings: A poet and short story writer, she
has also written widely on modern American literature. Her book,
I Took a Look at America, has been described as. "surprisingly ob-
jective," containing relatively little deliberate misrepresentation
or misconstruction of facts.
Trade Union Activities: Chairman of the General Newspapermen's Federa-
tion (Yleinen Lehtimiesliitto), a Communist-dominated union.
International organization: Delegate, 3d Congress of the International
Organization of Journalists, Helsinki, September 1950. She was
elected one of the seven Vice Presidents of the organization at this
meeting.
Summary of career: Has been a teacher, journalist, literary critic, and
author.
Special interests: Foreign languages, painting, and architecture. She
speaks some English.
1930-1938 Gave private Finnish and foreign language lessons.
1933-1939 Member, editorial staff, Suomi Sosialidemokraatti (Fin-
nish Social Democrat), organ of the Social Democratic
Party.
1937 Presidential elector.
1937-1941 Member, Helsinki City Council.
1939-1941 Member of Parliament.
1940 Presidential elector; one of the founders of Vapaa Sana
(Free Word), organ of the SKDL.
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sFOND
TTr (Y T In /ITTIT TTn ? *ry~*Tr^T-dt
1941-1944 Arrested for subversive political activities in 1941,
and sentenced to 3 years' hard labor, served at
Helsinki Central Prison.
1944-1945 Member, Helsinki City Council.
1944-1948 Member of Parliament; member, editorial staff, Vapaa
Sana; as a member of the editorial staff of Vapaa Sana,
she was a political columnist and editor of the Women's
Page.
1945 Following the Finnish-U.S.S.R. armistice in September
1945, Mrs. Rydberg was appointed to the State Commis-
sion on Prison Reform, the committee to investigate
State reform schools, and the Program Council of the
Finnish State Radio.
1948-date Editor-in-chief, SNS-lehti (Suomi-Neuvostoliitto-Seura-
lehti), magazine published by the Finland-Soviet Union
Society; appointed to this position on 1 October 1948.
GUEYE, Doudou (Senegal, French West Africa)
Senegalese Negro. As of 1950 Gueye was identified as the Secretary
General of the Union Democratique Senegalaise and Vice President of the
then Communist-sympathizing Rassemblement Democratique Africain (RDA).
He was also editor of the Reveil de Dakar, RDA organ and a contributor
to the French Communist Party FCP organ, L'Humanite. In September 1950,
at the Third Congress of the International Organization of Journalists
(IOJ) held at Helsinki, Gueye, though not in attendance, was elected one
of the Vice Presidents. At the 12th FCP National Congress held at Stras-
bourg, Gueye served as a delegate of the RDA.
In August 1950, Doudou Gueye was sentenced to a 3-month prison term
at Dakar for having denounced and criticized French colonial policies
in French West Africa and for having accused the French armed forces of
committing atrocities on the Ivory Coast. He was also to serve another
sentence of 2 years, and to pay a 300,000-franc fine, but was apparently
released.
HU Ch'iao-mu (real name HU Ting-Hsin) (Communist China)
Deputy Director, Propaganda Department, Communist Party.
Member, Culture and Education Committee, Government Administration
Council.
Member, Standing Committee, National Committee, Chinese People's
Political Consultative Conference.
Member, Committee for Drafting the Constitution, Central People's
Government.
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- -T /nnnr TATTTC'' Tl rfl T?TRnT
President, All-China Journalists' Association.
Vice President, International Organization of Journalists.
Member, Executive Board, Sino-Soviet Friendship Association.
Member, National Committee, China Peace Committee.
Communist Party propagandist and historian as well as a sometime
personal secretary to MAO Tse-tung, Hu Ch'iao-mu is the author of Thirty
Years of the Communist Party of China, the first official outline history
of the party prepared by the Chinese Communists themselves. That Hu was
entrusted with the compilation of such a document reflects favorably not
only on his acknowledged ability but also on the trust in which he is
held by MAO. One close observer of the Chinese Communist movement has
commented that as a result of his having served as MAO's secretary in
Yenan, Hu is.presumably trusted by the former in drafting party editorials
on policy matters. The same observer has also described Hu as one of MAO's
own theoretical braintrusters.
Hu-Ch'iao-mu, whose real name is Hu Ting-Hsin, was born about 1911
in Yen-ch'eng Hsien, Kiangsu Province. His father, Hu Chi-tung, was a
wealthy landowner and a sometime member of the Peking Parliament. In
1924 Hu entered the Kiangsu Provincial 8th Middle School in Yang-chou,
where he is said to have compiled an outstanding academic record. Six
years later he was admitted into the physics department of Tsinghua
University in Peiping, and there seems to have become interested in Com-
munism. It seems probable that Hu joined the Communist Party while a
student in Peiping, though data reporting such an event are not now avail-
able. In 1932, because of his activities, Hu was forced to leave Tsinghua;
he went then to the Shanghai area, and for a very brief period studied at
Chekiang University. Thereafter and until 1937 he was in Shanghai, where
he is reported to have been engaged in "ideological and cultural activities
in the revolutionary movement."
Shortly after the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War, Hu went to Yenan,
where he was first in charge of a Communist Party youth training class in
An-wu-pao. Subsequently he was dean of school affairs of the Tse-tung
Youth Cadre Training School in Yenan. Throughout the early Yenan period
Hu appears to have been concerned primarily with the party's youth move-
ment. He is reported to have prepared much literature for the guidance of
the youth movement, and to have edited the magazine Chun -kuo Chin -nien
(China Youth). Prior to 1945 he had become personal and or political
secretary to MAO Tse-tung. While one report places this occurrence about
1938-1939, it would appear to have been at some later date, perhaps about
1942-1943. In that capacity he accompanied MAO to Chungking in August
1945 when the latter went to the Nationalist capital for postwar talks
with CHIANG Kai-shek. In Chungking, in addition to his services to MAO,
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Hu became responsible for the editorial policy of the Hsin-hua Jih-pao
(New China Daily), local organ of the Communist Party.
The date of Hu's departure from Chungking is unknown. Likewise, data
are not currently available which describe his activities between 1945
and 1949. In April 1949 he was elected to the Central Committee of the
China New Democratic Youth League, and 2 months later was named to the
All-China Federation of Democratic Youth's National Committee. He served
in those capacities until the summer of 1953 but was re-elected to neither
body when organization congresses were held that year. On 15-19 June
1949 Hu was a delegate from the A11-China Federation of Democratic Youth
to the Preparatory Committee meetings of the Chinese People's Political
Consultative Conference. July 1949 saw him active in the preparatory meet-
ings of the Sino-Soviet Friendship Association and the All-China Jour-
nalists' Association. On 14 July 1949 he was first identified as director
of the official New China News Agency, a position, however, which he had
relinquished by December of that same year.
Since September 1949 Hu has been a member, representing the All-China
Journalists' Association, of the Chinese People's Political Consultative
Conference. At the conference's first plenary session in September 1949
he was elected to the conference's National Committee, and since February
1953 has served as a standing member of the National Committee. With the
establishment of the Central People's Government, Hu was assigned posi-
tions as member and Secretary General of the Culture and Education Com-
mittee, and as Director of the News Administration. Hu still retains his
membership on the Culture and Education Committee, but was relieved as the
Committee's Secretary General in November 1952 and as Administration Di-
rector in August 1952.
