PRESS COMMENT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-02771R000200380001-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 47
• Document Creation Date: December 19, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 28, 2003
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: February 21, 1957
• Content Type: REPORT

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PRESS COMMENT
21 FE3flYRY 1957
FOR
INTERNAL USE ONLY
DO NOT CIRCULATE
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INDEX
PAGE
Genera/
1
Eastern Europe
3
Western Europe
13
Near East, Africa
15
For East
27
Western Hemisphere
The Crisis in Communism
33.
New York Times Summary
_ _ _
hlierlifilieradi ,
. ,
President Eilienhower writhed
Israel that the United Nations
must exert ?pressure to force
her withdrawal irom Egyptian
territory. In a country-wide
television end radio speech, he
said the international organisa-
tion must not. fail to solve the .
Issue. He offered the Israelis
the same formula propounded
by Secretary o State Dulles?
that this count wpuid use all
Its influence 'give them
security, but cdu1. not give the
i 1
absolute kuaranted Israel had
asked. [Page 1,? Column 8;
Text, Page 4.1
The Senate leaders of both
parties teintsined opposed to
United Nations sanctions
against' Israel after a meeting
with President Eisenhower and
Secretary , of State Dulles.
Henry Cabot, Lodge Jr., United
States was said to have pre-
dicted that the United Nations
General Assembly would vote
sanctions even if this country
iiihstained. Participants in the
White House conference said
they got the impression the
United States would tacitly ac.
cept the sanctions by absten-
tion. [1:8-7.] 1
The consultation took place in
the Cabinet room of the White ,
House and was described as the
Stillest and freest of the dozen
such bipartisan sessions of the
Eisenhower Administration. One
source said the decision for the
President's broadcast speech
came on the spur of the moment
during the talk. [6:6.1
It was noted that Israel is
singularly vulnerable to dollar
sanctions, and that a stroke of
the President's pen could bring
her virtual ruin. [6:5.]
., President Nasser summoned
, an urgent Cablnea meeting to
. discuss the crisis over Israel's
4, refusal to withdraw. [1:7,1
.; Israel's Ambassador to Lon-
:. don rejected a return to the
. "disastrous.' situation before
! the invasion. [8:24
Debate on the issue was
,-???????? -?
again pompano at ill', United
Nations until tomorrow, atetins.
United States' request. The
Arab-Asian bloc withheld ars,
lion on introducing the maims
tions resolution. [1:5,1
The heads of governments of
six Western European nations
agreed on the basic provisions
of treaties tending to merge
their economies. One would pool
their nuclear resources, the
other would introduce steps to.
ward .a common Market with-
out. tariffs or . trade barriers.
[1:1; Test, Page 2.1
The Soviet Union vetoed a
Secuety Council resolution ask-
ing its chairman to go to India
and Pakistan to try to mediate
in the Kashmir dispute. [1:2.1
Sweden told the Soviet Gov-
ernment that it. could not escape
responsibility in the death of
Swedish diplomat Raoul Wal-
lenberg by ascribing it to the
corrupt Stalinist police. It said
the Kremlin lied, either by say-
ing for twelve years that Mr..
Wallenberg was not in the
Soviet Union or in saying it
had made a theseugh investi-
gation. [1:8.1 ?
nits Soviet Union extended
new credits and aid to Bulgaria
In the latest a a series of
moves to cement its links with
the satellite nations. [85.1
A number, of abstentions and
negative votes gave unaccus-
tomed liveliness to the opening
of Poland's Parliament. [1:14]
Union of Europe long sought
by many leading men. Page 3
Europeans yield more in com-
mon market, atom pool. Page 3
Soviet and Bulgaria sign
economic, party pacts. Page 8
. attain eases some restric-
tions on use of fuel, Page 9
TT. S. bids U.N. drop both pro-
' petals about Cyprus. Page 19
Draft constitution for Malaya
stresses racial equality. Page 11
Jeep beats ail in political cam-
paigning in India. Page 11
. Personality sketch of Po-
land's Premier, Page 12
, Several trials against writers
planned by Hungary. Page 13
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GENERAL
,
THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1%7.
Text of Eisenhower's Address
to the Nation on Situation in Middle East
ittpectil to The New York Tim.
WASHINGTON, Feb, 211---Fol.
lowing is the text of President
Eisenhower's speech tonight on
Middle East problems:
I come to you again to talk
about the situation in the
Middle East. The future of the
United Nations and peace in
the Middle East may be at
stake.
In the four months since /
talked to you about the crisis
in that area, the United Na-
tions has made considerable
progress in resolving some of
the difficult problems. We are
now, however, faced with a
fateful moment as the result
of the failure of Israel to
withdraw its forces behiniLthe
Armistice lines, as contem-
plated by the United Nations
Resolutions on this subject.
I have already today met
with leaders of both parties
from the Senate and the House
of Representatives and we
have had a very useful ex-
change of views. It was the
genera/ feeling of that meet-
ing that I should lay the situ-
ation before the American
people.
Before talking about the
specific issues involved I want
to make clear that these is-
sues are not something remote
and abstract, but involve mat-
ters vitally touching upon the
future of each one of us.
The Middle East is a land-
bridge between the Eurasian
and African continents. Mil-
lions of tons of commerce are
transmitted through it an-
nually. Its own products, es-
pecially petroleum, are essen-
tial to Europe and the western
wore!.
U. S. Has No Ambitions
The United States has no
ambitions or desires in this
region other than that each
country there must maintain
its independence and live
peacefully within itself and
wit) its neighbors and, by
peaceful cooperation with
others, develop its own spirit-
ual and material resources.
But that much is vital to the
peace and well-being of us all.
This is our concern today.
So tonight I report to you
on the matters in controversy
and on what I believe the po-
sition of the United States
must be.
