COMMUNES' - THE 'BASIC UNIT OF CHINESE SOCIETY' THEIR TASKS [ ] [ ]

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CIA-RDP78-02771R000300120030-0
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RIFPUB
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K
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15
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December 12, 2016
Document Release Date: 
September 25, 1998
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30
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REPORT
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(vi) according t of Pay ft e80 __ ._~ tiUi h :r Cif n d -v 34 'The eysto i o -- atio of l.b ~u ' va,.uir'oas it~ci txt3p llt. .; lebo, ,.~vcitir~ c~ x ~tntt T 1 7 b our p ;adpo,' ,?K+ ;`- V*0t10U&I ur 1 t tri" t I ho-ruirlim..t 0, 1. ". 11 ge t [i r~rnu get marPo* of thra et3-ot1t tales;,ar eecr3 r0?G?~?d~ty ?tt?r1'l` IMP' Of B 8b1'~? tiiltl~lAf# Q~.iw for labour!t?l~fr g iu etx'iel Production. In ofice* fi'o : did t .e* Or,et eeo types of- de-ba~w b :.:9dytsely affl,~:,eo,~~~ix~. eocardi .t . #~t ,e utjof tof lb #as t r,1 (vii)Eet31c c ontribUtj off" distribution 0f accordenoe`with 8 under its control coupons to ? moutbor Will then pay`' for ---w ? his sy41+A lerdita 4sllet ri 1 ~ . several grs U .~.,. Approximate otid ,y tleterm zt t iot ~tsl a weer t'or a,~ a' t ha 11ombors one ion b,ais in 'the fori t of ;a b9t1 20;. used as bonumio f17 ....~. ~. lp~egricul u.,.,.~ trot 50 of the onus u trm' e`o rationali 30r , E~n .ye sx 2Q.; in industry 9 `'other Forme of .pro iu~gi~i b x .' nation uvit 60,., and footoribwf~x mines +ti o. 9'?? a of o&'' toontru- trhe pay of ?r mou b2 pe r-+~"'" rroront - - - ; iA t o k?eto Various apcre tion +;WAYAUUVI 0.$j;u8r3 5, t'~-otori~ats yr d Lf1:-fle ', at t oft"A according to ;the "exte 1 by whloh the h1 eah year y a~x u 'ilg Tan?. Dietributi ,.of bonuses will ba so, xord "> c'oduction antral the amount e`t eivsd. 'ha teary+Jc? o?' h gr 1,~4 trhioh will ., .. ?. hauld ecooorr. for ;" a ha ,j tn'kry:_ bonusve U1 P nieer,,tturlbore, Those fujfill.ing eo. otmt9 2tiont wi? 1 o+aiv~ x ate,. AkA r ,-ue Ott N& re9,S04M= +e 51o "wages at a ? tiecoW1 410 11, V 14 3 ' ed ; o' ae"iA 'hose not oo be absent criticised or;Cteaued. the largo ope tl Be All `b) active C) love _snWd_ t-creonalitiee.tetttd# jVr8Qtj at a' .. (d) think progree4~ie ' st t;;.>ne3 x~ : e, F1 leading `d tc.a~ 14,10?Ja .Qttl a) work ?+to},eastt `teehyn~ioR.~7i~zao~rFfait~r ~~y t isaetore whtoh~ aUitably rawer: aApprcred For Release 2001/11/16 : CIA-RDP78-02771,8000300120030-0 - 8 to 4nod wages, fdeterminat t.c 1 ding to th".3 that it r; y Van-days off' ?ible in orc ;' his the on on ennui , .beeia 0 fulfiimf3 7 onal unit. 