PHASE II FINAL REPORT VOLUME VI DOCUMENT DELIVERY SYSTEM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 224
• Document Creation Date: November 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 10, 2000
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: March 1, 1965
• Content Type: REPORT

Approved For Release 2000/04/14
PROJECT
HIVE
CIA-RDP78-03952A0001
SECRET
PHASE II FINAL REPORT
Volume VI
DIRECTORATE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
OFFICE OF COMPUTER SERVICES
1
rROilf, I
Utt,;,,,d4f:iir.,, 7,:ortlato:
SECRET
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WARNING
This material contains information affecting
the National Defense of the United States
within the meaning of the espionage laws,
Title 18, USC, Secs. 793 and 794, the trans-
mission or revelation of which in any manner
to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
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Phase II Final Report /
Volume VI
DOCUMENT DELIVERY SYSTEM
CHIVE/R-3-65
I March 1965
-;;;-ORIO COMP OP1 TYPE CI,
=___. REV DATE(' BY
ORIG L PAGES a%:2? REY CLASS
JUST NEXT REV OCON. MIMI NB 704
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
6.1.
Scope of Volume
1
6.2.
System Description and Recommendation
3
6.2.1.
Definition of the Document
Delivery System
3
6.2.2.
Recommendations
6
6.2.3.
Document Input Flow
12
6.3.
Description of Other Candidate Systems
25
6.3.1.
Manual Systems
25
6.3.2.
Semi-Automatic Systems
28
6.3.3.
Automatic Systems
32
6.4.
Rationale for Recommendation
37
6.4.1.
Selection Process
37
6.4.2.
Quantitative Comparison of
Remaining Candidates
55
6.4.3.
Operational Implications of
Remaining Candidates
57
6.4.4.
Recommendation Summary
69
6.5.
Document Storage Requirements
71
6.5.1.
Levels of Storage Required
71
6.5.2.
File Maintenance
73
6.5.3.
File Organization
76
6.5.4,
File Backup Capability
80
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6.5.5. Reliability Requirements 83
6.5.6. Summary of Performance
Requirements 83
6.6. Comparative Analysis of Candidate
Document Delivery Systems 87
6.6.1. Candidate Systems 88
6.6.2. Methodology and Assumptions 92
6.6.3. File Characteristics 97
6.6.4. Results 99
6.A. Computer Simulation of Candidate
Document Delivery Systems 131
6.A.1. Basic Model Descriptions 133
6.A.2. Transaction Volume 135
6.A.3. Scaling 135
6.A.4. Timing Conventions 136
6.A.5. Page Distribution Function 137
6.A.6. Simplifying Assumptions 138
6.A.7. Scope of Simulation 141
6.A.8. System Descriptions 142
6.B. Comparative Analysis of the Packed
Microfiche and the Filmsort 2000dx
Aperture Card System 183
6.B.1. Microfiche (packed, with
Xerox Printer) 184
6.B.2. Filmsort 2000dx (with
Quadrant Printer) 203
6.C. Narrative Report on the Hard Copy
Quality Test 221
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TABLES
p7cQiitIgigA001.6
6-1 Input Processing - Functional
Comparison
Page
62
6-2 Comparative Summary of File
Organizations 78
6-3 Summary of Volumes and Response Time
Requirements 85
6-4 Ranking of Candidate Systems by
Operating Cost 50-51
6-5 Ranking of Candidate Systems by
Manpower Levels 44-45
6-6 Ranking of Candidate Systems by
Floor Space 40-41
6-7 Simulation Results - Initial System 109
6-8 Summary of Simulation Results -
Initial System 110
6-9 Summary of Simulation Results -
Total System 111
112
114-115
6-10 Summary of Simulation Results -
Total System
6-11 The Simulated Systems vs. the CHIVE
Output Performance Specifications
6-12 Characteristics of Hard Copy Output
6-13 Total Number of Physically Separate
Records stored in Final System
mow 6-14 Estimate of Relative Ranking of
Ease of File Purging
6-15 Sensitivity of System Performance
to LOSS of Critical Output Units 129
118-119
123
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TABLES (cont'd)
CONFRUAIn
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6.A-1 Initial Systems Simulations
Transit Times - Counter Requests 175
6.A-2 Initial System Simulations
Transit Times - Burst Mode Counter
Requests 176
6.A-3 Initial Systems Simulations
Transit Times - Query Requests 177
6.A-4 Initial Systems Simulation
TranSit Times - Priority Query
Requests 178
6.A-5 Simulation of Final Systems
Transit Times - Counter Requests 179
6.A-6 Situlation of Final Systems
Transit Times - Burst Mode Counter
Requests 180
6.A-7 Simulation of Final Systems
Transit Times - Query Requests 181
6.A-8 Simulation of Final Systems
Transit Times - Priority Query
Requests 182
6.B-1 Space Requirements for Microfiche
(Packed, with Xerox Printer)
6.B-2 Space Requirements for Filmsort
2000dx (with Quadrant)
202
220
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FIGURES
7
6-1 Document Input Flow - Packed
Microfiche System
EfqrA60001-6
6-2 Document Input Flow - Filmsort 2000dx
(35mm Aperture Card System
6-3 Annual Operating Costs of the
Candidate Systems
6-4 Simulation Results -
6-5 Simulation Results
Initial System
- Total System
Page
13, 17
19, 23
100-103
106
107
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Chapter 6.1.
SCOPE OF VOLUME
This volume, dealing with the Document Delivery
system, represents somewhat of a departure from the
expository nature of the balance of the report. In
this volume more emphasis is placed on rationale with
an effort to weigh alternative solutions and to explore
the tradeoffs involved. Various systems have been
described and analyzed for their adherence to established
specifications. A recommendation consisting of two
alternative system solutions has been submitted for
management evaluation.
The different approach taken in this volume is
due primarily to the nature of the problem under study.
The document storage and retrieval problem is a well
defined, largely independent part of the CHIVE system.
The function to be performed by the system is straight-
forward and cleqrly, defined. It involves essentially a
large document storage system with a capability for high
volume demand printing. As such, it is a problem
susceptible to conventional equipment and techniques.
SCOPE OF VOLUME
6.1.
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The study, therefore, dealt in an environment where
detailed analysis was warranted and direct comparison
of competitive solutions was possible.
Chapter 6.2. briefly outlines the Document Delivery
requirements, and a brief description is given of the
two systems recommended as most suitable for meeting these
requirements.
Chapter 6.3. consists of a description of the other
system configurations evaluated during the selection
process,
Chapter 6.4. contains the rationale used in arriving
at the dual recommendation. An extensive discussion of the
operational implications associated with each of the two
most favorable condidates is presented as a basis for
final management decision.
Chapter 6.5. summarizes the CHIVE document storage
requirements which were used as a basis for evaluation of
the candidate systems.
In Chapter 6.6., the comparative analysis process,
itself is described and the findings are reported.
SCOPE OF VOLUME
6.1.
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Chapter 6.2.
