(SANITIZED) ENGINEERING PROPOSAL

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-03300A001600020119-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 18
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 28, 2011
• Sequence Number: 119
• Publication Date: May 4, 1953
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/28: CIA-RDP78-0330OA001600020119-0
1 UR1TY INf ORMATION
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Bid No. 76 - 1
CONFIDENTIAL
E N a I N E E R I E 0 P R O P O S A L
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DOCUMENT NO.
]j NO CHANGE IN CLASS. ^
PORTABLE ,-INFRA ED CO ~~-ICATOR CLASDECLASSIFIED
S CHANGED TO: TS S
Research and Development Obie~,.ctin
NEXT REVIEW DATE:
AUTH: HR 70-
DATE: 1#411--&- REVIEWER: 010956,
The objective of the research and development which
is outlined in the following is to create a portable two-
way infrared voice communication system of small weight
and size with a maximum range of 20 to 25 miles and a
minimum range of 3 to 5 miles. The system shall be capable
of operation with a very high degree of visual security.
Daylight operation shall be possible with a minimum de-
crease of range. The system shall be capable of being
not up, adjusted for operation and operated with relative
ease and no especial knowledge of electronics by the operat-
ing personnel. The equipment shall be capable of being
stored for long periods of time and under adverse conditions
without appreciable loss of operating effectiveness.
PhaseI - o,l, for Re seaarc h nd 22ve192, Pro
In the research and development phase of the above
program, it is proposed that a study be made of tr*nsmitter
and receiver components and their combinations to achieve
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Bid No. 76 - 1
-Z-
maximum performance with minimum size and weight. Thus
the comparative sensitivity in the useful IR regions of
photoconductive vs. photomultiplier cells will be studied,
in view of their ultimate contribution to range, as against
use and complication of amplifiers and power supplies
required by the two devices. The use of transistor amp.
lifiers will be considered in view of low noise requirements
and the need for various filter arrangernta for band pass
operation. It is proposed to evaluate relaxation transistor
oscillator high voltage power supplies against miniature
voltaic piles or more conventional means for powering a
multiplier phototube. Methods for wide angle "FIND"
arrangements, with single tones and sharply peaked filters,
in the receiver amplifier for easy "ADJUST", leading to
very narrow angle, wide frequency band OPERATE conditions
will be evaluated. Similarly in considering the transmitter,
it is proposed to evaluate extremely light weight sources of
power, various methods for achieving modulation without
excessive use of power or large complicated mechanisms,
and methods for achieving maximum reflector area in a
minimum overall package by using the same reflector for both
transmit and receive. Latest technics in coated reflecting
surfaces and coated filters will be studied to achieve
highest security. Multiple sources will be considered for
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Bid No. 76 - 1
the "FIND" and "ADJUST" functions. Overall miniaturisation
design will be considered in this phase also. Mechanical
designs suitable for portable use and yet adequate for
field service will be studied.
At the completion of the study phase outlined above,
it is proposed that the Contractor call a design conference
at such time as may be convenient to the Agency engineering
personnel. Further progress on the task will be as out-
lined in agreement reached in this conference as to the
directions considered most promising of those revealed
in the above studies.
Phase I - oposal for Engineering Development Program
r. i ~ ^ rr~
The above studies will have indicated the types of
transmitter receiver system best suited for development,
based on theoretical evaluation. In this second phase it
is proposed to investigate practical means for turret
mounting the receiver and transmitter elements to achieve
the unified mirror arrangement indicated above, as well as
suitable means for combining wide angle "finding" and
"adjusting" with very narrow angle voice operation.
It is proposed to investigate a source of power to
give maximum output with minimum size and weight. At this
time it appears that well known technics might be combined
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SEA" iri MORMMMliUN
SECRET
Bid No. 76 -
-4-
to give the desired result with the added advantage of
long storability and ease of supply almost anywhere in
the world. Another type of source will be studied which
gives maximum battery power with minimum weight, along with
good storability; and it will be considered if transmitting
power can be reduced sufficiently by the proposed wide
beam high power "find", narrow beam low power "operate"
system. Push-to-talk operation would give not only the
advantage of being able to use one large mirror in place
of two small ones but would also conserve source energy.
So also would speech operated beam relays, for while a
tungsten source is too slow to modulate directly, its
speed is probably sufficient to allow such use with neg-
ligible clipping. This investigation would be combined
with practical approaches to the modulation problem with
the German Lichtaprecher arrangement of a vibrating prise
as one approach, vibrating mirrors another and direct
defocussing either axial or lateral, as a third possibility.