'tween the Pa.., -fi ery. in differei t paying ahis sy t t? ,j o' S so* Or a o the n relations t t tr' e..i mec3 hst, i the t he cozirauno mt:;e t . ep 911 tixusl book in . Tegulat t he bas +aoGit~a~n~u =o:' Le members 1 fu y,. I Q L ~'? Q219 " " onauoaed irx xDn! ee~ 41t x"!!e~ ~emarrz?.; ftn. buur- nt eh?.grede. Ut9d to s xemalnin War pit at _.. ng produotio, 9n ?t x~ 3ulrii tn, epecir.- ,d ic3s'lty. I Approved For Release 2001/11/16: CIA-RDP78-02 Approved For Release 2001/11/16 : CIA-RDP78-02771 R000300120030-0 close touch with the messos, to Y 1 in tiheir owx! '3,ina of warn; and to develop the Qumunist court,, t I.Ink spoor and eat boldly. (5) Politioel. aq ,gic An Sdux . t i. n,a L!=15: -erty"or sne shook place the tree oS ought o the c c mro, nu trnernbere under their contra 1. all times. These''po'.ty organs o!rc r 11 pu csue tho struggle between t a~. advanced and the bvq "d, should rya p;?, rt and eoolaim tbs More advnn,?: d 44A ? ' h.6y shou) r ) uo 3'Le ''oonmLDe Mambere with t:v: units and 1'edi~vid . proper reletionehip" stwe?n the Stir c Fend the oho, an W011 ae t between the ` nor uune , ` its-ao ercr in an sftort pioUD't~ the romnin Honan Poople' a Deily on 18/8/!:=i c ri iod a froft: pogo raport ouu L_aca ovomont to ostoblish"people's comA ruro i v ith'"parUcul,er':rptArsnce tc progress in the :Isin 'enn district - H r n. It said 'that the bogin'i rig of the eonuno movemsut in' this diva :ri IF should be ,xagsr'ded -as a lvr, 1 - ricirk shovrin;;that`Qhineo!a ogricultia ?cl Cr operative o atom is boginnin to take a big stop forwe. d 0 0001 11 c,r? necorms' ion,leading !]rem ;ociali?m to ootar.uoiem~ ;a cxporimont" its being`. rriee C. ' ?iheing, R?d'Flog .n4 (3hsoying. - )tut before rsvi "" atelle~ given about these ntl3 lidtcel oOta~tuy 4 a ; t is wortk`, fo+oota QiDg, he prc=grtosee rr do in gonere7. in ttwp,4of the threu pr Zvi noep in w h ; O rogmaune bourgeois ideO?-Og `l c 0 =mcto^abor~sa perionoos of'Fioictta 'O n-un ea , The ohiof.at dtiew which have r'o a ,, iv od publiolt ?'e ),t Doe of r nY 8 into big ones page A, '4uxpJn~; cad irj.. c countioe loo the. 4W. 3pociol District;';,'?, +'pu',tivo c: nprla;ng 6 000 tq;-" t D boueoholoe w,4 s net up in each o u ' r. By th, t or I ) f July the serving, o;' all 3 9 376 cooperatives t-a]t kaamploted 1,i t h ) vain' end 208 :p*Opie's o orWMuntz 3 hod been formed,, ?soft wZth en ever,;) ?c )f about '8,,0008,b cholda. The transformation :toll owed '1?i A big loip forward! ,ifl .1]. tfiold rs n)..a do 'by the people 3n the District in't'P1,) p,.,s year. IU,'thO' m1det of the upsurge for the- oonstr+ otion of ir.t' L,90 8:i( In projects,Ood` %e*4hOtion,- :Large-scale mutual assiltanoe and ' x;p,.~rF.tiop was Oepj,, Gds""Qtxt~ betwoon ho various rural diatrieta and ages' Lcu tt rnl cooporettIpd; n the :rtruggle for bumper ' ive ta, the 11 fEE;ae of. then p+0 lo.