USSR ELECTRONIC AND PRECISION EQUIPMENT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-03107A000100020007-2
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 52
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 26, 1999
• Sequence Number: 7
• Publication Date: March 20, 1959
• Content Type: REPORT

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FAD
FILE
COPY
USSR.
ELECTRONIC AND PRECISION
EQUIPMENT
Number 7 20 March 1959
DOC --L-- REV OAT, O Z o ~`~ BY d 6~4 3 -
OHIO COMP AA~~ OPI TYPE sad
ORtG C:.ASS LPAGES I1 V CLASS L
JUST NEXT REV AUTHh HR 70.2
Prepared by
Foreign Documents Division
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
2430 E. St., N. W., Washington 25, D.C.
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PLEASE NOTE
This report presents unevaluated information selected from
Russian language publications as indicated. It is produced and
disseminated as an aid to United States Government research.
USSR ELECTRONIC AND PRECISION EQUIPMENT
Table of Contents
I. Items of Special Interest
A. New Uses of Television
B. Solar Batteries
C. Ion-Exchange Desalination Unit
D. Microwire and Microresistors
E. Semiconductor Photoresistors
F. Plants
G. Personalities
II. Shortages and Deficiencies
A. Radio Products
B. Photographic Supplies
III. Local Production and Organization
A. Leningrad
B. Novosibirsk
C. Moskovskaya Obi"-;t
D. Ukrainian 33R
E. Transcaucasus Republics
F. Baltic Republics
IV. Tubes and Semiconductors
A. Television Picture Tubes
B. Cold-Cathode Ga:,-?D1.r;charge Tubes
C. c c;T! iCOndUCtor
D. Svetlana Plant
Pa e
1G
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Page
20
A.
General Information
20
B.
Manufacturing Methods
20
C.
Prices
22
D.
Radios
23
E.
Television Equipment
21.
VI.
Computers
26
VII.
Instruments
29
A.
Industrial Instrumentation
29
B.
Telemechanical Equipment
32
C.
Geophysical Apparatus
33
D.
Electrical Instruments
34+
E.
Test Equipment
36
F.
Plant Information
38
VIII.
Precision Equipment
39
A.
Optical Equipment
39
B.
Timepieces
42
C.
Firearms
43
44
A.
Motors
44
B.
Fixtures
45
C.
Cable
4+6
D.
Batteries
47
E.
Other Products
i8
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1. ITEMS OF SPECIAL INTEREST
A. New Uses of Television
A television camera for observing the vacuum casting of steel has
recently been developed in the USSR. The camera is kept cool by being
placed in a water-cooled cylindrical jacket. This installation can be
used in the immediate vicinity of the molds in the vacuum chamber, thus
permitting a broad field of view.
Industrial television (PTU) is being used extensively in the atomic
industry, where remote control and observation are essential because of
the dangers of radiation.
Television will probably be used to control from earth the unmanned
cosmic rockets sent to the moon and other planets. The television camera
will permit observation of the instruments in the rockets by which they
are controlled. Evaluation of data thus transmitted will permit sending
the proper signals to correct the rockets' flight. A television camera
aboard a rocket would also permit us to see the far side of the moon.
-- Yu. Volkov, Engineer (Moscow, Promyshlenno-.EkonomicheskayA Gazeta,
14 Sep 58)
Various types of solar batteries are already being used in the USSR.
Among these is a solar battery made of 19 hexagonal elements. On a bright
summer day., this battery produces a voltage of 7 volts and a current of 40
milliamperes. This battery is not only sufficient to supply a radio re--
ceiver such as the Kristall or Festival' during the daytime, but can
simultaneously charge a storage battery for supplying the radio at night.
During 2-3 hours of daytime operation, the battery stores enough power for
an hour's operation at night.
The operation of solar batteries on Sputnik III shows that they have
proved themselves for operation in space.
So far, the wide application of solar batteries in the national econ-
omy is hin de:7,ed by '-heir high cost. The price of monocrystal silicon,
the basic material, is governed by the amount produced and used. If the
production of solar batteries could be increased sharply, the price could
be lowered substantially. This means, also that solar batteries should
be used in those branches of the national economy where they could be
utilized most profitably. -- N. Lidorenko, Candidate of Technical Sciences,
and A. Landsman, Engineer (Moscow, Promyshlen,coo-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta,
19 Sep 58.
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C. Ion-Exchange Desalination Unit
A scientific research institute of the State Committee for Radio-
electronics of the Council of Ministers USSR has developed the IGOM-50
small ion-exchange installation for thorough desalination.
The unit is made of vinyl plastic and is mounted in a metal case. It
consists of six filter columns (three cation and three anion); operating
according to a predetermined sequence. The columns are put into operation
with squeeze-cocks controlled by only two centralized pneumatic taps, which
replace 36 valves. The installation removes salt from 50 liters of water
per hour.
The IGOM-50 differs from other ion-exchange installations in that it
is small in size. It is 850 mm long, 850 mm wide, and 2,800 mm high.
The solution of problems in designing that made it possible to develop
such a small mechanized installation is truly an innovation. Without a
doubt it will be used for the creation of installations of higher pro-
ductivity. -- R. Rubinshteyn, Candidate of Chemical Sciences; V. Sanderov,
Leading Engineer (Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 17 Aug 58)
D. Microwire and Microresistors
A plant for the production of microwire and microresistors is being
organized in Kishinev. This is one of the six electrical engineering
enterprises being organized in the Moldavian SSR. Installation of the
main equipment for high-frequency generators is under way at the plant.
Ordinarily, wire is made by drawing through progressively smaller
dies, but this is an expensive method. Microwire will be poured out of
metal in the new enterprise. The metal will be enclosed in a thin glass
tube and will be subjected to high-frequency current. The metal and
glass will melt. The lower part of the drop of metal which forms at the
end of the tube becomes attached to a spool. The spool whirls and winds
up wire filament which has become solidified. The thickness of the wire
depends on the spool speed. While it is being poured, the wire is covered
by an extra-thin jacket of glass from the melting tube, which serves as a
reliable insulation.
This method of manufacturing microwire was developed recently at the
All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Electrical Instruments. The
Kishinev plant is the first enterprise that will use this method for the
large-scale production of wire. It will supply wire from 2 to 10 microns
thick to the radio and instrument making industries. It will be possible
to produce a,filament over 1,000 km long from a kilogram of manganite, an
alloy of copper, manganese, and magnesium.
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Plant workers have recently returned from Leningrad., where they were
in training at the Sevkabel' Plant and at an institute. (Kishinev,, Sovet-
skaya Moldaviya, 6 Sep 58)
E. Semiconductor Photoresistors
The recently organized Tallin Semiconductor Plant (zavod poluprovod-
nikovykh priborov) has produced its first products: semiconductor photo-
resistors,, which are small tablets of cadmium sulfide. The photoresistors
are used in much. the same way as photoelectric cells.
Virve Sepp,, chief engineer of the new plant,, says that its buildings
are kept in absolute cleanliness. No products can be touched by hand; many
opeiatiozas are done by microscope.
The plant is series-producing photoresisto?s,, which are processed by
thermal and chemical methods and then made to adhere to a small glass plate.
These semiconductors will take the place of bulky complex instruments i
automatic and telemecha:aical systems.
Chemists Eves'Yumarki and Eyno Linzi,, who recently graduated from the
Tallin Polytechnic Institute and the Tartu University,, are developing manu.-
facturiug methods for a new semiconductor,, a Varistora which will look
like a button. This "button" will be widely applied in telephony,, tel.,
mechanics., automatics,, and lightning protective installations.
Every day,, the plant increases its output and variety of products.
(Moscow,, Ogonek,, No 2,, Jan 59, p 29)
F. Plants
A machine building plant (mailing address: Box No 686, Leningrad,
K-9) is taking orders for the manufacture and supply of type UZ,D-7N ultra-
sonic flaw detectuvs.
The type UZD-tT flaw detector has operating frequencies of .1.8 and
2.5 me and is designed for detecting various defects in metal products.,
for determining the dej+th of such defer ts., and for checking welding seams.
The UZD-` N can also be used as an ultrasonic thickness gauge for
metal products where there is access to only one side.
The instrument is portable,, is supplied byi10??i27-220 AC., measures
220 x 300 x 425 mm., and weighs 16 kg. -- Advertisement (Moscow., Svarochnoye
Proizvodstvo., Jan 59a back cover)
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According to V. Blokh, director of the Moscow Illumination Engineering
Products Plant, representatives of more than 350 factories, plants, edu-
cational institutions, scientific research in-,titutes, soviet institutions,
and party and soviet organizations have visited his plant since it converted
it.,,-- production to a shopless system:
Workers of this plant are representated by the Trade Union of Machine
Building, Wor piers . (I soscow, Iioskovskaya Pravda, i). Aug 58)
[Comment: As in all articles concerning the above plant, no mention
i-: made of its operations or production structure.]
After the Illumination Engineering Products Plant went on the shopless
systeru of operation, it was able to master the production of 77 new types
of products in 1956 and P.---t t of 1957.
This plant has a mi_,.ed roducts-list, with a predominance of medium-
serie:-produced articles. It produces a total of up to 900,000 products
of 116 typ?- de ~i ;nations per year. The average nuunber of parts on each
product variaa from 90 to 100, but there are some products con, is tirg, of
800-900 or more parts. The plant makes its own industrial accessories,
ouch dies, press molds, and attachments. (Vladimir Geor;iycvich Blokh,
Opyt pc:restroyki upravleniya zavodorn (Experience in Reorganizing Plant
.r:a eL~c nt), Lc ningrad, State rill -Union Publishing IIou:,c of the hipUUilding
Industry, 1.953) pp 9, 23, 68)
68 )-page This is a eo-page book on the same plant, which also giver
no hint as to the nature of it: production or specific operations.]
The Leningrad Lengazapparat Plant No IF produces a four-burner gran
stove every 2 :minutes.. (Leningradskaya Pravda, 7 Au 58)
[Comment: This plant was formerly under the Ministry of Instrurrcnt
Building and Automation Equipment USSR. The nature of its products had
not prcviourly been noted in Soviet published source,.]
The Tallin Mercury Rectifier Plant (Tallinskiy zavod rtutnykh vypr-
yamiteley) imeni N. I. Kalinin needs various workers for permanent em-
ployment.
Application:; should be made at the personnel office on ulit:,a Tell-
iskivi 60, Tallin. -- Advertisement (Tallin, Sovetskaya 1stoniya, 25 Jul 58)
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The Orel Instrument Making Plant began production on 31 July 1958?
It will manufacture automatic. temperature regulators for cold-storage equip-
ment, and automatic thermal Instruments for air conditioning and the
purification of gases. A scientific research laboratory and design bureau
are being constructed at the plant. (Moscow., Promysh'lenno-Ekonomicheskaya
Gazeta, 1 Aug 58)
The first stage of the Orel Instrument Making Plant (Orlovskiy pribor-
ostroitel'aiyy zavod) was opened 29 July 1958- It will manufacture new .
types of automatic instruments for cold-storage plants., and other equipment.
The first stage of the plant was constructed in one year and 5 months and
the second stage will be completed in December 1958. (Moscow, Izvestiya9
1 Aug 58)
The Kaluga Pyrometric Instrument Plant (zavod pirometricheskikh prib -
orov) has been constructed on the outskirts of Kaluga. The plant has manu-
factured its first consignment of electronpneumatic control instruments
which automatically control 12 consecutive operations. Instruments which
utilize radioactive isotopes to cheek the level of liquids and determine
the density of various liquids have been series produced. The first pyrom
metric instruments produced by the plant have been sent to enterprises in
Leningrad, Gor'kiy, the Urals, Siberia, the Donbass, and Transcaucasia.
(Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 1 Aug 58)
Construction of the tool shop and machinery and repair shop of the
Kirovakarn Avtomatika Plant has been completed. In 1958 this plant will
produce a consignment of instruments for automating processes in the chemi-
cal and nonferrous metallurgical induatr s. (Riga, Sovetskaya Latvlya,
6 Sep 58)
The Tiraspol' Electrical Equipment Plant (Tiraspol'skiy zavod elekm
troapparatury) requires mechaiical engineer for the position of plant
chief mechanic.
Applications should be made at ulitsa Zhelezrnodorozhnikov, 33, Tir;
aspol'- m- Advertisement (Kishinev, Sovetskaya Moldaviya, 16 Sep 58)*-
I. Shiktorov is deputy chairman of the Division of Electrical Industry,
Gosplan RSFSR. This division has some jurisdictiocn,over the Scientific
Research Institute of the Timepiece Industry. (Moscow, Izvestiya., g7'A"1g 58)
[Comments Shiktorov was formerly chief of the Maim Admirnistratiou
of the Power Engineering Industry, Ministry of Electrical Engine:eriag Indus-
try.]
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Georgiy Mikhaylovich Bubekin, director of VNTTIpribor (A11-Union Scien-
tific Research Technological Institute for Instrument Making), died on
12 August 1958. (Moscow, Vechernyaya Moskva, 13~Aug 58)
The late G. M. Bubekin had formerly been the chief technologist of
the Moscow Computing and Analyzing Machine Plant. (Moscow, Moskovskaya
Pravda, 13 Aug 58)
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II. SHORTAGES AID DEFICIENCIES
A. Radio Products
V. A. Lavrinovich is chief of the Radio Division of Qlavradiosbyt
[Main Administration for the Sale of Radio Products]. -A. P. Yermakov is
chief of the Vacuum Tube Division of Glavradiosbyt. Both of these officials
blame the. USSR trade organizations, not the radio engineering industry, for
any shortage of'radio components for amateur radio builders.
However,, the shortage is the fault not only of the trade organizations,
but also of certain enterprises of the radio industry and of Glavradiosbyt
itself.
It is hoped that Tsentrosoyuz (Central Union of Consumer Cooperatives],
and the Collegium of the Ministry of Trade USSR, jointly with Glavradiosbyt
and with the help of Gosplan USSR, will. get to the bottom of the components
shortage and will find a proper solution for it. (Moscow, Radio, Sep 58)
p 17)
For a long time the Belarus' radio receivers, radio-phonographs, and
television sets made by the Minsk Radio.Plant were considered'to be of the
highest quality, as were the Minsk radio-phonographs. Lately, however,
the quality of the plant's products has dropped, and an avalanche of com-
plaints about them has descended. The plant has lost most of its former
good reputation.
However, Yudelevich,,plant director, and Pumpyanskiy, chief engineer,
do nothing about improving'.produotion quality. The Laboratory of the
plant's OTK [Division of Technical Control] is responsible for quality
control, but because of negligence on the part of the plant, director, it
has neither the facilities or the staff to do'its job properly.
About 2Q0 quality, control inspectors work in the plant; however, most
of these are under the supervision of the production shops themselves, not
the OTK, and are dependent on premium pay from the shop managements. They
fulfill inspectoral, duties only part time, and are engaged mainly in
routine production work.
Usually a chief engineer is responsible for running production in a
plant, but this is not the case in the Minsk Radio Plant. Puppyanskiy,
who holds this position, is also chief designer of the plant and moreover,
works at the Belorussian State University and the Minsk Polytechnic Tekh-
nikum. He does not have time to worry about quality control.
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Feldman, deputy chief designer, and Al'tshuller, a machinist, are
working on an important order for the Institute of Physics and Mathematics
of the Academy of Sciences Belorussian SSR. They are also members of the
institutes staff. "Well," said Fe:l` dman, "there's no law against a man
holding two jobs!" There is no law against holding another job after regu-
lar working hours, but Al'tshuller and Feldman work on the institute's
order during regular working hours in the plant.
Slepyan, chief of the central laboratory of the Division of the Chief
Designer, is an assistant to the Chair of Electrophysics of the Belorussian
State University. In addition, he and Kaplan, a worker of the experimental
shop, are members of the staff of one of the laboratories of the Institute
of Machine Studies of the Academy of Sciences Belorussian SSR.
All the above-named persons are directly responsible for production
quality, but none of them cares to make any effort to improve quality.
Another complaint made to the plant is that it refuses to make any
spare parts for equipment that it no longer produces, even though products
such as the Belarus'-53 and Minsk-R-7 are still on sale by trade organ-
izations. (Minsk, Sovetskaya Belorussiya, 7 Aug 58)
A resident of Osh, Kirgiz SSR, recently purchased a Rekord television
set produced by the Voronezh [Elektrosignal] Plant. It had not operated
more than 15 minutes before it began to smoke and howl and then it went
dead. The purchaser cannot have the set replaced, nor can he get his
money back. Furthermore, there is no television repair shop in Osh.
(Frunze, Sovetskaya Kirgiziya, 9 Sep 58)
B. Photographic Supplies
Among the many complaints addressed to the editors of Sovetskoye Foto
are the following:
Interchangeable lenses for the Zenit and Zenit-S single lens reflex
cameras are not available. The Gelios-40 lens for the Zenit is a good,
powerful lens, but is very expensive and very bulky. On the other hand,
the less expensive Yupiter-9 and Yupiter-11 lenses can hardly even be found
with mountings for Zenit Cameras. It is also impossible to get short-focus
Mir-l and Gelios-44 lenses for the Zenit.
Many readers also complain that they cannot obtain color or polarizing
filters, or correcting filters for color photography. It is also impossible
to get supplementary lenses and range finders (proximeters) for close-up
large-scale photography.
Some photographic accessories which have been developed and produced
by our industry appear in the trade network so seldom that many photography
enthusiasts are not even aware of their existence.
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One type of filter made for the Industar-22 lens makes it impossible
to adjust the diaphragm after the filter is in place. Several years ago,
the Krasnogorsk (Machinery] Plant developed a filter which would not inter-
fere with diaphragm adjustment, but this filter has not yet been made avail-
able.
Some filters, when placed over a lens, will then not accept other
accessories for that lens, such as lens caps and shades. It is necessary
to develop a GOST (State All-Union Standard) whereby filters, supplementary
lenses, lens shades,, and lens caps will have identical inner and outer
diameters.
Among the most frequent queries addressed to the editors are those
concerning electronic flash units and batteries for them. Even stores
in Moscow seldom have these units, and Posyltorg [All=Union Mail Order
Office] often refuses to ship them.
One owner of a Molniya electronic flash writes from Sevastopol.'
that it has been 2 years since there were any batteries for his unit in
the stores of Sevastopol'. Many others have similar complaints.
Users of the EV-1 electronic flash complain that the.battery must be
replaced after every 20-25 flashes, but replacements are not easy to ob.-
tain. There is no attempt on the part of the producer plant to make a
li hter, more compact unit. The set includes a large, heavy capacitor
rated at 800 microfarads. Some currently produced capacitors are rated at
1,000 microfarads per cu cm of volume. Why are these not used in electronic
flash units?
Photographers who are initially pleased with their purchase of FIL
electronic flash units soon become disenchanted. Suddenly the IFK-120
flash tube. or the VS-4 vibrator will cease to function and no replacements
can be obtained, nor does a letter addressed to the pliant help to find' any.
With respect to film, V. Marenko of Kuybyshev complains that, although
the quality of filz produced by-Plant No 3 was remarkably improved before
the Sixth World Youth Festival, it has since suffered badly because of
poor packaging. Others register similar complaints. (Moscow, Sovetskoye
Foto, Dec 58, pp 51-55)
On 1 January 1958, there were more than 6 million cameras in the USSR.
This would call for a minimum of 70 million meters of film, yet only 53
million meters were offered for sale. During 1958, 1.5 million more cameras
are to be manufactured, yet there is to be no increase in the production of
film. (Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 17 Aug 58)
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During 1957, Soviet industry produced about 1,280,000 cameras, of
which 900,000 were 35-mm cameras. Printing from 35-mm negatives almost
invariably requires enlargement, yet there were only 220,000 enlargers
produced in the USSR during the same period. (Moscow, Sovetskoye Foto,
Dec 58; P 52)
It will soon be a year since any 35-mm film has been available in
Semipalatinsk; the choice of photographic papers is extremely limited and
there are no filters. ,extension tubes, or other essential accessories avail-
able.
.Chemiuals for processing color film, and correcting filters have been
lying unpurchased in the shops for several years. There is no demand for them
because there is no color paper or film avail.'bie. -Q V. Novikov, Semi
palatit:sk (Moscow, Sovetskoye Foto, Nov 58, p 84)
There has been no 35-mm film in the stores of Irkutsk since April,
and now a group of geologists and biologists is setting out on an expe-
dition with empty cameras.
Photographic chemicals such as developer, hyposulfates and metol are
often unavailable. When a buyer seeks one type of photographic paper,
another type is offered,, with the comment: "This is very good paper;
everyone buys it." Of course everyone buys it when there is none other
available.
Irkutsk., unfortunately, has no special photography stores and photo-
graphic paper must be found in household goods, clothing, and other departments.
-- I. Sonia, Irkutsk (Moscow, Sovetskoye Foto, Nov 589 p 83)
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III. LOCAL PRODUCTION AND ORGANIZATION
A. Leningrad
During the first half of 1958, enterprises of Leningrad and Leninrad-
skaya Oblast produced 139.000 radios and television sets,, 354+, cameras,
695,000 clocks and watches, 652 X-ray installations, 2,751 km of armored
cable, and 3,473 km of marine cable. (Isningradskaya Pravda, 25 Jul 58)
Enterprises of the Administration of Radio Engineering Industry of
the Leningradskiy Sovnarkhoz have pledged to develop 65 models of new
products during the second half of 1958. These products include a series
of new receiver-transmitter units, equipment for airports, industrial
television installations, new equipment for long-distance telephony,
vacuum tubes for transmitting color television programs, equipment for
economical two-channel telephone centers, and a series of new silicon
semiconductors. (Leningradskaya Pravda, 16 Aug 58)
Two new enterprises were established in the Leningradskiy Sovnarkhoz
in 1958 for the manufacture of semiconductor and ultrasonic instruments
and equipment.
The [Leningrad] Vibrator Plant has manufactured new highly sensitive
electrical measuring instruments. The plant has introduced 40 new types
of ammeters, voltmeters, and phase meters.
The [Leningrad] Lenteplopribor Plant produces equipment which is used
in scientific research laboratories, drift stations, and the tropics.
The Leningrad Electrical Machinery Plant, the Gidrometpribor Plant,
and the Krasnogvardeyets Plant have also achieved significant production
successes recently. (Riga, Sovetskaya Latviya, 10 Dec 58)
B. Uyosibi rak
After reorganization of the administration of industry, the Novosibir-
skiy Sovnarkhoz at first gave particular attention to lagging enterprises
in order to bring them up to the level of leading enterprises. For example,
the Administration of Radio Engineering Industry fulfilled the plan for the
first half of 1957 only 97.7 percent, but during the second half of the
year, it fulfilled the plan 100.5 percent. This was 26.3 percent higher
than in 1956. It was accomplished by improved management and supply.
In 1958, it is expected that the volume of production will rise 11.4
percent and that 173 new types of products will be put into production,
especially diesel locomotive electrical equipment, foundry equipment, and
SK-3 grain harvesting combines. The production of consumer goods has
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been expanded. For instance, the production of Vostok-57, Baykal, and
Rekord radio-phonographs has been increased by 190,000 in 1958. (Moscow,
V Pomoshchi Politicheskomu Samoobrazovaniyu, Dec 58, P 36)
C. Moskovskaya Oblast
The Podol'sk Cable Plant, the Podol'sk Storage Battery Plant, the
Nytishchi Electric Meter Plant, and a Mosneftekip [Moscow Petroleum
Control and Measuring Instrument] Plant are all subordinate to the
Moscow Oblast Sovnarkhoz. (Moscow, Leninskoye Znamya, 29 Jul 58)
During the first half of 1958, enterprises of Moskovskaya Oblast
[excluding Moscow city] produced 2.9 million low-voltage insulators,
611,700 electric meters, 43,000 television sets, and 9 million standard
light bulbs. (Moscow, teninskoye Znamya, 6 Aug 58)
[Comment: No previous information on the existence of a plant
producing television sets in Moskovskaya Oblast, outside the city of
Moscow, has been noted in Soviet published sources.]
