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• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-03061A000200080003-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 45
• Document Creation Date: November 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 2, 2000
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: June 29, 1964
• Content Type: BRIEF

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20 June 1964?
Priefly Toted
iaicoms Condemn Yugoslav "Capitalism"
A recent release by the llewwr China News Agency (I1 1A)
summarized a ed1 Flag article which charged that Yugoslavia's
economy has t? agene:catecl into a capitalist economy" and
assailed "a,hrt hchev and his follotvors for stubbornly
asserting" that the .'ugoslav econoziy is socialist. Red Flag
pros-,anted "facts" to prove that the relationship between
"the Tito group" and Yugoslav work-.1:?s 1 that of 'lei ploityr
and exploited - ruler and ruled." By endorsing Yugoslav
policies, aeci ?'lag statecd, the Coviet leaders are introducing
in the USEhrave danger of the restoration of capital-
ism.,'
Yugoslavia is still a Communist state, although the
Chinese are correct in saying that the Yugoslav economy has
shifted in a number of ways from Lewin-Stalin doctrine.
The Yugoslav economy has many unorthodoir feature;, such as
workers councils and open markets, and state controls are
more intslli ently used. The most significant feature is the
Yugoslav government's effort to let the l mar!:et -- not administra-
tive rulings alone -- play a role in deciding how resources
should be allocated. What the Chinese c1o not mention is that
Yugoslav economic well-being, both national and per capita,
has risen steadily and in direct proportion to the ree- me's
lessening of executive force as an instrument to shape the
economy.
Mlile the base from which the Yugoslav economy started
was low and percentage growth therefore high, the improvement
is nonetheless; noteirorthy. The Yugoslavs' 1963 "Social Plan"
called for an increase in the "Social Product" (equivalent
to Gross National Product) of 0.3% over 1962. The increase
achieved was 1n%. The 1963 living standard went up sharply
in such terms as Real Personal Income (up 7.6%a over 1062 in-
stead of the planned 4.5%) and Personal Consumption (up 7 -
over 1062 instead of the planned 4 The 1964 Social
elan calls for continuing increases in each of these categories
over the 1002 Plan, and there is every indication that the
goals will be met, as the Yugoslav Social Plans tend more and
more to be built un from below rather than dictated by executive
fiat from above.
To non--Communist audiences vie air this evidence of the
CC?0 doggedly demanding the imposition of economic authori-
taria.nisr, along with political dictatorship In other countries
in spite of the superiority demonstrated by even a part of the
free enterprise system, the free market, wherever the latter
has been allowed to coipete with doctrinaire Harxist economic
methods. s7e point out that this amounts to a clear ne ation
A r& d ft*qWWa3b 40t*fCd&RDB 06. A04R Q Ooai
interests of the masses.
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y Noted Cont.)
.
A Case of Co_:aaiunist '. erf i.dy.
Ieinz Brandt, editor of the ;'lest German raetal workers'
trade union paper, flew to 'last Berlin in June 1001 to cover
a congress for Lis passer but vanished. A weer; later the East
German news agency A.D1I announced that he had been arrested as
a Western agent. Following a secret trial by the East German
Supreme Court, a 13-year prison sentence was announced on May
10, 1062.
Brandt was a veteran Communist who spent 11 years in Nazi
concentration ca?.ips. After 1945, he worried in the CP propa-
ganda department In 3ast Berlin. He was purged for "deviat: on-
ism" in l?05t_. In 1953, the Brandt faxily, including three
Graz lam. children, fled to West Germany because of the impending
danger of arrest for political reasons. 11-:(is abduction from
lest Berlin in 1:61 set off a continuing chain of protests by
international organizations and leading 117ectern figures.
Brandt was released and permitted to return to West Germany
on 20 May 1^04. Shedding some light on the I'idnapping, he re-
ported that on 16 June 1951 he had a neeting with a West Berlin
woman who had been introduced to him earlier by Beyerlein, a
I'iest German petal wor.rers' union functionary. Shortly before
leaving the woman's hone, she offered Brandt a drink which con-
tained a drug. Brandt collapsed in the street but remembers
that 4 men carne up to hina, stating: "VIe have been waiting for
you." Brandt cape to in a building of the East German State
Security Service.
In a letter dated 14 May 1964, postmar1ed in Vienna on
13 nay, i.e. prior to any news about Brandt's in-pending release,
Beyerlein informed his i?nJ.on that lie was terminating his employ-
ment effective June 70 a.%,d would erpIti.u his action in "due
cour:3e." In the me^. tir~e, leg .l prf ~c ~ v~aag s have been instituted
agalast Beyerlein ico :~ all red 1.ssis t4-area in the kidnapping.
Beyerlein's rrhereaboats are unknown at this writing.