The year 1950 saw his identification as (1) Deputy Director of the
Propaganda Department, Communist Party;. (2) member of the National Com-
mittee of the Chinese People's Committee for World Peace and Against Ameri-
can Aggression; (3) President of the All-China Journalists' Association;
and (4) member of the Executive Board of the Sino-Soviet Friendship As-
sociation. In 1950 Hu was also elected one of the Vice Presidents of the
International Organization of Journalists (IOJ) at the 3d IOJ Congress
held in Helsinki in September. His most recent concurrent appointment
came in January 1953, when he was named to membership on the Committee
for Drafting the Constitution of the People's Republic of China.
From the information currently available, Hu is not believed to have
been outside China, though he is known to speak English. He has been
described as short and sturdy. It would appear that at one time he was
known as CH'IAC Mu. He is not, however, identical with CH'IAO Kuan-hua,
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TT/'1Til1D TT /n nrTm-r rrr
a longtime associate of CHOU En-lai who during his wartime career as a
party propagandist was also known as CH'IAO Mu. According to one report,
MAO Tse-tung himself decided that the two should modify their names in
order to avoid confusion.
Personal data: Born circa 1911 in Yen-ch'eng Hsien, Kiangsu Province.
His original name was HU Ting-hsin. His father, HU Chi-tung, was
a wealthy landowner and a sometime member of the Peking Parliament.
Education: Graduated from the Kiangsu Provincial 8th Middle School in
Yang-thou; studied in the physics department of Tsinghua University,
1930-1932; studied very briefly in 1932 at Chekiang University.
Language: English.
Political affiliation: Communist Party of China.
Publication: Thirty Years of the Communist Party of China, 1951.
Career:
1933-1937 Engaged in Communist Party cultural activities in
Shanghai.
1937 Went to Yenan.
-- - -- One of those in charge of the Communist Youth Training
Class at An-wu-pao.
-- - -- Dean of School Affairs, Tse-tung Youth Cadre School,
Yenan.
-- - -- Editor of China Youth (Chung-kuo Ch'ing-nien) magazine.
Personal secretary to MAO Tse-tung.
19+5 Accompanied MAO to Chungking for negotiations with the
Nationalist Government;
While in Chungking was an editor of the Hsin-hua-jih- ao.
19+9 Member, Preparatory Committee, Chinese People's Political
Consultative Conference.
- 19+9 Director, New China News Agency.
19+9 - -- Editor, Jen-min-jih-pao, Peiping.
19+9-1952 Secretary General, Culture and Education Committee,
Central People's Government;
Director, News Administration, Central People's Govern-
ment.
19+9-1953 Member, Central Committee, China New Democratic Youth
League;
Member, National Committee, All-China Federation of Demo-
cratic Youth.
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1949-date Member, Culture and Education Committee, Central People's
Government;
Deputy Director, Propaganda Department, Communist Party;
Member, National Committee, Chinese People's Political
Consultative Conference;
Member, Executive Board, Sino-Soviet Friendship Associa-
tion.
1950-date President, All-China Journalists' Association;
Vice President, International-Organization of Journalists;
Member National Committee, Chinese People's Committee
for World Peace and Against American Aggression.
1953-date Member, Standing Committee, National Committee, Chinese
People's Political Consultative Conference;
Member, Committee for Drafting the Constitution, Central
People's Government.
KNOBLOCH, Jaroslav (Cze~,hoslovakia)
Elected Secretary General of the IOJ in October 1953, replacing Jiri
HRONEK. Born about 1922. Journalist. After the war he was a member of
the Czech delegation of the Association of Friends of the U.S.S.R. which
was invited to the Soviet Union. He is an official of this organization.
As of 1950 KNOBLOCH was editor of Svet Sovietu, weekly publication of the
Association of Friends of the U.S.S.R., and also editor of the monthly,
Moskva Praha. From 1951 to 1953 he was CTK correspondent of Rude Pravo
in Moscow. Speaks Russian fluently.
KNOBLOCH is also responsible editor of The Democratic Journalist.,
monthly publication of the IOJ.
Dr. KLANSKY, Josef (Czechoslovakia)
No background information available. Delegate to the IOJ Executive
Committee meeting in Budapest in November 1948, and to the 3d Congress in
Helsinki in September 1950, later becoming assistant to Jiri HRONEK, for-
mer Secretary General of the IOJ.
43
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VIII. NATIONAL AFFILIATES OF THE IOJ
In January 1954 the IOJ claimed affiliates or individual membership
of journalists in the following 35 countries:
Africa
France
Poland
Albania
East Germany
Rumania
Algeria
The Netherlands
Sweden
Australia
Hungary
Switzerland
Austria
India
Trieste
Brazil
Iran
Tunisia
Bulgaria
Israel
U.S.S.R.
Communist China
North Korea
United Kingdom
Czechoslovakia
Mongolia
U.S.A.
Denmark
Norway
Uraguay
Ecuador
Paraguay
Vietnam
Finland
Peru
This claim by the IOJ, while possibly technically correct, gives
an impression of strength and wide representation which the IOJ does not
in fact possess.
In a majority of the countries named the IOJ does not have sufficient
representation to justify the existence of-an organized affiliate and
representation is maintained through individual memberships, which in
many instances are believed to consist of only a handful of journalists,
and in some cases possibly a single individual.
Those countries in which the existence of organized national affiliates
of the IOJ have been identified are presented in the following pages. Where
available, the name of the national affiliate, address, official publica-
tion, estimated membership, and national officers are given. Complete in-
formation was not available in many instances. In other cases the information
45
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may not be current, although it represents the most recent information
available.
Union of Albanian Journalists
Executive Committee
(1953):
Chairman: Fadil PACRAMI, Assistant Minister of
Public Education. Member of the Central
Committee of the Albanian Workers' Party.
Deputy, National Assembly and member of
the General Council of the Democratic
Front. Chief editor of Zerii Popullit
as of 1950.
Vice Chairman: Thanas NANO
Secretary General: Petro KITO, Director General, Radio
Broadcasting.
Sofokli AFEZOLLI
Tefik CAUSHI
Safo LAZRI, member of the General Council
of the Democratic Front.
Ymer MIRXHOZI
Skender TUPE
Deputy Members: Tonin MILOTI, editor-in-chief of Hosteni.
Liambi PAPA
Mico VERLI
Central House of Journalists
A Union of Bulgarian Journalists was reported to be in existence
as of 1949, but there has been no information to indicate that this organiza-
tion is still in existence. More recently the Bulgarian press and IOJ
publications have referred to the Central House of Journalists. Presumably
this is the organization which now represents Bulgaria in the IOJ.
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Membership (1949): 400
National Officers:
President: Leuben VELEV, agronomist. As of 1949 he
was reported to be a general of the army and
editor of Rabotnichesko Delo. In 1951 he
was a member of the Central Committee of the
National Committee for Aiding the Fighting
Korean People. According to one source, he
is a person of great culture and intelli-
gence; he is said to be an opportunistic Com-
munist and not an ideological one.