During the first half of 1958, 162,500 radios and television sets
and 133,100 cameras were produced in the Ukrainian SSR. (Kiev, Pravda
Ukrainy, 30 Jul 58)
The following plants in the Ukrainian SSR were identified as winners
in socialist competition between enterprises of the republic for the
second quarter of 1958:
[Kiev] Tochelektropribor Plant of the hiyevskiy Sovnarkhoz.
[Berdyansk (formerly Osipenko)] Azovkabel' Plant of the Zaporozhskiy
Sovnarkhoz.
L'vov Electric Bulb Plant of the L'vovskiy Sovnarkhoz.
[Odessa] Kinap Plant of the Odesskiy Sovnarkhoz.
Odessa Cable Plant of the Odesskiy Sovnarkhoz.
Dnepropetrovsk Radio Plant of the Dnepropetrovskiy Sovnarkhoz.
(Kiev, Pravda Ukrainy,3 Aug 58)
E. Transcaucasus Republics
1. Georgian SSR
At present, 22 plants for the production of electrical equipment
are being organized in the Georgian SSR. They will produce a great
variety of products, including large electric machines for submersible
oil pumps, sewing machine electric motors, electric carts, vacumm cleaners,
table fans, electric vibrators, sheep shearing machines, AC magnetic
stations, electric motors for tower cranes, enameled wire, light cord,
and flashlight batteries. (Tbilisi, Zarya Vostoka, 2 Aug 58)
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New instrument-making and electrical engineering enterprises are
being established in the Georgian SSR. One new enterprise, the Gruzkabel'
Cable Products Plant, is being organized in Zestafoni, in the reconstructed
building of the Zestafoni Electric Locomotive Depot- This plant will
employ approximately 1,500 persons. Up to 900,000 rubles will be spent
for construction work in 1958. The plant management and technical
personnel have already been selected and preparatory work has begun. The
plant will make its first products early in 1959.
In 1959, a new alkali storage battery and galvanic battery cell
plant will manufacture its first products. This enterprise will be
organized in Shorapani on the basis of the locomotive and car depot of
the old narrow-gauge railroad. (Tbilisi, Zarya Vostoka, 27 Aug 58)
The USSR government is supporting the proposal of the Central
Committee of the Communist Party of Georgia and the Council of Ministers
Georgian SSR for creating more than 20 new instrument making and electrical
engineering plants within 2 years.
Most of the plants will use local raw materials. A number of
them will be in Shorapani, Zestafoni, Kaspi, Gori, and Staliniri. This
will make it possible to make the best use of local work forces. The
plants will employ mainly young persons just out of secondary school.
Central planning organizations, namely Giproenergoprc'rn [State
All-Union Planning Institute of the Power Engineering Industry], Mekhanobr
[All.TTnion Institute for the Mechanical Processing of Mineralsl and
+':_.v;}'ekt [Main Administration of Scientific Research and Planning
Institutes of Gosplan USSR], along with the Kharkov VNIITelektromash
[All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Techonlogy of Electrical
Machine Building?] and the Leningrad Gipropribor [State Institute for
Planning Instrument Making Plants?], are helping the Georgian'SSR to
organize this new branch of industry. The Gruzgosproyekt [State Planning
Institute of the Georgian SSR?] and Gruzgiproshakht [State Institute for
Planning Mines of the Georgian SSR?] are also helping in planning the new
plants.
The Scientific Research Institute of the Electrical Engineering
Industry, which is already being organized in Tbilisi, will play a signifi-
cant part in the future development of the electrical and instrument
industries in the Georgian SSR.
The Georgian Sovnarkhoz and its Administration of Machine Building
and Electrical Engineering Industry, with the aid of party and soviet
organs of the republic, have actually begun the creation of new plants.
Assignments for planning each plant have been defined and distributed;
personnel are being selected; and the problems of specialization and
cooperation are being worked out.
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Directors of all the new plants have already visited similar
plants in the USSR. A group of workers and engineers of the new Tbilisi
Electric Welding Plant and the Tbilpribor Plant have been sent to equiva-
lent enterprises in other parts of the USSR. Soon workers of the new Poti,
Batumi, and other new plants will do the same.
Misvik, deputy chief engineer of the Moscow Dinamo Plant, has
come to Georgian to help organize the new crane electric motor and
electrical equipment plants in Tbilisi, Kaspi, and Poti.
Capital investment funds allotted by the government for the second
half of 1958 have already been distributed to the new plants by the Georgian
Sovnarkhoz. A plan for a building with a floor space of 6,000 sq m has
been selected for expanding the Tbilisi Electric Welding Equipment Plant.
Two buildings with up to 20,000 sq m of floor space are being selected for
the Shorapani Galvanic Cell and Alkali Storage Battery Plant. B. Akimenko,
Deputy Chairman, Georgian Sovnarkhoz (Tbilisi, Zarya Vostoka, 4 Sep 58)
A second plant for the production of.micropower electric motors
under the Administration of Electrical Engineering Industry and Instrument
Making of the Armenian Sovnarkhoz is being organized in Goris, on the base
of the school building of the Goris Livestock Raising Tekhnikum, which
has been transferred to the sovnarkhoz.
The Arzni Precision Industrial Jewels Plant is organizing the
production of sapphire needles for long-play record players, the first
such products made in the Armenian SSR. The raw material, synthetic
corundum, will be produced by the Kirovakan Chemical Combine. In 1959,
the Arzni plant will produce 2 million needles; in 1960, 5 million; and
in 1961, 10 million. (Yerevan, Kommunist, 29 Aug 58)
3. Azerbaydzhan SSR
During the first half of 1958, 1+,200 radio receivers and
television sets were produced in the Azerbaydzhan Sovnarkhoz. This
is only 91 percent of the amount produced during the first half of 1957.
The Baku Radio Plant did not fulfill its gross production plan
for the first half of 1958. (Baku, Bakinskiy Rabochiy, 7 Aug 58)
F. Baltic Republics
The Tallin Vol'ta, Eesti Kaabel', and Punane RET plants are
all subordinate to the Administration of Machine Building of the Estonian
Sovnarkhoz.
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During the first half of 1958, enterprises of the Estonian SSR
produced 3.1 million rubles' worth of electrical installation equipment;
6.9 million rubles' worth of electric light fixtures; 12,400 km of
installation wire; 54.2 million rubles' worth of instruments, automation
equipment, and spare parts for them; 7,100 taxi meters; 14,400 water
meters; and 7,500 radio receivers. (Tallin, Sovetskaya Estoniya, 8 Aug 58)
Three neiti electrical engineering and instrument making plants
are being organized in the Estonian Sovnarkhoz by the Administration of
Machine Building. A mercury rectifier plant has been created by using
shops of the former Railroad Car Repair Plant imeni Kalinin. (Tallin,
Sovetskaya Estoniya, 9 Aug 58)
During the first half of 1958, enterprises of the. Latvian
Sovnarkhoz produced the following:
Train,-lighting electrical equipment
1,180 sets
Electrical equipment for lift trucks
3,445 sets
Electrical equipment for motorcar
sections of electrified railroads
77 sets
Automatic telephone exchanges 68,400 numbers
Radio receivers 251,100 units
(Riga, Sovetskaya Latviya, 6 Aug 58)
L. Bunin is deputy chief of the Administration of Radio and
Electrical. Engineering and Metalworking Industry of the Latvian Sovnarkhoz.
(Riga, Sovetskaya Latviaa, 13 Aug 58)
During the first half of 1958, enterprises of the Lithuanian SSR
produced 802,000 electric meters, 227,100 electric motors under one kw in
power, 8.3 million rubles' worth of electrical installation equipment,
7,500 welding transfo?mers, and 4,800 electric welding units. (Vil'nyus,
Sovetskaya Litva, i Aug 58)
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A. Television Picture Tubes
By 7 November 1958, a constant-flow line for the assembly of Televi-
sion picture tubes, with a productivity of 100 tubes/hr, will be put into
operation in the Television Picture Tube Shop of the Moscow Electric Bulb
Plant. This will have the first large conveyer of this type in the USSR,
and will take the place of eight rotary exhausting machines now used in
the shop. The new line will also have a conveyer for testing the cathode
ray tubes. (Moscow, Moskovskaya Pravda, 27 Jul 58)
A cathode ray tube for color television is being developed in the
laboratories of the Moscow Electric Bulb Plant. This new tube is different
from other such tubes developed in the same laboratories in that it does
not have extremely complex parts, such as masks, and has one electron
beam instead of three. The new tube should give a much brighter picture
than tubes with masks. (Moscow, Vechernyaya Moskva, 18 Aug 58)
B. Cold-Cathode Gas-Discharge Tubes
The Physics Institute imeni P. Lebedev of the Academy of Sciences USSR
has developed a cold-cathode method by which so-called "silent" discharge
with a current measured in millionths of an ampere occurs in the starter
electrode circuits of vacuum tubes. This causes an extremely high initial
ionization, which sharply decreases inertness in the tube count and has
many other operational advantages.
The "silent" discharge method has made it possible to create reliable
high-speed units of electronic apparatus, triggers, multivibrators, pulse
amplifiers, quartz oscillators, photoion relays, computers, and other
equipment.
Apparatus utilizing cold-cathode tubes is simple, compact, and light.
The PK-lI. and PK-6 computer units'with 20 tubes apiece weigh only 225 grams
apiece and can be held in the palm of the hand. The tubes themselves
weigh about a gram each. From 1,500 to 2,000 tubes can be installed on a
single telephone stand.
Cold-cathode tubes are very economical. For example, the computer
unit of the BMA-50 high-speed multichannel amplitude analyzer produced by
the [Moscow] Fizpribor Plant has 1,500 tubes, including 600 triggers, but
requires an input of only 24+ watts.
Unlike transistors, cold-cathode tubes do not break down when electri-
cal overloads occur.
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The USSR-made MrKhm90 tube can operate with currents ranging from mil-
lionths of an ampere to thousands of amperes. These tubes function as soon
as they are hooked into a circuit, and can be used in a wide range of
temperatures and under conditions of high radioactivity. Such tubes can
have a service life of up to 100,000 hours; for this reason, they can be
soldered into a circuit like ordinary radio components. In the latest
series of tubes, stability and parameter spread have been improved.
It is important that the glow of a cold-cathode tube can be used for
determining the condition of multitube units without the use of any
additional control apparatus. This feature distinguishes such tubes
from transistors and other components.
Cold-cathode tubes are easy to produce and do not require expensive
materials. One-half ton of glass and one-half ton of nickel or molybdenum
are sufficent for the production of a million tubes.
The [Moscow] Fizpribor Plant, in collaboration with the Physics
Institute imeni Lebedev, has already organized the production of more than
'en types of complex equipment utilizing cold-cathode tubes.
The BK..3 and PK.10b scalers are used for detecting radioactivity and
measuring its intensity. They are from one tenth to one fifth the size
of scalers utilizing ordinary electron tubes. The WK.2 millisecond meter
for measuring the length of single processes in highspeed units, PK-1000
electronic pulse counters, and RS K.l reversible counters are some of the
other instruments being produced.
The cubic telescopes and neutron monitors developed by the plant are
used in line with the activities of the International Geophysical Year
for 21+--hour observation and continuous registration of the intensity of
cosmic radiation. Each telescope has approximately 600 cold-cathode
tubes. The largest hodosco;pic unit in the world, the GK.7, has been
built for the Moscow University. This unit has more than 4,000 nuclear
particle counters and about 12,000 cold-cathode tubes. In foreign
countries, hodoscopes are made with ordinary electron tubes; for this
reason, the number of cells on them does not exceed 100.
