(UNTITLED)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-00915R000400230008-4
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 10
• Document Creation Date: November 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 11, 2000
• Sequence Number: 8
• Content Type: REPORT

Appro r Release 2000/04/14 Cl RDP7e a00 51, (1--3000
No.: PACE- nc~ osur
F
NEEDHAM, Joseph
UNCLASSIFIED
Security Classification)
UNITED KINGDOT
Dr. Joseph Needham, Professor of Biochemistry at Cambridge University, has
been described as one of England, s leading scientists whose work on the chemistry
of embryonic development is standard,, S:_nce the publication of the Report of
the "International Scientific Commission" to which he signed his name, and his
insistence that the communist charges of the use of germ warfare by the United
States Air Force during the Korean conflict are true., his prestige as a scien-
tist has declined considerably, Dr. Needham first became absorbed in China and
the Chinese when he served as head of the British Scientific Mission to China
from 1942 to 19146 in Chungking. His knowledge of written Chinese is reported
to be extremely good, and he is currently working on a history of science and
civilization in China, Since World War II, Needham, who has been associated
with a number of communist-sponsored causes has shown himself in his writings
to be an uncritical admirer of the communist regime in China. He is President
of the British China Friendship Association and is also a member of the London
Peace Council.
In 1952 he was appointed a member of the so-called International Scientific
Commission which had been formed on the initiative of the communist-sponsored
World Peace Council, to investigate communist charges of germ warfare against
the United States. He and several other Western scientists (with pro-communist
leanings) went to China in July 1952. Needham returned to the United Kingdom
in September 1952 with the "findings" of the Commission,, a long document
allegedly showing proof that units of the United States armed forces had been
using bacteriological weapons. Needham admitted to the press that none of
the commissionis members ever saw anything - test tube or receptacle d being
dropped by an American plane, that the evidence was based on hearsay., and that
the commission operated unscientifically. Nevertheless, he continued to
maintain, both in public speeches and in letters to the press, that the UN had
used germ warfare. (In his letters to the press, Needham signed himself as
Vice President., Eastern Regional Council, United Nations Association.. The
United Nations Association in Britain subsequently disclaimed responsibility
for his behaviour.) one of Needham's allegations was that during World War II,
while he was in China, he had sent reports to the British Government regarding
alleged Japanese use of germ warfare against the Chinese, and that now the
Americans had taken over Japanese methods and repeated Japanese crimes. The
Joint Under Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs denied in parliament that
the Government had ever received such reports from Needham during the ware
During November and December 1953 Needham and Sir George P. Thompson,,
Master of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge and a distinguished scientists
exchanged a number of letters published in The New Statesman and Nations
Needham stated that the repudiation of ++conies5ioris" y American Army Air
Force personnel had in no way shaken his belief that the United States had
conducted germ warfare during the Korean conflict. Thompson refuted Needham9s
Staff l? ;IP17 1V915R000400230008-4
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No.: r'n +., PAGE.- -3- losure '1.)
UNCLASSIFIED
(Security Classification)
F-claim that the "confessions" of the ai..rmen were merely corrobatory evidence an
pointed out that the ,confessions?, filled a vital gap in the. communists?
Ptevidencett in that no other proof existed that American planes were the source
of disease-carrying insects found in North Korea and northeast China. On
December 12 Needham wrote that "regardless of communist germ propaganda, the
fact remains that preparations for bacter:'.ological warfare are being intensi-
fied in the United States ...and the refusal of the American Government to
sign the Geneva, Convention causes civilized scientists curious disDuiet."
The Daily Telegraph,, commenting on Needh, sn9 s political beliefs, quoted
him as ma a.ng e o owing statement in 1936 on the death of the Russian
scientist, Pavlov: ' avlov and Lenin wil.l be remembered as Russiaes gifts to
the 20th century. ,xi ant figures, one of knowledge and the other of comradship.
They point the way td the new world, the coming of which nothing shal:L, in the
end, prevent." in 1`37, addressing the conference of Modern Churchmen at
Cambridge, Needham d4clared that the aims of Communism were in the spirit of
Christianity. Arthur Koestler in The Yog and the Commissar in discussing
some of Needham's e6days in Time, , Re s zar: Ravex? cornrnerr:s as follows:
itWe are in the presence of a "'sr 1i1 e n e~o w a ravages the infatuation
with Marxian d:': lectics may cause in an otherwise clear braise."
personal data: Bars. 1900; son of Dr. Joseph Needham of Harley Street; married,
4, Doro y Mar r Moyle, a research wo,,ker for the Medical. Research Council
Biochemical Laboratory at Cambridge since 1946.