CHINA
All-China Journalists' Association
Admitted to IOJ in September 1949
Claimed membership (1949); 10,000
President: HU Ch'iao-mu (See Section VII for biographic
information.)
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
Union of Czechoslovak Journalists (Svaz Ces.koslovenskych Novinaru)
Estimated Membership (1949): 1,400
Publication: Ceskoslovenskych Novinaru (monthly)
Address (1952): Stalinova 3, Prague
National Officers:
Chairman: Vojtech DOLEJSI, born 1903. Former chief
editor of Prace, presently editor-in-chief
of Rude Pravo. Also a commentator for
'Prague Radio.
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TC1Ti'(lPN /r1f T =--
Deputy Chairman: Vladimir KOUCKY, born 1920. Member of the
Central Committee of the Czechoslovak
Communist Party. Deputy editor-in-chief
of Rude Pravo prior to 19+9 and later be-
came editor-in-chief. Member of Editorial
Board of Nova Mysl as of 1952.
Secretary: F. ERBAN (possibly Frantisek ERBAN)
Chief of Foreign Political Section: Jiri HLUSTICIK
Members of the Board:
Jaroslav KNOBLOCH Secretary General of the IOJ
Ladislav TECHNIK Of Svobodne Slovo
Jan DRDA Born 4 July 1915. Member of the Central
Committee of the Czechoslovak Communist
Party and deputy to the National Assembly.
Chairman of the Union of Czechoslovak
Writers. Chief editor of Svobodne
Noviny (1948), and later of Lidove
Noviny.
MACH, fnu Of Zemedelske Noviny
SVATOPLUK, fnu
ANCIK, fnu
FINLAND
Finnish General Newspapermen's Union (Suomen Yleinen Lehtimiesliito)
Membership (1953): 127
National Officers (1953):
Chairman: Kaisu-Mirjami RYDBERG, a Vice President of
the IOJ. (See biographic report, Section VII.)
Secretary: Ontoro VIRTANEN
Treasurer: Aune LAURIKAINEN
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FRANCE
National Union of Journalists (Syndicat National des Journalistes)
Address (1952): 213 rue La Fayette, Paris
Claimed Membership (199): 3,500
National Officers (elections of November 1952):
Bureau:
Secretary General: Jean-Maurice HERMANN, President
of the IOJ.
Secretaries: Roger VIGUIER
Jean BEDEL, journalist for Libera-
tion and formerly of Ce Soir
CHEMLA, fnu
Treasurer: Arlette BELLEVILLE
Regional Secretaries: CLERISI, fnu
GIBIER, fnu
Charles RIVET
GUIGNEBERT, fnu. (Probably
Jean Eugene, also called "Marc,"
GUIGNEBERT.)
GATTI, fnu
Robert LAMBOTPE
SICHEL-DULONG, fnu
Alternate Members: CAZAUZON, fnu
CAVAGLIONE, fnu
GAUDE, fnu
LEGRIS, fnu
EAST GERMANY
Association of the German Press (Verband der Deutschen Presse--VDP)
Address (1950): Friedrichstrasse 101, Berlin,
Publication: Neue Deutsche Presse
National Officers:
19
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Central Directorate:
First Chairman: Rudi WTZEL, resided in the neighbor-
hood of Goteborg, Sweden from 1948
to 1945 and kept in touch with Swedish
Communists. Studied at the Karl
Marx Academy prior to 1949. In 1949
he was reported to be a member of
the Foreign Press Section of the
Central Secretariat of the Socialist
Unity Party (SED). In 1950 he was
chief editor of Neuer Weg. From
1951 to 1953 he was deputy chief,
Mass Agitation Section of the SED
Central Committee. In 1953 he was
chief editor of Friedenspost, weekly
publication of the Society for Soviet-
German Friendship, and chief of the
Press Direction Department, SED
Central Committee. He was separated
from the latter position and became
editor-in-chief of Deutschlands
Stimme. As of December 1953 he was
editor of Wachenpost.
Second Chairman: Walter FRANZE, member of the SED.
As of 1948 he was chief editor of
Maerkische Volksstimme, and a mem-
ber of the Society for Soviet-Ger-
man Friendship. Appointed a member
of the editorial board of Neues
Deutschland in 1949.
Member: Albert NORDEN, born 4 December 1904,
formerly worked under Gerhardt
EISLER in the German Democratic
Republic (GDR) Office for Information.
Presently with the GDR Press Office
and second-ranking member of the GDR
Community for German Unity.
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Other prominent members of the VDP are the following:
Dr. Karl BITTEL Born 22 June 1892; resided in Moscow
from 1933 to 1945- Journalist by pro-
fession. Chief of the GDR Institute
for Contemporary History.
Fritz APELT Born 4 February 1893 at Tierenfurt.
During the Nazi regime he was in Mos-
cow as a journalist. Former chief
editor of Tribi4ene, and former head of
the GDR Office for Literature and Pub-
lishing Affairs. Presently Deputy Min-
ister of Culture.
Werner MUSSLER Born 21 June 1920. Former chief editor
of the GDR publishing firm "Diewirtschaft."
National Federation of Hungarian Journalists (Magyar Ujsagirok
Orszagos Szovetsege--MUOSZ)
Claimed Membership (1949): 880
Secretary General (1954): Gyorgi PARRAGI, editor of Magyar
Nemzet. In 1950 he was a member of
the National Peace Council of Hungary
and also a member of the Hungarian
Parliament.
Free Journalists of Democratic Korea
Admitted to the IOJ in September 1950.
The most recent IOJ publication gives the present name as: Korean
Journalists' League.
National Officers (1954):
Chairman: TSANG Ha Ir, editor-in-chief of Minju Chosun.
Secretary General: LI Du Din, editor-in-chief of the
"Democratic Youth daily."
M"BRFIND
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MONGOLIA
Journalists' Union of the Mongolian People's Republic
Admitted to membership in the IOJ in September 1950.
No information available as to national officers.
Polish Association.of Journalists (Stowarzyszenia Dziennikarzy
Polskich--SDP
Address: Foksal 3/5, Warsaw
Editorial Office: Foksal 3/5, Warsaw
Membership (1951): 1,200
Officers:
Chairman: Henryk KOROTYNSKI. From Pultusk. Mem-
ber of Parliament. Member of Legisla-
tion Committee. Member of Pan-Polish
Committee of National Front, and member
of Central Board of Polish-Soviet Friend-
ship Society. Editor-in-chief of Zycie
Warszawy.
Vice Chairmen: Jan HALPERN
Andrzej WEBER
Secretary General: Jerzy WASNIEWSKI
Members of Presidium: August GRODZIKI. Member of Central Com-
mittee of Democratic Party. Associated
with Zycie Warszawy. Attended 3d Con-
gress of IOJ in Helsinki.
Wojciech KETRZYNSKI, Member of Presidium
of Polish Committee of Peace Defenders.