When I talked to you last
October, I pointed out that
, the United States fully real:-
ized that Military action
against Egypt resulted irom
grave and repeated provoca-
tions. But also I said that the
use of military force to solve
infeinatfonal disputed could-
' not be reconciled with the prin-
ciples and purposes of the
United Nations, to which we
had all subscribed. I added
that our country could not be-
lieve that resort to force and
war would for long serve the
permanent interests of the at-
tacking nations, which were
Britain. France and Israel.
So pledged that the United
States would seek through the
United Nations to end the con-
Met and to bring about a re-
call of the forces of invasion,
and then make a renewed and
earnest effete through that or-
ganization to secure justice,
under international law, for all
of the parties concerned.
Since that time much has
been achieved and many of the
dangers implicit in the situa-
tion have been avoided. The
governments of Britain and
France have withdrawn their
forces from Egypt. Thereby
they showed respect for the
opinions of mankind as ex-
pressed almost unanimously
by the eighty-nation members
of the United Nations General
Assembly.
A Tribute to Allies
I want to pay tribute to the
wisdom of this action of our
friends and allies. They made
an immense contribution to
world order. Also they put the
other nations of the world un-
der a heavy obligation to see
to it that those two nations
do not suffer by reason of
their compliance with the
United Nations resolutions.
This has special application, I
think, to their treaty rights to
passage through the Suez Ca-
nal which has been made an
International waterway for all
by the treaty of 1888.
The Prime Minister of Is-
rael, in answer to a personal
communication, assured me
early in November that Israel
would willingly withdraw its
forces if and when there
should be created a United
Nations force to move into the
Suez Canal area. This force
was, in 'fact, created and has
moved into the canal area.
Subsequently, Israel forces
were withdrawn from much ?f
the territory of Egypt whi h
they had occupied. Howeevr,
Israeli forces still remain out-
side the armistice lines, notably
at the month of the Gulf of
Aqaba which is about 100 miles
from the nearest Israeli terri-
tory and in the Gaza Strip
which, by the armistice agree-
ment, was to be occupied by
Egypt. This fact creates the
present crisis.
We are approaching a fate-
ful moment when either we
must recognize that the United
Nations is unable to restore
peace-iiithis area, or the Unit--
ed Nations must renew with
increased vigor its efforts to
bring about Israeli withdrawal.
Repeated, but so far, unsuc-
cessful, efforts have been made
to bring about a voluntary
Withdrawal by Israel. These
efforts have been made both
by the United Nations and by
the United States and other,
member states.
Cease-Fire Recalled
Moreover, equally serious
efforts have been made to
bring about conditions designed
to assure that if Israel with-
draws in response to the re-
peated requests of the United
Nations, there will then be
achieved a greater security
and tranquility for that nation.
This means that the United
Nations would assert a 'deter-
minatimi to see that in the
Middle East 'Mere will be a
greater degree of justice and'
compliance with international
law than was the case prior to
the events of last October,
November.
A United Nations Emer-
gency Force, with Egypt's
consent, entered the nation's
territory in order to help to
maintain the cease-fire, which
the United Nations called for
on Nov, 2, The Secretary Gen-
eral, who ably and devotedly
serves 'the United Nations, has
recommended a number of
%imams% which might be
taken by the United Nations
and by its Emergency Force to
assure for the future the
avoidance by either side of
belligerent acts.
The United Nations General
Assembly on Feb. 2 by an
overwhelming vote adopted a
1 resolution to the effect that,
after full withdrawal of Israel
from the Gulf of Aqaba and
Gaza areas, the :United Na-
tions Emergency #orce should
be placed on the 'Egyptian-
Israeli armistice lines to
assure the scrupulous mainte-
nance of the armistice agree-
ment.
Also, the United Nations
General Assembly called for
implementation of other mean-
urea proposed by the Secre-
tary General. These other
. measures embraced the use of
' the United Nations Emergency
- Force at the mouth of the
Gulf of Aqaba, so as to assure
nonbelligerency in this area,
The United States was a co-
sponsor of this United Nations
resolution. Thus the United
States 'Ought to assure that
Israel would, for the future,
enjoy its its rights tinder the
armistice and under Interna-
tional law,
s In view of the valued
friendly relations which the
' United States has always had
with the state of Israel, I
wrote to Prime Minister Ben-
Gurion on Feb. 3. I recalled
his statement to me of Nov, 8
to the effect that the Israeli
forces would be withdrawn
under certain conditions, and
I urged that, in view of the
General Assembly resolutions
of Feb. 2, Israel should com-
plete that withdrawal.
. However, the Prime Min-
ister, in his reply, took the
position that Israel would not
exacuate its military forces
from the Gaza Strip unless
Israel retained the civil ad-
ministration and police. This
would ,,be in contradiction to
the armistice agreement.
Also, the reply said that Israel
would not withdraw from the
Straits of Aqaba unless free-
dom of passage through the
straits was assured.
It was a matter of keen dis-
appointment to us that the
Government of Israel, despite
the United Nations action, still
felt unwilling to withdraw,
Mee V- S. Policy
However, in a, further effort
to meet the views of Israel in
'these respects, Secretary of
State Dulles, at my direction,
gave to the Government of Is-
rael on Fels. 11 a statement of
United States policy. This has
now been made public. It
pointed out that neither the
United States nor the United
Nations had authority to im-
pose upon the. parties a 'sub-
stantial modification of the
Armistice agreement which
was freely signed by Israel
and Egypt. Nevertheless, the
statement said, the United
States as a member of the
United Nations would seek
such disposition of the United
Nations Emergency Force as
- would assure that the Gaza
Strip could ? no longer be a
source of armed infiltration.
and reprisals.
The Secretary of State orally
Informed the Israeli Ambassa-
dor that the United States
would be glad to urge and sup-
port, also, sonic participation
by the United Nations, with
the approval of Egypt, in the
administration of the Gaza
Strip. The principal population
of the strip consists of about
300,000 Arab refugees, who
exist largely as a charge upon
the benevolence, of the United
Nations and its mei/there.
