WEAPONS OVERTURE TO AGGRESSION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-03362A002500050001-6
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 22
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 9, 1999
• Sequence Number: 1
• Content Type: REPORT

Approved For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP78-03362AO02500050001-6
WtA?C)i I
J~~r r~ r~r~r TO AGGRESSJOj\i
A r'Jr J OrcJi-\ :~ Urc Y Y Jr Jr-cu u:~:3JJ->>"l :--J\iJ1- I I ~.r?J\JJ:j
18 ic 1-1 9-1-IPL3,
BY ROGER
Approved For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP78-03362AO02500050001-6
Copyright 7950 by Roger Mush, iiudsm,ahio
 i
d For Release 2001/08/02: CIA-RDP78-03362AO02500050001-6
FOR YOUR INF wr .
WEAPONS Is a technical publication dealing with, oddly enough, weapons of all types. The first issue, which has taken
up practically all of my time since I had a leg rebuilt a year ago, deals exclusively with Russian weapons of the period
1891-1943 beginning with the introduction of Russia's first modern small arm and ending with the period of stabilized
designs of ground weapons. A succeeding issue - well, some future issue - of WEAPONS will carry the story up to date,as
soon as enough adequate and accurate information is available. In this regard it should be pointed out that Russian wea-
pons used in Rorea Indicate that arms and supplies of the types and models in use in 1943 are still in use and are still
being produced.
WEAPONS is available on subscription at five dollars for 12 issues. The first issue is no longer available on subscrbp
tions which will now (from January 1950 to the actual publication date of WEAPONS 2) begin with WEAPONS 2.WEAPONS appears
at VEiiY irregular intervals. Future issues will probably be by no means so large as this one. The subscription price t
very steep: I am not supplying a magazine - I am supplying information which in many cases costs me a small fortune, and
it takes weeks of full-time work (drawing and Vari-Typing) to get it up to the point where I can start to spend some more
money for plates, paper, envelopes and postage. The source material for WEAPONS 1, stacked up, makes a stack some seven
feet high, not counting microfiplms...one batch of photostats alone cost me eleven ucks - see what I mean? If you should
subscribe to WEAPONS, you will get a lot of information and not very much paper ...and if that's the way you like it, five
dollars sent to Roger Marsh, Box 200, Hudson Ohio, puts you on the lists. Remember however - the first issue took over
a year (including hospital ime, of course) to prepare, and I don't guarantee any miraculous increase in speed, although
succeeding issues should go a lot more easily.
Some authors and publishers think that credits and acknowledgements in a book are a sign of weakness. They seem to think
that an author should try to appear to have a straight pipeline to Heaven whence he draws his information. This is silly.
A lot of people helped more or less directly on WEAPONS 1. Without a superhuman degree of forbearance on the part of my
immediate family, I would have been out in the snow - bad temper and all - when the oin got tough (how they put up with
me when the drawings were going worst is beyond me). Lee King has been a lot more than Just a great help, too. Editor
Paul Bellamy of The Cleveland plain Dealer saved my life and solvency by deciding to try out a straight gun column in
the PD - "Guns of past and Present". General Julian S.Hatcher and John Scoflsld of the NRA have always been ready with
advice, information and encouragement. Emil Schnedarek and John Conlon have supplied much info. Phil Sharpe well known
to every arms man in the country - and the world - supplied a tremendous amount of data. William H.Woodin III was most
helpful in the matter of ammunition. Garret Underhill and Harry Wandrus have been most helpful. A.L.Aideout was a great
help in the Russian material, and Bernard Rand supplied that without which most of the translations and transliterations
would have had to be left out. Mildred gtewart and Elias Jones of the Technology Division, Cleveland public Library
have always been ready to help when asked. And, if you want to be realistic, WEAPONS 1 would never have appeared haA
it not been for the entire staff and personnel of U.R.Marine Hospital on Fairhill Road in Cleveland where I went in
osteomyelitis and an atypical osteoid osteoma and came out with a scar. I've been in a lot of hospitals, but they don't
come better than Marine.
I was going to try to list the sources for WEAPONS 1. Let's be realistic - the list would be about three pages long.
And, undoubtedly I have lost track of a few individuals who should have been credited, too. Sorry: I did my best.
Every individual interested in weapons should join:
The National Rifle Association The American Ordnance The U.S.Revolver YOUR state and local
of America Association Association pistol and rifle as-
1900 Rhode Island Avenue 705 Millsfidg. 49 Chestnut St. sociations gun clubs
Washington 6, D.C. Washington 6, D.C. Springfield, Mass. and collector groups!
- shooters wise, organize!!
Of course there will be some points in this publication which will be open to debate. I have
made every effort to eliminate mistakes or obvious boners, but some errors are almost inevi-
table in a field so cloaked with obscurity and so muddled by deliberately "doctored" Russian
publicity. Corrections, if required, will be made in future numbers of WEAPONS.
ELOW: Notes on the Russian alphabet and a few useful terms. Others will be
found in the main text. See note below alphabet....