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Edmund OSMANCZYK. From Stargard. Mem-
ber of Parliament. Member of Legislation
and Foreign Affairs Committees. Member
of Central Board of Polish-Soviet Friend-
ship Society, and member of Presidium of
Polish Committee of Peace Defenders.
Irena RYBCZYNSKA
Waclaw SCHAYER. From Grudziadz. Member of
Parliament and Vice Chairman of Legisla-
tion Committee. A secretary of the Ex-
ecutive Committee of the United Peasant
Party. Member of Pan-Polish Committee of
National Front.
Edward STRZELECKI
Andrezj WOHL
Boleslaw WOJICKI
Leszek WYSZNACKI. Attended Executive Com-
mittee meeting of IOJ in Budapest, 15-17
October 1954, as one of the representatives
of Polish journalists.
Claimed Membership (1949): 750
Officers (1948):
President: Stefan VOICU, assistant chief editor of
Scinteia, organ of the Central Committee of
the Rumanian Workers' Party.
Vice President: Radu MANESCU, Assistant Minister of Finance
and a member of the General Council of ARLUS
in 1953.
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U.S.S.R.
Union of Soviet Writers
The existence of a separate journalists' organization within the
U.S.S.R. has not been reported. Apparently the U.S.S.R. is represented
in the IOJ through the Union of Soviet Writers, which is composed of a
number of sections, such as poetry, drama, prose writing, satire, scenario
writing, etc., each of which has its own executive committee. Presuma-
bly a journalists' section also exists within the Union of Soviet Writers.
The Union of Soviet Writers was founded in 1934 at a Congress of
Writers under the chairmanship of Maxim GORKY. The Second All-Soviet
Congress of Writers (the first in 20 years) took place in December 1954.
Address: Verevsky Street, Moscow (1953)
Publication: Literaturnaya Gazeta
National Officers (elected at second Congress):
Presidium:
I. ABASHIDZE
N. ZARYAN
B. POLEVOI
V. AZHAEV
A. KAKHAR
B. RYURIKOV
S. ANTONOV
A. KORNEICHUK
V. SMIRNOV
M. AUEZOV
B. LAVRENEV
I. SMCTUL
N. BAZHAN
V. LATSIS
L. SOBOLEV
P. BROVKA
L. LEONOV
A. SURKOV
A. VENTSLOVA
S. MARSHAK
A. TVARDOVSKY
S. VURGUN
G. MARKOV
N. TIKHONOV
F. GLADKOV
V. PANOVA
M. TURSUNZADE
A. GONCHAR
N. POGODIN
P. TYCHINA
V. ERMILOV
A. PROKOFYEV
A. FADEEV
54
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T
K. FEDIN A. KARAVAEVA D. POLIKARPOV
N. CHUKOVSKY V. KATAEV S. SHCHIPACHEV
M. SHOLOKHOV K. SIMONOV I. EHRENBURG
Secretariat:
V. AZHAEV V. SMIRNOV
N. BAZHAN Alexei SURKOV (First Secretary)
L. LEONOV A. FADEEV
B. POLEVOI K. FEDIN
K. SIMONOV (Konstantin M. SIMONOV, a Vice President of
the IOJ)
VIETNAM
Association of Vietnamese Journalists
Founded in April 1950 and admitted to membership in the IOJ at
the Third Congress in Helsinki in September 1950.
National Officers (Elected 1950):
Chairman: NGUYEN xuan Thuy, also known as XUAN
Thuy. Director and editor of Cuu Quoc.
Member of the World Peace Council.
Secretary General of the Vietnam Peace
Committee. Member of Vietnam Cultural
Association. Member of the Standing
Committee of the Lien Viet Front. Mem-
ber of the Tongbo of the Lao Dong Party.
NGUYEN was born about 1910 in Ha Dong
Province and attended the Lycee du Pro-
tectorat at Hanoi. While in. school he
joined the Thanh Nien Dong Chi Hoi
(Youth Comrades Association), an offshoot
of the Revolutionary Youth League.
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Arrested in 1930 and deported, first
to Son La, then Nghia Lo. In September
1945 he was appointed editor and di-
rector of Cuu Quoc. In 1945, member
of the Central Executive Committee
of the Viet Minh. In May 1950, member
of the Preparatory Committee of the
Vietnam-Soviet Friendship Association.
Member of Democratic Republic of Viet-
nam (DRV) delegation to Peiping Octo-
ber 1 celebrations in 1951. Attended
second meeting of World Peace Council,
Vienna, October 1.951. In November 1951,
broadcast over Moscow radio on way home
from Vienna. Deputy leader of DRV
delegation to Asian and Pacific Peace
Conference, Peiping, October 1952.
World Peace Conference, Budapest, June
1953.
Vice Chairman: DO duc Duc. Member of the National
Assembly. A founder of the Democratic
Party in 1945. Under secretary of
State for national education before
November 1946. Secretary General of
the Democratic Party in 1953. Editor
of Doc Lap, the Democratic Party organ
in 1953. Member of the Vienamese
Parliamentary Mission to Paris.
HOANG Tuan. Also known as NGUYEN
Tuan. Assistant Minister of Propa-
ganda since 1950. Formerly secretary
of the Lao Dong Party Executive Com-
mittee in Hanoi. Secretary General
of the Vietnam Cultural Association.
Editor of Su-That, the organ of the
Association for the Study of ''Marxism.
Member of the Central Executive Com-
mittee of the Vietnam Youth Federation.
In July 1951 he headed a Vietnam youth
delegation to the World Festival of
Youth in Berlin. Toured parts of the
U.S.S.R., particularly Uzbekistan, on
the way back. Member of the Preparatory
56
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Committee of the Vietnam-Soviet Friend-
ship Association in May 1950.
Secretary: NGUYEN thanh Le. Chief editor of Cuu
Quoc. Attended meeting of Executive
Committee of the IOJ held in Prague in
October 1953.
Member (1953): LE quang Dam. Also known as LI Shung-
shan. Editor of Nhan Dan, weekly news-
paper of the Lao Dong Party. Head of
the Viet Minh Army Propaganda and Educa-
tion Bureau. Visited China with a Viet
Minh delegation in July 1951, and a mem-
ber of the Viet Minh delegation to the
Second World Congress of the WFTU in
Berlin in November 1951.
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IX. CHECK LIST OF JOURNALISTS PARTICIPATING IN IOJ ACTIVITIES
In addition to those mentioned elsewhere in this report, the follow-
ing journalists have participated in IOJ activities. Such activity in-
cludes attendance at the 3d Congress of the IOJ, Executive Committee meet-
ings, or contributions to the IOJ publication.
ALBANIA
MUSARAI, Shevket As of 1950, President of the League of Albanian
Writers and deputy for Lushnje District People's
Assembly.
Attended a meeting of the Executive Committee of
the IOJ in Prague 7-9 October 1953.
VOGLI, Fiyri Reported to be studying journalism in the U.S.S.R.
as of September 1950. Attended 3d Congress of
the IOJ.
ALGERIA
KBALFA, Boualem
Editor-in-chief of the Alger Republicain as of
September 1950. Represented Algerian journalists
at the 3d Congress of the IOJ.