The requirements of low operating power and maximum
range both predicate the use of narrowest possible speech
band pass with emphasis on transmitting the most power in
the frequency regions of maximum intelligibility. There
is evidence which should be investigated that the nature
of the pass band to achieve the above is composed of a
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Bid No. 76 - 1
continually rising response curve from a lower cutoff
in the 500 to 700 cps region to a sudden cutoff at
approximately 3000 cycles per second. Such a pass band
may conceivably have no greater noise contribution than
one peaked at 1500 cycles, while the intelligibility should
be considerably better.
It is proposed that in the "Find" alignment the
possible use of the same circuitry for the modulating
oscillators and the narrow pass band filters on receive
be investigated. To facilitate the alignment, mechanical
means for micrometer adjustment of perhaps * 50 in azimuth
and elevation on a very light weight tripod mount are
proposed. Note that hand held devices are definitely
not to be considered for long-range operation, however,
the handset might be hand-held, or perhaps preferably,
the microphone might be part of the main tripod-mounted
unit while a separate headset allowed the operator to
move freely with respect to this unit. Even the headset
might advantageously be tuned to the same pass band as
the rest of the system.
It is proposed that as the result of the above
investigations, at least two sets of equipment be designed
and built up as Design Approval Models, using the best
types of the above alternative methods. These systems
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Bid Bo. 76 - 1
_6-
would be evaluated by Agency personnel for performance
against the criteria considered most desirable by the
Agency. The result of this preliminary evaluation would
be the determination of the system to be incorporated
in Development Models which will be finished for Agency
field evaluation tests. These Development Models of which
it is proposed that 10 sets (20 units) be fabricated, would
incorporate all modifications agreed upon between the
agency and t&e contractor as being desirable and
practicable.
Phase III Proposal for Preproduction Program
Phase III is understood by the contractor to cover
the production of additional equipments which will be called
Pre-production models. This phase would finalize the
design of tools, jigs, fixtures and test equipment along
with design revisions necessary for mass production of the
device as developed in the above program. This phase
would also include preparation of time study data and
proposed factory layouts to cover the production of the
units at any rate proposed by the Agency.
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SECURITY INEORMATIOH
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Bid No, 76 -
Phase IT - rpvosal for Pilot Run Production Prozraa
rrlrrlr rrrrl#Ir Y r This Phase 1Y covers the production of a pilot
run quantity to prove the tooling, jigs, fixtures, time
studies, plant layouts etc.; after which pilot run, such
equipment would be stored by the contractor at such cost
as may be mutually agreed upon in order to be prepared
for any eventuality which may direct the production of
larger quantities of the equipment on short notice.
Prepared by
4-15-53 MRK:pdq
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ULUUIt 1 I 1111 U Ul7ji1I IUIY
SECRET
Bid No. 76-1 25X1
PO,R, AAA xFUM 2QMI ,A R
Task a, I,
In compliance with a request from the contracting agency,
the following detailed engineering proposal covering Phase I of
Task I is submitted for your consideration.
A. Material. A list of estimated experimental material follows.
It is to be noted, first, that it must be assumed all important
components of the optical systems, power sources, and mechanical
adjustment systems etc. will be purchased especially built to
Raytheon specifications and for this reason as well as because
very small quantities will be involved, unit costs will be
relatively high; and second, that these estimates cover several
types of each description for comparative study.
Phase
I of Task
I, Materials
It..
Quantity
Description
Unit cost
Total Cost
1
6
Mirrors
$ 120.00
$ 720.00
2
6
Photomultipliers
2,000.00
12,000.00
3
10
PbS cells etc.
50.00
500.00
4
30
Special lamps
150.00
4,500.00
5
3
Special Gasoline
Engines
1,500.00
4,500.00
6
3
Special Generators
500.00
1,500.00
7
5
Silver Cell
Batteries
150.00
750.00
Lu! UIrJ
SIEMN
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ULUVIU 1 1 II 11 UIU17111 wll
SECRET
1W I& rivml
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Bid No. ~ 76-1
Item
Quantity
Description Unit cost
Total Cost
e
3
Mirror Modulators $500.00
$1,500.00
9
3
Special Phones 80.00
240.00
10
3
Tripods & Heads 120.00
360,00
11
3
Trim Mechanisms 250.00
750.00
12
lot
Mallory Cells
150.00
13
lot
Other Electronic Parts-------
4,000.00
14
lot
Other Mechanical Parts------
.