`.~rQelisad th~~ 6`4t strength of the colloc tlya in ohan4 LY4 nr turc, ~ devo tion ,..arid improving the ppO IOmsflifclihk~7d. At the. cam., i th0y s1s1o :r('r-118od that small doe gretivoa c rs a].d n .,, meet the `^r.W$re -t+~ o-f t eau 1,ig loop forwercj 1>m yt'e* slrto fields ',)t t hid beccmRt dovolopnont of the aVrQBD+ iv'e lwro 1) 3 . 'horefore t4~ ~ raossaoa oxieting roletiMe of,?p 11 action bo.3ov#e i n.urgent, d4 t. of the people. e~-d l,.' . tbeea. o ] cc c rr ctncaes;,thet '. w , . o orwLuno s wore , . e, I 3,666 hoctnroe wow r4 4p totitbr t.o~: a it s woo . It stated that =:in"April a: his Ilia morcing;QC,_a s11 0ooperativc; g` sr 1 Lxomplos, o"'"' thetyp '~of pro3oat rw2?:Ict bed proved "t *up tori.t the c ominuno over' the ;fir#pQ $t~ir-a~ ? i s d I they M, n ong Lougoholds r?nd hs6~; O'h rQ "~ ' ir3a.;tr to 1,F~ -i ta~r:~r could not be plan a t oaa ? -afe r.. the ast bl ~Otct CO ,arzc, 39000 People wore t!oreetu tion; wa. vroviously it hi p~oopcra , rr~oe y'si y out 'fforc;stetion wo =iii lr ,600 heat. rtt~ otter'": uQ m 47, r. "bt,:rtrv.d and 200,000 tote"~,krlat4~j-oer."~ Approved For Release 2001/11/16: CIA-RDP78-027 IBEST :~t f ,round the"c~'1 h' t. s e tjas'.p osGuctio~-:#t iron Also into' - i~.:'41n1 letric,t 300~'Ot}f? ppQ gb Approved For Release 2001/11/16 : CIA-RDP78-02771 R000300120030-0 Siinilerly an. v Piculture1 1rip1oi:11 t B r Uform`trtt moot is now n cri' ?h -~~ .8 eta ociulpping form tools with ,2vroo in , the 0rus? wi;ih the raci . p boll b.:aringe. Malt a million p.. c,p.i, hero ooou ?orgcgiaod to complatc: tho worlc in 2 wooke.?'by turnii-a out 1 ~ ~. G .) u $ t-oaringe P de3. While these now"., ot:ivitice s,-.}c l r pr r,oss. thg. pth!4 '"MCrabors of ~.t. casauros oontifuo . n4,p.anc tr? on tilt i ga t et ct t VV44FW bumper -ititurm horves, e # ,,{ V 09 111, JA i:~r'rkotir depertmQnt@` o9 d atQr p, pr1 n try ond toohnica1 ooh 3.k end"(oven" ollog ).3..' n111.11o c zd~r hc-i s~x* y J4, h $ A 11 and p, seoondc'ry i`?-.loovi .Cho aor uno'`ia 'no 3.cnggnr of `the s ht:ir'c'3#or of '8 io t of but' a blaic social uni W o a.rr.,c~sa[ of ~nar r 'p ~snt~nte, cooporotiva , trodars, atudo V and militia. Cor. r a si)c r ; ',.ng ,ohangoa' cod aprov .m0ntr3 hove hod to 'be W ft, do.r In tho r, nuxvgomunt ?i s,;'etrcrka of diatri'bntion boos UL3(. all m%ans of produotior once the ontir a 1.s bo rr roroo ore . A cod under '..aiified c1ietributiocn nod une ' in ocoor isric e ~ rith tho' princip).u of unif ic,c ;,ir n'gemcnt.,::: ,A-ll aphorroa of produati cn end other DOtir' t18a,, a uch 0e i:irustry, a riculturq, forestry, onin; 1 ta.usaxnndry '-sloe oOOUpetiona, rnnrkuting and supply, credit culture, pt,:bl io? hoat h-ind o, xunicstionr c owe under the un3.tie4 itionogomont of" t ho Co ::munl. ftl+ ; yo' a out -production .Flena on, prri?a~ Out -ncc r i.j1 ritnutioai;: +I s~?.. ?CNh 13 On 21/s NCN11 ao ,i6 , of the `c6a,.ur4c a :u tic Hsi >, ; a . District jig thet: r t~ d . e ti ' 'following' the -oetobliahu font of 1,e of ila'.a n =Csi- ~t?