PROSPECTS FOR THE CHINESE COMMUNIST COMPOSITE PROGRAM PART II

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-00915R000800220027-0
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 62
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 20, 1998
• Sequence Number: 27
• Content Type: REPORT

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PROSPECTS FOR T aMIUMSE c I 9
F
3.
1. Class Struggle.... ............................... 3
' ` .rrr..........rr.,..r.,.r??,r.a.a..r...... 7
t.,rrtar..a?,.rr.,.r.....,N,.N,.N.N,.....? 3
4. FALL i'RiS~yV~f'R: ' '~. f N. a a r' i a M r,, R iR M a. r' r a, 11 !!! a f F M i 1 i f 4 a k 15
5. Socialist Revolutions,??....a.aa ................ 19
22
3.
4.
5.
1. The Workers*.***.*** .......................r.,rr 22
2. The .. ,. r,. a. r r, r., N r a a r a r .. N a, r a,. a M .. 24
Methods in the W Y .......... .-. .... ?N'.'. .. 27
Rural Results...** ... r r..r.. a r r..,..,.,r,....,.. 29
The iyer ~t+ " r,r.,,rr.r?w.r ................. 29
31
31
d!nefltatic ...,rr..r?..-,...,.....r..,. 35
3. Party Iutent;ious ..a.,..a .................r.,
4, Changing Concept ofRectficcation..r...,,.,.a.,. 140
5. Current Implementation or Campaignosaosawosoooos 41
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2. Be
page
45
cboo3sPolic rrrrrrrrr.rrrrs.rrrrrrrrr..R 45
ons or In l L'~1 ".Brrrrrrrsrirrsrssrasar
50
52
55
56
]3. C s ence off,-t, the e Demmratic ?a 4ewy1,,.,,, t ~. e e ~. r i s r 11 r
F r The "Irate3cti of the Yfcwld cUss............
5? tip Uti11.satsilnrrrrrsesrrrrrrrrsrrysrs ~tsrcrra?
O PARTS I Ann
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The Chinese Commuilet press
Intellectumls problem th ter
spirit of those * a, begau an
,P stter to "rim tb*M into
initiall,y s irk freedom t irxe within the bounds of their
ex9stmion a shi in their political
o f StIn4ating
f
actors, professional
to tir "essil fief, mod tied this cl
b o to criticize qty cadres wuq t the
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e k an reported In Jua-maxin
qPSO of 17
o, through other steps taken by the
1 0,
g t society
bb"s
p
that there were coat,
solved* A single owl
the ems, i
use edit ,
'?t jf the tic
be coved by pemosable, persuasive means.''
lution and socialist
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(k
,a
\)
l h' os m e . It 4,
booed-* $n io WOW,
c,ea3 cmer."
k Ai Nii AJ,_rr0
Iv~
f ~
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which the regim had laer
does not s u his aged, When Vvi mss tho quutim
the p*qpU,, this does not mma
s,
6id."tkwxv
tkwxv
proome ec t3 di
proome
by
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Coftt'lMad for a t 1*'U Ava?. This POUtIftlr ,, vh1cb
man Incited the fists t lri # has been Of U XU1 . furV
c to t1 d0fenes of socialist aeKt
rightlat b ois attscl ."
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7 Aga
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of 6 A 11t rvvealod
0
k
itadlo ,
the ology a capitalism* New thatrxry workers mad mimn
* ow rs babrought v1 U x tbam a lot of n vo rking class 3a olog s
Among the w* . , At t
did not U a tb=vuSU
and tend to usakan,paxty
Wrty
AM opinion,
west to destroy working class uuit;
to dull t PCOO It UMOO In
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i b 1 t o & C M 1 4 n , Duxdvg the l
he
t
as
it;
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29
11;3rlw It
It 5
ak for fUlt
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expropriation of
land* houses, 0401%
29
C i
t
big ca
a, one advocated ing the C et
Party by tit overtbrowtag t
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The 7 August
prod=tim oft 24,,000 cattles c t
PWOSAg off
It 1 tt samed a grams
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a 1-1 twee
L number of
ell4sal the vast majority vould return to countryside homes to
almah vtth thaws t
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ecasidw t o erlves
"At the mm tom,, y
dicated by t
t for the nU23 t s " but this, as 43,00 in
ib
? rst of the t : rip argme a
t `rrng UrSv wx* to the . arms to beU local
l4 -
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n r s rural arms had beem. disssti ` sd with their vm*,
but bad boo" ee ti'+ their "const i ss"fi raised tbrouch
it said, "realized
Agn of diacc dlstout vith cadres" tbaw warkIng
eats and mcwt to of this c1 Stru.
