THE AFRO-ASIAN PEOPLES SOLIDARITY ORGANIZATION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-00915R001300050009-3
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 27
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 4, 1998
• Sequence Number: 9
• Publication Date: June 15, 1961
• Content Type: PAPER

Approved, or Release : CIA-RDP78-0091501300050009-3
N "All
r. " FILE
THE AFRO-ASIAN PEOPLES
SOLIDARITY ORGANIZATION
FROM APRIL 1960-APRIL 1961
15 June 1961
0 LOT rWWE ml FILE
Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01300050009-3
 Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01300050009-3
THE AFRO-ASIAN PEOPLES SOLIDARITY ORGANIZATION
F' ROM. APRT L 196D : APRIL =] 96x'-r
Note: The :'(ame,s in this paper ,follow the
spelling used by the Afro-Asian organization and may
vary from the correct spelling.
15 .Jun-e, 1.961
Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01300050009-3
 Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001300050009-3
I, Introduction and Conclusions
1. This paper describes the activities and developments of
the Afro-Asian Peoples Solidarity Organization from April 1960
to April 1961, From those activities and developments it is
possible to draw the following conclusions.
a, The AAPSO has moved far towards becoming .a
conventional international Communist front, as the following
evidence shows, The Communist element has gained control
of the organization at the expense of the LIAR. The policy,
making and administration procedures have been tightened to
prevent individual control and influence, The AAPSO is now
emphasizing political agitation at the national level in support
of .Soviet bloc policies on the international issues ,of anti-
ixr>perialistn and anti -coL-anialism.
b, The; ,capacity of the AAPSO as a pro-C.omx nist an4
an?anti-Western instrument has increased greatly since mid-
1960, aid its use has been sharply increased,
c. The AAPSO activities in Africa and its propaganda
policies on African questions are being coordinated with those
of the Ail African Peoples Conference through individuals
holding,official positions in both organizations and through
coo ltations, on a regular basis, between the two permanent
organizations. These regular consultations, proposed by the
Soviet AAPSO delegation at Bandung, provide a channel for
exerting Sino-Soviet bloc influence within the AAPC, from. which
org.anlzation the Sino-Soviet bloc is necessarily excluded,
d. The proposed enlarging of the AAPSO field of
Qperati.onS to encompass Latin America may, if successfully
carried through, result in the AAPSOQs changing into a world-
wide anti-imperialist, anti-colonial front organization of the
international Communist movement, in which the peace struggle
in the underdeveloped world can be centered,
Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001300050009-3
 Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01300050009-3
II. Background
2, The Afro-Asian Peoples Solidarity Organization, initially
an offshoot of, the Communist World Peace Movement, held its
first meeting in Cairo in December 1957 and was then ostensibly
dedicated to coordinating the efforts of African and Asian peoples
for cultural and economic development and for the struggle against
colonialism. In its early stages the AAAPSO activities were dis-
rupted by conflicts. between. Communist and anti-Communist :...
members and also by conflicts among the Communists themselves.
These conflicts were exacerbated by Nasser's anti-Communist
campaign of early 1959 and by the $ino-Indian border dispute in
late 1959. Accordingly the work of the AAPSO was slowed down
and until mid-1960 the effectiveness of the organization was
seriously in doubt. At this time the atmosphere changed abruptly
and, with strong Communist support, the AAPSQ started to move
forward with new strength.
Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01300050009-3
 Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01300050009-3
3, Structure of the Afro-Asian Peoples Solidarity Organization
On April 1961).
AAPSO, meets biennually
Composition: 1. National Solidarity Committees
(33 exist)
2. Other affiliated national organizations
(estimated at 50 plus)-
AAPSO Council, meets annually
AAPSO Executive Committe?, meets semi-annuy*
Composition: 27 members from specific countries
designated by the council
Composition: .1 member from each national member
organization
Fund Committee, meets
4 time 6'a year
Compo stion:. 7 executive
committee members from
specific countries designated
by executive committee
(Financial) Control Committee,
meets semi-arukually
Composition: 3 executive
committee members from
specific countries designated
by executive committee
AAPSO Permanent Secretariat*
(in permanent session)
Secretary general and 11 national secre-
taries selected by national c9mmittees
from specific countries designated by
executive committee
(47 employees)
or membership see Appendix.
.3
Women's Section:
members representing
Alge rira, Indonesia,
UA.R, Japan, North
Vietnam, Guinea
Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01300050009-3
 Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01300050009-3
4. The Afro-Asian Peoples Solidarity Organization (AAPSO))
has become increasingly active since the calling of the executive
committee meeting in Beirut in November 1960. Differences
among the three leading factions on the secretariat, i. e. , Soviets,
Chinese, and UAR representatives, have been soft-pedalled and
the three groups are working in apparent harmony, although
with increasing dominance of the Communists, in support of radical
liberation movements and against neo-colonialism in the newly
independent nations.