~pe ogle hove boeorao t3ialeipl atd by, the torgc~? eos la .a01eb eyetem. 2romaindoue'..,ahpr o, havo ?4rkon 11 roc i a the ~c . vi strata ~ "0410 mass MO" of o rneoiousT;e ;and living Yn t t t.i, As ?s ; hells, uuroorioe and aowip,g tuc r e i 4av?a mushrocrAd n rywhvro. A bra n been proeent, rao:o VW; 37,000 PO oplc'ti pu`4 1c pe hsll ubl1a t, ostobliahod,irtic whole ?apecir I ci Bt. c ' aq mass hulls hove !become Almost tie caul. pl3Ch .~* ' Q[ii`t a 'to hsvc awls. 2hoao aw dovolopmenT.u h.)-0 aot oii3 o.hp-n d the idcolo ;1ccl oouacuiounnose of t?i c ~3i,oq.ic and' thh ,r`o ti.onehip uotweon w n and n, but also i pramoto4,~the progress of Industrial and c4;rieulturvl pi-cc u.a .ica an wol3,.aw ther6evolo crt'~.; of the technicol; end oulturrl rc vo .ut ic-n to ,tha ties. 1iawovor?, tlio people' a can un is still t n ; t U_ng. requires a suries of clionge.&- n the oontxs , o" ivuduct#4 slid .thQ system of dietribut1glx*,Y -?~`~~ .* Also referring ~ to dovolopracsnts . z: { elnyong t$poci +i District on 21/8/58 repo d that *, few rs ys ct for tho;ebnt of the Yiiighciun? people's ' o pune?in Chuolas,tcon County, t ct; p p o atoll doop Wiefi~F t p i$o,, ploughing, on ovor i , .fit of dr; lc nd -Ta 4od . R tf, cotton and xst m. s~ ?" F 4 In the 8bnngyu.~' dA0 no, .n' 4)iT gy ' ear; up fl?00's itr, osntnbliaku "W a Cp 100844". i'h'; t;otnl produot1 ua ,cii ,?thOee ~ct,or s e in, odd it on:_ o. f.:g ?et'tl r r d' .W 1, 1A+ 2 canals 15 ILI: loam ett`t + - # cT t s? i At "1 university. ?. .;_k}.'? '?c ..SAS ' LPdf MR v*-:: t 'd .?i rye [ R 4 HOPE [ t..t . t.> { * , ., , Tar" tita in`' l-~tsh cot. In po oplo s C=J;Me, i +'ir L) l = t ~' sc A trdtt this couii-y 'tom grt a -, , nspi- a the =:W at 3uc1sm ,O ' tcwerds c:on uniim +I ?yy; t~ " - - in r~,JOJ y 4 the etto '? Yuan. ighhts ptricuitu:~-- *, ttl-.. -nrc h Ott the villc ;era etogoi ?o''s ooic l rt,~e;~ : -Lopplilasa oai'lO with h ". s.fto c.omnunoe dcvmLiDped throughout the p0wing contreep child :capra coa tmc, 1which had dovelopod ' Ov3.dly cvar5 c ofaponontt3 of the o sgw 3,110 cotnploto y"~y "Oo3. tiie aoaial ,rc lf* county hsvo boon libo.rtod from, hc; i i or t ho a,;riouiturej'.9 dt du tM.r jLDl 3r production, div1 ' or 14of r Lino (sic). i'rod of bOenwnt b,ttla opera tituis.'a "Ubmu%-.;bt?at tbLi : hour Prod uotivitYx# s boonn raLea pro e1"t' ..,. 