USSR ELECTRONIC AND PRECISION EQUIPMENT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-03107A000100020016-2
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 33
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 26, 1999
• Sequence Number: 16
• Publication Date: December 8, 1959
• Content Type: REPORT

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SQ)
USSR
ELECTRONIC AND PRECISION
EQUIPMENT
Number 16
8 December 1959
BY /----
000 fEY DATE ~~_- r--- "TYPE 1 ..1n--r---'
ORIG COMP .._--- ON EY CLASS -U
ORIG CLASS _A4_ -30--.3
AUTNI HR 10.3
JUST -- MEXT MY ------~
Prepared by
Foreign Documents Division
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
2430 E. St.; N. W., Washington 25, D.C.
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PLEASE NOTE
This report presents unevaluated information selected from
Russian-language publications as indicated. It is produced and
disseminated as an aid to United Sates Government research.
USSR ELECTRONIC AND PRECISION EQUIPMENT
Table of Contents
I. Problems of Automation
II. Local Production and Organization
A. Moscow City Sovnarkhoz
B. Moscow Oblast Sovnarkhoz
C. Moldavian SSR
D. Estonian SSR
E. Kirgiz SSR
Page
7
8
8
10
III.( Electronic Equipment
12
A.
Prices
12
B.
Bulbs and Tubes
14
1).
D.
Components
Radios
15
15
E.
Television Equipment
16
F.
Communications Apparatus
17
G.
Mine Direction Finder
18
IV. Computers
19
V. Instruments
22
A.
Electrical Instruments
22
B.
Instruments for Chemicals and Gases
23
C.
Manometers
24
D.
Level Gauges
25
E.
Furnace Control Instruments
26
F.
Remote-Control Equipment
26
G.
Miscellaneous Instruments and Apparatus
27
VI. Electrical Products
29
A.
Rotating Machinery
29
B.
Batteries
30
C.
Insulators
31
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I. PROBLEMS OF AUTOMATION
The necessary initial ingredients for the automation of highly complex
processes now exist. However, it would be a mistake to assume that there
are no more grave difficulties on the road to automation. A number of very
serious impediments must be overcome to achieve over-all automation. The
main obstacles of purely technical character are as follows:
A shortage of measuring equipment
An automatic unit deprived of measuring instruments,is "deaf and
blind," and cannot react to changes in the production process. In many
cases, its operation cannot be controlled. The amount of measuring equip-
ment available nowadays is absolutely insufficient.
A low level of mechanization, absence in many cases of performing
mechanisms, and the performance of manual operations in some cases
Unsuitability of installations or industrial processes for automation
A number of processes in present-day production would be very
difficult to automate. Sometimes a process has to be changed radically
in order to adapt it for automation. In addition, installations today
are sometimes calculated for the limited capabilities of a human operator
using manual control. Therefore, their automation cannot bring about any
significant rise in equipment productivity.
Insufficient reliability of present-day computing devices under
production conditions
Present-day electronic equipment in many cases operates reliably
enough, but in many other cases its operation leaves much to be desired.
Most successes achieved in the development of more reliable computing
equipment based on semiconductors make it possible to hope that in the
near future, the. reliability of computing equipment will no'longer be a
prime obstacle to automation.
Insufficient development of the theory of automatic control
Despite the great successes achieved in recent years, in m my cases exist,
ing theory cannot show how to construct the algorithms of optimum control
and how to carry out a synthesis of a relatively simple and sufficiently
precisely operating system of control according to a specified algorithm.
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Today, theory is often a bottleneck in the development of automation. More
attention must be paid to theory. -- Prof A. A. Fel'dbaun., Doctor of
Technical Sciences (Avtomatizatsiya Proizvodstva (Automation of Production),
Moscow, 1959, pp 31-32)
The system of planning all measures for the development and introduc-
tion of new technology must be improved significantly if the problems of
automation and mechanization are to be solved. This includes planning
for the implementation of mechanization and automation in all branches of
the national economy and development of general industrial-type mechanization
and automation equipment.
Till now, the introduction of new technology, and mechanization and
automation equipment especially, was hardly reflected in the state plan
for the development of the national economy; therefore, there was no pro-
vision for sufficient materials to back it up. In other words, until now,
there was no 7-year plan for the introduction of mechanization and automation,
and annual plans on this matter were developed only on a republic level.
A number of the most important types of mechanization and automation equip-
ment were not included in the products-list plans for the development of the
national economy.
The remedying of these deficiencies will have a profound influence on
the introduction of mechanization and automation, and will facilitate a
higher. growth in the output of instruments and automation equipment.
These and'other deficiencies impeding the growth of technology in the
USSR were discussed at the June Plenum of the Central Committee CPSUe The
resolution of the plenum shows that many sovnarkhozes, enterprises, and
scientific research organizations are not fulfilling their assignments for
the development and implementation of advanced technology, for the produc-
tion of new types of products, and for the modernization of obsolete equip-
ment.
Some economists, engineers, and technicians are hampered by conservatism
and are unwilling to overcome the difficulties connected with the introduc-
tion of new technology. Many leaders lack "state-mindedness" in their
approach. to the solution of problems concerning the technical improvement
of production. The principle of material self-Interest of the workers is
applied much too infrequently in the development of new technology and its
rapid Introduction in production. Workers of enterprises implementing new
technology sometimes receive much lower wages than those of enterprises
producing obsolete equipment.
At present, Gosplan USSR has developed detailed measures for straight-
ening out the planning of the most important work in the development and
implementation of new technology and for backing up this work with the
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necessary material resources. Along with the plan for these important
measures, it is also necessary to spur on the initiative of sovnarkhozes,
enterprises, design bureaus, and scientific research organizations.
Tasks concerning the future reconstruction and re-equipping of
existing enterprises, over-all mechanization and automation of production,
and further development of specialization and cooperation in the national
economy, which were set up by the June Plenum of the Central Committee
CPSU, require that many questions of a purely organizational character be
cleared up. An intense day-by-day struggle must be carried on for ful-
filling all resolutions of the Central Committee CPSU and the Council of
Ministers USSR to make sure that all measures for promoting and accelerating
technical progress are put into effect on schedule in all branches of the
national economy.
The construction of many instrument plants is taking place at an in-
ordinately slow rate. In some republics, sovnarkhozes that did not meet
their original deadlines for putting new plants into operation have been
granted extensions. For example, the deadline for putting an instrument-
making plant into operation in the Kazakh SSR has been extended for an addi-
tional 7 years for no good reason whatsoever. Such a decision fails com-
pletely to meet the task of concentrating capital funds and is extremely
detrimental to work on automation.
Other sovnarkhozes are fully successful in getting their construction
work done., and in putting new types of instruments and regulators into pro-
duction.
The sovnarkhozee that fail to maintain the needed rates of construction
of instrument plants do not lack the material means possessed by the others,
such as the Kallizhskiy, Kirgiz, and Orlovskiy sovnarkhozes. All they lack
is an understanding of the importance of instrument making in technical pro-
gress. In some lagging sovnarkhozes, state discipline is disrupted by some
of the leading officials. Such a situation cannot continue because it
interferes with automation. In certain cases, even: small tasks .connected
with the introduction of automation are delayed considerably because of a
shortage of instruments and regulators. For example, automation equipment,
has been in the process of installation at the Drokivskiy Sugar Mill for
about 3 years. This in turn delays the reception of experimental data for
developing standard automation systems for the sugar industry.