In Leningrad, an experimental switching unit of an automatic telephone
station utilizing cold-cathode tubes has been put into operation. Many
such tubes are also used in computers. For example, about one-quarter of
the tubes used in the series-prod-aced Ural computer are cold-cathode types.
The compact special SNK-3 rvcmuuter unit for the automatic measurement of
energy and mass of elementary particles in nuclear photoemulsions has
been developed. This unit is of the same size as a television set and has
500 tubes.
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Several new types of tubes have been proposed by a design group of
the Moscow Electric Bulb Plant. The type TKh-h8 cold-cathode tetrode,
which was developed according to a technical assignment of the Physics
Institute, is one of the best tubes of this class. The Elektrolampa
Plant has developed the high-stability variant of the MPKh-90 tube
with a cylindrical grid and a cesium cathode.
The demand for cold-cathode tubes is rising continuously. At least
one million per year are needed now, and in the near future, tens of
millions per year will be needed. It is proposed that cold-cathode tubes
should replace up to one half of all relays, electron tubes, and transis-
tors used in automatic installations. If such tubes are produced in
automatic machines, their cost will be no greater or even less than one
ruble apiece, whereas electron tubes and transistors cost 5-10 rubles
apiece. Consequently, the replacement of the latter by cold-cathode
tubes will save 100-150 million rubles per year. The savings actually
amount to billions of rubles, if the long service life of cold-cathode
tubes is taken into account.
Less space and equipment are needed for series-producing cold-
cathode tubes than for making electron tubes and transistors. One shop
of the Moscow Electric Bulb Plant or a small specialized enterprise such
as the Elektrolampa Plant of the Moscow Oblast Sovnarkhoz could produce
2-3 million cold-cathode tubes per day. The Fizpribor Plant should
specialize in the development and production of equipment utilizing
cold-cathode tubes.
Cold-cathode tubes and methods for utilizing them are being developed
by various branches of science and industry: physics, electronics,
automatics, computer and vacuum tube technology, and instrument making.
Because of this, the development of new tubes and equipment is dispersed
among many different organizations. In the near future, Gosplan USSR
and the State Committee for Radioelectronics should solve the problem
of coordinating work in this field. In addition, the study of physical
processes in cold-cathode tubes should be intensified and the field of
application of these tubes should be expanded. Special laboratories
should be created for this purpose. --L. Korablev, Candidate of
Technical Sciences (Moscow, Pronyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 18 Jul 58)
C. Semiconductors
High-speed semiconductor components are being developed in the
Labore,tory of Precision Semiconductor Devices of the Institute of
Automatics, Gosplan Ukrainian SSR. These high-speed components are
designed for replacing electron tubes in the units of special-purpose
mathematical machines.
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A mathematical machine with the new semiconductor components will
be able to perform more than one million operations per second.
Engr Rostislav Kuz`menko assembles these components with the use of
a microscope. (Moscow, Komsomol'skaya Pravda, 17 Sep 58)
The Tashkent Electric Bulb Plant has begun the mass production of
highly efficient semiconductor devices. (Moscow, Pronyshlenno-
Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 21 Sep 58)
The Leningrad Svetlana Plant has a gas-discharge tube shop.
(Ieningradskaya Pravda, 8 Aug 58)
The [Ireni.ngrad] Svetlana Plant manufactures miniature radio tubes.
It began the production of germanium transistors after the 20th Congress
of the CPSU. (Ieningradskaya Pravda, 13 Sep 58)
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Radio receivers and television sets produced in the USSR improve as the
years go by. The industry of the Latvian Sovnarkhoz has produced models of
the new Akvamarin, Sakta, Festival', Latviya, and Rubin radio receivers. The
Estoniya radiophonograph, the Belorussian-made Druzhba-210 radiophonograph,
the Oktava radiophonograph made in the Gor'kiy Sovnarkhoz, and the Baykal
radiophonograph made in Novosibirsk are examples ofbeautiful and handy sets.
The All-Union Institute of Radiobroadcast Reception and Acoustics has
developed the light portable Almaz, Kristall, and Svet battery radios, which
weigh about one kg apiece. (Riga, Sovetskaya Latviya, 10 Sep 58)
In 1955, 3,474,000 radio receivers and radiophonographs were put on the
market in the USSR; in 1958, it is planned that 3,877,000 will go. on the
market.
In 1955, 483,000 television sets were put on the market in the USSR; in
1958, it is planned that 844,000 will go on the market. (Moscow, Sovetskaya
Torgovlya, Dec 58, pp 42-43)
B. Manufacturing Methods
The radio industry has progressed from the closed-cycle production of
equipment and components by a single plant to the specialized production of
standard components which can be used by several plants for making many dif-
ferent kinds of equipment. Now the industry is on the threshold of using
standard functional blocks for building up various kinds of radio equipment.
The new method of designing radio equipment is being experimented with.
Dummy models of 12-channel television receivers, the Komosomolets with a 35-
cm screen and the Leningradets with a 43-cm screen, have been built. These
models have 13 tubes apiece and are broken up into five functional blocks.
The number of blocks would be increased for receivers with more tubes.
Some specialists are afraid that the new method will cause the USSR in-
dustry to produce only one type of a given piece of radio equipment; this
fear is not justified, however, since the gradation of parameters requires
a minimum of two blocks for each function, and such blocks can be combined
to form dozens of different models.
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Some people seem to fear that the use of functional blocks will make
it difficult to utilize modern multifunction vacuum tubes. This fear is
also without foundation, since with the proper designing approach, complex
tubes can easily be used in functional blocks.
What advantages will be gained by using the functional block system?
The. development and production of new models of electronic apparatus cost
several million rubles and require 2-3 years. Since electronics is in a
state of rapid development, a new model is in demand for 18 months at the
most. Then it must be taken out of production and modernized. In using
functional blocks, the process of modernization can be accelerated. Blocks
can be modernized continuously without interrupting the production or the
sevicing of already-produced equipment. Functional blocks can be produced
centrally with the use of printed circuits, and with automatic installation
of parts; and even, perhaps, the assembly process may be automated.
Recently, the State Committee for Radioelectronics of the Council of
Ministers USSR and the All-Union Industrial Exposition sponsored an All-
Union Scientific and Technical Conference which appraised innovations and
outlined future tasks in the development of radiobroadcasting equipment.
Participants at the conference noted the_ long-range prospects of the
functional block method. Enterprises are already intending to use this
method in the development of economical television models in 1958-1959.
Thus, one of the most important problems of electronics engineering,
the creation of modern radiobroadcasting -equipment for mass use, will be
solved. -- Engr K. Runov, Leningrad (Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya
Gazeta, 23 Jul 58 )
TsNIITOP (Central Scientific Research Institute of Technology and Or-
ganization of"Production) of the State Committee for Radioelectronics of
the Council"6f Ministers USSR has developed a high-frequency method of dry-
ing'paint `on manufactured parts and products. The TsNIITOP has developed
an inductor suitable for products of various thicknesses and sizes, which
produces a field the same as that produced by a soleniod inductor. A type
VE355-G vacuum-tube generator serves as the source of high-frequency current
for the drying unit. (Moscow, Promys lenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 23 Jul
58)
A group of engineers of Design Bureau No 3 in Leningrad has designed
a mechanized line for producing radio tube grids. This line has 42 auto-
matic devices, two unit-type machines, and three conveyers. (Moscow, Iz-
vestiya, 30 Aug 58)
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C. Prices
The Novosibirsk base of Posyltorg [All-Union Mail Order Office] has the
following battery radio receivers on sale:
Rodirna-52, seven-tube, Class-2, four-band receiver with a wooden cabinet
and a set of diy batteries and antenna No 1; price: 619 rubles.
Voronezh five-tube Class-3 receiver with keyboard band switches and
plastic cabinet. A set of dry batteries and an antenna No 1 are included;
price: 403 rubles.
The above prices include handling and shipping costs. (Frunze, Sovet-
skaya Kirgiziya, 1 Aug 58)
The following articles were included in a prize list for second state
lottery of the Estonian SSR:
Prize
Value (in rubles)
KVN-49 television set
850
Znamya television set
2,500
Temp-3 television set
2,600
Estoniya radiophonograph
2,200
Akkord radiophonograph
1,150
Daugava radiophonograph
1,100
Rekord radiophonograph
495
Strela radio receiver
250
Yauza tape recorder
1,800
(Tallin, Sovetskaya Estoniya, 22 Aug 58)
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The following prices were quoted in an official prize list for the
second 1958 state lottery of the Tadzhik SSR:
Prize
Price (in rubles)
Lyuks or Druzhba radiophonograph
2,300
Irtysh radiophonograph
1,100
EG-2 electric phonograph
450
Start television set
1,950
(Stalinaba,d, Kommunist Tadzhikistana, 31 Aug 58)
The following items were listed in a prize list for the second state
lottery of the Armenian SSR for 1958:
Prize
Price (in rubles)
Rekord television set
1,750
Riga-l0 Class-1 radio receiver
1,180
Akkord radiophonograph
1,150
(Yerevan, Kommunist, 10 Sep 58)
D. Radios
The New Suliko transistor radio was developed by scientific workers of
the Institute of Electronics, Automatics, and Telemechanics of the Academy
of Sciences Georgian SSR. This receiver weighs 375 grams and is fed by a
small battery which is sufficient for 20-30 hours of continuous operation.
The radio has a built-in antenna. (Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya
Gazeta, 6 Aug 58)
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According to the 1958 production plan, the Riga Radio Plant imeni Popov
was to produce 15,000 new Festival' radio receivers. The plan was finally
cut down to 8,000. However, the material and technical supply plan was not
changed, and despite the plant's protests, excess materials continue to pour
in. During the first half of 1958, the plant had already received more than
3 million rubles' worth of excess materials, and 3.5 million rubles' worth
more is expected during the third quarter. The plant has been put into ex-
tremely difficult financial straits. -- V. Mol._odtsov, Senior Economist of
Administration of Radio and Electrical Engineering and Metalworking Industry,
Latvian Sovnarkhoz (Riga, Sovetskaya Latviya, 20 Aug 58)
E. Television Equipment
The All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Television has finished
making the equipment for a television center under construction in Vorkuta.
This is the beginning of the series production of equipment for so-called
small television centers, which are designed for transmitting wide and narrow-
film motion pictures and small concerts. High-quality video and audio are
provided by first-class television projection and sound apparatus.
In the future, when radio relay lines have been developed, small tele-
vision centers will handle intercity broadcasts. (Leningradskaya Pravda,
8 Aug 58)
0 Enterprises of the Leningrad economic region have completed the manu-
facture of two PTS-3 mobile television stations for the television centers
of Chelyabinsk and Odessa.
These television stations are mounted in ZIL-158 buses, and extensive
use is made of semiconductors, new types of camera tubes, and compact port-
able equipment. (Leningradskaya Pravda, 11 Sep 58)
The Class-1 Znamya television set is well known in the USSR. It has
a large screen and a low power input. The Leningrad Plant imeni Kozitskiy
is mastering the production of a modernized version of this television set,
the Znamya-58.
The Znamya-58 is designed for the reception of 12 channels, and has
improved audio and video controls. It also has sockets for plugging in
earphones.
Several thousand of the Znamya-58 should be produced by the end of
August 1958. These sets are produced on a continuously moving conveyer.
(Yerevan, Kommunist, 19 Aug 58)
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The new Almaz-102, Rubin-102, Rubin-201, Rubin-202, and Kristall-104
television sets made by the Moscow Television Equipment Plant received high
ratings at the Brussels World's Fair. During the third quarter of 1958,
the plant will begin their series production. (Moscow, TrUd., 21 Aug 58)
The Moscow Television Equipment Plant of the Moscow City Sovnarkhoz is
the producer of the Kristall-101+ combination set, which consists of an Almaz
television set, a Class-1 Lyuks radio receiver, an Elofa-10 tape recorder,
and a two-speed record player. The television has a screen. measuring 340 x
450 mm. The Rubin-102, Rubin-202, and Almaz-102 are to be put into series
production soon.
