PROGRESS REPORT NO. 8 CONTRACT NO. RD-53-SA RESEARCH ORDER NO. IRD4
Document Type:
Collection:
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST):
CIA-RDP78-03153A001600010007-9
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RIPPUB
Original Classification:
S
Document Page Count:
20
Document Creation Date:
December 23, 2016
Document Release Date:
March 5, 2014
Sequence Number:
7
Case Number:
Publication Date:
September 15, 1954
Content Type:
REPORT
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SECRET
PROGRESS REPORT NO. 8
Contract No. RD-53-SA
Research Order No.1RD4
Prepared by:
Approved by:
Project Engineer
Chief Engineer
Submitted: September 15, 1954
Period covered by this report - August 1, 1954 to August 31, 1954
COPY NO. 2
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INTRODUCTION
This is the eighth progress report on research and develop-
ment task 4. This month's report covers additional work
done on a pulse duration modulated communication system.
The P. D. M. modulator was re-designed with a view
toward improving the pulse deviation, duty cycle efficiency
and index of modulation.
The P. D. M. demodulator was re-designed to improve its
filtering action.
The new units were tested on a closed wire basis, and the
results are summarized.
ESIGN OF EQUIPMENT
On the basis of the design of the equipment for the three
pulse systems, it was decided that P. D. M. showed the
most promise. On that premise it was further decided
that the P. D. M. modulator design could be improved.
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The original design had a number of disadvantages. The
maximum pulse deviation was limited to 1.4 microseconds,
which in turn restricted the dynamic range and the maximum
index of modulation. The minimum usable pulse width had
to be maintained wide because the maximum deviation varied
directly with pulse width. This was undesireable because
the duty cycle required a narrow pulse for efficiency.
The following is a description of the equipment designed to
secure these advantages. The pulse duration modulator is
indicated in Figure 1. The first stage is the original block-
ing oscillator that provides a jitter-free trigger pulse of
8 kilocycles. This triggers a saw tooth wherein the beginning of the
cycle is a fast rise time of the order of 0.4 microseconds. The
decay slope is reasonably linear and relatively slow, on the
order of 12 microseconds.
The saw tooth generator is designed to provide the desired wave
shape on the discharge half of the blocking oscillator signal.
This, in turn, resulted in a positive going saw ttooth at the
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generator output. The rectifiers eliminate the negative
portion which corresponds to the positive leading edge
of the blocking oscillator signal.
A bias control on the grid of the input section of the
multivibrator maintains the input half of the tube at
cut-off. By means of this bias setting, the additional
voltage required from the saw tooth wave shape is determined.
The instant of triggering the multivibrator is independent
of the bias setting due to the fast rise time of the saw tooth.
However the instant at which the decay slope will reduce
below the trigger point is controlled by the bias setting. In
this way the portion of the saw tooth to be used is controlled.
The linearity of the saw tooth decay determines the linearity
of deviation. This in turn is one of the factors that determines
the fidelity of the system. The resistor-capacttor values in
the plate circuit of the saw tooth generator determine the
time of decay of the saw tooth. This is related to the slope
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of the decay which in turn determines the maximum deviation.
The modulating audio signal is superimposed on the saw tooth
wave form as it triggers the multivibrator. The instant of
triggering is independent of the audio signal, due to the fast
rise time of the saw tooth. However the instant at which the decay
slope reaches the cut-off point of the multivibrator is readily
modified by the modulating audio voltage.
A saw tooth generator was designed using a thyratron as the
generator stage. It was found that these gas tubes were noisy
and had poor interchangeability qualities. They were discarded
in favor of a vacuum tube,. The final design utilized the second half of
a twin triode that was available for the blocking oscillator.
The demodulator was redesigned to eliminate tuned rejection
filters. This was found to be necessary because the pulse
frequency varied when the blocking oscillator tube was changed.
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By the use of low pass filters for the elimination of the
pulse repetition frequency, this effect was made negligible.
TESTING
The following tests were made on the individual sections of
the equipment. The two cascaded audio amplifiers were
designed for a frequency response with the 6 deabel attenuation
points at 90 and 400, 000 cycles per second.