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION AND RECOMMENDATION
6.2.1. DEFINITION OF THE DOCUMENT DELIVERY SYSTEM
The Document Delivery System may be generally
defined as that segment of the total CHIVE system which
deals with the input, storage, and recovery of identified
documents. It is self-contained in the sense that it will
not be electronically interconnected with the computer-
based indexing system.* The system will have repository
*The decision to decouple the document delivery system
from the computer-based index system was made early in
the study for the following reasons:
(a) It was deemed necessary to provide for some
human filter between the computer search results
and the actual document retrieval. Some mechanism
by which the user may screen the computer selections
should be provided in order to weed out non-pertinent
or previously held items prior to actual document
reproduction.
(b) Previous experience has indicated that, where
depth indexing has been employed, attempts to
intercouple the index and the document store have
produced unsatisfactory results. Acknowledgement
of this is reflected in the fact that current
equipment design is directed towards independently
operated document systems with the exception of
Filesearch and MIRACODE, both of which have a
limited index search capability.
DESCRIPTION AND RECOMMENDATION
Definition of System
6.2.1.
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responsibility for textual documents only, with maps and
graphics retained elsewhere. The input will primarily
be hard copy documents from a variety of sources and will
range from poor to high quality printing. The documents
are to be locatable by some identification number such
that the file can be interrogated directly by the user
(Counter Service Requests) or indirectly through a search
of the computer index (Query Requests). In response to
either type of request, the system must furnish a usable
replica copy of the document master which is not to be
circulated outside the file.
In addition to servicing retrospective searches,
the subsystem must provide a file backup capability. One
duplicate file is to be furnished to the Record Center for
backup and reconstruction purposes. In accordance with an
existing inter-agency agreement, duplicate copies of
selected items are currently furnished the National Security
Agency. It has been assumed that this service will continue
to be provided, although the agreement is renegotiable. A
simplifying assumption has been made for purposes of this
study, that a duplicate backup file for all documents would
be required. The requirements for selectively providing
for Vital Materials storage as well as some archival
DESCRIPTION AND RECOMMENDATION
Definition of System
6.2.1.
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retention is recognized but is not distinguished herein
from the Record Center Backup file requirement.
The subsystem corpus has the potential of growing
to an extremely large size over a period of time. The
magnitude of the system is defined within this volume
at two points on the projected growth curve referred
to as:
- Initial System
- Input--100,000 documents/year
- Request rate--500 requests/day
Total System
- Input-1,000,000 documents/year
- Request rate--5,000 requests/day
A maximum repository volume of 10,000,000 documents has
been assumed as a long range design goal. Although the
specific hardware to be used does not necessarily have
to be identical throughout, some upward compatibility
must be demonstrated to allow for transitional growth
from the Initial to the Total System.
A more complete description of the functional and
performance specifications of the Document Delivery
subsystem has been included in Appendix 5.E. and a
summary of activity volumes and response times is included
in Section 6.5.6.
DESCRIPTION AND RECOMMENDATION
Definition of System
6.2.1.
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6.2.2. RECOMMENDATIONS
The two systems which were found to be most favorable
from the standpoint of economics and performance were the
Nicked Microfiche and the Filmsort 2000dx Aperture Card
systems. Both of these systems as originally configured
scored highly on all major criteria (Section 6.6.). When
reconfigured to include processing equipment announced
subsequent to the first analytical pass, the upgraded
versions compared even more favorably. The revised config-
urations provide procedural and cost improvements over the
original systems and as such are posulated here as the
two most suitable for implementation. The systems are
generally described as follows.
Packed Microfiche: Microfiche are sheet microfilm
records considered here as conforming to a 105mm x 148mm
(4 in. x 6 in.) standard which can contain up to 60 letter-
size page images. Document images are recorded on 105mm
roll microfilm by means of a 'step-and-repeat' camera
which automatically places consecutive exposures in a
matrix format (6 x 12) with the upper row reserved
recording eye-visible identification information.
Documents are allocated on the microfiche such that
(a) multiple items may be recorded on each microfiche,
for
DESCRIPTION AND RECOMMENDATION
Recommendations
6.2.2.
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(b) each new item would begin a new row with an eye-visible
identification number in the left-most column, and (c) no
item containing less than 60 pages shall 'spill over' onto
a second microfiche. The original silver shall be
duplicated onto diazo roll film for backup file purposes.
Cut diazo microfiche will be filed in motorized files in
the sequence recorded. On demand, selected microfiche are
enlarged to hard copy by means of a Xerox Automatic
Microfiche Printer.
Filmsort 2000dx: This system utilizes 35mm aperture
cards as its basic storage media. With the introduction
of the 3M Filmsort 2000dx camera, a fully processed
aperture card containing up to eight page images can be
produced. Backup records are created from the original
by means of a Copy-Reproducer. File copies are stored
in motorized card files in Document Control Number
sequence. Selected items are pulled from the file and
hard copy is produced on the 3M Quadrant Printer.
It is recognized that the two systems recommended
are manual systems similar to those currently installed
within the Agency (i.e., Intellofax Reference System
and SR Library). The question naturally arises what
advantages are offered by the microfiche or 35mm aperture
DESCRIPTION AND RECOMMENDATION
Recommendations
6.2.2. ??
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card over the existing 16mm aperture card systems
currently employed. It should be pointed out that the study
did not attempt to evaluate the efficiency of the existing
microfilm systems within the Agency. It was assumed that
these systems, which have been operational for a number
of years, do an effective job in meeting the current
requirements. The requirements, upon which the comparison
of the candidate systems was based, represented a
theoretical, centralized system required to accommodate
a volume equal to the combined volumes of the document
components now in,operation. This central, all source,
system must meet processing demands far in excess of
those being met by any of the systems today. Furthermore,
the turnaround time requirements, both for input and
retrieval, were somewhat more stringent for the
'benchmark' system than for the operational systems.
The configuration specified for the 16mm aperture
card system for purposes of comparison varied somewhat
from the current systems not only in magnitude but also
in technique. Some of the variances introduced were:
- The use of automatic rotary files instead of
file drawer cabinets was specified.
DESCRIPTION AND RECOMMENDATION
Recommendations
6.2.2.
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- The use of a localized copy station at each file,
to produce an intermediate, 'throwaway' aperture
card for further processing at a centralized
enlargement station was postulated.
- A random rather than a batch mode of retrieval
processing was imposed, thus eliminating the
need to sort aperture cards prior to refiling.
- Punching indicative information into the aperture
cards was accomplished by a straightforward key
punch and reproduce process instead of the more
sophisticated approach of generating the
appropriate punched data through a computer (as
in Intellofax).
- Not all exception procedures (such as rework,
single copy items and poor copy quality items)
were considered in the "benchmark' system.
- Requirements currently fulfilled by the DARE
system (i.e., Source Card preparation and dossier
file creation) were not considered in any of the
candidate configurations postulated.
These departures in design were incorporated as a
mechanism for effecting a direct comparison among systems
of varying complexity within tie framework of the same
functional requirements. The systems evaluated ranged
from manual to fully automatic retrieval devices. The
technique employed in the design of the manual systems
reflect an effort to superimpose upon them (to the
degree possible) the functional characteristics of
random processing and strict file integrity similar to
those found in the more automated systems. These same
DESCRIPTION AND RECOMMENDATION
Recommendations
6.2.2.
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restrictions were applied across-the-board to all systems.
The liberty taken in configuring a 16mm aperture card system
which differed in approach from existing, in-house systems
was not intended as a reflection on any of these operating
systems but was a necessary measure in establishing an
equitable basis for comparing a multitude of diverse
microfilm equipments.
