USSR MATERIALS AND MATERIALS PROCESSING EQUIPMENT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-03107A000400010006-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 26
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 9, 1998
• Sequence Number: 6
• Publication Date: November 4, 1960
• Content Type: REPORT

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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
USSR MATERIALS AND
MATERIALS PROCESSING
EQUIPMENT
Number 27 4 November 1960
000 REY DATE tJ S1 BY Q Z
DMo COMP .=-R' DPI TYPE
oNSA CLASS AGES - REV CLASS
JUST NEXT BEY AUTHh HA 10.2
Prepared by
Foreign Documents Division
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
2430 E St., N. W., Washington 25, D. C.
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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NOTICE
In view of the overlapping coverage now being provided
by the Joint Publications Research Service in the current
JPRS'translatior series Soviet Industrial Development and,
Soviet Machine Building, Foreigi Documents' Division is
discontinuing this monthly publication, USSR Mater:a1s-and
Materials Processing Equipment, with this-issue'-
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This report presents unevaluated information selected
from foreign-language publications as' indicated. - It -is
produced and disseminated as an aid to United States Gov-
ernment research.
USSR MATERIALS AND MATERIALS PROCESSING
EQUIPMENT 27
Table of Contents
I. Chemical Industry
Regional Roundups
USSR
Georgian SSR
Equipment Supply Bottlenecks
Mineral Resources Development
Petrochemicals
Synthetic Rubber
Tires
Plastics
Chemical Fibers
Fertilizers
Detergents
Oxygen
New Oil Discoveries
Drilling
Gas Operations
Coal
III. Ferrous Metallurgy
Ore Extraction
Construction
Steel Production
Rolling Operations
IV. Nonferrous Metallurgy
Copper and Aluminum
Lead-Zinc
Other Ores
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1. CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
Regional Roundups
USSR CPYRGHT
PROGRESS MADE SINCE 1958 PLENUM -- Moscow, Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 17 Aug 60
The chemical industry, together with other branches 01
plays a significant role in solving the principal economic.task of the
USSR,,which is, in the shortest possible period of time, to overtake and
outstrip the most developed capitalist countries in the production of
goods for the welfare, of the people. Development of the chemical industry
provides the possibility for most successful utilization of the natural
resources of the country and is a necessary condition for further technical
progress.
More than 2,000 forms of plastics, synthetic rubber made from gas, and
synthetic fibers made from caprolactam now find applications in the USSR
economy. And none of these products is in any way inferior to products
made from natural materials.
In the more than 2 years that have passed since the May 1958 Plenum
of the Central Committee CPSU, which adopted the decision on accelerated
development of the chemical industry, the enterprises, scientific research
institutes, planning organizations, and sovnarkhozes have realized con-
siderable success in accomplishing the tasks assigned by the party.
The reorganized administration of industry and construction has elimi-
nated jurisdictional conflicts-that existed between the ministries of the
petroleum industry and the chemical industry and has yielded the possibility
for fuller and more economical utilization of the raw material base for
organic synthesis.
The scientific research organizations of the State Committee on
Chemistry of the Council of Ministers USSR have solved many technical prob-,
lems in the field of creating and producing new polymers and other syn-
thetic materials.
The Stalinogorsk and Lisicharnsk chemical combines and the Voronezh
Synthetic Rubber Plant have achieved success in developing new chemical
products. The output of vinyl chloride by a new method, which effects con-
siderable reduction in cost and results in a higher-quality polyvinyl
chloride resin, has been.:organized In the Gor'kovskiy Economic Admini-
strative Region.
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However, some scientific research and planning. institutes have not
yet succeeded in developing important technological processes. The
Institute of Artificial Fiber, for example, was'to have finished develop-
ment of a method for producing high-quality viscose-cord`in 1959, but
the institute failed to fulfill its assigned task.
The problem of producing isoprene synthetic rubber has not yet been
solved. The Al_Union,Scientific Research Institute of Synthetic Rubber
has not yet provided the .starting data needed to organize isoprene rubber
production. Nonetheless, output has been planned and must begin in a
few years at the Sterlitamak Synthetic Rubber Plant. The institute must
also still do much work to ensure an improvement in the quality of
butadiene-styrene rubber. Successful fulfillment of 'its tasks will con-
siderably raise the qualityand.,'lengthen.the life of motor vehicle tires.