According to the union, Beyerlein became a Nazi ?arty
:aeanber in 1925, was throvn out of the ?arty in 1950 but sought
desperately to be re-admitted. Be ,.rtererd the Coraralunist -Party
in 1945 and remained a me:.gaber until 1955. Since September 1957
he had beer- in the employ of the metal workers' union in a train-
ing capacity, and had worked in another union since 1050. is
earlier Cyr membership was known to the metal workers'. union.
Brandt reported some details about his imprisonment and
trial.e had been assured his release if he were willing to
declare that he came to Nast Germany voluntarily, would induce
his family to follow hi i, and renounce publicly his political
activities in the West. Brandt had given Beyerlein so=jae docu-
ments for safe'.-.eeping before a vacation trip, the contents on
which were used a ainst him in the trial.
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(Briefly Noted Cont.) ~' dti 1 `k
The Brandt case c1e?,ionstrates again that a persistent,
unusual volute of protests -- in this case German and inter-
national, e.g. 1=, 110, ted Cross, many leading international
fi;ures, including; Bertrand 2ussell who returned the Fast German
VIPC affiliates' medal because of Brandt's imprisonment, etc. --
against Communist illegality and inhumanity can cause embarrass-
ment to Communist regimes and force painful decisions on them.
But the Brandt affair is also a vivid illustration of Communist
tactics of subversion and violence and should be used as a re-
ninder that peaceful co-existence policies notwithstanding,
Co.;nnunist goals and tactics do not change fundamentally.
lm artial Answer to Panama Charges. The International Co:uUssion
of Jurists' committee ? three -- from the Netherlands, Sweden
and India -- investigated charges by the National Bar Association
of ""?anama that the United States had violated the Human 'E-fights
Declaration in the rioting which was set off last January over
flying the Panamanian flag in the Canal Zone. The Jurists, an
unofficial organization of judges, lawyers and professors of lava
in most of the non-Communist countries (recognized by the United
Nations and with its seat in Geneva) absolved the United States
of any such violation and found the Government of ?anama negli-
gent in its handling of the riots which were inflamed and ex-
tended by organized Corasnunist activity.
The jurists noted that this was "one of the first occasions"
on which '.ey provisions of the Universal Declaration of Huiian
Eights were "invo7ed and construed authoritatively." They sug-
gested that this may be "a major contribution" to the evolution
of a workable international jurisprudence. Certainly it is a
precedent for future opportunities to make use of such an organi-
zation in peaceful, juridical solutions to similar emotional con-
flicts with potentially ugly international consequences.
The Commission of Jurists report, in ]nglish, French or in
Spanish, is attached herewith for those stations which vie believe
have facilities for using their. [If via have erroneously assumed
you do not wish a copy, via will supply you with one or more im-
mediately upon request -- in whichever of the three languages
you viish.] The report has been exceptionally well received as
an i apartial, objective Investigation and analysis. You may, use
this report as bacraground for feature articles and for briefing;
political and liaison contacts.
9_2.Maw 000 ( f 1 T FSot4
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Y une
DAT 3F RIPACAZNA IN'u'E 'R3ST
13 July Pope Pius "II excommunicates all defending Communist
anti-Christian doctrines; bars from sacraments those
reading CP doctrine. 1949.
17 July Second OAU Beads of State Meting, Cairo, 17-20 July.
19 July Laos becomes independent by treaty with France, 1949.
23 July Geneva Agreements guaranteeing Laos' independence and
neutrality. 1962.
27 July French Thermidor 170th anniversary. Robespierre over-
thrown, guillotined following day. 1794.
31 July 30,444 refugees register during July at West Berlin re-
ceiving center (highest total since March 1953). 1961.
31 July Agreement reached for Yederation of Malaysia. 1962.
August Symposium of "Peking Center" of World Federation of
Scientific Workers (WFSW) in Peking.
6 Aug 10th World Congress Against A and H Bombs, Tokyo.
Aug USSR declares war on Japan (breaking non-a' ession
pact 13 April 1941); occt pies Manchuria, S 1pthern
Sakhalin, 'uriles, and (10 August) North Korea. 1945.
13 Aug Third anniversary of The Wall, sealing East-West
Berlin border.
16 Aug Cyprus becomes fully independent (under agreement
signed 19 February 1959 ending 4-year conflict). 1960.
17 Aug Alliance for Progress Charter signed by US and 19 L.A.
countries (all except Cuba), Punta del Este. 1961.
September International Union of Students (IUS) Congress,
Nigeria, early September.
September World Youth Forum, Moscow, September.
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P CPAGAii lST' S GN 1D TO 101LI?1T 11 S T D tSS ITS MITS
#31 5-1-3 June 1964
Co_:uentary
Principal Develop;i.ents:
1. Soviet leaders and te:li.a continued to denounce the
Chinese anc push for an early international conference,
supported by the :?olish 'party Congress (June 111.-23) as Polish
boss Go~iu1_ra caste out st ?on ly for such a conference with
prope ^ pre1oar .tion but without alloying a fevi parties to delay
it unreel sonably. Y'Ioviever, the -1i3portant Rumanians, Yugoslavs
an' Italians refused to yield.