The rationale for this recommendation, then, is that
given a number of alternative microfilm technologies as
applied to a given benchmark problem representing the
projected requirements for a central document repository,
which systems ranked most favorably? The Packed
Microfiche and the 35mm Aperture Card systems, based on
the cumulative rankings documented in this report, offered
the most favorable solution when considered from an
equivalent starting point. Whether or not the advantages
offered by either of these systems constitute sufficient
motivation to adopt either in preference to an expanded
version of the existing 16mm systems is a judgment which
must be made by Agency management.
DESCRIPTION AND RECOMMENDATION
Recommendations
6.2.2.
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6.2.3. DOCUMENT INPUT FLOW
6.2.3.1. Packed Microfiche System
The narrative which follows is keyed by number to
sections of Figure 6-1.
1 All documents are received at a central point where
receipt is verified, documents are batched by originator
(i.e., CIA, DIA, State, etc.) and assigned a Batch
Control No. Whenever a Document Control Number (e.g.,
USIB No., digraph code) has not been pre-assigned, a
meaningful number if created and marked on the document.
Expedite copies are pulled for OCI, BR and RI/AN according
to standing orders. A Processing Copy is pulled for
all documents and forwarded for Header Indexing. Remaining
copies are forwarded to the appropriate DISSEMINATION
SECTION.
2 Processing copies are screened to determine proper
handling. Documents for which there is a repository
responsibility are forwarded for header indexing. Those
with no repository requirement are evaluated for retrieval
content and either nodexed (i.e., no further processing)
or indexed and forwarded for filming. The Header Xndex is
transcribed onto the Header Index Sheet, which is attaphe0
to the document.
DESCRIPTION AND RECOMMENDATION
Document Input Flow
6.2.3.1.
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Packed Microfiche System
Flow Diagram
Documents
(All Source)
Screen
for
Content
Select
Document
Processing
Copy
(Microfilm
Assign Doc
Storage No.
Film
Processing
net
N/
Document
Dissemination
Copies
Dissem.
Section
1Record
Doc. Storage
No. on Index
Sheet
Document
Processing
Copy
?_--1
Clformatior)
nalystF'.
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3 Documents requiring double backup file processing are
manually segregated from those with single backup. Types
of documents are separated also by security compartment
and kept separate throughout processing.
4 Documents are microfilmed on the Step-and-Repeat
Camera such that multiple items may be recorded on the
same Microfiche but arranged such that each item starts
a new row. A Document Storage Number, assigned sequentially,
shall be photographed in the leftmost frame preceding
each new item. This number is to be enlarged sufficiently
to be eye readable. The Document Storage Number assigned
is recorded on the Header Index Sheet to be entered into
the computer index for cross reference purposes.
5 Documents and attached Header Index Sheets are
forwarded to the Information Analysts for further indexing.
The unprocessed film is forwarded for film development.
DESCRIPTION AND RECOMMENDATION
Document Input Flow
6.2.3.2.
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6 Each 100 ft. roll of 105mm silver film is developed
in the processor and visually scanned for quality control.
7 Each roll of film is contact printed onto diazo rolls
for backup storage. Those requiring distribution to NSA
are contact copied twice (see step #3).
8 Resultant rolls (both Silver and Diazo) are processed
through the automatic Film Cutter where they are cut into
individual Microfiche. The original Silver Microfiche is
forwarded to Records Center. A complete set of duplicate
diazo Microfiche is filed by Document Storage Number in
the Document Master File. The remaining set of diazo
duplicates are forwarded to NSA as appropriate.
DESCRIPTION AND RECOMMENDATION
Document Input Flow
6.2.3.1.
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DOCUMENT INPUT FLOW
Packed Microfiche System
Flow Diagram (Cont'd. )
---i
Original
Silver
Microfiche
1.7-,M)R File
+
(Contact )
2 Print
Copies
(Cut Film
Originals
Original
Silver
Microfiche
Duplicate
Diazo
Microfiche
Duplicate
Diazo
Microfiche
Figure 6-1, Cont'd.
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6.2.3.2. Filmsort 2000dx (35mm Aperture Card System)
The narrative which follows is keyed by number to
sections of Figure 6-2.
1 All documents are received at a central point where
receipt is verified, documents are batched by originator
(i.e., CIA, DIA, State, etc.) and given a Batch Control
No. Whenever a Document Control No. (e.g., USIB No.,
diagraph code) has not been pre-assigned, a meaningful
number is created and marked on the document. Expedite
copies are pulled for OCI, BR and RI/AN according to
standing orders. A Processing Copy is pulled for each
document. Remaining copies are forwarded to the
appropriate DISSEMINATION SECTION.
2 Processing copies are screened to determine proper
handling. Documents for which there is repository
responsibility are forwarded for Header Indexing. Those
with no repository requirement are evaluated by the
Information Analysts for retrieval content and either
nodexed (i.e., no further processing) or indexed and
forwarded for filming. Documents to be filmed are
stamped with Batch Serial No.
DESCRIPTION AND RECOMMENDATION
Document Input Flow
6.2.3.2.
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DOCUM
Filmsort 2000 dx (35 mm Aperture Card System)
flow Diagram
Documents
(All Source
Receipt & Log
Count, batch
Assign Doc
Control No.
Document
Dissemination
Copy
Dissem.
Section
? ].)ata
ranscriptio)
? Group
Document
Processing
Copy
Document
Pr oce s sing
Copy
Micrcam
& K.P. Datch
Ser. No.
AParture
Card.
EAM
Processing
Scan & Create
Work Card)
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3 The Header Index is transcribed onto the Index
Sheets which are processed through a Page Reader and
converted to digital form. Work cards are punched to
include:
- Document Control Number
- Match Serial Number
- Security Classification
- Number of Pages per Document
Number of Aperture Cards required (Card of )
Where multiple aperture cards are to be required,
additional work cards are created accordingly.
4 Documents are microfilmed seven pages up with a
visually legible Batch Serial Number in the Aperture.
This number is punched into the processed aperture card.
Documents are forwarded to the Information Analysts for
further indexing as appropriate.
DESCRIPTION AND RECOMMENDATION
Document Input Flow
6.2.3.2.
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5 Both the work cards (from Step #3) and the aperture
cards (from Step #4) are sorted into Batch/Serial No.
sequence. The resultant decks are matched, one for one
on a collator.
6 Indicative data (see Step #3) are reproduced from
work cards into the aperture cards. The work cards are
destroyed. The punched coding on the aperture cards is
interpreted onto the cards. (Processing date--month and
year--are gangpunched throughout on this step).
7 Aperture cards are sorted into sequence by Document
Control Number. Documents requiring "CIA only" backup
storage (i.e., those not duplicated for NSA) are sorted
out by Security Classification Code.
8 Aperture cards are copy-reproduced to create backup
file apertures which are interpreted before distribution.
Duplicate copies are made if NSA distribution is required,
a single copy is produced for all others. The original
silver apertures are sent to the Records Center. The
first duplicates are filed in Document Control Number
sequence in the Master Document File. The other duplicate
set is forwarded to NSA as appropriate.
DESCRIPTION AND RECOMMENDATION
Document Input Flow
6.2.3.2.