A a soft A
B 6 B IIECTOJIeT Pistol INDEX...
B 8 v ABTOMaTLv eCHX2 IIDICTOJIeT Automatic pistol Handguns I
P r G PeBoJibBep Revolver Submachine guns 2,3
,r D BEHTOBi{a Rifle Rifles 4
e 'yeh" Mara3RHHaR BMHTOBRa Magazine rifle Autorifles 5
8 "yaw" IIpOTEBOTaHHOBOe pylb a Anti-tank rifle Scopes and bayonets 6
YA zh ABTOMaTymecEa.R BIITHTOBHa Automatic rifle Grenades 7
3 3 Z IIHCTOJIeT-HyJIeM1T Machine carbine C (Degtyarov) 8,9
14 I3 ee PytIHOft IIyJIeMeT Machine rifle Mar ime 10,11
LI F, -ih gTly short an far IIyJIBM~T Machine gun Mediums (I939,1 M) 12
H H K back in the throat. CTaHeHOBH:ft IIyJIeMeT Heavy machine gun Schkass (A/C') 13
7I a L CTaEoE, YCT HOBxa Mount Heavy s (DK,DShK) 14,15
M M M Mara3IiH Magazine
H H N 06o2Ma clip (also autqpistol mag.) AT Rifles 16,17
"aw" IIyJIeH THaR JIeHTa Ammunition belt Ammunition 18,19
C
o
P P R - and roll it! IIaTpOH Cartridge one final note before you plunge C C ss VJ1P HHaR rYlJIb3a Cartridge case in g .re.a. t the many Russi for ans foreign have used a
among
T T T j~I,v rn Bullet them Gew9Ss, p14s, RAAs, Vickers,
,}l 11aTpOHHI1R Chamber Madsens, foreign Maxims,Vickers-
MP3Ss and MP40s (the
00 Berthiers
,
t~ t F ISaHaji CTBOJIa Bore last two were widely used). In
}{ X kh well down in your throat Hap e3Ha Rifling this book, since the line had to
is IlaT off 6OHOBOrO 60R Rimfire cartridge be drawn stmnon-Ru, I have po-
1~ u P cluded "most .since
weapons,
LI q ch ITaTpoli T4eHTpaJIBHOPO 60H Center-fire cartridge even many of those which were
III sh PpaHaTa Grenade generally used. (The Schwarzlose
and Bolo Mauser pistols are in-
sh-ch MOBaH rpaHaTa Smoke grenade cluded, however.} Don't worry -
1) b hard sign MlIIHa Trench mortar shell there's enough native stuff to
keep you busy. I hope you enjoy
H H short I MOUTH a Heavy mortar it...and learn something!
L b soft sign MIIHOM T Trench mortar
3 3 short E PyIKe1Maa MOpTIIpI{a Grenade launcher
10 IG yoo IKeiie3o iron
fI R ya 1eCTL Tinplate or plated iron Individuals interested in pursuing the
CTaJIb Steel language further should buy:
M9JIb, HpaCHaft McJIb Copper Tee nical Manual 30-544 (Russian
This is not a short course in pus- Military Dictionary) 70e
sign, and the transliterations in JIaTyHB Brass Technical Manual 30-944 (Dictionary
the above alphabet are necessarily BpOH3a pronze of Spoken Russian) 12.50
approximations which do not show ...from the Superintendent of Documents
the variety of pronunciations which 414HE Zinc Washington 25, D.C.
the Russian language accords a let-
ter according to emphasis and po- Copyright 1950 by Roger Marsh, Hudson, Ohio Also recommended:
emchuzhnay a- Russian,
Sit ion. by ,,Gronicicka aka : and Essentials
For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP78-03362A002500`0SbVbll=ball, Inc.,New York, 1948)
 NN D N For Release 2001/08/02: CIA-RDP78-03362AO02500050001-6
NAGANT
SERVICE REVOLVERS
Caliber 7.62mm Nagant
Introduced 1895, still in limited
service 1943. Cylinder rotates and
reciprocates. enveloping rear end
of barrel at moment of firing, as
mouth of case enters rear of barrel
to provide a gas seal.
Cartridges single-loaded through gate on
right. Rod ejector mounted in swinging
crane on barrel, housed within cylinder pin.
7 shot, 4J" barrel, 9J" overall, 14 lbs.
RUSS IAN
POLICE REVOLVERS
Caliber 7.62mm Nagant
Roth single-action and double-action trigger mechanisms
have been renorted(see above). Mechanisms are practically
trigger (1) ancl hammer 2) rotate, lifting and (3) to index cylinder.
Tail of trigger liftt block (4) which, riding in vertical grooves in the
frame, forces breech-niece (5) against base of cartridge, forcing cylinder
forward. Release of trigger after firing permits
co-axial spring in cylinder to force cylinder
back, ready for next cycle.
9-shot cylinders. Apparently imported,
these were also made in caliber 8mm Label.