gills is Seen, U 4sCess cd' its VrqVess vithin the
secs., Smw think rightists exist
does not e with the its. The anti-rightist strunle
is datUfte1y,
ck...Sanse vhc jo:
t ,: but
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utii
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do not W 4 to the l program at the par,y*
A tort can be Won, moot readily
to attacked if t
ArshIp at the P
but a s *U mlw y In the party and in
van one r,
w.U o and
any dime Are not merely a
IV to v
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a b
2 Au wt states# IUSht
lautiau am ext3 r tla do
y&atr
c' 14 AuMmt r 1od in an aditarlaa
CommistIbuth Loom
11
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A t the ma time I t t out at t' a Catist
UVOI m
test
3.,,, o o not ;
.*e t +:
t them.'.) Jon-min Jih- o of 5 August ccMents t
o t
a m in to i e"ryxio I
Of c6O; a ,,Wi ti , tLwdjk"
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-.
t
a t In the 3
a"tx. s
the d a Uc qt of z j'- t nw" ' vha conaept
advwKwd in ary?
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a t t ?? w X cbmio in the social
b t about by the 'victarles in the ?rs .c $.
c. t*t v the bbuiWzg of anad)
test. The ImvUw and r of this revolutiri
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by
be rei
14001091
mtrussU w for i
. !'? us frm &U ides, so it is tqxwtout that p ar educat:taft
olutIon
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rocs c
VI ur
gaw to c. u VbSt
x z o why ovVILed al
ef
to eamd=t $4001831 5t
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an the bottwp and b velAmv Mast be achieved
as rightists in
tiat "The
r o p b y the older wear r in * r ue1 I is is eppeciAlly,
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ch s, bUckboard
~at tcn a tam* c x Us momnent
10August in
foam 'Ve
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t
,, during ch
,, to c pol t goal
rxweI i' to
iutmsifly
to
into mociall .
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a trait inominea In the Pmanant.. .
to than that plac
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side
The 10 August bUW&b Jih reported the Central Coma t1
directive which ordered that the countryside caWalga of socialist ed-
ucation be initiated in the form of a "big debate.' The subject of
this debate, basica ly, will be 'Whetherr to take the capitalist or
the socialist path." It is designed to bring understei4tng to peas-
ants and cooperative cadres on the right and wrong
questions which have sassrged in the rural areas throughout Chinn, and
as of state policies on these questions. The
main questions to be discussed are: 1) The superiority of cooperatives;
2) Control pxnrcbase and wa ueting of farm products; 3) The worker-
peasant relationship; and, 4) Suppression of counterrevolutionaries
with lays. The debate will be conducted by working
units sent by party committees into the villages and cooperatives to
"strengthen criticism" of capitalist, individualist thinking
peasants, and to identify love of family with love of cOUnUvY snd love
of cooperative. It should include all ambers of the local population,
and directive says, and should
expression of opinion. Irron
everyone with a chance for full
should be treated gently and
persuasively, except for reactionary, provocative comments of landlords,
rich peasants, and oouunterrevolutionaries, which should be ac carat--
tacked vigorously. It refers to
in the country$
is as a *rectification
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In Kansu Province, 54,000 people of various goverment organs,
mass organizations, and schools had been farted into a front which
was engulfing 1,4,00 rightists in villages and factories in argtaaent
at eetings, according to J;sg:SLn Jih' of 5 August. The people
are organised and cooperatives produce "hard facts* on economic and
cultural de
'nt before and after liberation. The masses stake
a to date, and the superiority of the
cooperatives is emVhasised. The relation between peasants and workers
is discussed,, and the correctness of govermrrnt purchase and collec-
tion of grain is shown. Activists care the old days with today,
and this is discussed, the article aka. In l eh Province, accord-
ing to Jan-mm Jib-,n" of 29 duly, peasants were incited to expose
and oppose the activities and state mats of those who u ed at restor-
~-qf capitalism, One cooperative held, a meeting to expose such absurd ideas, it said.
ati end pointed out that the cooperativ director worked hard for
it and its members, who were all payed according to their work. Mem-
bers at the meting argued against the statement by a landlord that
the director was the owner and the members were his slaves. They
brought up this l+rlord es past record, and forced his to confess his
t one noting, the higher living standard was advanced in
refutation of those who praised the statements of rightist Ko Psi-chi.