2. The 11umanian rebellion against Soviet domination led
to at least three pole: cal attac'-os on Soviet policies during
this ne ^io-' -- one broacast and two published. The broadcast
did not identify the Soviets; t?3e first article used the East
C ernans as tlhipping boys; but the mla,j or 12, 33 3-fiord article on
June 13 naiad Soviets in speci: is charges. (See Chrono,
June an continuing-.)
3. 'tigoslav ?resident Tito stooped in Leningrad on his
return fro:,i a state visit to 'Inland for a hurried conference
with l hzushchev on the Oth -- and then mat suedenly with
idttaa?a-i.Fn ?resident Cliaeorghiu-Dej on the 22nd. ?ublic co a-
municues after the first stressed the need for unity -- with
the Yuoos'?av version etiphasizin it ::.ore strongly than the
Soviet -- anc; after the seconf ::.estioned only cordial atmos-
phere and spirit of mutual trust. lovwever, reports frota the
N.S. i massy in Belgrade -- including that of a 2-hour con-
versation 'ay Lmbassa6or E1b~^ic' with Tito on the lCth --
indicate that the two Tito visits viere related and that the
latter vas intended to darn 'L,.::' anla against the dangers of go-
ino too far in its ant: Soviet polemics, Tito also reiterated
his opposition to an international conference to Aniloassador
lbrici.: and said flatly that t;iera t'ould be no such meeting
for the t i "l e being .
17ortlay of particular note anon;; the polaraics on the
Soviet side 3.s a 2, 000-vior1. article by a Costa ?lican Com,1u-
nist lea-. er (June issue of "?roblems of ?ease and Socialism
reprinted in l--vestlya on the h giving an inside account
of a :.eetinZ cf a number of Latin Arierican Communists with
i&ao 'u'se-tt.r a n 1050. Mao is depicted as an irreconcilable
brin':zs titan vino "li'.?es international tension, " scornful of the
efforts. of "our parties" to get China admitted, to the U.11.
5. "''e have seen no -direct Chinese attacks on the Soviets
since tine ilia;; 3 Governiient statement blasting Soviet Afro-
Asian pretensions, though they publicized some anti-revisionist
co ,e' 'F8 'I i~ag 2 /641 : t4,4-9$D -6t661A0 Ci'b%0bW '-0
~ I (I "T ~'~ x!17
(Couaentary Cont.)
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(Commentary Cont
the Chinese de;egate to the Co::aun st-organized Asian Economic
Seminar :"ycngyang warn-'_
the Asian and African countries
about whe "r?eat-power,, chauvinistic and national--egotist
manner" of tiro .aid programs of the "raofern revisionists." The
Chinese also responded to the Czech charge of distributing
letters nter'feri in C?3eh internal affairs, saying that the
letters were obvious forgeries and the Czechs, by their conduct,
have acted as colla?orators of the forgers.
? The l:;donesian C?3 see:ied to move farther into the
Chinese ca.+.p, judging by reports on speeches by Aidit and Njoto
and a joint cor=; uF ique . on unity of views with the New Zealand
Cp v,h ch has ben one of the most forthright 77 esying% supporters.
'the N~oto speech contains probably the strongest anti-Soviet
(though tyie Oov is are not named) attac -s yet heard from the
PKl, and Aidit charges the "modern revisionists" with splitting
activities in IAdgnosia, North Vietnam reiterated its anti-
revisionist li+~o, and the Albanians lashed out with anti-
J_ more
vitupe-eous, attA?CTas ozie of the i a massive ode to Ctalin com-
bined Frith a a nu: ciation of g=hrushchev, running to almost
30, 000 words
25X1a
Significa.n e;
This period has seen fzrther evidence of Soviet efforts to
Promote a world. Coaunist conference, with one concrete gain in
the tender o: strong support by ?oland's Gomnul'.a unanimously
confirmed in his leadership by his ?arty 's congress . EEoweve,
the "hard-core" and vitally important hold-outs -- the u;nanians,
Yugoslavs, and Italians -- seemed to grow evermore determined
in their resistance, and Tito stated flatly that such a con-
ference will not be held at this time. Obviously, prospects
for a conf ^rence have ;.roan no less confused.
On the other side, at least two important Asian parties
which had triad to maintain neutrality -- the Indonesians and
the North Vi etaa; iese -- seem to be closing rands more solidly
with the Chinese.
Treatuen t
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(Commentary Cont.)
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CI 0NOL0'GY -- COIMUNIST DISSENSIONS
#31
6-19 June 1964
Max (dela ed : The lead article of the Bulgarian Party's monthly
theoretical journal Novo Vreme, devoted to the unity of the WCM and the
Chinese CP., reveals se r 6u concern with the danger of Chinese influence
and propaganda, it states that Chinese propaganda material in tular an
is sent to Bulgaria' from the U.S.A.
