WEAPONS RED SKY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-03362A002500050002-5
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 19
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 9, 1999
• Sequence Number: 2
• Content Type: REPORT

w Itorovi r Re 2 08/0 : C
V 8
IV& A INI
-0 2 002500050002-5
Rf,D ~~)-K
J\jJ OR r
rRUSSiAJ\I IJ\j]A
A RJ\jJ:~ AND r-,,\-fir r GUN S
1 ~3%~3 J J
BY ROG r? J~jiAF:JrJ
Approved For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP78-03362AO02500050002-5
Copyright 1952 by Roger Marsh, Hudson, Ohio
Z
 Early in 1952 death ended
the career of George Shpag-
hin. In little more than-a
decade he had risen from
relative obscurity to the
status bf chief designer of
infantry arms. Designer of
the famous PPSh-1941 and
redesigner of the D/Sh/K-
1938, his position in the
arms design field is per-
manently assured.
Doctor of technical science,
Hero of Socialist Labor, the
late Major General of Engin-
eer-Artillery Service V.A.Deg-
tyarev is one of the all-time
greats of arms design. Born in
1880, in 1891 he was working
at Tula! He witnessed early
tests of foreign MGs at Oran-
ienbaum, returning to Tula to
work with Fy'odorov on improved
loadings for what was to be
the 1908 cartridge. In 1925
he invented the LMG which be-
came the-DP-1928. He also in-
vented the DK-1938 and the
PTRD-1941, not to mention the
F.V.Tokarev as he looked in 1940 when,
at the age of 70, he was named a Hero
of Socialist Labor and was awarded
the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star
"Sickle and Hammer". Shown here re-
ceiving these honors from Mikhail
Kalinin, Tokarev is best known for
i tol and
s
Hero of Socialist Labor
B.Shavyrin, chief designer
of mortars.
various aircraft and tank
versions of the DP. His
grandfather had lived in
the first half of the Mne-
teenth Century and had
worked on Berdan rifles at
Tula, while his father at
the same plant assembled
the first "three-line"
rifles, so some of the
sources of his ability are
known:
NOW HEAR THIS!
First of all, WEAPONS has a new policy ...no new
sub icriptions will be accepted in the future. If
you are already a subscriber, your subscription
will be honored to the bitter end - but all fu-
ture issues will be available only on individual
sale to individuals who did not subscribe before
the appearance of WEAPONS 2. Also, WEAPONS will
in future be sold by WEAPONS, INC.,Hudson, Ohio.
As with WEAPONS 1, the list of source material for
for WEAPONS 2 is too long to include. However,
special thanks go to those individuals who have
supplied information.(Credits are given in the
text.) In particular,
A.Eagelhardt of Buenos
Aires has supplied much
information and data...
and has corrected the
"typographical errors"
in the Russian portions
of WEAPONS 1.
All photographs,
unless specifi-
cally credited
otherwise, are
from SOVFOTO.
his work on the TT,,330- 3 p
on the Rus%RF&5~v#n3Qa]t 6'@i20W@8/M: CIA-RDPRWYMbAl
Dy Roger
Dow
of the late 1930s and early 40s. Hudson, Ohio
INDEX...
Pistols ......... ...1
Submachine guns..2,3
Rifles and
rifle scopes.4,5,6
Grenades...........
LM,Gs (Degtyarevs )...
Maxims & Goryunov..9
Anti-tank rifles..10
AT rifles and
heavy 1938 MG..ll
Aircraft guns.....12
A/C guns and
designers ...... 13
Ammunition.....14,15
Ammo and
terminology....16
Pyrotechnic
projectors ..... 17
 See page 1, WEAPONS 1. PISTOLS
Approved For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP78-03362AO02500050002-5
Colt Dragoons
1847-1848 period.
Reported used and possibly
manufactured in Russia.
In 1855 large quantities of Colt revolvers
were sold to both Russia and Turkey.
Unique Russian pin-fire
revolver, 6 shot double-ac-
caliber 7mm or 8mm(pin-
tion
,
fire). Marked "CH I NORMANN IN TULA".
Carved grip, metal parts deeply engraved
and gold inlaid. (Courtesy of Major Clair
F.Ogden.)
Galand Revolver.
Reported used by
Russian Navy, pro-
bably after 1870.
6 shot, 9mm.
Smith & Wesson .44 Russian
revolver, made 1870-75. Even
these have been reported from Korea.
Communist logistics problems must be
horrifying.
Below: the Mauser Model 1912/14 military autopistol. This item
has an obscure and confusing history. Reportedly originally
designed for the Russians, it was also set up for sale
for a special version of the 9mm Parabelium
cartridge with boat-tail bullet (DWM 487 C).
Few if. any delivered to either country....
now extremely rare.
Below: the little
"TK" (Tula-Korovin)
autopistol. Caliber
6,35mm Browning or .25
ACP. Pistol is blowback,
5" over all with 2-5/8" bar-
rel, weighs approximately .9 lb
empty. Variously described as a
commercial or pocket pistol and as
a Russian nurses' gun.