1-aaalo _. o oxpend the r>~s .un~as in which $,n4hutrisl wotxN.. ?,I old iore etra . testy hs tto:a c rangy towns into ~ e r , r ha j. r full i 4?irBtion 'at politico) "kiic9 ;d iii production# ?a >A rc t. yin groat int. . L)w . rde co nu nti,'~n1,~ ". ~ ; D tag 1cf + r ' u t April Wl+*ht thy: ; inn` Over 1 producti, bri ho me r# e3" toCl ' "c i/ue`.ri ii c t UQ .. th. r endrI.r tc usiv? forttliaja 2i .,,a this yea -~` r- a .~ .. {{ry~~}}TTej? 011 tFt Cs ovoz' :'1tLr 1) not ups Mr ri j ui 1 c.; +';1.1 fltca Cis ?~.t :.: - ct ,io :: rI3 "? .Y'."~ ,,:r. !")o an set up, a slit"3 , r l.ibrcarlea sTkrr Vin., c .> . 1,108S hellos, on [3.Itagaulgo11 ``,`t " ! All moo now under' u .. prim iplo o Itlvitiee.th .cda ubsi.dirry ooou tj public hooltt- I. the c omi auuo vbigb brigode3 a develop o 'gen 4,{ gr4J c :: ? ,y thi c cai Wit' _i :.e t c: I y.t cg" ~ ? ,53. '~+# 00 -.uro Q00300003 0 Approved For Release 2001/11/16 CIA-RDP78-02771 R000300120030-0 Approved For Release 2001/11/16 CIA-RDP78-0277 JOB r, OVQJ Dt rorl oponing The publlo $e belles a V'*1IG , iaotitutcc s, cc r it rat z tb,a # ~r+ became ~ 4 r u b*oxa ropleoed Sureus 69, oa.l' in thR OiA boo 09W "A jr ion front t'#tieat 1;;m, H (n p t)o^ 3 14-`-*%m # :r5c:c uecut. Li i 'rY r 3 much :;bet%mz nod cxio dttwlM1 LLB'` 1 rulf:_1 tile, ~z r Lnt cr l rgt~ ~- tpeoI1o e a{ Oon t . -mjI hl ikt * *Ahol!'rrp irir ,y or. 15 aA r"OA" ' 20 1 LII'c a `i 1 1- p`.` ?rwr I coo is&1 p u1 t l on " 'ors in'. t 011 ~. t yr ii o ~ ~^i'` k{,.i .? t L. Mai a:j rr Xic al, C sy ? ',rj"~ a L+!'pr 4?{~".,;y+ Y Re t. y?i~(C c " ' i 3`,.'t r~~tiy7iF a }~.11t+`E3 ~ t3 C'~t 1tAyt7, x ~aFtg.1'iJ. T~4a 'Ti 1 LN ,j L'1 A ?,a ?N. u:.1b?s: 19tS'C?1,,,4h, eau coi,b n0 i"on of ; iv - Conci..cte'r...?rcc'~',ice; r,S,h i>3t ~ , ~: tro .Opp nt .Q ?oll z~ oop ~,37''~ 4.: MXi t G .1{n {.- ..{S e 'i+ Fr,sa/ ~ T'1, iyEt :3, t 4 (J l 7 ~r y t i~ qq i+ ' fwt1 ~' J ?,,. b? i3.S1of 4{ 'b l.Il t; ii ii1c. j 3tL~4,,1 C+Oi7t.':iuric tt, ~; ci .uc.y ih h ilj. #G T, 11 no t c ;~ vc~r : i 4 N, ..., - 4 n c ,2 o i r. Lt u .i. i E ~..1 a. . J 8Up';l.i.yg ' ;ta.`I':tici:t 4ha 'coi: ,uno systcn' ion ,eos17,n,i%Bn ,r; ..ky doy%., op ?`01"X 3tt t ~: ac+ ofs,"ltrm icti i of 11 oil ~ . ~. wra .;4es; yyynry q"!1' ~1 'd I"t?rtit CGr, r"' eve.L& i'4on-.0 of +~" Inc Aida" of, c Qr,4;:,41~ ~ n . cook, n,, ~ikf .. ~ }~C w'Q4+ for" iOfl 1CGc Q tt o ri{iJl:nt =IJ7 ~+:1s bri ry c or ,.tur ; no t : : ;.k. ~ ie.n i :4 s nd as,ubmlerF.,, .... ong r pori>iG ` :::J t -zi 3r. ~:r 11dr.:n ~ 4; b ene or FF'~~ & kf s .. 'mi ~~;' 3i t~~ ~.: ~e~t~~ " ~eJla?'Nf~1+~rt3 ` m?'~ ~ c.?. * re xoodod Or V :tdovoXp' ~` `~ t la r ~,. and rith~ ~. -;woe!. e3:e xt-tn+e 4pc z is Voriod thin Ova $-*a Chet e Oak . - oy, t: 41 ~4 o_ue , OOe1 O~t1 3At#` c e t . V. A `the . cent rel 4ov+or t, qNVhqs 'been 4'f,40io t~h end :cuteomos y in 1956, ility: and . wayr that r, . the' ont~i'ng ` diepo&"itV ivi n contrat9it ti.x8r s : Ft t11! 0,04'' t2~Q oI' Ql' ai~ld r' -q~ tolt ~. c~ne~.~Aorabl~~-n ,?~t~~~d2>ea#~~~4~fl~otii~a ?