5. This renewed vigor has manifested itself in an enlarged
permanent secretariat, increasing financial support of the
secretariat, resumption of publication activity after a lapse of
about six months, and the adoption of a full program of projected
meetings and propaganda releases. These efforts are being
strongly supported by the work of the Soviet, Chinese, Japanese,
and, Indian national solidarity committees.
III. Major International Events
A. The Conakry Conference
6. The lowest ebb of the organization since its founding
in December 1957 was reached just before the Conakry conference
of April 1960. Members of the permanent secretariat were in
repeated conflict: the Indian secretary Malaviya, till then the
sparkplug of the Secretariat, had made several gestures of
resignation; the Chinese were both blocking decisions and
strengthening their hand in the secretariat (while the Chinese
secretary had absented himself from Cairo for long ;periods
of time, the first Japanese secretary arrived in Cairo with
Chinese aid in late March); and complaints from the Communist
element concerning the UAR secretary general and the political
climate of Cairo were frequent. Preparations for the Conakry
conference were made amidst much wrangling. Indeed, for
a time it was uncertain whether a meeting would take place at
all and even whether the organization in its present form would
Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01300050009-3
 Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01300050009-3
continue. The conference finally convened on 11 April 1960, owing
probably to the reluctance of any one faction to take the onus of
breaking it up.
7. The results of the conference underlined the areas
of compatibility and the areas of conflict. All the delegates
easily agreed on a spate of anti-imperialist, anti-western reso-
lutions including promises of specific support for individual
liberation movements. The validity of the original constitution
of the organization was reaffirmed but difficulties arose in
dealing with other,, organizational problems, the major bone of
contention being the composition and location of the permanent
secretariat. Designations of countries to be represented on
the permanent secretariat, caused dissension but a decision
was finally reached with the choice of the following: UAR,
(the secretary general), Algeria, Cameroons, China, Congo
(Belgian) Guinea, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Japan, Uganda,
and, USSR. The TJAR, however, was adamant in insi:'sting
that it retain both the office of secretary general and the seat
of the secretariat. The Communists, particularly the Chinese,
were eager to diminish the influence of Nasr. After considerable
discussion, a compromise was reached. . Cairo wail to be
retained as headquarters and the UAR, secretary general remained
in office, but an executive committee of 27 members electeuitby
the council: and scheduled.to meet semi-annually or whenever
necessary was set up to direct the work of the secretariat, which
had hitherto been virtually autonomous. ~ si
8. During the period that followed, the fate of the
movement hung in the balance. The Soviet and Chinese national
se,crptarieS* returned home. No payments were forwarded to
Cairo for the use of the permanent secretariat and, consequently,
National secretaries are synonomous with national repre-
sentatives on the permanent secretariat.
Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01300050009-3
 Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001300050009-3
work of the organization slowed down to a bare minimum.
9. In August a decision apparently was reached by the
Communists to continue their support of the AAPSO. At this
time the USSR's Abd-al-Ghaffar Rashidov returned to his post
in Cairo and late in the same month the Soviet semi-annual
contribution to the AAPSO of LE 5000, delinquent since May,
was paid. A partial Chinese payment (LE 3000 of the LE 5000)
due since May was received in Cairo on 10 September.
10. Beginning also at this period, new national
secretaries started to report for duty in Cairo. Ibrahim Issa,
a member of the PKI, came from Indonesia, Mimed Zimmerlin,
described by a well placed source as a Communist who always
associates with Rashidov, Chu, and Issa, arrived, to represent
Algeria; and Antoine Awassi, a member of the Mouvement
Nationale Congolais, Lumumba faction, filled the post assigned
to the Congo. More recently Camara Bengaly of the Guinean
PartV Democratique, Paul Sekasi, a pro-Communist member
of the Uganda National Congress, and M. Kallimulla, a
member of the Indian Communist Party, filled the secretariat
seats allotted to their countries.
11. In early October invitations were seut out for a
meeting of the new executive committee to be held in Beirut
on 1:0 November 1960.
B. Beirut Executive Committee Meeting
12. This meeting convened in Unesco Hall, Beirut,
with delegates from 20 01 the 27 designated countries present.
From the start the Soviet and Chinese delegations were active
and set the tone for the sessions and for the final directives
and resolutions.
13. Important organizational and procedural change e
were made which furthered the trend started at Conakry to
Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001300050009-3
 Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001300050009-3
enhance the position of the Communist group at the expense of
the UAR. These changes included the transfer of certain
functions from the secretariat and, within the secretariat,
the strengthening of the position of the Communist and pro-
Communist national secretaries relative to that of the secretary
general. Two special committees were set up to handle the
finances of the AAPSO.