"I{opoBxHa" nICTOneT...otp. TH
Newly reported: 11-while serving in Germany, he ob-
served a Russian officer carrying a pistol of Browning
design and clearly not a Tokarev 30...saw the pistol
out of the holster ...'blued, about 9mm caliber..fat
s of black plastic with a star emblem and a stamping
ri
g
p
which seemed to be CCGP. Trigger... resembling that of a Belgian
Browning 9mm H.P.35 and might have been double action.' The Rus-
sian did not speak very good English and was not eager to talk.
He said, however, that the pistol was a 'pattern 481". P.F.Rogers
Present basic Russian service pistol is designated TT-33. The
TT i&Op~Cyv& eb' b ale $e M/bgf tb1A1P4l5Ptby( 362A0025000510002-55 .
Sid Aberman reports a Russian autopisto , c. 9 ,
A batch of Nagant"service"
revolvers in .22 RF was made
about 1935. They were stand-
ard except for caliber.
 See pages 2-3
Qpproved Fc r Release 2001/08/02: CIA--RDP78-0ZZ92AM250005000 IRMACH I NE GUNS -
-
Original Deg-
t arev PPD 34
3K with stan-
IIlI,I( 34/38r %\\\I dard 25-round
box and later
special 71-rd
drum mara7inP_
Leib: pre-woria-war
II Soviet ski trooper
with PPD 34/38. Entirely conventional,
this was a good gun, but the Soviets
never had enough of them.
A Soviet copy
of the-Sten gun,
311" over all with
10" barrel. Weight is
would copy the Sten is a prob-
lem, but it seems that both the
Germans and the Russians tried it.
Below: Shpaghin-designed PPSh 1941
with later 35-round box magazine.
PPSh markings: star in
medallion - Soviet. Hammer
and sickle in circle in a
star whose lower points
straddle a three-bladed
propeller - believed So-
viet. Star within one or
two concentric circles -
North Korean (Pyongyang).
Left: Soviet scout group
(World War II) checking
its equipment before a
raid into Nazi lines.
Opposite page: the Sudaev
1942 and 1943 SMGs. (1)Guards
Lt.Alexander Preminin with a
PPS43. (2)Airborne troops in
a Soviet review. Most have
PPS43s, but man in row fourth
from left has a PPS42. (3)PLA
airborne troops with PPS43s.
The original Sudaev 1942 had
a folding stock which some-
times interfered with ejec-
tion. The redesigned gun(43),
considerably lighter, is a
first-rate SMG. 35-round box
magazine.
Approved For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP78-03362AO02500050002-5
 78-03362AOO25000 M CHINE GUNS - 3
Approved For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP78-03362AO02500050002-5
 See pages 4-5-6, WEAPONS I
Approved For Release 2001/08
RIFLES -
53.2"OA
9.9 -lb
Left:
the 16mm
;some-
Above: the 15.2mm Carle
needle-
times
called 15amm)
fire conversion, M.1868.
Krnka
m.1856/6-9
Con-
It is also listed as the model 1856/67.
version. There was also a bolt-action
"capping breech-loader" with the Della
53.5"OA Noce capping device.
10 lb.
Also called M.1F167.
RIFLE:
53-1/8" OA
Approx. 9 lb.
Berdan I rifle and carbine, caliber
10.66mm, M.1867. Some 20,000 of these
were made by Colt for Russia,1870-72.
The carbine used a shorter and some-
what less powerful cartridge. Section
drawing at right: with the striker
cocked, the breechblock could be flipped
up and forward (like the Allin Spring-
field) for reloading.
Birmingham
531" OA
32.8" bbl.
9-10 lb.
48k" -0A
28.8" bbl.
7.6 lb.
Berdan II rifle (listed as
Model 1872) and Cossack rifle,
Model 1885 , caliber l0.66mm. A
carbine on this system is also reported.
Many of these rifles were made under contract
in Birmingham. Earlier standard rifles are be-
lieved to have been produced at the St. Peter::-
burg arsenals. The Cossack rifles (reportedly
made for Caucasian guards) were manufactured at
Sestroretsk. -Section drawing at right: turning
bolt action.
Although Gunther lists the Berdan II
as Model 1872, Schmidt calls it the
Model 1881.
The Evans rifle, caliber .44,
was another Ame-ri-can gun used
in Russian service, about
2500 of them having been pur-
chased around 1878 (according
to Allen Pennell Wescott in
THE GUN REPORT). The "Old
Model" had -a magazine -capacity
of 34 cartridges, while the
"New Model", which is most easily distinguished from the
old by its added ejection port cover, used a longer car-
tridge which out its ca acit to 26 rounds. The Evans
Approved For Release 2001/089h2l: R~Ri7il3e~3a3fn2AQiG O l(i 6 forming part of the
stock - four columns of cartridges -riding a helical ramp
as the rotor of the magazine revolved:
 RIFLES - 5
This year - 1952 - is officially
the 240th anniversary of the great
armory of Tula.