Within a very short time, the radio engineering industry must master
the production of television sets utilizing printed circuits and transis-
tors. Moreover, the production of color television sets is not too far
off. (Moscow, Vechernyaya Moskva, 30 Aug 58)
The L?vov Television Plant has designed the new Trembita television
set, which has two speakers, a 43-cm screen, and a picture tube deflection
angle of 110 degrees. This set, which is enclosed in a plastic cabinet,
is slated for production in 1959. (Moscow, Moskovskaya Pravda, 29 Jul 58)
The L?vov Television Plant is the producer of the L?vov television set.
The plant has a line for producing transformers (1). Television sets are
assembled (2) and aligned (3) (4) on benches or tables. Picture tubes are
mounted in frames in one part of the plant (5). (Moscow, Radio, Sep 58,
facing p 33)
(1) Photo available in source, facing page 33, top
(2) Photo available in source, facing page 33, second from top
(3) Photo available in source, facing page 33, third from top
(4) Photo available in source, facing page 33, bottom, right
(5) Photo available in source, facing page 33, bottom, left
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Various USSR organizations are developing a number of machines for the
automatic regulation of certain production processes. One of these machines,
an automatic engineer, has successfully undergone industrial testing. It
is one of the first cybernetic machines for controlling the movement of a
train. Anothet machine developed in the USSR is one for controlling switch-
ing operations in railroad humpyards.
A machine is being designed for eliminating losses incurred in the
metallurgical industry in cutting conditioned rolled metal. In 1957, the
Elektrostall Plant tested the dummy model of an electronic computing unit
for maintaining a steady amount of input current for electric furnaces.
On the base of this dummy model, a machine for controlling the operations
of ferrous alloy are furnaces is being developed. -- V. Loskutov, Candidate
of Technical Sciences (Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 20 Aug
58)
A design bureau for automatic equipment is located on the premises of
the Moscow Tizpribor Plant. Workers of the bureau are engaged in experimental
production.of new instruments and equipment for various branches of industry.
One of Its greatest successes has been an electronic machine produced on
order for the chemical industry. This machine, based on a new unique system
developed and built for the first time in the USSR, takes the place of a
multitude of instruments.
In describing the machine's operation, D. V. Ukladov, chief designer
of the bureau, states that all signals from transmitters are sent not to in-
dividual indicator instruments, but to a single automatic machine, which
checks, signals, stores, and sends out control commands.
The new machine, called the Mars-200, can be seen in operation in one
of the rooms of the bureau. It is based on standard, easily replaceable re-
lay and electronic blocks. All of the machine's units are rated for many
years of interruption-free service, and for that reason the number of vacuum
tubes has been kept to a minimum. The Mars-200 plays a great part in auto-
mation of the chemical, petroleum refining, power engineering, and other in-
dustries.
A recently assembled machine will soon be installed in the hot-presses
section of the [Moscow) Krasnyy Bogatyr? Plant) where it will regulate the
processes involved in the manufacture of rubber footwear.
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Recently, a more powerful machine, the Mars-300, was assembled at the
design bureau. It is destined for the Yefremov Synthetic Rubber Plant.
Besides Ukladov, participants in the development of the new electronic
machines include Ye. M. Yakovson, chief engineer of the bureau;
G.
Z.
Maku-
lov, A. S. Edel?shteyn, and Yu. V. Babakin, chiefs of divisions;
triyev, laboratory chief; and B. A. Panyukav, leading engineer.
G.
K.
Dmi-
Another new machine is the Mars-200R, which was designed by G. Dmitri-
yev. (Moscow, Moskovskaya Pravda) 2 Sep 58)
The installation of a MARS-300 electronic computer is under way at the
Yefremov Synthetic Rubber Plant. This computer will check processes at 300
control points. -- K. Kil?shtedt, Chief Engineer, Administration of Chemical
Industry, Tullskiy Sovnarkhoz (Moscow, Sovetskaya Rossiya, 8 Aug 58)
Recently, a high-speed electronic machine for controlling the operations
of resistance furnaces was installed in one of the shops of the Yefremov Syn-
thetic Rubber Plant in Tullskaya Oblast. This machine takes the place of
36 operators. In 30 seconds it.measures the temperature and pressure at 300
points, and in case something goes wrong with the process, it signals the
operator.
Experience in the operation of this machine has demonstrated that such
machines can reliably be used for the over-all automation of complex chem-
ical processes. (Moscow, Agitator, No 21+, Dec 58, p 18)
Boris Sergeyevich Yegorov is the leading inventor of the [Moscow] Com
puting and Analyzing Machine Plant. The plant has organized the production
of complex tabulating machines. -- Engr N. Bazhenov, Administration of De-
sign and Scientific Research Organizations, Moscow City Sovnarkhoz (Moscow,
Vechernyaya Moskva, 10 Sep 58)
The Ural electronic computer was developed in a design bureau for elec-
tronic computers. This machine has been submitted to plants for series pro-
duction.
Adollf Kondrashev, a graduate of the Faculty of Automation of the Mos-
cow Power Engineering Institute, participated in designing this computer.
(Moscow, Radio, Sep 58, p 12)
A Ural electronic computer has been installed in the computing center
of the Academy of Sciences Uzbek SSR. The over-all adjustment of the machine
is under way now. During the fourth quarter of 1958, the center twill begin
solving complex mathematical problems necessary for the activities of the
institutes of the Academy of Sciences Uzbek SSR. (Moscow, Promyshlenno-Eko-
nomicheskaya Gazeta, 17 Sep 58)
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In 1956, a computer laboratory was created under the Institute of Phy-
sics of the Academy of Sciences Latvian SSR. During the same year, institute
workers developed plans for an electronic computer, but were unable to make
the parts and units of such a machine because they had no suitable production
facilities.
In 1957, the institute mde he appropriate contracts with the Riga VEF
Plant and the Riga Etalon Plant for the production of individual units of
the machine. The training of specialists to run the new computer was begun
at the Latvian State University.
According to the agreement, the VEF Plant was to finish the production
of the main section of the machine by 1 August 1957, but it is still unfinished.
In July 1958, the main section was sent to the plant?s paint shop, and it
still lies there unpainted.
The Etalon Plant is also failing to fulfill its obligations. It was
to have supplied the machine's storage unit in July 1958, but has not yet
manufactured it. This enterprise is to produce the input and output sections
of the machines, but the production of these stands in danger of disruption.
The electrical installation of the new machine depends on when its units
are received from the VEF and Etalon plants. After installation, at least
6 months are required to adjust the machine. Thus, there will be quite a
long delay before the computer goes into operation.
Computer technology is progressing so fast that machines become obsoles-
cent in a very short time and must be replaced. Alekseyev, director of the
VEF Plant, and Bocharov, director of the Etalon Plant, should realize how
necessary timeliness is in this case.
The Latvian Sovnarkhoz is of no help to the institute in solving the
problem of manufactu?ing the necessary computer parts and units. The sov-
riarkho.z does not even pay lip service to the importance of the computer.
Our electronic computer is the first such machine in the Baltic republics.
Its creation is a matter of honor to the scientists and industrial workers
of Latvia. -- Y. Daube, Manager, Computer Laboratory, Institute of Physics
(Riga, Sovetskaya Latviya, 17 Sep 58)
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A. Industrial Instrumentation
The SKBPSA (Independent Design Bureau of Instruments and Automation
Equipment) has been established in Tbilisi. The scientific research and
design divisions of the bureau have put instruments for the sulfite cellu-
lose industry into experimental production. They will be used for deter-
mining the degree of fogging of sulfur dioxide gas and the degree of
transparency of tower acid, and for checking the coloration of cooking li-
quor. These divisions have also developed a smoke indicator with a sensi-
tive photoelectric type transmitter for analyzing gaseous mediums having
a small volume of aerosol.
The SKBPSA has designed a mobile rod type pH meter with a combination
glass electrode. It has developed another pH meter with a measuring range
of 5-10 for use in agriculture.
The bureau has also developed automatic concentrate measurers with non-
electrode high-voltage transmitters. They will be used in the chemical in-
dustry for determining acid concentration. (Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomiche-
skaya Gazeta, 12 Sep 58)
The "NIIAvtomatika" Scientific Research Institute for the Automation
of Production Processes in the Chemical Industry and Nonferrous Metallurgy
of Glavniiproyekt [Main Administration of Scientific Research and Planning
Institutes] of Gosplan USSR needs electrical engineers and specialists in
telemechanics, and computer engineers for permanent employment. Living.ac-
commodations are available.
Apply at Proyezd Kirova 7, Kirovakan, Armenian SSR -- Advertisement
(Yerevan, Kommunist, 6 Aug 58)
The Leninakan Independent Design Bureau for Industrial Instruments
manufactures electronic hygrometers and automatic moisture regulators for
measuring and regulating the moisture content of solids, friable' materials,
liquids, and gases; continuous-action viscosimeters with remote transmission
of readings for automatic checking and regulating of manufacturing processes;
and continuous-action.viscosimeters (rotational, vibration, and ultrasonic
types).
Instruments are developed with the production of experimental models
according to contracts specifying the technical needs of the consumer.
Advertisement (Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 6 Aug 58)
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The Moscow Fizpribor Plant has finished the production of a consignment
of MIR-3A radioactive manometers (6) which are capable of taking measures
between 0.1 and 10 mm of the mercury column. Other manometers were unable
to make such measurements.
The MIR-3A is designed for controlling industrial processes in the radio
industry. (Moscow, Vechernyaya Moskva, 12 Aug 58)
(6) Photo available in source, p 2, top
The type MGK-2 thermomagnetic gas analyzer with a ring-type chamber
is suitable for the control and regulation of oxygen content ranging from
0 to 40-50-percent. This gas analyzer is produced by the OKBA (Experimental
Design Bureau for Automatics). The OKRA is developing two types of new
magnetic gas analyzers: The MGK-3 for analyzing oxygen in multicomponent
compounds (in an explosion-proof version) and the MGK-4 for checking the
purity of oxygen.
The type MGK-2 gas analyzers have already been approved by the Committee
on Standards, Measures, and Measuring Instruments, and are in series produc-
tion. The first experimental models of the MGK-3 gas analyzer are undergo-
ing industrial testing. The first instruments of an experimental consignment
of Iv K-4 gas analyzers are undergoing industrial testing also.
(Source gives detailed descriptions of the new gas analyzers, along with
diagrams and an illustration.) (Moscow, Priborostroyeniye, Sep 58, pp 3-7)
The Kharkov Control and Measuring Instrument Plant has successfully
completed the testing of compact installations for the automatic maintenance
of the level of liquid fed by pumping stations of enterprises into tanks.
The new equipment utilizes contactless measuring methods, using a gamma-
ray emitter on one side of the tank and a gamma-ray receiver on the other.
If the oil level in a tank rises too high, it cuts the flow of radiation,
and the electric motor of the pump is shut off automatically. When the level
starts getting lower, a special relay puts the pump back into operation.
(Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 20 Aug 58)
The Leningrad Lenneftekip Plant produces more than 120 different control
and measuring instruments, which are used on a wide scale in the chemical,
oil, gas, food, and ferrous metallurgical industries, and in other branches
of the national economy.