Material Total, Phase I of Task I
$39,470.00
15
Test Equipment for Sensitivity
eta.
tests
1.000.00
,
Material and Test Equipment
Total, Phase I of Task I
$40,470.00
B. Manpower, It is estimated that a total of 6,453 engineering
labor hours will be expended in Phase I of Task I as follows:
Division Chief and Project Engineers 1051 hours
Other Electronic Engineers 1313 hours,
Technicians 786 hours
Mechanical Engineers 1576 hours
Total Infrared Lab. Engineering
Draftsmen 675 hours
Model Shop 1050 hours
4728 hours
Total Service Engineering 1723 hours
Total Engineering Labor, Phase I of Task I
C_PrgcgiIn Phase I of Task I. a large number of studies
will be undertaken, both theoretical and experimental, in an effort
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ULuu11111 nu unnini iun
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as c ass
Bid No. 76-1
-3-
to arrive at parameters and devices which can be used to design
the longest range and smallest size and weight into a high quality
infrared communicator. Descriptions of a number of these studies
follow.
1. The infrared detector element. Studies will be made comparing
rrrrlArrlrrrrr
the sensitivities of photo-conductive cells such as lead sulfide,
thalofide, and lead selenide cells, against the sensitivity of
multiplier photo-cells designed especially for the infrared region,
for use with an incandescent tungsten source over the speech
frequencies. Thus the extreme sensitivity of the photonultiplier
must be weighed against its relatively high noise level when
designed for the infrared, its fairly large target area, and its
narrow spectral response. On the other hand, the excellent noise
level., the extremely small size, and the wide spectral response
of cells of the lead sulfide type must be weighed against their
relatively long time constant. and somewhat lower basic sensitivity.
2. The bean wi Since long range communication with small
power can only be achieved with a very narrow beam, and since it
is difficult for each station to find the other and establish
communisation unless the bean is quite wide, we will study the
feasibility of designing a source whose beam width can be made
wide for establishing communication, and narrowed down while main-
taining communication at greatly reduced input power. Special
incandescent lamps with multiple filaments will be considered
such that the central, communicating filament is surrounded by
one or a number of extra filaments which are energized only during
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1181C I& rim= IL
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Bid No. 76-1
the time necessary to find the other station and adjust to maximum
response. Various coding means for adjusting quickly and accurately
to the center of the other stations beam will be studied. A
study will also be made of means for supplying the additional
power for these filaments for the short period they are in operation
without reducing materially the overall operating time of the
equipment.
3. The reflector area. Since the transmitted energy and the
received energy are each directly proportional to the area of
the respective reflector, it is clear that the larger these can
be made the greater the range of the system will be. It is there-
fore the subject of one major proposed study to consider the
feasibility of using one large reflector for both receive and
transmit rather than two small separate ones occupying about the
same size case. Thus one 7" diameter mirror would equal the com-
bined areas of two 5" mirrors: one 10" diameter would equal the
combined area of two 7" mirrors, etc. The mechanism required
for switching from receive to transmit might become involved,
but if it could be simplified, such a device would be very worth
while developing.
4. The modulation} mens. Cesium lamp sources, which can be readily
modulated directly, are not adaptable to low power operation or
to narrow beam widths. Moreover they cannot be used in the inter-
mediate infrared. On the other hand, the tungsten filament which
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MM A& FrAss i
-5- Bid No, 76-1
is usable in both near and intermediate infrared at both low and
high powers, and narrow or wide beams, is not suitable for direct
electrical modulation due to the thermal lag of the filament.
We will study other means for modulating the output of the tungsten
filament. Vibrating mirrors, grids, defocussing devices and
total internal reflection schemes will be compared, with the aim
of arriving at a method giving the highest efficiency and the
beat intelligibility in the most compact arrangement.
5. The source of power. It is proposed to study the applicability
of a very small high frequency generator to the output of a very
small high speed gasoline engine arranged for quiet operation.
Such a combination should provide the most compact, long running
power source at present achievable, and have the further advantage
that gasoline for its operation should be readily available any-
where on earth. To compare with such a source, a study will be
made of light weight, high ampere hour capacity batteries such as
the Silver Cells, for use should only very low power be required
to achieve satisfactory ranges.
6. Other studies. Other studies will be made on the relative
merit of various types of high voltage power supplies for the
photomultiplier tubes and the amplifiers; band pass filter
arrangements; the applicability of transistors to the amplifiers;
devices for achieving maximum visual security, and the general
Lli
5LUI M it
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ti;LLJAI a I ii d Yu1!