Figure 3 is a plot of modulating audio frequency versus deviation
of pulse duration. This indicates that the modulator is not subject
to frequency distortion.
Figure 4 is a plot of deviation of pulse duration versus amplitude
of modulating audio voltage, Figure 5 is a plot of deviation versus
audio voltage output at the demodulator. This test can be readily
followed on the closed wire diagram, Figure 2. With maximum
audio modulation, the resulting maximum deviation was 9 micro-
seconds, however the curve is linear to 8 microseconds.
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Figure 6 is a plot of the overall. frequency response of the unit
on a closed wire test. It indicates the 6 decibel attenuation
points as 190 and 3000 cycles per second.
A test for an output signal to noise of 2 to I was found to
correspond to a deviation of 60 millimicroseconds. The
maximum linear deviation of 8 microseconds resulted in
a signal to noise of 150a.
Various oscillograms were taken, and the tests points are
indicated on Figure 2 as follows:
Figure 7: The plate of the blocking oscil-
lator indicates the pulse repeti-
tion interval as 130 microseconds
or a pulse frequency of 7700
cycles per second.
Figure 8: The input of the saw tooth generator
indicates that the tube is being driven
positive during the positive portion
of the pulse.
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Figure 9: The output of the saw tooth
generator is shown as a saturated
signal on the negative portion and
a positive saw tooth that corresponds
to the discharge cycle of the stage.
Figure 10: This is the saw tooth wave form as
it is used to modulate the multivibrator.
The rise time is 0.4 microseconds.
The decay time is 8 microseconds.
Figure 11: The audio input is shown as a 1000
cycle per second modulating signal.
Figure 12: The plate of the third audio amplifier
indicates an audio gain of 48 db. The
saw tooth is superimposed on the audio.
Figure 13: The plate of the output section of the
multivibrator indicates a P. D. M.
pulse. The pulse width is 7.5 micro-
seconds.
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Figure 14: The input to the demodulator section
indicates that the multivibrator output
has been divided down 80 times. This
is the order of pulse amplitude normally
derived from the noise clipper section
of the receiver.
Figure 15: The plate of the pulse amplifier indicates
the stage gain as 18 decibels. The square
wave pulse has been converted to a saw
tooth by the inductive loading of the low
pass filter.
Figure 16: The input to the second stage indicates the
effectiveness of the low pass filter.
Figure 17: The plate of the first audio amplifier
indicates a stage gain of 28 dixibels
The ripple amplitude corresponding to the
pulse repetition frequ.ncy remains un-
changed.
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Figure 18: The output of the second low pass filter demon-
strates the effectiveness of the filter. The ripple
is negligible and on the order of noise level.
Figure 19: The output of the output transformer was measured
across a resistive load. The curve is reasonably
smooth indicating the fidelity of the overall closed
wire system. The power gain of the stage is 35 decibels.
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PLANS
The pulse duration modulator was redesigned to accomplish the following
advantages over the previous design:
1 -- Independent of normal variation of tube parameters when
tubes are replaced.
2 --Maximum pulse width deviation of 9 microseconds as con-
trasted with a previous figure of 1.4 microseconds.
3 -.The pulse width can be adjusted independent of deviation.
4 ?The duty cycle lowered for greater efficiency from 0.092 to
0.053.
5 --The maximum permissible index of modulation raised from
5.4% to 67%.
The pulse duration demodulator was redesigned to make its pulse filtering
action independent of normal pulse frequency variations due to tube replace-
ments.
It is planned to complete the RE' sections of the transmitter and receiver and
test the pulse duration modulation unit on a system basis via a radio link.
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/03/05: CIA-RDP78-03153A001600010007-9
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/03/05: CIA-RDP78-03153A001600010007-9
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/03/05: CIA-RDP78-03153A001600010007-9
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/03/05: CIA-RDP78-03153A001600010007-9
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/03/05: CIA-RDP78-03153A001600010007-9
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/03/05: CIA-RDP78-03153A001600010007-9
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/03/05: CIA-RDP78-03153A001600010007-9
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/03/05: CIA-RDP78-03153A001600010007-9
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/03/05: CIA-RDP78-03153A001600010007-9
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/03/05: CIA-RDP78-03153A001600010007-9