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The plant ships pneumatic liquid level regulators, laboratory instru-
ments for analyzing petroleum products, and other instruments in great
quantities to India, Afghanistan, Vietnam, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Rumania,
and other People's Democracies. (Leningradskaya Pravda, 20 Aug 58)
Thermal gauges are still not made for extended continuous use. New
instruments are heavier than older ones. For example, an automatic potentio-
meter made in 1940 weighs 30 kg, but an electronic automatic potentiometer
of the same quality made in 1955 is 20 kg heavier. Synchronous motors heat
up to a temperature of 80-100 degrees, with the result that the insulation
on the connecting wires dries up. The connecting wires in the type EPP-09
instrument weat out after 2-3 years of use. In 1957 the Sverdlovsk Ural-
mash Plant notified the Leningrad Teplopribor Plant about defects in the
EPP-09, but since then, the instrument has not been improved. (Moscow,
Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 27 Jul 58)
The Ryazan' Thermal Engineering Instrument Plant has manufactured level
indicators for checking and regulating the level of liquids in various re-
ceptacles. The instruments are equipped with contact units which make re-
mote control of the manufacturing processes possible. (Vil'nyus, Sovetskaya
Litva, 26 Aug 58)
By the end of 1958, the Moscow Komega Plant expects to produce several
consignments of new instruments for automating boiler units. One of these
is the EKP-T heat process regulator for new high-power boiler :units. (Fru-
nze, Sovetskaya Kirgiziya, 8 Aug 58)
The series production of electroacoustical regulators has begun in the
automatics shop of the Leningrad Reduktor Plant, which is subordinate- to
the Leningradskiy Sovnarkhoz. Ball mills of cement plants are being equipped
with
such regulators. Until now, the loading of these mills was done "by
ear." Now the new regulators serve as "electrical ears," and regulate load-
ing much more accurately and rapidly than was previously possible. (Moscow,
Sovetskaya Rossiya, 30 Aug 58)
An original automatic unit for controlling the loading and unloading
of friable materials in bunkers has been installed at the Tashkentkabel'
Plant, where it is used in the production of raw rubber. This automatic,
which utilizes radioactive isotopes, was developed at the Laboratory for
Industrial Application of Radioactive Isotopes of the Institute of Nuclear
Physics, which was recently founded at the Academy of Sciences Uzbek SSR
in Tashkent.
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The laboratory has also designed a universal radioactive regulator for
regulating the thickness, density, and concentration of industrial products.
This design provides a solution for the problem of automating the grinding
and classification of ore at the Altyn-Topkan Polymetals Combine. (Moscow,
Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 22 Aug 58)
The Groznyy Electrical Machinery Plant has produced experimental models
of stationary and portable radioelectronic instruments for checking the
quality of liquid fuels. They can check the sequence of petroleum products
being pumped in pipelines, detect impurities pumped into tanks, and auto-
matically turn off a pump when separating and,pumping petroleum products.
V. Roshchin, chief power engineer of the plant, said that it has also
manufactured a set of stationary remote control instruments (7). (Moscow,
Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 8 Aug 58)
(7) Photo available in source, p 3, top
B. Telemechanical Equipment
Leningrad plays the leading role in the USSR manufacture of telemechan-
ical equipment. The Leningrad Elektropul't Plant is doing important work
in this field. In recent years, the plant has developed up to 70 types of
telemechanical and dispatcher apparatus for electric power systems, includ-
ing long- and short-range telemetering apparatus, dispatcher boards and
-panels, and telemechanical panels. The organization of industrial produc-
tion of telemechanical equipment made it possible to telemechanize more
than 35 electric power systems within a very short time.
Dispatcher boards and telemechanical apparatus produced at the Elekt-
ropul't Plant are installed in such large power systems as the-Donbassenergo,
Dneproenergo, Kiyevenergo, Chelyabenergo, Sverdlovenergo, and Rostovenergo
[Donbass, Dnepr, Kiev, Chelyabinsk, Sverdloxsk, and Rostov electric power
administrations]. The control and regulation systems of the Kuybyshev Hydro-
electric Power Station and the Kuybyshev-Moscow Power Transmission Line have
been telemechanized.
There is a great demand for telemechanical equipment from enterprises
of the chemical, gas, metallurgical, petroleum, and coal industries, _as
well as from water resources organizations and city electric transport sys-
tems. Orders have come from the Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk, and Karaganda
metallurgical plants; the Lisichansk, Stalinogorsk, and Chirchik chemical
combines; construction administrations of the irrigation systems of the
Tadzhik, Kirgiz, and Uzbek SSR; and the construction workers of the
Stavropol'-Moscow gas line and the Moscow Subway.
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However, many orders have to be turned down now, since there is not
enough telemechanical apparatus to go around. It is expected that the 1965
need for this apparatus will be approximately 12 times the 1957 level. It
is obvious that Gosplan USSR should take immediate measures for expanding
the production of telemechanical equipment.
It is wholly possible to increase the production of telemechanical
apparatus at existing plants, including the Elektropul't plant. However,
the plant's premises have to be reconstructed; if this were done, it
could triple its output. It is the duty of the Leningradskiy Sovnarkhoz
to see that the plant is reconstructed; however, the plant has received
nothing but agreement from the sovnarkhoz, and nothing concrete has been
done to solve a task that must be started immediately.
The Elektropul't Plant is developing new improved telemechanical equip-
ment in which semiconductors are used on a large scale in place of vacuum
tubes. Many large industrial enterprises and construction projects are
very interested in receiving such equipment. However, preparations for the
production of the new equipment are proceeding under very difficult condi-
tions. The plant was not allotted sufficient funds in 1959 for acquiring
equipment and organizing an experimental section for contactless components.
The centralized production of contactless magnetic components should be
organized, since many plants producing automation equipment, telemechaniza-
tion apparatus, and computers need such components.
It would be a good idea if the Leningradskiy Sovnarkhoz took the
initiative in bringing the feasibility of specializing instrument-making
enterprises before Gosplan USSR. There should be a sharp definition. of
the products-lists of each enterprise.
Plant design bureaus, research laboratories, and experimental shops
must be enlarged. -- L. Shugayev, Chief Engineer, Elektropul't Plant
(Leningradskaya Pravda, 4 Sep 58)
C. Geophysical Apparatus
The Institute of Machine Studies and Automatics of the Academy of
Sciences Ukrainian SSR has designed the new type ETA-1 instrument for pro-
specting. In contrast to existing instruments, it uses transistors, which
are powered by one flashlight battery. It has been put into series pro-
duction.
The institute has also designed the type IMA-2 magnetometer, which
operates even=when it is being moved. It is now in production at a Lenin-
grad plant. (Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 30 Jul 58)
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Explorers need an instrument for the rapid and precise determination
of the depth of an oil-bearing stratum. Leningrad -scientists and oil
workers of the Tatarskaya ASSR are cooperating in this matter. Physicists,
in collaboration with engineers of the Krasnyy Khimik Plant, and species-
.lists of the Institute of Applied Chemistry have developed an instrument
for finding oil. The industrial production of a luminescent compound which
glows under the influence of neutrons has been started. This compound was
developed by Timofeyeva, a scientific worker of a laboratory of the Lenin-
grad Optical Institute.
The first oil-exploration unit, the RKLS-57, was produced by the Mos-
cow Neftepribor Plant. Experimental operation of this unit has shown that
it determines the depth of oil-bearing strata rapidly and accurately. (Mos-
cow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 15 Aug 58)
The Leningrad Geologorazvedka Plant has begun the series production
of the RVS-l radiometer for high-speed prospecting for mineral deposits.
This instrument, which was developed by the Leningrad Design Bureau of the
Ministry of Geology and Mineral Conservation USSR under the leadership of
leading designers A. Si Kudryashev and V. P. Porfirov, is installed on MI-1
and KA-15 light helicopters. It consists of a sensitive-receiver unit, an
amplifier-metering unit, a two-channel recorder, and a control panel. Its
electronic circuit assures stability of operation. The instrument, which
weighs 60 kg, operates by continuously measuring and recording the intensity
of gamma radiation. (Yerevan,Kommunist, 29 Aug 58)
The Experimental Workshops of the Main Geophysical Observatory imeni
A. I. Voyeykov have produced several series of modern instruments and
units. The most important from a scientific standpoint are the balance
meters (balansomer)for studying the heat balance of the sun. Several
hundred of these instruments are being used in the USSR, China, Poland,
Czechoslovakia, Rumania, and other countries.
The workshops have produced an experimental model of a new original
condensation hygrometer for measuring atmospheric humidity. This instru-
ment is on exhibit at the Brussels Fair. (Leningradskaya Pravda, 15 Aug
58)
D. Electrical Instruments
A. Saakyan, chief designer of the Yerevan Elektrotochpribor Plant,
said that his plant is preparing to manufacture high-voltage snap-around
amprobes for measuring currents up to 600 amps without breaking the cir-
cuit. Similar instruments with the same degree of precision have not been
produced before in the Soviet Union.
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The plant has designed microammeters.which have a measuring mechanism
with a magnet inside the frame. They will be used for special installations
in the radio engineering industry.
The plant produces several types of measuring instruments for India,
Vietnam, and other countries. (Yerevan, Kommunist, 5 Aug 58)
The Yerevan Elektrotochpribor Plant has produced a set of high-voltage
snap-around am.probes for measuring network currents up to 600 amps and volt-
ages up to 10,000 volts without disrupting any circuits. The new instruments,
which were developed at the plant, make it possible to combine safety with
high measuring accuracy. (Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta,
20 Aug 58)
The Kiev Tochelektropribor Plant has produced experimental models of
new type M-502 ammeters, milliammeters, and voltmeters, which are of
precision class 0.1. Until now, USSR industry has never produced such high
precision instruments. The new instruments, which were developed by plant
designers, are destined for important research laboratories. Soon their
mass production will begin.
In 1958, the Tochelektropribor Plant will master the production of 13
types of new electrical measuring instruments. It has begun series produc-
tion of precision class 0.5 laboratory instruments. It has also produced
dozens of relays for the automatic control of komsomol'-run blast furnaces
in the Ukraine.
The plant is now developing universal instruments utilizing germanium
semiconductors. These instruments will be used on a large scale in radio
engineering and electronics. The plant is developing, among other instru-
ments, highly-sensitive voltmeters with electronic systems, and an automatic
unit for determining the properties of materials. (Leningradskaya Pravct ,
9 Aug 58)
The Moscow Elektroschetchik Plant (Moskovskiy zavod "Elektroschetchik")
is a small plant founded several years ago which has a shdpless system of
operation. It is a producer of electric meters. Every 27 seconds, a fin-
ished instrument comes off the conveyer of its assembly section. Five workers
can test up to 1,300 instruments in 8 hours.
The plant has the first automatic meter-checkipg device in the USSR.
(Moscow, Moskovskaya Pravda, 17 Aug 58)
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Panel ammeters are produced on conveyers (8) at the Leningrad Vibrator
Plant. (Leningradskaya Pravda, 4 Sep 58)
(8) Photo available in source, p 2, top
E. Test Equipment
The Moscow Power Engineering Institute has developed and produced
several complex automatic electronic recorders (9) for measuring volt-ampere
characteristics of low-power electron tubes. (Moscow, Vechernyaya Moskva,
25 Aug 58)
(9) Photo available in source, p 2, top
A machine for analyzing both designed and installed relay circuits has
been developed by laboratory engineer P. Parkhomenko of the Laboratory of
Remote Control of the Institute of Automatics and Telemechanics, Academy
of Sciences USSR, under the guidance of M. Gavrilov, Doctor of Technical
Sciences. This is the best such machine in the world. It is compact and
analyzes 20 elements, whereas an'equivalent American machine analyzes only
4 elements. Whereas the Soviet machine can analyze relay circuits of any
complexity, the American one can measure only two-pole contact circuits.
The Institute of Automatics and Telemechanics of the Academy of Sci-
ences USSR, jointly with the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of
Electric Power, has developed a contactless remote control and signaling
system which has been operating successfully for 18 months in the system
of Mosenergo [Moscow Regional Electric Power Administration]. (Moscow,
PromyshlennoEkonomicheskaya Gazeta, 10 Aug 58)
4
The [.Moscow] Kalibr Plant series-produces instruments based on the
principle of a rotameter.
