DATA ON USSR EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-03107A000200020001-7
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 69
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 19, 1999
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: February 18, 1958
• Content Type: TRANS

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DATA ON USSR
EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES
Number I 18 February 1958
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DOO _ -_ _-_ REV DATE O=~~-'P 9y
ORIR COMP - OPI TYPE
CRIG CLASS PAGES _ _ HEY CL? 5S
JUST NUT REV ._ .0_~- AJJTH. HR 14.2
Prepared by
Foreign Documents Division
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
2430 E. St., N. W., Washington 25, D .C.
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PLEASE NOTE
This report presents unevaluated information extracted
from Russian-language publications as indicated. It is pro-
duced. and disseminated as an aid to United States Government
research.
DATA ON USSR EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES
Table of Contents
I. Chemical Industry
General
Agricultural Chemicals
Basic Chemicals
Dyestuffs
Pharmaceutical Production
Plastics
Rubber and Rubber Products
II. Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry
USSR in General
Caucasus
Ural-Volga Region
Ukraine
Central Asia
III. Ferrous Metallurgy
Production
Construction
Technology
Alloys
Iron Ore, Agglomerate, and Coke
Production; Scrap Collection
Deposits and Mines
Miscellaneous
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IV. Nonferrous Metallurgy
Production
Construction
Technology
Deposits, Mines, Concentrating Plants
Miscellaneous
V. Coal Industry
General
Donets Basin
L'vov-Volyn Basin
Georgian SSR
Karaganda Basin
Pechora Basin
Central Siberia
.Peat Production
Shale Production
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General
IMPORTANCE OF USSR CHEMICAL INDUSTRY IN ROCKET TECHNOLOGY -- Moscow,
Khimicheskaya Promyshlennost', No 7, Oct/Nov 57, pp 5-6
The recent launching of the artificial earth satellite has again
confirmed the opportunities for Soviet science and technology, includ-
ing chemical technology. Indeed, modern rocket technology makes very
important demands on a whole series of chemical products and materials
required in this field. The Soviet chemical industry is successfully
producing all the products and materials required of it for these pur-
poses.
Of particularly great significance in the USSR is the development
of the chemical industry from the standpoint of applications in mechani-
cal technology. About half of`the total output (in terms of cost) of
the Soviet chemical industry is required in the processes of manufactur-
ing and operating machines. The importance of chemical production in
this respect is shown most of all in the new branches of chemical indus-
try required in the new field of rocket technology.
NEW EQUIPMENT FOR ZINC OXIDE PRODUCTION -- Riga, Sovetskaya Latviya,
16 Nov 57
At the Chemical Plant imeni Mendeleyev the first experimental rotary
furnace in the USSR for producing zinc oxide has been put into operation.
The aggregate consists of a lined drum, a 150-meter pipe for condensing
the zinc vapors, a catcher, and mechanical filters. In contrast to the
ordinary installations, the new aggregate permits the production of zinc
oxide by a cheaper and simpler method, namely, the nonmuffle (bezmufel'nyy)
method.
Agricultural Chemicals
USSR FERTILIZER PRODUCTION INCREASES FAIL TO SATISFY REQUIREMENTS --
Moscow, Udobreniye i Urozhay, No 11, Nov 57, pp 26-27
At present, the Soviet Union holds first place in the world in re-
serves of potassium salts and exceeds all other countries in this respect
by a significant margin.
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During the period 1952-1955, the production of potassium fertilizers
in the USSR almost tripled. The Solikamsk, Berezniki, Stebnikov, and
Kaluga potassium combines are now producing about 850,000 tons of K20 a
year, but even this quantity does not completely satisfy the requirements
of agriculture in the USSR. Based on the norms recommended for various
agricultural crops, according to the figures of VIUA (All-Union Institute
of Agricultural Technology), the annual needs in potassium fertilizers
of USSR agriculture amount to 5 million tons.
"APATIT" COMBINE BEING EXPANDED -- Moscow, Sovetskaya Rossiya, 20 Nov 57
Apatite, a valuable fertilizer raw material for agricultural crops,
is extracted on the Kola Peninsula. To increase its production, the
"Apatit" Combine is being expanded. To transport the apatites for the
extraction area, a large tunnel is currently being constructed in the
mountain.
NEW TRACE-ELEMENT FERTILIZERS -- Riga, Sovetskaya Latviya, 16 Nov 57
The Rustavi Nitrogen Fertilizer Plant has mastered the production
of a highly effective compounded inorganic trace-element fertilizer. To
test the new product, the experimental shop at the plant produced more
than 4+0 tons of it in its pilot plant installation.
In addition to nitrogen, the new fertilizer contains calcium, mag-
nesium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, and other elements necessary for the
growth and development of plants.
The new product is superior not only as far as the content of trace
elements is concerned, which increases its effectiveness, but also by
reason of its reduced cost. As a raw material for its preparation, in
addition to nitric acid and ammonia, the untreated manganese ores of the
Chiatura deposit are used.
INCREASED AUTOMATION OF USSR FERTILIZER PLANTS -- Kiev, Pravda Ukrainy,
19 Nov 57
The assembly of two large chambers for the continuous production of
superphosphate has been completed at the Konstantinovka Chemical Plant.
The putting into operation of this modern equipment permits mechanization
and automation of production processes at the enterprise. This will per-
mit an output increase of inorganic fertilizer of tens of thousands of
tons a year and will improve quality considerably. In 1958, two more of
these aggregates will be installed.
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As a result of a complete utilization of available equipment, the
production of ammonium sulfate at the Yasinovskiy Coke-Chemical Plant
will be increased by 10,000 tons a year.
The output of inorganic fertilizer at the Gorlovka Nitrogen Ferti-
lizer Plant will be expanded. Here the construction of a system for
the production of granulated ammonium nitrate has been started. Hundreds
of thousands of tons of inorganic fertilizer will be supplied to agri-
culture this year by the use of a production waste, the open-hearth fur-
nace slag of the Azovstal Plant.
In 1958, the enterprises of the Stalinskiy Economic Region will put
out more than a million tons of various kinds of inorganic fertilizers
for agricultural purposes.
Basic Chemicals
ARGON OFFERED FOR SALE WITHOUT RESTRICTION -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-
Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 10 Jul 57
The Balashikhinskiy Oxygen Plant is selling pure argon to all or-
ganizations. No prior authorization is required. Address: Balashikha,
Moskovskaya Oblast. -- Advertisement
MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS IN INSULATION PRODUCTION -- Ashkhabad, Turkmenskaya
Iskra, 19 Nov 57
The development of many branches of industry requires considerable
quantities of high-quality insulating material. The Turkmen SSR is com-
pelled to bring such materials in from other republics. At the same time,
the republic has inexhaustible reserves of such raw material which could
be used for the production of insulation, namely, magnesium "n?yuvell"
and "sovelit."
The mineral waters of Cheleken, Nebit-Dag, and Boya-Dag contain from
2 to 3 kilograms of magnesium per cubic meter. The simplicity of the
technology involved will permit the establishment of insulating magnesium
here and will satisfy not only the needs of Turkmen industry but also
those of other economic regions.
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The Cheleken Iodine-Bromine Plant has the required raw material and
the electric power base. It would be possible to set up magnesium "sove-
lit" production here.
NEW CITRIC ACID PLANT -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta,
20 Nov 57
A citric acid plant has been put into operation in Riga. The raw
materials employed by the new plant are the wastes of the sugar industry.
During 1958-1959, the production capacity of the enterprise will be
brought up to 300-350 tons a year.
Dyestuffs
POOR-QUALITY DYESTUFFS IN USSR -- Moscow, Pravda, 16 Jun 57
Textile workers in the USSR have been complaining for a long time
about the poor quality and limited selection of dyes.
[Comment: Full text of this short article on shortcomings in dye
production by the Ministry of Chemical Industry appears in Current Di-
gest of the Soviet Press, Vol IX, No 24, 24 July 1957, p 36.E
POSTWAR INCREASE IN USSR DYESTUFF PRODUCTION FACILITIES -- Moscow,
Khimicheskaya Promyshlennost', No 7, Oct/Nov 57, p 19
The restoration and development of the organic dyestuffs industry
in the USSR after World War II has demanded the introduction of special
measures to meet the rapidly rising needs of the country not only in
dyestuffs but in other organic chemicals supplied by the dyestuffs in-
dustry.
Consequently, the Soviet dyestuffs industry is at present laying out
a considerably larger number of plants than before the war. Five of the
old war-damaged plants were completely rebuilt, with a considerable ex-
pansion in capacity and in variety of manufactured products. During the
postwar period, the over-all total of new construction and of restored
structures amounted to 65 production units, not counting the large volume
of new and restored general plant strictures, electric power installations,
warehouse facilities, transportation facilities, living quarters, etc.
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In 1956, the output of dyestuffs in the USSR amounted to 77,500 tons,
that is, 2.3 times the 1940 level. The number of individual types of dye-
stuffs produced industrially amounted to 430 varieties.
Pharmaceutical Production
VISIT BY EAST GERMAN CHEMICAL SPECIALISTS -- Alma-Ata,Kazakhstanskaya
Pravda, 12 Nov 57
The drugs produced by the Chimkent Chemical-Pharmaceutical Plant
are famous far beyond the limits of the USSR.
Several days ago, the plant was visited by a group of chemical spe-
cialists from East Germany. It included Prof R. Tren, Dr G. Falt, and
Engr I. Kessel'ring. These men familiarized themselves with the plant,
with the technology of alkaloid production, and with the properties of
such compounds as morphine, narcotine, and codeine.
Plastics
USSR POLYETHYLENE PRODUCTION -- Moscow, Na Stroitel'stve Truboprovodov,
24 Nov 57
At present, polyethylene in the USSR is produced by domestic [otech-
estvennyy] plants of local industry and by the Ministry of Chemical In-
dustry USSR. The Okhta Chemical Combine produces polyethylene tape with
a thickness of 0.3 millimeter. This product is used in the petroleum in-
dustry to cover pipes as an insulating material.
The properties of the polyethylene, according to data of the Okhta
combine and the Scientific Research Institute for the Polymerization of
Plastics, are as follows:
Mechanical
Tensile strength
120-160 kg/sq cm
Specific elongation
150-1600
Modulus of elasticity
1,500-2,500 kg/sq cm
Bending strength
120-170 kg/sq cm
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Thermal
Brittleness point 60?
Physical
Specific weight 0.92-0.93 g/cu cm
Hygroscopicity 0-0.1%
Chemical
Acid and alkali resistant
Electrical
Dielectrical strength 45-60 kw/mm
Volumetric resistance 1017 ohms-cm
The production of plastics, in particular polyethylene, is increas-
ing sharply to more than 20 times the former output. Thus, polyethylene
may solve the problem concerning nonmetallic pipes. Polyethylene pipe
of any thickness may be obtained by continuous extrusion of heated and
softened plastic material through a shaping aperture of a screw press.
The same technique may be used to produce polyethylene tape. In view
of the elasticity of'the polyethylene, the pipes may be reeled on special
drums.
Glavgas (Main Administration for Gas Industry) USSR and the,Minis-
try of Chemical Industry USSR must set up the production of low-pressure
polyethylene. As a result the cost of the product will decrease approxi-
mately 90 percent. The cost today -- 70-100 rubles per kilogram -- is
high.
Rubber and Rubber Products
USSR 1957 RUBBER PRODUCTS PRODUCTION -- Moscow, Kauchuk i Rezina, No 10,
Oct 57, p 10
In 1957, the USSR synthetic rubber, tire, and rubber products in-
dustry should produce 88 percent more synthetic rubber, 72 percent more
motor vehicle tires, 56 percent more conveyer and drive belting, 44 per-
cent more V-belting, 310 percent more hose, and 29 percent more rubber
footwear than in 1950.
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EXPANSION OF USSR SYNTHETIC RUBBER INDUSTRY -- Moscow, Khimicheskaya
Promyshiennost', No 7, Oct/Nov 57, P 9-11
In the development and growth of the synthetic rubber industry in
the USSR the variety of rubber types has been increased considerably.
At the beginning of the Third Five-Year Plan, only one type of rubber
was manufactured, namely, sodium-butadiene rubber, and so-called SKB.
Before World War II, besides SKB, the industrial production of chloro-
prene rubber was mastered and butadiene latex (DAB) was manufactured;
that is, three types of rubber were put out by the Soviet Union. After
the war, the situation was sharply altered. The rise in quantitative
output was accompanied by a qualitative increase. The production of
new types of rubber was organized.
In 1950, besides the types of rubber produced earlier, butadiene-
vinylidenechioride latex (D`VKhB-70), butadiene-nitrile rubber SKN of
three varieties, polyisobutylene, several types of "nairit" (emulsified
chloroprene rubber), SKBM, chloroprene latex, and butadiene-styrene
rubber SKS-30 were produced on an industrial scale. The production of
"cold" butadiene-styrene rubber, butadiene-styrene latexes, butadiene-
methylstyrene rubbers with dissimilar content of the second monomer, and
frost-resistant butadiene-methylstyrene rubber was mastered. Consumer
demands resulted in an expansion of the assortment of chloroprene and
other latexes.
The industrial production of butadiene-methylstyrene SK (SKMS-30,
etc.) has been mastered only in the USSR. In its technical properties
this rubber is not inferior to SKS-30 rubber and in several respects is
even superior to it. In this connection, in view of the large reserves
of propylene (which is required for the production of isopropyl benzene
and, through it, alpha-methylstyrene, for the improvement of copolymer
rubbers), the use of alpha-methylstyrene is being substituted for styrene.
SKMS-30 rubber is, a present, widely used for the production of motor
vehicle tires. Alpha-methyistyrene is used for producing "cold" SKMS-30
rubber, frost-resistant SKMS-10 rubber, and special SKMS-50 rubber.