2 (delayed.): No. 15 of the Amsterdam bi-weekly De B rug, organ
t of
t Dutch o ia'ist;Workers' Party (dissident Communist), carries a 3-
column article 4,n the nes 1y-appearing anonymous Dutch pro-Chinese dis-
sident Communist publication De 1 ode Vla$ `(see Chrono #28, April 20 for
first reports). De Bru.'describes the publications as "a sloppily
stenciled sheet" which is "published by representatives of Chinese Com-
munist views in the CPN.' It admits the possibility that De Roue Pleag
could be published by the Binnenlandse"Veiligheidsdienst (Internal
Security Service) to increase confusion in the C'N, but "as long as
there is no proof, we hold to the opinion that it is the Chinese."
June ,5 and continun : A series of further "independence" moves by the
Rumanians inc.la e: 1) a June 5 article in the leading Rumanian economic
journal Viata Economica by Chief Editor Murgescu attacking a "recent"
article by East derman economist'Willl Kunx under auspices GDR Academy
of Sciences on Bas,ic Problems of International Economic Collaboration
between CEMA Membexs," reiterating the familiar Rumanian arguments a-
gainst economic superstates; (2) a Radio Bucharest domestic broadcast on
the 5th which c~~rectly rebutted and denounced a May 30'Radio Moscow Ru-
manian-language' broadcast entitled "Let Us Strengthen the Socialist Com-
munity" -- although RM was identified only as "a foreign radio station";
(3) a major attack (12,000 words) in the June 13 issue of Viata'Economica
against Soviet economists (identified by name) for proposing to establish
Lower Dantube,"ipte~stete'economic complexes" which would mean "violation
of the territorial integrity of Rmania, dismemberment of its unity as
a nation and state' (the Soviet article referred to is published along-
side this rebuttal -- Chinese style); and Rumanian press announcement
on the 18th of a June 16, amnesty for 2,500 political prisoners,' with addi-
tional a=estie, i preparation so that by August 23 (date set for cele-
)
oration 20th anniversaryy,of Rumania s liberation from Fascist occupation)
"there will be practically no more political prisoners in Rumania."
June 6 and con, n : Soviet media continue to publicize endorsements
of the CPSU os ,ion and call for world conference though not adding any
new names to there listed. by the' June {o ist and Problems of Peace and
Socialism (Chrono #30, June 3 & 4).
,June 6 (& 14): At the conclusion of a 4-day visit to Indonesia by New
Zealand en$ecY Wilcox (see also Chrono #30, June 4), PKI Chairman
ed a joint comzmxni ue affirming Similar views on
~
gn'
Aiditacs41Icocs
p
all 1nternmtioal ue8tions discussed' including the Problems that have
arieen recently, in the ISM." They "reaffirm their united opinion" that
modern revision ,Ism is the main danger in the ICM, and "it is therefore
obligatory for every M-L'party continuously to intensify the struggle
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to expose modern revisionism...." They are of the opinion that "it is
necessary for the CPSU and the CCP to resume negotiations .... preceded
by adequate preparations and held at a time convenient to both....It is
also the joint opinion'of the two parties that bilateral talks on an
equal basis should be held between the CPSU and the Albanian Workers
Party. The two parties agree that an international meeting... should be
held after proper preparations.... It is impermissible for this meeting
to be forcibly or hastily convened...." Peking Peo les' Dail publishes
full text -- and other Chinese papers excerpts -- on the 14th.
June 8: No. 11 of the Chinese CP theoretical journal Red Fla features
major article "Yugoslav Agriculture Is Going Down the Road of Capitalism"
by Shih Tung-hsiang, following another article by the same writer in the
previous issue on "the degenerate state of the Yugoslav economy." The
Chinese Peoples Association'for Cultural. Relations with Foreign Countries
issues a statement denouncing the unwarranted attack" and 'fantastic
calumnies" hurled at the'CCP and the Chinese Government by an article in
the Czech Party daily Rude travo of`24 May and a speech by Czech First
Secretary ~Novo,~tn on 2 May. The Czechs "slandered China as having 'dis-
-txibuted slanderous and provocative letters to incite opposition to the
leadership of other'Communist parties,'"' etc. (See Chrono, May 25).
But, Peking says, "the two letters are forgeries, pure and simple.