The Bureau of Interchangeability has designed and produced a pneumatic
instrument (10) with a water manometer and an experimental model of the BV-
884 pneumatic indicator (11). (Moscow, Avtomobil'naya Promyshlennost',
Nov 58, pp 38-39)
(10) Photo available in source, p 39, left
(11) Photo available in source, p 39, upper right
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Telephotometers were developed in the Design Bureau of the VNISI (All-
Union Illumination Engineering Institute) under the-leadership of engineer
A. M. Yudin. From 1953 to 1957, three series of model TF-1 and TF-2 (12)
telephotometers were produced.
Measurements of light distribution from various lighting optical sys-
tems, such as powerful searchlights, beacons, floodlights, and headlights,
were made with telephotometers at searchlight plants and at.scientific re-
search institutes. Some organizations are using telephotometers success-
fully for the study of transparency to light of the atmosphere. (Moscow,
Svetotekhnika, Dec 58, p 18)
(12) Photo available in source, p 18
Special Design Bureau No 1 for Weight Measuring Instruments of the
Leningradskiy Sovnarkhoz is developing scale mechanisms for weighing with
a precison to 0.001 mg and even to 0.0001 mg. Such scales are in great
demand.
The maximum capacity of these microscales is one gram. They are
equipped with miniature pans connected to quartz balances and can follow
increases or decreases in the mass of a substance while it is undergoing
chemical reaction. A change in the mass changes a specially created mag-
netic field. The final value is*retained and amplified by a special elec-
tronic unit and is transmitted to a mirror scale, on which a reading with-
ing 0.001.mg is taken.
The first USSR-made electronic microanalytical scales will be produced
by the Leningrad Gosmetr Plant. (Leningradskaya Pravda, 9 Aug 58)
Workers of the Central Laboratory of Automatics of the Ministry of
Construction RSFSR have developed an electronic recording polarograph.
Series production of this device has been started at the Leningrad Geologo-
razvedka Plant.
This polarograph is designed to perform qualitative and quantitative
analysis of materials, and is capable of distinguishing 0.0001 percent of
various components in a solution.
The laboratory has made 120 sets of these highly sensitive instruments,
many of which are used successfully at enterprises of the metallurgical,
chemical, petroleum, and food industries.
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An electronic polarograph was recently given to the Moscow Scientific
Research Oncological Institute imeni P. A. Gertsen, where it will be used
for the diagnosis of cancerous ailments in their early stages. (Moscow,
Vechernyaya Moskva, 4 Sep 58)
F. Plant Information
The Tartu Instrument Making Plant is the newest plant in the city. It
was created on 1 August 1958 on the basis of the Tartu AGE Plant and the
Tartu Termoavtomat Plant. The merger of the two plants has brought signifi-
cant benefits.
In August, the plant began the production of ignition inspection stands.
Its products are known beyond the confines of the Estonian SSR. In August,
a consignment of thermoregulator parts was sent to Mongolia. The same types
of instruments, but adapted for tropical operation, were sent to India for
installation at the new metallurgical plant. (Tallin, Sovetskaya Estoniya,
6 Sep 58)
The Tartu AGE Plant and the Tartu Termoavtomat Plant have been con-
solidated to form a large instrument making plant. This will reduce ad-
ministrative expenditures and allow a more efficient use of production space
and equipment. (Tallin, Sovetskaya Estoniya, 18 Nov 58)
The Frunze Physical Instrument Plant needs various workers for steady
employment. Applications should be made to the personnel division at ulitsa
Novo-Sovetskaya 79, Frunze. -- Advertisement (Frunze, Sovetskaya Kirgiziya,
30 Aug 58)
The Armavir Armalit Machinery Plant needs a metallurgical engineer for
the post of chief metallurgist.
The plant is located at ulitsa K. Marksa 72, Armavir, Krasnodarskiy
Kray. -- Advertisement (Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 30 Jul
58)
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VIII. PRECISION EQUIPMENT
A. Optical Equipment
The Experimental Optical Machinery Plant of the Administration of
Instrument Making of the Leningradskiy Sovnarkhoz has produced its first
series of type DD-3 differential range finders. These instruments are
designed for geodesists and surveyors for measuring the distances between
points.
The differential range finder was designed by workers of the Leningrad
Trust for Geodetic Operations and Engineering Explorations and by the All-
Union Scientific Research Surveying Institute jointly with workers of the
Experimental Optical Machinery Plant. The new instrument has received a
high rating from geodesists and surveyors. (Leningradskaya Pravda, 19 Aug 58)
The Moscow Television Center has been using various non-specialized
lenses, chiefly photographic lenses, for television cameras. Now, the first
group of television lenses has been made.
The manufacture of these lenses fully satisfies current demand. They
have high resolving power at large relative apertures. The Yupiter-200T
and Tair-3 lenses are particularly high in quality. The MIR-1T, MIR-2T,
Yupiter-8T, Yupiter-lOOr, Yupiter-200T, and Tair-11T have iris diaphragms,
while the OT-500, OT-750, and OT-100 have removable diaphragms which are
mounted in front of the lens.
Specifications of lenses used on television cameras are as follows:
Focal
Length
[mm]
Relative
Aperture
Linear
Field
of View*
Resolving
Power
[lines mm]
Center
age
MIR-2T
29
f:2.8
30
45
16
MIR-1T
37
f:2.8
40
50
16
Yupiter-8T
52.4
f:2
40
40
20
Gelios-40T
85
f:1.5
40
35
17
Yupiter-100T
100
f:2.5
4o
38
18
Tair-11T
135
f:2.8
40
30
18
Yupiter-.200T
200
f:4
40
38
30
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Focal
Length
Relative
Linear-,
Field
Resolving
Power
[lines/mm]
[mm]
Aperture
of. View* "
Center e
Tair-3
300
f 14-5
40
35
Two-element OT-500
500
fry
35
35
15
Two-element OT-750
750
f:5.6
40
32
16
Two-element OT-1000
1,00o
f 6.3
40
30
20
- Unit not certain
Coefficient
Coefficient
Brightness
of
of
Fall-Off
Transmission
Dispersion
Center to Edges
_IL__
c??
(%)
MIR-2T
75
3
55
MIR-1T
70
3
65
Yupiter-BT
86
2
50
Gelios-40T
75
6o
Yupiter-TOOT
78
3
30
Tair -11T
85
2
45
Yupiter-200T
82
4
20
Tair -3
87
2
13
Two-element OT-500
84
4
10
Two-element OT-750
58
Two-element OT-1000
58
4
5
(Source contains further information about
of these lenses and diagrams of three of them.
Televedeniya, Dec 58, pp 59-60)
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the functions and properties
(Moscow, Tekhnika Kino i
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The Krasnogorsk Machinery Plant has mastered the series production
of Tair-3 and Mir-1 camera lenses.
Lenses such as the Mir, MTO, Tair, and MR, which are produced by this
plant, were acknowledged to be the best in the world at the Brussels World's
Fair. (Moscow, Leninskoye Znamya, 2 Nov 58)
The Leningrad camera made by the Leningrad State Optical Machinery
Plant won a grand prize at the Brussels Fair. This is a high-class camera
with a Yupiter-8 lens.
The designing of the Leningrad began at.the end of 1955 and the first
consignment of t}e cameras was produced within a year. In May 1958, the
plant began the constant-flow assembly of this camera.
I. O. Shapiro, a designer of the plant's Central Design Bureau, was
one of the developers of the new camera. (Leningradskaya Pravda, 22 Aug 58)
In 1957, NIKFI (Scientific Research Motion-Picture Photography Institute]
developed the TK-16 television film projector. It is designed for projecting
16-mm sound film with either magnetic or optical sound tracks onto the light-
sensitive layer of Vidikon tubes for black-and-white or color television
transmissions. (Moscow, Kinomekhanik, Dec 58, p 24+)
During the third quarter of 1958, the Moscow Electric Bulb Plant will
begin the series production of the new Luch-57'electronic photoflash lamp,
in place of the obsolete model EV-l. (Moscow, Leninskoye Znamya, 30 Jul 58)
In reply to numerous complaints from owners of FIL electronic flash
units, Z. I. Poslavskiy, director of the Tallin Norma Plant, claims that
many of the defective parts and units are received from the Moscow Electric
Bulb Plant, the Voronezh Radio Parts Plant, the Tallin Tarbeklass Plant,
and the Tallin Esti-Kabel' Plant.
Poslavskiy states that during the coming year, the Norma Plant will
produce a new model FIL flash powered by flashlight batteries with a se-
lenium rectifier to permit use of 110-220-volt AC. The casing, handle,
and reflector are expected to be made of plastic. Another version of the
same model will be based on transistors. The price of FIL units will be
reduced from 700 rubles to 500 rubles during 1959. However, a long-re-
quested model with a movable flash head will sell for 700 rubles.
Engineers are designing a new model of an electronic flash which
will operate on current supplied by a generator. This unit will be con-
siderably smaller and lighter than those currently in production. A model
of the generator, which is expected to be produced by the Norma Plant
itself, is now being manufactured and will be tested later.
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Although the Tallin Norma Plant is subordinate to the Tallin City Ex-
ecutive Committee, it has been assigned the production of galvanized cook-
ing ware, jars for shoe polish, and jars for preserving various grains, by
Gosplan of the Council of Ministers Estonian SSR. The production of FIL
units is not planned by Gosplan, but by the planning commission of the
city executive committee. Consequently, the plant can get state funds
for only 40 percent of such materials as condensers, flash tubes, wiring,
moire lacquer, rolled copper, and aluminum sheet, and for only 3 percent
of its requirements of textolite. The plant must get the remainder of
these materials as best it can from various enterprises, which sometimes
means accepting scrap which does not meet specifications. (Moscow,
Sovetskoye Foto, Dec 58, pp 57-59)
B. Timepieces
The Leningrad Electric Timepiece Plant has manufactured a printer
chronograph for measuring time accurately to .0002 second.
The plant is now making a series of chronographs for use in Soviet
observatories to observe artificial earth satellites. Some of them have
been sent by air to Kishinev, Dnepropetrovsk, Tashkent, Vladivostok, and
other cities. The plant has sent two more printer chronographs to cities
in the Transcaucasus. (Leningradskaya Pravda, 21 Aug 58)
The Leningrad Electric Timepiece Plant has started production of a
clock which tells not only the correct time of day, but also the day of
the week and day of the month. This clock is powered by ordinary flashlight
batteries. Series production of these clocks will be started in 1959.
(Leningradskaya Pravda, 12 Sep 58)
A. Arutyunyan, director of the Yerevan Timepiece Plant, said that the
special production of watches made from gold, platinum, diamonds, and other
materials has been organized at the plant in accordance with a decree of
the Council of Ministers USSR. R. Kocharyan, deputy chief engineer of the
plant, is managing the development of production methods for the experimental
models.
The Yerevan plant will have manufactured its first experimental con-
signment of 500 custom-made wrist watches by the end of 1958. It plans
to produce 10,000 wrist watches in 1959 and 500,000 in 1965. (Yerevan,
Kommunist, 9 Sep 58)
The Chistopol' State Timepiece Plant has begun to produce a new type
of nautical watch with a high-precision movement. (Moscow, Komsomol'skaya
Pravda, 21 Sep 58)
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The Chistopol' Timepiece Plant has begun mass production of 22-jewel
Volna waterproof and shockproof wrist watches. (Moscow, Moskovskaya Pravda,
10 Aug 58)
C.? Firearms
The Tula [Arms] Plant has mastered the production of the new TOZ-21-1
and TOZ-21-2 hunting rifles. The TOZ-21-2 has provision for the use of a
telescope sight. The magazines hold ten 5.6-mm cartridges which feed auto-
matically into the firing chamber. These rifles weigh 2.5 kg. (Moscow,
Tekhnika Molodezhi, Dec 58, p 14)
The gunsmiths of Izhevsk are mastering production of a new IZh-58
double-barreled shotgun, which weighs 2.75-3 kg and costs 700 rubles..