14. A fund committee, to be composed of representatives
from China, Guinea, Indonesia, Cameroons, Morocco, UAR,
and USSR was authorized to ascertain the material needs of
affiliated organizations in their struggle against imperialism
and to find the means "to satisfy these needs and sustain the
fund." This committee was directed to elect itw own president
and two vice presidents and to meet regularly, at least three
times a year. All decisions of the committee were to be
by majority vote, four members constituting a quorum.
Requests and offers with regard to the fund were to be made
either through the permanent secretariat or directly to the
committee. The fund committee was made responsible to the
executive committee, to whom it was directed to submit an
activity report at each meeting of the executive committee;
however, the fund, committee between meetings of the executive
committee is virtually autonomous. The first meeting of
the fund committee was scheduled to be held in Conakry under
the patronage of the Democratic Party of Guinea.
15. Further to remove financial authority from the
permanent secretariat, a control commission subordinate to the
executive committee was formed to examine the accounts of
the permanent secretariat on the eve of each meeting of the
executive committee, to which it will submit a report on the
financial situation of the organization. Representatives of
the following countries were chosen to serve on the control
commission: Kenya, Morocco, North Vietnam.
16. In order, apparently, to emphasize executive committee
control over the permanent secretariat a document entitled
Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001300050009-3
 Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01300050009-3
Internal Regulations of the Permanent Secretariat was drawn up
which described the secretariat as e.:.:;. in:te?hatsbn'al ':body!6'.i8nkitled
to implement the decisions and resolutions adopted. by th-e executive
committee to whom the secretariat is collectively responsible,"
The regulations then listed the specific functions delegated to the
secretariat by the executive committee. The emphasis on
"collective responsibility" further weakened the authority of the
secretary general.
17. In addition to these organizational decisions the
executive committee, de spite some reported - oppo sition,pas sod
35 resolutions, all violently anti-imperialist, anti-American,
and anti-neo-colonialist. Heavy stress was laid on the theme
of imperialist economic penetration and the importance td
imperialists "of colonized and semi-colonized countries... since
imperialism depends upon them for raw materials for the sale
of its industrial products and for the investment, of its capital."
18. The resolutions for specific countries recommended
increased political pressure by the people on their governments
to liberate themselves from U.S. imperialism, elg., "The.
executive committee strongly supports the struggle of the Japanese
people to destroy the U. S. -Japan military pact, to liberate itself
from USA imperialism to liquidate the U, S. military bases and
to liberate Okinawa and restore it to Japanese sovereignty."
19, Furthermore, national political opposition was
supported even where a government had,moved far toward
neutrality. This is shown in the following statements: "The
executive committee salutes the National Union of Popular
Forces in Morocco for expressing its denunciation for the
agreement signed on 1 September 1960 between the government
of Morocco and the president of the French government in.
coimection with military bases in the form of military schoolsrc:.
The committee supports the Moroccan people in their struggle
for complete independence in order to eradicate the remnants
of the imperialist and feudalist system in Morocco."
Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01300050009-3
 Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01300050009-3
20. The regulations also outlined in detail the: functions
of the secretary general and the national secretaries, bringing
out the equal importance of the national secretaries anti the
secretary general.' They underlined repeatedly the collective
responsibility of the secretariat. For example Article III,
Section 2, of the regulations state that "the responsibility
/oftheI
Article III9 Section 6, says that rrall statements and documents
to be published should be issued by the secretary general in
the name of the secretariat after the agreement of the board
of secretaries. "
21. The freedom of action of individual national,
secretaries is assured in Article III,. Section 8, which states:
"Any member of the board of secretaries, if necessary, i., e. ,
interviews, meetings, etc., may express his opinion in his
capacity as a member of the secretariat and in conformity
with the aims and objectives of the organization.
22. Finally, the regulations require a board,of
treasury to prepare the secretariat budget for submission
to the executive committee. The members of the board consist
of "th.e secretary general and two secretaries acting collective4y,`r,
thus enhancing the chances for budget control .by the pro -Camrriunisit
element rather than by the Egyptian secretary general
23. Although there were reports of ideological difference
between the Soviet delegation, which allegedly wanted the theme
of the conference to be ".peaceful coexistence and ending the
cold war" and the Chinese, who preferred "liquidation of ?imperiali xn, V'
Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01300050009-3
 Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001300050009-3
a Sino.-Soviet compromise was apparently reached and both slogans
were incorporated, side by side, into the final resolutions.
24. There was, irkdfact, no inherent contradiction
between the two views. For example, Resolution 7 emphasizes
the Chinese line: "The executive committee reaffirms its be-
lief that the struggle of peoples against colonialism and its
remnants is one of the main elements in establishing the principle:
of independence and permanent peace." Resolution 8, following
the general Khrushchev line, says t'the committee calls upon all
independent countries of the world to cooperate among themselves
in the spirit of the five principles of peaceful coexistence which
means that different political, social, and economic systems
can peacefully coexist. It means at the same time that they
will direct their efforts towards putting an end to the cold war."