With ref licence to the passage
Into and through the Gulf of
Aqaba, we expressed the con-
viction that the gulf consti-
tutes international waters and
that no nation has the right to
irevent free and innocent pin-
e!. ? aaa0084c9sto announced
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that the Untied States AAP'
prepared to exercise this right
' itself and to join with others
to secure general recognition
of this right.
The Government of Israel
has not yet accepted, as ade-
quate insurance of its own
safety after withdrawal, the
far-reaching United Nations
resolution of Feb. 2 plus the
Important deciaratitin of Unit-
ed States policy made by our
Secretary of State on Feb. 11.
But Israel seeks something
more. It insists on firm
guarantees as a condition to
withdrawing its forces of in-
vasion.
This raises a basic question
of principle. Should a nation
which attacks and oceupies
foreign territory in the face
of United Nations die.a.p-
proval be allowed to impose
conditions on He withdrawal-
Turning Back the Clock
If we are that armed at-
tack can properly achieve
the purposes of the assailant,
then I fear we will have
turned back the clock of in-
ternational order. We will, in
effect, have countenanced the
use of force as a means of
setting international differ-
ences and gaining national
advantages.
I do not myself see how this
could be reconciled with the
charter of the United Nations.
The basic pledge of ail_ the
members of the United
Boris is that they will settle
their international disputes by
peaceful means and will not
use force against the terri-
torial integrity of another
state.
If the United Nations once
admits that international dis-
putes can be settled by using
force, then we will have de-
etroyed the very foundation of
the organization, and our best
hope of establishing a real
world order. That would be a
disaster for us all.
I would. I feel, be untrue to
the standards of the high of-
fice to which you have chosen
me if I were to lend the in-
fluence of the United States
to the proposition that a na-
tion which invades another
should be permitted to exact
condition's for withdrawal.
Of course, we and all the
members of the United Na-
tions ought to Support justice
and conformity with interna-
tional law, The first article of
the Charter states the purpose
of the United Nations to be
"the suppression of _acts of
aggression or other breaches
of the peace and to bring
about by peaceful means, and
in conformity with justice and
international law, adjustment
or settlement of international
disputies." But it is to be ob-
served that conformity with
justice krul !international law
are to be brought shout "by
peaceful means."
We cannot consider that the
armed invasion and occupa-
tion of another country are
"peaceful means" or proper
means to achieve justice and '
conformity with international
law.
We do, however, believe
that upon the .suppresion of
the present act of aggresicm
and bleach of the pew, there
Should be a greater effort by
the United Nations and its
members to secure justice and
conformity with international
as???....*0111?1
galletrAMPitrailii
Perhaps the world com-
munity has been at fault in
not having paid enough atten-
tion to this truth. The United
States, for its part, will vigor-
ously seek solutions of the
problems of the area in ac-
cordance with justice and in-
ternational law. And we shall
in this great effort seek the
association of other like-
minded nations which realize,
as we do, that peace and jus-
tice are in the long run in-
separable.
What To Do Nest
But the United Nations
faces immediately the prob-
lem of what to do next. If it
cues nothing, if it accepts the
Ignoring of its reepated reso-
lutions calling, for the with-
drawal of invading forces;
then it win have admitted
failure. That failure would be
a blow to the authority and
influence of the United Na-
tions in the world and to the
hopes which humanity placed
in the United Nations as the
means of achieving peace with
justice.
This failure would be harm-
Ail to the long 'term good of
Israel. It would, in addition
to its injury to the United
Nations, jeopardize the pro-
spects of the peaceful solution
of the problems of the Middle
East. This could bring incal-
culable ills to our friends and
Indeed to our nation itself.
It would make infinitely more
difficult the realization of the
goals which I laid out in my
Middle East message of Jan.
5 to Congress seeking to
strengthen the area against
Communist aggression, direct
or indirect.
The United Nations must
not fall. I believe that?in
the Interests of peace?the
United Nations has no choice
but to exert pressure upon
Israel to comply with the
? withdrawal resolutions. Of
course, we still hope that the
Government of Israel will see
that its best immediate and
long-term interests lie in com-
pliance with the United Na-
tions and in placing its trust
In the resolutions of the Unit-
ed Nations and in the declara-
tion-of the United States with
reference to the future.
I do not believe Israel's de-
fault should be ignored because
the United Nations has not
been able effectively to carry
out its resolutions condemning
the Soviet Union for its
armed suppression of the
people of Hungary. Perhaps
this is a case where the proverb
applies that two wrongs do
not make a right.
Deplores Soviet Action
No one deplores more than I
the fact that the Soviet Union
ignores the resolutions of the
United Nations. Also no na-
tion is more vigorous than is
the United States in seeking
to exert moral pressure against
the Soviet Union, which by
reason of its size and power
and by reason of its veto in
the United 'Nations Security
Council, Js relatively imperyi-
ous to other types of sanction.
The United States and other
free nations are making clear
by every means at their com-
mand the evil of Soviet con-
duct in Hungary. It would in-
deed be a ad day if the United
States ever felt that it had to
subject Israel to the same type
of moral pressure as is being
applied to the Soviet Union.
, There can, of course, be no
equatine of a nation like Israel
with thit of the Soviet_11
IrbeCbiltoRORT841i1247
those of the United States, are
imbued with a religious faith
and a sense of moral values.
We are entitled to expect, and
do expect, from such peoples
of the free world a coptribution
to world order which unhap-
pily we cannot expect from a
nation controlled by atheistic
despots.