MOUSER 1920
"SOLO MOUSER"
Caliber 7.63mm
Mauser
An "obturating" revolver with
reciprocating cylinder arranged
on swing-out crane for election
and loading. Very limited use.
PE IPER
RUSSIAN SERVICE
Caliber 7.62mm Nagant.
7 shot, 44" barrel, *overall. 1-5/8 lbs.
AUTOMATIC PISTOL
Caliber 7.63 mm Mauser
(pro ably earlier Borchardt
load . Rought by Russian
revolutionaries, taken at
border or during abortive
1905 revolution, later reissued
to Imperial Police.
TOKAREV 1930 SERVICE PISTOL
Caliber 7.92 me Russian autonistol (u'actically
identical with 7.P mn(fiuaer). rlodified grouping type,
s t-recoil rated, 8-roLM mw,galine. 4*" barrel
" overall, ll lhsBalmier mchanism lifts out '
"en bloc" during disassenbly.
UNIDENTIFIED
4UTOPISTOL
(Appeared in aye
Soviet film) !:
Toloirev grips are normally
black plastic with the usual
star insignia. A few wool griTs,
crudely checlered. have been noted.
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~~ ( JJ 11 JJ 0]fET IIYJIEM T 6 3A
IINCT - o
Caliber 7.62mm Russian autopistol
operation: blowback
Cooling: air
Weight: 7-3/4 lbs.
Length: 30-1/2"
Barrel: about 10"
Drum magazine capacity: 71 rds.
Cyclic: reported around 600 RPM
Sights: 50-500 meters.
p.
MACHINE PISTOL, Model 34/38
Caliber 7.62mm Russian autopistol
Operation: blowback
Cooling: air
Weight: 7-1/2 lbs.
Length-30-1/2"
Barrel: about 10"
Box magazine capacity: 25 rds.
Drum magazine capacity (drum not
general issued uncertain, pro-
bably around 70 rounds.
Cyclic: reported around 900 RP1f
Sights: 60-500 meters
IIYICTOJIET-IIYJIEMET oxcTeiw =rTAEBA o6p.:t940 -- IIIIA
MACHINE PISTOL, Deotyarov system,Model 1940:PPD
BELOW:
nMCTOJIET-IIYJIEM T cRcTeMH MIAPUIHA o6p.1941 -- IIIID1
MACHINE PISTOL, SHPAGHIN system,Model 1941:PPSh
Sights are of two types, tangent
(reported settings:-50-500 meters)
and a shielded two-leaf pattern
(settings:100 & 200 meters).
Front sights also vary
slightly according to
manufacture.
have a "cocking handle sai'e-
ty", a small slide in the
top of the handle which
may be pushed in to
engage notches in
the top of the
cocking handle
slot.
magazine was the more
widely used, a curved
box magazine (probhblu
capacity-25 rds) was
also issued.
2
Caliber 7.62mm Russian
autopistol
Operation?blowback
Cooling:air
Weight: 8-1/2 lbs.
Length: 32-3/4"
Barrel: 10-1/2"
Cyclic: about 800 RPM
permitse "ban a reaking"r the gunratether
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This weapon has been variously reported
as the Model 42 and the Model 43. Pro-
bably both designations have some virtue.
The arm seems to be a modification of the
PPSh 41 action with folding stock but
lacking the provision for use of drum mag-
azine and without the safety slide in the
cocking handle. An examination of the
illustrations, taken from pictures of
arms of various dates will show varying
executions on the basic pattern.
IIYICTOJIET-IIYJIEIT odp. 1943
MACHINE PISTOL, Model 1943
a Iso
Machine Pistol, Model 1942
Caliber: 7.62mm Russian autopistol
Operation: blowback
Cooling: air
Weight: about 7-1/4 lbs.
Length, stock extended: about 35-1/2"
Length, stock folded: about 24-1/2"
Magazine ca acityy(box): 25 rds.
Sights: 100-200em ers RPM
This arm was reportedly designed as
a paratroop weapon, which is what
any folding-stock machine-pistol
is immediately called. It apears
to have been an "elite weapon? , is-
sued to the Guards and to paratroop
units serving as :hock troops.
The metal and plastic construction of the
Model 43 is unique in the field of Russian
shoulder weapons. Note the interesting
muzzle brake - merely a bent piece of steel
with a hole at the strategic point.