The obvious difference in emphasis--a serious problem in the
World Peace Council--poses no problem for the basically anti-
imperialist AAPSO.
25. The Beirut conference ended on a note of
unanimity, with the delegates determined to push forward more
vigorously the struggles against the imperialists. New members
were taken in, notably the Malta Labour Party and the Committee
of African Organizations in London, both of which. groups are
heavily Communist infiltrated. Increased efforts were asked
of both the permanent secretariat and the national committees,
and, finally, a decision was made to hold the next AAPSO
council and executive committee meeting in Bandung in April 1961.
26. The period between the Beirut and Bandung
meetings was an active one . AAPSO headquarters released
propaganda in quantity. These included the monthly Afro-
Asian Bulletin, which reappeared after a lapse of about six
months and a succession of inflammatory mimeographed
statements denouncing neo-colonialism, imperialism, and
stooges of the,west. All these were published in three
languages, Arabic, English, and French. Initially of low
Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001300050009-3
 Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01300050009-3
calibre, the propaganda output has improved in gu&.i4ty in relent
months. Solidarity days were declared (e. g,, Congo day, Goa
day, and Laos day); the Fortnight Against Military Pacts and
Bases was held from 25 November to 10 December,4,, and Quit
Africa Day was celebrated on 1 December.
27. Three Afro-Asian Conferences were held in
January, namely the Afro-Asian Writers' Bureau meeting in
Colombo, the Afro-Asian Women's Conference in Cairo,, and
the emergency session of the Afro-Asian Peoples Solidarity
Council also in Cairo. These meetings, although ostensibly
called for specific and different purposes, actually were
replicas of each other and of the earlier Beirut executive comb
mittee sessions in the subjects discussed, in their general tone,
and in the proof they provide of increased Communist influence
in the Afro-Asian movement. They all stressed-their support
for radical national 'iberation movements and were violently
anti-west, anti-imperialist, and anti-neocolonialist.
C. Afro-Asian Writers Bureau
28. The Afro-Asian Writers Bureau met in Colombo
on 3 January 1961. The meeting was, from the first, according
to a reliable observer, dominated by the Communists and
resulted in the following.
a. Organizational directives, e.g., the setting
up of the permanent bureau of Afro-Asian Writers in Ceylon,
the decision to publish a monthly bulletin, and the appoint-
ment of an international preparatory committee with repre-
sentatives from Algeria, Guinea, Nigeria, Somalia, Angola,
Kenya, North Korea, Iraq, Pakistan, and North Vietnam,
to make arrangements for the 2nd Afro-Asian Writers
Conference to be held in Cairo in late 1961.
b. A group of anti-colonialist resolutions on
the Congo, Algeria, West Irian, Laos, and the Japan-i7. S.
Security Treaty.
Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01300050009-3
 Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01300050009-3
D. Afro-Asian Women's Conference
29. On 15 January the long delayed Afro-Asian Women's
Conference convened in Cairo.. Preparations for the meeting
had been underway since February 1959, when Yusuf al-Sibai,
secretary general of the AAPSO permanent secretariat, on the
authority of the council called a UAR preparatory committee
for the Afro-Asian Women's Conference. Miss Bahia Karam,
then UAR member on the secretariat and head of the secretariat's
Women and Child.Sec.tion (sick, was appointed to head the
preparatory committee. Inasmuch as the differences between
the Communists and the UAR on the secretariat were reaching
their peak at this time, it seems probable that Yusuf a1-Sibai
was attempting, through manipulation of arrangements for the
women's conference, to enhance UAR organizational control
of the secretariat. Instead, however, as later events proved,
control of the women's conference was successfully taken
over by the Communist group,
30. The UAR preparatory committee met in June 1959
and resolved the following.
a. An international preparatory committee should
be convened'only three weeks before the conference,
b. Only one delegate should be invited from each
country and Miss Karam should be largely responsible for
seletting the persons. -
c. The agenda should be limited to problems of
women and children and political matters should be excluded.
31. In July 1959 Miss Karam started on a tour of
Afro-Asian countries to discuss the forthcoming women's.
conference. She was warmly received by the Communist groups,
particularly in Japan and India, but was cold-shouldered by
anti-Communist women's organizations in Indonesia and Ceylon.
Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01300050009-3
 Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001300050009-3
On her return she announced that the conference would bye held
in April 1960 and that an international preparatpry~cornx ititee
representing 19 nations would convene in Cairo 1.. March 1960,
32, When the international preparatory committee
met, it was chaired by Mrs. R. C. Nehru, wife of the
Indian ambassador in Cairo and daughter-in-law of the pro-
Communist head of the All Indian Afro-Asian Solidarity Com-
mittee. The Soviet, Chinese, and Cameroonian delegates
dominated the conference discussions and the compromise
formulas adopted by the meeting through Mrs. Nehru's
actions opened the way in fact for a Communist take-over of
the projected conference. The following changes were made
in the original plans.
a. An item entitled the "Role of Women in.the,
National Struggle for Freedom and`the Maintenance of Peace"
was added to the agenda, thus introducing the political element
which the, UAR had attempted to eliminate.
b. Each country was authorized to send' as:
many delegates as it wished at its own expense. (The conference,
would pay full expenses for one.)
c. The conference was postponed~unti7.- S gtember,
1i960 to allow more time for completing arrangements.
d, Mrs. R. C. Nehru was named chairman of-'
the preparatory committee,
33. When, after two riore postponements, the women's
conference finally took place, it was strictly a political affair.
Original UAR plans to concentrate on the economic.a, social,
and cultural problems of women had been thwarted; these
subjects recanting sketchy treatment and no publicity, The-
final resolutions, which had been prepared by the international
preparatory committee, were indistinguishable from the usual
T T
Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001300050009-3
 Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001300050009-3
anti-imperialist, anti-neo-colonialist statements issued from
international Communist :meetings. The following excerpts
are examples of objectives recommended by the conference
as stated in the resolutions.
a. "The final eradication of imperialism,
colonialism, and neocolonialism as well as the puppet govern-
ments composed of fascist and dictatorial elements."
be "To maintain world peace, immediate total
and general disarmament and the liquidation of pacts and
military bases, cessation of nuclear experiments, and the
liquidation of arms and atomic bombs."
C, "Immediate cessation of foreign intervention
in the Congo, the. disarming of Mobutuls bands and the immediate
release of Lumumba and his aids."
d. "Demand an ending to imperialist intervention
in Laos."
E. Emergency AAPSO Council Meeting
34. On 21 January, in line with increasing pro-Lumumba
activity by the bloc, an emergency meeting of the A,APSO council
was called to discuss the situation in the Congo. This conference
met in Cairo and was attended by representatives of 2,9 states,
including sizeable delegations from the USSR and China. In
addition to issuing a long resolution demandinthat their govern-
3 give material as well as moral support to the Stanleyville
Congolese government, the council established an international
committee at AAPSO headquarters to "coordinate and centralize
all material aid required to support the fighte:rs in the Congo"
and to maintain contact with the Congo government in Stanleyville.
Although the Congo was the main subject of discus.sion at the
emergency council meeting, other resolutions were passed.
supporting liberation movements in Algeria, Laos, Palestine,
Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001300050009-3
 Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001300050009-3
Yemen, Cupa, the Portuguese colonies, and Malta., At this
meeting the council also attacked specific -African overn-
ments; the four states of the Conseil de l'Entente (Ivory Coast,
Niger, Dahomey, Upper Volta) were denounced .s instruments
of subversion and repression against the independent 4,rican
nations. he council also condemned Ethiopia for the Somali
border, "massacres" and called upon her to accept a UN
supervised referendum in the "disputed area." The violence
of these attacks was a high point of AAPSO criticisms of
Afro-Asian governments. It is significant to note that V, G.
torionov, long an official of the international section of the
CPSU central committee and currently believed to be its
deputy chief, attended the meeting and participated in the work
of the Congo commission.
F F. S.APSO Fund Committee
35. The first meeting of the AAPSO fund committee,
set up in Beirut, was he 4d on 21 February. The following
officers were elected: Ismail Toure of Guinea, chairman, 4e di
Ben Barka of Morocco and Chu Tzu-'+ hi of China, vice cVairmen.
The USSR was represented at the meeting by Boris G.furov,* a
member of the central Committee of the CPSU and. hea4 of the'
Institute of Asian Peoples of the USSR Academy of 1 cle ces,
G. Bandung Council Meeting
36. The April 1961 meeting of the council and executive
committee showed again the degree of Communist control with-
in thie''AApsO. The arrangements for the sessions were in the
Since fund committee members were supposed. to be drawn.
from the' executive committee, Gafurov's participation was in the'
strict sense irregular. ut in any event, his designation is ' a
clear indicator of the importance placed on this committee
the Soviets.
Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001300050009-3
 Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01300050009-3
hands of three officers of the Indonesian committee: Sirajudin
Abbas, Bintang Suradi, and S. Munaf. Most of 'the work, how-
ever, was done by Suradi, who, in addition to his position on
the Indonesian Afro-Asian committee, is also reportedly the
head of the international department of the Indonesian Communist
Party. The expenses, estimated in a budget prepared by the
permanent secretariat at approximately LE 30, 000, were to
be taken care of by equal contributions from the UAR, Soviet
Union, and China, supplemented by smaller sums from Guinea,
Mongolia, North Korea, and North Vietnam. Chu Tzu-chi,
the Chinese representative on the permanent secretariat,
also offered to make up any deficit.