The mass agreed that the answer to these elements was in better pe o-
duotion, it said.
of 13 August told r how thepsople of a hsiang
mass meeting to expose and conde= a rich
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farmer who had engaged in illegal grain transactions. After the masses
demanded it, he was arrested by the haien procurators office.
I,. Rural Results
Imesediate grains which the party hopes to
rural program lie in the area of a pressing, current need. &WAL
of 5 August states that with the intensification of ideal
ide, the result will be a significant
increase in the smounit of food grain procured. In one haiang in
Shantung, it says, such education brought about a basic. change in the
as attitude toward selling their surplus grain, and the local
goal was overfulftiled, demonstrating the fact.that a problem of ideo-
logy is involved in the question of toad-grain. When the people
revert to capitalistic thinking,* it saga, "the problem become acute,
but when they progress to socialism, the problem role"*.*
5. The Universities
In his speech to the National Peoples Congress, as reported
in Jan-min Jih-roan of 27 June, Chou Ear-141
used for
strengthening political and ideological education in the schools, which
had. been demonstrated by the events during the *great blo
especially emphasised the need for Ideological remolding among
teachers, who are responsible for training the next generation. They
should continue their own voluntary self-education,
but stated
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"It is not easy to arc oneself with proletarian ideal
the a atidst of violent class strugglo, to separate
right from wrong, and to be able to lead students on the correct path.
Teachers and educational departments at all levels, he
prove political and ideological education for students, basing r it
on the atudentss' ideological status.
19 Au
buaro agar Kiang Shang announced the initiation of socialist eduacs
tion in the universities in the fort of wa use in social
logical education within the eurriculm." This course, he said, would
differ from the regular extra-curricular methods of political eduaca-.
Lion, which would be continued, in both content and fora. It will be
established in emery year of higher education. 'This courses' he said,
#ll constitute a class education in the socialist revolutionary move-
=ant., and must not be thought of as an ordinary
riculun. It is part of the rectification m ve?ent, of socialist ed-
ucation,, and of the great action-wide debate.' It will stress
clan of bourgeois thought and the no
proletarian though
point of view through
ge warned that teachers
used to teaching a.rxisa.sLeuinim out of books might not be able to
drop pedagogical nothods easily and ~~' Marxism-IA ism in the clam
truggle, as would be necessary.
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rectify the
cove eosit? program? The original canpal4p was designed for an idea-
situation such different than that of lsoaial.iset revolution"
and a condition of popular relationships quite different than one of
Original Purposes
In early 1957 the press left the firs ispression that the
it was confronting a new stage in socialism which
asked for a new approach,, and was seriously atteWting to turn its
of old ruts of thinking. Confronted with problem$ if party
and govsrxaeeent cadres could be re-vitalized a taught how to elimi-
nate acm, handle others, and avoid creating still more, the biggest
could be solved. In response to the question
of the patter' Is caspaign
s, the core of the original
tification savetment was being launched, and what the difference was
between it and the previous one, the periodical e
(China Youth), c
issue of 16 Sky:
Youth League, replied in its
oday we f "o a new situation. With the class contradtet i01
in the country fundasmeentally solved, and those among the people begin-
.
up to- ai -bov task: greater unity among all
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of China's 600 million eeople, and the utilization of all possible as-
sets in the struggle for the great socialist cause.
situation has changed, the ideological status of navy cadres has not
kept up with it. They have not discerned the emerging contradictions
of hackling
these. Thus, to speed the development of socialist construction, the
party is beginnipg another pares-wide rectification movement. It is
directed against bureaucracy, subjectivism, and sectarianisea
it has new facets as well as same in common with the previous movement.