They are so crudely forged 717 the holes in them are so glaring that the
forgery can be detected at a glance%" The statement describes clues which
demonstrate the forgeries, and adds that "if Rude 'ravo and the Czechoslovak
leader had the least Vol'itical seriousness, the matter could have been
easily clarified,"}__ also 'that the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs
had so 7 on eiaMaa 1964, when the Czech Ambassador to China made a
r groundless charlodged a protest against China in connection with
the first forged letter." By their actions, concludes the statement, the
Czechs "have placed thernseJves in the position of collaborators of those
who forged the letters.",
Yugoslav Pres1ident Tito, returning from a state visit to Finland,
stopped a day in Benin rac for "a friendly, unofficial visit at the invi-
tation" of Khrushche~~ v. he communique published in Pravda on the 9th
days that they 'discussed -rop c problems of the international Communist
and y e B the importance L cohesion of all
the progressivefbrce,s strug ling'or pea e, democracy, y, and socialism,
they errtphasized the necessit for each Communist and workers party to
make its contribution ttoowaarrd overcoming the difficulties which have e-
merged in the WCM and to achieve tfie unity and cohesion...." NY Times
correspondent Binder 'repor s from Belgrade that the Serbian version of the
cominunic,ue uses the words "imperative need" in place of "necessity" and
added "monolithic" before "unity," but there has been no comment on
the difference. A Pravda ec?itorial on the 18th emphasizes that the identi-
ty of views has beenco firmed by Yugoslav press comment on the meeting.
June The Rumanian delegation to Moscow headed by Chivu Stoics (see also
Chrono, May 2 returned home after talks with Mikoyan, Podgorny and
Andropov. "During the talk which passed in a spirit of friendship and
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h Gant )
(~ 3] Crono ogy
mutual understanding an exchange of opinion on questions of interest to
both parri-es took place." (Tags)
Junes-10 and 11-12: The Indonesian' Party daily Harian Rakjat carries in
two installments on 9-10 a major speech by Second Vice Chairman Njoto at
the Aliarcham Political Academy on 3 June on the subject: "To Strive for
the Victory of thelndonesian Revolution With the Weapon of Dialectical and
Historical Materialism." He denounces the pragmatism of the modern re-.
visionists who "have gone so far as to abolish the revolutionary spirit of
Marxist theory and even cast away Marxiot theory itself....From here we can
.oily see through the hypocritical faces of the renegades of Ma=im The revisionists 'are pe ?6,ntic and very arogant. They re-
gard themsel.ves``as great theoreticians; take themselves as cor-
rect, look down'upbn the opinions of others, and are afraid of
being criticized. They lose their temper very easily. They
look at the`k=orld from an ivory tower -- perhaps the ivory
tower of the'" workers ino-~tement 1.... In their opinion, the area
of Asia, Africa and Latin America is a "bac urard area" without
any contribution to :rbrld civilization. ...They do not educate
the masses"to have self-confidence; what they are doing is
teaching people`to depend on`others. ...In the face of "the weak"
they put on airs, like wolves before the sheep; but in the face
of the imperialists 'they act like sheep before the \rolves.
Starting from their philosophy of pragmatism, their measure
of what is right and.'wrong is whether it is useful for them or
not.... a 9,
We may use the works of Marx, 'Engels, Lenin, Stalin,
Mao Tse-tung,' and'Aidit, in the Indoneeian version .... The well-
known writerAnna'Louise Strong, to whom Bung Karno has paid
high tribute, told me last year that according to her view
there are stt`present in the world three revolutionary leaders
whose languageis;the language: of the people: they are Mao
Tse-tung, dastro, and Aidit.
On 11-12 Harian to,~'at prints,ags.iri in two installments, a detailed sum-
mary of a long sh by Chairman. Aidit at a reception in Surabaya on 23
May in celebratidr of the Party's 4th anniversary. He is quoted as saying:
It is not only necessary for us to carry on the ideological.
struggle (to defend t-L and'oppose modern revisionism) inter-
nationall r but also'to do the same within our country. This
is becausC df late the-modern revisionists have been very
active in s littin 'the Inclneaian workin class movement.
They are fostering d.egenera e elements and elements which have
bccn bought off.
, ~ olyanov ttSstxlls the Peldng
June 10: An l:zvest a ext .cic b r % .kolay P
5ad;; Ls nor "In the so i. coy ipanyr with the' 'wild men , ' the reactionaries
and hidebound colonisl.ists." An editorial in Czech Pax ty daily Rude, PravQ
attacks the; CCP alon the s=e lin\.s.
Jun L1: The Albanian `Part;; dally Zeri I Popullit features a 2,600-word
e torial: "Khrus. c hev's Revisionis s the Isolation of the Afro-
Asian Peoples."
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June 12: In a long speech before`6,oo0 at a Soviet-German friendship
meeting in connection with Ulbriclit's visit, Girushchev' lashed out re-
peatedly at the adventurist policies of the Chinese. Tass
that "a Soviet barlianentary delegation headed by Anastas Mikoyan will
visit Indonesia In the second half` of this month," reciprocating an
I .donesian v sit to the USSR' last`Septeinber.