37. There were delegates from 43 countries and
dependent territories and observers from the All African
Peoples Conference,' the WPC Liaison Bureau for Asia and
Pacific Regions, the World Peace Council itself, and the
Instituto Cubano de Amistad a los Pueblos.
38. The proceedings and resolutions of the
conference showed that the Communists were in fact dictating
the policy of the organization. Whereas at Conakry concessions
were made to the neutralists, e.g., deleting specific mention
of western organizations such as SEATO, NATO, and CENTO,
the Bandung meeting centered its attacks on neo--colonialism
and singled out the United.States and the above mentioned treaty
organizations, as well as the UN, as principaltar gets. The
following excerpts from specific resolutions illustrate the tone
of the meeting.
a. Resolution on the Congo. "The Afro-Asian
Peoples Solidarity Council... condemns the' crimes committed
by Americans, Belgians, French, British and their allies
of NATO against the Congo... under the cover of the United
For further details on AAPSO-AAPC relt Lions see part
IV -4, 5, and 8.
Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01300050009-3
 Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01300050009-3
Nations.,./the AAPSC/ condemns the executive authorities of
the UNO, 11 This resolution epitomizes the intensification of
pressure on the neutralists and the dilemma in which they find
themselves as a result of their identification with this organi-
zation,
b. Resolution on Korean The resolution an
Korea also demands complete support for the militant, Chinese-
endorsed Communist line on Korea. The AAPSC "fully supports
the just struggle of the Korean people for achieving the unification
of the country by making the U.S. imperialist aggressive troops
withdraw from South Korea... In order to give an active support
to the struggle of the people of north and south Korea... decides
that the period from 25 June when the U.S. imperialists provoked
the Korean war to 1 July will be the week of joint struggle for
the withdrawal of the U.S. imperialist aggressive troops from
South Korea,"
39. Communist strength within the AAPSO was evident
in council directives to national affiliates demanding the exertion
of pressure at the governmental level. For example, the
resolution on Angola recommends "that all Afro-Asian organi-
zations exert pressure on the states of Africa and Asia that
maintain relations with the Portuguese government to sever all
relations with this colonialist country." Similarly, the re solution
on British Afro-Asian dependent states says "the Afro-Asian
member states of the British Commonwealth of Nations should
demand Britain to grant immediate independence to the British
Afro-Asian dependent states.... This failing;, the Afro-Asian
member states of the British Commonwealth should withdraw
from the British Commonwealth, "
40. The Communist reason for applying these
pressures at this time cannot be determined, but it does coincide
with pressures being exerted at the present time by the Com-
munists on certain of the participating countries (e.g., UAR
and Iraq).
Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01300050009-3
 Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01300050009-3
41, Orgahizationally the council approved the decision
of the Beirut executive committee on the formation of the fund
committee and hailed the results of the first fund appeal, which
showed contributions of approximately $100, 000, The largest
amount came from Communist China although sizeable contri'-
butions were made by the USSR, t1i UAE and Indonesia,
42, To solidify the partnership between the All
African Peoples Conference and the Afro-Asian Peoples
Solidarity Organization the Soviet delegate sugge sted that the
two organizations should work together smoothly and that to
this end there should be regular changes of views between
representatives of each group. The proposal was accepted, by
the meeting,
43. An expansion of the AAPSO to include participation
by Latin Americans was suggested by the Ceylon delegate and
was later approved by the council. A meeting of the permanent
secretariat on 20 May discussed the recommendation of the
council and decided to form a committee to make contact with
organizations in Latin America as a preliminary step towards
holding an Afro-Asian Latin American meeting,
44. Sino-Soviet differences at the conference were.
evident in the preliminary discussions, The Chinese, for
example, wanted to include a resolution stating specifically
that the UN served only the imperialists and that Hammarskjold
should be branded as a traitor, The Soviet delegate, on the
other hand, preferred a resolution calling for the reorganization
of the UN, The Chinese line was followed by the delegates of
Algeria? Zanzibar, Japan, Sudan (Ahmad Mohammed Kheir),
and Guinea while the Soviets were supported bye Pakistan,
Indonesia, Iran, India and Niger. The final resolution, a
compromise written by Fouad Galal, strongly criticized the
UN but called for its reorganization rather than its liquidation.
Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01300050009-3
 Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001300050009-3
45. As was the case at the Afro-Asian `Women's
Conference and at the November meeting in Beirut, the Sino-apviet
differences at Bandung mainly involved questions of emphasis.