The three-month Russo-Finnish War which began on 30 November 1939 found the Red Army supplied - or, rather,undersupplied -
with machine carbines of the 1934/38 pattern with 25-round box magazines. The Finns, on the other hand, had the superb
Lahti-designed "Suomi pistol", whose accuracy, controllability and 70-round drum must have been a real eye-opener to the
Soviets. The great Degtyarov (now apparently being eclipsed by Shpaghin) was turned loose on the problem: he came up
with the PPD1940 - fast work! It is reported that, in order to speed production, the expedient was adopted of using old
7.62mm rifle barrels cut in half (after trimming off the old chamber and worn muzzle),each half then being chambered far
the 7.62mm autopi.stol cartridge, thus making two barrels where there was but one before. -In spite of such expedients,
however, Russia was still short of machine-carbines when the fateful 22nd June 1941 rolled around. The rising star,
Shpaghin, was on the ,lob, however, and his PPSh1941, produced in record time, was soon general issue - so general, in
fact, that it ultimately became almost a part of the Soviet uniform. The wooden-stocked slab-sided. PPSh1941 has turned
up as an arm of the Czech military (previously - post-war - armed with 8tG machine carbines, and VZ39s, ZK383s and ZK
383/ps were available), as a service weapon of the North Korean army and as a juicy tidbit of evidence in the hands of
Warren Austin in the U.N.Security Council. The 1950 markings reported on the gun which Austin displayed indicate that
the PPSh1941 is still being manufactured. Just where this leaves the Model 1943 (1942) is an open question.
The Model 1943 is generally reported as a paratroop weapon. This is not a particularly useful description in view of
the fact that Russian paratroops were thrice absorbed, for all practical purposes, into the ground forces:although
they were used as shock troops early in 1942, in the Leningrad, Smolensk and Don battles, they were subsequently with-
drawn as paratroop units to "airborne" areas, but the German offensive against Stalingrad (August,1942) caused the
(probably somewhat bewildered, by this time) paratroops to be transmuted into Guards (Guards rifle, artillery and ar-
mored divisions) under Kuznezov. They were sent against the Germans - along with everything else - and Stalingrad was
held. In the initial German invasion, Soviet paratroops had been practically wiped out in the process of breaking up
the original blitz drive on Moscow(in late June to early August 1941)and in the August counterattacks, and their sub-
sequent reorganization and reconstitution was scarcely well begun before, as noted, they were returned to "mud work".
After the winter battles of which Stalingrad was the most famous, a final attempt was made in 1943 under Kapitochin
to rebuild the paratroops, butt circumstances did not thereafter require airborne infantry or paratroop activity, and
so their activities faded back into the obscurity of the vastnesses of the U.S.S.R.. Apparently, the Soviets are stif
training paratroops: how these will be used is an interesting subject for speculation.
Interestingly, although the 43 is generally called the paratroop weapon, paratroops shown in Soviet pictures generally
carried old Faithful - PPSh 1941.
For more information on Soviet To show you what a poor researcher is up against, note the following passage from one can't help wondering about
paratroops, read Asher I,eeIs INVASION IN THE SNOW, by John Isngd on -Davies: "...(discussing the Suomi pistoll.. these eye-witness accounts.
THE SOVIET AIR FORCE (Harper & ..second, its caliber has been increased from the 7.65 of the Bergmann gun to 9mm. No issue 9"un Russian pistols
Brothers, New York,1950: $2.75) The Russians have no 7.65 caliber weapons, but are plentifully supplied with 9mm or machine-carbines (except cap-
us It pisto d b to f c tured NP38s and 40s) are known.
kPAr to Ui G1 6om1 IS ": how do you
Approved F r~# 9easset QQA
of the Finnish defenders... without drawing on home reserves of anmiunitlon." suppose the Finns used captured
Russian autopistol ammo?
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MOISIN-NAGANT
MODEL 1801
Standard rifle 31 XI bbl.
Caliber 7.62m Russian
,l
MODEL 1891
Dregom rifle 28.8" bbl.
Caliber 7.62m Russian
MODEL 1891 /30
Modernized standard rifle 28.8" bbl..
Caliber 7.62 can Russian.
Rand receiver ring.
AKY have turned-davn bolt handle.
Not illustrated...
M91 rifle
MI 000 rifle
M 1916 r i f I e (U.,;. Mfr.)
...closely resenble Model 1891
standard rifle.
WORLD WAR II
SPECIAL SHORT CARBINE
THE MOISIN-NAGANT SYSTEM
A combination of the (Col. Sergei Ivanovich) Moisin breech
mechanism with the magazine system developed by the Bel-
gian Nagont. Macyazine loaded from five -round stripping
chargers. Interrupter an left hall of magazine prevents
double feeds and minimizes rim-aver--rim stoppages. Turning bolt
rotates90? to lack:lugs are horizontal when locked. The t+bisin--Nagant system
is not particularly attractive but is amply strong for the cartridge used. The heavy
cocking-piece serves as a safety :when pulled back and turned it is intercepted by the receiver
body, which prevents it fr zn marina forward and thus prevents discharge of the rifle. Moisins of ore-
Red-evolutiarary design rave a receiver rina octagonal in section, while modern Maisins have a cylirdri-
cal receiver ring. Older patterns generally have step-Graduated sights, frequently graduated in paces,
while modern types have a Mauler "tangent" pattern graduated in meters. Tn most models, old and new, the
bolt handle -when locked - sticks straight out to the right, but rifles designed for use with telescopic
sights (and some late-issie carbines) have turned-down bolt handles.