{
article: {~~eri I Popullit features a`massive (almost 30,000 words)
The Albanian~
- . of the Nikita Khrushchev Group in
Connection wTheithhe So -Dan BrousManeuvers fe Against the Personality Cult Must
camieI'Strut,a
Be Unmasked to the Very inde~' n ob~ter a brief introduction saying "...we
aim to discover Ahe...' jectives ...(of) the treacherous Khrushchev
roun...(in their) so-called struggle against the personality cult ell
at Sta:
persoi
.
And if his actions as a leader showed -- as the revisionists
s cult, great pact of
sgn p rson itf the
, the al a
pretend `s of e '
o ann,who Isnetir of it but did not criticize it; on
OZT he cowry, they sang hymns of praise to Stalin, calling
t
him "The father, the wise master", the genial leader of the
party, the Soviet people, 'and the workers of the entire
thejdenia~. a cliite'ct~~eti' .,k yd Mian genius of socialism,
described him as "the
coryphee of "science, the genius" of humanity." Thus spoke
ihrushanfens when Stalin was alive, which
chev and his compay
goes to show tt h ~ they w6re hyp6cri:tes and secret traitors...."
The noise about the ':personality cult" serves as a
smokescreen,, justifying, rhask1ng, and spreading in the
, pp~ st and treasonable line of
1CM the anti-Marxist o 6rtuni
the group....
Sec*nd, in order to silence the M-L parties which de-
fend. J.V'.S a3J.n''6 revolutionary work and oppose the...
treasona$le activities of-N'.' F rushchev and his fol-
lowers, in order -Lo discredit these parties and smooth
the obst..cles on the revisionist path, Khrushchev puts for-
ward the..'persona ity cult" like a black sheep....
on is h acted: The Aim of the Revisionists Is
A short second secti
To Liquidate the bictatorship of the Proletariat." Then follows a meaty
section headed "The' Accusations of N. Khrushchev Concerning the Alleged
'Crimes' of Stalin. ve zse to Legitimate-Doubts -- They Are False,"
'The hypocritical and perfidious face of Khrushchev
is also Jclearly shown in'another affair. The decision
f ti-le Y 3 plenum relating to the Beriya affair
notes that "recently, the cr naal Tans of B-=riya were
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discovered to sct ur), through his clique, personal '1jks with Tito
arld Rankovic in Yugosl ia." This at the time cons ' ute -one of
the most psrous accusations against Beriya. But what should one
call the present fact that_N. "KYrushchev has not oriiy' established
"personal linksf' with Tito and Rankovic, but that he has also
ss6ciated.4h,mself"with them.... leriya had only made plans, but
I irushchev has ful1ill.ed tiese plans.
The next secs iqqn is ieac'1ed: "Under the Pretext of the 'Struggle
Against the Personality Cult1 the'Revisionist Have Opened the Doors for
the Penetrat on, die $o geois deology. Here among other charges,
the Al anians coz~pla.in that ;'They have forgotten revolutionary tradi-
tions, the historic ' optim .sm of Soviet `Literature, and have started .
printing in great editions of 5O,t)O6to 106,000 copies decadent works,
slanderous and degrading vrorks such as - the ` novel 'One Day in the Life of
Ivan Denisovioh, which in essence denies the Soviet regime itself."
The next section, "The AntiAStalinist Course of the Khrushchevite
Revisio.ists an4,tho Course of ( italist Degeneration of the Socialist
27. blasts Khrushchev's clms of achievement, pointing out that
.
the`OUtloxs, tor, recce Soviet sc.et.'c and technical feats trere
J k: The C h' Cs~mmr4list youth daily Ml~ Front a condemns th.,~plitting
c*c:~7lties of t ers oi` CPR ou-cn-organizations. "It is the fault
of the Chinese yout leaders that c t cts have racticall ceased be-
tween the Chinese Youth League and the zec os ovals Youth eague and
youth organizations of the other socialist'countries."
Under the egd z "The Pilrimape of a Renegade," Izvesti complains
about the hijh-leve Chinese attention (received by Mao to "the leader
of the Belgian s~littersa Gr"i' a,I' who wasy "exposed and thrown out in
disgrace from the 'Belgian communist ?arty-" Grippa's visit is fresh con-
firmation of t1 fact, Tzz?mt.ya stresses,` that "the Chinese leaders are
cont,ri4hg to make use of people who have succumbed to bribery in their
struggle against the u
June 1520: The Sin.o-Soviet conflict loomed large at the Fourth Congress
of the PoL h ~tea oric s (Communist) Party, beginning with the en- expecte y strop remariis by First Secretary Gomulka in his 6-hour
r opening speech._% sarply, deno R unced the Chinese, who, in pursuit of
their great-power ambitions, have indulged in policies that have
nothing activit tofdthe bhinesee pl~artlerovesntIat nte`rnationalism." "The whole
fi it o ened the controvers
not in order to ,Fet at the truth `but in or er to cause a re . The
main reason 'or kits insane attaciss" on the' CPS was oscow s re:'usal to
help Peking produce nuclear weapons, he charged.