Ed ,,Candle hool- Benn Levy Stud t in Biochemist'-yx, 1922'1924,
r?'tamiria'ge. MoA9$`PhoD.$ Sc.D4 (Cantabt)F.
Honors: Fellow of the Royal Society.
Lance ges: Chinese,
Ilat'ona eiping Academy, Chinese Chemical Society; corresponding member,
SSocigtg philomathique de Paris; Hone Member Yale Chapter of Sigma Xi.
Director of Colletts Holdings Ltd. which runs the Russian. Bookshop, etc.
publications: Science,., Religion and Reality (edited), 1925; Man a Machine,
i se Skep ,x.ca BLo ogx,s?~ ? en essays, 1929; Chemical. ER171 rMgy
(3 vo1s, 1931;- The Greg Amphibian, fo Icetureaon ?,eposition of
religion in. a won omin.a e yY science, 1932; A History of Embryology,
1935; Order and Life, 1935; Christianity and the ocia evo a ion
(edite), 1937 ventures before Birth (translated), 1936; Perspectives
in Biochemistry (Hopkins s resen atio Volume, edited), 1937;e3ac~ roan
o Mod ern cience (edited), 1938; Biochemistry and Morphogenesi
'The eac er o ations, addresses iii =Hssays En commemoratT.o of the visit
Associations: Foreign Member, National Academy of China (Academia Sinica),
Approved For Release 20
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M t cat
/4 A-RDP78-009158000400230008-4
7
 0- ved For Release 200014&_: CIA-RDP78.00915R000400230008-4
Security .lassdjacattion)
osCcmenius,
ucationalist, John Am
9i3',
of the great Czech ed Briti
n land in 1911 e Soviet Unions by seven British scien s
to E g 1942; Science in tn -F-?-" essays and addresses,
(edited), e: fie RP res i P ~? ez, and scienti-?
(edited), l)42; u political religion of the
is on our i, a coerce Dutpost (Paper
science., 191 6a Science I
History . Cziltese Sc` T9 __ Bop ins and Biochemistry
lc ai 9 ' _-ser a On 0ff"iceT, sao ogy an Ba .o,
Sino-British Science Coop ilosophical journals.
1949; Chart to illustrate t,11e 1i' sto. cal y o and p h
(edited)a 1926; original papers in b. o10g-i.
chemistry,
1
Career t
~ can Sub-Lieutenant, Royal Navy. Cambridge*
1914_1918 Surg and Cains College, t
1924,date Fellow, CXonv211e gtanford University,
1928??1933 University demonstrator in Biochemisr'Y0
1929 Visiting Professor of Biochemi.strYA
ornia. Cambridge-
Cali e Sir William :Dunn Reader in fic.cherf':Lstry9
1933??dat and Cazmalt Lecturer', "Yale University;
1935 Terry cturers, Corne11 University;
Go1 1-Smith Le London*
Mead?Swing Lecturer, Oberlin College?of physicians, L
Oliver Sharc~eY Lecturer, Royal. College
1936 1936 Spenser Lecturer,, Orford Universitym the universities
1931937 Herbert Lecturer for polski raalcow and Wi lnoologiczne~
1937 wow, m chiff Lecturer, Cornell arsaw~ of y~!4enOr L London; S
1940. ComteMenori?a?a~ Lecturer, L
Universitya
1942m1946 Head of British S sch ientif Embasscy, Mission to C ilr+assion,
Chungking3
Chinese National Resources Commissions
Counselor, Brice Force Research
Ad:Yriser to Chinese Army
edictal (~dmiristrataon and the Chinese Air t to
M
reau. Soviet Go of the
195 Visited Moscotr &t the a.nvio fthe 200theanni ersary rr~nE.
attend the cel;,ebrations
os ow Aeademy o f ciences. of t1le World Federation of
1946 Obse'!"ef"' at t'he touncla.tion meeting aril replaced by
ntists, London.