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Filmsort 2000 dx (35 mm Aperture Card System
Flow Diagram (Cont'd. )
? Approved F
AFerttre
Card
terpreter
Inte .rp.et Apert
Cath
Sort
Doc. Cal
fFerture
Card
KInterpret
t.eproduce)
(2 copies)
Copy-
/Punch Data
into .Aperlure
Cards
VINAR
File
ease 204:VO) 4/14 :
Work
Card
Copy-
/Reproduce
Interpret
)
\(1 co r y)
File
-23-
DP7 52A0001000606
Figure 6-2,
Cont' d.
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Chapter 6.3.
DESCRIPTION OF OTHER CANDIDATE SYSTEMS
6.3.1, MANUAL SYSTEMS
These systems are characterized by a manual access
and refile of requested document masters. The specified
items are removed from the file by a file clerk,
duplicated or enlarged on appropriate equipment and
physically returned to the file.
6.3.1.1. paper File
This is a manual system in which the original
documents themselves are stored in open vertical shelf
files and reproduced on demand by conventional office
copying equipment. Document retrieval and refiling
are done manually. (CHIVE/R-1-65, System A)
6.3.1.2. Packed Paper File
This is a variation of the previous System in
that the original hard copy is stored in compact, moveable,
open shelving. (Ibid., System B)
6.3.1.3. 16mm Aperture Cards
This system utilizes 16mm aperture cards (Mil 'E'
Specs.) which are in motorized card files with a modified
DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEMS
Manual Systems
6.3.1.3.
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Filmsort UNIprinter 086 at each file. File clerks are
allocated to a specific group of files where they select
requested aperture card masters, prepare expendable
duplicate aperture cards which in turn are used for
enlargement to hard copy on 3M Quadrant Printers. Master
aperture cards are refiled immediately after they have
been duplicated. This is a slight departure from the
present Intellofax system and the an4lysis contained in
this report should not be interpreted as an evaluation of
the OCR/MD system. (Ibid., System C)
6.3.1.4. Filmsort 1000d
Developed by the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing
(3M) Co., the Filmsort 1000d is a combination camera-
processing unit which provides a finished 35mm aperture
card within 60 seconds after the original document is
placed under the camera. This single piece of equipment
allows aperture cards to be created without the separate
film processing and mounting operations required of other
aperture card systems. Duplicate backup files are created
by an automatic aperture card copier. The cards are filed
in motorized card files and on demand, may either be duplicated
at the file using the UNIprinter 086 approach (similar to
that for the 16mm aperture cards system) or be removed
DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEMS
Manual Systems
6.3.1.4.
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from the file to a central automatic hard copy eniarger.
This is the original configuration of the aperture card
system recommended in Section 6.2.3., (Ibid., System D)
6.3.1.5. VilmsouL 1000d wiAli Rotary Camr
Identical to the previous system except that backup
copies are recorded on roll microfilm by means of rotary
cameras in addition to filming onto aperture cards
using the Filmsort 1000d. (Ibid., System E)
6.3.1.6. Microfiche
The file medium used by this system is the same as
that described in Section 6.2.2. except that for this
system, one item per microfiche is assumed. Original
recording is performed by a 'step-and-repeat' camera
similar to the recommended system. As originally
configured, an intermediate disposable copy is created.
at the file and processed through a Microcard Model E1-3
Enlarger to create a hard copy sensitized roll paper
which, in turn, is developed on the Recordak Ektaline
Processor and automatically mit for ditributimi.
(Ibid., System F)
DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEMS
Manual Systems
6.3.1.6.
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6.3.1.7. Packed Microfiche
This system is the original version of the
recommended system described in Section 6.2.2. Allocation
of multiple items per microfiche is identical to recommended
system. The main difference lies in the camera unit and
the enlarging device employed. (Ibid., System G)
6.3.2. SEMI-AUTOMATIC SYSTEMS
The systems conceptually incorporated in this class
are characterized by a manual accession to a cluster of
document image masters coupled with an automatic search
of the cluster for the requested item. The storage media
might be in the form of discrete group of film cards (as
in MEDIA) or of roll film (as in MIRACODE, CRIS, and
Filesearch). In either case, the cluster (i.e., magazine,
cartridge, scroll or reel) is attached to a search
mechanism which scans a photo-optically coded representa-
tion of the document, logically compares it to a search
argument (i.e., item number) inserted by means of key-
board or card entry, and copies the identified item
directly to hard copy or intermediate microfilm. A more
detailed description of each system with its most probable
approach to the CHIVE problem is included below.
DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEMS
Semi-Automatic Systems
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6.3.2.1. MEDIA
MEDIA is a semi-automatic microfilm searching
system developed by Magnavox Company. Using a special
camera unit, document images are recorded on individual
film cards (about 1 x 3 inches) containing up to three
letter-size pages each. A number is recorded on the
film chip with the images, and is used as the basis for file
searching with a mechanized Selector-Reproducer unit. A
file clerk locates the appropriate capsule (containing
200 cards) and delivers it to the Selector-Reproducer
operator who mounts the capsule into the feeding station
and keys in the desired document number. The unit
rapidly scans the film cards and, upon locating the
requested item, produces hard copy on line. There
are five known MEDIA installations in operation currently.
(Ibid., System H)
6.3.2.2. MEDIA with Copyflo 11-1
This is a modification of the previous system with
the one variation that selected items on the Selector-
Reproducer are contact copied onto 16mm roll microfilm for
subsequent enlargement to hard copy on a Xerox Copyflo 11-1
Continuous Printer. (Ibid., System I)
DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEMS
MEDIA
6.3.2.2.
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6.3.2.3. MIRACODE
MIRACODE is a semi-automatic, roll microfilm
searching system developed by Recordak. Using a special
camera unit, documents are recorded on 16mm roll microfilm
along with an associated coded representation of the
indexing system. Approximately 2100 images can be
stored on 100 foot rolls of film which are cartridge
loaded. Requests are serviced by selecting the appropriate
cartridge, inserting it into the Viewer-Printer, and
keying in the document number. Selected items are
projected on a viewing screen and/or printed on-line to
hard copy. About five MIRACODE installations are currently
in operation. (Ibid., System J)
6.3.2.4. CRIS
The Command Retrieval Information System (CRIS)
is a semi-automatic, microfilm searching system marketed
by Information for Industry, Inc. The storage medium
employed by this system is a cartridge-loaded 400-foot
scroll, 17 inches in width. A coded representation of
the document image location is recorded on the scroll
itself. The coding is initially recorded by photographing
the document onto 35mm film which, in turn, is contact
DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEMS
Semi-Automatic Systems
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printed onto the scroll by means of a Scroll Preparation
Unit. Upon request, the appropriate scroll is inserted
in the scroll positioning mechanism which is part of the
CRIS Console Unit. The unit is capable of locating a
specified subframe (i.e., a two page cluster) within
the scroll which contains 28,160 frames, each containing
up to 12 legal size pages. The document number is
entered via a keyboard and the scroll is rapidly scanned
?
until the requested item is located, projected onto a
viewer and contact printed onto a 35mm aperture card.
Hard copy is produced from the aperture cards on the
Xerox 1824 Printer. There is only one known CRIS system
currently installed. (Ibid., System K)
6.2.3.5. CRIS with Copyflo 24C
This system is identical to that discussed previously
except that the Xerox 24C Continuous Printer is used for
high volume production of hard copy from aperture cards.