The range of problems encompassed by this present campaign is of course
wider than that in the( rvious one, since the party is now the ruling
.arty.. and is loading the people in socialist construction. Also,
the purpose and result of this movement must be different. The pre-
vious on brought victory in the democratic revolution. The present
movewnt will guarantee success in socialist construction."
In 'that Context, the Jsn .min Jih?*nao of 2 May stated that
could only be one attitude for the party cadres "An attitude
which is conscious,
ical, and self-critical, and which discerns
on the one band the unity and unanimity in socialist society, and on
the other the contradictions among the ranks of the people; which sees
the necessity for concentration within a given scope; which acknowledges
errors and shortccaai ge in l aadera 1p and which sees the need to broads
democratic ictfe and criticism and self--criticieaa in socialist society."
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The editorial saw the possibility, without this attitude, of a ten-
dency toward aristocracy and autocracy of a kind which would iaegeede
and stifle progress. The periodical kI lun (Thlor*etical
Study) of 1 January raids 'We ss put an and to the sepsra
tween the party and state on the one hand and the masses on the other,
soy and waste. Bath people and party cadres not
express their constructive and creative potential. There is an Ur-
ic disregard of realities and mg-
gality,
a weakening of the treditioi 6f endurance and frw-
of luxury and a travagence appears sveryraheere.
This results in dissociation of party and state personnel f rcem the
,sty, a way of life which wastes the state's cons
tior. capital and leads to sub jectiviss. e
What the regime was aiming at was a goal quite high, given
the ci]rcauseetsnceea,, The sane issue of .. IMb=Wd cribed a
good party Wseber and leader as being one who alas at obtaining a
thorough knowledge of the people's living and working conditions, u n-.
derstands the poop!* and shows concern for their problem. He live.
in a frugal shale, shares in the masses' hardships, is v
criticism, and refrains fear putting on airs. Be consults
matters twat concern than, they in turn will
giving
1 sewhere In this issue of rS:~Bit JhNNb=Mj a ruling
sera the right to express creativeness was discussed.
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It described creativeness as a corrective to burescracy and
blind
wing out of orders without regard to conditions. Creativeness
is beat expressed, it said, in initiative shown in developing efficient
ea. The creative person keeps a sharp eye
doss not too literally apply provisions in party direr
tires--yet be does not dispense with party guidance or instruction.
The right of creativeness can only be correctly exercised by thoroughly
policies.
Cam; c iih B.wkh?r,si of 3 My expanded on the lieu of sire
the party would like to cultivate through party rectification. It
asked, "Precisely what should a party member do, when he has clearly
understood tta different contradictions and the method of ha ad] handling
seacsM.... When the leadership suppresses the correct emends of the
masses, he should firmly support the massest views.. ? .When one-sided
$iews of the na"to produce unreasonable des, leading to contra-
dictions or disputss...he must stand fast and patiently persuade tbe*
to relinquish such demands.... But things are not always simple. When
one facet of a question is right, it is not necessary that everything
also about it is right, and for a party saber to tell the right from
the wrong side is not always easy. Be must rely for this on both the
party organization and the masses. Be must penetrate the masses, find
out what they need, separate correct from; incorrect views, support
only that which is right, transmit man des to the party, and
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solve problems with the wisdoms of the people. Be should also know
correct from incorrect attitudes of leadership-9
2. Zarly Implementation
The developiment of the campaign in the early moths, as re-
floated in the press, gave evidence of a desire to implement the funda-
mental idea of the new party rectification. The Central Committee
directive on the movement, as in jog-grin Jikarts of 1 May, eructed
that it begin in helen level party organisseatiou s and higher, and in
as and universities, with these organizations
looking into the thought and working style of their leading oadres.
Meanwhile, provincial and a icipal level party committees, should
select special committees to initiate, the campaign for the purpose
of aaquf ring typical experience which would assist in graftal
nation. 111 unite nu at organise lewdersbip groups for the campaign
by -u"tY a
sponsibility and leadership should be taken
Cries. The osepaign should be coordinated
with the iegmoemsnt of work and the solution of contradiotions.