Actually, however, Tula has a much
longer history than that. First
mentioned in 1147 - believed, how-
ever, to have been then located up
the Tulitsa - it is known to have
been at its present location as
early as 1514. During that year and
the seven following its wooden fort
was replaced with a stone citadel
or "kreml'"(whence "Kremlin" is de-
rived), still standing as recently
as 1930. Tsar Boris Godunov founded
the first Russian gun factory at
Tula in 1595, and an iron factory was
established by a Dutchman, Winius,
in 1632. Peter the 1st caused the
rebuilding and enlargement of the
existing facilities 1705-1714, and
during this period the armory was
"officially" founded. It has ever
since supplied arms to Russian ar-
mies. Such men as Mossin, Fyodorov,
Degtyarev, Tokarev, Berezin and.Kura-
kov have worked at Tula.
Left: one of the exhibits at the Tu-
la armory museum - the first of the
famous three-line Mossin(-Nagant
rifles produced and adopted in 1891.
In the background is a portrait of
Mossin, designer of the rifle's
action.
Immediately below: it has not been
possible to identify satisfactorily
the rifle shown here. Illustrated
and listed by Freemantle(in "The
Book of the Rifle")as a Russian
Nagant Mauser, it may be one of the
rifles tested by the Russians with
the Nagant magazine system. The ac-
tion is clearly not a Mossin.
Right: the most recent Soviet service shoul-
der weapon - the Model 1944 Mossin carbine
with attached folding bayonet - held by the
young soldier being advised by Senior Sgt.
Mitrokhin, holding a PPSh 1941. Compare it
with the original 1891 rifle....the wheel
seems to have come full circle!
The 1944 carbine seems to be coming into
very general use within Soviet and satel-
lite countries. It is encountered all
the way f r y ~t ~t~ f d 1~?jje`nY-`~'f/bhW T bA-R
of the four owe +x
 Approved For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP78-03362AO02500050002-5
Right: silencer for 1891/'30 Mossin-
Nagant rifle. Weight about 1.1 lb.,
length approximately 9*", diameter
approximately 1j". Use with green
"partisan" load(see p.18, WEAPONS 1).
Not illustrated:
Russian Cossack
rifle, Model 1896.
1700 made that
year. Resembles
Model 1891.
Bayonets for the
AVS/AVT rifles are
called "tessak" -
knife bayonet.
"Tokarev"AVS rifles
were encountered in
Korea in theApffifel F
days of the i an
RIFLES - 6
Model 1910 Mossin-
---ro Nagant carbine.
Made at Izhevski arsenal. 40" OA, 20" bbl.
AVS 1938/40 rifles were reported to
have been withdrawn from service be-
03362A~ ~ ?j,&6j~ver-rim magazine Jame,
sensitiveness to cold.
Model 1938 Mossin-
Nagant carbine.
40" OA, 20" bbl.
7 lb 1 oz
Model 1944 Mossin-
Nagant carbine.
40-1/8"OA,20}" bbl.
S lb 10 oz with at-
tached bayonet.
Bayonet: blade approx.12.2".
Carbine Ok with bayonet extended
is approx.52.2". Four flutes,
screw-driver -point.
trap the gases. Silencer must be cleaned and plates
replaced after about 100 shots.
Model 1891/30 "sniper"-rifle
with turned-down bolt handle,
fitted with 4X PE scope sight
in side mount.
).eft: a standard AVS-1940 Simonov-Tokarev rifle
:itted with a 3.5X PU scope sight in a special
rionopost mount. (Note: the semi-automatic rifles
of 1938 and 1940 patterns are sometimes desig-
nated "AVS", which indicates that -they, like the
-t:VS-1936, are probably largelySimonov designs.)
3ielow: the AYT-1940 automatic rifle. Safety is
Firing switch (left - semi-auto...down - safe...
?;urned into cut onright side of stock - full-
fnuto).
For clarification (1) of this AV8-AVT-SVT business, see page Sd.
7 lb 9 oz
Model 24/27 Mossin-
Nagant carbine.
Similar to later
1938.
The 24/27 is believed to
have been designed to use
this-rather odd bayonet,
which, when attached, seems
to provide a front sight
hood.
 see page 7, WEAPONS 1. GRENADES - 7
pprovf?dV -tR8 2?O,'~M?02': tqA-RDP78-03362A002500050002-5
make much use of - grenades,
The variety of grenades of
all types shown here and in
WEAPONS 1 is evidence of So-
viet interest in this class
of ordnance.
Above:
Koveschnikov hand
grenade (reported
by Germans), F-1.
Weight is lb.,
length 4.7", diam.
2.6 . Delay 31-41
seconds.Color: OD.
Right:
F-1 hand grenade,
data similar to above
above.
Danger radius of
these grenades is
approximately 20-
30 yards.
30 yards is "sure-kill" range.
Individual fragments retain
effectiveness for more than
200 yards.
RG-14/30
Stick hand grenade, release-
ignition.Weight with frag-
mentation jacket 2, lb.,
without,2.O5 lb..Length
OA, 9.2", diam. 1.8".
Delay 3-5 seconds.
Chemical hand grenade
KhG. Weight 1.8 lb.,
OA length 9.7", dia-
meter 2.6". Filling,
approximately 1.1 lb. Right:
Above:
Explosive anti-tank grenade,
RPG-41. Weight 2.1 lb., OA
len?th 7.9". Length of body
3.3 , body diameter 3.7",
impact ignition. Color: OD.
Effectiveness: not more than
25mm armor.