Gomulka said that t1- e callir%g of a world conference should not de-
pend "solely on the arbitrary will of the Chinese, but pre arations should
-le
begin when the majority of parties are' read ." "The refusal of a sing
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party or of several parties cannot be considered an insurmountable
obstacle to the cox}venin~ of such a conference," he said,, although
he also added that "parties representing the most important. regions of
the world" should participate. The printed text distributed in advance
contained,a,muu stroiger statement - "Parties which dognot take part
in a conference 11 this pre ared wi11 prove that they have placed themselves
outside the internati9n4 npvemept? -- which Gomulka dropped before delivery.
Observers attributed the Go ul:ca shift to the Chinese-supported
violation of t ,p ,cq
asg-fire in Leo where Poland is a member of the
ICC, and io the activities of pro-Chinese elements in Poland as described 11 subsequently by Polish speakersTitkow and Kliszko.
Soviet chief delegate Podgornyr denounced Chinese splitting activities,
said preparations for a world conference should start as soon as possible
and hailed Gomu kaes ,ss?rafnoe that, h ,p ,.party would take part. The
Bulgarian, Czech, East German and Hungarian delegates all called for a
conference now, while the Rumanian, Yugoslav and Italian delegates failed
to p mention it. No
Chine e-
~ -i ed or any other Asian, African or Latin
American artie, were invited. Gomulka was "unanimously" reelected and
some of the "liberals" o the CC were dropped.
June 16: NCNA distributed excerpts published in the April issue of the
wont y en Huan.(Propaganda and Training from a lecture by Hoang Tung,
accuses Nor h Vi. t amese dp.ily Nhan Dan to a meeting of cadres.
Chief TE ung
Hoang g cuses the modern revisionists of "echoing the fallacies ad-
vanced by the revisionists and fright opportunists of the Second Inter-
national," fallacies which "had been exploded by Stalin... in his re-
h.owned writings collected under the title Problems of Leninism." Among
11 1
his eonclus pxxst "Re
oloi~pn su ceede .first in. cne weakest spot of the
capitalist world after another, ~Ln countries where capitalism developed
sluggishly or in backward agricultural countries. It cannot as yet suc-
ceed in a.deve .Q ed ceitalist country. The large expanse of Asia, Africa,
and Latin Alper-c .,a pr.,esents ,. ,.ca, p italismts) soft underbelly, and its
re
most vulnersb3.e sot ' .,where all Finds of contradictions are concentrated..."
Hanoi Radio broadcasts a, review pf an pd4.torial from the June issue of
the Party's monthly theoretical 0ournal Hoe Tap` "it is necessary to
defeat thoroughly modern revisionism, the main danger to the ICM and the
source of the present.iyision aid partisanship." Chinese press publishes
extensive e#cer''ts on 21st.
June 18: zvest .ya publishes from the June issue of Problems of Peace
a ci iszY a ,a'tie.e by Eduardo Mora Valverde, a lea ME mom er of the
Costa Rican .epple s Vanguard Party, describing a meeting of a number
of Latin American Coimi Host legs with Mao-Tse-tuns on 3 March 1959.
Mao said at the beinnin~: "we want no reconciliation with the U.S. The
U.S. must obey us. Otherwise we do not
Mora as~s; goes the establishment want to enter into negotiations
with it...." of diplomatic relations
among countries with different social systems mean 'reconciliation?' Or
maybe the Chinese Government est .b]ished diplomatic relations with France
because they decided to reconcile' with French imperialism." Mora stresses
that the Chinese leaders,have "xggarded with contempt'' the 'efforts of
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and "it should be pointed out that the attitude of the Chinese leaders
to the U.N. has not changed in the five years since that conversation.
Mora quotes Mao as saying: "We have learned much (the policy of
brinksmanship) from Foster Dulles .... As for me, I like international ten-
sion."
ADDENDUM
June 20: Speaking at a Coiinmrnist-organized "Second Asian Economic Seminar"
in Pyongyang, North Korea, Chinese delegatinn chief Nan Han-then warned
the Afro-Asian nations represented against the "great-power, chauvinistic
and national-egotist manner" in which the "modern revisionists" are
extending economic aid. (Further analysis in next installment.)
June 22: Yugoslav President Tito met Rumanian President Gheorghiu-Dej
in a suddenly arranged conference in the Rumanian village of Piscia near
the Yugoslav border. The brief communique said that "Problems of mutual
interest in the field of bilateral relations as well as of the inter-
national workers movement and the current international situation were
discussed," and stressed that the talks took place "in a comradely and
cordial atmosphere and in the spirit of full mutual trust."