Party committees were to formulate their own leadership methods and
working plans for the campaign, and eubs .t these to the Central Coosa
? ittree within two weeks after receiving the directive. The directive
was f of ovdd by as press reports of meetings which decided on i*-
m ediate formed ti.on of plans for development of the caaapaigu, in all
areas and at aU government and party levels.
35
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The 2 May Nan-eke'ang E15,aii Jih-macs reported the proposal
of a four-,step program
Kia agsi Provincial Party ce mittee to
the rectification movement, which stated there not be no de-
lay in starting the movemsnt or in comprehending the dootmMSute, and
that it would be necessary to develop it from top to bottcsa, begin
at the pr
municipal and special district levels, proceeding
to the hasien and cheu levels, and culminating in the hsiangs. It
lists, essential work, the proposal said, and avoid
conflict between the movement and current essential work. The proposal
t
a tiaaaetable for the movement, andktated
to draw up concrete plans to be passed on by
the coeanittee itself. The "&ih-, of 31 Kay urged that all
shortcomings and mistakes exposed in the cow" of the caarpaign be
corrected expeditiously. It said that no one should await a settle-
ment of problem at the end of the moveaspnt, but that units would find
if they did not solve problems as they appeared, people
problem brought up that most could be solved immedlately
would get the iaapression that departments had no intention of co at
their faults and the propose of the socialist undertaking would be
ided .
An official party view of what happened to the
fication aauaspaign appears in an editorial in tae-sin Jih-aaa
July: "After the party organizations in Shanghai had initiated the
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*ovemsnt, the n aicipal party committee held a series of forums of
the various classes so that all might present their views.
ously, it began to take steps to improve party and governs nt work.
l cracy was active, the people 'a enthusiama vas high, and the pro-
Jag norma.ly. However, the bolder rightists, losiu
their reason in the face of their desire for gain, began to start fires
everywhere. They eons rletely ov.rloo)ced the principles which the party
conduct of the ca eaign...forced tie
caWaign off its track, and influenced
tione, and factories. It wee at this point that the party had to
intervene."
Even at the time of the Rational People's Congress, which
,arty intentions
a brake to the careening course of criticise, the
a heard then gave indications of a desire to continue
the rectification movement. Mao, in his speech published in e ~ -
ah=M on 19 Jun., affirmed the necessity to st.sup out bureaoracy,
~
on, and `handle contradictions
improve ideological and political educatd
properly, and thus get at the cause of disturbances. He said that
if disturbances should occur through poor work on the part of the
party, i hoa not only lead those involved onto the right path,
but utilise the distur anoes should occur through poor work on the
part of the parity, it should not only lead those involved onto the
right path, but utilise the disturbances to improve its work, to
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both cadres and massars, and to find solutions to problem neglected
in the past. The party should work carefully and avoid oversimplified
methods, in dealing with disturbances, and not close out problems be-
fore they are actually settled. It should turn such events to its
advantage in ridding itself of bureacratiae, he said. Chou !n-alai,
in his speech to the congress as carried in J, s ,,n-si Jib, pan of 27
June, stated, 'The party's reification campaign is also going on in
state organs, and has the purpose of effectively overcoming bureaucracy,
eectaeriauaimm, and sub jectivi.s. All constructive critioisa on such
+rronecuas this ri= and working styles will be welcome, even when p
aided. Wa will accept frca it an that is beneficial
improve our work. In the rectification ca aign in both
goveraamrsnt, contradictions aao the people will be
they eansrge and aintakes will be corre ct.'
coupled this, of coarse, with the warning against using rectifica-
tion to now discord or sabatege socialisam.
On the opening .day of the congress, 26 June, the de,_- n: Jib-.
contributed in this regard: '"'Though we have made, certain
achieveente we have arcade certain Mistakes. It would be foolhardy
to disguise our illnesses and not see a doctor. The party is carrying
out a rectification of its working style, and is listening to criticisms
on every hand ...somr think that because we mist affirm our achievemanta
and criticise the rightists it is Impossible for criticism and war--
criticism to be carried out at the same time. This is a aisunderstarding
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Active and well- ani g criticise of defects which speed up our
socialist endeavors are different from, anti-socialist slanders, and
the better we can freely develop such criticism, carrying
criticise at the same time, and can point to mistakes, to tbei
and their rectification, the better we can Improve our work, the closer
we can unite all nationalities in the country, and the more thoroughly
we can isolate the rightists." The tons of the editorials through
July also made it seem
party was trying to re-coup something
of its original program out of the situation, though its efforts
were mainly to stop the tide which had emcsunted.