Right:
Explosive (hollow-charge)
anti-tank grenade, RPG-43.
OA length 11j", length of
body 3.7", body diameter
3.7'. (Entire body length
including base cone 4.5")
Effectiveness: about 70-
75mm armor max..
R P G
PytlHax 1IpoTI BOTaRRoBa rpaHaaTa
Hand Anti-tank Grenade
chloro icrine (chlor- RGD - stick hand grenade*
picrin). Marked (on Length OA, about 7}", diam.
base): XU1GMCKAH about 2". Weight 1.1 lb with-
out fragmentation jacket, 1.7
and on stick:A
M
O
x
.
?
.
.
lb. with jacket. Color: OD. The
effectiveness of these gren-
ades (RG-14/30 and RGD) is
listed as 30 yards without
jacket, 109 yards with jacket.
Above:
"S" smoke renade.Weight 1.3 lb.,
length OA diameter 2.6".
"S" on cap
R G D
OD
l
.
or:
Co
. (Not shown)RDG-1 smoke grenade, -Pymmn rpaHasa aEOHOBa
1.1-1.2 lb., smoke mixture 1 lb. Hand Grenade Dyakonov*
Gray ish-blaclA d FBP?ILTffsr9'2q01/08/0Z : CIA-R[DP78'b 21k%M%bb50002-5
radius. PyuaaxncOBas rpaHaTa
Hand Smoke Grenade
R G
PaaR rpasaTa
and Grenade
 See pages X4rov%W8F eiease 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP78-03362AO02500050002-5
LMGs - 8
The original_Degtyarev
DT tank machine gun
with aircraft gun bar-
rel.
Early modification of
the Degtyarev DT gun.
This type was common
during World War II,
and with attached bi--
pod and
front
sight
Right: detail
sketches which
show the means
of attaching
the bipod and
special front sight to con
vert the DT (_DTM) into an
infantry gun, also a variant
type of magazine latch.
it served-as a ground
gun.
The most recent modifi-
cation, the DTM, with
recoil spring relocated
in a tube at the rear of the
receiver. This made necessary
inversion of the stock latch and
a redesign of the stock arms.
The original Degtyarev DP infantry gun
with recoil spring in tube below barrel.
In spite of quick-change barrel, spring
tended to overheat and lose strength.
The modernized Degtyarev DPM infantry
gun with recoil spring in tube at rear
of receiver. The firing pin of the ear-
lier DPgun is replaced in the DPM by
one having a long tail eztendtng back
to engage the recoil spring.
Right: the little-known and thoroughly un-
publicised belt-fed version of the DPM. Known
as the Model 1-946 Company gun, this seems to
be a DPM gun with the standard
pan feed which can be replaced
with a special belt-feeding
mechanism, here shown attached.
Pan holds 47 rounds, the feed
mech uses 50-round belts, pro-
bably metallic.
Approved For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP78-03362AO02500050002-5
 Note: no attefiarove
has been madec
cover the Gat-
ling (Gorloff)
gun in this
issue. This
subject will
be dealt
with in a
later
issue.
made the gunner an
attractive target
for snipers, and
they must also
have attracted
fire from Jap-
anese artillery.
Photographs of
Maxims lost to the
Japanese during the
Yalu River fighting (Russo-Japanese war) indi-
that many must have been smashed by artillery
"counter-battery" fire.
A World War I
Sokolov mount with
attached elevating
legs. Useful as this
must have been in the
area of General Mud,
there is no infor-
mation available at
present to indicate
that this system was
used after the Revo-
lution. Note that
this mount carries
the belt guide wheel,
also abandoned later.
Right: early Russian Maxims were
mounted on high wheeled artillery-
type carriages with large shields,
on the backs of which were hung
extra ammunition boxes. These
high mounts must have
7.62mm cTaHxoBHft nyJleMEsT
7.62mm medium (mounted)machine gun
06p. 1943 r"PoplDHO Ba"
Model 1943 (year) Goryunov
Gas-operated, air-cooled, belt-
fed (250-round fabric belt, 50-
round metallic belt). OA length
approx. 46". weight of gun ap-
proximately 30-31 lb., weight
with tripod approx. 90 lb..
The cyclic rate of this gun is
listed anywhere from a moderate
600-700 RPM to as high as 1100
or 1200 RPM. (It is not a dual-
rate gun like the Obr.1939g?)
The wheeled mount, a modernized
Sokolov type, is dual-purpose: it
can be used in the conventional way,
with or without shield, with the gun
get in a recoil-absorbing harness meth,
The aoryunov locks by tilting the base
of its bolt into a recess in the right
side of the receiver.
or - with shield - the entire mount can be up-
ended and the gun set in a clevis in the end of
the trail for AA fire, the mount then standing on
its wheels and the top of the shield.
Quick-change barrel: lift the top cover of the
gun, disengage the barrel lock (1) and
pull the barrel straight forward.
Operation: introduce belt from right,
pull cocking handle (2) all the way
back and push it forward. Gun is ready
to fire.
The Goryunov is now almost ten years old. It
was used in World War II - extensively. And yet,
Left: a .22
training at-
tachment for
the 1910 Maxim.