WtN'CHESTER MODEL 1895
RUSSIAN SERVICE PATTERN
Caliber 7.62mm Russian
This is the regular Witchester box-macazine lever-action rifle, Model 1895,
chambered for the 7.62rm Russian service cartridge and fitted with a quids
bridge over the top of the receiver to assist in charger-loading. It has
the Winchester service stock.
-~, RUSSIAN SMALL-BORE RIFLE
T.O.Z.- 8 (and T.O.Z.-9)
Caliber 5.6 mm (.22")
The T.O.Z. 5 6nm (.22") rifles may be fond in both single shot (7E8)
and repeater('I 9 with des magazine) versions. '1Cy, rifles have been fitted with
the Russian 4- aer P.E scope sight. They my also be fitted with the 3.5 paver
P.U. scope.
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 q~s,~ t e i-auto rifles, even of the
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T)~ r1Jr (? r satisfactory in service and were neither manufactured nor
I r J J issued extensively after 1942. Reportedly, the fault lay
not in the rifles but in Russian ammunition, whose ouality
was, to put it euphemistically, variable..
CEMOHOS
S IMONOV
MODEL 1938
SERVICE RIFLE
Caliber 7.e2 mm Russian
The Simonov Model 1936 rifle
was Russia's first semiauto
issue rifle. . About4 feet
long with approximately 24"
barrel, it was fed from a 1F-.
STMONOV 1936 rifles are gas-
operated. The head of the
bolt 2 passes through the
center of a hollow locking
block located at 5, whose
lower bar engages locking
recess 2A. powder gases exit
through nozzle B. entering
and driving back the cup
(dashed lines) and operating
rod, also the operating slide
4. The slide carries back the
upper bolt 1 and then cams down
the locking block out of en-
aement with the bolt. A.
timing lock" secures tin its
rearward position on 2 during
recoil and counter-recoil.
As bolt 2 returns forward, its
head passes through the locking
block. When 2 is fully forward,
1 is released to continue for-
ward. camming surface 1A forcing
up the upper bar of the locking
block, bringing its lower bar
up into recess 2A.
round box magazine which could be re-
placed or recharged from standard 5-round
rifle chargers. The arm was reportedly fitted
with a full-auto switch. Its use was very limited
although it did see line service.
Phil Sharpe states that he was informed by a Major Shiskov, a
Russian member of a special investigations team in Europe,"that
Tokarev was an engineer who did the final development work on
Simonov models". Comparison of the PTRS 1941 Simonov anti-ta.nk
rifle with the Tokarev 1938 and 1940 rifles is particularly in-
teresting in the light of this statement.
The oper-
ating slide of
the 91monov 1936 is
assembled under the rear
sight, whose mounting base
passes through a recess in the
middle of the slide. This view
shows the general exterior
appearance of the 1938
breech, including the
sight (100-1500 meters),
slide-4, upper bolt-1
and charger guide.
Tosape>s
TOKAREV
MODEL 1938
SERVICE RIFLES
Caliber 7.62 mn Russian
The 1938 Tokarev has a long wood hand-
quard above the barrel with only a short
perforated metal guard at the front. The
wooden stock is full-length, although
service Model 1938s generally had a two-
cart stock. Cleaning rod on right side..
Generally have eight vent muzzle brake.
Sang with one-piece stock, sure with six-
vent brake may be early modela intermediate
designs or wartime assemblies to use up
available components.
TOKAREV
MODEL 1940
SERVICE RIFLE
Tokarev 1940 rifles have one-piece stocks
shorter than thoseof the 1938s. A metal
handgrnrd belay the barrel complements the
shortened stock. The short upper metal
handquard of the i938s has been elongated
TOKAREV in the 19402, while the upper woad hand-
MQDE L 1940 nos been shortened. Model 194Cs
have a folding magazine latch, most have
CARBINE the 6-vent brake although a special simpli-
fied brake design has been noted.
Tokarev rifles are generally about four feet overall with
24-3/8" barrels, are fed from 1f-round detachable box maga-
zines (which may be recharged on the gun from 5-round char-
gers) and are gas-operated on the nozzle-and-cup system. The
operating rod (extending through the rear sight base)forces
back the bolt carrier, which cams the rear end of the bolt
up out of engagement with the cross-key in the receiver.
Though Tokarev 40s are rated semi-automatic, there is an an-
cillarv ses,r(ahead of and enraging the hammer near its axis)
which is disengaged from the hammer by a plunger forced down
by the rear end of the bolt as it locks. If the main sear is
held out of its normal engagement with the head of the hammer, the
Tokarev carbine - 39" overall
ancillary sear ceases to be a safety measure only and becomes a means
of full-auto fire. Full-auto Tokarevs have been reported.
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.
OIITW ECI IIPYII EJI
RUSSIAN TELESCOPIC SIGHTS
P.E.-4X
P.U.-3.5X
Considering the extensive pre-World-War-TT-activities of
the Society for the promotion of Defense, Aviation and
Chemical Defense ("0soaviakhim") in promoting, among other
things, rifle marksmanship in the Soviet Union, it is not
surprising that the Russians, during World War IT, made
much use of telescope-sighted rifles.