Scie ESCO, P
19461 4 Head, 1 atu l Sciences Diva lions U~3
Pierre Anger in kprilc
tux r, L
ondona reslau, Aug st;
x.94? Conway Memaria3. L
d ljorld Congress of lntellectualsy B third session,
1 nferenceA
Co
d
1919
1950
Atten
e ate, UNESCO Genera...
1lternate deleg
November;
yy e `Lecture19 Oforda ride and Friendship with the
elcomaid ?'tte Congress for Peace, T
USSR in London. of California;
itebcddle,rrofessor, 'tjniversity
o uchi Lecturer, Johns LIs1,pkins UniversitY,
ob'iouse 'Lecturer, University of London;
. cation)
P78-0091.5RQOQ400230008-4
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No.:
Protested the failure of the British Assn. of Scientific Workers
to reelect Prof. J.D. Bern..;
Welcomed the Chinese dele!?;a.tion. sponsored by the British-Chinese
Friendship Association or, their arrival in England; the London
Embassy reported that he was "cautious in the extreme's in his
comments on the Far Eastern situation; he expressed the fear
that the UN was becoming an anti-commuxiist league and that the
East was being driven apart from the West`- a situation which
he thought might be remedied by the seating of Communist China
on the Security Council3 he also entertained the delegation
when they visited Cambridge;
In July he signed a letter to the Times deploring the dumping of
500 tons of bombs on industrial targets in North Korea.
1951 Visiting Professor,, University of Lyon;
One of the organizers of the Authorso World, Peace Appeal;
Member of a team organized by the National Council for Civil
Liberties to look into the incidents alleged to have taken
place between British delegates to the Berlin Yough Congress
and US troops in Austria;
Corresponding member of the International Commission for a
Scientific and Cultural History _,.f Mankind,
1952 Addressed a meeting of the London Peace Council along with Sir
John Pratt and Dr, Jayne-,Endicott on "The Way to Peace in the
Par East"
Worked with the Science for Peace movement;
Re-elected President of the British-China. Friendship Association;
May 8: at a meeting of the Authorsq World Peace Appeal he referred
to the "very strong" circumstantial evidence of the use of
bacteriological weapons by the US (Daily Worker).
Unclassified items taken from the following classified despatches:
Dv39?, Hong Kong, August 21, 1953 (Confidential)
D-1558,, London, October 3a 1950 (Confidential)
D-1987, December 2? 3953 (Restricted)
Items taken from the following unclassified despatches.-
D-2173-9 London,, December 9 1952
D-2170,, London,, December 7, 1953
D-2713, London,, December 9, 1953
D?1913; London, November 25, 1953
The Yogi and the Commissar, Arthur Koestler
7
J
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 LtdSSIF1 IJ
n)
Security Classi ratio
Continued
rDaily Worker (London)
_._- ovexn er ie, 1951
,August 7 , 1951
Jari.ary 1Os 1952
May 8, 1952
Ap -U 1, 1953
The Times (London)
ember 68 1952
September 16, 1952
October 7s 1952
wily Telegraph (London)
ep em er 79 1952
September 239 1952
New-york Times
---~^D m e~r-1,89' 1951
September 159 1952
Time, may 25 s 1953
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ASSYM
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ecuyaty assi cation)
MALTERRE I J earn
FRANCE
It C' is a speeiaUSt in of ricu5ture, director of the
re
n
y
l.Lan and Spanish Societies of. Anzma:l. gus a
I~a
the
y
Jean Ma er
7,aborato1 of Animal physiology, National College of Agriculture at
Grignon. He " formerly a livestock expert in UNRRA, working chiefly in
d
b
Ethiopia and also La Rome, He is, or has been.,a corresponding member of
r
A- to of the V'a?Mccrtal School of Agriculture at Grignon
a
fa].l.owing mont'h..
i Malterre is a gra.
wh;4h he entered in 1916. Trained as a geneticist, he later worked mainly
i the field of animal breeding. He is not known to have had any special
trainin; in microbiologyThere is no evidence that Malterrre is 'an' actual Communist party member.