Serious cause for concern is the' lagging preparation for production
of high-strength hexachlorocycl.ohexane and herbicide 2,LW in the Azerbay-
dzhan Economic Administrative Region and output of-acrylic fiber (nitron)
in the Saratovskiy Economic Administrative Region.-
In 1961, the Gor'kovskiy Sovnarkhoz must begin experimental output of
an intermediate needed for the production of plant protection chemicals.
Using this a,s a base, effective weed killers will be produced for use in
corn fields. ' Therefore, the Institutes of the State Committee on Chemistry
should take the necessary measures to speed up the formulation of plans
for production of the intermediate product.
Some Institutes of the State Committee on Chemistry do not meet
target dates in developing new technological processes. There is delay
in the construction of experimental installations. Sometimes manpower
and funds are devoted to out-of-date problems. Sometimes the planning
organizations fail to make good decisions. Often they continue to concern
themselves with obsolete equipment designs and, outdated production methods.
Giproplast Mate Institute for Planning of Plastics Enterprise 7, for
example, recommended a batch method for cellulose acetate plants, a method
not as good as the continuous method used abroad.
Expansion of the production. of synthetic materials is an important
aspect of the economic development of the country. The task can be accom-
plished only by the joint effort of scientists and production workers.
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Georgian SSR
PLANT SUCCESSES SINCE MAY 1958 DESCRIBED -- Tbilisi, Zarya Vostoka,
25 Aug 60
The Georgian SSR chemical industry has made considerable progress
since the May 1958 Plenum on accelerated development of the chemical
industry.
The,Rustavi Nitrogen Fertilizer Plant has already done much work on
its expansion and remodeling program, designed to more than double its
capacity for the output of ammonia and nitrogen fertilizers. In 1959,
construction was begun on shops for the production of caprolactem by the
phenol method; this product will serve as raw material for a synthetic
fiber plant, now under construction in Rustavi, which will,produce capron.
In 1960, the Rustavi.Nitrogen Fertilizer Plant completed experimental
work on the production of'active manganese dioxide; this work was a test
of. production technology suggested by the Institute of Applied Chemistry
and Electrochemistry, Academy of Sciences Georgian SSR. Planning of a
large shop has been assigned to Gruzgipromeztate Institute for Planning
of Metallurgical Plants,,Georgian SS7.
The Rustavi Synthetic Fiber Plant, which will produce capron, is now
constructing the experimental production buildings where personnel of the
future plant will be trained. Productivity of the experimental shop will
be 500 kg of synthetic fiber daily. The shop will be completed in the
fourth quarter of 1961.
The first stage of the Rustavi Synthetic Fiber Plant is scheduled to
go into operation in 1962. Construction of the main chemical building is
in progress and work has begun on machine shops, warehouses, and other
secondary buildings. .
At the Kutaisi Lithopone Plant, work is in progresseto enlarge the.
calcining furnace No 4, the finished product dryer, and the vacuum filtering
installation. The objective is expanded lithopone production capacity.
,Production of oil-free emulsion paint on the basis of polyvinyl ace-
tate em lsion.has been organized for the first time in the Georgian SSR.
In the second quarterlof 1960,.production of special "Imperial" screen
needed for.the lithopone dryers was organized for the first time in
Georgia. Similarly, production of several other chemical products has
been organized for the first time in the republic.
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Moscow, Pravda, 7 Sep 60
.Alongside the Rustavi Nitrogen Fertilizer Plant there is a construc-
tion area where several organic synthesis shops are being built. The
shops will produce thousands of tons of caprolactam, a raw material for
the production of,capron fiber. Some 'shops, including an experimental
production shop, are nearing completion. Large metal reservoirs are being
erected 'for storing various chemical 'materials.
Nearby;. a large plant that will convert caprolactem into capron fiber
is under construction. The fiber will be used to produce fabrics, knit
wear, and cord.