AUSTRIA
GLAUBAUF, Fritz Born 10 June 1901 in Czechoslovakia. Moved to
@ Frederico Glaubauf Austria in 1925 and joined the Austrian Communist
KRASNY Party (KPOe). Attended University of Vienna.
In 1928 he visited Germany, staying for about 2
years. Later reported to be in Uruguay on a
mission for the Comintern. In March 1935 he
arrived in Chile from Montevideo and founded
The Communist Party of Chile magazine Principios.
He also taught a select group of Chilean Com-
munists. Later in 1935 he was arrested and de-
ported to Argentina. During World War II he
served as a press officer for one of the leading
Soviet generals. In April 19+6 he was elected
as a candidate member of the Central Committee
of the KPOe. In 19+7 he was a frequent traveler
to Czechoslovakia. In 19+8 he was elected to
the Central Committee of the KPOe and appointed
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head of the KPOe Press Office. GIAUBAUF was
also Political Editor of Volksstimme during this
period. In November 1951 he was reappointed to
the Central Committee of the KPOe.
GLAUBAF attended a meeting of the Executive Com-
mittee of the IOJ in Budapest in November 1948
and also attended the 3d Congress of the IOJ in
Helsinki in September 1950. At the present time
GLAUBAF is a member of the Central Committee of
the KPOe, a member of the staff of the Communist
publishing house Globus Verlag, and a member of
the staff of Volksstimme.
SOMERHAUSEN, Luc Born 26 August 1903 at Hoeylaert. Former member
of the Belgian Socialist Party. Political prisoner
in Germany during the war. Embraced Communism
after the war and in January 1948 resigned from
the Brussels City Council and the Socialist Party,
stating that he "did not agree any more with the
party's policy." At the same time he resigned
as Belgian correspondent for the French Socialist
daily, Le Populaire. By May 1948 he was reported
to be a member of the Belgian Communist Party
(BCP); in October 1949 he became Press Secretary
for the Brussels section of the BCP; and in 1950
and 1951 he was a staff member and an editor of
Le Drapeau Rouge, daily organ of the BCP.
In February 1948 SCMERHAUSEN was a member of the
Belgian Committee for Aid to Democratic Greece;
in August 1948, a member of the Communist-front
Solidarite; and in January 1949, a member of the
initiating committee of the Amities Belgo-Bulgares.
In November 1949 he tried to force the Belgian
journalists' organization to rescind its decision
to withdraw from the IOJ. In May 1951 he attended
a meeting of the Executive Committee of the IOJ
in Budapest. SOMERHAUSEN is a frequent visitor
to Eastern European countries, and also often
visits the Soviet Embassy in Brussels.
6o
oft"Mma
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Bur
SOMERHAUSEN is also a member of the Executive
Bureau and Executive Committee of the Interna-
tional Federation of Resistants, Victims, and
Prisoners of Fascism (FIR).
On 13 July 1954 the Political Bureau of the
Belgian Communist Party resolved to expel
SOMERHAUSEN from the Party. His appeal is to
be acted upon at the National Congress scheduled
to be held in December 1954.
van MAKE, fnu Not further identified. Attended 3d Congress
of the IOJ. Probably identical with Gerard
van MOERKERKE, born.18 September 1912 at Makela,
Belgian Congo. Staff writer of Le aneau.
Rte, newspaper of the Belgian Communist Party
as of the latter part of 1949. Re-elected to the
Central Committee of the BCP in 1951.
BULGARIA
VELEV, Leuben President of the Central House of Journalists.
Contributor to The Democratic Journalist. At-
tended a meeting of the Executive Committee of
the IOJ held in Prague 7-9 October 1953.
ALEKSIEV, Nikola Of Trud as of 1950. Attended 3d Congress of
the IOJ.
STAIKOV, Encho Journalist and propagandist. Deputy from Gorna
Oryahovitsa to National Assembly since 20 Decem-
ber 1953. Member of the Central Committee of
the Bulgarian Communist Party since 25 December
1948. Served as deputy, National Assembly,
1946-49; did not stand as candidate in December
1949 national elections. Successively Vice
President and President of Union of Journalists
1946-49. Then served concurrently as Chief
Director of Bulgarian Cinematography and Vice
President of Committee for Science, Art, and
Culture, 1949-50. Was cited in 1950 as Press
Director for Ministerial Council and in 1951
as Main Director of Bulgarian Telegraph Agency.
Member of BCP delegation to 15th Congress of
Austrian Communist Party in Vienna, November
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CEYLON
1951, and to 2d Congress of German Socialist
Unity Party in Berlin, July 1952. Served as
Secretary of BCP Central Committee from about
1952 until his removal at the 6th Congress,
March 1954; during this period played a very
active role in political-cultural-social life.
In 1952 received Order of September 9, 1944,
first class, and Order of Georgi Dimitrov.
Attended 3d Congress of the IOJ.
GANESH, K. Not further identified. Contributed an article
to July issue of The Democratic Journalist,
entitled "Journalists in Ceylon."
CHILE
MILLAS, Orlando Editor of El Siglo. Attended meeting of the
IOJ Executive Committee held in Budapest,
October 1954.
WU Wen-tao Attended 3d Congress of the IOJ. Chinese press
representative officially listed at Geneva
conference of foreign ministers in 1954.
HU Kuo-cheng Attended 3d Congress of the IOJ.
LI Chung-chi Attended meeting of Executive Committee of IOJ,
Prague, October 1953. Possibly identical with
LIAO Cheng-chih, member of the Preparatory Com-
mittee for the first All-China Conference of
Journalists, who was elected as a delegate to
attend the 3d Congress of IOJ. No record that
he attended.
Staff writer of Jen-min Jih-pao. Attended
meeting of IOJ Executive Committee held in
Budapest, October 1954.
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WIWWIK~
CYPRUS
LERNIS, George Foreign correspondent in Prague for Neos
@ STATHATOS, Costas Dimokratis, organ of the Communist Party of
Cyprus.
Attended 3d Congress of the IOJ.
NEDVED, Antonin. Editor-in-chief of the Slovak newspaper Pravda
as of 1953 and Vice Chairman of the Board of
Slovak Commissioners. Attended 3d Congress of
the IOJ.
SPLITZ, Evsen Not further identified. Attended 3d Congress of
the IOJ.
ROSTISLAV, Petera Editor of Lidova Demokracie. Attended 3d Con-
gress of the IOJ.
ZAJAC, fnu Attended 3d Congress of the IOJ. Possibly iden-
tical with Ladislav ZAJAC, editor of Praca,
organ of the Slovak trade union movement.
FINLAND
RYOMA, Mauri Born 10 October 1911. Physician by profession.
Political prisoner 1940-44. Editor-in-chief of
the Party organ Tyokansan Sanomat as of 1951.
Also a member of the Board of the Finland-Soviet
Union Society during this period. Member of a
group of Party leaders who visited Moscow in
October 1952. Member of the Diet as of 1953?
Holds the following offices within the Finnish
Communist Party: Member of Central Committee,
Surveillance Section, Cadre Section, Military
Section, Red Guard Section, and Party Cabinet.
Attended 3d Congress of the IOJ.