This is a straight
blowback device with
a "cog-wheel" compartmented.
ing in the left side of the
receiver.
when the Korean Incident began, the Goryunov came as a
complete and terrible surprise, according to the newspapers.
One wonders how such things can happen. We can't afford many more
"surprises".
Relea?ee~00112 1/q2o_ filA1RDPWJ4621A00 &90v02jt d 60RYUNOV
attachment for the
Thompson SMG.
Clamped to the gun
as shown, it had an
extension trigger
which engaged with
the firing mechanism
of the main gun. The
Russians use this and
"cutaway" Maxims for
initial training.
Approved For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP78-03362AO02500050002-5
 See pagesAppro 7 1 99f Milah 2001/08/02: CIA-RDP78-03362A00 1110hQ011kNK R I FLES - 10
The Russians have gone farther than has almost any
other nation in the field of the highly portable,
extremely powerful one-man shoulder-
fired anti-tank gun.
The first Russian entry into this
field was made with a mediocre 12.7mm
bolt-action rifle patterned after the
German World War I "T"gun. The five-
shot bolt-action repeater shown was
75"OA, weighed 40-3/4 lb without bi-
od, 43 lb with it. Barrel was 451".
~A single-shot version was also made:
length OA was 70*", barrel 39.37".
Weight without bipod,36J lb, with
bipod 38-3/4 lb.) It delivered an 800-
grain projectile at 2,820 f/s MV. It
was regarded as ineffective and was
abandoned about 1939.
An American soldier with a captured PTRS
1941 demonstrates how not to fire the piece.
The weapons have some little recoil, and un-
less you happen to have an unnatural appe-
tite for your own knuckles it's best to put
that "off" hand under the stock near the
base.
It may even be a good idea to fire the gun
left-handed, since this will enable you to
reach the operating handle without changing
position and will also simplify reloading.
These PTR-class weapons are extraordinarily
effective even at long ranges on light and
medium armored vehicles.
A World War II Russian
anti-tank position in
a trench during the Orel
offensive. Lt. Panfilov,
at left,holds a captured
German MP38 (note the
ribbed receiver). At the
right is anti-tank rifle-
man Ermilin with a PTRD-
1941, The padded butt,
telescoping stock and un-
locking cam system are
clearly visible in this
view.
Actually, the PTRD -
very possibly one of the
last weapons designed by
the great Degtyarev - is
a much more ingenious and
resting weapon than
PTRS, which is little
more than a scaled-up
"Tokarev" rifle.
 "AK" 12.7uu cTanxoBuid nyJfeM6T o6p. 1938r
Top left to bottom right:
(DK 12.7 heavy MG, Model 1938)
CTaHoR o6p. 1938r
(Mount, model 1938)
7.62MM cTaxxoBRff nyaeM6T o6p.1910r"Maxcn&a"
(7.62mm medium MG, Maxim model 1910)
14.5wM nPOTxsoraaaosoe pysb6 cxcTeMH
AerTHp5Ba o6p. 1941r-IITPA
(14.5mm Degtyarev AT rifle)
7.62uu ,AerTxpBBa nexoTm
o6p. 1928r.
(Degtyarev LMG, 1928)
7.7MM sMHToBxa /Hnoa-
(7 7 .7/Jap rifle)
7.62MM xapa6gu
o6p. 1938r.
(1938) Carbine)
pageapi o ct -o~7ReNWePHO~108/02 : CIA- J4AA&A -M0A?AX2Y51938 MG - 11
This
picture
of North
Korean guns
captured in
the first stages
of the Korean Inci-
dent shows the early
version of the 1938
heavy MG (DK, with um-
brella type muzzle brake).
Also shown is a "trapdoor
Maxim" and beside it the PTRD
1941 AT rifle with four rounds of
ammunition(and the ammo bag) in
front of it.
The "trapdoor Maxim",although basically
a 1910 model, is of a modified type pro-
duced around 1945. All of these guns,
except the Japanese rifle (and perhaps
the PPShl941 which could have been made
at Pyongyang), are Russian made.
HM 1941
PPSh41
OPASTh NT OF DEFENSE
The Model 1938 heavy machine gun is basically
a Degtyarev design, the older type being des-
ignated "DK". When the arm was redesigned by
the late Shpaghin, it was redesignated D/Sh/K.
Chief external difference: a more compact muz-
zle brake on the D/Sh/K.
"A W 12.7MM cTasxosxA nyaem8T o6p. 1938r . D/Sh/K 12.7mm heavy machine
gun, Model 1938. This is a modernized version of the original Degtya. This gun was cap-
rev DK shown in the picture above. This view with the gun cocked and tured near Chunju
the feed mechanism cover lifted shows the feed crank engaging a lug on in the early days
the actuating slide in its rearward position. Note also the compart- of the Korean In-
mented feed rotor and the belt ejection guide. cident.
The BA-84 e Approved For Release 2001/08/02 :aCiA'-RDP78r03362A0h0250005000was ^mis~ssemble4^ In transit here.
 Right: flexible (with spade grip) and
fixed versions of the SchKASS ai-r-
cr-aft gun.
Flexible gun: Model 1936. Weight
23.2 lb., length OA 37.8",barrel
length 23.8". (Longer barrels
have been reported.) Belt: dis-
integrating metal-link type.