On 7 August, J r~-ai Jih-_naa reported a speech to the Peiping
People Congress by Pang Chen, member of the Politburo. "We welcome
all suggestions," he said, "when they are made in good faith and are
onstructive, not destructive. YduW such suggestions for improvement
of our work have been accepted." Be criticised the working style of
party members in Peiping, observing that the same mistakes are to
be found in the leadership. He itemized the six most important short-
comings, and discussed them at some length. 'Working style should
be conscientiously reformed," he said, "adopting methods used in the
rectification campaign to fend off the rightist attacks. We must
overo mme shortcomings in work in order to complete the undertaking,
in the city. and to speed up development of the enterprises, gradually
developing the working style of the masses to achieve a pure s
capital."
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Changing: Concept of Rectification
ing ideological and practical climte, of souse,
the idea =A function of rectification uMerreent cue. Foramor
a single party objective, at the National peoples C ongreets it acqutred
a dual "pact, The party now began to refer in breath to this
tvo-to , objectiv. Chou *n-lai, In his speech to the Congress
in a n MiZU of 27 June, stated, WW* Chinese people are+ forging
an even stronger unity through our rectification campaign against
f jectivima, and through our victorious
struggles in exposing and rs~udiating the antisocialist rightists."
With Lu Ting-yi, party
one campaign in his Ratio
AM .
two aspects "an
People Congress speech, as "parted in t
he party's rectification campaign is also a
;ruggle against bourgeois ideology. areaucra
subjectivism, are bourgeois tendencies. No bourgeois party would ask
thus to oee its faults. only the political partyof this, working cl.a*
subjectivist, .... We have no justification tr
party of the vs tng class can. root out
aistakee and shortcc ings or for refusing to rectify tbsm.
The rightists imat be criticized un iOraifully, and. the rectification 440-
MAIM" with determeination."
What happened in +ly to the concept at rectification can, be
the State Council deolwion on the rectification CoMps.
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Jsn!min J S on 2? July. It said, "1lnder the loadership of the
party, our people are presently engaged in a rectification moment and
an earnest struggle against the bourgeois rightists, to save the socialist
revolution and the fundamental state system.... In units conductiong a
rectification, all members must actively participate in the campaign an d
. In it, they should take a strong stand, clearly disting-
uishing between right and wrong, and revealing and criticising rightist
statements and activities, thus increasing their'own political awareness
and earnestly trying to overcome de is and improve work, toward the
s of the socialist revolution and construetion.*
By aid-August and the launching of the socialist education pro..
gram, rectification had undergone a further change. Politburo masher
gang Sheng, in a brief reference in a speech reported by JAMCWi, p
19 August, said, "Besides continuing our efforts to solve all outsstaod-
ing pro
we must henceforth conduct the rectification movement and
cal education."
ntation of Campaign
The rectification movement was, apparently, being implemented
to an extent in connection with socialist education, to Judge by the
In referring to the great countryside debate, for ezample, aft
in Jib- ao of 10 August states that in the course of It "if the working
style of a few cadres is criticised with facts" the party committees,, which
should be participating, should study the criticisms and take corrective
steps, in order to improve work and strengthen mass unity. A
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great debate
side by hearing all Opinions, then select good ideas for iaa,leamentati
and oriticizea4 the wrong ones. We seat determinedly solve problems
a as "rural blooming,
debate." 1'a; says, araust expose the real problems
h reasoning and awust iasprove our work. Those who U4 U* such debate
.tcrial of the man* data refers to
her level goversrawaent organs and schools, and not
a lack of confidence in the strength of party
ndamental wisdca of the msses.1
Central governwra nt organs toowere seriously consider IM the cow-
st Live opinions advanced by the people during the anti-rightist 4r%g
correction of fa Cults; according to Zen-min i,,,t a of 24 ~.