The 'USSR industry was organized for the production of oil-filled
rubber (SKS-30AM), the technical properties of which considerably sur-
pass those of butadiene-styrene rubber, which does not contain oil. Oil-
filled rubbers are easily extruded, calendered, and quickly heat-plasticized,
The chief advantage of rubber mixtures of SKS-30AM over butadiene-styrene
rubber is a much lower heat-producing factor during repeated deformation
and compression, a quality which increases the roadability of motor ve-
hicle tires. The processing of oil-filled rubber in 1956 has resulted
in the saving of thousands of tons of ethyl alcohol.
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In 1956, the manufacture of silicone rubber (SKT) was significantly
increased. This type of rubber retains its properties within a tempera-
ture range of minus 60 degrees to plus 250 degrees. It resists the action
of water, ozone, ultraviolet rays, acids, alcohols, and oils. SKT is
characterized by good dielectric properties -- low dielectric loss at
high frequencies, resistance to the corona effect and the action of
electrical discharges. The demand for SKT has recently increased con-
siderably, and despite the fact that in 1957 its output has been double
that of 1956, the requirements of the national economy in this special
type of synthetic rubber will not be completely satisfied. To satisfy
these demands, plans will be made for the major industrial production
of SKT in 1958 and the industrial production will have to be organized
for other heat-resistant rubbers which retain their elasticity above
300 degrees.
Up to a short time ago, Soviet industry produced a comparatively
small amount of butyl rubber which was processed at one of the pilot
plants. At the end of 1956, the industrial production of butyl rubber
was begun, and in 1957, the requirements of the national economy for
this rubber, which possesses a high gas impermeability and very good
chemical stability, should be satisfied.
In connection with the need for producing tubeless tires there has
arisen a need for producing brominated butyl rubber. This rubber re-
tains a high gas impermeability, good chemical stability, and other tech-
nical properties of butyl rubber, but in contrast to the latter, has the
capacity to combine with other rubbers and to be vulcanized with them.
During the second half of 1956, a pilot plant of Glavkauchuk (Main Ad-
ministration for Rubber Industry) began to produce brominated butyl rub-
ber which is being successfully used for the production of the hermeti-
cized layer of tubeless tires. In the near future, large-scale industrial
production of this type of rubber will be organized.
USSR industry has produced, and sent to consumers for testing, con-
signments of new types of polymers and copolymers of chloroprene, in-
cluding "nairit-S," a copolymer of chloroprene with 3-5-percent styrene
possessing a complex of technical properties of vulcanized rubbers prac-
tically the same as "nairit," but differing from it by the low tendency
of the crude mixtures of crystallize. This improves its technical proper-
ties considerably: a copolymer of chloroprene, which is characterized
by the low tendency to crystallize and by increased stability at low tem-
peratures over chloroprene rubber; a copolymer of chloroprene with acry-
lonitrile, differing from ordinary chloroprene rubber by its high oil- and
gasoline-resistance and its high heat-resistance; special chloroprene rub-
ber "nairit-A" (cement, produced from this rubber, possesses a very high
adhesive property and can successfully be substituted for cement manufac-
tured from scarce and expensive gutta-percha). In 1958, Soviet industry
will put out large consignments of these new types of chloroprene rubbers.
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NEW SUBSTITUTE FOR GUTTA-PERCHA -- Moscow, Vechernyaya Moskva, 12 Nov 57
Until recently, a large quantity of gutta-percha produced from the
southern plants "beresklet" (Evonymus verrucose) and "evkomiya" (Eucommia
ulmoides) was used. A group of scientists at the All-Union Scientific
Research Institute for Synthetic Rubber imeni S. V. Lebedev worked for
a long time trying to create a cheaper material.
As a result of these experiments, carried out under the direction
of Prof A. L. Klebanskiy, they succeeded in working out such a method.
The product will replace gutta-percha completely, particularly in glues
employed in the footwear industry. The new material costs only one
twentieth as much as natural gutta-percha and retains all its basic
qualities.
After the-tests have been completed, industrial production of the
new material will be started.
USSR SYNTHETIC RUBBER EXHIBITED ABROAD -- Moscow, Komsomolskaya Pravda,
15 Nov 57
The Krasnoyarsk Synthetic Rubber Plant sends its product to Moscow,
Leningrad, Yaroslavl, and other cities of the Soviet Union, far beyond
the borders of Siberia. Krasnoyarsk rubber has been exhibited at the
International Trade Fair in Leipzig and at the World's Fair in Milan.
USSR RUBBER PRODUCTS CONSIGNMENT TO INDIA -- Leningradskaya Pravda,
16 Nov 57
Among recent achievements by the Leningrad Industrial Rubber Prod-
ucts Plant was the ahead-of-schedule fulfillment of an order from a
metallurgical combine in India.
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USSR In General
Miscellaneous
USSR PLANS TO INCREASE OIL OUTPUT -- Ashkhabad, Turkmenskaya Iskra,
19 Nov 57
The USSR is the world's third largest crude oil producer and one of
the leaders in explored oil reserves. Within 15 years, it expects to
increase its crude oil output to 350-40o million tons a year.
Refinery Construction
LARGEST OIL REFINERY STARTS IN CHERNIKOVSK -- Moscow, Sovetskaya Rossiya,
13 Nov 57
Novo-Aleksandrovka -- An oil refinery equipped with first class
equipment has started operations in Chernikovsk.
New technology will ensure a greater withdrawal of light products.
The enterprise is also scheduled to produce fatty acids, high aromatic
content ether, paraffin, and other products.
When all of its shops and units go into full operation, this re-
finery will become the largest of its type in the USSR.
Gas Operations
GLAVGAZ SETS UP TECHNICAL COUNCIL WITH SUBSIDIARIES -- Moscow, Stroitel'-
stvo Predpriyatiy Neftyanoy Promyshlennosti, No 11, Nov 57, pp 28-29
Glavgaz (Main Administration of the Gas Industry) of the Council
of Ministers USSR has approved the structure of its Technical Council.
Yu. I. Bokserman, deputy chief of Glavgaz, will be chairman of the
council, and A. G. Osipov, chief of the Technical Administration of
Glavgaz,.will be deputy chairman.
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The Technical Council will have seven sections under its jurisdic-
tion: Section on Geology and Development of Gas Deposits; Section on
Extraction, Transport, and Storage; Section on Pipeline Construction;
Section on Refining of Gas and By-Products; Section on Gasification of
Solid Fuels and Underground Coal Gasification; Section on New Equipment,
Apparatus, and Construction Machinery; and Section on Economy of Extrac-
tion, Production, and Construction in the Gas Industry.
Glavgaz is planning to build a major trunk gas line from Serpukhov
to Leningrad with offset lines to Kalinin and Novgorod. The major line
and the offsets are scheduled to start operations in the third quarter
of 1959
The planning of the lines has been entrusted to tlkr?giprogaz (Ukraine
State Gas Planning Institute), to the general designer, and to Giprospets-
neftestroy (State Institute for Planning Special Petroleum Installations).
The plans are to be ready by 1 December 1957.
The lines will be built by Mosgazprovodstroy (Moscow Gas Line Con-
struction Trust), the general builder, Svarmontazh (Welding and Assembly
Trust), and Soyuzneftestroymekhanizatsiya (All-Union Trust for Mechanized
Construction).
Glavgaz has taken over Glavpodzemgaz (Main Administration for Under-
ground Coal Gasification) of the former Ministry of Coal Industry USSR
and the following enterprises of Glavpodzemgaz: Moscow and Lisichansk
underground coal gasification stations; Yuzhno-Abinsk Underground Experi-
mental Gasification Station; the Shatskaya, Angren, and Kamenskaya under-
ground coal gasification stations now under construction; Plant No 21 in
Stalinskaya Oblast; Office of Directional Drilling in Voroshilovgradskaya
Oblast; VNIIPodzemgaz (All-Union Research and Development Institute for
Underground Coal Gasification) in Moscow; and Gipropodzemgaz (State Plan-
ning Institute for Underground Coal Gasification) in Stalin.
In view of the explored gas reserves at the Stepnovo deposit and the
expected increase from other deposits in Saratovskaya and Stalinradskaya
obtasts, Glavgaz plans to build a line of 820-millimeter pipe from Saratov
to Gor'kiy to supply gas to Gor'kiy, Dzerzhinsk, Yaroslavl', and Shcher-
bakov.
PLANNED PRODUCTION OF GAS FOR 1970-1972 -- Moscow, Na Stroitel'stve Trubo-
provodov, 29 Nov 57
By 1970 or 1972, the USSR plans to reach an output of 270-320 bil-
lion cubic meters of gas a year by extraction of natural gas and produc-
tion of synthetic gas, or from 13 to 15 times as much as in 1957.
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Most of the natural gas is to be extracted in the RSFSR, the Ukraine,
Azerbaydzban, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan.
The enormous increase contemplated in extracted requires a rapid
solution of several scientific and technical problems, such as automa-
tion and telemechanization of the gas fields and pipelines, establish-
ment of more advanced construction methods, elimination of seasonal
operations in construction work, and further improvements in the tech-
nology of construction, in the methods of exploration, and in under-
ground storage near the large industrial centers.
The large-scale program also poses a serious assignment for geolo-
gists and explorers. More than 75 percent of the existing reserves were
explored during the past 5-6 years. Not only were high-yielding deposits
opened, but new gas-bearing regions were found in the eastern Ukraine,
along the Volga River, in northern Krasnodarskiy Kray, and in the Bukhara-
i iva region in Central Asia.
If the contemplated goal is to be met, much more geological search-
ing and deep and extra-deep drilling must be done. Moreover, different
methods must be used from those used in petroleum drilling.
During the next few years, heavy duty gas lines are scheduled for
construction, among >hem the line from Kanevskaya to Voroshilovgrad by
way of Rostov. This line is scheduled to pass more gas than was extracted
and produced in the USSR in 1956. A line from Serpukhov to Leningrad will
be put into full operation and major lines are to be put into service
from along the Volga River to Gor'kiy, from Bryansk to Leningrad by way
of Polotsk, from 2ebelinka to the Baltic Sea area by way of Minsk, from
Karadag to Tbilisi by way of Akstafa and thereon to Yerevan, from Dzhebel
to Perm' by way of Berezniki, and from Bukhara to Tashkent by way of
Samarkand.
By increasing pipe diameter from 700 to 1,000 millimeters, the line's
capacity will be tripled, although only twice as much metal will be used.
In addition to increasing the extraction of natural gas, much more
synthetic gas is to be produced from coal and shale. Not only is more
gas to be produced through the processing of coal and shale from shaft
and open-pit mining, but underground coal gasification is also to be ex-
panded. The immediate task in this respect is to conduct scientific re-
search to solve the many problems of underground coal gasification and to
master one method completely.
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This expected increase to 270-320 billion cubic meters a year is
of enormous significance to the national economy because it will raise
the ratio of gas from If percent to 30 percent of the fuel balance, it
will reduce the operating expenses in the fuel industry, and it will en-
sure a sharp increase in labor productivity.
Within the next few years, natural gas will become the important
factor in the improvement of the entire fuel and power balance in the
European USSR.
THREE GAS LINES NEARING COMPLETION IN STALINGRAD AREA -- Moscow, Pravda,
19 Nov 57
Stalingrad -- Construction is nearing completion on gas lines from
Korobki to Kamyshin, Zhirnoye to Kologirovka, and Zhirnoye to Linevo.
Preparations are being made to start the construction of a gas line from
Korobki to Stalingrad.
CHARACTERISTICS OF NATURAL COMBUSTIBLE GASES OV DNEPR-DONETS BASIN --
Kiev, Dopovidi Akademii Nauk Ukrainskoy SSR, No If, 1957, pp 383-385
The Dnepr-Donets Basin has become one of the largest gas-bearing
regions in the USSR as a result of the discovery of the largest source
of natural combustible gas in the USSR at Shebelinka in the eastern
Ukraine, of lesser sources at Mikhaylovtsi and near Solokhi, Runivshchina,
and Spivakovka, and of the petroleum-gas deposits at Radchenkovo, Sagay-
dak, and Zachepelivka.
During the past 10 years, the Institute of Geological Sciences per-
formed more than 80 complete analyses of natural combustible gases ex-
tracted from the various wells and horizons in the Dnepr-Donets Basin.
The detailed studies which were made have indicated that the chemical
properties of gases from the different horizons are not the same inas-
much as the content of methane, heavy hydrocarbons, and nitrogen varies.
The gas from Well No 9, in Jurassic formation 869-875 meters deep,
at Solokhi contains 85 percent methane. Of this, 0.33 percent is heavy
hydrocarbons and 13.5 percent nitrogen and inert gases.
The Radchenkovo and Sagaydak structures contain considerable volumes
of natural gas. The gas in these structures is found in the sand and
sandstones of formations of the Triassic period. Laboratory analyses of
this gas show that it averages 86.2 percent (80.3-94.6 percent) methane
and 13 46 percent (4.9-19.7 percent) nitrogen and inert gases. The con-
tent of heavy hydrocarbons in the gas averages only 0.166 percent. The
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natural gas from Triassic formations at Radchenkovo and Sagaydak hardly
differs in composition from the gas from Jurassic formation at Solokhi.
The gas from the above formations at these sites is identical in composi-
tion to the gas extracted at Dashava in the Carpathian Region, except
that the gas from Dashava contains less nitrogen and inert gases. It may
be assumed that the gas pools in the Jurassic and Triassic formations at
Solokhi, Radchenkovo, and Sagaydak are not connected with oil pools and
can be exploited as independent deposits.