Fixed gun: weight 24 lb.,
length OA 34s", barrel length
27". Belt: as above.
(Note: the Model 1935 SchKASS,
known from German reports, is __I
believed to be a prototype.)
Cyclic rate: reported-to be
around 1800 -RPM.
All models ofSChKASS
are gas-operated and
air-cooled.
The 12.7mm SchVAK is a
scaled up version of the
SchKASS? Rimmed ammo.
The 20mm
SchVAK gun.
Gas operated,
belt fed, air
cooled. Basic
weight listed from 90-1b to
125 lb basic length OA from
66 to 67 inches...take your
pick.Cyclic
rate is be-
ll-eyed to be
about 800 RPM.
Basically a scaled-u version
of the SchKASS 1935/6,
The 2(hmm SchVAK is also
reported as a tank gun on
some versions of the T-40
and T-60 tanks. It is,
however, ?M ik rjCR ?~ ?9g1~8/02 : CIA!
craft Egn,
being minor at best.
MIW
77
lions of the original BS air-
craft gun (top, in mountin
harness)and thelater UB (or
VB) gun - with and without
charging mechanism. Caliber
12.7mm rimless. Length OA, about 52-53".
Basic weight, 55-60 lb.. Belt fed. Gas.
operated,-air cool-ed. Cyclic rate
variously reported to be
AIKRKAtJ GUNS - 12
Original Degtyarev
2'5 DA aircraft gun.
from 700 to 900 RPM as a
free-firing gun. A re-
ported synchronized ver-
sion is believed to have
a deliverablerate of
about 650-700, perhaps
slightly less.
Above: basic SchVAK 20mm.
Left: barrel setup of
SchVAK 20mm flexible gun.
Below: 20mm SchVAK motor
cannon as used in the
various "P"(Pushka) -
cannon engines.
(A short-barreled SchVAK is
believed to exist.)
Length OA (including
muzzle brake) 39.2"
Barrel, 23.8".Weight
16 lb. Drum capac-
ity, 6-0-rounds. Cy-
clic, 550 RPM.
Later Degtyarev DA
aircraft gun.
Length OA 39". Bar-
rel, 23.8". Weight,
stripped, about 16-
17 lb. Weight, com-
plete with fittings,
25-26 lb. Drum ca-
pacity, 60 rounds.
Cyclic, 550 RPM.
 ..r
baM* 0
0 40 4a
tO ?'r ,t:7
a) (D U)+' U)
M I a)
'd ()
10 40
U)
td q 4?+
ld a)4)
N N td a)
v- ed 4a
U) , U
q q q
ts 0 a) -4
g 14&)04) 00
ooa)q?P4 A+
q td p o,
H a1 0 V)
U.to ? 14+& M
Mb td U)
d co a) a)
NgNM.q
0 tO a) q4.
M 140'd ?.r
s .. 0337 0~2500t50f6ds2?.,r
N 4r rr
$ 1C cd
a) td +1 U
a) N
id td d ~+
0 0a
Ps
~ p cb O
00 U
N U)
a)a)q N
0
?
a) ~d
ts
O 4+ i&
P CO
14 .?t ?N C a)
MU N ? N
a) d ? 0 .s7
4 aP. +&
a U 14 1
a)??p 1
R N a)
00 tdd 4+U)
to ++ +~ ~ q d
a)44 M(d Ma)
N 0 ...c 04
p N N .~?N
+& d a) U)
0NO+& Ulp
?N?N+.,L8 cd O
~N U CL
~o ~? a ed M
C\..rpa~ tnp
.r .r t8 N
ca 0
w +a a)
?., rh q q m 14
H co o7 6 '5 M
13
4J
co~aM
?w o
H U)141
Mlq
O p
? +? 111 M
a~7~M14
4r 0 0
1440
14 - td
0 q 1
a ?.t r
o +&
b~ P+q
q I~td
CO 0A
0(d0
t td
a) O
.mot U) 14 U)
ca to
0
o p / ?d
1 a) a)
N P 14 q
M.N a) Mp
td MrM O
O 0) C~,
w Uj r??i a) tO
a) H U) '0 a)
4& 004 Pa
cd ++ c8 'd
$4 0 .p r q
NHKre p
p,0 0) q 0
0 rn S -m N
1 0 SO td
U) 0) U) ?.+ 1
td ?.a $4 M 0 0 .r
UA td
C) r&
Mcdoa)q
k ?.) M it
qp 0 d $
00.44) 140
1.4 P.
q
U 0.0
E 0 .4
a'+
d0 I
I?.t0q I
U) (a
Cam-' 44)) -U
. M .-t
q .r p o
td ? a) 4?a
P.P- td
v) 0)
a)a)mg0
H NM a) a)
rr N
to co
0 .C 'd R, M
Nq td
4-i m co a)
0 1 N O
P. td
.-t 4.
4. ,.d td td .r
d N ?a ?.t
?.+ 0 N td td
Ndy O'd4r
P .0+&s
. U td
td N U) (6 +0
Na) 1.4tO
P,14 ,q a)'d
.0 (8 0
q ?+&
1..r ?0
U) ca
O 0 in" 14
0mooga)
Mc P-4
{a OD Pi a)
0 4)
4a 0 edtd 0W\.0
0 rr 4&
y td~
C') ? U) o a)
.?N ?H
MU) td td-?