It has been suggested that
United Nations actions against
Israel shoat? not be pressed
because Egypt has in the past
violated the armistice agree-
ment and international law. It
is true that troth Egypt and
Israel, prior to last October,
engaged in reprisals in viola-
tions of the armistice agree-
ments and that Egypt ingnored
the United Nations in exercis-
ing belligerent rights in rela-
tion to Israeli shipping in the
Suez Canal and in the Gulf of
Aqaba. However, such viola-
tions constitute no justification
for the armed invasion of
Egypt by Israel which the
United Nations is now seeking
to undo.
Egypt, by accepting the Six
Principles adopted by the' Se-
curity Council last October in
relation to the Suez Canal,
bound itself to free and open
transit through the Canal
without discrimination, and to
the principle that the opera-
tion of the Canal should be
insulated from the politics of
any country.
Makes No Assumptions
We should not essume that
If Israel withdraws, Egypt
Will prevent Israeli shipping
from using the Suez Canal or
the Gulf of Aqaba. If, unhap-
pily, Egypt does hereafter vio-
late the Armistice agreement
or other international obliga-
tion, then this should be, dealt
with firmly by the society of
nations.
The present moment is a
grave one, but we are hopeful
that reason and right will pre-
vail. Since the events of last
October and November, solid
progress has been made, in
conformity with the Charter
of The United Nations.' There
Is the cease-fire, the forces of
Britain and France have ,een
withdrawn, the forces of Israel
have been partially withdrawn,
and the clearing of the Canal
nears completion. When Israel
completes its withdrawal, it
will have removed a ? definite
block to further progress.
Once this block Is removed,
there will be serious and
creative tasks for the United
Nations to perform. There
needs to be, respect for the
right of Israel to national
existence and to internal de-
velopment. Complicated pre-
visions insuring the effective
international use of the Suez
Canal will need to be worked
out in detail, The Arab ref-
ugee problem must be solved.
As I said in my special mes-
sage to Congress on Jan. 5, it
must be made certain that all
the Middle Haat is ,ke_ptiree
from aggression and infiltra.
tion.
Help for Miami
Finally, all who cherish
freedom, including ourselves,
should help the nations of the
Middle East achieve their just
aspirations for improving the
well-being of their peoples.
What I have spoken about
tonight is only one step in a
long process calling for pa-
Ramainigence, but at
ti 1P is the critical
issue on which future progress
depends.
It is an issue which can be
solved if only we will apply
the principles of the United
nations.
That is why, my fellow
Americans, I know you want
the United States to continue
to use its maximum influence
to sustain those principles as
the world's best hope for
peace.
vs :es
FEB 2 I 195?
If. N. ASSEMBLY URGES
HUMAN RIGHTS DRAFT
speetel to The New York Timm
? UNITED NATIONS, N. Y Feb.
20?The General Assembly called
on its Social, Humanitarian and
Cultural Committee today to fin-
ish work in the 1958 session on
the draft cotenants of human
rights.
. At .the same time it voted to
Shift the problem of what to do
about human rights violations
over to the Human Rights COM-
mission. For the second year it
postponed discussion of three
proposals to establish commis-
Mims on self-determination or
the right of a people to choose
? their own political destiny.
The ,Assembly committee has
been working for three years on
t.he drafts of the two covenants,
Which were submitted to the
Assembly in 1954 by the Human
Rights Commission, One covenant
deals with economic, social and
cultural rights, the other with
Civil and political rights.
Last, year the committee
Adopted a preamble and an ar-
ticle recognizing that all peoples
have the right to self-determina-
tion, These would be the same
in both covenants,
This year the committee ap-
proved texts for seven articles
In the covenant on economic, so-
cial and cultural rights. They
cover the right to work, to just
working conditions, to belong to
a trade union, to protection of
the family, to social security, to
an adequate standards of living
and to the highest attainable
health standards.
All these articles were adopted
Without opposing votes, save for
the one on social security. Seven
countries voted against that ar-
ticle, to which a Soviet proposal
had been attached providing that
social security included social in-
surance.
2
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L Y. Times
FEB 21 1957
NEW PARLIAMENT
LIVELY IN POLAND
,? ?..
Some Deputies Voice 'Nays'
--Cyrankiewicz Renamed
1-- -...?+-?y?^---- -,,?
By SYDNEY GRUSON
Shit lel to The Nese York Timm
WARSAW, Feb. 20?The Po-
lish Parliament that was elected
in a nation-wide demonstration
of eupport for Wiadysiaw Go-
meilka last month opened today
wii?Wa show of unaccustomed
kirelinesp.
To the surprise and audible
show of delight of spectators in
the crowded galleries, several
nay rates and abstentihns were
registered in a departure from
the tradition of legislative una-
ninitty in Communist countries.
44'6st/surprising was the vote
of one unidentified deputy
against the designation of Josef
Cyrankiewlez to continue as
Premier. 111, Gomulka, who is
First Secretary of the Polish
United Workers (Communist)
party, nominated M. Cyrankle-
wiez to form .a new Cabinet.
Because there were so many
new faces among the Deputies,
no one was certain who had,
voted against M. Cyrankiewicz.,
The, dissenter sat in the center
of the semi-circular chamber in
the back of the section assigned
to the Democratic party, , I
The Democratic party is one I
of the two non-Comrnunist par-
. . ,
ties in Poland that bpck the
Communist - led regime. The
other is the United Peasants
party.
Dissenting votes were also
east against some candidates to
the Council of State, a group
that corresponds to a national
presidency. For the most part
the dissenters were independ-
ents, but there was one Com-
monist who raised his hand to
signify absentention.
The business of the first day's
aession was purely organization-
al. Nevertheless, the , display of
scattered oppositiod was consid-
ered a portent giving point to
the words of 74-year-old Bole-
slaw Drobner? who as the oldest'
Deputy opened the new Parlia-
ment.
"Our Sejin 'Parliament]
should no longer remain mute,"
M. Drobner said. "This Sejra
must not be a parliamentary
fiction. It must become a source
of renovation. It must end shall
be a furnace in which we will
be forging iron-and steel as long;
AS our October (when M. Gom-
ulka returned to power I remains
hot." Approv
EASTERN EUROPE
?