The compromise formulas finally adopted, while stronger than
the original Soviet language and weaker than that offered by the
Chinese, incorporated the essential point of each, It cannot be
excluded that in this Afro-Asian solidarity context the soft
Soviet and hard Chinese original proposals were both consciously
put forward for tactical purposes.
Executive Committee Meeting
46. Members of .the executive committee met on
13 April immediately after the end of the council sessions, They
approved the budget of the permanent secretariat. They also
continued to whittle-away at remnants of UAR control by
establishing a "Section for Women's Affairs" to take the place
of the original women's group headed by Bahia Karam. of the
UAR. The new committee will be organized with members from
the following countries: Algeria, Indonesia, UAR, Japan,
.North Vietnam,,..an$ Guinea.
47. The committee then urged the revival of a youth
section which should "undertake contacts with all youth organi-
zations in Africa and Asia through the national solidarity
movements. " Finally a decision was reached to hold the next
executive committee meeting, scheduled for November 1961 in
Gaza.
W. National Committee Activitie s
48. I addition to activity on the international level AAPSO
objectives are furthered.locally by national committees affiliated
with the AAPSO. These committees, within their own countries,
function similarly to the AAPSO permanent secretariat, i. e, ,
they hold conferences, issue solidarity statements, organize
rallies, and are in fact lobbies for the promotion of AAPSO
19
Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001300050009-3
 Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01300050009-3
aims. They are also expected to send money to AAPS0 headquarters,
delegates to AAPSO meetings, aid officials, when requested, to
fill AAPSO offices.
49. The Soviet and Chinese committees are the strongest
and ,most effective of these groups and also provide approximately
two-thirds of the regular income of the AAPSO Secretariat.
'Within the free World the two most active committees during
1960-1961 were those of India and Japan. Both of these committees
are Communist controlled and give strong support to AAPSO
propaganda themes. Owing to the different conditions in India
and Japan and to the differences between the two national com-
mittees, the Indian committee has, since its emergence in
1955, tended to stress the Soviet-advocated peaceful coexistence
and disarmament line while the Japanese committee, which
emerged only in 1957, appears to prefer the Chinese line of
militant support for liberation struggles. Both the Indian and
Japanese committees are now represented on the AAPSO
permanent secretariat by members of the Communist parties.
50. The Indonesian committee, which was the host of
the Bandung AAPSO council and executive committee meeting,
though divided in membership between Communists and anti-
Communists since its creation in 1957, is also influential within
the movement and has recently been strengthened by the backing
it has received from President Sukarno and by the general
hardening of the anti-colonialist aspect of Indonesian foreign
policy.
51. The Iraq committee was most active in AAPSO
affairs before June 1959, when the Communists by a slim
margin lost their control of the group. In July 1960 Communist
influence was further reduced, and since that time Iraq has
given little support to the AAPSO. Iraq, however, is represented
on the AAPSO executive committee and since 1957 has had a
s~L+e~w.r~Z
Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01300050009-3
 Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01300050009-3
position assigned to it (which it has never filled.) on the permanent
secretariat. The division within the Iraq committee has become
most noticeable at AAPSO conferences, which are generally
attended by both the anti-Communist Hasaa:c_ Zakaria and the
Communist Aziz Sharif. At recent meetings Zakaria has been
accepted as the nominal delegation head, but Sharif has bee#;
much more active and, apparently, influential with the.other
participants.
52. In Africa, the national committees are smaller
and less effective. In fact they are merely points of contact
with AAPSO headquarters; but the work ordinarily expected of
national committees is, in Africa, taken over by nationalist
parties and freedom movements. These organizations, all
anti-colonialist and most of them anti-west, support AAPSO
measures and their members hold official positions in the
AAPSO., For example, the Union des Populations Camer-
ounaise s, the Uganda National Congress, the Front de Liberation
Nationale (Algeria), the Mouvement Nationale Congolais
Lumumba, and the Party Democratique Guineen are all
represented on the permanent secretariat.*
C. R J.ations with AAPC
53. In addition to its association with these nationalist
groups, the AAPSO is working closely with the All A,fcan
Peoples Conference. In his report to the April 1961 Bandung
Council meeting Yusuf al Sibai, AAPSO secretary general said;
"Close cooperation has been established between our organization
For Africans represented on the AAPSO executive
committee see Appendix.
Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01300050009-3
 Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01300050009-3
and the brotherly organization of the All African Peeples
Conference. Exchange of membership between our directing
bodies has been agreed upon."
54. At the present time 6 persons are members of
,both the AAPSO executive committee and the Ai kPC steering
committee.' Moreover at the time of their deaths, John Cale
o? Uganda and Patrice Lumumba of the Congo also held dual
offices. AAPSO observers also attend all AAPC meetings and
the expenses of Abdoulaye Diallo, secretary general of the
AAPC, who was an observer at the AAPSO council meeting,
were paid by the AAPSO.