M.+ 004 P
a) ?1& N M N r+
Haa,s?U
 Some pages 18-19
u'5A For,
1108/02: CIA-R -03362 00250005000 MO - 14
- 510-
CORK BAS! rtun
Carld (et fils) 1867
Bullet length approx..950"
3e
.303-
k-J/0 Ir-.390-
.44 S&W 7.62cnm Tokarev auto-
9m i57and Russian Pistol. (See WEAPONS 1)
.$3f-~
1~--.6+0 -- .635 -.I
Moss in-Nagant
chargers.
Above...
Left: .44 Evans New Model
276-grain bullet with
43 grains of powder.
300--grain bullet with
40 grains of powder.
Right: .44 Evans Old Model
220-grain bullet with
33 grains of powder.
Above...
Left: original 7.62mm
Mossin cartridge. 201-
gr.bullet, 2034 f/s.
Right: 7.62mm Mossin car-
tridge, Model 1908. (See
WEAPONS 1 for loads.)
Berdan fl (188! -i1872~)... ~~ - - Left: SchKASS
Left:-Rifle 370 gr.bullet 77 gr. powder . belt links.
Carbin-- e __ 370 ..r- bul
Right
_ ___.,__
:
let 60
~"_-ZA I I L
Cartridge weight 61o
about 832 grains
I $IZ -')
.
Folded brass case
in base cup.
.3oy
.329
.375-
Approved For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP78-03362AO02500050002-5
 Approved For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP78-03362A002500050002-AMMO 15
.-~-, E L T ON
1275 -.I k. NOSE
MOD
' I .937
~~-
ALUHINUM Z
}BLACK
BLACK NOSE
HE pro-
jectile.
.7a Above:
Special
12.7mm
(rimless)
k--.816_
/---6-56-A
--.853H
Above: the rim-
less 12.7mm car-
tridge used in
the DK, D/Sh/K,
BS and IIB guns.
Left: the big
23mm cartridge
for the V-Ia
aircraft gun.
Originally, it
seems, there
was only one
load (the AP/I
described in
WEAPONS 1) for
the gun, which
I~i110 was strictly an
1 armor-buster. Now
~~--
Imo---- .36 ~I
they've put out
the HE/T load at
the left. 23mm
muzzle velocities
are around 2900-
3000 f/s.
Above: 20mm
SchVAK shell
case for in-
termediate-
caliber air-
craft gun
(See p.12)
Left : 14.5
mm AT rifle
cartridge.
Used in the
PTRS-PTRD
1941 AT
rifles.
Approved For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP78-03362AO02500050002-5
 roved For Release 2001/08/02: CIA'R17P7$-036A00R00500g2-5 11Y Page 16
Ammunition no
Cartridge case lengths of ammunition listed in WEAPONS 1, pages 18-19. Of course, some guns
(-Overall lengths of complete round are given in parentheses)-. Overall have been omitted. The
lengths of all complete 7.62mm rifle and MG r-oun(Ls is 76.5mm EXCEPT Russians, for example,
F, which is 58.5mm OA. A: 24.8mm(34.6mm). B-C224.8mm (see A). had limited stocks of
D: 38.7mm. E: 53mm. F-H incl.: 533.5mm. Q/Q', It/R S/S', Si/Si': early Madsen machine-
108mm (147mm). T-U: 113.8mm(155mm). X: 150.5mm (239mm)? rifles acquired about
the time of the Russo-
Projectile lengths....A-B: 14.3mm. D: 16.5mm. E':1-lmm. G-G': 28.5mm. Japanese War. When
B:: 38mm? I: 33.3mm. J: 36.5mm (core 30mm). K: 40mm. L:37mm. they took over the Bal-
M: 40.4mm. N: 30.6mm. 0: 39mm. Q/Q',R/R',S/S',al/S1': 63.5mm. tic States they got
T: 50.4mm. u:66mm. X:106.5mm (core 59.7mm)? supplies of Pattern 14
(British) rifles in
The HE point-detonating superquick fuzed 20mm SchVAK round is listed .303, Vickers-Berthier
as"OZT", indicating that in addition to the ab,)ve it is a tracer. LMGs in .303 in 7_.and Czech
.
Some useful ammunition terms.... Brno 1126s In Poland they acquired
heavy Browning M30s in
llogpuB - blasting, blowing up 7.92mm, also Browning
Ilo.puBHOlk sapiA - explosive charge machine rifles and
CicxozO1iHEi B3punaTenb -- point-detonating fuze, superquick fuze Bergmann M15 LMGs in
this caliber. Among
Ilopox - powder other Russian non-
Ees Hr3ft nopox - smokeless powder standard guns we can
r3 pHH41 nopox - black powder also find the old Colt
DZCTOB - percussion cap, primer "pots-to-di-gger" and
the Lewis, both in
Corrections of misspellings in WEAPONS 1 - 7 62mm.
}[eRb, xpaoHax Megb - copper (inside front cover).