Before and during the early days of the war, sniping equip-
ment consisted largely of selected rifles of the 1891/30
pattern with turned-down bolt handles. These were fitted
with a standard two-ring mount carrying the large 4x PE
telescope.
Subsequently, the 3.5x pU telescope came into general issue,
although it certainly did not displace the pp.model scope.
Since the war, these telescopes have, theoretically, been
returned to training and sport use, although a Degtyarov
recently (September 1950) captured in Koren. carries what
looks very much like a scope on a special mount.
OCOABKA)G f - Osoaviakhim - uses the TOZ rifle with PE
scope as well as appropriate service arms.
Illustrations 1,2 and 5 show the 4x-PE scope in standard
mounts, illustration 3 shows the PE in special mounts and
illustration 4 shows the 3.5x PU in standard mounts all
on the Model 1891/30 rifle. Illustrations 8 and 7 show the
3.5x PU scope on Tokarev Model 1940 autoloading rifle.
MTHR
RUSS IAN BAYONETS
_ C
RUSSIAN BAYONETS:
1. "Oran'paw" goes into his sixtieth year come 1951, and
he seems to be going strong. Just as the basic Voisin
rifle has outlasted the Simonova and Tokarevs, thanks to
Russian ammunition, so has the original bayonet its
rivals of 1936, 1938 and 1940.
2. The long knife bayonet of 1936, designed exclusively
for use with the Simonov. 2A shows the method of at-
tachment:apparently they didn't trust the muzzle brake
as a bayonet mounting. Blade 13", overall 18.3".
3. The short knife bayonet of 1940 ?ttached in conventional
fashion (see 4). This was the final development before
reversion to the ancient pattern. Blade .945", 15.4" OA.
4. This was the long knife bayonet introduced with the
Tokarev 1938, whose muzzle brake was apparently con-
sidered brawny enough to support a bayonet.
Abandonment of the autoloading rifles necessitated setting
aside the bayonets adapted to them. perhaps abandonment is
teo strong a word - and perhaps even a premature judgement.
'larrett Underhill mentions their withdrawal from service,
and it is reportedly that Russian ammo which was to blame.
Perhaps improved ammunition will bring the rifles and their
bayonets back out of the cosmoline.
Anyway, the return t) the old bayonet isn't a total loss.
Besides being a bayonet, it was also a stacking hook, a
screw-driver and a roasting, spit.
Incidentally, this original type of bayonet was used with the
Berdan rifles which preceded the Moisins.
Approved For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP78-03362AO02500050001-6
 or r ]\JJ,\\Ap~ar ed For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP78-03362AO02500050001-6 l . LEFT:
PY&E iAR FPAHATA - BrA / B - IkHTOBHB. Rifle
r - F1DaEaTa Grenade
ICOROB Dyakonov*
Caliber 40.6mm - 1.598
Weight of grenade; 5401 gr. *the designer
I Weight of grenade with barrel; 6710 gr.
Length of renade; 4.53"
Velocity w/o booster propellent charge; 177 f/s
Velocity with booster:360 f/s.
Range w/o booster: about 300 meters
Range with booster; up to 900 meters
Booster propellant: 36.6 gr.
Explosive charge; 772 gr. Trotyl (Gray nose)
Other nose colors indicate:
(yellow) amatol (green) melinite
(red) Schneiderite (brown) ammonal
i-serrated casing.2-nose.3-bullet passage tube.
4-base plate (with 3 driving studs).5-fuse tube.
6-detonator tube .7..detonator compound.8-delay
composition.9-upper time fuze section.1O-com-
municating composition.ll-compound disk.12-lower
time fuze section.13-fuze compound (3-12 seconds
optional delay) 14-igniter comppound.15-obtu-
rating cupg.16-connecting sleeve.l7-clamp nut (Lff
thread).18-booster propellant. 18-explosive
charge.20-clamp nut.
PYEE IHMI MOPT14PI{A
RIFLE GRENADE LAUNCHER
Diameter; 2.36"
Length of head: 4.53"
Length OA: 17.9"
Weight; 23.98 oz
1.Inertia firing pin and creep spring.
2-Detonator (includes "trizinat", barium
nitrate, lead azide,"sulphut antimony"
and tetr 1).
3.Communicating composition or booster
charge.
4.Explosive charge.
5.Cavity and 5A cavity liner.
B.Nose cover.
7.Casing.
A. Coupling.
9.Firing pin housing.
10.Rod
11 Ring fin.
12.Oafety pin-and ring.
The grenade is fired from a standard rifle (including the
autoloaders) using a special launching cartridge (ammunition;
E). Special added-sights are also reported, but photographs
of the grenade in use don't show them: the gunner seems to
be aiming on a strictly "by guess" basis. On firing, the rod
slides through the ring fin assembly until spring dogs A en-
age annular groove g in rod, after which the fin accompanies
he grenade.