(Ibid., System L)
6.2.3.6. Filesearch
The Filesearch is a relatively complex roll microfilm
searching system developed by FMA, Inc. It utilizes 1000
foot rolls of 35mm microfilm, with indexing information
DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEMS
Sera-Automatic Systems
6.2.3.6.
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photo-optically recorded on the film along with the
document images. Using the coded search criteria, the
search unit can rapidly scan and locate the desired
document(s) on the manually mounted film. Output options
are viewer presentation, hard copy enlargement or
contact print to roll microfilm. The system has the
logical ability to accommodate a combined image and index
in a self-contained document system and is normally used
in this way rather than as a document delivery system.
Approximately seven of these units have been delivered
and installed. (Ibid., System M)
6.3.2.7. Filesearch with Copyflo 11-1
This system is identical to that just described
with the exception that located items are contact
printed onto 35mm silver film for off-line hard copy
preparation on the Xerox Copyflo 11 Continuous Printer
Model 1. (Ibid., System N)
6.3.3. AUTOMATIC SYSTEMS
These systems are classified here as automatic
in the sense that, once the document identification
number has been entered into the system, it can locate
and furnish in some form the specific item requested
DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEMS
Automatic Systems
6.3.3.
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without the need for manual intervention. The systems as
described are not completely automatic since there are a
number of manual operations peripheral to the input and
retrieval functions. The three systems in this category
are described below.
6.3.3.1. Magnavue
Magnavue is a highly mechanized microfilm card
handling system developed by Magnavox Corp. It consists,
essentially, of one or more rapid access files, a
transport unit (card handler) and contact copy station
all under stored program control of a data processor.
Microimages are stored on 1 1/3" x 3" Mylar cards,
containing associated digital coding in either photo-
optical or magnetic form. Up to 3,000 cards are stored
in each magazine which may be fetched randomly or
sequentially under control of the processor. The
selected magazine is automatically inserted into the
card handler where the cards are rapidly scanned until
the requested item is contact printed onto roll
microfilm from which the hard copy is produced on the Xerox
Copyflo 24C Continuous Printer. The Magtavue system also
is capable of producing aperture card output. The first
DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEMS
Automatic Systems
6.3.3.1.
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Magnavue system is scheduled for delivery to the U. S. Army
Missile Command, Redstone Arqenal, Alabama in late April 1965.
(Ibid., System 0)
6.3.3.2. Cypress*
Cypress is an automatic image processing system
currently under development by IBM Corp. The system
consists of one or more files under stored program control
serviced by a Projection Input/Output Converter. Page
images are recorded on diazo film chips which are enclosed
in plastic molded cells (32 chips/cell). Cells may be
randomly accessed according to address location and
conveyed pneumatically to an Output Converter where the
designated chip may be directly picked from the cell.
Selected images may be copied through projection lenses
onto aperture cards which, in turn, are used to produce
off-line hard copy on the Xerox Copyflo 24C Continuous
Printer. The system is still in the developmental stage,
with no systems delivered to date. Prices and performance
specifications quoted in this report are tentative,
*The IBM Cypress system is developmental equipment which
is proprietary in nature. Information relating to the
tentative specifications and cost ranges cited in this
report should be treated accordingly.
DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEMS
Automatic Systems
6.3.3.2.
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reflecting the best available estimates at the time of
this report. (Ibid., System P)
6.3.3.3. Videofile
The Ampex Videofile is a document storage system
in which images of the documents are stored on reels of
video tape in onventional TV recording form. A
separate digital addressing track accompanies the video
track on each tape transport to retrieve the image at
the specified address. Selected images are recorded
onto an output video tape which, in turn, is converted
to hard copy by means of a special video tape printer.
With a large file, it is impractical with existing
equipment to have all video file tapes on-line simultaneously,
thus some manual mounting and dismounting of tapes is
required. Because of this manual intervention, the system
approximates but does not fulfill the definition of an
automatic system in the same sense as the two previous
systems. Realistically, Videofile could be categorized
completely independent of all others since it is the only
system not using some form of microfilm. The first
Videofile system is scheduled for delivery to NASA,
George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville,
Alabama, in late 1965. Costs quoted herein are
approximate. (Ibid., System Q)
DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEMS
Automatic Systems
6.3.3.3.
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ma Chapter 6.4
WIN
RATIONALE FOR RECOMMENDATION
6.4.1. SELECTION PROCESS
Based on the comparative analysis of the various
candidate systems as summarized in Section 6.6., the
results were interpreted to determine which system was
most suitable to the CHIVE document storage and retrieval
requirements. The approach taken was to narrow down the
alternate configurations reviewed by a process of
elimination, excluding those systems which for one reason
or another did not offer an effective nor economical
solution to the problem. The remaining systems
were then submitted to closer scrutiny and an extensive
? comparison of their relative merits was drawn in order
that a final selection might be made. This section
will consist of two major parts: first, a summary of
the exclusion process with a brief discussion of the
shortcomings of each of the rejected systems and second,
a thorough discussion of the tradeoffs involved in the
implementation of those contenders surviving the cutoff.
RATIONALE
Selection Process
6.4.1.
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In all, there were seventeen different configurations
of equipment considered (Chapter 6.3.). Each was
evaluated on the basis of seven criteria: (1) system
cost, (2) space, (3) manning level, (4) responsiveness,
(5) hard copy output quality, (6) file integrity and
(7) purge capability. Section 6.6. summarizes the
relative ranking of the systems for each of these parameters.
The first three criteria (cost, space and manning) were
considered to carry the heaviest weighting with
responsiveness and output quality of somewhat lesser impor-
tance, although under no circumstance would a degradation
from the current system performance by permitted.
It was observed that all of the systems, when designed
with the proper system controls, furnish an equivalent
degree of file integrity. Although the facility
for file purging ranged, to a degree, among the candidates,
a review of existing in-house document systems revealed a
minimal amount of purge activity and therefore the
requirement for a purge capability was considered a
relatively insignificant parameter.
The exclusion process was conducted on three levels
as follows:
RATIONALE
Selection Process
6.4.1.
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- Gross exclusion: assuming that cost, space and
manpower were the principle parameters, systems
ranking substantially out of line in any of these
categories were initially dismissed.
- "Twin" exclusion: several of those systems
remaining consisted of alternate configurations
of the same basic processes_(e.g., CRIS with Xerox
1824 and CRIS with Xerox 24C hard copy output).
These were matched against each other and the less
attractive 'twin' configuration was rejected.
Cumulative ranking: among the systems still in
contention, the relative rankings were reviewed
with general weighting applied as described above
and the two systems consistently receiving high
marks throughout were recommended for more detailed
analysis. As indicated in Section 6.2.2. the
two systems recommended were (a) Packed Microfiche
and (b) 35mm Aperture Cards (Filmsort 2000dx).
A summary of the principle reasons for rejection of
the other candidate systems is included below. It should be
emphasized that this critique of the various systems is
not intended to be derogatory towards any vendor's
equipment per se, but merely is intended as an evaluation
of their suitability to the specific requirements peculiar
to the CHIVE document problem.
6.4.1.1. Paper File and the Packed Paper File*
The floor space required for filing all documents
in original hard copy is considerably greater than any
of the other candidate systems (Table 6-6) even when
*For descriptions of these systems see Chapter. 6.3.