Two wells at Radchenkovo and numerous wells at Shebelinka have pro-
duced natural gas from formation of the Permian period. Although both
are from Permian formation, the gas at Shebelinka differs in composition
from the gas at Radchenkovo. The Shebelinka gas contains more hydro-
carbons (6 percent) and only an insignificant quantity of nitrogen and
inert gases whereas the Radchenkovo gas contains 92.0-92.6 rercent meth-
ane, 1.43-4.38 percent heavy hydrocarbons, and 7.4-7.8 percent nitrogen
and inert gases.
The composition of natural gas from the Permian and Triassic forma-
tions at Radchenkovo is also different. The gas from the Permian forma-
tion contains more methane and heavy hydrocarbons and less nitrogen and
inert gases than that from the Triassic formation.
Two natural gas wells were brought in from Middle Carbon formation
at Sagaydak. This gas contains 76.1-78.85 percent methane and 21.15-23.9
percent nitrogen and inert gases.
Numerous natural gas wells have been brought in from Lower Carbon
formation at Radchenkovo and Mikhaylivtsi. Tests have shown that this
gas contains 90.9-99.3 percent methane, 0.13-19.4 percent hydrocarbons,
and 0.25-8.5 percent nitrogen and inert gases.
The composition of natural gases from the Triassic and Lower Carbon
formations at Radchenkovo is as follows (in percent);
Triassic Lower Carbon
Methane 86.2 94.6
Heavy hydrocarbons 0.116 8.23
Nitrogen, inert gases 13.46 4.95
The natural gas from Lower Carbon formation at Mikhaylovtsi contains
a smaller percentage of heavy hydrocarbons than the natural gas from the
same formation at Radchenkovo. The natural gas from this formation at Rad-
chenkovo contains 20 times as much heavy hydrocarbons as the gas at Mikhay-
lovtsi. The gas from this formation at Mikhaylovtsi contains 91.6-99.7
percent methane, 0.19-0.80 percent heavy hydrocarbons, and 0.30-9.0 per-
cent nitrogen and inert gases.
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The gas pools in the Lower Carbon formation at Radchenkovo are con-
nected with the oil pools in this formation, whereas exploration at Mikhay-
lovtsi has indicated that the gas and oil pools are not connected.
The natural gas from Jurassic formation at Solokhi, Triassic forma-
tion at Radchenkovo, and Lower Carbon formation at Mikhaylivtsi contains
only an insignificant quantity of heavy hydrocarbons. From this it may
be concluded that when the hydrocarbon content in natural gas is less
than 2 percent, the gas is not connected with oil pools, but when there
is more than 2-3 percent of heavy hydrocarbons, the gas is connected with
oil pools.
Another principle established at Radchenkovo was that natural gases
which have migrated into the later-period formations have been enriched
with nitrogen and contain less methane.
The following conclusions can be reached by comparing the composi-
tion of natural gases from the different horizons of the Dnepr-Donets
Basin with the composition of gases from other gas-bearing regions of
the USSR:
The composition of natural gas from the Jurassic and Triassic forma-
tions in the Dnepr-Donets Basin is similar to that of the gas produced
at Dashava and Kaluga in the Carpathian Mountain region except that the
Dashava and Kaluga gases contain less nitrogen and inert gases. The
composition of gas from the Permian formation at Radchenkovo is similar
to that of gas produced at Emba, Ukhta, and Yelshanka. The composition
of gas from the Middle Carbon formation at Sagaydak is different from
that of the gas produced in the western oblasts of the Ukraine. The
gases from the Lower Carbon formation at Radchenkovo and the oil and
gas deposits of the Maykop fields are similar in composition except that
the Radchenkovo gas contains more nitrogen and heavy hydrocarbons. The
composition of gas from the Lower Carbon formation at Mikhaylovtsi is
similar to that of gas produced at Verkhovskiy, Saushino, and Archeda in
Stalingradskaya Oblast.
The natural gas pools in the Jurassic and Triassic formations at
Solokhi, Radchenkovo, and Sagaydak and the Lower Carbon formation at
Mikhaylovtsi are independent of oil pools and can be exploited as gas
deposits. Those in the Permian formation at Radchenkovo, the Middle
Carbon formation at Sagaydag, and the Lower Carbon formation at Radchen-
kovo are closely connected with oil pools and are components of a single
oil and gas deposit. For this reason, all the gas from these deposits
cannot be extracted unless all the oil is extracted. -- V. Ya. Klimenko~
from a report by V. G. Bondarchuk, Academician, Academy of Sciences
Ukrainian SSR
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Caucasus
KRASNODAR AREA FIFTH LARGEST USSR PRODUCER -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-
Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 13 Nov 57
Krapnodarskiy Kray ranks fourth in oil production in the RSFSR and
fifth in the USSR. The area produces high-grade crude oil.
In 1957, production will reach the level originally contemplated
for 1960. Drillers have turned over nine new sites 'for commercial de-
velopment. Large gas-condensate deposits have been uncovered in the
northern part.
The mechanical drilling speed now is 2-3 times as fast as before,
and the time for building and assembling derricks has been reduced 20-
25 percent.
EIGHT KRASNODAR SUGAR REFINERIES TO GET NATURAL GAS IN 1958 -- Moscow,
Na Stroitel'stve Truboprovodov, 29 Nov 57
During 1958 and 1959, a major gas line 540 kilometers long will be
built to supply natural gas to the enterprises of Krasnodarskiy Kray.
During 1958, 298 kilometers of lines will be laid to supply gas to
eight sugar refineries.
The plans, surveys, and drawings of projects scheduled for construc-
tion in 1958 are to be ready by 1 February 1958, whereas those for proj-
ects to be built in 1959 are to be ready in September 1958.
The Krasnodarskiy Sovnarkhoz is expected to undertake the drilling
of developmental gas wells, the build-up of gas deposits, internal gather-
ing of gas within the fields, and construction of lines in the sugar re-
fineries and of gas distribution stations along the major gas line.
Ural-Volga Region
TATARIYA OIL INDUSTRY USES FUNDS TO EXPAND -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-
Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 13, Nov 57
More than 50 percent of the capital investments to be made by the
Tatarskiy Sovnarkhoz will be spent to expand the petroleum industry.
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Petroleum output in the first 9 months of 1957 was 29.5 percent more
than in the same period of 1956. It is scheduled to rise another 22.1
percent in 1958. It is estimated that output in 1965 will triple the
1957 level.
Moscow, Trud, 2 Nov 57
A1'met'yevsk -- Tatnefteprovodstroy (Tatar Oil Pipeline Construc-
tion Trust) has just finished the construction of a 450-kilometer crude
oil line from Al'met'yevsk tc Perm'. Al'met'yevsk is the center of the
oil industry in the Tatarskaya ASSR. The line is now undergoing tests.
ABOUT 1,000 WELLS TO BE BUILT IN NEXT 3 YEARS AT STALINGRAD AREA FIELD --
Moscow, Sovetskaya Rossiya, 20 Nov 57
Belashov -- Within the next 3 years, about 1,000 oil wells are to
be built at the Bakhmet'yevskiy Oil Field, which has become the second
largest oil producer among the USSR fields. The field has been in opera-
tion only 6 years.
In the past 10 months, it produced nearly 14,000 tons of crude oil
above its quota. Until now, it has been producing oil from only three
strata but it plans to start development of four more horizons.
Ukraine
DOLINA FIELD ACCOUNTS FOR MOST OF OUTPUT IN STANISLAV AREA -- Kiev,
Rabochaya Gazeta, 5 Nov 57
The Stanislavskiy Sovnarkhoz produced 34 percent more oil in 10
months of 1957 than in the same period of 1956. Most of the output came
from the Dolina Oil Field.
Central Asia
KIRGIZ 1960 OUTPUT TO INCREASE OVER 1955 -- Frunze, Sovetskaya Kirgiziya,
5 Nov 57
In 1956, the Kirgiz SSR increased its crude oil output to 8.4 times
that of 1940.
1955.
In 1960, it is scheduled to produce 7.8 times as much crude as in
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III. FERROUS METALLURGY
Production
USSR CASTINGS PRODUCTION IN 1956 -- Moscow, Liteynoye Proizvodstvo, No
11, Nov 57, p 1
The output of castings in the USSR amounted to 3.4 kilograms per
inhabitant in 1913 and approximately 35 kilograms in 1940. The 1956
production of 58 kilograms per person was 1.7 times as great as in 1940.
USSR PIPE PRODUCTION FOR VARIOUS YEARS -- Moscow, Stal', No 11, Nov 57,
p 997
1900
1905
1910
1913
1919
1925
Since 1900, USSR pipe production has been as follows
21.0 1930
19.9 1935
x+5.1 191+0
77.7 1945
4.1
75.3
1955
1956
Types of steel pipe produced are as follows (percent
191+0 1945 1950 1955 1956
Seamless 66.2 85.7 72.0 68.2 61.4+
Welded 33.0 12.7 19.9 18.1+ 16.2
Electrowelded 0.8 1.6 8.1 13.4 19.1+
(1,000 tons):
233
639
966
571
3,549
3,835
of total pro-
1957
61.8 54.4
15.x+ 11+.0
22.8 31.5
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KAZAKH SSR STEEL PRODUCTION INCREASE IN 1957 -- Alma-Ata, Bloknot Agi-
tatora, No 17, Sep 57, p 33
In 6 months of 1957, steel production in the Kazakh SSR increased
6 percent and rolled stock production 5 percent over the corresponding
period for 1956.
INCREASED STEEL PRODUCTION AT UZBEK PLANT -- Moscow; Prcaiyshlenno-
Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 3 Nov 57
Steel production at the Uzbek Metallurgical Plant is 20 times as
great as it was in 1940.
KAZAKH PLANT PRODUCES ABOVE PLAN -- Alma-Ata, Kazakhstanskaya Pravda,
17 Nov 57
The Kazakh Metallurgical Plant is the foremost enterprise in Temir
Tau. Because of its successes in pre-October competition, the personnel
of the plant has been awarded the Red Banner. Since the beginning of
1957, the plant has produced more than 2,500 tons of steel above plan.
Construction
LARGEST CONVERTER SHOP IN USSR TO BE COMPLETED. IN 1957 -- Moscow, Metal-
lurg, No 11, Nov 57, p 12
By the end of 1957, construction will be completed on the largest
converter shop in the USSR at the Krivoy Rog Metallurgical Plant.
TRANSCAUCASIAN PLANT BLAST FURNACE RECONVERTED -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-
Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 10 Jul 57
Work has been completed on blast furnace No 2 of the Transcau-
casian Metallurgical Plant to have the furnace operate at a higher gas-
top pressure. The furnace had to be partially rebuilt.'
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ZHDANOV PLANT SHOP TO BE BUILT FOR PRODUCING ORE CRUSHING BALLS -- Moscow,
Vodnyy Transport, 23 Nov 57
The Azovstal'stroy Trust, which has put a mechanized blast furnace
into operation at the Zhdanov Metallurgical Plant, has now started con-
struction on blast furnace No 5.
A large shop for the production of crushing balls is being constructed
at the Zhdano,- Plant. Them,- balls will be used by ferrous and non-
ferrous metallurgical industry concentrating mills and also by the power
and cement industries. In 1958, two rolling mills will be put into opera-
tion which will produce 84,000 tons of crushing balls a year.
The agglomerating mill and the oxygen station of the plant are being
expanded.
In 1958, a large blast furnace, blast furnace No 3, will be built
at the Zhdanov Metallurgical Plant imeni I1'ich. Another large spiral
pipe welding mill is to be put into operation at the Zhdanov Pipe Rolling
Plant imeni Kuybyshev.
BLAST FURNACE 2-bis IN OPERATION AT STALINO PLANT -- Moscow, Rabochaya
Gazeta, 5 Nov 57
Blast furnace No 2-bis has been put into operation at the Stalin
Metallurgical Plant.
Technology
USE SUBSTITUTE FOR GENERATED GAS IN PEI'ROVSK-ZABAC L' IY OPEN-HEARTH
FURNACE -- Moscow, Trud, 13 Nov 57
On the west side of Petrovsk-Zabaykal'skiy are the shops of the
metallurgical plant.
In 1957, many measures were taken which improved the technical level
of the plant. The open-hearth furnaces were converted to use a coal tar
with a high caloric value instead of generated gas. Because of this con-
version, the heating regime of furnaces was improved and more speed heats
were produced. The gas-generating station for the plant has been shut
down. About 200 workers were given jobs in other parts of the plant. By
using coal tar, the plant will save about 9 million rubles a year.
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USE IRON INSTEAD OF MANGANESE ORE IN STALINO PLANT BLAST FURNACE -- Moscow,
Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 3 Nov 57
Blast furnace No 3 of the Stalin Metallurgical Plant is the first
in the Ukrainian SSR to master output of conversion pig iron without the
introduction of manganese ore into the charge. Instead of manganese ore,
iron ore and a quantity of limestone are added. Because of an increased
ore charge, the productivity of the furnace increased 3 percent. The fur-
nace also uses 40 kilograms less coke. The quality of the metal has im-
proved.
Alloys
HIGH-GRADE STEELS DEVELOPED IN USSR -- Moscow, Stal', No 11, Nov 57, p
1006
In the last 10 years, scientific research and academic institutes
and plant laboratories have developed a large quantity of new grades of
steels and alloys. About 500 new grades of carbon, low-alloy, structural,
tool, stainless and acid-resistant, dynamo and transformer, heat-resistant,
and precision steels have been developed. A large number of these
steels have already been successfully applied in various industries.
LABORATORY ESTABLISHED AT NOVO-KRAMATORSK PLANT FOR STUDYING HIGH-GRADE
STEELS -- Kiev, Pravda Ukrainy, 13 Nov 57
A laboratory has been established at the Novo-Kramatorsk Machine
Building Plant for studying the strength of metals at high temperatures.