Minsk, Sovetskaya Belorussiya, 2 Sep 60
Construction work at the Rustavi Synthetic Fiber Plant is proceeding
at a rapid pace. Construction of the weak nitric acid shop has been com-
pleted, while the buildings of the experimental shop that will train-the
workers of the future plant are approaching completion. The shop will
begin operations in the fourth quarter of 1961.
Equipment Supply Bottlenecks
INSTRUMENT SHORTAGE IMPEDES AUTOMATION OF MODEL PLANT -- Moscow, Ekonomi-
cheskaya Gazeta, 3 Sep 60
Since the start of the Seven Year..Plan, several new production facili-
ties and experimental installations have been put into operation at the
Lisichansk Chemical Combine. The combine was the first enterprise in the
USSR to produce synthetic alcohol from natural gas. Production of acety.
lene and isobutyl alcohol from natural gas and refinery gas~has been
organized in'experimental shops.
The first stage of caprolactam production is scheduled to go into
operation at the enterprise In 1960 and output of carbamide and polyamide
resins is to begin with 2 years thereafter. Within the next 3 years,
the combine'must be fully converted to natural gas., Such conversion will
elimiiha.te the need for 100,000 tons of coke annually.
New equipment and, especially, all-round automation form the basis
for greater chemical output and better product quality. The Lisichansk
Chemical Combine is one of the 81 USSR industrial enterprises which are to
become models of all-round mechanization. and automation. This goal is to
be achieved at the Lisichansk Chemical Combine in the next few years. All-
round automation of the'ammonium nitrate shop is now being achieved, and
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technological processes are already being directed by remote control from
a control board.. All processes of dispatching and packaging of the finiphed
product are being observed by means of industrial television. Much work
has also been. done to effect automation in other production areas.
Except'for a shortage of control and measuring instruments and auto-
matic regulators, automation progress could have been greater. Several
enterpriser, are,fe,iling to supply recording potentiometers and differential
manometers.
The Kirovabad Instrument Building Plant of the Azerbaydzhan Sovnarkhoz
has not delivered one of the 997 units (bioki) and secondary instruments
needed for the caprolactam shops. Inquiry established that the plant does
not have the equipment needed to fulfill the order.. It is beyond under-
standing why Soyuzglavenergo .11-Union Main Power Administration7 and
Promenergoavtomatika fEndustrial Power Automation Trust assigned this
order to the Kirovabad plant.
LATE EQUIPMENT DELIVERIES MAY DELAY PLANT OPENING -- Moscow, Leninskoye
Znamya, 6 Sep 6o"
The Omsk Synthetic Rubber Plant is scheduled to go into operation In
the fourth quarter of 1960. However, equipment deliveries are not being
made on schedule. Several Moscow Oblast Sovnarkhoz plants are among the
delinquents. The Podol`sk Machine Building Plant imeni Ordzhonikidze, in
cooperation with other Moscow Oblast plants, was charged with delivering
19 units of chemical equipment in the first half of 1960. Despite repeated
assurances, the plant has not yet supplied the equipment.
Mineral Resource Development
CPYRGHT
COPAL DEPOSIT FOUND IN CAUCASUS MOUNTAINS -- Baku, Bakinskiy Raboehiy,.
13 Aug 60
Copal, a rare exotic. mineral, has been found in chalky deposits in the
foothills of the Little Caucasus Mountains. Friable and light, amber-
yellow or orange colored, it ignites easily and burns with a nonluminous
flame.
Copal, a mineral resin, is a material useful to the paint and varnish
industry, High-quality coatings, - a stable drying oil, and a miracle glue
are products that can be prepared from it. Some varieties of the mineral
go'into linoleum production.
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The copal was found by a geological expedition of the Academy of
Sciences Azerbaydzhan SSR and Azerbaydzhan. Geological Administration. In
recent times, synthetic resins have been displacing copal more and more,
but it has not entirely.lost its.usefulness to the chemical industry.