RATIONALE
Selection Process
6.4.1.1.
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Initial System
CHRIS-with Xerox 1824 (245-405)
Miracode (380 .1.8o)
Filesearch (400-610) '
CHRIS-with Xerox 24C (400-560)
-r.,fihe-packed (420-560)
Filmsort 2000 DX (46o)
MEDIA (490-590)
Filmsort 1000D (515-655)
Mncrofiche-packed, with XerOx
printer (520-540)
16-mm aperture cards (530-670)
Filmort 1000D-with rotary cdArLe.d
(545-565)
Videofile (550-790)
Microfiche (565-665)
Filesearch-with Copyflo 11-1
(620-720)
TAME 6-6
RANKING OF CANDIDATE SYSTEMS BY FLOOR SPACE
Intermediate System
Microfiche-packed (915-1415)
CRIS,with Xerox 24c (94o-164o)
CS-with Xerox 1824 (965-1665)
Microfiche-packed with Xerox printer
(990-1170)
Videofile (1)-i.80-1960)
Microfiche (1555-2055)
Filmsort 2000 DX (1585-1685)
Miracode (1790-2330)
Filesearch (1930-2510)
FilemIt-with'Oopyflo 11-1
(2060-2520)
16-mm aperture .cards (2075-2715)
Cypress (2255-2655)
Filmscrt 1000D (2690-2970)
Filmsort 1000D-with rotary camera
(2800-3205)
SECRET
Final System
Microfiche-packed with Xerox printer
(1545-1765)
Microfiche-packed (1650-2450)
CRIS-with Xerox 1824 (1675-2855)
CHRIS-with Xerox 24C (1760-2940)
Videofile (2690-3560)
Filmsort 2000 DX (2800-3000)
Microfi.lhe (2920-3720)
Filesearch-with Copyflo 11-1 (3300-
4100)
Filesearch (3440-4240)
Miracode (3580-4380)
16-mm aperture cards (3890-4990)
Cypress (4985-5685)
MEDIA (5150-5960)
MEDIA-with Copyflo 11-1 (5170-5980)
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MEDIA-with Copyflo 11-1 (650-750)
Cypress (975-1075)
Magnavue (1050-1150)
Magnavue-with ap card output
(1430-1530)
Paper file-packed (4095)
Paper file (5095)
Magnavue (3095-3495)
MEDIA (3120-3360)
MEDIA-with Copyflo 11-1 (3550-
3990)
Paper file-packed (40,340-40,435)
Paper file (50,340-50,435)
Magnavue-with ap. card output not
analyzed for this case
Magnavue (5220-5920)
Magnavue-with ap. card output
(5250-6090)
Filmsort 100D-with rotary camera
(5370-6015)
FiImsort 1000D (5430-5990)
Paper file-packed (80,535-80,725)
Paper file (100,535-100,725)
NOTE: Numbers in parentheses are the estimated floor space requirements in square feet for the candidate
systems, exclusive of the miscellaneous space requirements that are common to all candidates.
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moveable, open shelving is used. Since space is a
major parameter, shelf storage of hard copy was rejected
as the principle storage medium. In fact, the space
required for these systems is so far out of line with the
other candidates, it consitutes a strong argument for the
need for some type of microform storage. Nevertheless,
it is recognized that because of the nature of the documents
themselves, a portion of the corpus will be retained in
paper form as a practical measure.
6.4.1.2. 16mm Aperture Card
Use of the Mil 'E' aperture card as a primary mode
of document storage was rejected for the following
reasons. The system ranked unfavorably in the manpower
required category (Table 6-L5). Furthermore, since this
storage medium has not enjoyed wide acceptance, more
advanced processing equipment has not been developed
to date by the microfilm industry nor can it be
anticipated. The more widely used 35mm aperture card
(Mil 'D') represents a more probable area for future
commercial development by various manufacturers, thereby
enhancing the chances for future system upgrading as
the file base expands.
RATIONALE
Selection Process
6.4.1.2.
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TABLE 6-5
RANKING OF CANDIDATE SYSTEMS BY MANPOWER LEVELS
Initial System
Intermediate System
Final System
Microfiche (packed, with Xerox
printer)
3
Microfiche (packed)
9-13
Microfiche (packed)
14-22
CRIS (with Copyflo 24C)
10-19
Microfiche (packed, with
18-20
Microfiche (packed)
3-4
Xerox printer)
Microfiche (packed, with Xerox
11-12
Microfiche
3-4
printer
Magnavue
19-26
CRIS (with Copyflo 24C
3-4
Cypress
11-15
CRIS (with Copyflo 24C)
19-33
CRIS (with Xerox 1824)
3-5
Filmsort 2000 DX
12-14
Filmsort 20001 DX
21-25
Filesearch (w/Copyflo 11-1)
3-5
Magnavue
12-16
Cypress
21-28
Filesearch
3-5
Microfiche
13-17
Microfiche
22-30
Paper file
4
Videofile
14-22
Magnavue (ap. card output)
23-31
Paper file (packed)
4
CHRIS (with Xerox 1824)
14-23
Videofile
24-38
Magnavue
4-5
Filesearch (w/Copyflo 11-1)
16-20
CRIS (with Xerox 1824)
24-39
Filmsort 2000 DX
5
Paper file
1621
Paper file
26-35
Miracode
5-6
Paper file (packed)
16-21
Paper file (packed)
26-35
Cypress
5-6
Filesearch
17-22
Filesearch (w/Copyflo 1171)
27-34
Magnavue (ap. card output)
5-6
MEDIA (w/Copyflo 11-1)
19-24
Filesearch
30-37
MEDIA (w/Copyflo 11-1)
5-6.
Miracode
21-27
MEDIA (w/Copyflo 11-1)
32-41
?MIA
5-6
MEDIA
22-27
MEDIA
36-45
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UL
Videofile 5-9 16mm aperture cards
16-mm aperture (7ards 6-8 Filmsort 1000D
Filmsort 1000D 6-8 Filmsort 1000D (w/rotary
camera)
Filmsort 1000D (w/rotary 7-8
camera) Magnavue (ap. card output)
not analyzed for this case,
23-33 Miracode 40-47
25-31 16mm aperture cards 42-58
26-32 Filmsort 1000D 47-55
Filmsort 1000D (w/rotary 49-59
camera)
NOTE: The numbers are the estimated total manpower levels for the candidates, These estimates do not include
. the labor that is common to all candidates.
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The use of microfiche for storage of individual
documents was originally considered but compared less
favorably in cost, space, and manpower than the Packed
Microfiche and therefore was eliminated from further
consideration.
6.4.1.4. MEDIA and MEDIA with Xerox Copyflo 11-1
A direct comparison of these two 'twin' systems
reveals that the MEDIA with Xerox Copyflo has a slight edge
in ranking by cost, manning level and copy quality although
it requires slightly more floor space. The most favorable
version of the MEDIA system (i.e., that with Copyflo
printing) constituted a close contender but was excluded
primarily because of its relatively poor ranking in
manning and space. Furthermore, since it involves an
on-line contact print to roll microfilm with subsequent
off-line processing and continuous flow printing, the
system responsiveness is downgraded to a degree unsuitable
for meeting counter service turnaround requirements. The
on-line printout of hard copy on the Selector-Reproducer
was of marginal quality, although the Copyflo approach,
which could not be observed, would probably be an
improvement.