The laboratory has the latest equipment.
The experimental and research establishment of the plant is being
expanded and furnished with new equipment. There are more than 20 well-
equipped laboratories which carry on investigation to determine the qual-
ity of unique castings and forgings and control the quality of metal by
ultrasonic and other ways.
BABUSHKIN ELECTRODE PLA11T SELLS GRADE B STALINITE -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-
Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 10 Jul 57
The electrode plant of Babushkin, Moskovskaya Oblast, is selling 11+
tons of grade B stalinite produced according to technical specifications
covered by TsY1TU 201+3-148. The stalinite is sold in 50-kilogram lots.
On request of the buyer, the plant can make shipment by railroad.
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Iron Ore, Agglomerate, and Coke Production; Scrap Collection
KRIVOY ROG ORE PRODUCTION -- Moscow, Gornyy Zhurnal, No 11, Nov 57, p
48
In 1955, the Krivoy Rog Basin produced 34.6 million tons of iron
ore, and in 1956, 35.5 million tons of ore was produced with an average
iron content of 55.5 percent.
FLUXED AGGLOMERATE PRODUCTION INCREASES IN USSR -- Moscow, Metallurg,
No 11, Nov 57, p 3
In 1951, the USSR had 26 agglomerating machines with a total area
of 1,247 square meters. In 1957, there were 64 machines with a total
area of 3,297 square meters. In this period, agglomerate production
rose from 12 to 40 million tons a year. The average for agglomerate used
in blast furnaces rose from 42 to 66 percent.
Fluxed agglomerate has done much to increase blast furnace produc-
tion. In 1950, only 1.8 million tons of fluxed agglomerate was produced,
and in 1956, production had risen to 35 million tons. This amounted to
87.9 percent of the total agglomerate produced in the USSR.
COKE PRODUCTION INCREASES AT ZAPOROZH?YE PLANT -- Moscow, Trud, 17 Nov
57
Since 1950, the Zaporozhtye Coke-Chemical Plant has increased pro-
duction 76 percent. The plant produces more than 30 kinds of products.
Since the beginning of 1957, the coke shop has produced more than
17,000 tons of metallurgical coke above plan.
SCRAP COLLECTION IN URYUPINSK -- Moscow, Sovetskaya Rossiya, 14 Nov 57
Enterprises and institutions in Uryupinsk, Balashovskaya Oblast,
have fulfilled the annual plan for the collection of metal scrap.
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Deposits and Mines
RESERVES OF USSR IRON ORE DEPOSITS -- Moscow, Gornyy Zhurnal, No 11,
Nov 57, pp 23-27
The main iron ore deposits in northwest RSFSR are in the Karelian
ASSR and Murmanskaya Oblast, the ores of which have a magnetic composi-
tion. These deposits are the Pudozhgorskoye, Mezhozerskoye, and Kosta-
mukinskoye in the Karelian ASSR, with total reserves of 800 million tons
of ore, and the Olenegorskoye, Kirovogorskoye, and Yeno-Kovdorskoye in
Murmanskaya Oblast, with total reserves of 900 million tons. The investi-
gated ore reserves will ensure production of over 300 million tons of pig
iron. The Cherepovets Metallurgical Plant is the consumer for these ores.
The iron ore reserves in the central parts of the RSFSR are very
large. The hematite-ma rtite ores (58-61 percent iron) in the Kursk Mag-
netic Anomaly exceed 10 billion tons. Of these total reserves, 1.4+ bil-
lion tons has been investigated in the Lebedinskoye, Mikhaylovskoye,
Yakovlevskoye, and other deposits.
In addition, about 4 billion tons of ferruginous quartzite has been
investigated in the Staro-Oskolets and other areas of the KMA (Kursk Mag-
netic Anomaly). The complicated hydrogeological conditions and the de-
velopment of the deposits primarily for underground mining operations will
require greater capital investments and will increase mining costs. How-
ever, calculations indicate that because of large-scale extraction of rich
ore the cost of a ton of ore will not exceed present average prices.
In the last few years, the industrial significance of the KMA as a
huge iron ore region for the USSR has greatly increased. Construction
has started in this area on two large open-pit mines, the Lebedin and
Mikhaylov mines, which have rich ores.
The problem of quick industrial exploitation of the rich ores of the
anomaly, which lie at a depth of 450-700 meters in difficult hydrogeo-
logical conditions, raises many doubts and arguments. Nevertheless, the
economic significance of this iron ore region urgently requires overcoming
technical difficulties. The iron ores of the anomaly can and must be used
not only in the interests of the construction of communism for the people
of the Soviet Union, but also in the interests of socialist industriali-
zation of the People's Democracies.
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Besides the deposits of the KMA in the central regions, there are
investigated reserves of "hydrogoethite" ore amounting to 100 million
tons in the Tul'skoye and Lipetskoye deposits. The small nest-like ore
beds of these deposits would produce only low-grade, expensive ores.
Therefore, it is questionable whether it would be feasible to mine these
ores in the future when mining operations are expanded in the rich ore
deposits of the KMA.
The rich ores of the Krivoy Rog Basin and the Kremenchug Magnetic
Anomaly in the Ukraine alone will ensure the production of 750 million
tons of pig iron. The readily concentrated magnetic ores will be suf-
ficient for the production of about one billion tons of pig iron. The
possibility of expanding the extraction of quartzite ores by the open-
cut method and the nearness of the coal of the Donets Basin to the metal-
lurgical plants make conditions favorable for developing pig iron smelt-
ing and lowering the cost of pig iron. By mastering the use of ore in
the Kerch Basin (1.7 billion tons), the iron ore base for the Ukraine will
be further consolidated. The republic will be assured of producing pos-
sibly up to 2.5 billion tons of pig iron. Thus, its iron ore resources
assure the Ukrainian SSR of a leading role in the production of ferrous
metals.
The prospects for further development of the Transcaucasian Metal-
lurgical Plant in Rustavi are limited. The plant's raw material base
(Dashkesan Magnetic Ore Deposit) in the Georgian SSR is small. Other
large iron ore deposits with industrial potential have not yet been found.
The Dashkesanskoye Deposit and some newly discovered ore sections can
ensure enough ore for the production of not more than 30-35 million tons
of pig iron.
In the Northern Urals, the total reserves of relatively small iron
ore deposits amount to about 60 million tons of ore. The deposits of
magnetic ore of average quality (4+2 percent iron) consist of three groups:
the Bogoslovskoye, the Pokrovskoye, and the Severnoye deposits, two of
which are removed from railroad lines. In addition to these deposits,
there are small deposits of "hydrogoethite" ores in the Languro-Samskaya
group, whose industrial value is insignificant.
Investigations in 195+ and 1955 in the Northern Urals (Zamarayskaya
Depression) disclosed about 700 million tons of geological reserves of
low-grade bean-conglomerate ore (31+.5 percent iron) with a mixed composi-
tion (goethite, "hydrogoethite," hydrohematite) and of a sedimentary ori-
gin, apparently of the Jurassic era. The ores contain .2 percent nickel
and 1.4-1.6 percent chromium. The technology for concentrating these ores
has not been studied, and the conditions for working these deposits would
be complicated because of the water-soaked overburden. The large reserves
of ore make the deposits of the Zamarayskaya Depression of interest for
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further investigation and for industrial exploitation, since about 200
million tons of pig iron could be produced from the ores. The cost of
preparing ores from the Serovskoye Deposit would be considerably less
than the projected costs of agglomerate produced from Kachkanar ores,
which are to be supplied to the Serov Metallurgical Plant imeni Serov.
A highly interesting group of deposits are the magnetitic ore de-
posits with a contact-metasomatic origin near Salekharda (Yun'-Yaginskoye
Deposit and others). The geological reserves of ore of this group can
now be estimated at about 300 million tons. Iron ores near the coking
coal of the Pechora Basin is a highly positive economic factor which will
influence industrial expansion in the northern and subpolar regions of
the Urals in the future.
In the Central Urals, the iron ore resources consist of the magnetitic
ore deposits (43 percent iron) in the Tagilo-Kushvinsk area, and the
ilmenite-magnetitic vanadium-bearing (Kachkanarskoye, Pervoural'skoye, and
Visimskoye deposits whose ores have an average iron content of 17 percent)
and "hydrogoetbite " ores of the Alapayevsk area, with 50 million tons.
The investigated iron ore reserves of the Central Urals ensure pro-
duction of about 750 million tons of pig iron. However, the predominance
of low-grade ores limits pig iron production, since it will take 9 tons
of ore to produce one ton of pig iron, which naturally will increase the
cost of producing pig iron and will require increased capital investment
for mine construction.
In the Southern Urals, the iron ore deposits are limited. The mag-
netitic ores of the Magnitogorskoye and other deposits can produce enough
material for the production of 150 million tons of pig iron, and the
"hydrogoethite" and siderite ores of Bakal only 80 million tons of pig
iron. The Komarovo-Zigazinskaya group of "hydrogoethite" ore deposits are
of local importance and their reserves are limited. They have enough ore
for the prodtion of 12. million- tona_af pig iron. The- ilmeni.te-magnetitic
ores of the Kusinskoye and Kopanskoye deposits will permit production of
only 35 million tons of pig iron., and the low-grade, "hydrogoethite" ores
of the 0rsk-Khalilovskoye Deposit, containing nickel, 50 million tons of
pig iron. Consequently, neither the Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Combine
nor the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Plant are assured of a local supply of
iron ore.
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Because of the quality of ore and coal which is supplied to Ural
ferrous metallurgical plants from Kuznetsk and Karaganda, pig iron is
produced considerably more cheaply in the Urals than in the Ukrainian
SSR. Therefore, the development of ferrous metal production in the Urals
is favorable. However, without the magnetitic ores of the Kustanayskaya
group in the Kazakh SSR the Urals ferrous metallurgical industry cannot
expand immediately.
Because there is no local coking coal base and the resources of steam coal
on the eastern slopes of the Urals are limited, the area has an unfavor-
able economic factor. Therefore, the problem of supplying the metal-
lurgical industry in the Northern and Central. Urals with Pechora coal
by railroad in the shortest time possible is of national economic impor-
tance and awaits a decision.
The decision tc, develop a third coal and metallurgical base in the
eastern parts of the USSR is economically sound, Operations at the Kuz-
netsk Metallurgical Combine indicate that the magnetitic ores of local
deposits, which are average and small in size and which raise the cost
of the ore, will make it possible to produce pig iron at a lower cost
than that produced in the Ukrainian SSR, even though the ore has also to
be prepared. Nevertheless, the local raw material base of magnetitic
ore has not yet been sufficiently explored. The base can ensure the pro-
duction of only 135 million tons of pig iron and can supply only the
Kuznetsk Metallurgical Combine.
Geological exploratory operations in the last few years in Siberia
have disclosed a number of magnetitic are deposits (Anzasskoye, Ampalyk-
skoye, and other deposits). The prospective reserves of ore in these
deposits are sufficient to supply the Zapadno-Sibirskiy Metallurgical
Plant, which is to be built in Stalinsk.
The exploration of the magnetitic iron ore deposits in Gornaya
Shoriya and in the south of Krasnoyarskiy Kray is intolerably slow. The
economic premises for using these deposits as a raw material base for a
second West Siberia plant are considerably more significant than using
the low-grade ores of the Nizhne-Angarskoye Deposit, the urgent detailed
exploration of which proved to be premature and detrimental to finding
and exploring magnetitic deposits adjacent to Stalinsk. The Nizhne-
Angaro ores require complicated concentration, and the iron concentrate
produced from the ores contains only 4+7 percent iron and up to 20 percent
silica. Pig iron produced from these ores will cost considerably more
than pig iron now produced at the Kuznetsk Combine.
26
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The newly discovered ferruginous ores 250 kilometers from Tomsk do
not change the situation. The low-grade Kolpashevo ores (36 percent iron
content) with a mixed mineral composition can be satisfactorily concen-
trated only by complicated methods. A possible method of exploiting this
deposit is by underground mining under difficult hydrogeological conditions.
In this way, the magnetitic deposits can be used for producing a cheaper
and better-quality ore. The searching parties in the Kolpashevo region
may possibly discover ore sections more favorable for exploitation and
ore of higher quality. At present, the Kolpashevo iron ore basin is of
secondary importance, despite its large iron ore reserves which amount
to more than 30 billion tons.
The explored reserves of ore of the Korshunovskoye and Rudnogorskoye
deposits in Siberia can ensure production of only 170 million tons of pig
iron. The Berezovskoye Deposit-with hydrogoethite and siderite ores, which
can supply enough ore for the production of 100 million tons of pig iron,
is removed from the main railway network. It is doubtful whether it can
be exploited in the near future. Therefore, it is more feasible to press
exploration in the prospective Angaro-Ilimsk iron ore region, so that the
three projected East Siberia ferrous metallurgical plants will be oppor-
tunely ensured of local ores.
Certainly, the Aldan group of magnetitic ore deposits in Yakutskaya
ASSR is of interest. Nearby coal deposits, which have coal suitable for
coking, are being explored.
The Far East, as yet, has limited known reserves of iron ores. The
possible pig iron production from these magnetitic and readily concen-
trated ores is estimated at about 100 million tons. The Garinskoye De-
r sit is quite removed from a railroad line, but the Kimkanskoye Deposit
agnetitic ferruginous quartzite ores) ores could be used at Komsomol"sk-
na-Amur. This situation and the problem of supplying the ferrous
metallurgical industry in the Far East delay a beginning to industrial
exploitation of the explored deposits.
The reserves of iron ore investigated at present in the Kazakh SSR
will ensure the production cf almost 2 billion tons of pig iron. About
40 percent of these reserves will require concentration by complicated
means. Only 10 percent of the ores will require no concentration. These
ores are in the Atasu region of Karagandinskaya Oblast. These deposits
can supply ore for the production of 3.5 million tons of pig iron a year.