The initiative of the Leningradskiy Sovnarkhoz, which pledged before
the Plenum of the Central Committee CPSU to produce an additional one
billion rubles' worth of instruments for aiding automation, should be en-
couraged. This initiative is proof of the enormous potential for an in-
creased production of instruments and regulation equipment in other sovnar:-
khozes.
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Parts standardization leads to increased labor productivity. Many
branches of industry, including certain scientific research institutes and
design bureaus, still develop their own individual instruments and auto-
mation equipment and plan their own automation systems. It is time to
standardize automation systems as much as possible for individual branches
of industry, and to eliminate parallelism in the development of new de-
signs.
The decisive role in this matter should be played by main scientific
research institutes, which are far from exhausting their capacities. Most
of the institutes not only fail to show initiative in coordinating their
projects and standardizing their products, but also try to avoid this
work, considering-it not obligatory for them.
Certain institute workers think that standardization problems are to
be solved somewhere else, by other people. As a result, more than ten
institutes and design bureaus are developing pH meters simultaneously.
Scientific research institutes concerned with instrument making should
improve their work. This is particularly applicable to NIlTeplopr;Lbor (All-
Union Scientific Research Institute of Thermal Power Engineering Instrument
Making), which finished developing a pneumatic standard-unit system about 3
years ago and thereby created a regulation system that unconditionally met
present-day technical requirements. However, NIITeplopribor has failed to
finish developing the required number of transmitters to operate with the
standard-unit regulators. This not only lowers the technical value of the
entire system of pneumatic regulators, but also devaluates considerably
all work. done previously. The institute is slow in developing the new
equipment because it lacks the capability to finish the work; however, the
institute's leadership fails to manifest initiative in having plant design
bureaus and newly organized institutes of sovnarkhozes help it to finish
its projects.
The separatist activities of individual institutes do not provide
needed results. The serious deficiencies in coordination and planning
of scientific research work are detrimental to the cause of automation.
Scientific research institutes do not make sufficient use of the
capacities of higher schools. The special chairs and laboratories of many
educational institutes are staffed with highly skilled scientists. Efforts
should be made to utilize the work done by these institutes in solving pro-
blems concerning the over-all progress and development of instrument making.
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In developing new automation equipment and instruments, not only USSR
achievements, but also the highest achievements of other socialist countries
should be taken into account. The existence of the Council of Mutual
Economic Aid proffers ample opportunities for this, but unfortunately, these
opportunities have scarcely been used by our designers.
One of the leading instrument-making design bureaus [GSOKB -- State
All-Union Special Design Bureau, PO Box 472, Leningrad], which has many ex-
perienced workers, is doing much valuable developmental work and enjoys
well-deserved recognition. However, A. A. Andreyev, the director of this
design bureau., has one glaring fault: overconfidence in himself. He
thinks that all the designs made under his leadership are the best, but this
is far from true. The design bureau of the Karl Marx Plant [GEB "Karl Marx"
Messgeraete and Armaturenwerk, Magdeburg) in the GDR, which operated for a
while using blueprints received from the design bureau headed by Andreyev,
was forced to develop and produce its own universal electronic recording
instrument; this instrument was vastly superior to the EPP-09 developed by
Andreyev. The main advantages of the German-made recording instrument are
its simplicity, reliability, universality, and low weight. It weighs only
half as much as the EPP-09.
Two conclusions may be drawn from the above: First, a designer should
not divorce himself from the consumer. He should pay greater attention to
the opinions of plant design bureaus and plant technologists. Second, a
leading designer should be responsible for the technical level of products
and should not consider himself above responsibility for the utilization of
poor semifinished products, individual units, and parts received under inter-
plant cooperation.
The Karl Marx Plant did us a favor in ishowing that it was able to uti-
lize a new reversible motor, which made it possible to greatly simplify the
entire kinematic system of the measuring instrument. This small exem le
graphically illustrates how important it is to continuously study the activi-
ties of ancillary organizations and how harmful excessive self-confidence
and complacency can be.
Along with the expansion of scientific research and experimental design
organization, and with the creation,of experimental facilities for them, it
is necessary to provide for a single technical policy and to intensify the
coordination of work in developing automation equipment and instruments.
Plant laboratories, special design bureaus, branch scientific research
institutes, scientists from higher educational institutes, and institutes
of the Academy of Sciences should work together harmoniously toward this
end.
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The great opportunities afforded by electronic technology in automat-
ing production processes necessitates the development of a special plan
for implementing electronic technology in all branches of the national
economy. The Plenum of the Central Committee CPSU assigned the compilation
of such a plan to GosplanUSSR, the State Committee for Automation and
Machine Building of the Council of Ministers USSR, and the State, Committee
for Radioelectronics of the Council of Ministers USSR.
The GNIK (State Scientific and Technical Committee of the Council of
Ministers USSR) and the State Committee for Automation and Machine Building
of the Council of Ministers USSR, utilizing the tentative plans of union
republics, sovnarkhozes, ministries, and departments as a basis, are work-
ing out assignments for the most important work in the development of new
technology. Engineers and technicians as a whole should join in this work
and consider it their duty to help the GNZK as much as possible.
At present, the GNTK is preparing materials on standardizing output
signals of transmitters for automatic control and regulation systems. This
work is one of the elements of a single technical policy in the development
of new instruments and automation equipment. (Moscow, Priborostroyeniye,
Aug 59, pp 1-3)
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A. Moscow City Sovnarkhoz
The Moscow Energopribor Plant overfulfilled its plan for the first
half of 1959 and has finished its August 1959 plan ahead of schedule.
Recently, it began the production of the MARS-200 control computer, which
simultaneously controls temperature, flow, vacuum, and other indexes of
a production process at 200 points.
The Energopribor Plant has been in existencefor more than 15 years,
it has specialized in the production of complex instruments and apparatus,
mainly for the automation and mechanization of electric power stations and
systems. The plant has produced automatic repeater switches for 400- and
500-kw transmission lines, differential high-frequency protective equipment,
microsecond meters, complex tools for finding breakdowns in cable networks,
and other equipment. Almost all its products are based on electronics.
However, the Moscow City Sovnarkhoz has been saddling the plant with
the manufacture of simple products, such as vending machine coin boxes,
strain gauges, and strain gauge diaphragms, which are extraneous to the
plant's production structure.
Recently, plant designers, in collaboration with the All-Union Heat
Engineering Institute, developed a contactless system for regulating the
machinery of thermal electric power stations. The new equipment was put
through industrial testing, and power engineers requested that it be series
produced as soon as possible. However., planning organs, with the consent
of the Moscow City Sovnarkhoz intend to have this equipment produced at a
performing mechanisms plant under construction in Cheboksary even though
it could be produced more readily by the Energopribor Plant, which developed
the equipment and could continue with the parallel development of modifi-
cations of contactless regulators for chemical water purification and other
power station services. The Energopribor Plant could also revise old regu-
lators now installed at power stations. However, it is being prevented,
from fulfilling this great and important work.
The Energopribor Plant makes gauges for measuring moisture content in
insulation. Two years ago, the All-Union Scientific Research Institute
of Electric Power developed a new, more effective electronic insulation,
moisture content gauge, the YeV. The Energopribor Plant is obviously better
suited for producing this gauge, however, the Moscow City Sovnarkhoz
stubbornly refuses to include its production in the plant's plan.