RATIONALE
Selection Process
6.4.1.4.
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6.4.1.5. Miracode
Although this system compared favorably in the
initial system, it gradually dropped off in ranking in
all categories when configured to meet the high activity
demand printing required of the final system. The system
is designed primarily for on-line browsing at a viewing
station with low volume, selective printout and as such
does not provide a suitable match for the voluminous
CHIVE printing reguirement.
6.4.1.6. CRIS with Xerox 1824 and CRIS with Copyflo 24C
Both CRIS configurations compared favorably in
cost, space and manning with the latter being the more
attractive twin in all categories except space. The
major objection to CRIS was that the system is not
suitable for a random mode of processing once frequent
scroll changing is required. The weight of the scroll
cartridge makes frequent mounting impractical, thereby
forcing the operation into a batch processing mode with a
resultant retardation of responsiveness. Furthermore,
the excessive down time encountered while attempting to
test copy quality raised a serious doubt as to the
inherent reliability of the equipment as well as the
manufacturer's capacity to service it properly.
RATIONALE
Selection Process
6.4.1.6.
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Filesearch an Filesearch with Copyflo 11-1
The principal reason for excluding the Filesearch
configurations is the high cost involved. The systems rank
among the more expensive contenders within range of the
more fully automatic systems (see Table 6-4.). Why then
a trend towards widespread adoption of this system within
the DIA? There is a fundamental difference between the
CHIVE system requirements and those of the Defense
Department. The DIA system is predicated on a shallow
indexing system which is oriented towards document
retrieval only. The CHIVE concept is predicated on a
deep index beyond the logical search capability of the
Filesearch system. Furthermore, the DIA is working with
a decentralized data base and has a requirement for
compatibility between decentralized organizations
(U and S Commands) which are to be provided products
from a central index facility. The FMA system has a
powerful roll to roll copy capability suitable for this
mode of operation. However, the decentralized
characteristic of the DIA system is in direct contrast
with the centralized document facility postulated in
the CHIVE system. The Filesearch approach, though it
offers a valid solution to the DIA problem, involves a
RATIONALE
Selection Process
6.4.1.7.
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TABLE 6 - 4
RANKING OF CANDIDATE SYSTEMS
INITIAL SYSTEM INTERMEDIATE
Microfiche (packed, with (52,000
Xerox printer
CRIS (with Xerox 1824)
Paper Files
Paper Files (packed)
Filmsort 2000 DX
CRIS (with Copyflo 24C)
MEDIA (with Copyflo 11-1)
MEDIA
16mm Aperture Cards
Filmsort 1000D (with
rotary camera)
Filmsort 1000 D
Microfiche (packed)
Miracqde
Filesearch (with Copyflo
11-1)
Microfiche (unit record)
Videofile
Filesearch
Magnavue (ap. card output)
Magnavue (roll film output)
Cypress
53,000)
(57,000 - 75,000)
(59,000
(62,000)
(65,000)
(70,000 - 78,000)
(7)+,000 - 80,000)
(79,000 - 86,00o)
(89;000 - 100,000
(92,000 - 99,000)
(92,000 - 103,000)
(95,000 - 121,000)
(124,000 - 133,000)
(124,000 - 140,000)
(129,000 - 154,000)
(152,000 - 227,000)
(191,000 - 242,000)
(248,000 - 254,000)
(257,000 - 273,000)
(267,000 - 283,000)
NOTE: The numbers in parentheses are the estimated
costs of candidates. These estimates do not
are common to all candidates
-50-
Microfiche (packed, with
Xerox printer)
Filmsort 2000 DX
CRIS (with Copyflo 24C)
MEDIA (with Copyflo 11-1)
CRIS (with Xerox 1824)
Paper Files
Microfiche (packed)
Paper Files (packed)
MEDIA
16mm Aperture Card
Filmsort 1000 D (with rotary
camera)
Filmsort 1000 D
Filesearch (with Copyflo
11-1)
Videofile
Microfiche (unit record)
Magnavue (ap. card output)
Magnavue (roll film output)
Mirac ode
Cypress
Filesearch
annual dollar operating
include the costs that
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BY OPERATING COST
SYSTEM
(185,000 - 201,000)
(227,000 238,000)
(26'8,000 352,000
(279,000 324,000
(281,000 - 365,000
(313,000 - 338,000
(333,000 465,000)
(349,000 374,000
(391,000 - 436,000
(430,000 489,000)
(45o,000 485,00o)
(454,000 489,000
(492,000 - 629,000
(526,000 - 831,000
(532,000 - 665,000)
Not; evaluated in this case
(648,000 - 711,000
(676,000 - 723,000
(737,000 - 831,000
(1,091,000 - 1,263,000
FINAL SYSTEM
Microfiche (packed, with
Xerox printer)
Filmsort 2000 DX
MEDIA (with Copyflo
11-1)
CRIS (with Copyflo 24C)
CRIS (with Xerox 1824)
Paper Files
Microfiche (packed)
Paper Files (packed)
MEDIA
16mm Aperture Cards
Filesearch (with
Copyflo 11-1)
Filmsort 1000 D (with
rotary camera
Filmsort 1000 D
Videofile
Microfiche (unit record)
Miracode
Magnavue (ap. card
output)
Magnavue (roll film
output)
Cypress
Filesearch
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(310,000
(401,00o
(473,000
(480,00o
(495,000
(541,00o
(597,000
(613,000
(653,00o
(768,000
(799,000
- 334,000)
419,000'
552,000
614,000)
633,000
587,000
811,000
659,000
731,000
- B64,000)
1,032,000
(810,000 - 868,000)
(828,000 -
(881,000 -
(978,000 -
(1,170,000
(1,201,000
(1,203,000
(1,446 000
(1,868,000
874,000
1,377,000
1,192,000
1,227,000
1,349,000
1,344,000)
- 1,637,000)
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search capability which is too limited to handle the deep
CHIVE index and too expensive to be used as an aspect system
for merely locating a specific document number. It provides
a powerful means of creating satellite files on demand which
is quite significant for DIA but cannot be appreciably
exploited within the CHIVE requirement. Aside from this
'over-design' from the CHIVE point of view, the system
is more suitable to batch processing. Because of its
slow reel interchange and relatively slow scanning rate,
the system ranks unfavorably in performing random
counter service retrieval activity.
6.4.1.8. Videofile
Based on preliminary specifications of the Ampex
system, the use of video tape as the CHIVE document
storage medium was rejected. It does not appear that
the state of the art of video recording is, as yet, competi-
tive with microfilm either from the standpoint of cost or
resolution quality. The current status of the Videofile
equipment is oriented more towards visual display output
and a capability for high volume printing has yet to be
demonstrated.
RATIONALE
Selection Process
6.4.1.8.
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6.4.1.9. Magnavue and Cypress
The preliminary specifications and pricing informa-
tion for these similar, automatic systems indicates that
they both have a response capability in excess of CHIVE
requirements and consequently are placed in an unfavorable
cost position. The advantage of the automatic over the
less sophisticated systems does not seem significant
enough to warrant the added cost and for this reason these
systems are tentatively rejected. However, proposals for
implementing these systems have been received from the
respective manufacturers. Both proposals, and particularly
the Cypress proposal suggest a solution different from
those described and evaluated in this study. As such,
they are to be evaluated outside the scope of this report.