TWIN LAKES A SOURCE OF MIRABII,ITE, SQDITJN CHLORIDE, BROMINE, LITHIUM --
Moscow, Trud, 4 Sep 60
In the Kulundinskaya Steppe, there are two large lakes, Kulundinskoye
and Kuchukskoye, joined by'a natural canal. These are "dead" bodies of
water. There are no fish in their waters, and no fowl alight on their
surfaces. But geologists have determined that there are vast resources
ofmirabilite and sodium chloride in the lakes, in fact, that the mirabilite
content of Lake Kuehukskoye exceeds that.of the Kara-Bogaz-Gol Gulf The
salty liquid also contains much bromine, lithium, and'chlorine.
Near the lake, there is a natural basin into which brine can be pumped
for purposes of mirabilite recovery. It was decided to''build the Kuchuk
skiy Sulfate 'Combine near this basin. The combine buildings, an electric
power plant, and hydraulic installations are under construction. A 6-km.
canal connecting Lake Kuchukskoye'and the natural basin has been completed;
A workers` settlement'called Novo-Blagoveshchensk, with some 3,000 inhabit-
ants, has been established on?a rise in the vicinity of the combine.
The combine will begin producing sodium sulfate in 1961. It is
planned to build plants at the combine to produce Glauber's.Salt, sodium
sulfide, and lithium silicate glass.
Petrochemicals
CPYRGHT
SUMGAIT TO BECOME GREAT USSR CHEMICAL CENTER Moscow, Khimiya i Tekhno-
logiya Topliv i Mosel, No 8, Aug 60, p 72
The Seven Year Plan for development of. the national economy prow es
for the development of Sumgait in the Azerbaydzhan.SSR as one of the great'
petrochemical centers of the USSR. Total output of Sumgait petrochemical
enterprises is to be almost ten times as great in 1965 as in 1959.
The Sumgait Petrochemical Combine will produce a wide variety of prod-
ucts. Many of them will be produced on an industrial scale for the first
time in the USSR.
The synthetic fiber plant will produce so much "lavsan" that the
fabric made from it will be sufficient to clothe the inhabitants of several
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Other products to be made in large amounts include phenol, polyethy-
lene, polypropylene, and polyvinyl chloride resin.
A nitrogen fertilizer group of shops.will produce fertilizers and
feed supplements for livestock.
The Sumgait Petrochemical Combine will put out products for machine
building, textile, electrical, motor vehicle,., and construction industry
enterprises in the RSFSR, Ukraine, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaydzhan.
Very important is the fact that the production program of the future
combine will be closely integrated with the programs of existing enter-
prises. For example, the combines will get propylene from the Sumgait
Synthetic Rubber Plant for phenol and acetone production, while the syn-
thetic rubber plant will receive from the combine the butane which it now
obtains from the Novo-Baku Oil Refinery and the Groznyy Oil Refinery.
Thirty planning and scientific research institutes of the country
are planning the combine. Sumgait engineers are now engaged in work pre--
paratory to construction of the combine.
UFA PLATT PRODUCES ETHYL ALCOHOL FROM REFINERY GASES --- Baku, Bakinskiy
Rabochiy, 24. Aug 60
Ethyl alcohol, used in the production of synthetic riser, PEE furTIM-117
obtained from grain and potatoes. Now, the Ufa Synthetic Alcohol Plant
imeni 140-Letiya VLKSM produces it from light hydrocarbons, propane, butane,
and other gases available at oil refineries.
Wile this plant is a new one, in existence only 4 years, and the
first petrochemical enterprise in the Bashkirskaaya ASSR, it has exceeded
its planned production capacity and increased its output of ethyl alcohol
month"by.month.
A second stage of the plant, which will be larger than the one in
operation, is now under construction. Shops for the production of methyl
styrene went into operation in April 1960. Methyl styrene is a raw ma-
terial for producing a new type of -synthetic rubber that is highly resist-
ant to cold.
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STALINOGORSK COMBINE BEGINS DIMET I!LTEREPHTHALATE OUTPUT FROM GASES
Moscow, Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 26 Aug 60
The Stalinogorsk Chemical Combine is considered to be a p oneer
the sphere of developing the USSR chemical industry. It produced hydrogen
by the natural gas conversion method for the first time; it developed the
technology for producing granulated urea by the two-step distillation
method; and. it began the output of metallic sodium from sodium chloride.
Now the combine is shipping considerable quantities of a formerly unknown
miracle substance to Kursk in paper bags. This substance is DMT ( .imethyl-
terephthalate), a raw material for the production of artificial wool, the
synthetic fiber "lavsan."