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The Energopribor Plant should produce only electrqnic equipment for
power systems and should not be forced to produce simple types of products
not conforming to its production structure. (Moscow, Promyshlenno-
Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 30 Aug 59)
B. Moscow Oblast Sovnarkhoz
I. Almazov is chief of the Independent Design. And Technolgical Bureau
for. Planning Glass Instruments and Apparatus (Samostoyetel'noye konsstruktorsko-
tekhnologicheskoye byuro po proyektirovaniyu priborov i apparatov iz stekla),
which is helping the Klin Thermometer Plant and the Moscow Oblast Sovnarkhoz
put improved thermometers into production.
The Klin Thermometer Plant produces hundreds of types of mercury
thermometers and mercury switches for various industrial and agricultural
purposes.
A group of specialists of the instrument division of the bureau has
been studying USSR and foreign thermometers, resistance thermometers and
thermocontactors, and mercury switches. USSR industry produces industrial
and laboratory thermometers with maximum ranges of up to 500 degrees centi-
grade.. Foreign-made thermometers have maximum ranges of up to 800 degrees
centigrade.
The bureau's glass division and its thermometer laboratory have de-
veloped new thermometers with maximum ranges of 600 degrees centigrade. In
1959-1961,'the bureau intends to develop and introduce into production ther-
mometers with maximum ranges of 1,000-1,100 degrees centigrade, and thus it
will surpass anthing achieved abroad. The glass division, under the leader-
ship of Romashechkina, is also developing color enamels which will fuse
well with glass.
The bureau and the Klin Thermometer Plant,:are doing their utmost to
develop and. produce superior thermometers, thermocontactors, and other
instrutrients.. (Moscow, Krasnoye Znamya, 30 Aug 59)
C. Moldavian SSR
A year or two ago, there were no electrical engineering plants in the
Moldavian SSR; there are now 18, of which 10 are in operation and turning
out products.
The Bendery Moldavkabel' Plant ships cable and lighting cord to many
regions of the USSR. The Kishinev Mikroprovod Plant has begun the produc-
tion of hermetically sealed and nonsealed mtcrowire, which is used in
computers, radio equipment, and machines, and is sent to scientific research
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institutes of Kiev, Moscow, and Leningrad. The Kish .ev Electrical Measuring
Instrument;Plant has-begun the production of oscillographs, which are used
for recording many oscillations and vibrations occurring simultaneously in
various parts of Sachines and units. These instruments are being used. on
an ever wider scale in various branches of industry, especially machine
building.
At the end of 1959, the Kishinev Elektrotochpribor Plant [Kishinevskiy
zavod "Elektrotochpribor"] will turn out its first products, radioelectronic
instruments. It will produce high-precision magnetic and ultrasonic flaw
detectors and will be the main mass producer of these instruments in the
USSR. The [Kishinev] Electrical Machinery Plant imeni Kotovskiy, the
Bel'tsy Electric Fixtures Plant (Belttskiy zavocl elektroosvetitel'noy
armatury), and the Orgeyev Electrical Installation 'Products Plant
(Orgeyevskiy-zavod elektroustanovochnykh izdeliy are already in operation
and turning out products. Preparatory work is being conducted for the
establishment of a transformer plant, the Moldavizolity [Moldavian In-
sulation Materials?] Plant, an electrothermic equipment plant, and others.
Plants currently under construction are being supplied with modern equip-
ment; existing plants will undergo continuous technical improvement.
The system of training workers, engineers, and technicians must be re-
vised in the Moldavian SSR to satisfy the requirements of this new branch
of industry.
(Source gives details on how the training system is being adapted
to suit the requirements of the electrical and instrument making industries.)
(Kishinev, Kommunist Moldavii, Sep 59, p 74)
The Tiraspol' Mikrodvigatel' Plant has started assembly of its first
consignment of 0.18-kw "Elektromalyshka" miniature electric motors, which
will soon go into production.
The.Bendery Electric Crane Equipment Plant (Benderskiy zavod
elektrokranovogo oborudovaniya), which recently vent into operation, has
mastered the production of seven types.of products in 2 months, including
hoisting cranes and current collector resistors. This plant supplies
products to 45 enterprises and construction sites in the USSR and fills
orders for electric crane equipment for several foreign countries.
The Soroki Elektrobytpribor Plant has expanded the assortment of
its products and has started production of electric flatirons with auto-
matic heat control.
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Among the products being produced by the fast-growing electrical
engineering industry of the Moldavian SSR are precision electric measur?n~
devices, motors, microwire, and household instruments. (Kishinev, Sovetskaya
Moldaviya, 5`.Sep 59)
D. Estonian SSR
At the Tartu Instrument Making Plant, the workers maintain a high class
of operations, precision,.and technical competence, but there is insuf-
ficient effort devoted to improving the design of instruments.
However, the Administration of Machine Building of the Estonian
Sovnarkhoz is to blame, for there are many shortcomings in the organization
of material and technical supply to the plant.
Furthermore, as at other plants of the city, inteashop and intershop
transport are poorly developed here, and this is all the more ridiculous
in that the shops of the Tartu Instrument Building Plant are located at
separate points throughout the city.
Ovsyannikov, director of the plant, complains that construction is
proceeding very slowly at a time when the plant sorely needs production
space and valuable equipment is standing idle. And although the plant has
modern equipment in operation, the plant laboratory does not have even the
simplest grinding wheel. (Tallin, Sovetskaya Estoniya, 18 Aug 59)
E. Kirgiz SSR
During its 18 months of operation, the Frunze Physical Instrument Plant
has put five new modern instruments into series production. In 1960, it
will begin the production of 17 new instruments.
The plant has tested and is ready to produce the new small type TSUM-1
universal centrifuge. It is also preparing to produce supercentrifuges with
continuous division of liquid mixtures, clinical centrifuges, and laboratory-
type refrigerator centrifuges with refrigeration chambers.
The plant is improving its earlier expensive paper electrophoresis
apparatus and will soon produce a cheap and simple apparatus.
In 1965, the plant plans to make a two-channel encephalograph, which
is used for determining the intensity of anesthesia during complicated
operations.
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The plant is also developing instruments for industrial purposes, in-
eluding the miniature type MESU-1 electronic level indicator, which has
already been tested and is being prepared for series production. It has
developed an experimental model of a two-scale electronic level indicator,
which will show the level of substances in two containers simultaneously.
At present, the plant is.d.eveloping a medium-power voltage stabilizer.
(Frunze, Sovetskaya Kirgiziya, 2 Sep 59)
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III. ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
The Central Trade Base of Posyltorg [All-Union Mail-Order Office]
offers the following radios for shipment on mail order:
Price (Rubles)
Rodina-52M radio, modernized seven-tube model,
complete with antenna and set of batteries 670
Rekord radio, five-tube, three-wave-band set
powered from 127- or 220-v circuit 339
Ural-57 radio-phonograph, six tubes, four-wave
bands, with two loud-speakers 9!t5
The above prices include shipping costs to the Moldavian SSR. --
Advertisement (Kishinev, Sovetskaya Moldaviaa, 22 Aug 59)
The Central Trade Base of Posyltorg offers the following radios for
shipment on mail order to the Lithuanian SSR.