KIVIKOSKI, Paavo Member of the Central Committee of the Finnish
Communist Party. Attended 3d Congress of the
IOJ.
63
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dawdppw
nzn.nnrrIllrwn~
PALMGREN, Raoul Communist. Born 1912. Former editor of Vapaa
Sam, organ of the Finnish People's Democratic
Union, but replaced by Jarmo PENNANEN in Janu-
ary 1953. Attended 3d Congress of the IOJ.
VIRTANEN, Ontoro Secretary of the Finnish General Newspapermen's
Union. Attended 3d Congress of the IOJ.and was
one of the organizers.
LAURIKAINEN, Aune Treasurer of the Finnish General Newspapermen's
Union. Member of the Preparatory Committee for
the 3d Congress of the IOJ. Born 16 September
1909. Visited the U.S.S.R. in 1927 as a member
of a labor delegation. Returned to the U.S.S.R.
in 1935 and while there attended a congress of
the Communist Youth International. Also attended
the Lenin School. Returned to Finland before
the war and became editor-in-chief of Kansan
HAGFORS, Irja
JANSEN, Vappa
REMBERG, Margarete Among the organizers of the 3d IOJ Congress.
.KUSMIN, Yrjo
MURTO, Kerttu Attended meeting of IOJ Executive Committee
held in Budapest, October 1954.
TALVIO, Ahti Attended meeting of IOJ Executive Committee held
in Budapest, October 1954.
FRANCE
COIN, Jean Born 21 February 1919 in the Gard. As of
1952 he was Secretary General of L'Humanite
and was named permanent correspondent from
the newspaper to Moscow. Attended the 3d
Congress of the IOJ.
BEDEL, Jean Born 10 December 1919 in Paris. After the
Liberation he was Secretary General of the
Comite National des Ecrivains. Formerly a
journalist with Cep Soijr. As of 1953 he was
a secretary of the Syndicat National des
Journalistes, French affiliate of the IOJ,
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a journalist with Liberation, and a member of
Combattants de la Paix, Attended 3d Congress
of the IOJ.
BARNIER, Lucien Born 18 September 1918 in Paris. As of 1951
Gustave he was editor of Avant Garde and a leading
figure in the Communist youth movement.
Delegate to the Vienna Peace Congress of De-
cember 1952. Attended 3d Congress of the IOJ.
CARREL, Andre Real name Andre Max HOCHSCHILLER. Born in
Paris 12 August 1917. Joined the Communist
youth movement in 1933. From 1935-39 he.was
political editor of Le Peuple. In 1942 he
was engaged in distribution of the underground
press of the French Communist Party. After
the liberation he became editor-in=chief of
L'Humanite. In 1949 he was appointed director
of the FCP newspaper La Marseillaise at
Marseille. As of early 1953 he was in charge
of the radio program "Ce Soir en France," a
series of broadcasts recorded in France and
transmitted from the People's Democracies and
Moscow. Former director of the Union Francaise
d'Information. Attended the 3d Congress of the
IOJ.
FRENCH WEST AFRICA
ETCHEVERRY, From Dakar. Attended 3d Congress of the IOJ.
Charles G. Editor of L'Afrique Noir.
EAST GERMANY
APELT, Fritz Born 4 February 1893 at Tierenfurt. Attended
3d Congress of IOJ. (See page 51 for biographic
information.)
WEST GERMANY
PERK, Willi Contributor to the IOJ publication The Democratic
Journalist. Former editor-in-chief of the
Dortmund Volks-Echo, appointed chief of the
West German edition-of Neues Deutschland in
1948. Was also deputy chief editor of
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Deutschland Sender as of 1950. As of 1953 he
was head of the West German Division of the State
Radio Committee. West German delegate to the
3d Congress of the IOJ.
GREAT BRITAIN
SLOAN, Patrick Editor of Maritpress, the Greek Communist News
Allen Agency in London. Attended 3d Congress of the
IOJ.
KARTUN, Derek Foreign editor of the Daily Worker as of 1951.
Reported to have been active on behalf of the
IOJ, but the nature of the activity was not dis-
closed.
SCHAFFER, Herbert Associated with Reynolds News as of 1951. At
Gordon this time was also President of the British
Peace Committee. Reported to have been active
on behalf of the IOJ, but the nature of the
activity was not disclosed.
HUNGARY
ERDEI, Alexander Deputy Minister of People's Culture as of May
1952. Attended 3d Congress of the IOJ.
VENECZI, Janos Not further identified. Attended 3d Congress
of the IOJ.
ICELAND
SIGURJONSSON, Born 11 September 1925. Active Communist. Writer
Asmunden for Thjodviljinn,. daily newspaper of the United
Socialist Party (Communist). Attended 3d Con-
gress of the IOJ.
INDIA
BAKAYA, Vimla Communist, formerly head of the IUS Bureau of
Students Fighting Against Colonialism. Attended
3d Congress of the IOJ.
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THAPAR, Romesh Communist. Editor of Cross Roads as of :L951.
Reported to have been active on behalf of the
IOJ, but the nature of the activities were not
disclosed.
Dr. MEDE, fnu Not further identified. Attended 3d Congress
of the IOJ.
Dr. RAK, fnu, Not further identified. Attended 3d Congress
also reported of the IOJ.
as RAD
SILBER, Jakov Chief, editor of KolHaam in Tel Aviv. Requested
by the IOJ to supply the names of a number of
Middle East journalists to be invited by the
IOJ to attend an international meeting of jour-
nalists.
PELLICANI, fnu Not further identified. Attended 3d Congress of
the IOJ. Probably identical with Michele
PELLICANI, born 7 July 1915 at Ruvo di Puglia,
poet, novelist, playwright, and journalist. Has
been associated with Communist activities for
a number of years.. In 1944 he was editor of
Civilta Proletaria, weekly Communist publication
in Bari. In 1945 he was editor of Azione
Proletaria, weekly Communist publication in
Potenza. In 1949 was Vice Director of Vie
Nuove, weekly publication of the Central Com-
mittee of the Communist Party of Italy (PCI).
PASTORE, Ottavio Senator and member of the Communist Party of
Italy, who has a long history of association
with L'Unita, daily newspaper of the PCI. At-
tended 3d Congress of the IOJ.
NORTH KOREA
KI Sok-pok Deputy Minister of Culture and Propaganda. At-
@ KI Sek Pok tended 3d Congress of the IOJ.
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DAMINDSOUREN, fnu Not further identified. Attended 3d Congress
of the IOJ.
POUNTSOK, fnu Not further identified. Attended 3d Congress
of the IOJ
I'FLE NETHERLANDS
BARUCH, Siegfried Born 17 February 1905 at Goettingen, Germany.
Deported from Germany in 1933 for Communist
activities. In 1934 he was editor of the In-
ternational Red Aid periodical Afweerfront.