New Speaker Itleseted
CzealaW With, .st 'Peasant
party leader who had been i
eclipse for several years, was
elected as the new Marshal, or
Speaker, of the Sejm. Deputy
Marshals elected were Zenon
Kliszko of the Communist party,
a close associate of M. Gotnulka,
and Jerzy Jodlowski of the
Democratic party, who made
critical speeches in the last ses-
sions of the previous Parlia-
ment.
They were elected unanimous-
ly and so were three Commu-
nists and one Democratic patty
member at the top of the list of
the , State Council candidates.
When the fifth name on the
State Council list was read, that
of Bolesiaer Podedivorny of the
Peasant party, the Speaker
called as usual for those in fa-
vor to raise their hands and as
usual 'Called afterward for those ,
against and those abstaining. As '
usual he said "I see none.
Several Deputies shouted "But
there are two!" and heads
snapped to stare. As many as
seven abstentions end four nays
were registered against most of
the remaining candidates for the
fifteen-member council,
A notable exception was the
unanimous Vote for M, mulka,
which was preceded by
ovatioe.
Earlier in the day pal . eau-
tures adopted thdir dirt Rotary
rules, said to: be' mpre !lenient
than. in the past. Tile ortaniza-
tion of Deputies, Intoi party
groups instead of regional
groups was itself a revival of a
'traditidn that had been sup-
pressed for many years.
The Communists, who with
237 members have 51.7 per cent
of the seats, take .up the left
half d the hall. Then come the
Peasants, who have 116 seats,
and the Democratic party, with
39 seats. On the 'right sat the
63 independents, a designation
that includes 12 Roman Catho-
lics.
The SEIM will meet again;
next Tuesday, when a new Cab-
inet, may be announced. The new
flues of procedure that are to
be formulated by that time will
have an important influence in
deciding whether the Parliament
'hand' In making as well as ratia;?:
will in effect begin to _have
tying the nation's laws.
ANTI-POLISH DRIVE TO STOP
Soviet-Led Bloc Calls Off Its
Campaign of Criticism
watt to The New York Tithes.
WARSAW, Feb. 20 ?Within
the last few days Poland's Com-
munist leaders have received as-
surances from the Soviet Union
that the anti-Polish campaign in
the Soviet-led ? press wilt be
called off.
The signal has already been
.given to halt criticism that was!
Oiling up on Poland from every i
country in the Soviet bloc ex-:
rept China, Nikita S. Khrio
shchey, Soviet party Secretary,
flashed kgiaV Toinci68ii1
Y. Tinos
FEB '2. 1 190
iTiOTEST ON BALLOONS
Czechs Ask International Body
to Discuss the Matter
MONTREAL, Feb. 20 eTi-
Czechoslovakia plans to ask the
International Civil Aviation Or-,'
ganization to take steps to pre-,
vent West Germany and the
United States from launching
balloons that sail river Czech
territory.
The Czechs say the balloons
are used for espionage purposes,
and menace planes.
The protest was contained in
a message from the Czech Civil:
Aviation Directorate to Carl.
Sjuriberg, Secretary General of;
the international body. It risked
that the matter be placed on the
agenda for a meeting tomorrow
of the group's twenty-one-nation,
council here.
N. if. Times
P 2T 1157
1
Times an SaI1 in Poland
Speeat th The efew Ttu.k Timm
WARSAW, Feb. 20,---.The
ternational Edition of The New
York Times went on sale in
Warsaw today and was placed
on files in public rooms through-
out the country. The Times is
,the first United States paper to
'be made available for general
reading In the last ten years of
?Communist rule here.?
nighi. In it frienillii-iiiiiih: iiiili:11
irtg Soviet-Bulgarian friendship,
Mr. Rhrushchev said ?her Po-
lish United Workers (Corfamii.,
Matt party' under Wladyslaw,
Gomulka, its First Secretary,
was successfully "repelling - the
reactionary conspiracy" and
working for the consolidation of
socialism in Poland and for co-
operation with all Communist
countries. Mr. Xhrushchev
added: .
"We on our part will do every-
thing for Poland to develop and
strengthen her as an equal and
Independent Socialist state
1 marching side by skit with other
Socialist countries toward the
triumph of ovT common cause:
the construction of socialism and
the strengthening of peace
throughout thr.0 world,"
This was a reistavkable change
of tone toward Poland's leaders,
The Eastern European, press had
in effect accused them in recent
weeks of giving comfort to the,
counter-revolution by the new
liberalized policies instituted
since M. Gornulka returned to
'
power. i
': CIA-RDP78-02771R000.20038000115
j.
FEB 1 1957
. *cote, uoir Khrvehotiev
morro*' Feb. 20 tiP)-- Ches.,
ter Bowles, former Ambassador
to India, spent more' than an
hour today with Nikita S.
KhrUshchev, First Secretary of
the Soviet Communist party.
Mr. Bowles declined to say
what they had talked about. He
is hero as a tourist,
11. Y. Tines
FEB 2 1 195 7
PUN OK HUNGARY URGED
' Lodge Says U.N. Should Be
Ready for a New Revolt
_
WASHINGTON, Feb. 20 Mil--
Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge
Jr. believes the United Nations
should have a plan of action
ready for any new outbreak of
violence in Communist - ruled
Hungary.
The chief United States dele-
gate to the United Nations ex-
pressed this view in a letter to
Senator Roman 1.4, IIruska, Re-
publican of Nebraska, who had
urged such a course in a letter
to Mr. Lodge Feb. 12, ?
Mr. Lodge's letter was made.
public today by the Senate In-
ternal Security Subcom itt ee.