Price (Rubles)
Rodina-52M radio
662
Rekord radio
336
Ural-57 radio-phonograph
938
The above prices include shipping costs to the Lithuanian SSR. --
Advertisement (Vil'nyus, Sovetskaya Litva, 23 Aug 59)
The Yenisey television set, which receives five channels, has a
screen picture size of 280 x 210 mm and is enclosed in a table-model
wooden varnished cabinet. It retails for 1,650 rubles. This price was
set by Gosplan USSR on 10 June 1959. (Moscow, Byulleten' Roznichnykh
Tsen, No 21 , Aug 59, P 15)
The Melodiya (m-56) tape recorder is designed for double-track
recording ` and' reproduction of sound from a microphone, a wired-radio
line, a radio receiver:; or an electrical phonograph pickup. It has
three dynamic loud-speakers. The tape speed is 9,53 and 19.05 cm/sec.
The set sells for 2,900 rubles retail, with the accessories and spare
parts provided for in the technical specifications. The selling price
was approved on 16 June 1959 by Gosplan USSR, and will ruin in effect
until December 1960.
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A-spare type DM-2 two-speed reversible 180-volt AC, 50-cycle induc-
tion motor for this tape recorder retails for 280 rubles. This motor
has an input power of 70 watts.-and speeds of 960 and 460 rpm. (Moscow
Byul,leten' Roznichnykh Tsen, No 21+, Aug 59, pp 23-24+)
The following retail prices for radio components were approved by
Gosplan USSR on 1 June 1959:
Price (Rubles)
Remote control set for Festival radio receiver .oo
Tone control set including two capacitors and,
two resistors for VEF-Akkord radio-phonograph
or radio-receiver
6NJAP duo-diode tube 17
KSO-11 mica-plastic capacitors 1.50 to'3.:2O
KBF capacitor units with impregnated paper
dielectric
4.3o
The following retail prices for Yenisey television set components
were approved by Gosplan.USSR on 10 June 1959:
Price (Rubles)
Correction choke
Power supply filter choke
14
Power transformer coil
28
Power transformer in set with type PM fuse
holder, and voltage switching block
55
Output transformer (audio)
10
(Masco r,:: Byulleten' Roznichnykh Tsen, No 24,
- 13 -
Aug_59,'\pp 13-16)
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The following retail prices for radio receiver are parts were
approved by Gosplan USSR on 25 June 1959:
Automatic frequency control for Festival'
radio receiver, in set with electric
motor and group of contacts
Volume control unit for Festival'?radio
receiver, including volume-control electric 1+
motor and remote control panel
Radio-frequency unit (medium-.and long-wave)
with three-key switch for Strela radio
receiver
Intermediate frequency discriminator (465 kc
AM and 8.4 me FM) for automatic ? frequency
control of Festival' radio receiver
Circuit block (short-, medium-, and long-wave)
for Festival' radio receiver (drum-type unit
with electric motor)
Price (Rubles)
148.00
148.00
3700
37.00
220.00
Output transformer for Strela radio receiver 6.50
Antenna filter (unshielded) for Strela radio
receiver
Filter (PChl or PCh2 transformer in shield) for
intermediate frequency of 465 kc, with two tuned
circuits, for Strela'radio receiver
Filter (FM-AMIII transformer) for intermediate
frequency of 465 kc (for AM) and 8.4 me (for FNS),
for Festival' radio receiver
(Moscow, Byu]leten' Roznichnykh Tsen, No 26,
B. Bulbs and Tubes
4.50
45.QQ
Sep 59) pp 12-13)
An air-conditioning installation has been put into operation in the
television picture tube, shop of the Moscow Electric Bulb Plant. This
installation maintains a year-round temperature of no more than 22 degrees
centigrade at a relative humidity of 40-60 percent. The ;Moscow Electric
Bulb Plant currently has a total of more then 580 ventilation units in
operation. (Riga, Sovetskaya Latviya, 17 Sep 59)
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The L'vov Electric Bulb Plant-has mastered, the production of new
television picture, tubes with diagonals'of 43 and 53 cm. The inside of
-these tubes has been metallized, thus improving the contrast and bright-
ness of the image. (Kiev, Rabochaya Gazeta, 17 Sep 59)
The Riga Electric Bulb Plant is one of the first enterprises in the
Latvian SSR to convert to a 7-hour day schedule of operation.
Two fully automated constant-flow lines received from Saratov have
been installed in the bulb assembly shop of the plant.
By virtue of improvements in technology and expansion of production
space, the plant is expected to nearly double its output of bulbs by the
end of the.Seven-Year Plan. (Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya.Gazeta,
18 Sep 59)'
C. Components
In Novosibirskaya Oblast, it had been planned to produce the same
kinds of radio components at several radio plants. When the plant was
revised, it was established that the specialization of one of these plants
would make it possible to automate its production and double its output,
and that it would be unnecessary to construct facilities for making these
products at the other plants. (Moscow, Promyshlennoye Stroitel'.stvo,
Oct 59, p 3)
The USSR radio industry has begun the production of type MBGO metal-
paper single-layer sealed capacitors, which are superior to the type MBGP.
(Kondsatornyye ustroystva v skhemakh releynoy zashchity i avtomatiki
(Capacitor"Units'in Relay Protection and Automatics), Moscow, 1959, p 46)
An assembly section of the subassemblies shop (1) of the Minsk Radio
Plant has started organizing the production of a new intermediate frequency
filter for television receivers. (Minsk, Sovetskaya Belorussiya, 13 Sep
59)
(1) Photo showing soldering operation available in source, p 2, bottom
D. ...Radios
The A-12 automobile radio, which is designed for installation on Volga
and Moskvich passenger cars, retails for 885 rubles without an antenna.
This price was approved by Gosplan USSR on 10 June 1959, and remains in
effect until 1 July 1960.
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The A-12 receives stations on the long- and medium-wave bands and
has fixed tuning to five stations. It is powered by the automobile-bat-
tery and is provided with the necessary accessories and spare parts in
accordance with the technical specifications. (Iscow, Byulleten'
Roznichnykh Teen, No 24, Aug 59, p 19)
The Baku-50 radio-phonograph has five wave bands: long-wave, medium-
wave, short-wave I, short-wave II, and ultrashort-wave. It has dual tone
controls, four dynamic loud-speakers, keyboard band switches, and a univer-
sal record player. It retails for 1,050 rubles in an imitation fine-wood
cabinet and 1,100 rubles in a fine-wood cabinet. (Moscow, Byullenten'
Roznichnykh Teen, No 24, Aug 59, p 19)
Engineers of the Riga Radio Plant imeni A. S. Popov have designed the
new Dzintars (Yantar') radio receiver, which utilizes printed circuits. and
has automatic tone control. Special shields for the treble and alto loud-,
speakers make it possible to direct the sound force laterally toward the
listener.
The Dzintars is much better looking than the currently produced Sakta
and Festival' radio-phonographs. The plant is getting ready to mass-produce
the new radio receiver. (Moscow, Sovetskaya Torgovlya, 25 Aug '59),
A group of designers of the Riga VEF Plant, under the direction of
Erigr A. Brach, have designed and manufactured a model of a new small port-
able radio based.on semiconductors and having an extension acoustical
system. This new radio is smaller than the tube-type portable Turist radio
receiver, and weight 2.5 kg. A record player can be attached. The new
radio may be powered by either a Saturn battery or ordinary flashlight
batteries. It will operate more than 200 hours on a Saturn battery.
This new radio, which employs a printed circuit, has eight wave bands.
(Dbscow, Komsoziol'skaya Pravda, 5 Sep 59)
E, Television Equipment
The Leningrad Plant imeni Kozitskiy is the developer of the Admiral
and Chempion'television sets. These sets will soon be mass-produced.
The Chempion will appear in stores at the end of 1959 or the beginning of
1960.