V. Summary
55. This review of the activities and developments
of the Afro-Asian Peoples Solidarity Organization from April
1960 to April 1961 shows that the AAPSO is now controlled.by
the Communists and their supporters' and has become a strong
anti-Western force in Africa and Asia. It is able to supply
a rostrum for the spread of propaganda, to effect personae..
contact between Communists and uncommitted Afro-Asians,
and to provide opportunities for the Communist bloc, under
neutralist cover, to influence the policies of non-ommitted
governments in Africa and Asia. The AAPSO also plans to
extend its activities to Latin America and it is likely that in
the near future A4'SO',activities will affect the unco p'mitted
countries in both hemieiere s.
For names see Appendix.
Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01300050009-3
 Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01300050009-3
Appendix
I. AAPSO Executive Committee
Elected at
Atten de d
Attended
Conakry Meeting
Beirut Meeting
Bandung Meeting*
Algeria
Omar Fa.non
Harbi Mohamed
Ali Lakhdari
Cameroons
Ernest Ouandie
Ernest Ouandie
China
Chu Tzu-chi
Liu Ning-yi
Corio
Patrice Lumumba
Jean Manpunga
Ghana
Nathaniel Welbeck
Guinea
Ismael Toure
Camara Bengaly
Camara Bengaly
India
Rameshwari Nehru
Gyan Chand
Gyari Chand
Indonesia
Sunito
Sirajuddin Abbas
Iran
Dr. A. Etebar
Dr. A. Etebar
Mr. Hoveyda
Iraq
Aziz Sharif
Hasan Zakaria
Hasan Zakaria
Japan
Kashiro Okakura
Shigeo Sato
Shizuma Kai
Kenya
Oginga Odinga
H. S. Gathigira
Oyangi Mbaya
Lebanon
Hashem el Houseini
Kamal Jumblatt
Alas Michel Khalaf
Liberia
T. O. Do sumo Johnson
T. O. Dosumo Johnson
Mongolia
Pourejal Coumbadre
Zondogyn Tsevegnid
Morocco
Mehdi Ben Barka
Mehdi Ben Barka
Mehdi Ben Barka
N. Korea
Han Sul Ya
Li T san
N. Vietnam
Xuan Thux
Pham 1-long
Hoang Quoc Viet
Pakistan
Miraj Khaled
Miraj Khaled
Somalia
Mohammed Harbi
Abdulaziz Narher si
All Abdullahi Ibrahim
S. Rhodesia
Joshua Nkomo
T. Malan Sf ur diIka.
T. Malan Silundika
Southwe st
Africa
J. Kozonguizi
J. Kozonguizi
Tunisia
Ahmed Tlilli
Chaker Abdel Majid
Mabmoud Mamouri
UAR
Fouad Gala!
Fouad Gala!
Fouad Galal
USSR
Mirzo Tursun-Zade
Mirzo Tursun.Zade
Mirzo Tur sunw Zade
Uganda
Joseph Kiwanuka
Joseph Kiwanuka
Joseph Kiwanuka
Yeman
Ahmed Moham rt
Ibrahim All Wazir
.Ahmed,Mohamed
There is no official list of persons who attended the Bandung executive
committee meeting. The persons listed above are the heads of delegations
to the Bandung council meeting and probably also represented their
countries at the committee meeting.
Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01300050009-3
 Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R001300050009-3
II, Permanent Secretariat of the AAPSO
1, Secretary general
UAR: Yusuf al-Sibai
2. National secretaries
Algeria: Ahmed Zimmerlin.,akca Minwar Masan A4
dullah
Communist China: Chu Tzu-chi
Japan: Maseo Kitazawa
Cameroon: Osende Afana
Congo: Antoine Awassi
Uganda: Paul Sekasi
USSR: Abd al Ghaffar Rashidov
Indonesia: Ibrahim Issa
Guinea: Camara Bengbly
India: (Fnu) Kalimulla
(unfilled place designated to Iraq)
AAPSO -AA.P C
III, Dual office holders
The following persons who have represented their countries
at one or more meetings of the AAPSO.executive committee are
also ,members of the steering committee of the A]':, African Peoples
Conference.
Ismael Toure (Guinea)
T. O, Dosumo Johnson (Liberia)
All Abdullahi Ibrahim (Somalia)
Chaker Abdel Majid (Tunisia)
Joshua Nkomo (Southern Rhodesia)
Fouad Galas (UAR)
Abdoulaye Aiallo9 secretary general of the All African Peoples
Conference regularly attends Afro-Asian Peoples Solidarity con-
ferences as an observer.
24
Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01300050009-3
 Approved For Relea RDP78-00915R001300050009-3
Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915RO01300050009-3