Mr. Hruska was acting as chair-
man of the subcommittee when.
two participants in the Hun-
garian revolt last October tea-1
tified recently that preparations?
for a new uprising, were underS
Way.
Mr. Hruska- forwarded their
testimony to Mr. Lodge with a
suggestion that the United 'Na-
tions Special Committee on Hun-
gary prepare a plan of action
in the event that a new anti-
Soviet revolt breaks out.
Chicago TribUM
ffEB 2.0 j9w
Russian Paper DeploreSi
Influence of Church'
LONDON, Feb. ID
[Reu-
ters]?The ft ussian youth
newspapv Komsornols ka ya
Pravda published a letter to-
day saying the growing influ-
ence of the church on young
people "cannot be tolerated,"
Moscow Radio reported. The
writer complained that priests
"by subtly adapting their
work to contemporary condi,
tions and developing their
struggle for possession of the
hearts and minds of young
men and women."
Ltini1011
VOSS Approve4For
FEB 2 1 1957
ase 2003/08/11 : INAIRtleill%2771R000200380001 -5
FEB 1!) 1957
HUNGARY Antat RoFti
DRIVE ON WRITERS
Plans Several Trials as U.S
Bars Refugee Intellectuals
Who Were Idealistic Reds
By JOHN MiseCORMAO
media to The New Nor* 'nem.
VIENNA Feb, 20?The Him-
Tointt EDITOilitild* THE Tfatv;
S tr_evIdrtir it over the past few
!teem toe auttutte of Brillsh people towards
Hungarian eefutient has undereone a
marked change. The reason for this
appears to be almost entirely based on cer-
tainic Press reports of bad behaviour among
t ugees. Refusees have caused riots
in hostels, expressed in violent forms then
dislike of England and the English. and
refused to work, it is claimed.
ghten
rasp on Hungary
By Frederick Brook
Special, Corretpondeat of The chrj
Monitor
Yet much of this criticism seems to he Vienna
based on very flimz evidence, and in any Hungary's Stalinist - Co
Me Government 8 nt mmie earheed.
t Govnment ha reoenti' se
smell comParison with the number of - ' W
. case the number incidents is extremely
es. at the
,moment.
Hungary is being
- to the hammer and
Last doubt of an early end 4 6 00 et tbe :Eastern bloc. The
garinn Government has begun a refueeee in thii country. Having worked the
drive against intellectuats Just for '7?iver? three months with Hungarians 1 Soviet occupation and he malt
-
main bond is a, fresh $24,000,000
when the United States seems to wae,..t
have decided that nothing much ? a t .f I f vh t It plain 00 it ;intends to $1.4iy Soviet reconstruction loan. the
'?4, not hesitate to say that the vast
or t em.. y are a so of Soviet terms of which now are being
negotiated. This renewed eco-
can be done her Hungarian In- boas done I b
maim" Y ex reme y gra e u or a a
,rhe in power; reline on the support
tellectuals who have escaped, tan s and troops
extrerpele honest, as the warden 'of one - '' e ,-.. ' ,. nom* dependence on Moscow
There are a number of Hun- -tarsi -hostel at Wapping Pointed out to me ?lib itbt weeks ago 'tun:mu" became virtually inevitable after
gartan writers in Austria who seeentle. Yet some reports have worsted nista in Hungary were enteoure the Western powers rejected
cannot be admitted to the Unit- that the contrary is the case. What
might follow the m
ed States because they say they incidents there have been may largely he with awili
once Joined the Conununtst party put down to boredom. In several hostels. i formation of . a more broadly regime,
recent weeks by the Kadar
,
ter idealistic rattler than ' ecor, theerefugees have had nothing to do sinte based goveenment in spring.
foe agin4speculation that a 'Soviet feelers for financial aid put out
TIONTlie reasons, New Army Reached
Tom- include !lamas
whore of the Stalin and
Pit 1Clir editor
be and h f
tY led Star Hoisted
wawa it I painfully slow. f
mew*? Anothat factor which does not seem to 1-lad the statement of "no re- On the internal ecori ri rnie
front, too, the old policies of tie
of lbw balaid*" appreciated is the ?dent ?. treat from the Stalin line," Stalin era are retureme. Radio
&VII, or secret police, infiltration among
---- the various carom, It is now certain that which Minister of State Georgy Budapest has announced that
ter- several INErer Police agents have penetrated mailman made Feb 16 been more than 500 of the roller th
the nearly cyan Camp as bona-lick , t wen ifuartim onwhave
s dissolvednohde been
c
urbne4gth!,itete i
methods of causing unrest Pinsie at twit time,
neve led to another liare-uo. Yet
typify nautili
Invit mxper
E re oyes',
II ha central Comm orga
I Szabad Nep, and Tibor Mer_aSs.
!widely vm Hungarien report-
' 'Trial Directed at Writers
The trial of Ilona Toth, Gyula
Oberenvszky. dozsef Gall and
ethers now going on in Budapest
is the first of it number of
Manned trials directed at Hun-
genan writers,
Mr. Galt is a young playwright
whose piece "On Freedom Moun-
tain" made a stir in intellectual
circles shortly before the revolt,
,It was a bitter indictment of
police regimes and a, alerification
of human values, Mr. Obersov-
iszky was editor of a provincial
newspaper before he,wais expelled
'from the Communist party in
'1955,
Aecording to reliable infor-
'motion. Hungary ie preparing a
trial against refit better.
Juicy/al verttere, Winding Gyula
?-edgy Bogen Dela Tibete Tardos,
leomea, VOW*, 'BA* rAng.
yel, eMPOWW0e and PO
The indictment against Mr.
Hay is reported to be that be.
spoke on the rebel radio when
the Russians attacked Buda.
Pest. Mr. Zelk, a Stalm Prize
winner, is accused re connec-
tions with. foreign ernba;sies in
Budapest; Mr. Tardos of con-
nections with revolutionary
youth; Mr. Varga of inciting
the workers of the Csepel dis-
trict to striae.