There is promise of considerable reserves of ore at the Atansorskoye De-
posit in Severo-Kazakhstanskaya Oblast. However, geological exploratory
work in this area is dragging.
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The ores of the Kustanay group of deposits, the Sokolovskoye, Sarbay-
skoye, Kacharskoye, and other deposits are readily concentrated. Possible
pig iron production from the investigated ores is estimated at 700 million
tons. These deposits are looked upon as a supplementary source for the
Magnitogorsk Combine.
More than 20 million tons of pig iron a year can be produced from the
ores of the Lisakovskoye and Ayatskoye deposits. The large-scale extraction
of ore by open-pit mining (more than 4+0 million tons a year) at a low cost
(3-5 rubles per ton of ore will compensate to a considerable degree for in-
creased costs to prepare the ores for smelting.
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11
 Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03107A000200020001-7
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4)+)
 Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03107A000200020001-7
IRON ORE BASE FOR ZAPADNO-SIBIRSKIY PLANT -- Moscow, Geografiya v
Shkole, No 6, Nov/Dec 57, p 62
The Zapadno-Sibirskiy Metallurgical Plant is being built 17 kilo-
meters from Stalinsk. The plant will have the largest blast furnaces in
the world, and it will have a production capacity second only to that of
the Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Combine.
Of particular importance for the plant is the development of an ore
base. Since geological work was just being started on the deposits, the
Kuznetsk Metallurgical Combine was built on the basis of ore deposits in
the Urals. From 1930 to 1933, a number of ore deposits, the Shalymskoye,
Sheregeshskoye, Tashtagol?skoye, Teyskoye, and others, were discovered.
The iron ore reserves in Gornaya Shoriya and Khakassiya, estimated at
447 million tons in 1933, exceeded those of Magnitnaya Mountain. In 1930,
construction was started on the first mine, the Temir Tau Mine. But since
then, only five average and small mines have been built. Ore is still
delivered from the Urals to the Kuzbass in considerable amounts.
The laying of railroads and branch lines to the deposits in West
Siberia contributed to the success in working the deposits. The Stalinsk-
Abakan Line, which is being built to connect the Kuznetsk and Zapadno-
Sibirskiy enterprises with the Khakassiya deposits, is of great importance.
ORE RESERVES IN K STANAYASKAYA OBLAST -- Minsk, Sovetskaya Belorussiya,
14 Nov 57
According to the former chief engineer of Glavruda (Main Administra-
tion of the Ore Industry), the total geological reserves of iron ore in
the Kustanay Basin amount to more than 10 billion tons. The reserves in
the basin are five times as great as those in the Krivoy Rog Basin.
In 19589 construction will be started on a complex of enterprises
north of the settlement of Lisakovsk. These enterprises will have double
the capacity of the Sokolovsk-Sarbay Ore Concentrating Combine. A town,
which is to be built in this area, still has not been given a name.
Most of the deposits in the Kustanay Basin contain magnetitic ores
with iron contents of 45 to 6o percent. The Lisakovsk phosphoritic ores
have an iron content of 36 to 38 percent, which is similar to the Lorraine
ores. The Kustanay Metallurgical Plant is being planned on this base of
raw material. The plant will use the Thomas process of steel production.
Besides producing steel, the plant will also produce large quantities of
phosphoritic soil conditioners.
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CONSTRUCTION UNDER WAY AT MIKHAYLOVKA -- Moscow, Vodnyy Transport, 23 Nov 57
Hundreds of workers and specialists from the Donbass, Urals, Siberia,
and Kazakhstan have come to Mikhaylovka in the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly to
work. The Kurskrudstroy Trust has been established. The trust has begun
construction on industrial and communal buildings. Work has also started
on stripping the overburden from sections of the ore deposits.
USSR TO PRODUCE 250-300 MILLION TONS OF IRON ORE ANNUALLY -- Kiev, Pravda
Ukrainy, 15 Nov 57
It was indicated at the jubilee session of the Supreme Soviet USSR
that iron ore extraction in the Soviet Union in the next 15 years will
increase to 250-300 million tons annually.
The Krivoy Rog mines will have to increase ore extraction from 40
million tons a year to 90 million tons.
The Krivoy Rog Geological and Exploration Trust has discovered five
large ferruginous quartzite deposits. Exploratory work has now started
on the so-called Annovskoye Deposit, whose industrial reserves are esti-
mated at one billion tons of magnetitic ore. An ore-concentrating com-
bine with an annual output of 5 million tons of concentrates will be
built on the basis of this deposit. Planning of two more combines has
been started.
In all, the basin will have seven combines in the near future. These
combines will produce 40 million tons of concentrates a year.
MEASURES TAKEN TO IMPROVE PRODUCTION AT BAKAL MINE ADMINISTRATION -- Moscow,
Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 17 Nov 57
The acting chief engineer of the rhelyabinskiy Sovnarkhoz Metallurgi-
cal Industry Administration, after examining the operations of the Bakal
Mine Administration, has instructed the management to increase the ship-
ment of ore and improve its quality.
Particular attention was given to strengthening production and tech-
nological discipline., observing weekly and daily production schedules,
eliminating accidents, and improving the quality of equipment repairs.
The managements of the administration and of the Yuzhuralmetallurgstroy
Trust were made responsible for having the most important construction
projects at the mine in operation on schedule.
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The chief mechanic and the chief of Capital Construction Administra-
tion of the sovnarkhoz were charged with ensuring that the Bakal Mine
Administration has the necessary equipment and spare parts. The director
of the Magnitogorsk Mining Equipment Plant was instructed to have 4+0 dump
cars for transporting ore at the mine built by the end of 1957.
PIT IN OPERATION AT IMENI LUKSEMBURG MINE -- Moscow, Rabochaya Gazeta,
5 Nov 57
The Dnepropetrovskaya-Komsomol'skaya Pit No 1 of the Mine imeni
Rosa Luksemburg has been put into operation. The pit will have an annual
iron ore output of 200,000 tons.
KARADZHAL IRON ORE MINE BEING BUILT -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya
Gazeta, 3 Jul 57
The Karadzhal Mine is being built for the extraction of iron ore.
The first shaft of the mine will be driven to a depth of 600 meters. The
planned annual output for the shaft is 2.2 million tons. Work on the
shaft has been complicated by underground water.
The foundation has been laid for the ore-crushing mill. The mill
will process 1.2 million tons of ore annually. Two production lines for
crushing iron and manganese ores simultaneously have been provided for.
A water system for the mine is being built; the water of the Atasu
River will be used. A water reservoir covering 10 square kilometers is to
be built by 1958.
SKIPS AT SAGSAGAN' PIT START OPERATING -- Kiev, Rabochaya Gazeta, 6 Nov 57
The skips of the Saksagan' Iron Ore Pit, which will produce 3.5 mil-
lion tons of ore annually, have started operating. This pit is second
in output to the Gigant Pit, the largest iron ore pit in the USSR.
The skips carry a load of 25 tons and travel at a speed of one kilo-
meter per minute. Loads are carried from a depth of 1,100-1,200 meters.
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Miscellaneous
LABOR PRODUCTIVITY INCREASES IN FERROUS METALLURGICAL INDUSTRY -- Moscow,
Stall, No 11, Nov 57s p 1011
In 1956, labor productivity in the USSR ferrous metallurgical indus-
try was 98.7 percent greater than in 1940. The greatest increase was
made during the period 1946-19509 when productivity per worker increased
72.7 percent.
In the Fifth Five-Year Plan period, labor productivity in the indus-
try increased 46.7 percent. Production increased 79.4 percent and the
number of workers 22.3 percent.
In 1956; pig iron production per blast-furnace worker was 2.3 times
as great as in 1940. This increase was connected with the considerable
increase in the average volume of blast furnaces.
In 1956, labor productivity in open-hearth production was more than
twice as great as in 1940.
In 1956, labor productivity in rolling mill shops increased only
67.9 percent over 1940. This is explained by the increased output of
more complicated shapes, and also by the production of quality steel,
which required an increase in the number of workers for cleaning the
metal.
LABOR PRODUCTIVITY IN IRON ORE INDUSTRY -- Moscow, Gornyy Zhurnal, No 11,
Nov 579 p 3
Labor productivity in the iron ore industry was 199 tons per worker
in 1913, 283.9 tons in 1928, 353.4 tons in 1932, and 904.6 tons in 1937
TYPES OF PRODUCTION AT MOGILEV PLANT -- Minsk, Sovetskaya Belorussiya,
14 Nov 57
The Mogilev Metallurgical Plant produces not only water and sewage
pipe, but also roofing and sheet steel. Besides supplying the Belorussian
SSR with pipes the plant also sends products to the Lithuanian, Latvian,
and Estonian SSR9, the Karelian ASSR, and the Leningrad and Murmansk eco-
nomic regions.
The plant has been expanding its assortment of products. Sheet steel
is now sent to the Minsk tractor and motor vehicle plants.
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STAL'PROYEIQ INSTITUTE NEEDS I GINEERS AND TECHNICIANS -- Moscow, Vechernyaya
Moskva, 18 Nov 5?
Stal'proyekt Institute needs engineers and technicians who are spe-
cialists in computing machines, pulse technique, and automation, for per-
manent work.
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IV. NONFERROUS METALLURGY
Production
REFINED COPPER PRODUCTION IN KAZAKH SSR INCREASES IN FIRST HALF 1957 --
Alma Ata, 13loknot Agitatora, No 17, Sep 57, P 33
In 6 months of 1957, refined copper production in the Kazakh SSR
increased 36 percent, zinc production 16 percent, and nonferrous metal
rolled stock production 12 percent over the corresponding period of 1956.
KIRGIZ SSR ENTERPRISES INCREASE NONFERROUS PRODUCTION -- Frunze,
Sovetskaya Kirgiziya, 5 Nov 57
In 1956, enterprises of the nonferrous metallurgical industry of the
Kirgiz SSR produced 13 times as much products as in 1940. The Kirgiz SSR
is the foremost producer in the Soviet Union of mercury and antimony.
TYRNY-AUZ PLANT PRODUCES ONE THIRD OF ALL USSR TUNGSTEN AND MOLYBDENUM --
Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 5 Jul 57
The Tyrriy-Auz Tungsten and Molybdenum Combine produces about one
third of the tungsten and molybdenum produced in the Soviet Union.
The combine is being expanded, and in 1960, the combine must produce
2.5 times as much products as in 1955.
Moscow, Gornyy Zhurnal, No 11, Nov 57, P 32
Sixty-one percent of the tungsten in the USSR is extracted from skarn-
like tungsten-molybdenum ores and 37 percent from quartzite vein ores.
LEAD PRODUCTION INCREASED ONE THIRD SINCE 1950 AT CHIMIENT PLANT -_ Alma
Ata, Kazakhstanskaya Pravda, 17 Nov 57
Since 1950, the Chimkent Lead Plant has increased metal production by
one third. A technology for producing the highest grades of lead, which
are used in atomic reactors, has been mastered.
In 1957, the plant has produced 13 million rubles' worth of products
above plan.
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FAR NORTH GOLD PRODUCTION PLAN FULFILLED -- Leningradskaya Pravda, 16 Oct
57
Miners in the Far North have successfully fulfilled the annual plan
for the extraction of gold, and they have also fulfilled the plan for
surveying gold-bearing areas which will be worked next year.
In 1958, workers in the Far North must increase gold extraction con-
siderably. They will put 30 new placers into operation.
1957 TADZHIK SSR TUNGSTEN ORE PRODUCTION INCREASED OVER 1956 -- Stalinabad,
Kommunist Tadzhikistan, 1 Nov 57
In 1957, enterprises in the Tadzhik SSR have increased tungsten ore
production 13 percent over 1956, zinc concentrate production 51 percent,
ozocerite production 38 percent, and antimony concentrate production 24
percent.
64+ PERCENT OF NICKEL PRODUCED FROM SULFIDE ORES -- Moscow, Gornyy Zhurnal,
No 11, Nov 57, p 31
Sixty-four percent.of all nickel produced in the USSR is produced
from sulfide ores. Seventy-seven percent of all the nickel ore reserves
in the USSR consist of sulfide ores.
Construction
CONSTRUCTION STARTED ON SECOND SECTION OF SUMGAIT ALUMINUM PLANT -- Baku,
Bakinskiy Rabochiy, 2 Nov 57
Construction has begun on the second section of the Sumgait Aluminum
Plant. The personnel of the Zakpromstroy Trust of the Aluminstroy Con-
struction Administration have started building the third building which
will house dozens of electrolytic baths.
The plans call for the plant to be completed in 1959, and in 1960,
the plant will be operating at full capacity. All aluminum production
processes will be mechanized and automatized.
The Sumgait Aluminum Plant is the foremost nonferrous metallurgical
plant in the Azerbaydzhan SSR, The personnel of the plant have been work-
ing well, and each month the plan is exceeded and production of metal in-
creased. The projected output of the first section of the plant has been
exceeded by one third.
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Technology
HIGH-INTENSITY CYCLONE FURNACE DEVELOPED FOR SMELTING COPPER ORE -- Moscow,
Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 17 Nov 57
The Institute of Power Engineering of the Academy of Sciences Kazakh
SSR has developed a new high-intensity cyclone furnace for smelting fine
ore and concentrates.
Air is blown into a cylindrical smelting furnace tangential to a
cylinder which rotates at more than 100 meters per second. A swirling
vortex is formed in the furnace. The fine ore fed into the furnace is
caught in the vortex and thrown against the wall where it sticks to a
molten film of melted material; while being blown over, the fine ore is
quickly heated and melted,
The molten material flows along the wall to a special chamber under
the furnace where it settles and separates. Out of this chamber come
finished material and slag.