The Rubin-104 table-model television set has been developed in the
Moscow City Sovnarkhoz. (Moscow,` Sovetskaya Torgovlya, 18 Aug 59)
During the 2 years of its existence, the L'vov Television Plant has
produced the L'vov and the Lvov-2 television sets. The plant recently
sent several new domestically designed television sets to international
trade fairs in Czechoslovakia and France.
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The improved Lvov-60 and the small Trembita television sets will
be put into series production in 1960.
Another original set,:-,the Ukraina television receiver, has been
designed with a revolving screen. The new receivers are equipped with
automatic regulation of image definition intensity. (Kiev, Rabochaya
Gazeta, 13 Sep 59)
Prof S. Rempel', Doctor of Technical Sciences, and Engr V. 7ivitskiy
of the Ural Forestry Engineering Institute have designed a television
receiver for the Moskvich passenger car. This new set employs the cir-
cuitry and picture tube of the Start receiver and is powered by the car
battery through a semiconductor converter.
N. Permyakov, senior engineer and leader of the telemechanics group
of "Uralenergo" [Ural Electric Power Trust?] has designed a nearly ident-
,i;cal television receiver.and installed it in his Volga passenger car, in
which he has also installed a unique portable tape recorder. (Moscow,
Vechernyaya Moskva, 23 Sep 59)
F. Communications Apparatus
Engr L. Kupriyanovich of Moscow has designed the telephone of the
future, a small pocket-size instrument based on semiconductors and weigh-
ing 500 grams. It has been manufactured under the direction of G. Aref'yev,
production training foreman of Moscow Technical School No 1.
A small radio transmitter mounted in the telephone sends.signals to
an ATR automatic city radio station from any point within or near the city,
and signals can also be transmitted from the ATR to the radiotelephone in
the subscriber's pocket. (Moscow, Moskovskaya Pravda, 20 Aug 59)
The new Neva phototelegraphic device has been developed by the L'vov
Telegraph, Equipment Plant in collaboration with Leningrad designers. The
Neva is designed for transmitting photographs, tables, drawings, and
various text materials over long distances via aerial cable lines or radio
relay lines. A set consists of a transmitter and a receiver, and both
negative and positive images may be sent over it. The image is received
on photographic paper and'nist be developed. The transmitters and receivers
are not large, and weigh a little over 40 kg each.
In 196Q, the plant will start production of the Ladoga phototelegraphic
device for receiving maps and text materials in black-and-white and half-
tone images and for single-color reflection of the images on electrolitic
paper.
Series production of the Neva and Ladoga will be started during the
fourths quarter [of 1959]. (Kishinev, Sovetskaya Moldaviya, 18 Sep 59)
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G. Mine Direction Finder
The Krivoy-Rog Scientific Research Mining Institute has completed
industrial testing of a unique inbtrument, a mine direction finder, for
checking the accuracy of shaft development. This instrument employs the
principle of operation of a radio direction finder. It functions depend-
ably at distances within 100 meters and can be operated by any miner.'
(Kishinev, Sovetskaya Ildaviya, 18 Sep 59)
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The BESM high-speed electronic computer was developed by the Institute
of Precision Mechanics and Computer Technology of the Academy of Sciences
USSR. The M2 electronic computer was developed by the Power Engineering
Institute of the Academy of Sciences USSR.
The MN-8 electronic analog computer, which was made in the USSR, is
highly universal in scope of application and can be used for simulating
the flight of a spaceship. This machine can depict the interaction of
two objects and complex processes depending on a number of changing quan-
tities, and can even simulate the process of mountain formation during
future centuries.
In the USSR, electronic computer technology has become a powerful
means for scientific research. A large number of mathematical problems
and logical operations are solved by such universal electronic mathemati-
cal machines as the BESM, which are developed under the leadership of
academician S. S. Lebedev; the Strela,-which was developed under the lea-
dership of Yu. Ye. Bazilevskiy; the M2, Kristall, Pogoda, and MESM elec-
tronic machines; the IZ "integrating stars" machine; and many others.
In 1950-1955, the EM-5, EM-7 and EM-8 special electronic computers
were developed for solving the problems of efficient utilization of oil
'fields. The EM-6 electronic analog computer was developed to test the
strength of foundations of buildings.
Electronic machines are used for solving the problems of theory of
artillery fire, the theory of rigidity and vibration, problems of aero-
dynamics and ballistics, the passage of elementary particles through sub-
stances, and many other problems.
Electronic computers are being developed to select information or to
compile a bibliography on a given problem, to process census information,
and to plan production and supply on an over-all state level.
In 1954, USSR industry developed the special ATR-1 and ATR-2 special
analog computers, the former for calculating traction and the latter for
calculating thermal requirements. Both machines were developed to aid in
the planning of new railroad lines and new types of locomotives. (M. Ye
Zhabotinskiy and I. L. Radunskaya, Radio Nashikh Dney (Radio in Our Times)
Moscow, 1959)
Electronic analog computers are used for studying various high-speed
processes and give results in the form of graphs showing the relationship
between various values. Analog computers are used for studying the move-
ment of aircraft, the vibration of jet engines, and the control of nuclear
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reactions. If the weight, size, and engine thrust of an airplane are pro-
grammed into the machine, it will simulate its flight.
There is no kind of work whatsoever that an electronic computer could
not fully or partially automate.
An electronic computer for controlling train movements known as the
x"automatic engineer" is being tested on one of the suburban branch rail-
road lines near Moscow. This machine makes calculations based on the
nature of the railroad, selects a traction characteristic curve, and "com-
mands" the locomotive, thereby making it travel in a given direction for
a set period of time.
Scientists of the Georgian SSR have developed an electronic computer
for automating the operations of the blast furnace of the Zhdanov Azovstal'
Plant. An electronic machine is used for controlling the operation:' of
several resistance furnaces in a synthetic rubber plant. The machine meas-
ures temperature and pressure at 300 points.
A computing center is being developed in Uzbekistan.. An Ural elec-
tronic computer is in operation at the Institute of Nuclear Physics in
Tashkent.
Soviet scientists and engineers are developing. automatic units for
controlling the operating schedules of up to 750 oil wells. Systems are
being developed for the automatic control of petroleum pipelines, gas
pipelines, and irrigational networks, as well as for controlling the oper-
ations of oil refineries. -- Engr A. Vasil'yev-Chebotarev (Tashkent,
Pravda Vostoka, 22 Aug 59)
In 1958, the MARS-300 control computer for automatic recording and
signaling at 300 points was produced in the USSR. This machine was devel-
oped in the SKTB BFA (Independent Design and Technological Bureau for Bio-
physical Apparatus). (Ye. G. Dudnikov, Nekotoryye Problemy Avtomatizatsii
(Certain Automation Problems), Moscow, 1959, p 15)
One of the machines for automatic recording and singnaling (MARS),
developed by the design and technological bureau of the Moscow City.
Sovnarkhoz, has been in operation for about a year in the Moscow Krasnyy
Bogatyr' Plant. This machine aids in maintaining the proper time and
temperature of vulcanization in -8'electric presses.
The Moscow Energopribor Plant has organized series production of ma-
chines for automatic recording and signaling. (Ashkhabad, Turkmenskaya
Iskra, 17 Sep 59)
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The ELRU electronic logical recorder unit, which is used for regulat-
ing industrial processes, is no Jarge-e than a refrigerator. It handles
all data and prints them on special blanks. An operator no larger has to
keep a log book of a process. If a process is disrupted., the ELRU flashes
a red light and emits a shrill audio signal, which shows the operator where
the breakdown has occurred. The ELRU itself will re-establish the needed
process schedule.