In 1945 he was elected member of the Party
Council and Executive Committee of the Communist
Party of The Netherlands (CPN) and was also
editor of Politiek en Cultuur. In 1946 he was
a member of the Scientific Bureau of the CPN,
and in 1947 was deputy chief editor of De
Waarheid, organ of the CPN. In 1948 he was re-
elected to the Executive Committee of the CPN
and charged with the supervision of Ae Waarhe d
He was also a member of the CPN Central Control
Commission during this period. At the present
time he is a member of the Central Committee
and Executive Committee of the CPN, and director
of Pegasus, CPN publishing house. Travels
frequently to Eastern Europe. Attended the 3d
Congress of the IOJ.
van STRALEN, Born 25 June 1928 at Haarlem. Spent most of
Antonius 1951 in Prague as correspondent of De Waarheid,
newspaper of the CPN. Attended meeting of
Executive Committee of IOJ held in Budapest in
May 1951. Also attended World Youth Festival
in Berlin in August 1951.
NIGERIA
IKORO, Amaefule Prominent in the Nigerian Labor Federation, an
Nehru affiliate of the WFTU. In 1951 he was discussing
the formation of a National Union of Journalists
in Nigeria, but was apparently unsuccessful.
Attended the 3d Congress of the IOJ.
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.~f
ANDERSEN, fnu No further identifying information available.
Attended 3d Congress of the IOJ. Possibly
identical with AsbjOn ANDERSEN, a journalist
for Arbeideren as of 1946. Born 23 January
1906.
GALINSKI, fnu Attended 3d Congress of the IOJ. Probably
identical with Tadeusz GALINSKI, chief editor
of Trybuna Robotnicza.
GRODZIKI, August Member of the Central Committee of the Democratic
Party of Poland. Associated with Zycie Warszawy.
Attended 3d Congress of the IOJ.
BUROWSKI, fnu Not further identified. Attended 3d Congress
of the IOJ.
RUMANIA
CIOCANU, fnu Not further identified. Probably identical
with CIOBANU, Marin, correspondent for Scinteia
in 1951. Attended 3d Congress of the IOJ.
NOVICOV, Mihail Director of Cinematography in the Ministry of
Culture of the Rumanian People's Republic (RPR).
Member of the Editorial Committee of Studii si
Cercetari de Istorie Literara si Folklor, pub-
lished twice yearly by the Institute of Literary
History and Folklore of the Academy of the RPR.
Attended the Executive Committee of the IOJ in
Budapest in November 1948 and the 3d Congress of
the IOJ in 1950.
VOICU, Stafan President of the Rumanian Professional Journalists'
Union. Attended the Executive Committee meeting
of the IOJ in Budapest in November 1948 and the
3d Congress of the IOJ in 1950.
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Antionio OTERO Attended 3d Congress of the IOJ. Elected
Seco Secretary of the Committee of the Professional
Group of Spanish Journalists in Exile (A ru acion
Profesional de Periodistas Espanoles en Exilio
in February 1949. In 1952 it was reported that
he was writing articles on the Spanish question
which were printed in L'Observateur as the work
of Helene de la SOUCHERE, and also that he fur-
nished her information on Spanish opposition
activities in exile. In 1948 he was reported
to have moved from Paris to Rennes, where he
had been named a Spanish lecturer at the Uni-
versity of Rennes. Pro-Communist.
SWEDEN
ZENNSTROM, Per Olav Born .20 July at Tofte, Norway, but is presumably
a Swedish citizen. Elected to serve on Permanent
Committee of the World Committee of the Partisans
of Peace in 1949. In 1950 reported to be editor
of Konst och Kultur and of Var Tid. Elected
alternate member of the Central Committee of the
Swedish Communist Party in 1951. Attended 3d
Congress of the IOJ.
ARNOLD, Emil Born 22 January 1897 at Altodorf. In 1921 he
was a member of the Executive Committee of the
Communist International. As of 1952 he was a
member of the Executive Committee of the Swiss
Labor Party and editor of its publication
Vorwaerts. Attended meeting of the Executive
Committee of the IOJ in Budapest in May 1951.
Arrested in late 1951 or early 1952 by Swiss
government and sentenced to 8 months in prison.
U.S.S.R.
BURKOV, Boris Delegate to Executive Committee meeting of the
World Federation of Democratic Youth in Rome in
February 19148. Secretary of the Editorial Board
of Kommunist (formerly Bolshevik), theoretical
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and political journal of the Central Committee
of the CPSU, from June 1949 to June 1951. Deputy
chief editor of Ogonek as of September 1951.
Became editor-in-chief of Trud in February 1954.
Delegate to the 3d Congress of the IOJ.
TSHERDANTSEV, George Assistant Secretary of the Soviet Peace Com-
mittee. Attended 3d Congress of the IOJ.
KRAMINOV, Daniil F. Arrived in the United Kingdom in February 1943
as a correspondent for Tass. From 1944 until
the end of the war he was'a military correspond-
ent with the British Second Army. Returned to
London in May 1945 and was attached to SHAEF in
a civilian capacity. In September 1945 he
returned to Moscow. In June 1946 he was a Tass
correspondent at the war crimes trials in
Nuremberg. In 1948 he was reported as being
in Belgrade as editor of the English edition of
the Cominform Journal. From October 1952 to
April 1953 he was in the United States as a
correspondent for Pravda at the United Nations
Assembly in New York. In October 1953 he at-
tended a meeting of the Executive Committee of
the IOJ in Prague.
STREPUKHOV, Mihail Formed editor-in-chief of Trud. Replaced by
Boris BURKOV in February 1954. Attended 3d
Congress of the IOJ.
YUDIN, Pavel A leading Soviet ideologist and journalist.
Former chief editor of the Cominform Journal.
Member of the Central Committee of the CPSU,
and present Soviet Ambassador to China. For-
mer vice president of the IOJ.
SURKOV, Alexei Poet-editor. Born about 1899. Former dock-
worker in Petrograd. Enlisted as a soldier
in the revolution and fought in the Red Guard
with the Soviet forces in the civil war. Be-
came a professor in 1934. As of 1953 he was
a deputy of the Supreme Soviet and of the Mos-
cow City Council, a member of the Auditing Com-
mission of the Central Committee of the CPSU,
editor of Ogonek, and a member of the Bureau,
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of the World Peace Council. Elected First
Secretary of the Union of Soviet Writers in
December 1954. He was a U.S.S.R. delegate to
the 2d Congress of the IOJ held in Prague in
1947.
GREBNEV, A. Chairman of the Board of the House of Journalists,
U.S.S.R. Contributed an article to the September
issue of The Democratic Journalist.
ZASLAVSKIY Seventy-five year old D.I. Zaslavskiy? who has
(Zaslavsky) David been described by MOLOTOV as "a champion writer,"
Iosifovich is one of the leading Soviet Journalist-propa-
gandists. He has served on the Editorial Board
of Pravda since at least 1943 and for the past
three decades has been a prominent writer for
Soviet publications. He has also been identified
as a member of the Editorial Board of Krokoi ,
a satirical publication put out under the auspices
of Pravda, and as the Head of the Chair of Jour-
nalism at the Higher Party School (under the CPSU
Central Committee) in Moscow. Endowed with a
sarcastic, embittered, yet witty style, Zaslavskiy
has long served as the Communist Party's "lead"
propagandist in attacks on U.S. personalities,
policies, and economic and political institutions.