Another new product is a single barreled, 16-gauge, three-shot auto-
matic shotgun.
Both of these guns will be made available to consumers in 1958. (Moscow,
Komsomol'skaya Pravda, 6 Sep 58)
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The Kaunas Elektra Electrical Machinery Plant is trying to organize
the production of new 14-kw electric motors on schedule. The plant is
receiving equipment from Moscow, Kishinev, Krasnodar., and other cities.
More than 20 of its workers have undergone training at the Yaroslavl' Elec-
trical Machinery?Plant.. (Vil'nuys, Sovetskaya Litva, 16 Aug 58)
On 2 September 1958, the Kaunas Elektra Electrical Machinery Plant
finished producing and testing its first 10-kW electric motor. It is in
the final stages of assembling a 14-kw motor. Soon the plant's products
will be sent to enterprises of the metalworking, textile, knitting, and
other industries.
Enterprises in Moscow, Kishinev, Krasnodar, and Sterlitamak have sent
high-power crank presses, vertical boring machines, lathes) turret lathes,
milling machines, drilling machines, grinding machines, and other machine
tools to the Kaunas plant.
By the end of 1958, the Elektra Plant will have produced at least
1,000 electric motors. In 1959 it will produce 10,000. By 1965, it will
be producing 320,000 electric motors per year.
The plant is having difficulties in obtaining enough cast iron. The
Lithuanian Sovnarkhoz ordered the Administration of Machine Building to
organized the supply of castings. However, Speychis, chief of this adminis-
tration, stated that it was not possible to cast parts at enterprises of
his administration.
The Administration of Supply of the Lithuanian Sovnarkhoz is slow in
seeing that the Elektra plant receives sufficient materials.
The Kaunas Litproyektas [Lithuanian Planning?] Institute is delaying
the production of blueprints for the reconstruction of the plant.
Oenrikas Vladishauskas is chief engineer of the plant. (Vil'nyus,
Sovetskaya Litva, 18 Sep 58)
The KD-30 cash register electric motor developed by engineers of the
Vil'uyus El'fa Plant is smaller and lighter than the AVD electric motor
developed by the Moscow Institute of the Electrical Engineering Industry,
although both motors are of equal power and are intended for the same
purpose.
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The difference in weight is only 200 grams per motor, but since the
El'fa Plant will produce 6,000 such motors in 1958 and more than 25,000 in
1959, thousands of kilograms of scarce materials will~be saved in manufactur-
ing the KD-30.
The KD-30 is simple to manufacture and has an efficiency of 60 percent.
On 30 July 1958, the El fa Plant finished assembling the first consignment
of these motors. (Viltnyus, Sovetskaya Litva, 31 Jul 58)
Products of the Vil'nyus E1'fa Plant are shipped to Riga, Alma-Ata,
Dnepropetrovsk, and other cities. The plant has a motor shop, where there
is a section for the assembly of DAO electric motors (13). (Vil'nyus,
Sovetskaya Litva, 24 Aug 58)
(13) Photo available in source, p 2, bottom
A plant in Armavir is the producer of DAG-1 electric motors. (Moscow,
Radio, Sep 58, p 16)
B. Fixtures
The Leningrad Elektrotekhpribor [Electrical Instrument], Elektroarmatura
[Electric Fixtures], and Liftoborudovaniye [Elevator Equipment] plants all
produce electric fixtures. These plants and other plants throughout the
USSR must work through the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Il-
lumination Engineering in Moscow, a lengthy complicated procedure.
All work in regard to approving products for production now done by
the Moscow institute should be transferred to organizations within the
Leningradskiy Sovnarkhoz. -- S. Butman, Chief Engineer, Leningrad Elek-
trotekhpribor Plant (Leningradskaya Pravda, 13 Aug 58)
Electric light fixture plants No 1, 2, and 3 of the Administration of
Local Industry of the Moscow City Executive Committee are merging into a
single Electric Light Fixture Plant No 1.
All claims should be sent to Plant No 1 at Oruzheynyy pereulok 17-a,
Moscow. -- Advertisement (Moscow, Vechernyaya Moskva, 26 Aug 58)
The production of electric fixtures has been considerably increased
at the Moscow Elektrosvet Plant imeni P. N. Yablochkov.
The Ardatov and Gusev plants have also started to produce such fixtures
and are steadily increasing their production.
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The All-Union Scientific Research Illumination Engineering Institute
and the Elektrosvet Plant are developing a series of lights made of uni-
fied parts for schools, hospitals, and other public buildings.
Inasmuch as electric bulb plants and illumination engineering fixtures
plants, are subordinate to many sovnarkhozes, the scientific-research work
in this field must be coordinated by the State Scientific and Technical
Committee of the Council of Ministers USSR. -- B. Lyubetskiy, Director,
Moscow Elektrosvet'.Plant imeni P. N. Yablochkov (Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ek-
onomicheskaya Gazeta, 14 Sep 58)
C. Cable
The first cable industry enterprise in the Azerbaydzhan SSR is being
organized in Mingechaur, a new industrial center of the republic. The
first stage of the new plant,1uit n as the Azerkabel' Plant, has begun the
production of aluminum cable 70 sq mm in gauge.
The personnel of the [Berdyansk] Azovkabel' Plant in the Ukraine are
helping the Azerkabel' Plant to install its equipment and to furnish tools
for the shops. Azerkabel' Plant workers were trained at the Azovkabel'
Plant. (Moscow, Trud, 6 Sep 58)
The Moscow Moskabel' Plant has begun production of cable on which 180
simultaneous telephone conversations can take place. The plant's low-
current cable shop has already produced more than 100 km of such conductors.
(Moscow, Moskovskaya Pravda, 9 Aug 58)
During the first half of 1958, the Moscow Moskabel' Plant failed to
produce a part of its planned quantity of aluminum-core cable. In addition,
it failed to produce 49742 electric flatirons. (Moscow, Moskovskaya Pravda,
29 Jul 58)
Products of the Podol'skkabel' Plant are used extensively in the
elec'trical industry,,, instrument making, and the production of radio and
television equipment. The plant consistently fulfills its plan and in-
creases its production. Its shops have high-production equipment and auto-
mation is applied extensively.
The plant has a new building, in which there is a mechanized cable
production section (14). (Moscow, Leninskoye Znamya, 8 Aug 58)
(14) Photo available in source, p 8
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The installation of a continuous vulcanizing unit at the [Sverdlovsk]
Uralkabel' Plant has enabled the plant to save about one million rubles
per year. An automatic constant-flow line for the production of rubber
compound has also brought about favorable results.
However, the plant facilities for transporting friable materials such
as carbon black are poor.
The plant needs electronic micrometers for the automatic control of
thickness and roundness of cable conductors in shops where they are being
coated with chlorvinyl.
Special attention should be paid to mechanization and automation in
the high-voltage power cable shops of plants.
Only intermittent lead presses are used in the USSR cable industry;
it is time for the cable industry to convert to continuous units.
The future development of over-all automation and mechanization in
cable plants must be promoted by the Scientific Research Institute of the
Cable Industry and by the machine building industry. (Moscow, Promyshlenno-
Ekonomicheskaya Oazeta, 18 Jul 58)
D. Batteries
The USSR coal industry is unsatisfied with domestically produced
nickel-iron storage batteries, which are used for lighting purposes. The
2-ShZhE'-15 storage batteries have too little gas space between the plates
and the cover: a total of 30 cu cm. This causes overconsumption of
electjabj and dirtying of charging units. According to data from the
Donets [Scientific Research] Coal Institute and Dongiprouglemash [Donets
State Planning, Designs and Experimental Institute for the Over-All Mecha-
.zatk A of Mines], almost 500,000 rubles is spent monthly as a result )f
the overconsumption of electrolyte.
The defects are not eliminated in new models.. Recently the Saratov
[Alkaline Storage Battery] Plant developed a plateless (bezlamel'nyy)
battery with self-contained charging. The gas space in this is also smaller
than normal.
There are other serious defects in storage batteries. For instance,
the 2-ShZbN-15.1 has caps made of thick nonelastic rubber. Its contact
unit is poor; the springs on this unit wear out quickly and the voltage on
the caps of incandescent lamps is thereby lowered.
These and other battery defects are responsible for greater numbers
of personnel working in the lamp [supply] divisions of mines.
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Battery manufacturers of the USSR should be ashamed of not using .
foreign know-how. Batteries made by Edison and by Freeman and Wolfe have
accurately gauged gas spaces; electrolyte is put in only once a week; and
these products are safe, convenient, and long lasting. (Moscow, Promysh-
lenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 20 Aug 58)
The Leningrad Leninskaya Iskra Plant is located in Zhdanovskiy Rayon
of that city. -(Leningradskaya Pravda, 29 Jul 58)
Aluminum plants are dissatisfied with the mercury converters produced
by the USSR electrical industry. Enterprises of the electrical industry
are still making such converters with efficiencies not exceeding 92 percent,
although compact mechanical rectifiers with efficiencies of 96-97 percent
have been used in foreign countries for several years.
The RMNV i,000.x 6 mercury rectifiers produced by the Sverdlovsk
Uralelektroapparat Plant in 1955-1956 have basic design defects. They are
not reliable in operation, even when they work at partial load. The recti-
fiers installed at the Ural Aluminum Plant have 450-500 flashbacks apiece
per month instead of the normal 18. -- V. Kal' chenko, Engineer, Adminis-
tration of Nonferrous Metallurgy, Sverdlovskiy Sovnarkhoz (Moscow, Prom-
yshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 20 Aug 58)
On 2 July 1958, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta carried an article
on diffusion welding in a vacuuum, a new method invented by N. Kazakov,
Candidate of Technical Sciences. The article stressed the necessity for
the widespread usage of this method.
On 10 July 1958, F. Trebin, chairman of the State Scientific and
Technical Committee of the Council of Ministers USSR, signed an order on
organizing a temporary commission for working out recommendations on
developing diffusion welding in a vacuum, and for introducing this type.of
welding in industry. The commission is to set up the basis guides for
scientific research and planning work on 'gelding in a vacuum; to determine
the branches of industry where diffusion welding is most useful; and to
prepare the proper recommendations for the permanent commission on welding
production of the State Scientific and Technical Committee of the Council
of Ministers RSFSR. (Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 23 Jul 58)
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Industrial electric furnaces in the USSR are produced by enterprises
in Biysk, Kharkov, Moscow, Leningrad, Novosibirsk, and Saratov. The
Novosibirsk Electrothermic Equipment Plant is being expanded with the
construction of additional facilities. The Saratov Electrothermic Equipment
Plant is being reconstructed. Furnaces for drying and heat-treating
electrodes are designed by the Spec,iai Design Bureau of the Moscow Elek-
tropeeh' Trust and by the Scientific Research Institute of the Cable Indus-
try. Branches of the Special Design Bureau of the Elektropech' Trust exist
in Kharkov, Leningrad, and Saratov.
It is about time to establish a scientific research institue of
electrothermy. -- A. Pchelintsev, Director, Saratov Electrothermic
Equipment Plant (Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 6 Aug 58)
The Kharkov Transsvyaz.' Electrical Engineering Plant of the Ministry
of Railways USSR is the producer of the KDRSh plug-socket type of relay.
(Moscow, Avtomatika, Telemekhanika, i Svyaz', Dec 58, inside back cover)
The Vinnitsa Electrical Engineering Plant has produced new type EV-3
electric spindles, which have speeds up to 10,000 rpm. The use of these
spindles by synthetic fiber plants has increased labor productivity 20-25
percent. (Kiev, Pravda Ulvrainy, 6 Aug 58)
The Minsk Instrument Repair Plant (Minskiy pribororemontnyy zavod)
has organized the production of heating fans and small table fans. Models
of these products have been accepted by the Chamber of Commerce. The
plant will produce 6,000 table fans per year; in addition, it will pro-
duce 80,000 transformers. (Minsk, Sovetskaya Belorussiya, 9 Aug 58
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