Writers Friends of. Nagy
The charge against Mr. Novo-
bacsky is that he tried to flee
to Yugoslavia with Mr. Ac2e1
and Mr. Meray. Mr, laxesel, who
was a close acquaintance of
Imre Nagy, former Premier, is
alleged to have collected mate-
rial from witnesses of the re-
volt.
Miklos Gimes, another trie.nd
of Mr. Nagy and a member of
Ake- editorial board of Szabad
Prep until expelled from the
party in 1955; Gyula Fekete and
Zoltan Molnar are in jail.
Istvan Ural, one of the most
talented young Hungarian poets,
are eittret idiom, By plaguing .k..,-- ..--'1. --A ' 1 again.
officialt*it aints by writing lists of xr,,,,w4mr. "Imo :1117nuow'ru 111 In the factories, the 'Workers
names to rnrowlutitorijies in Hungary & s Ileac n
Tnis, Is partly because Councils, which were once tlic
and by ai,,, irirfaise Thiermation about work-ithe patriots ave earned the fue main organs of patriot resist-
init'000ditions In this %ammo/they soma mei Mit of armed resistance and am e. are being steadily pressed
partly forturistdv,,to be able. 4,NtilSO trouble of _ bettatese Premier Janus agai we
net the ll or else al lotted
far greaterca
significance than their numbers: ... adar's regime anywayhal got unpopular tasks in N cieliberale
These method* are of course familiar to thing/Sin band for the me t, effort to drive a tvedge between
Irklanle MC
be faced In
cloeht,ii
many in this country. The sending of
refugees' names to flungare does very easily
allow pressure to he brolight on therefugees
through relatives still in that country and
already about 20 refugees have returned
home.
Yet another facer to H considered
before condemning the ref for
tilde is that there are also ; convicted
criminals among them. Wit the political
prisoners were liberated in the few days of
freedom, genuine criminals were also freed,
Doubtless the instincts of the latter were to
escape before they could be tecapttered ten
civilian Police.
Finally, it must not be forgotten that due
to the inept policy of certain instruments of
western felt
many of the Hun-
garians relt certain that either the western
Powers or at least the United Nations would
come to their aid. As one young Hungarian
housewife remarked te me through an inter-
prefer: "We felt that we had been' sold
down the river." Surely we have not
become so complacent about our men moral
standards that we turn our harks on those
distreia because they do root all meet our
own codes of behaviour?
Yours faithfully, .
DESMOND WETTERN. Presa officer,
? Hmigarian Relief Fund.
8, Cumberland House; Kensinaton Kish
_
will he tried with the so-ealledi
Angyal group :when the present'
trial is over. ? He Is ttecused of
having prepared pamphlets
against the Russians and the
regime of Premier Janos,Kadar.
The Kadar regime is trying to
rally intellectual support. It has
sought to induce those writers
who fled to Yugoslevia and
Austria to return, These ef-
forts are facilitated by the fact
that they cannot get to the
United States unlest, they plead
that they became Communists
only as a result of political or -
economic pressure.
them and the workers.
" Finally, on the ail-important
tary front, the formation of a
ly pew Hungarian Army
ins-bdea, On Feb. IP the
giojedornMant announced the for-
mation-or an armed "workers'
guard" of undisclosed size to
malittal"gure that labor follows
orders and to prevent strikes.
[The Associated Press quoted
the government announcement
as saying that the workers'
time and it Ii
what forces Inside or .
Hungary can storp the process.
The first grim sign of this
new Soviet era .in Hungary was
noted last week at the Danube
industrial center,- of Komarom
in Western Hungary, A huge
red star allegedly made by the
, guard's mission would be ''to de-
fend the achievements of social-
workers Was hoisted onto the
roof of e factory in town. It was
the first of 'all the hundreds of ism, to guarantee the maintee
red stars 'torn down from Hun-
garian .factories last October to
be formally replaced. It will not
be the last. 1
14
Furthermore, the Communists
now have ordered the restora-
tion by April 4 of all memorials
to the Soviet Army which were
destroyed 'during the October
revolution qa spontaneous ex-
preesions of the Hungarian Pee.
ple's universal inettellatlaian
feeling. ?
The regime had to r!emind the
? nation that Feb. 13 was the lgth
anniversary of the entry or So-
viet troops into Budapest in t DWI bunn
1945. The people were asked to
,FEB 24? 1957
believe that in 1050, as at the ? - anarare,
end of World War IT Soviet Repor's ffiftwiry to Let I
Budapest for the cause of lib-, Charehearhannei Relief
GENEVA,' Slitzerla nd, Feb
mince of unhindered calm among
the working people and also
smooth production, and to pre-
vent the efforts of eounterrevo-
lutinnary elements to regain
power and, in pursuit of these
ends, to support the armed
forces."
[The nimouncernent said the
guardsmen would be volunteers
over 18 "drawn from people loyal
to, socialism," They will get no
additional pay.)
soldiers fought In the sixtets of
erty.
Affront to Moscow , 19 ,Illeuters17-The Lutheran
In the field of education the World Federation , disClosed
renewed wave of Sovietization .here today the Hungarian guy---
has been erinressed M a recent eenment had given permission
order that' the Russian language for church organisations in
the West to sponsor their own
relief programs inside lino.
gary. Until now, the Hungar-
iari government had insisted
that the international commit-
tee of the Red Cross was the
must again be adopted as a
compulsory subject in all
schools. Only at the universities
will Western languages be al-
lowed as alterpatiVes.
The explanation given for this
retrograde step was the lack of
teachers and textbooks. The real
reason is that the lifting of cone. only acceptable channel for
pulsory Ruseian instruction dur- relief goods.
in the brief' patriot triumph last
fall, was an open affront to Moa-
k cow Which the Kremlin was de-
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Was:lino.. Post
FEB 2 19S7
Approved For Release 2003/08/11 : CIA-RDP78-02771R000200380001-5
lt.