The ELRU was developed in a division of the Scientific Research In-
stitute of Computer Machine Building headed by V. B. Ushakov, Doctor of
Technical Sciences. A group headed by P. N. Kopay-Gora, Candidate of Tech-
nical Sciences worked on the development of this device. Engineers Ya. I.
Grinya and G. A. Storozhkin participated actively in its development.
According to Kopay-Gora, the ELRU can be used in many branches of
industry. In the near future, it will be installed in the capron fiber
shop of the Klin Synthetic Fiber Combine. At first it will be used for
controlling the temperature at 48 different points. It will maintain
temperature very stringently and will eventually replace the ordinary
thermometers now used in the combine. (Moscow, Trud, 30 Aug 59)
During the Sixth Five-Year Plan, the Leningrad Experimental Comput-
ing and Analyzing Machine Plant will produce accounting machines for the
divisions of Gosbank and savings banks: ticket-cash registering machines
in railroad stations, city transport facilities, and spectator entertain-
ment establishments; and analog computers for the centralized accounting
of all financial operations. _c3?1_ac~stroyeniye i Priborostroyeniye
Leningrada v 1959-1965 (Machine and Instrument Building in Leningrad ;-,
1959-1965), Leningrad, 1958, p 15)
Many young people who have finished intermediate sc oo ar working
in Machine Shop No 1 of the Vil'nyus Computing Machine Plant. (Vil nyus,
Sovetskaya Litva, 30 Aug 59)
on the eve of the 50th anniversary of the Saratov State University
imeni N. G. Chernishevskiy, which will take place on 6 October, a com-
puter center has been established here, in which Ural universal elec-
tronic computers have started operating. The workers of this center will
be engaged in the further improvement of electronic machines, the devel-
opment of theories of their operation, and the search for new fields
of application for them. (Kishinev, Sovetskaya Moldaviya, 18 Sep 59)
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A. Electrical Instruments
In 1958, the instrument making industry of the Kiyevskiy Sovnarkhoz
mastered the production of a number of electrical measuring instruments
of a high-precision class:
The type BU-3 unit is designed for the magnetic testing of magneti-
cally permeable materia s-.with-a coercive-force up tc.2 rated magneti
up . c Uy moermeabie xpat r.als wth a eoeircivforce put t 8,500 oersteddss. and
ighly coercive mater a Is with a coercive
up
The U592 unit is designed for the laboratory measurement of capacity,
inductance, and the time constants of resistance on the frequencies of 500,
1,000, and 4,800 cycles per second.
The type M1103 sparkproof ground resistance meter is designed for
checking grounding in mines and on the surface, including areas where dan-
erous gases are present, in temperatures ranging from minus 25 to plus
0 degrees centigrade with'relative humidities up to 98 percent.
The type-B5OO electromagnetic-type phase indicator is designed for
determining the phase shift of current (E500/l instrument) and the phase
shift of voltage (E500/2 instrument) in relation to all three-phase volt-
ages of a network.
The R513 type MERP capacitance box consists of a four-decade box with
a total capacitance of 1.111 microfarads. Three of the decades are lever-
type mechanisms and the fourth is a variable capacitor. The R513 is de-
signed for use .n bridge circuits, and for general use in AC circuits with
freque cies,..o Q to 10y,000 cycles per~,second with a maximum operating volt-
ageo 30vots.
The type D57 calibration ammeters, voltmeters, and wattmeters utilize
electrodynamic systems of operation, are shielded. and portable, and have
a precision of .1. These instruments are designed for calibrating and
checking precision electrical measuring instruments and also for high-
precision measurements of amperage, voltage, or wattage.
The type E 59 voltmeters, ammeters, and milliammeters are shielded
portable moving-iron instruments with a precision class of .5 and are de-
signed for measuring amperage and voltage in AC and DC circuits.
The type D539 laboratory wattmeters utilizing ferrodynamic operating
system are single-phase, portable, shielded instruments with a precision
class of .5. They are designed for measuring wattage in 50-cycle AC cir-
cuits, and for 90-500-cycle AC circuits and for DC circuits as well.
(Source gives detailed info ation on these instruments and includes
illustrations of all of them.) (Moscow, Priborostroyeniye, Aug 59,
pp 30-33)
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B. Instruments for Chemicals and Gases
The Experimental Design Bureau of Automatics of the State Committee
for Chemistry of the Council of Ministers USSR has designed models of new
instruments for the chemical industry. The FI h-1 instrument, which is
currently being tested, employs a photoelement for detecting the slightest
change in the density of chemical solutions. It is designed for deter;
mining the concentration of a cuprammonium solution during the cleaning
of a carbon monoxide admixture from a chemical raw material.
The designers of this bureau have developed several types of instru-
ments for determining the presence of oxygen in potentially explosive mix-
tures of gases. The DPG-5--52 instrument and the type MGK-3 magnetic gas
analyzer both detect even the most insignificant admixture of oxygen. The
FKG-l instrument, which is used for checking the processes of synthesis
of ammonia, ethylene, and methanol, performs in 2 minutes the chemical
analysis which previously required 2 hours. Experimental models have been
turned over for industrial testing. (Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya
Gazeta, 4 Sep 59)
The [Khar'kov] Teploavtomat Plant has designed distribution units for
receiving pulses from viscous and gradually, solidifying substances, and
has begun series production of them.'
The type UVS-1 unit is designed for receiving pulses from viscous
and solidifying substances.
The plant has also developed and begun production of the type- UAS-1
distribution unit for receiving pulses concerning pressure from aggressive
substances.
(Source gives additional details on both instruments.) (Moscow,
Priborostroyeniye, Sep 59, p 30)
Many various modern analytic instruments have been'developed in the
USSR. The production of gas analyzers has undergone the most pronounced
development. A number of automatic and semiautomatic gas analyzers are
either being produced or being readied for production. Instruments are
produced for determining the composition of various gases in wide ranges
of concentrations of the measured substance, utilizing various measuring
methods, such as the thermochemical, thermal conductometric, electrical
conductometric, optical (including interferometric, photoelectric, and
optical-acoustical), magnetic, chromatographic, mass-spectrometric, and
others. Instruments have been developed which are based on ultrasonics,
selective ultraviolet absorption, radioactivity, and magnetic-nuclear and
magnetic-electronic resonance spectrometers.
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A large number of laboratory and industrial pH meters have been devel-
oped and are being produced.
Concentration meters based on various methods, such as the conductmet
ric, dielectric, optical, and polarographical methods, have been developed
and are being produced. (Moscow, Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, Sep 59, p 1)
The Institute of Geochemistry and Analytic Chemistry of the Academy
of Sciences USSR has developed three instruments for determining the con-
centration of boron in geological samples. One of these is used in the
laboratory, the second is for use in the field at great depths, and the
third is for use in determining the presence Of boron in topsoils.
All of these instruments employ the principle proposed by Academician
A. P. Vinogradov, which involves the nuclear reaction of a neutron with a
boron nucleus. The boron nucleus has the property of vigorously absorbing
neutrons.
The institute has developed the first depth instrument, which consists
of a steel sleeve housing a neutron source and a meter, As this device is
moved past a concentration of boron, the meter registers the rate of absorp-
tion of neutrons.