He is$ however., a member of the CGT (Co,"minist?=dominated trade union federa-
tion) Teachers" Union. In November 1952 he was selected by the Peasants
Peace Congreesa Y.sl.dnear Paris (to create an agricultural counterpart of
the peace movement) to be a delegate to the Peace Congress in Vienna the
M ime ",1' Q .gepte her 221. 1952
... _ _ _; 4Y n
N
t
ew
o
t
are.
l
data
c
..
r--- -
l76l Pariss ptember l9y l9 2 Note: rac:vua
a me~i' er' of CG't Teachers' Union derived from this telegram
. ?e
,
AIF)
ITFTM'WJT
wh. h "was c .ass1..e(I Cb
 Appr .dr Release 2000/04/14., CIA-RDP78 915R00QA00230008-4
'No.
ecunty lassiflcation)
The, Swedish newspaper Svenska Daghiadet on August 14, 3952, carried an
an fl International scientific commitueewt investigating the facts of the
'
bacteriological warfare in Kos a" was Dr. Andrea Andreen of
"American
Stockholmt.
r Andrea clr e i Sias In, Orby, eden, July 11j 3:888. She is
aetic
p g al car and is chief physician at the Stockholm Hospital
Central Clinical Laboratory (appointed 1945). She was the first wife (1909-
1915) of the well-known Swedish bioc.,heni st, The Svedberg.
tie Mrs. Andreen hs:s ' beet..' the author of aeiteral scientific publications,
they' ha ve been largely her collected lectures on sexual hygiene and clinical
P'611cations ih medical chemistry with special reference to blood sugar deter-
minations She is, therefore,, not a professional bacteriologist.
Wh at vest on.#,hedrdoes pxo3`essias qualifications for the type of
. ga f ew proposed to make, she more than makes up in
political.' zeal. ` - :' 'hough not an open member of the Communist Party, she is
sertair ly. an ardent (and Sweden9 s foremast woman.) fellow-traveler. She
has' attended Most of'the front orgaiization, "peace congresses?, held in
Zurppe , since the Last war and her name usually appears on any Party line
petition or circular. She is very often an initiator and member of the
zious cdiin ittees and congresses for which the Party line may can at any
nom t. Far From'being the peaceful, "do-good', type,, Mrs. Andreen is a
m ,l .tan? fighter 'for at*,, front activity. Her travels during the post-war
;`ear's have taken her freq ntiy to Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union,
She 3.s 'officially a member of the Swedish Social Democratic Party (?unless
that ;party hMs e4 1 ided nett) .
e,is President of t h! ' i Tie 4'edlsr omens s l,efti.st Associations the
Swedish section ' f the Women s International Democratic Federation (WIDF).
T4s orgaziization is the most important of the more specialized front
orgax zatiorxs in Sweden and is. to all intents and purposes, the women's
Organization of the Swedish Coim inlst Party.
Activities are` the following;
Feb. I917 Attendee fi. st ses'si.rr f u roil of the F'' Paris.
948 Attended the "Womeros Peace Congress" in Budapest.
%.9 /as the Commart.ist 'arty4 s chief figure head for organizing
$".sh participation in the Paris Pe ce Congress.
fir. 1.950 Was one off' the pri?nc pal organizers of the notorious Stockholm
2 ot1 " s5` of the Partisans of Peace (Stockholm Apjeal)
de
April. 150 Atten
d the WThF ectitive Meeting in Helsinki.
Veeurityy Lass fa a on)
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~~~
(S~curi Classification)
June 1951 Attended the meeting of v he Itieeutive Cou nc .. ~ of" R in
o ia, Bulgaria, when the repvf :. E" {, sc W1DT3 ++Korea GomMSS:Lon"r
was studied. Oft" her return, to Sweden, Mrs. Andreen said.
"The report is a terrible and a documented indictment'.
Apr. 1952 Was a member of the International Sponsoring Committee for
participation in the Inte m~%-tional Gor.feren.ce in Defense
Jul. 1952 (According to-'a Moseo po't) wa; a member of an itinternational
Scientific committeetf rives ,i_ga L1Tg the facts of the "American
bacteriological 'warfam in area"
Sep. 1952 Return,.+ed to Sweden from` Cbtnq where ehe had spent two months
7. -
Oct. 1952 Appointed Cbairma .fi of the newly founded Swedish-Chinese Friend
ship Society,, Stockholm.
may 1953 Was a 'member of the. ?1arirning Committee for the 'World Peace
Congress to be held in .Budapest an June 1953; the Planning
~fiy e diet in Stockholm. May 5-8,. 1953,
Attended an int. iat3cnal, i*o xes of doctors (world Medical.
June 1953
Nov.