FEB "? 1 177 [L LI
SWEDEN BLAMES THE HUNGARIAN
RISING
tefugee Loads
51 een on Austria
By Warren Unna
start Reporter
t
he chief of the Quaker ref to arrive here, all with per-F
manent resident visas, were the
e mission in Austria was hard-core Communists w ho
klashington yesterday warn- I were first to flee Hungary.
that resettling Hungarians Meyerding said some Corn-
;U11 very much of a prob- munist officials did flee?but
particularly for the Aus- , mainly to the East and closer
ns. ! to Russia. He added that
Austria's "Inner Ministerlum"
(Ministry of the Interior),
which long ago began investi-
gating refugees as a basic na-
tional security problem, has
effectively been weeding out
what hard-core Communists
there are among the refugees.
Nt least 70,00C Hungarians
still in Austria and the
tgarian aod crisis may well
ig another 100,000 or 200,000
spring or early summer. It
tremendous expense with
main burden 'still on the
stri a n government And
re are signs of rapid de- ...
loration of moral 'Th"y sr
e among " the Russians'
particularly those As for the bulk of refugees,
the camps," Edward H.' Meyerding declared: "Nobody'
yerding declared, has to give them any lessons
leyerding, 37, former direc- about toe evils of communism
of the American Civil and the glories of being free.
forties Union chapter i n These ocople will be good anti-
icago, has just returned, Communist agents. They
m two years of supervising know the Russians. They have
clothing and feeding of, lived with them. They can
n Curtain refugees seeking?teach us :?re than we can
Fen c h them '
Oum in Austtla. Meyerding. also noted t hat
Ie declared the United, there was a definite relation
ttes effort for the Hurt. between the large numbers of
'tans not only has not been students and highly trained
sugh so fa it it also suffers i technicians among the refugees
so "great ceinfu'sion." and the fact that the govern-
fhis country first agreed to ment, out of necessity h a d
:e in 5000 Hungarian rein-
es, then 21,300. More re-
itly, t h e Administration
2ided to continue taking in
'ugees under t e m p 0 r a r yiamong the refugees t em-
arctic certificates. As 0 I , selves. He said part of this
inday a total of 26,593 Hun- was caused by the fact that
rians have now come to this some of the ruthless Hungarian
antry, 6356 of them under Cornmu.oist leaders were Jew-
ernanent immigration visas. ish?
said Meyerding: "In Vienna He said anti-semitism also
? official; are given quotas had arisen in envy over the
im time to time but they I special dietary treatment and
never sure what the quotas [other services Jewish refugee
s or if they arc going to 'officials had been able to rein
otinue i ?morrow. There der their own people.
ve peen reports that a quota
WOO a month would be ad-
granted both groups access to
western literature.
The Quaker leader also con-
firmed reports of anti-semitism
ssible into the United States
t the officials have never
illy 'aeen informed of that.
'There are more than enough
!ugees amongst those who
we relatives in the United
stes to fill the quotas. And
use who don't have relatives
9 out of luck," he added..
,Jting and Choosing
oteyerding noted that many
antries, but particularly the
ited States, have been pick-
. and choosing the refugees.
said Austria is likely to he
clled with what is left: "the
2d, the sick and the uncle-
lefugee workers in Austria
Cie "very optimistic that
egress would do something
,ckly" several months ago,
Quaker leader reported.
it now tney all seem to be
remely pessimistic."
4eyerchnie m in im I ze d
rges by Chairman Francis
Walter (D-Pa.) of the House
migration Subco
that the first 6356 ref
ltimore Sun ,
FB 7'1997
5 Sentenced As Spies
Belgrade, Feb. 16 (Int A
'Yugoslav district eourt. today
sentenced five persons, two of
them Italian citizens, to prison
terms ranging from eighteen
months to fifteen years on
charges of spying for Italy.
5
SOVIET ON ENVOY
Rejects Note Laying jailing
of Diplomat to Police
4
Special to The New York Timm
; GEORGE Mixts t?e nuomaritm Revo
I I92pp. Andr?entsCh. 12s. 6d.
Noir. BARisrn : A Ilanctful of .4thes.
130pp. Allan Wingate. 12s. 6d.
Mr. cicorge Mikes, a Hungarian by
origin, but now a nattiralized British
subject, has attempted with remarkable
competence to piece together all the
. STOCKHOLM, Sweden, Feb. events, both before and behind the
scenes, that made up the victory and the
disaster of the Hungarian revolution.
He adds a short introduction to cover the
period from the end of the first war to
the outbreak of the revolution and a
chapter of suggestions concerning the
future. which many will think is so
succinct as to have been hardly worth
doing. In the middle of the book are
illustrations which form one of the best
collections (and one of the most gruesomo)
that have appeared or this episodo.
Mr. Mikcs's summary of the period from
1919 to 1955 shows ilungztrian political hie
to be nasty, brutish, and short-sisthied. .But
n also brings out how infinitely ic-ss
able, in spite of its oppression, was the
oligarchic government of the period between
the wars ?and even during the at NWT?than
the various governments and tegimes that
succeeded the Russian invasion.
It is well to be reminded of the personal
histories of those whose names were 'brought
up daily M the reports published during the .
revolution itself : R?i, Ritjk, Kadar (the
present Prime Minister), Gelb who, accord-
ing to Mr. Mikes, was the snake in the grass
throughout?Imre Nagy, ar -first the hero,
later the suspect, and then again, but too late,
the upright man of the revolution, and .
Cardinal Mindszenty, not, it would seem, the-
-most diplomatic of prelates.
One is left ., with some unanswered
questions, for instance, how was it that
Miring the first crucial days the revolution
did not at once (as almost an revolutions
nowadays