Charge; compressed granulated TNT
with cavity.
Weight of charge; 5154 gr.
Color: green, some gray.
Anti-
tank
Range:50-75 meters.
Penetration: 30mm armor.
Use of rifle grenades
was limited during the
war. The VGD could not
compete with trench nor-
tars and its rotary
stabilization meant that
it was seldom flying
point-on at the end of
its traectory; since
the casing fragments
were to a large extent
projected in a plane
normal to the axis of
the projectile,its ef-
fectiveness was some-
what unpredictable.
Also, it required the
carryying of an auxiliary
discharger, and since
minimum fuze time was
three seconds with a
mininum initial velocity
of 177 f/s, it was not very
useful on nearby targets.
Lacking an impact fuze, its
all-around usefulness was
rather limited.
The VPG was also a limited-
purpose weapon, being
strictly armor-piercing.It
had, of course, some blast
effect, but this was appar-
ently regarded as incidental.
Its range was quite short
and recoil must have been
a very interesting problem .
for the gunner. Since its
armor-piercing effectiveness
even within its limited range
was no greater than that of
the PTR weapons, which had a
/ B - BHTOB$a Rifle
A - I1poTHB0TaHxoBaa
r - rpaHaTa Grenade
PY'IIWI IPAHATA
HAND GRENADE
The hand grenade was a favorite weapon of Russian troops
especially the off-again-on-again "paratroops". The stand-
ard model was very similar to the German potato-masher.
Most had smooth casings but some with frag serrations
have been noted. A particularly pleasant idea was to tie
four or five together and heave the bundle at a tank.
much greater range, the VPG was accorded a secondary role. Had it been
provided with a serrated metal casing to give some fragmentation effect,
it might well have become a most effective dual-purpose weapon.
It is interesting to note that this grenade uses a shaped or hollow charge.
The Russians have never been laggards in the field of weapons.
They also made use of
bottles filled with
inflammable liquids.
A wad of combustible
material attached to
the neck of the bottle
was ignited and the
bottle was then thrown
at its target. When the
bottle broke, the party
warmed up fast.
Approved For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP78-03362AO02500050001-6
The grenade is placed in the Dyakonov discharger
with its driving studs engaging the riflings.On
firing, the bullet passes through the center tube
of the grenade, the propellant gases expanding in-
to the discharger behind the grenade, where they
ignite the booster propellant (if present) and
the time fuze.
IIPOTIIROTAHKOBAJI PY iAFI PPAHATA BIIP
ANTITANK RIFLE GRENADE - VPG
 Approved For Release
LJ\J 3
DEGTYAROV
LIGHT MACHINE GUN
MACHINE RIFLE)
Caliber 7.62 mm Russian
Weight about 20 lbs (9.2 kg.)
Length overall 50"
Barrel length 23.8"
Ce.pacity of pan magazine:47
roundds.
Sights, open:100-1500 meters
All standard Degt arov machine
rifles and/or light machine guns
are gas-operated and air-cooled.
The Degtyaroy Model 1928 light
machine gun is a superb weapon, quite
possibly the best light machine gun of
the present time. Gas-operated, with a cyclic
rate (550 RPM) which closely approaches the optimum
for this class cf weapon, it has but six partO and
one spring necessary for operation. It may be field-
stripped by removing the screw cross-pin at the rear
of the receiver, dropping the rear end of the
trigger and stock group, releasing the spring
lock at the rear of the operating rod housing
tube and pulline the moving parts straight
back out of the gun.-To remove the barrel,
press in the barrel lock (button near front
end of left side of receiver), give barrel
1/4 turn and pull forward.'To remove pan
magazine, pull tack ears of rear sight,
lift rear end of pan and disengage front
fingers of pan from attaching lug on
C)
groove in rod wiil.e en-
gaging a tooth on rear
of gas. cup. preventing
its unscrewing.
Safety blocks only
trigger.
ABOVE: Details of Degtvarov
M1928, esppecially of 47-round
pan magazine and three-pan
carrier. Pans are also often
carried in a sack.
BELOW: Degtyarov 1928
mounted on motorcycle
side-car. Note rigid
bipod bracing. This is
available on the regu-
lar ground gun.
Barrel length:23.8"
Capacity of drum magFZi.ne:60 rounds.
Sights, aperture: 400-1000 meters.
pin car-
carried (1) in
fork of slide en-
ters bolt body. Shoul-
ders on pin bear (2) a-
gainst lugs on locking flaps.
Fingers on bottom of locking flaps
enter (3) camming recess in slide.
Gun fires from open bolt. Assembly
goes forward, flaps retracted flush
with bolt. When bolt is fully for-
ward., flaps come opposite locking
recesses in receiver. Slide contin-
ues forward, firing pin camming
flaps out to lock and firing car-
tridge. Gases, through cup and rod.
drive hack slide, retracting firing
pin from between looks. Cam sur9,ces
in slide working on flap fingers
pull flaps into bolt. Front of re-
cess in slide strikes lug on bottom
of bolt, carries bolt back.