`aiaae the spirit of siaaralt nsous conduct of the rectification movesnt sal
established in units of these organsq, it said, to discuss
and analyse the memos' views, and had already handled a nu er of the
problem which it was possible to solve i~weeedi~atealy. A nuaeber of other
press items reported in August that provincial organs were similarly iaar
proving their work iryhe course of rectification, and that factory workers
had presented opinions and criticisms in campaigns started in enterprises.
Thus the party has held fast to the idea of rectification
out the *anti-rightist struggle",
t on keeping it alive in
s=e form, to .tiding, possibly saws limited aaffi controlled assistance .fr+n
outside the party. Yet in view of the known attitudes of party cadres to
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this sort of thing, and of the ,inevitable r eervations non-party people
of all classes must now have tour'" speaking' out,. With the axle of
what happened to acne who did freshly before them, any revival of the
rectification campaign would seem of necessity to be a watered down
version of what was originally planned, and will probably kNa
to pro-
ceed without serious or significant critical "help" from outside. If
this is true, and the party nevertheless purses its goal of rectification
of its working style, then perhaps it will continue more along the liners
of the classic Chinese Cosnist Party rectification, stressing ideological
remolding within the party, reaffirmation of discipline and consolidation
of the organization.
Lu Ting-yi, in an article in J92=MU a?ar of 5 YArch had stressed
this aspect of regulari
ship.
the past 15 years the party ssmbership had grown from ODO
lion, and thet. many asubers had not Joined ideologically or coon aletely.
Six tenths of the membership joined after the national revolutionary
victory, he said, and had not experienced the ideological reform of 1942.
Many of these did not understand sub jectivisme and asn more carried over
ogles from the old society. As for the older cadres who came through
revolutionary struggle, many had soiled these eelies with bureacracy
now that the party was in power, had beccas$ vain in their achievements,
and had detached themselves from the masses and from reality. This, he
said, called for a movement for correction of the idea
and working sty
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mathod by which the party educates its cadacee, bg mans of xax cisrs-LeninLe
to overcome all am -proletarian thought. It a *=* f os the rich a uarie
gai -d through the BuOting up by the party center and, Cc+aarade Mao of the
ideological work done in the past.*
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a question awes concerning
fate of the intellectuals
Chou EA-1Ia phi
1956 to the high go
for another serious
%tual supervision." Yet the regime invested a SDod deal of titer and energy
in b
mobilize it behind the amt
point to throw it beck into the situation which prevailed in the repressive
days of 1955.
The AU-eh o] Policy
r,
drive in a count
As then initiated
but was nonethele
were to assist the party in
be unusual indeed. If the attitude
stiono as is certainly the
a siguificaut pool of tales
technically t
,o the professional and scientific fields,
met with much
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doubt a itstlon,
February 3.957 it stood
problem to light, so
oil the yarV sr the Uites Prot
in the Party
we sk eves to pro
"t soc
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of the Chine- Federation cxr Lit
a severe to=
policy could be carried out
Yet l of in his speech published in Jea-mog
ur country .... It is haul to artistic and scie
..then
tlbug, not only suppression, t
of new ideas.
whey by
a period of
of perception can halt the growth
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".bla rx r too amt develop throes struggle
it is accepted by the ority of o
he. Being scientific truth, llrxism feaure no criticism
be worthless if it could be
of bourgeois 1 are criticizing i
criticisms and struggle.. Fighting
n but stye:
"The bourgeoisie will. inevitably gave expression to their iii,
is like
policy ad' a: g
y to
ssion, but the vx=g ideas
'the
them he says
of problems among the
present their ovn view
You can't
suppression to prevenn
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." Mew here presowts
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by, criticism axed ae i f ? ,ti ei can be conducted
a oa proper linen, and these criteria. can
We have per c raved
mmdersb4 in. science.. and
salving acmdemda questions
by
." Be also asserted that
the people must be brau*rt into
ion the policy bas been confined to perticipa?-
ti i by faces bra aid tom, as note& in press item Cited above, and
great atica ..vide debate", participation in
.. n p a 4 Au t urs
great 4bates
a blueprint for t
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the bualrtc lvez.
only be achieve under the ers IZO of
t't C t rt ; if
ry clone to the Present. o t1ci&.