V. K. Khristianov of the institute has recently returned from testing
one of these instruments, the principle advantages of which are the speed
of analysis and elimination of the need for subsequent laboratory analysis,
thus permitting more immediate control of prospecting operations. (Moscow,
Vechernyaya Moskva, 8 Sep 59)
The ORB [Special Design Bureau] for Automatics of the State Committee
for Chemistry of the Council of Ministers USSR has developed the type DPM-,
piezometric densitometer, which was tested in the automation of the process
of extracting phosphoric acid from apatite by the sulfuric acid method.
(Source gives additional information on the testing of this instru-~
meat.) (Moscow, Priborostroyeniye, Sep 59, p 28)
C. Manometers
The types EPID and EPVI differential transformer instruments for re-
mote measuring systems are produced in large series by the Moscow Manometr
Plant and other USSR plants.
The Moscow Manometr Plant also produces the type MED remote manometr
with a differential transformer circuit and the RED remote flow-rotameter,
both of which have a precision of 2.5. (D. V. Svecharnik, Distantsionnyye
Peredachi (Remote Transmissions), Moscow-Leningrad, 1959, pp 43-44)
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The Moscow Tizpribor Plant produces the MB-410A ammonia recorder
manometer and the MVB-410A manometric vacuum meter. (V. B. Yakobson,
Avtomatizatsiya Kholodil'nykh Ustanovok (Automation of Refrigeration In-
stallations), Moscow, 1959 p 217)
The [Ihar'kov] Termoavtomat Plant is the producer of the TDDA, TDD-l,
and TRDK-53 manometric temperature transmitters. (V. B. Yakobson, Moscow,
Avtomatizatsiyya Kholodil'nykh Ustanovok (Automation of Refrigeration Instal-
lations), Moscow;" 19,59 p 84)
The Moscow Energopribor Plant produces type ChM-120 and ChM-150 mano-
meters, which utilize steel springs that make them unsuitable for systems
for regulating combustion processes. (Moscow, Energetik, Aug 59, p 13)
D. Level Gauges
Designers of the Moscow Fizpribor Plant have developed the IU-2 elec-
tronic remote-control level indicator for the remote control of various
technological processes in the cheiical and food industries. (Riga, Sovet-
skaya Latviya, 5 Sep 59)
The types UR-4 and UR-6 radioactive level gauges were developed by
NIITeplopribor [Scientific Research Institute of Thermal Power Engineer-
ing Instrument Making] and are now in series production at the [Moscow]
Fizpribor Plant. (D. V. Svecharnik, Distantsionnyye Peredachi (Remote
Transmissions), Moscow-Leningrad, 1959, p 61)
In 1957, the Design Bureau for Biophysical Apparatus (Konstruktorskoye
byuro biofizicheskoy apparatury) of the Moscow City Sovnarkhoz developed
the type lu-i capacitance level gauge. (D. V. Svecharnik, Distantsionnyye
Peredachi (Remote Transmissions), Moscow-Leningrad, 1959, p 50)
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E. Furnace Control Instruments
The Tallin Control and Measuring Instruments Plant has manufactured
an original installation for the radio measuring and recording of the
level of blast furnace charges. Plant testing of this new device has
already been completed. It functions on the basis of radioactive iso-
topes, and is designed to transmit signals to a computer which automat-
ically controls the operation of the blast furnace.
The plans for this new device were developed by the workers of
the Dneprodzerzhinsk Metallurgical Plant imeni Dzerzhinskiy, in cooper-
ation with the Central Scientific Research Institute of Ferrous Metal-
lurgy and the Ukrainian Institute of Metals. (Kiev, Rabochaya Gazeta,
3 Sep 59)
The OPPIR-09 optical pyrometer is series-produced in the USSR.
The precision and reproducibility of its readings allow a deviation
of 1-3.5 percent of the true reading value. This precision is satis-
factory for the requirements of many industrial processes.
At present, the design bureau where A. A..Andreyev is chief de-
signer [GSOKB -- State All-Union Special Design Bureau, PO Box 472,
Leningrad lii) has developed and produced the new type OPK-57 high-pre-
cision optical pyrometer.
The OM-57 has undergone state testing and industrial testing
with favorable results. The Kaluga Instrument Making Plant (Kaluzhskiy
priborostroitel'nyy zavod) expects to have it in production in 1959.
(Source gives full details on the OPK-57 optical pyrometer.)
(Moscow, Priborostroyeniye, Aug 29, p 29)
F. Remote-Control Equipment
Contemporary technology makes it possible to monitor the operation
of machines and mechanisms which are hundreds of kilometers distant.
No special communications lines are necessary; the signals can be trans-
mitted over high-voltage electric power lines or over telephone lines
without interference in the conversation. Such an apparatus is manu-
factured at the Leningrad Elektropul't Plant.
The design bureau of the plant has developed new, improved
systems which will soon replace existing ones. One of these, the TNCCh-2,
based on semiconductors, will be considerably more dependable than cur
rently produced systems. It will permit observation of current,, voltage,
capacity, and frequency, steam pressure, or the level of water-at dis-
tances of hundreds of kilometers. The plant has produced an experimental
consignment of TNCh-2 devices.
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The experimental workshop of"the plant yesterday completed assembly
of the first model of an even more improved system, the UTM--1, which
will permit not only the monitoring of 23 projects, but also the remote
control of 16 of them. (Leningradskaya Pravda, 19 Aug 59)
The Leningrad Elektropul't Plant is the producer of the VRT-53 and
UTB-55 remote-control and remote signaling units. Moscow, Elektricheskiye
Stantsii, Sep 59, p 86)
G. Miscellaneous Instruments and Apparatusc
.The [Saransk] Elektrovypryamitel' Plant produces the type AKI-5O
kenetron apparatus for testing power cable. (Moscow, Energetik, Sep 59,
p 26)
A new "flaw-detector car" has ,appeared on the lines of the Moscow
Subway. A special motion-picture camera installed in this car registers
a beam of light reflected from the rails as the car moves along at a
speed of 50 km/hr. Thus, any crack or other defect in the rails is re-
corded on the film as the car passes over. (Kiev, Rabochaya Gazeta,
18 Sep 59)
The BIV contactiess weight-measuring instrument has been developed
at TsNIKhBI (Scientific Research Institute of the Cotton Industry).
This electronic instrument has two ionization chambers: one contains
an isotope which radiates beta rays, and the other, a receiver of these
radiations. During the manufacturing process, the impregnated cloth
passes between these chambers and the impregnating substance absorbs a
certain amount of the radiation in proportion to the thickness of the
cloth, thereby permitting control of the process. The BIV instrument
has been successfully tested and is currently in operation in the Factory
imeni Nogin in the city of Kuntsevo.
This institute has also recently developed a radioactive level
measuring device based on this same principle of radiation absorption.