The new method has been used for processing heats of copper, copper-
zinc, and polymetallic concentrates and of zinc production tailings.
The productivity of the smelting area of a cyclone furnace is 10
times as great as smelting in a shaft furnace, 15 times as great as smelt-
ing in the suspended state, and 30 times as great as smelting in a re-
verberatory furnace.
In the cyclone furnace method of smelting, the powder-like material
is better trapped on the wall which is covered with a molten film of
melted matter. Because of this, the losses of valuable metals in the
smoke greatly decreases.
The first semi-industrial cyclone unit with a productivity of 100
tons per day has been built at the Balkhash Copper-Smelting Plant.
TECHNOLOGY IMPROVED FOR ALUMINUM PRODUCTION -- Vilonyus, Sovetskaya Litva,
17 Nov 57
In 1932, the first electrolytic baths in the Soviet Union required
23,000 amperes and produced 150 kilograms of aluminum per day. Present
electrolytic baths are calculated to require 130,000 amperes and produce
940 kilograms of aluminum a day.
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ELECTROSMELTING OF POLYMETALLIC ORE INTERMEDIATE PRODUCTS -- Moscow,
Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 10 Jul 57
The Scientific Research Institute for Nonferrous Metallurgy (Gintsvet-
met) has been working on electrosmelting of intermediate products for more
than 10 years. Positive laboratory results have been obtained by the in-
stitute in separating several elements from polymetallic ore intermediate
products produced by concentrating mills in the Kazakh SSR. Not having
completed its investigative work, particularly on producing metallic lead
and zinc from these products or on developing a technology for reprocess-
ing intermediate products, the institute in 1952 achieved a postponement
for further experimental work at the Irtysh Polymetallic Combine Plant,
where an experimental shop costing about 8 million rubles was built in
1954. Electrosmelting of intermediate products under industrial conditions
was begun at this plant.
A section composed of nine men under the guidance of Candidate of
Technical Sciences M. Lakernik of the institute is conducting the experi-
mental work. Five members of the section are experimenting in Moscow.
However, Lakernik and his assistant make many monthly trips to the plant.
They pick up the data and return to Moscow to continue their experiments.
Plant personnel receive no information on experiment results. Further-
more, there are few results. There is still no effective method of re-
processing intermediate products.
Personnel of the Irtysh Plant propose establishing an experimental
group and a central laboratory to transfer all experimental work from the
institute to the plant.
The experimental shop and the permanent experimental group should
be under a single management. The plant's experimental shop is of impor-
tance on a republic level. The shop is now mastering a method for reproc-
essing an intermediate product for the production of copper matte, rough
lead, and metallic zinc. In the future, the shop will have to concern
itself with the extraction of cadmium from tailings and conduct experiments
in processing titanium-nickel ores.
TYPES OF MATERIALS TO BE USED IN ALUMINUM PRODUCTION -- Moscow, Tsvetnyye
Metally, No 11, Nov 57
The rapid development of the aluminum industry, which is called for
by the Sixth Five-Year Plan, will be continued in the future. The develop-
ment of the industry will require larger aluminum ore reserves. Besides
using low-silicieous bauxites for the production of alumina, nephelites
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and alunits will be more extensively used. In various parts of the USSR
it may become advantageous to produce alumina also from clays and the ash
of coal having a similar composition. To successfully process this alu-
minum raw material, acid methods can be used, particularly the sulfuric
acid method which deserves the most attention.
Deposits, Mines, Concentrating Plants
USSR RESERVES OF COPPER-BEARING ORES IN 1938 AND 1957 -- Moscow, Gornyy
Zhurnal, No 11, Nov 57, pp 31-33
Reserves of various copper-bearing ores in the USSR and the extraction
of copper from those ores for 1938 and 1957 are as follows (in percent):
Type of Ore
Reserves
Copper Extraction
1938
1957
1938
1957
Copper-bearing sands
20.2
26
6.1
25.8
Copper sulfides
11+.5
26
82.7
36.9
Copper-molybdenum
52.2
21
--
20.2
Copper ores in silicate
contact gangue
1.5
1+
2.3
1.1
Others
11.6
23
8.9
16.0
Reserves of lead ores and the extraction of lead from those ores for
1938 and 1957 are as follows (in percent):
Type of Ore
Reserves
Lead Extraction
1938
1957
1938
1957
Lead-zinc sulfide ores
62.5
140
25.0
141+.0
Lead-zinc ores in carbonates
22.2
33
149.0
21.0
Lead-zinc ores in silicate
gangue
6.8
15
12.5
18,0
8.5
12
13.5
17.0
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Reserves of zinc ores and the extraction of zinc from those ores for
1938 and 1957 are as follows (in percent):
Type of Ore
Reserves
Zinc Extraction
1938
1238
1957
Lead-zinc sulfide ores
78.8
77
63.0
65.0
Lead-zinc ores in carbonates
8.9
11
--
16.0
Lead-zinc ores in silicate
contact gangue
4.7
8
15.7
12.0
7.6
4
21.3
7.0
Reserves of molybdenum ores and the extraction of molybdenum from
those ores for 1 January 1957 are as follows (in percent):
Molybdenum
Type of Ore Reserves Extraction
Copper-molybdenum
Impregnated molybdenum ores
in igneous rock
Molybdenum in silicate
contact gangue together
with scheelite
42.2 25.7
26.0 24.2
17.5
Molybdenum in quartzite veins
10.3
26.3
23.8
1957 BAUXITE RESERVES 287 PERCENT OF THOSE IN 1929 -- Moscow, Gornyy
Zhurnal, No 11, Nov 57, Pp 32-33
The known bauxite reserves in the USSR in 1957 are 287 percent of
those in 1929.
RESERVES OF USSR MANGANESE ORE DEPOSITS -- Moscow, Razvedka i Okrana
Nedr, No 11, Nov 57, pp 17-19
The Nikolayevskoye Deposit of manganese ores in the Ukrainian SSR has
an area of 500 square kilometers. A strip bearing no ore divides the
deposit into the eastern and western sections. At present, the deposit
has been almost totally investigated. Its reserves are estimated to ex-
ceed one billion tons.
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The Bol'shoye Tokmakskoye Deposit in the Ukrainian SSR was discovered
in the last few years. The ores in the deposit are almost exclusively
carbonate types. The deposit extends for 90 kilometers and varies in width
from 2 to 7 kilometers. The ore reserves are estimated to be 800 million
to one billion tons.
Although the Chiatura Deposit has been exploited for many years, the
reserves of this deposit as of 1 January 1956 are estimated to be about
185 million tons.
The Ural deposits of manganese ore consist of many varied types. The
Northern Urals manganese basin has a meridinal extension for 150 kilometers.
At present, the investigated reserves in the Northern Urals are about 50
million tons.
DECIDE ON METHOD OF ORE EXTRACTION AT NIKOIAYEVSKOYE DEPOSIT -- Alma Ata,
Kazakhstanskaya Pravda, 1 Nov 57
The Vostochno-Kazakhstanskiy Sovnarkhoz and Gosplan Kazakh SSR held
a conference to determine the best method to work the Nikolayevskoye Deposit,
either by the underground or by the open-pit method. The open-pit method
requires a large capital outlay. Most of the participants believed that
the open-cut method of mining should be used at the deposit. With this
method of mining there will be no danger of underground fires.
COPPER ORE FOUND IN FOOTHILLS OF CAUCASUS RANGE -- Moscow, Na Stroitel'stve
Truboprovodov, 22 Nov 57
An expedition of the Severo-Kavkazkiy Geological Administration has
found several copper ore-bearing zones in the foothills of the Caucasus
Range. These ores have a high copper content.
The work of determining the reserves of ore has been completed.
CHIRAGIDZOR MINE ADMINISTRATION FULFILLS PLAN -- Baku, Bakinskiy Rabochiy,
13 Nov 57
The Chiragidzor Mine Administration has fulfilled its 11-month plan
for the production of pyrites.
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LOAD TURNOVER AT BAZHENOV ASBESTOS MINES -- Moscow, Gornyy Zhurnal, No 11
Nov 57, p 1+2
At present, load turnovers of 35-1+0 million tons a year at existing-
and planned open-pit mines are usual. The load turnover at the Bazhenov
Asbestos Mines is 35-1+0 million tons per year. In the following 5-year-
plan period, it will be brought up to 90-95 million tons a year.
URTITE WITH HIGH NEPHELITE CONTENT FOUND IN KEMEROVSKAYA OBLAST -- Frunze,
Sovetskaya Kirgiziya, 1 Nov 57
At the source of the Kiya Shaltyr River in Tisul'skiy Rayon, Kemerov-
skaya Oblast, rich deposits of urtite with a high nephelite content have
been found. The Kiya-Shaltyrskoye Deposit of urtite will be a great addi-
tion in the raw material base for the aluminum industry in the Kemerovo
area, according to A. M. Chusanov, chief of the geological section of the
Kemerovskiy Sovnarkhoz.
TECHNOLOGICAL IMPROVEMENTS AT KADZHARAN COMBINE INCREASE PRODUCTION --
Yerevan, Kommunist, 16 Nov 57
Because of technological improvements at the concentrating mill of
the Kadzharan Copper and Molybdenum Combine, the mill fulfilled its 1957
plan for the production of copper concentrate on 20 October and for moly-
bdenum concentrate on.1+ November. Since the beginning of 1957, more than
8.2 million rubles' worth of products have been produced above plan. Labor
productivity improved 16.7 percent. The cost of products decreased 12.3
percent.
At present, the concentrating mill has the highest extraction of
molybdenum of all the concentrating mills in the USSR. The quality of
concentrates has improved. In 1957, the copper content in copper con-
centrates was increased 18 percent. The production of higher grades of
molybdenum concentrate was also increased.
DIAMOND DEPOSITS IN URALS AND YAKUTSKAYA ASSR -- Moscow, Gornyy Zhurnal,
No 11, 1957, pp 33, 1+0
Searching and investigating operations for diamond deposits in the
USSR were regularly organized between 1928 and 1938. In 1938, diamond
placers were discovered in the Urals.
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The development of these Ural deposits began in 1941 by underground
methods of mining. Despite the small reserve of diamonds in the deposits,
but because of the presence of terrace and valley placers and the favorable
correlation of rock to sand volume, it was feasible to work the deposits
by open-cut methods. At present, underground mining for extracting diamonds
in the Urals is not done.
The initial diamond mining enterprises were not very productive be-
cause of insufficient mechanization. The situation changed greatly after
the war when open pits were mechanized and concentrating plants were oper-
ated throughout the year.
In 1949, the Ministry of Geology and Conservation of Mineral Resources
discovered a new diamond-bearing area in the Yakutskaya ASSR, where, after
5 years, dozens of placers richer than those in the Urals were found.
The first diamonds were found by G. Kh. Faynshteyn in the Yakutskaya
ASSR. In 1954, the first root diamond deposit, the Zarnitsa, was discovered
in the USSR.
The main diamond reserves in the Yakutskaya ASSR are concentrated in
root deposits. The geological nature of these deposits and the diamond
content will make it possible to build large diamond mining enterprises
which will operate for a long while.
The methods of concentrating ores have been worked out by various
research institutes, and the methods have been checked over a long period.
Research continues, and according to preliminary data, it can be counted
on to improve ore concentration for a greater yield of diamonds and to
lower the costs of ore processing. The presence of large reserves of
brown coals and natural gas in the Vilyuiy and Markha river basins will
ensure fuel to the diamond mining enterprises. The upper zones of the
root deposits are made up of small-grained residual rock, which will make
mining, and particularly the processing of ore, easy in the initial stages
of exploitation.
The second most important source of diamonds in the Yakutskaya ASSR
are the valley, terrace, and stream placers of the small rivers, whose
basins hold the root deposits. These placer deposits are rich in diamonds.
Large capital investment is not needed to exploit them. Exploitation of
these sources depends on the seasons.
Other types of diamond-bearing deposits have lesser value, and obvi-
ously, they will be worked much later.
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The diamond reserves that have been found will not only ensure the
USSR with its own requirements for industrial diamonds, but will also per-
mit industry to greatly increase its use of diamonds.
Leningrad, Kostyer, No 11, Nov 57, p 44
At present, several dozen diamond pipes have been discovered on the
Central Siberian Plateau. The tops of the pipes were for a long time
erroded by rain, riverlets, and wind. Thus placers were formed around
the pipes. Then part of the placers were washed away by rivers, and the
water carried the diamonds far away. These placers will be worked by
washing the sand and gravel.
Geologists consider the diamond deposits in the northwestern part of
the Yakutskaya ASSR to be richer than those in Africa. There will be
enough diamonds not only for the Soviet Union, but also for all the
People's Democracies.
Miscellaneous
NONFERROUS METALLURGICAL INDUSTRY ADVANCE IN UZBEK SSR -- Moscow,
Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 3 Nov 57
The nonferrous metallurgical industry in the Uzbek SSR is advancing.
The Chirchik Hard Alloys Plant, the Altyn-Topkan Copper and Molybdenum
Combine, and the Almalyk Lead and Zinc Combine are already producing.
UST'-KAMENOGORSK COMBINE PRODUCES 14 KINDS OF PRODUCTS -- Alma Ata,
Kazakhstanskaya Pravda, 16 Nov 57
In 1957, the Ust'-Kamenogorsk Lead and Zinc Combine produced 14 kinds
of products which included zinc, lead, cadmium, thallium, and sulfuric
acid.
DIAMOND TOWN MIRNYY UNDER CONSTRUCTION -- Moscow, Sovetskaya Rossiya,
2 Nov 57
Today, it would be difficult to recognize Botuobuyya. Airplanes fly
over this diamond country one after the other, helicopters hover about,
hundreds of motor vehicles travel to the diamond settlement. Mirnyy is
now being built.