~ l? ~~~ has oaueod rural arses -' In Ahe rad.t a : l ' race t Hoare. the?`e~ar i e tee workers t. 9 k.etetteA3 sc30r C3 13 Q - - .4h lX 1! r~ o D#,it it N ?~~1 '! '.;end Lem- e lt.rv lveri tmass critic en?rit,nie,shou~.+d spin.t '~w'ha cq.^uaas P~~~!1!~,AR~+~f&AN' 00 ` io +~, + as hOW 0 rllrsnot n '7a of :. - "' a lots 4 ,tai" ~k . Z 1,ah: 4$t ` Or- iu 20+0 a ,~ of _ e _ it "W4 U -4 lt'3 ani4 =at to?1 till etl'r!~t,k;il.; tt *itc, lab o: 4 `Particular.~roe raperouseione p - the ' i -t r;ae t al Y? t t labour bur. our so =rc+r of the ,trim ' vinoe 4, peasontsg OPtage. 1Q 'be able tc h ~. a uge PIOUS. Approved For Release 2001/11/16 : CIA-RDP78-02771 R000300120030-0 f) Apart from the r'loae of indiv j, i V y end of normal temily life: ;. , the occ0ptod Bcnsc. th? overarm r-,' nbc .-.f r . 8r z l 1 LAM i ona ? !ot ,s mi] cr hand s* a-lttfr> : Y r `4 {i h e y . lqs?e'` h ;right .?ta oar .r?8 11~, of a vs pto e; plot, or s portion s ~ g en _oe 1-t..r+t tho romsitj ,j-,rat tret4on will t ok? tho. form"Of cash. It is i}poalflcvn ;wrtat that tho enrnmri"nas we-LAPre lovioe and c:,th ,r funds eta It A ii , the corm: uno. Also there iAa ar t I number' of fora. , "2mil ""go the: total for tex ther* >l "W deductions ntbetx~ of i,wmxcrs ~-ithi k to be grenta4 'a+%*114i ' ,? - - , 77 .... .,.~w~ud"tS ~~r= r...L Wpb DSCIC by t `aoo~,i~ua , ~F~ by i.t*ubS. lie y argane to form a bonus end V ~~ .' e .i 80F ; r :ha tuts, a - f r any Dortinl21+ r w.,.~., A.U n Vgp-t b4tdi.' met bC id Y nt , o~c- jrei -:vODewneO ism ?ttio wb n; .goat oux-vo on T,14 ,: A ,which it wil l ,Baas grain coup uijB to, its uibc.re thoea ~ Bt be. used a? V r uotiX 1 .t,t+om Pe~ ! t Qe the reot of the t6agrill SL ffor cc.uan r,hiy hPV rem eib lity,, ~,~?~,~~~,..~ ~ ~ f, proper sons,. of k Q 4, .on 1ti onB end;"~tipulntionr. Shoulid;~~li'-3~ Qr +pf "ft p~ D o ' az~ .ece~ . Q ~TF; J. on fulfllmotst, O!Fi'i`lvn b i d -TW {iii ~ligib I ty Cory rea+ai t d-ti~ Lev d8o,,reaa/~~ dcmotIon in %maw Wage iv)B'e ,lux-o'to butt . stand 'de r{:qu1ro h Y ! d 1 is punishes nblo by A 1 4 . . 1 1 film system of o aunee i+vproer ant f e a urthe Axwniota or tho Etta te control +chinory. It coneolidot { UtJ e ii,l : urtharr ` p4;'of the 8tLatc, and Party over ~ the individual; it :'cd4.Lcae is UVOK, of Eno ,among. 300,00 .1,'?* as l4 ? o the level What rtbaaravrr hr v* ?t via 'zen against those, of the adults of 8,000 houaoh 1da in the ~a~e~s 1 ne? "Bourgeois ind vridualism iie ti s,;rureer" o ' a'~ ~ovila .end ;the big en?ny of Communism Without doinE away with individua%i i, we cori not build up cormiunism'. 'In this ?to 4c-r+ on",, fat de by 'IJu" Nin de ~a to trio 8th E~xecutivo Comruit arc of the; . ii hii edoreti 'a "of lice the crux of the . n",nt Trae.d Unions, piraant d i - r ,vc tor r,;rde comtite~'