This device is used to maintain the proper level of cloth in the steam
chambers used in bleaching. A series of these level measuring devices
is being manufactured at the Moscow Tekstil`pribor Plant, and two of
them are already in operation at Cloth Printing Factory No 1. ''(Moscow,
Vechernyaya Moskva, 20 Aug 59)
The Moscow Tekstil'mashpribor Plant is engaged in the assembly
of electronic instruments. (Moscow, Moskovskaya Pradva, 3 Oct 59)
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The Institute of Technical Physics of the Academy of Sciences USSR
has developed a unique instrument designed for the study of instantaneous
processes, involving the appearance of light, such as explosions, elec-
trical discharges, etc. This is the LV-1, or "time magnifier," and it
will take pictures at the rate of 33 million frames per second. .(Minsk,
Sovetskaya Belorussiya, 2 Sep 59)
The Moscow KEW Motion-Picture Electrical Machinery Plant (Moskovskiy
kinoelektromeklanicheskiy zavod "KEMZ") manufactures and sells to all or-
ganizations and private persons the Mikrofot microfilm reading projector,
which projects the enlarged microfilm image either onto its own screen or
onto any other screen. -- Advertisement (Minsk, Sovetskaya Belorussiya,
2 Sep 59)
The Armavir Armolit Plant recently sent a 10-ton pointer-type
truck-weighing scale to the Kokhila Sovkhoz in Estonia. (Tallin,
Sovetskaya Estoniya, 8 Sep 59)
The new Kristall-K hearing aid is manufactured by the Moscow
Hearing-Aid Equipment Plant. It weighs 150 grams and has a transistor-
ized amplifier. It is powered by a small battery which is good for about
60 hours of operation. Special controls permit gulationc:: of` both
volume and tone. (Kiev, Rabochaya Gazeta, 18 Sep 59)
A design bureau of the. Armenian Sovnarkhoz has developed, the MEK
electrical performing mechanisms which utilizes a crank-type output unit.
This mechanism consists of a drive unit utilizing an electric motor and
an electromagnetic brake; a non-self-braking cylindrical reduction unit;
and a self-braking differential reduction unit with a maximum moment
clutch and a hand drive.
A type MO-0 contactor .and a type M592 panel microemmeter are
supplied with the MEK.
The Cheboksary Performing Mechanisms Plant of the Chuvash Sovnarkhoz
and the Sevan Performing Mechanisms Plant of the Armenian Sovnarkhoz are
preparing for'the series production of this mechanism.
(Source gives additional information and illustrations of the
MEK). (Moscow, Priborostroyeniye, Aug 59) p 28)
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A. Rotating Machinery
The Vil'nyus El'fa Electrical Engineering Plant has mastered the
production of the new DAI-1 single-phase induction motors with a capacity
of 11 watts and an operating speed of 3,000 rpm. They weigh about 500
grams.
These new motors will be used in medical equipment, ionizers, which
a Serpukhov plant has started producing and which are used to saturate
air with ionized particles of water. The first 400 of these electric
motors were shipped to Serpukhov a few days ago.
The production of 60-watt AD-50 electric motors with an operating
speed of 2,800 rpm has'been organized on order from the Liyepaya Machine
Building Plant. (Vil'nyus, Sovetskaya, Litva, 6 Sep 59)
In 1947, only a small percentage of the industrial-frequency
selsyns produced in the USSR were contactless types. In 1958, the over-
whelming majority of these selsyns produced in the USSR were contactless
types. The main direction of development of selsyn designs has been
toward either the over-all improvement of the original designs of con-
tact-type selsyns or the development of contactless selsyns, such as those
developed in 1938 by the VEI [A11-Union Electrical Engineering Institute]..
There are four main kinds of contact-type selsyns: those with
magnetic systems akin to those of DC machines; those with magnetic systems
similar to those of salient-pole synchronous machines; those with magnetic
circuits similar to those of synchronous machines not using salient poles;
and those with magnetic systems similar to induction motors with in-phase
rotors.
Selsyns of all four designs are produced in the USSR. The first
and fourth types are less reliable in operation than the others.
The types SS-192-135 and SS-195-150 industrial-frequency selsyns
are produced in the USSR. These machines weigh 62 and 65 kg, respec-
tively, approximately 80 times as much as the SS-*04 contact selsyn.
It is not surprising that selsyns such as these have not been put into
use on a large scale.
(Source gives substantial information on selsyns produced in the
USSR, the GDR, and other countries.) (D. V. Svecharnik, Distanthionnyye
Peredachi (Remote Transmissions), Moscow-Leningrad, 1959, pp 10, 136,
and 160)
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The Voronezh Electrical Machinery Plant has organized the mass produc-
tion of small one kg in weight) combination brush and vacuum cleaners for
cleaning clothing. (Kiev, Rabochaya Gazeta, 5 Sep 59)
B. Batteries
The Leningrad Leninskaya Iskra Plant is one of the few lagging enter-
prises in the city. During the first 7 months of 1959, output per worker
was 3 percent lower than in the same period of 1958, and only 98.8 percent
of the planned labor productivity has been effected.
Reasons for the lag cannot be traced solely to the mastering of
new production. For more than 2 years, the plant has been producing D-0.2
disk-type flashlight storage batteries, yet half of those currently pro-
duced are rejects. There is some question as to whether there is very
much need or demand for a battery such as the D-0.2, which must be re-
charged after only an hour of use and requires nearly 24+ hours to re-
charge.
During the past 6 months, the plant has hired 122 new workers, but
169 workers have left the plant during the same period. This large
turnover is explained in part by the heavy hauling required of workers
in certain sections of the plant where mechanization is not proceeding
according to schedule. However, this problem is receiving insufficient
attention from F. A. Prokopenko, plant director; M. F. Slobodskiy, chief
engineer; and G. P. Avdeyev, chief technologist.
A. F. Sapunov, chief designer of the plant, is primarily re-
sponsible for an "ailment" shared by plant designers whereby they do
not finish what they start. A. I. Kurochkin, the plant's chief mechanic,
is not disquieted by the limited enthusiasm with which the plant workers
approach the. matter of automation and mechanization.
At least part of the reason for last-minute rush and uneven
operation at the Leninskaya Iskra Plant is the sporadic supply. For
example, the Orsk Nickel Plant usually delivers nickel sulfate during.
the final 10 days of the month. The same applies to deliveries of
battery casings from the Kursk and Saratov rubber products plants, and
attempts to negotiate for earlier small shipments of casings from the
Leningrad Industrial Rubber Products Plant have met with no success.
The Leningradskiy Sovnarkhoz, however, maintains an attitude of dis-
interested observer in the matter.
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(Source contains more detailed information on the situation at the
Leninskaya Iskra Plant.) (Leningradskaya Pravda, 18 Aug 59)
C. Insulators
In 1958, the Armset' Trust [State Fittings and Insulator Trust]
organized series production of the type PM-4.5 small. porcelain suspension
insulator, which will be produced in place of the widely used type P-4.5
insulator. Iii the.next 2-3 years, it is planned to master the production
o small porcelain insulators with strength equal to that of the currently
used P-8.5 and P-11 insulators.
The Scientific Research Institute for Glasa, in-collaboration with
the All-Union Electrical Engineering Institute and the Lvov Polytechnic
Institute, has produced experimental models of small insulators made of
hardened glass, which are designed for a one-hour electromechanical test
load ranging from 4.5 to 20 tons. (Moscow, Elektricheskiye Stantait,
Apr 59, p 54)
The Slavyansk [Fittings and Insulator] Plant has developed the
PM-4.5 insulator, which meets the standards of the P-)+.5 insulator, but
has a structural height of only 140 mm instead of 170 mm. (Moscow,
Elektricheskiye Stantsii, Jul 59, p 74+)
The L'vov Glass Plant is getting ready for the constant-flow
production:)of type SP-4.5 glass insulators. (Promyshlennaya Energetika,
Sep 59, p 62)
A new high-productivity constant-flow line (2) for the production
of commutator ziicanite insulation material has been developed at the
Khot'kovo Elek,troizolit Plant. (Yerevan, Kommunist, 17 Sep 59)
(2) Photo available in source, p 1
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