The flanged barrel of :he unmodified tank machine un illustrated is
apparently no longer common. The ground modification, used during
World War TT (with and without flash hiders), has reappeared in the
App'rdved Foe ReleaseK2061/08/02 : CIA-RDP78-03362AO02500050001-6
veloping gas nozzle, driving spring corn-
pressed between gas cup and siring lock.
 Approved For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP78-03
DEGTYAROV AIRCRAFT MACHINE GUN
Caliber 7.62 mm Russian
Weight about 18 lbs.
Length: 29" -- Harrel: 23.9"
Drum capacity: 80 rounds
Aircraft Deetyarov M/(}
mounted on revolvinw
pylon mount with coupled
seat and empty case hag.
That case-catcher is a
wood idea - a fellow
could get an awful face-
full of hot brass out of
that thing. The absence
of' sights indicates
tracer fire control.
Above...
Twin-mounted aircraft Dec-
tyarovs (drums removed).
This was a popular arranwe-
ment in the middle Thirties.
Note the Scarff ring mount.
Compare it with -
Left...
Twin-mounted aircraft-type
Degtvarovs mounted as anti-
c
et torpedo boat. Note the
ldenticalomountinesnand
cartridge case disposal chutes. Obviously, out-
T"OdOd replacednbynthedSchkassE and
Schvak weapons - was switched over and Made naval
issue. The only chance appears to be the substi-
tution of large flash-hiders for the original Deg-
tyarov muzzle brakes,
Interestingly, cyclic rate of all Degtvyarovs, even cra
m minute. The aircraftiversionsaare~lapparreny rounds
so that the cocking handle can be made aces-
sibl.e from either side: standard Degtyarovs have
the cocking handle on the right.
A WOR'LD, WAR I I I DEGTYAROV
THAT got your attention! The Degtyarov illustrated below was captured in Korea. Examination
of the original pictures indi- cates that it is a ground-modification tank Deg-
tyarov fitted with some sort K__1
f
o
and
Approved For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP78-03362AO02500050001-6
 Approved For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP78-03362AO02500050001-6
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Approved For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP78-03362AO02500050001-6
 ~rOd. J\~Or~e~@aSQOO~:' ~jRDP,~,3U45Q,O~1 o~aft gun information is exceedingly
J ~- JAS` 1 'i , I~ ,J J hard to et. Some of the guns noted on this page have been
\ ~) ructed f b
reconst
Heavy A/C MG, possibly 12.7mm, may be Beresin.
Believed taken from a"Yak"-series fighter.Gas-
operated, air cooled.
Identified in caption (AIR NEWS tiar.44) as the "12.7mm
UB" gun. May be incorrect transliteration of theWAD
orRchAV. German sources list the 12.7mm version of the
Schpitalny-h---/ as the SchVak, however.
RFL()W: A reconstruction of the motor cannon from the
"Yak". This Is -generally reported to be of the SchVAK
20mm pattern.
BELOW: 20mm wing gun (8chVAK or SchAV pattern un-
certain) from the IL2 Shturmovik. This was erroneously
identified as 32mm in the original caption.
I
graphs or illustrationsi,rothers havebcomeefrom teedviouslyo
published material whose accuracy, especially in
the captions, is seriously open to question.
The material is presented for whatever it's
worth. I did not originally plan to include
- any of it but even questionable material,
provided It is honestly served up and not
presented as the latest wordfrom the Krem-
lin is of value. The illustrations are
0on9QTuction")., ii rand
data are, as you will note, tentative.
The 20mm flexible gun in the tail turret of the big TB7.
Bruchiss (AIRCRAt'T ARMAMENT) gives the following cannon and heavy
machine gun data for the armament of the 1.4993 with 108P cannm-
engine;cannon, i:nIn, 21"0 f/s, ore 39.8", length oA g4.0",
weight 88.2 lbs., cyclic 700-800 RFbM...eEchine gun, MV 2780 f/s,
bore 39.8", length OA 83.7", weight 86.2 lbs., cyclic 700-800 RPM.
The accuracy of this Information,-esfeclally lengths and weights
of cannon, Is not guaranteed
, g
characterristicseof thewSchkell ssi,owhosetbasicadesigntsecroshtovhave been remarkablyeadapptable.iaThehfeea systemminypartic-
ular is ideal for large-caliber automatic guns, since it permits use of a light and flexible belt system without the
possibility of a round's slipping out of an open-sided link and yet does not impose the sudden pull on a round which
would otherwise be necessary to withdraw it from a clcsed-link belt - a pull which offers the unpleasant alternatives
of a heavy crimp (with attendant variations in chamber pressure) or a round which may just leave its projectile "sit-
ting there" as the case Is jerked from the belt.
DiMME
Identified as "one of the famous 22mm tank-killing gu=is in a Stormovik" (AIR TECH, Jan.48). Check 23mm ammo.
Approved For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP78-03362AO02500050001-6
~