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GOLD NUGGET FOUND AT CHELYABINSKAYA OBLAST PLACER -- Baku, Bakinskiy
Rabochiy, 13 Nov 57
A gold nugget has been found at the Lenin Placer in Chelyabinskaya
Oblast weighing 2 kilograms 995 grams.
GEOLOGICAL MAP DRAWN OF SOUTHWEST ALTAY REGION -- Alma Ata, Kazakhstanskaya
Pravda, 13 Nov 57
Geologists in East Kazakhstan have produced a geological map for the
southwest area of the Altay region. Data include information on Vostochno-
Kazakhstanskaya and Semipalatinskaya oblasts and on Altayskiy Kray. The
map shows the distribution of ores and discoveries of useful minerals.
KAZAKH TRUST LIQUIDATED -- Alma Ata, Kazakhstanskaya Pravda, 1 Nov 57
The Kazakh Geological and Prospecting Trust is being liquidated.
POSITIONS ANNOUNCED IN VARIOUS INSTITUTES -- Moscow, Vechernyaya Moskva,
12 Nov 57
The Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy,
and Geochemistry of the Academy of Sciences USSR announces periodic com-
petition for positions of chief of section in physical and chemical ex-
perimentation, chief of section on the geology of nonmetallic minerals,
chief of research laboratories on high temperature and normal pressures,
and laboratories on hydrothermal and hypogenous experiments.
Tashkent, Pravda Vostoka, 12 Nov 57
The Central Asia Scientific Research Institute of Geology and Mineral
Raw Materials announces positions for senior and junior scientific as-
sistants and senior engineers as heads of sections and laboratories in
the following fields: regional geology, paleontology and stratigraphy,
metallic and nonmetallic minerals, mineralogy, petrography geophysics,
beneficiation, techniques and methods of geological investigative operations,
analytical chemistry, and physics (spectrographs and vacuums).
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Moscow, Vechernyaya Moskva, 12 Nov 57
The Geological Institute of the Academy of Sciences USSR announces
competitive positions for senior assistants and doctors or candidates of
geological and mineralogical sciences specializing.in stratigraphy and
biostratigraphy (four positions) and in stratigraphy and paleoflora (two
positions).
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V. COAL INDUSTRY
General
LABOR PRODUCTIVITY-AND CONSUMPTION IN USSR MINES -- Moscow, Shakhtnoye
Stroitel'stvo, No 9, Sep 57, pp 1-3
Labor consumption in the stopes and in preparatory work in the mines
of the basic coal basins of the USSR roughly approximates that of the
western European nations, but is five to eight times that of the mines in
Illinois, the best in the US. Labor consumption in underground transport
is 2.2 times that of the US. The highest labor costs in the USSR are to
be found in the underground processes and in surface mine work.
Productivity per shift in coal extraction in the USSR averaged 1.1+3
tons in 1955. In the US, the per-shift productivity in the extraction of
bituminous and brown coal (according to comparable methods of accounting)
was 8.8 tons in 1951+, while in the UK it was 1.46 tons, West Germany 1.57
tons, and France 1.92 tons.
The open-pit method is the most effective form of coal extraction.
Capital expenditures average 120 rubles per ton of planned annual output
in this method and 230 rubles by the underground method. Labor productivity
in open-pit extraction averages 230-300 tons a month, in comparison with
60-70 tons in underground work; the cost per ton is 29 rubles, as compared
with 86 rubles in underground work.
The average monthly labor productivity of workers in coal output in
the former Ministry of Coal Industry was 68.3 tons according to 1951-1952
plans and 63.2 tons according to 1951+-1955 plans.
Relative capital investments per ton of annual production for 1951-
19.52 and 1954-1955 averaged 232.6 rubles and 258.8 rubles, respectively,
in the Donbass, 208.8 and 280.8 rubles in the Mosbass, 253.1 and 303.0
rubles in the Kizel Basin, and 178.2 and 191.7 rubles in the Kuzbass.
The rise in estimated cost of mines in recent years has resulted
from several geological and hydrogeological conditions in the new deposits,
installation of more modern mine supports and equipment, the necessity
for regulation of mine economy, modernization of coal extraction and pro-
cessing methods, and improved housing, cultural, and social conditions
for the workers.
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To boost the technical levels of production and the effectiveness
of capital investments in the construction of USSR coal industry enter-
prises, it is necessary to conduct a rigorous analysis of the causes for
lagging technical levels and basic economic indexes of the work of the
enterprises, to develop and carry out concrete measures ensuring the future
creation of coal mines and pits and concentration plants with accounting
methods better than the best in the world today.
There should be radical improvement in coal extraction and concentration
techniques, so that the USSR coal industry may occupy a leading place in
the world in terms of qualitative indicators and particularly in labor
productivity.
In line with determining concrete tasks for technical progress, it
is necessary to work out, during the next.10-15 years, plans for develop-
ment of the USSR coal industry and for introduction of new techniques in
production as well as in the construction of coal industry enterprises.
Further work on the creation of mines, pits, and concentration plants of
a new design is also necessary.
Mine productivity for deposits with sufficient coal reserves and
favorable mining conditions must range from 900 to 6,000 tons a year in
the Donets, Kuznetsk, and Karaganda Basins and from 300 to 900 in the
Mosbass.
Plans include broad development of hydraulic extraction and transport
of coal, complex automation and mechanization of underground and surface
basic and auxiliary extraction processes, development of highly productive
machines and mechanisms adequate for the mining conditions of the particular
deposit, broad application of rational work methods as well as construction
and equipment of various types, and the bunkerless loading of coal.
Donets Basin
FULFILL 10-MONTH PLAN GOALS -- Kiev, Rabochaya Gazeta, 1 Nov 57
The miners of the Ukraine have fulfilled their 10-month plan goals
for output. The enterprises of the Voroshilovgradskiy Sovnarkhoz are
400,000 tons over the plan goals. The coal and fuel combine of the Kievskiy
Sovnarkhoz and the Novovolynskugol' Trust of the L'vovskiy Sovnarkhoz did
satisfactory work.
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NEW CONCENTRATION PLANT -- Kiev, Pravda Ukrainy, 12 Nov 57
The Yasinovstroy Trust has turned over for operation a coal concen-
tration plant at the Yasinovka Coke-Chemical Plant. The new plant, one
of the largest in the USSR, can process 800 tons of run-of-the-mine coal
daily. It can process the output of about 12 Donbass mines of average
capacity in one shift. More than 600 machines and mechanisms, controlled
from a main panel, are housed in a 1l+-story building.
BEGIN MINING OPERATIONS -- Kiev, Pravda Ukrainy, 11 Nov 57
Mines Voroshilovgradskaya No 1 and 2, Khmel'nitskaya, Khersonskaya,
Moldavskaya, L'vovskaya, and Odesskaya have begun mining operations.
[Comment: These. mines, as well as others constructed with Komsomol aid,
are sometimes reported with "Komsomol'skaya" following the name.]
Kiev, Pravda Ukrainy, 12 Nov 57
Mine Belorechenskaya has been turned over to the Leninugol' Trust
for operations.
Kiev, Rabochaya Gazeta, 5 Nov 57
Mine Butovka-Glubokaya has begun mining operations in Makeyevka. The
mine, built by the Makeyevshakhtostroy Trust, is the first of a number of
large mines in the area. It will have an advanced mining school and is
expected to have a capacity of 1,000 to 1,500 tons a day.
Kiev, Pravda Ukrainy, 7 Nov 57
Mines Zhitomirskaya-Komsomol'skaya, Ravenskaya-Komsomol'skaya, and
Poltavskaya-Komsomcl'skaya No 1 have begun operations ahead of schedule.
Moscow, Komsomol'skaya Pravda, 11 Nov 57
Mine Cherkasskaya-Severnaya No 2 has begun operations. The mine is
the largest of those built in Voroshilovgradskaya Oblast in 1957. A city-
type settlement for miners has been built, including an intermediate school,
dispensary, hospital, stores, dining hall, kindergarten, and nursery.
Eleven Komsomol mines have been built by rapid methods in Voroshilovgrad-
skaya Oblast.
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Moscow, Komsomol'skaya Pravda, 14+ Nov 57
Mine Khar'kovskaya-Komsomol'skaya No 2 has begun mining operations.
Kiev, Pravda Ukrainy, 12 Nov 57
Mines Krymskaya-Komsomol'skaya and Vinnitskaya-Komsomol'skaya No 1
have been turned over for mining operations.
Kiev, Rabochaya Gazeta, 1 Nov 57
Mine Velikomostovskaya No 2, the largest in the Ukraine, will go
into operation at the end of 1957. At present, 15 mines are under con-
struction in the republic.
Kiev, Rabochaya Gazeta, 5 Nov 57
The planned capacity of Mine L'vovskaya-Komsomol'skaya, now under
construction, is 500 tons a day.
Kiev, Pravda Ukrainy, 1 Nov 57
Mine Ternovskaya No 1, now under construction, will have a capacity
of almost one million tons a year. The mine is located in Dnepropetrov-
skaya Oblast, near Pavlograd.
Lvov-Volyn Basin
MINING AND GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya
Gazeta, 13 Nov 57
The L'vov-Volyn basin consists of four deposits extending from south
to north along the South Bug River, from Velikiye Mosty in L'vovskaya
Oblast to Ustilug, a rayon center of Volynskaya Oblast. Fields for 42
mines with an annual production capacity of 20 million tons have been
surveyed. Detailed surveying work is being done in the Tyaglov sector,
where three seams with a thickness of 0.5 to 1.2 meters have been re-
vealed, and it is expected that there will be eight to ten mine fields
organized in the area. Recent data also confirm the existence of coal
deposits in the northwestern area of Volynskaya Oblast.
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The number of workable seams in the various sections varies from one
to six, their thickness varies from 0.5 to 2 meters, and the space between
seams varies from 6 to 60 meters. The roofs are of shale of average to
somewhat weak stability, particularly toward the upper seams, which lie
horizontally in folds. The coal lies at a depth of 350 to 600 meters.
Mine construction in this basin was provided for at the end of the
first postwar 5-year plan. The first mine in Volyn began operation in
June 1954. One or two new enterprises have gone into production every
year since that time.
The plans for coal mines were carried out solely on the results of
surveying and without previous test data. Therefore, not all the geological
particulars of the basin were learned in time. This had a negative effect
on the rate of organizing new mines and a resultant series of new difficul-
ties have arisen.
Plans provide for roof control in the faces by partial filling, where-
as it would be more practical to control through complete caving. In the
search for correct solutions much energy and time was expended, as it
was necessary to determine the rate of caving as well as the rate of
strengthening in connection with the various types of wall rock for each
seam and sometimes for each face.
The percentage of rock removal has been lowered in the plans. Con-
sequently, in a number of mines the productivity of auxiliary hoists has
proved to be inadequate. Inadequate knowledge of geological conditions
could also explain the strengtheningrof the main hauling and ventilation
workings by reinforced concrete walls with metal upper portions.
There are many unsolved problems. In 1958, the conversion from the
continuous mining system to the long wall system must be completed. The
Donbass 1 combine is not sufficiently productive under the conditions pre-
vailing in the Llvov Basin. It is the duty of workers of the Donets
Scientific Research Coal Institute and Ukrgiproshakht (Ukrainian State
Planning Institute for Mine Development) to create a combine which will
decrease coal losses, increase stope loading to 35 or 45 percent, and in-
crease labor productivity in the stope faces. A more rational means of
extracting coal in 0,5- to 0.7-meter seams with unstable roofs is also
necessary.
These and other problems of mastering the new basin compel appeals
for aid to the scientific centers of the coal industry, which are 1,500
kilometers away from Volyn. The existence in Lvov of affiliates of the
institutes located in the Donbass would be expedient to the interests of
production.
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The shortcomings of the local basin repair base for mining and mine-
building equipment are disturbing to almost all miners. The L'vovskiy
Sovnarkhoz, together with its dependent organizations, has planned and
implemented a number of measures permitting better utilization of the small
Novovolynsk repair and production base. A permanent support shop and an
electric shop will be built at the base.
The base will be rapidly converted into a mine equipment repair plant.
However, since the plant will be able to repair only about 70 percent of
the equipment, it will be necessary to depend on the aid of Donbass shops.
Seven new mines, none with repair bases, will begin operations in the next
2 years. It thus appears necessary to construct a second repair plant,
perhaps at Sokal'. Such a plant is being designed, but not with much
urgency, by Ukrgiproshakht.
Kiev, Rabochaya Gazeta, 1 Nov 57
Mines are under construction in three of the five deposits of the
L'vov-Volyn Basin, Volynsk, Mezhrechensk, Sokal'sk, Zabygsk, and Tyaglovsk.
Surveying work is nearing completion on the Zabygsk and Tyaglovsk deposits.
In the Dneprovsk brown coal basin, which lies on the right bank of the
Dnepr, the seams are not very deep and their average thickness is 3-5 meters,
the maximum being 26 meters. Extraction here is by the open-pit method. By
the end of the Sixth Five-Year Plan, the open-pit output of coal in the basin
will be double the present output.
[Comment: Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 13 November 1957 (see
above), states that the Lvov-Volyn Basin consists of four deposits rather
than five.]
FULFILLS PLAN GOALS -- Kiev, Rabochaya Gazeta, 6 Nov 57
The Vatutinugol' Trust has fulfilled its 10-month plan goals of
100,000 tons of brown coal and 30,000 tons of briquettes.
Kiev, Rabochaya Gazeta, 2 Nov 57
Mine Volynskaya No 7 has an annual planned capacity of 300,000 tons,
or 1,000 tons a day.