The new DMT shop is in reality a large plant. Its main building, a
huge six-story structure, houses the equipment for all operations from
paraxylene oxidation to packaging of the finished product, including steasg,
water, and electrical installations, the dispatcher's control panel, a
laboratory, and a repair shop. Auxiliary buildings and installations
include compressor and pump houses, heating plant, cooling tower, and
electric power substation.
The difficulties of putting the shop into operation were overcome.
Thus far, 86 tons of fiber-raw material have been dispatched for processing
by an experimental' installation in Kursk.
Day by day,. there is.a reduction.in losses of materials, losses that
are usually inevitable when output of a new product is being organized.
The shop personnel is striving to reach in December 1960 the level of
para-xylene and methyl alcohol expenditure planned for the end of 1961.,
Petroleum refining gases, from which para-xylene is produced, are
the starting material for DMT. Another raw material is methyl alcohol,
made by the Stalinogorsk Chemical Combine from natural gas.
According to plan, a second stage for D MT production will be built
and put into operation at the Stalinogorsk Chemical Combine in 1962.
The experience gsined by the Stalinogorsk personnel will bet-useful
when similar facilities are created in'other economic administrative-regions.
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Synthetic Rubber
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16 Ausz 60
K4ZAKFI PLANT TO BEGIN OUTPUT IN SEPTEMBER 1960 -- Riga, Sovetskaya Latviya,
The Karaganda Synthetic Rubber Plant is located at the edge of the
city of Temir-Tau, on the shore of the Bol'shoye Nurinskoye Reservoir.
The enterprise now produces calcium carbide, acetaldehyde, and acetic acid.
Three'shops of the synthetic rubber group are ready to be put into opera-
ation, while technological equipment is being installed in the rest. All
production processes in the shops will be fully automatic. This giant
chemical enterprise of Kazakhstan will produce its first rubber in Sep-
tember 1960.
RESERVOIRS BEING BUILT AT SYNTMTIC RUBBER PLANT -- Moscow, Trud, 15 Sep
At the synthetic rubber plant being built in Stavropol', Kuybyshev-
skaya Oblast, large spherical reservoirs are now being erected. The builders
are striving for fulfillment of the plan ahead of schedule.
CONFERENCE REVEALS TIRE MANUFACTURE DEFICIENCIES -- Moscow, Trud, 12 Aug
60
Since 1 July 1960, the Moscow Tire Plant has.produced new types of
tires for trucks and passenger cars. Life of the new tires used on ZIL-150
and Moskvich motor vehicles has risen 50 percent. However, the possibili-
ties for further improvement of tire quality have not been exhausted.
Improvements in the plarft''s manufacturing processes are only-one source
:of-such possibilities. Tire quality, above all, depends on the raw ma-
terials used in tire manufacture, the rubber, carbon black, and textile
materials. In the sphere of raw materials, many deficiencies still exist.
. Early in 1960, a conference was held in which representatives from
supplier plants and representatives from scientific research institutes
took part. The suppliers were subjected to many criticisms. The Sumgait
Synthetic Rubber Plant, for instance, was criticized for supplying sub-
standard rubber. A plant in Stavropol' was criticized for departure's from
GOST and.the poor quality of its carbon black.
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Zayev, chief of the quality control division, Voronezh Synthetic _111.7.,
Rubber Plant, and Margulis, representative from the Dedovsk Cord Plant,
addressed the conference and both promised to supply only first-quality
materials in the future. At its conclusion, the conference adopted an
appropriate resolution.
Seven months have passed since, the' conference was held. There have
been few noticeable changes. Apparently, by the time they arrived at
the tr,homes, the representatives had forgotten their promises.
The Moscow Tire Plant was to have replaced viscose. cord 1OV with
better-quality cord 11V-,in the first quarter of 1960. However, the combine
in Kalinin that produces the cord has continued to supply a product of the
inferior quality. Plans to use higher-quality cord 16NV in the manufacture
of 260-20 tires have been postponed indefinitely because the Kalinin com-
bine has not yet organized its production.
Plastics
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