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, une
793. 3 Seote,ibar : 2 th Anniversary of the Outbreak of World
17 ar I
25X1ClOb
BACKGROUND: The year 1964 has been marked by an unusual
number of new memoirs, new commemorations and new controversies
concerning World War II. This rehashing of history affords Com-
munist propagandists handy opportunities during the quarter-
century anniversary to clean up Moscow's soiled image in the
eyes of new generations and less sophisticated individuals.
Scholarly attempts by historians to identify the single
or primary "cause" for the outbreak of war 1939 thus
far not been successful. Hitler is generr.?-'. Q} < i- i~ti i:h lion's
share of blame, though the objective consent s is that EEitler's
aims were greatly supported by Stalin as well as by Western
myopia and diplomatic errors. A prime factor that is too often
ignored or glossed over is that Hitler and his Third Reich could
not have come to power in any case without the support of the
German Communist Party, acting under rec ons from Moscow.
Altho-Ugh causes leading to can be trace act along
numberless lines, it is unnecessary to look further than the
events of the year 1939 itself to demolish the Kremlin's claims
to anti-Fascism, "love of peace" or international good faith.
The relatively peaceful period of the winter of 1933-9
which the apparent success of Munich had bestowed on the nations
of Europe was shattered by Hitler's brutal takeover of dis-
nembered Czechoslovakia in March, 1939. Everything thereafter
in international relations in Europe flowed directly or indi-
rectly from this grave violation of the pledged word by the
German dictator. With the Nazi occupation of Prague it had be-
come quite clear that Eitler was not concerned with the revision
of the Versailles Treaty nor with the principle of national self-
determination, but simply with naked conquest.
The destruction of Czeclioslovaltia revealed the Nazi's true
intentions and led to British guarantees to Poland and other
States in East Europe. By the summer of 1939 all the great pow-
ers in Europe had entered into firm political and military en-
gageT:ients with one exception - the Soviet Union. Both sides
then attempted to obtain the support of the Soviet Union, the
one Power which still enjoyed a certain freedom of movement and
decision. The diplomatic struggle for Soviet support took place
wide range of documentation supports this point. Four books
that bear it out are: Soviet Espionage, Dallin; Russia and
the West Under Lenin an Stalin, ennan; A Century of "on, ict,
:_ ossony; and e _ o cs o otalitarian sm, o n A. Arms rong
,
:random House, !951
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on two fronts: the one more or less public; the other quite
secret. On the visible front, the Western Powers sought to
bring the Soviet Union into a defensive system to prevent fur-
ther aggression by IUi.tler. The possibility of the two ideo-
logically hostile totalitarian States coming together on ques-
tions pertaining to the Eastern European States was considered
out of the question by the Vest. The German efforts to secure
Soviet support took place on the secret front, though they are
now known to a very large extent from the published archives*
of the German Foreign Office. These efforts centered on the
fact that Poland was the next victim on Hitler's schedule of
conquest, and he desired to forestall interference by the Soviet
Union, or even to induce it to join in the attack on Noland.
T7hether the actual moving force behind the Ger-pan-Soviet
pact of 1333 was primarily Nazi or Soviet will probably never
be known fog certain in the absence of f i. rs -- t ~~ nd e ~'ideY~ ce as
to the secret intentions of Soviet forei~,n 'k:::.icy at ti- tim3.
At the end of July, however, the Germans con-Li.-anted the Soviets
with a clear alternative: what could Britain offer the Soviet
Union, afid what could Germany? Britain could at best offer
participation in a iuropean war and the enmity of Germany,whi h
could. scarcely be worth-while goals for Eussia. Germany, on
the other hand, could offer "neutrality and the hope of staying
out of a possible European coif list, and, if Moscow wished, a
German-Pussian understanding on matters of mutual interest which
would be to the advantage of both countries as in earlier times."**
The secret agreement according to which the whole political
system of Eastern and Central Europe sang to be divided between
Germany and the Soviet Union was beginning to take shape.
Amongst other factors which had long affected Nazi actions
was the desire to avoid a war on two fronts. Their scheme had
been to destroy or neutralize all potential enemies on Germany's
eastern border before opening an attack on the West. Faced with
Japan's aggressive attitude and the undeclared Soviet-Japanese
17ar, Moscow had similar causes for apprehension. Thus the two
mowers ended by helping each other out of the snares they had
laic? or were on the point of laying for each other.
Stalin's Foreign Minister Molotov signed the German-Soviet
treaty of non-aggression with Hitler's Foreign Minister nib-
bentrop on 23 August. He also signed the secret appendix which
divided the spheres of interest of Ritler's Germany and Stalin's
US U in Eastern and Central Europe. 17estern statesmen did not,
at least openly, challenge the Soviet contention that the pact
was for "peaceful" purposes or point out its political and legal
meaning -- i.e. that each side was thereby free to concentrate
a ression against third nations.
Nazi- ovie Relations , 39-1841, (Documents from the Archives
of the German Foreign Office), Dept, of State Publication 3023,
111:.
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2 (798 Cont.)
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Comnunfi.sts e