LerTaipeBa - Degtyarev (page 2) Similarly, the Russians
XoJIoCT02 na,rpoH - blank -cartridge (page 19) acquired stocks of all
B oHe6otHaai nyAR - armor-piercing bullet (page 1S) kinds of German (and
]regarding bayonets... German-allied)-equip-
III~g - ordinary bayonet (as on Mossins) ment, most of which
fl!THR-TeoaE - sword bayonet (1936-38.40 rifles) was, naturally, in
Concerning rifles.... caliber 7.92mm for
ABTOMaTxnecISaa BxHTOBRa - automatic -rifle (AV)... rifles and MGs and cal-
(;aMo3aptga.HCfi BRHTOBHa - semiautomatic rifle (S'')..Thus the 1936 ibex 9mm Parabellam
rifle is -calledAVS (for Simonov), the 1938 rifle SVT (Tokarev).. for pistols and SYG5.
but not, alas, invariably: While the reception
given most of this stuff
Concerning aircraft guns.... was little more than
1xponxaxpoBanHH:ft nyxeMeT - C - Synchronized gun F;s) The initial, given luke-warm, the -Russians
anbesoA nyueMeT K - Wing gun (k) with the serial #,
fell whole-heaatedly in
enbHBi nyueueT - T - Turret or tourelle gun (t] indicates the gunb b love with the superb
position on the Schmeisser machine-
1IoABa>&Hoit nyieueT - flexible gun aircraft. pistols(MP38 and MP40)..
lienoABHO nyxeMeT - fixed gun Photographs taken
during and since the
Aexanynnca - aircraft cannon war indicate that these
ABxanyneM@T aBxaRxOHHH~t nyJreMOT - aircraft machine gun weapons were and are
widely used. These
IMKAC - SchKASS SMGs Influenced Rus-
sian arms design, too:
Anotherpoint to be noted: when a Russian small arm is given a model the-Sudaev 1942/43
number according to the year of its adoption, tl.e year numerals will owes a measure of its
basic design concepts
'be followed, normally, by a lower-case Russian "g" (r), which stands to the MP 40.
for "year"` (ron ).
A.Engelhardt writes:"Are you sure that the various pre-1914 models had However, it must be
the stock pierced for -a sling swivel - I...thinl: this came in only pointed out that these
of-ter 1915 or even later. The fine Russian carbine labelled "Pre- guns were in the main
World-War-I Russian Carbine"...was used by machine-gunners of the quite common and wide-
infantry regiments and, according to some information, also by ly known, that they
artillerymen. // The Dragoon rifle also had -+.n arrangement -to were in most casesnot
carry triangular bayonet on the rifle, with the point backwards along actual Russian -weapons
-the stock;,-so as not to impede the men riding horseback. // -Did and that so much in-
you know...that after 1920 the Russians ordered from the GECO company formation is available
in Berlin a lot of Russian army rifles with hea-ry target barrels? elsewhere on them that
These were made at very convenient prices, the,l;ompany hoping to get it was not thought im-
a repeat order. The guns were very well made --I've seen one. When perative to include them
no repeat orders came,-the Co.investigated, found that the Russians them here. The old,
liked them very much and had proceeded to manufacture them themselves.' the rare and the unique
-- Did you know the Russian M.1891 would fire t,) a different point of have been included. For
impact if you took the bayonet off? That's the :'reason for the Russian the rest.... well, I had
team in the Stockholm Olympics (1912) firing with bayonets fixed. They to stop some time:
came out last. "
WEAPONS 1, p r:pyef goSAMearro 'KQ$102gtc#"DW&?3S6RAM2WOBS>o002-5
34/38 - it was also Degtyarev-designed. De tyarev or Degtyarov? -
take your pick: it's about halfway between;l
 Approved For Release 2001/08/02 :R17eC-I T8 93361Ac025U0 Q0'I C TORS - 17
ght: a fairly crude
-rotechnic pistol used
i Communist service*
slow: a Russian pyro-
echnic projector or
lace pistol. This device
s 9-3/4" over all with a 5-15/16"
barrel. It is about caliber 25mm.
The metal parts are blued. The arm is
intended to fire ammunition of the type shown.
The ammunition is packed in a metal box
which is marked, in white paint:
PARETHI4L A
%
mV KED )
TOP WAD 30"E EN TOP .
TWo 8o$sES ONE BOSS /
/,O
PAIETHMA - paxeTHxga - raketnitsa -(rock-
et projector) pyrotechnic projector.
PAI{ETA - paxeTa - (rocket or) flare, pyro-
technic signal.
PAHETHIA IIUICTCIIIET - paxeTHHA nHCTOJieT - pyro-
technic pistol.
L;T
QCBeTlTe.IbHaJi paxeTa - illuminating or star
flare or pyrotechnic.
CxrHaJIHaJI paxeTa - signal flare.
aeJIfinz / 3eJI Haft - green
HpacHHR / Rpacuarr r ed
Information on this projector and on its
ammunition was supplied by Terry W.Brown,
311-36th N.W., Canton 9, Ohio.
It is reported that some special ammuni-
tion for Russian flare pistols contains
I 14 proved For Release 2001/08/02b q
At.bu kshot would be
with a flare.
haf14%01MWJ0R-~ped