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Georgian SSR
QUALITY OF TRANSCAUCASUS COAL -- Moscow, Koks, No 10, Oct 57, pp 3-6
The Transcauscasus Metallurgical Plant was designed entirely on the
basis of the local supply of coal for coking, which must include 50-60
percent of the coal from the Tkvarcheli deposit.
In actuality, however, this supply includes not more than 20-25 percent
of the Tkvarcheli coal. Instead of Tkvarcheli coal imported Donbass coal
is used. It has a sulfur content of almost 3 percent, as contrasted with
the 0,95- to 1.03-percent sulfur content of Tkvarcheli coal. Thus, the
prospecting of additional reserves of Tkvarcheli coal is an extremely im-
portant task.
According to data of the Tkvarchelugol' Trust, the ash content of
coal treated by washing during the first half of 1956 was as follows,accord-
ing to mine: No 1, 42.5 percent; No 2, 42.6 percent; No 3, 45.4 percent;
No 4, 46.2 percent; No 5, 46.7 percent; and No 6, 46.5 percent. However,
such ash content is not characteristic of Tkvarcheli coal. The ash-content
norms for these mines have been established as follows: No 1, 40 percent;
No 2, 39 percent; No 3, 35 percent; No 4, 44 percent; No 5, 42 percent, and
No 6, 44 percent. From data of the Gruzuglerazvedka (Georgia Coal Survey-
ing) Trust and quality indexes of strata tests conducted in 1957 by the
Department of Technical Control, with the cooperation of the Zakinkoksugoll
Inspectorate, it follows that the increased ash content of coal is explained
mainly by the inclusion in the strata tests and in commercial products of
untreated coal with an ash content exceeding 50 percent, carbon argillac-
eous shale existing in various locales of the coal fields, and rocks from
the region of geological disturbance with an ash content of 60-70 percent.
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The cost of Donbass and Transcauscasus coal is shown in the table
below:
Current Moisture Estimated Railroad
Wholesale Content Norm of Freight Delivery
Price of Coal (%) Coal Ash Fares Distance
Coal rubles Estimated Actual Content (%) (rubles) (km)
Donets
Concentrate
(Zh and K) 151+.15 1+.3 10.2 7.8 37.65 1,1+20
Tkvarcheli
Concentrate 236.20 8.0 8.9 12.0 13.35 1+05
Tkibuli
Concentrate 180.00 8.0 11.6 12.5 11.10 290
Karaganda Basin
METAL SUPPORTS WIDELY USED -- Frunze, Sovetskaya Kirgiziya, 1 Nov 57
Metal supports are being widely used in the Karaganda Basin. The
DRKU-3V supports are used in 2.1- to 2.7-meter-thick seams and the SPK-1+9
in seams 0.88 to 2.25 meters thick. Eighty faces have metal supports in
Karaganda.
COMBINE ACHIEVES HIGH PRODUCTIVITY -- Frunze, Sovetskaya Kirgiziya, 31 Oct 57
The Donbass 1, 2, 1+M, and 6 combines are used in Karaganda mines. A
combine operator at Mine No 31 in Karaganda, using a Donbass 1 in the Shest-
ifutovyy seam, extracted 30,521+ tons of coal in a month.
The Donbass 1 is used in three mines of the Kirgizugol' Trust.
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Pechora Basin
HOUSING FOR MINERS -- Moscow, Pravda, 26 Oct 57
The families of 100 miners are moving into new apartments in the
Vorkuta area. New streets are being laid in Yuzhnyy, Zapolyarnyy, Komso
mol'skiy, Oktyabr'skiy, and other miner settlements. Model dormitory
boarding schools are going into use at all mines for young coal miners
who have arrived in the Pechora Basin following discharge into the re-
serves from the army and navy. In 1957, 15,000 soldiers and seamen joined
the forces of the miners.
The builders of the Vorkutaugol' Combine have already fulfilled the,
1957 plan for housing construction under the financial sponsorship of the
combine. A total of 95,000 square meters of housing area has been put to
use.
Central Siberia
CONSTRUCTION PLANS FOR AZEY DEPOSIT -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya
Gazeta, 4 Oct 57
The use of the open-pit method of coal extraction continues to in-
crease in the Cheremkhovo coal basin. At present, 60 percent of the total
basin output is mined in this manner.
Preparatory work has begun for the construction of the Safronovskiy
open pit, which is to have a capacity of 10,000 tons a day.
The Irkutskiy Sovnarkhoz has planned for the construction of another
large open pit in 1958. The pit is to be located on the Azey brown coal
deposit.
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VI. OTHER SOLID FUELS
Peat Production
EXCEED PLAN GOALS -- Minsk, Sovetskaya Belorussiaa, 2 Nov 57
The peat industry enterprises of the Belorussian Sovnarkhoz have
fulfilled their yearly plan goals ahead of schedule, exceeding the plan
by 100,000 tons.
TO EXPLOIT DOKUDOV RESERVES -- Minsk, Sovetskaya Belorussiaa, 2 Nov 57
The Dokudovskoye Peat Enterprise, newly formed for exploitation of
the Dokudov peat reserves near Lidy in Belorussia, must begin operations
in 1958. The peat reserves in the area amount to at least 200 million
cubic meters of high-calorie, low-sulfur-content peat, excellent for plants
and factories, electric power stations, and homes. The enterprise will be
the largest in the Belorussian SSR, with an annual capacity of 500,000 tons
of milled and lump peat. Its consumers will be enterprises in Grodno, Lidy,
Volkovysk, Baranovichi, and Minsk.
A total of 142 housing and cultural-social structures will be built
in a nearby workers settlement. The buildings will include apartment
houses, a club, a dining room, stores for industrial products, an inter-
mediate school, a kindergarten, and a nursery. The roads will be asphalt-
surfaced and heat, water, and sanitation lines will be underground.
DATA ON PEAT INDUSTRY -- Moscow, Mekhanizatsiya Trudoemkykh i Tyazhelykh
Rabot, No 11, Nov 57, pp 24-27
The USSR peat industry has increased output in the postwar period
chiefly through broad introduction of the more mechanized and progressive
milled peat method and partially through the excavator method.
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The following table shows USSR peat production by republic
(in 1,000 tons):
1913
1940
1945
1950
1955
1957 (Plan)
RSFSR
--
24,989.4
19,179.6
27,207.1
35,893.9
37,727.0
Ukrainian SSR
--
3,065.9
1,473.4
2,741.6
3,877.4
4,127.0
Belorussian SSR
--
3,280.8
1,209.9
3,838.0
7,085.6
8,179.0
Lithuanian SSR
--
102.1
82.2
504.7
1,574.7
1,806.0
Latvian SSR
--
212.9
145.2
622.2
1,265.5
1,685.5
Estonian SSR
--
282.9
157.0
467.6
501.7
518.0
USSR total
1,688
32,078.8
22,361.7
35,444.0
50,233.4
54.079.5
[Actual totals
are:
31.934.0
22)247.3
35.381.2
50,288.8
54.042.5]
[Comment: In general, the above figures do not agree with those listed
on page 165 of Industri SSR, Statisticheskiy Sbornik (USSR Industry, a
Statistical Compilation), published in 1957. In that publication, for
example, the figure given for total USSR peat production in 1940 is 1,151,000
tons greater than the figure in the above table. There are also differences
in other totals.]
In hydraulic peat enterprises supplying peat to electric power stations,
the percentage of mechanization of labor-consuming operations is as follows:
Operation
1940
1957
Mounting of rollers in flooded fields
--
100.0
Mounting of tubes for hydraulic peat extraction
--
79.8
Formation of bricks from peat mass
60.5
100.0
Laying of bricks in curved forms for drying
--
60.6
Spaced laying of peat bricks
(second drying operation)
--
20.8
60
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Operation
1940
1957
Gathering of peat into packing units
3.14+
77.0
Loading of peat in fields into
narrow-gauge railroad cars
29.7
100.0
The introduction of new machines and mechanisms and advanced techno-
logy has resulted in significant changes in the various methods of peat
extraction, as is shown in the following table.
Proportion of Total Output (%)
Method
1917
1922
1932
1940
1950
1955
1957
Elevator
89.0
83.2
32.9
30.2
21.2
6.3
5.3
Cutting
11.0
14+.5
21.4
18.6
12.1
5.3
3.9
Hydraulic
2.3
18.3
28.9
27.0
12.2
12,5
Hydraulic-elevator
--
--
1.7
2.8
1.1
0.1
0.1
Dredge and excavator
--
--
0.3
2.9
17.2
26.3
27.1
Milling
--
--
25.4
16.6
21.4
45.8
51.7
The milling and excavator methods have almost eliminated the use of
the other methods. The milling method has been occupying first place.
Those peat enterprises where the extraction of milled peat has been mech-
anized in a complex have almost no seasonal workers, one third as many
temporary railroad lines, and one half the peat losses from wetting,, re-
sulting in a 5-8-percent improvement in the quality of marketed peat.
A large number of various peat extracting and auxiliary machines has
been added to the available supply. There are now 1,700 machines for
gathering milled peat, 2,600 for gathering lump peat, 290 PK loading
cranes, more than 500 special excavators, $30 steam locomotives, more
than 10,000 peat-transporting cars, and almost 6,000 tractors operating
in peat enterprises which supply electric power stations. The introduc-
tion of new techniques made it possible for these enterprises to increase
total output 50 percent and considerably decrease its cost during the
Fifth Five-Year Plan; previously, labor costs were 80 percent higher and
70 percent more seasonal workers were recruited.
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Plans provide for further development of the milled peat method,
complex mechanization of bog preparation work, improvement of existing
methods and devising of new schemes and means for draining the peat mass,
introduction of the gasification of milled peat, electrification of rail-
road transport in peat enterprises, development of peat briquetting pro-
duction, etc.
More than half the present peat output is being utilized in the form
of power-generating fuel. In a number of power systems which service en-
tire oblasts, such as Kalininskaya, Yaroslavskaya, Ivanovskaya, Kirovskaya,
and Bryanskaya, all the electric power stations operate on peat fuel ex-
clusively. Most electric power stations of the Belorussian SSR and Lith-
uanian SSR operate on peat, as do many large machine building, metallur-
gical, textile, light, and food industries, to obtain steam, electrical
power, and artificial gas. Peat is also utilized for household needs, as
a fertilizer for fields, and as bedding for cattle. The peat tars obtained
during gasification yield creolin, oil, wax, paraffin, phenol, and other
chemical products. Construction materials and semicoke, which is used in
the cementation of steel, are also obtained. The peat yields furfural and
ethyl alcohol by thermomechanical means of dehydration. The sovnarkhozes
will further increase the output of peat for use as a local fuel, and will
more widely introduce advanced techniques and technologies to make peat a
competitive fuel in each economic administrative region.
RSFSR PEAT RESOURCES -- Moscow, Torfyanaya Promyshlennost', No 6, 1957,
PP 30-31
The peat resource areas of the European RSFSR may be divided into
four zones. The first, Zone A. includes the northermost regions, Nenets
National Okrug, and Murmanskaya Oblast, and has less than 10 percent of
the peat resources. Zone B, a broader zone including the Komi ASSR, Ark-
hangel'skaya Oblast, and the Karel'skiy ASSR, has 10-30 percent of the
peat resources area. In Zone C, which includes the more southern areas
such as the northern regions of Molotovskaya and Pskovskaya oblasts and
all of Vologodskaya, Leningradskaya, Novgorodskaya, and Pskovskaya oblasts.
the resources amount to 60-90 percent of the total. In Zone D, which con=tains all of the remaining area of the European RSFSR, less than 10 percent
of the peat area is still unexplored.
The peat deposits which are sufficiently well surveyed appear on
large-scale topographical maps; those which are not yet surveyed are
shown on 1?100,000-scale topographical maps.
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The following table lists peat resources according to administrative
units within which work has been done to determine the amounts. Figures
are given according to information supplied by Glavtorffond (Main Admin-
istration of Peat Resources) for the remaining oblasts and autonomous
republics in which the peat resources are well known.
The peat resources of the European RSFSR which are industrially ex-
ploitable amount to approximately 15.9 million hectares, and industrially
unexploitable peat resources amount to 21.2 million hectares.
In the European RSFSR, according to Glavtorffond figures, there were
35,500 peat deposits in 1956 with an industrial area of 7,30,000 hectares,
or 46 percent of the total.
The figures given below are considered to be more accurate than those
previously quoted in published material.
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[adjoins page 65 here]
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a
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[adjoins page 64+ here]
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Shale Production
ESTONIAN SSR SHALE INDUSTRY -- Tallin, Sovetskaya Estonia, 25 Aug 57
In Estonia, during the years of Soviet power, five new mines and one
open pit have been built, and the Kukruze, Kyava-2, and Kokhtla mines,
which have been in operation many years, have been completely reconstructed.
Over 12 million more tons of shale were extracted during the Fifth Five-Year
Plan by the Estonslanets Trust.than were extracted during the previous 5-year
plan. Mine Kyava-2 is now extracting almost 1,000 tons more shale per day
than in 1956.
There are more than 1,500 homes and more than 80 streets in Kokhtla-
Yarve at prese:it. The majority have the necessary conveniences such as
water lines, central heating, illuminating gas, electricity, and sever
systems. The miners of the Estonslanets Trust have built 135 private
homes and will build 200 more.
Hospitals have been built in Kokhtla-Yarve, Yykhvi, Kiviyli, and
Akhtme, and ambulances and medical aid centers are located at all mines.
Almost 500 physicians and at least 1,000 auxiliary medical and servicing
personnel serve the miners of the shale basin.
A total of nine kindergartens for 670 children, seven nurseries for
304 children, and six general education schools and evening schools for
young workers have been constructed at mines of the trust.
There are more than 110 shops in the city of Kokhtla-Yarve at present.
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