He has also gained international recognition as
one of the USSR's "most prominent commentators on
foreign affairs." A one-time critic of the
Bolsheviks and supporter of the KERENSKIY govern-
ment, Zaslavskiy reconsidered his political posi-
tion in 1919 and later became one of the most
militant supporters of the Soviet regime.
Zaslavskiy has traveled considerably and until
recently was very active in organizations such
as the International Organization of Journalists
(IOJ). He was sufficiently prominent to have a
biography included in the first edition of the
Bol'shaya Sovetskaya Entsiklo edi a (Volume 26,
published in 1933). Although his biography has
been dropped from the second edition of the
Encyclopedia, Zaslavskiy has continued to submit
signed articles to Pravda.
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David Iosifovich Zaslavskiy was born in 1879 in
so-called Russian Poland. He was educated at
the Kiev Gymnasium and University and became a
"revolutionary" in 1900, probably toward the end
of his scholastic career. In 1903 he joined the
Polish Jewish Social Democratic Party (Bund), a
self-styled Marxist group temporarily aligned with
the Bolsheviks. The following year Zaslavskiy
began his journalistic career on the Vilenskaya
(Wilno, Poland; now Vil'nyus, Lithuanian S.S.R.)
newspaper, Severo-Zapadnvy Golos (Northwestern
Voice), and later worked on the Kievayie Otkliki,
the Kievskaya Mysl', Dne, and other journals.
He reportedly attended the 5th Congress of the
Bolshevik Party in London in April 1907. In
1916 Zaslavskiy became a member of the Central
Committee of the Bund and probably participated
in making its 1917 decision to denounce the
Bolshevik program and to withdraw the Bn from
the Revolutionary Committee. At this time (1917-
18).Zaslavskiy sharply criticized the Bolsheviks
and supported the KERENSKIY government. With
the flight of KERENSKIY and the victory of LENIN
over oppositional forces however, Zaslavskiy ex-
perienced a political "revelation" and in 1919
became an ardent supporter of the new Bolshevik
regime.
Between 192+ and 1928 Zaslavskiy worked on the
newspapers Leningradskaya Pravda, Krasnaya Gazeta,
and Izvestiya. In 1927 as a special correspondent
for Izvestiya in Shanghai, he applied to the
American Consulate General there for a visa to
visit the United States for the purpose of "writ-
ing articles ... on economic and literary sub-
jects." The request was refused.
From 1928 until the present time Zaslavskiy has
been associated with Pravda. During World War
II he wrote on selected topics in international
affairs and may have worked as a war correspond-
ent; but one report of the war period suggests
that he also served on the editorial board of
Pravda. He was awarded the Order of Lenin in
1944 and in 19+5 received, along with other
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prominent publicists, the Order of the Father-
land War, First Class, "for successful war work
and in connection with the 10,000th issue of
Pravda."
After the war Zaslavskiy continued as a top-
notch poison-pen artist on. the Pravda staff
and also engaged in radio diatribes directed
mostly at the U.S. From 19+6 to 1951 he traveled
throughout Europe and spent considerable time
at international conferences. He was a delegate
to the 1st Congress of the International Jour-
nalists' Organization, which was held in Copen-
hagen in June 1946, and attended subsequent
conferences of the IOJ in November 19+8 at Buda-
pest, in September 19-9 at Prague, in September
1950 at Helsinki, and in May 1951 at Budapest.
By 1950, Zaslavskiy was a member of the Presi-
dium of the IOJ, and in 1951 reportedly was ex-
ercising (along with Soviet writer Boris BURKOV)
effective control of the IOJ Congress.
Zaslavskiy gave a series of lectures in Belgium
during February 19+8 under the auspices of the
Amities Belgo-Sovietiques; was a delegate to
the International Congress of Cultural Workers
in Defense of Peace at Wroclaw (formerly Breslau)
in August 1948, and traveled to Bulgaria in mid-
1949 in connection with joint Soviet-Bulgarian
cultural activities. A member of the All Union
Society of Soviet Writers., Zaslavskiy, in August
19+9 led a delegation of Soviet literary figures
on a tour of Poland, where they reportedly schooled
Polish writers in Soviet newspaper and propaganda
techniques. Two months later he was in Helsinki,
where he attended the 3d Congress of the Finland-
U.S.S.R. Society. The following October Zaslavskiy
was elected to membership in the Soviet Committee
for the Defense of Peace at the All-Union Confer-
ence of Partisans for Peace held in Moscow, and
in November 1950 was selected as a delegate to
the Second World Peace Congress, which met in
Warsaw.
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Zaslavskiy often has made use of his presence
at international gatherings to attack the U.S.,
and especially to jibe at the American press,
which he claims is completely controlled by
"powerful monopolies" and prints only rumors
and gossip. On the other hand, he preaches
that the Soviet Union offers the greatest free-
dom of the press in the world and that "with-
out fear of exaggeration ... the first issue
of Pravda was the most important milestone in
the world of the press since Gutepburg finished
his first press."
Zaslavskiy has been described as "squidlike in
appearance" with a "high, bald dome," a long,
hooked nose, and small, darting eyes which us-
ually display a mischievous twinkle but which
reveal a "sudden abject fear" if he is spoken
to unexpectedly. Zaslavskiy's writings are
often punctuated with references to Russian as
well as foreign literature. According to re-
ports and observations, it would seem that he
has a good command of the English language,
which he reads fluently.
UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA
BUCKLE, James Attended 3d Congress of the IOJ. ' Leader of
Desmond the Transvaal Council of Non-European Trade
Unions and a frequent visitor to WFTU meetings
in Europe.
STAROBIN, Joseph Former correspondent of the Daily Worker and
Daily People's World. Contributed an article
to The Democratic Journalist.
VIETNAM
TRAN Lam Head of the Voice of Vietnam propaganda section.
Attended 3d Congress of the IOJ.
NGUYEN anh Hong Attended 3d Congress of the IOJ. No other in-
formation presently available.
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www"r
Appendix:
AMER, Ibrahim
ARNOLD, Emil
BITTEL, Karl
BUNTING, Brian
Chin CHUNG-Hua
DOLEJSI, Vojtech
DUMITRESCU, Vasile
ESKHOL, David
HACHEM, Jaoudat
HERMANN, Jean-Maurice
JACOVIDES, Stelios
KANKI, Haruo
KOBAYASHI, Yuichi
KOWALCZYK, Josef
MARION, George
Francisco MARTINEZ de la Vega
MIHALIFY, Erno
PACULL, Juan Emilio
PLATZ, Ernest
RAU, Chalapathi
SCHAFFER, Herbert Gordon
Membership of the Initiating Committee for a Broad
International Meeting of Journalists
Egypt
Switzerland
Germany
Union of South Africa
China
Czechoslovakia
Rumania
Israel
Lebanon
France
Cyprus
Japan
Japan
Poland
U.S.A.
Mexico
Hungary
Chile
Australia
India
Great Britain
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SIMONOV, Konstantin
SUAREZ, Luis
VELEV, Ljuben (Leuben)
WEBER, Karl August
Mexico
Bulgaria
Germany
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iti
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