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Bid No. 76-1
shape factor and mechanical packaging of the equipment. It is
to be noted in the above that no finished model will be the out-
come of the above phase but rather that data and components will
result which can be chosen for incorporation into design approval
models in the first stage of Phase II.
7. The above program is not intended to be #11 inclusive nor
exclusive but portrays the initial origins of the Study Phase.
Prepared b
5/4/53 : q
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ILLEGIB
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3RCT!E1' 2
k. 1 ACi z ?O.3lt1? N t~Cl 1A 'I6 t r
a.- Pelatad Mats and allied information in attached List.
Workatlo models should be available for service- testing within
one year from, initiation of project.
lI !E IONAL C .ARACT !s' xc
1. I equencyr coverage limited to a single voice channel; probably located within
"nary infra- red spectrum, from 0.8 to 1,2 microns, as used in comparable 61i i-
tary equipr nts, but both reliability of propagation and min aatjon of weight,
bulk, and power requirements should bb considered in selecting most suitau1e
operating range ithin the lit spectruLma regardless of compattbility with other
systems.
2. Emission fr?esignation; rioxmal voice modulation, with Lair degree of voice re-
connizabili.ty is the,p;+imary require nt. If a Secondary capability for Mbrst;
operation, Possibly using Operial ' goggles for code read.i.ng, in lieu of the
nabre noticeable earpiece necessary for voice, is easily includable, it would
Increase the utility of the eoui nt. Pooket operation of a handke
ot~ ~i. Yi under posses
Jule observation, o be , ,e sr cb ovs
tl!if use Of a microphone.
ftS! 1$ IO7 $ will be -intermittent; generally two- way alternately=. out
occasiorsa: c xcquire.aent for one- way only operation, where possible with previous
deteen.inat-ton of beaming angle or spread etc will develop, of simply feasible,
FY;.Uatzs for f'ocusinj, or ueatning on a distant target, with little or no return infor-
mation from the distax t target, would be helpful,
c, d.- 8upplenentary ch?rracteristi.ca$ bandwidth; in addition to physical con.
ceUb*nt, probability of detection or interception of the communications, or even
knowledge that signalling is occurring, should be a .nimizsd.
3* n",.; _':C " OF T A * I ?C / 0 ,~?Txt : Effort should be made to provide minimum range
of 0-16 arid one alf statute miles, under, worst expectable weather conditi0416; any
poS i a lity of penetrating light screenings such as shrubbery, or exploiting re
floctive properties ot" conunonly encountered structures or natural formations. should
be e-l cr4. S E 0 R
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SECtiE'r- 3
3. (Cont.) If physically supportavli , alternate use of mastery-- and- slave.
operation, with passive reflector at one station, and transmitting equip-
mont and power requirement concentrated at the other statz.on could be use-
f'a were one station had relative freedom of movement and operation, and
extreme caution was required at the other station.
1. . S "AT tAL COVr.F W; since oomrc nication laetween two fixed, or slowly rsov_ng
points, is necessary, a narrow beams width i d desirable, both to minimize det?
ectability and to ma ze signal power during cos ication. However, for
preliminary orientation, communication in motion, and possible `Deacon use,
ovailability of a broader bear .dth would be desirable, if sirply feasible.
Orientation of beam should preferably be feasible by movement of the oper-
ator's body;-, witth minimum of equipment adjustments necessary, beyond possible
adjustment of beaxwidth, if feasible, after inithal contact. Final beandidth
should be sufficiently broad that minor body movements v ill not disrupt contact,
~. interference elimination is anticipated' as a minor problem.
6. ldent5 flcation; Voice recognition will. probably provide best identificztion
means; however, any inherent features of the nedium which can sirply be used
recognizability should be etplaited.
7. STABILI`fY; should be the maxims n attainable with considerations of phrystoal
simplicity aid seeux,itt held as the prime governing factors.
U. - 'SOL TIO1' MR) DISC Ri rx A'IOi4; Sufficient to provide recognizable voice co -
uni.cnti.ons .
9. ACCU '1 CY & FIDELITY.- as above.
10. Opcration for ovor 30 minutes per contact should not be necessary, with oppor-
tuni to replace or recharge batteries between contacts if required. N ;l oper-
of
ation/l5 minutes per contact, includin ; line- up time, should be feasible.
SEC? L T_
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8FC' ET 4
Ill x E $XCAL GRAMAC' N. STIMSs
1. 4