Ocz could
rolet8xiat a 4 its varyd
businessmen dld not arasp
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being
ft
ss e
of !p. August, These iest tu-
r people vho
e. People Sent
51
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t
u t in er a t and aocial or x
.fit by the
, it said.,
constitute o a very sent of the pule, the
sntioxf. If do wing
"ui people.. the bad
ue a l1 spr d.
by tia t hSO ahown it is
labor. This viii asof a l3.iv*libc*d and
a :Living th ru x their own 3a bor,
by labor is not the sama~ a the method of r foz
by
tion.a co ,xcernea.
trail n g, educat r.
his release by
or his control a.
discussed the future Of cam*
tr `c ..elves alone soci
It is not enowl# for the Cammudst
. a real duAre for it,,
- 52
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vi+ ? They
they Oam out
ba.uc:~ for 11
VJit dec.
anti-socialist itiou, min t.11
53
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this is de.
The, t i t pt t4ok of the de acz* c Pezt
a their lover lelml o " i , it ,y&.
Iiz Lions and
jority center
solve than
,im little Interest
sks of the parties,
t &^111d r iw ~an.rat
54
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o i ou t to the . e.Ueet
Ito TQ
or de e
Party W" a
C sty mistrusted the
1 7 Au t : " ZWatoz7 boa give. t the
th el e ai,1 who trai
wer-.:i
tom: tJii the
t j::.c ;, by our, i Mgt
the worldrte, elms
.To bee
- 55 -
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bout eoi ,"1te "'et ti sw. uti this
to demo Cite cress,
ad Can never prodi
for the r
employ the prof
to Ii
People ; Congress, ao
Just before
eft rc in
rise in the living
tAken over rListridat
, b "itted the
the contenzti t that non-party fun i u j ?a
did not have the authority that
there were cases, however, where
Communists and non-Communists cooperated closely with one another.
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dizerlid4stlug against them or
fw%lt**.4hIt some lute too not
a diatswc,
a a r s t+ . At the tim o the party
cases fre t3,y m oao kart to ap r eh a he them, Both these
sit ow require seriou attention and efforts to c ect
by
respect, join I
by
so as to UVrove both themselves and their
be c .. Veftmdd". amy peWle
rk cis or pemswitry,, axkd foreettiug their sty e
I Vora vita theme, they shy be sincere and open mind ad; they should
c 'itic ,ze d" is Via work whorvcr they occur, and put f ox y prWosals
't" o h:wave,
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TIChim weds all
h, publishad on 19 In Jo
of a contradiction amng
t k? he seal, "to Pero the
Siquitic of socli construction. We must trust inteUiectUg
th
To c 1ctc1y mow
t r a-- ally cow t hope bea
an effort to St;
the pooh of Intel
1s r o the
is dictat? by rcccity.
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society of
m el a
atellct
offairu on the other.
raft
or
1? bruary 1957 it initiated a, program based can an
h (1) wftmledged the a .ateno in
iblma , or eo itz ctio ,~ Js-. (2) decd the
elf c
Dl
tion that political bi ideological
indoctrination
:c: . zhe in the past
ion pe,
- 59
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s
x0ftui ion of the dr aoer+atic pasties, sati rightiam, soc344st
*d-'WMice. Me ply Of a 3i.awing earpreession to diverse school 8 would
rprobably rsoMa for a oossideiWb A tip s sbr ceu reuvwt cc 'wit had.
' oartgix*1,3r S een intended. ,Asa .fear the intehectua,3s, Vho in Chinos include
people with a blah sch-aol educ atica, and the c itea].ists, their abilities
MA the need .ch bad In the first p3*oo dictated the heretics3. use
cf t Vora + nt]y aatiu a on trOrlUjig. MO pertY ftep d, It ated,
it .' rtrilaut but in $1'y oe in they 0 4 their pUUM &U
not awn beome the vits3., active politit*l elmu=t they had shoe n they
be. 34 both utilia ion sect sand r+ecti,fit tioa at tter p' Y V e
In the baeck4muad, Mils Ladd sx m d the pier ai stmt pursuit at the
an' Mist drive mere in the tam*
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