+Qo egress}S, Vien ta. wear 1953
Attended World Pee Council, Budapest, and was elected a
meatier of the CouncD.,
Attended'the I)P lon s9 in Copenhagen., and was elected ene
Grf e vice rtvtidents of the Federation.
195.3 Attended 'nth me(.?ting cf the World Peace Council,, Vienna. November
Dec*' 1953 Was awarded the Stalin.- Peace Pie.
Swedish o ? s ao)
e s sod: 7 e o es m ..~.~ w. o.
Svenska .g" laded (main press organ of Swedish Conservative Party.
u is ; in Stockholm) August 3i., 1952.
oc ins teas Lender, 1952 (anc Nudes lists of main officials of
o f . Paris Apr l J-5 ~
ItZ Dag (Min press organ of Swedish Communist Party, published
?uri 29, 1953
September 6, 1952
tc-tab6r , 1%2
Nay;3O, 1953
'ec mber 2I s 1953
Veb6mber 22. 1953:
ha ha ,News:, September 15,
(.entity ` lassific'ittibn
/04114 ; ;CIA-Rq-FT , jw 0 1 4 0230008-4
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ors Releaa 200,0/04114,;,;. A-?P78-009 0000230008-4
a
i'+' f
. nd o Folk (main press organ of paxrL
ca C;orjmm st Party published in
Report from t.S Corid tee for partic7.. ~3tion in the International
o'deIrence .n Defense` a'f Childreny' New York, .March 10., 1952?
p$f:ch #1076 Stockholm Embassy,, Maur 8 R 1953
despatch Copenhagen Embassy. December 2~ 19 3.
sources from which cea a
Telegrar- 4421,, Stockholm Embassy. Apri. l 9 .9 m
eepatch 221.E S Uor o1-ire Em bass 9 Ma h 6z 1950 F
yt ,
ch 29It Stoc14' olm Embassy- Se t,ernber 15P
ry
338, Stoc 1hw n Embass y,, Septet sE? 172 19!>2.
#
19 a2
ele ram X72.. 5tocl x sa ri'. F.m sy, Sep ember 25.9
Despatch 240,, Stockholm Embassy,, August p
. , 1953
gppr ved for Release /0 ,00915R000400230008-4
 Or Rele, a 2000/O $., 4dI RUP78-00 000400230008-4.
ecaaraty Classification)
LIVO, Oliviero Mario ::.(Prof
Olivo has a very high professional re pit taLion as a specialist in anatomy
weekly) s may 279 191?
Rome, September 259 1952,, UNCLASSIFIED.
"Sao Diltaliaa' April 13, 1951
sc a~omrnta"nist mvntla] Y)9 November December 1950.
r"T $ pril 2, ..19 8.
is E Gli Italiani Di O,ggi 19L??
eoialized fields
t
ontributions to ej.r
died pr~;~es a? one million lire for outstanding c
was one cffour Itali.ann scientists to whom President Einaudi
fiur~t 9.49 he
,d he 'Vni is States as a fellow of the Rockefeller Foundation. He has
ne].a several` teaching postsp at "~ ,aliaxi t z.ivers'itiess the iriost recent being
thAt pl", prafess r of Norinmal Human'Anato at the University of Bologna. He
belongs to numerous prOfesaiona~. sos; oboe ahc I.ud ng Lincei' Academy. In
histolo m Born on May 24, 1896 an Trieste, he studied in Italy, Germany
from`polit1 cal activity and there are conflict-
so ist regime he abataI.ned
,
~ .11
o ga ii ,t~.on sponsored by` the I,eft3st Tiemcicratic Popular wont. During the
ture called 'by the A1:1,iarice for the Defense of Culture, a pre-electoral
(u9
In April ghg Olivo took pare as a. speaker an the ngress o r ian
nn .reports eonoernixg whether he ever joined the Fascist Party
; dhe ?en td the Congress of Information regarding Recent Scientif c
8tud~ ee the Sov ;et U pion at ox~ence In Jafia"IT 1951 he participated in
program iri Emilia for 'delebratian'ref" the .-af Soviet Friendship. He
'w'A a. candidate on the - "Independent" (leftist but :o':. Co iunist) :List for the.
was refu.sed a visa in February 195 to attend. the Feaee Faxt isans
ongre`a ' he u ed oi,e heel in tie t nited tatesm fin" tovenber '1950 he was
' gna Municipal Council in the elec Toms of May 1951.
~u?~ai~ea
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