Since the Cypress proposal involves a number of advanced
technologies of considerable promise, a continuous
tracking of this and other developmental efforts is
warranted.
It should be noted that an RFP has been issued to
the manufacturers of Videofile, Magnavue and Cypress in
order to ascertain firmer specification and cost
information. The response shall be evaluated on the
individual merit of each proposal outside the scope of
this report.
RATIONALE
Selection Process
6.4.1. 9.
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6.4.1.10. Shortcomings of Recommended Systems
It should not be construed from the foregoing summary
discussion that the two systems selected as most favorable
are without some drawbacks. Most of these are pointed
out in the subsequent discussion wherein the two systems
are subjected to a detailed comparison on many facets.
A summary of some of their respective shortcomings is
included here.
Packed Microfiche
This system necessitates the filing of items by
document accession number (Section 6.4.3.1.) thereby
introducing the problem of assigning and maintaining
some form of cross reference numbering system as well
as the requirement for a lookup of this cross reference
in servicing counter requests. By collocating multiple
items on the same fiche the advantage of a unit record
is lost and multiple items are absent from the file
when one of the items is removed for processing. Also,
the microfiche is strictly a manual record which cannot
be mechanically sequenced before refiling as is possible
in the case of the two aperture card systems.
Filmsort-35mm Aperture Card
The Filmsort 1000d, which was evaluated during the
first phase of the study, compared somewhat unfavorably
RATIONALE
Selection Process
6.4.1.10.
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in both manning and space but introduction of the Filmsort
2000dx in the later stages of the study improved these
rankings substantially. A major question arises with
the Filmsort system concerning the archival quality of
the aperture cards produced (Section 6.4.3.4.). The
GSA has yet to recognize the aperture cards produced
on the Filmsort device as meeting the NBS standards for
storage of permanent records.
6.4.2. QUANTITATIVE COMPARISON OF REMAINING CANDIDATES
The foregoing exclusions left the two remaining
candidates--Packed Microfiche and 35mm aperture cards--
as finalists suitable for further evaluation prior to
final selection. Based on the findings of the survey,
summarized in Chapter 6.6., the Microfiche system
compared more favorably in cost, space and manpower
requirements. However, the recent product announcement
by the 3M Company of the Filmsort 2000dx camera has
made available an improved capability for creating 35mm
aperture cards. The new device provides a means for
recording eight rather than four images per aperture
card, thereby reducing the space required through more
compact storage. Furthermore, the new unit is designed
RATIONALE
Comparison of Remaining
Candidates
6.4.2.
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with a faster process cycle, allowing more rapid
throughput, fewer camera units and an equivalent reduction
in camera operators. On the other hand, a survey of
microfilm manufacturers has revealed a number of new
microfiche processing devices, which offered improved
cost and/or improved performance. Both the Microfiche
and Filmsort systems were re-configured to constitute an
optimum equipment mix and the ranking process was
repeated. The revised calculations resulted in the
following comparative position of the two systems.
COMPARISON OF PACKED MICROFICHE (WITH XEROX PRINTER)
VS. FILMSORT 2000dx SYSTEM
Factor Packed Microfiche*
(with Xerox printer)
Filmsort 2000dx **
Cost of total system
$310,000/yr
$401,000/yr.
Cost of inter-
mediate system
$184,000/yr.
$227,000/yr.
Cost of initial
system
$ 52,000/yr.
$ 65,000/yr.
Staff of total
system
18
21
*See Appendix 6.B.1.
**See Appendix 6.B.2.
RATIONALE
Comparison of Remaining
Candidates
6.4.2.
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Staff of inter-
mediate system 11-12 12-14
Staff of initial
system 3 4-5
Floor space of 1545 sq. ft 2800 sq. ft.
total system
Floor space of
intermediate
systPm 990-1170 sq. ft 1585-1685 sq. ft
Floor space of
initial system
520-540 sq. ft. 460 sq. ft.
6.4.3. OPERATIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF REMAINING CANDIDATES
In addition to the direct comparison on cost, space,
and staff, some further value judgments relating to the
adoption of either system must be made before a final
decision can be reached. It is impossible to assign an
objective weight to the significance of these factors,
since their relative importance will vary according to
the standpoint of the reader. For this reason, the
following discussion will draw a qualitative evaluation
of the ability of each system to meet various operational
requirements, without any attempt to interpret the
significance of each requirement.
6.4.30l. File 2E292L!2a112a
Fundamentally, there are two ways of organizing
items within the document store. These are:
RATIONALE
Operational Implications
6.4.3.1.
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- uocument Control Number Sequence: in which the items
in the file are arranged by a unique, meaningful
number that has been pre-assigned to the document
(e.g., USIB number, digraph code, etc.)
- Document Accession Number Sequence: in which the
items in the file are arranged by a unique,
sequence number which is assigned during the
input process and which identifies its relative
location in the file (e.g., storage location)
An extensive discussion of the operational implications
relating to each method follows in Section 6.5.3. In
summary, it establishes that the Packed Microfiche system
is restricted to use of the second method whereas the
aperture card system is adaptable to either method. This
means that the Packed Microfiche would require that an
Accession Number be assigned to identify the item storage
location. The microfiche would be filed in Accession
Number sequence and a cross index would be maintained on
the computer and printed out periodically as a cross
reference directory for servicing counter requests. The
aperture card system, by providing a means for organizing
the file in sequence by meaningful Document Control
number, eliminates the requirement for maintenance of a
dual numbering system as well as the lookup function in
retrieving specific items.
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RATIONALE
Operational Implications
6.4.3.1.
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6.4.3.2. Output Media
Although the end product output of the system has
been defined as hard copy, it is conceivable that other
means of distribution might be required. Both systems
appear to have an equivalent flexibility in providing
contact printing (to either card or fiche) or viewer
browsing, should either need arise.
6.4.3.3. Backup Copy
The Microfiche system has two alternative methods
for providing the necessary backup microfilm copy--105mm
roll microfilm or cut microfiche. Since there is no
equipment existing which can selectively access and
process items within a 105mm roll, cut microfiche appears
to be the only suitable option. With the Filmsort
approach duplicate aperture cards represent the only
reasonable backup because no intermediate roll film is
produced during the input process. Of course, for
either system a rotary camera could be employed to
create reel backup but this would introduce the additional
cost of a separate photographic operation and probably wouj
result in a poorer image quality. For Records Center
purposes either discrete microfiche or aperture card
RATIONALE
Operational Implications
6.4.3.3.
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would provide a workable form of security storage
although both would result in increased storage space
over the current 16mm roll film files. The aperture
card backup approach would require approximately five
times as much floor space as microfiche for filing
equipment (Appendix 6.13.). Presumably, the Record
Center would be equipped with some form of contact
print capability such as, for microfiche--an Ozalid
Duplicator and Developer Unit or for aperture cards--a
Filmsort UNIprinter 086. Contact copies would be
produced on demand and transmitted to headquarters
where they would be enlarged to hard copy and/or filed
as necessary. Of course, any change to existing practices
would require coordination with NSA.
6.4.3.4. Archival LtlEalilitiLLy.
A permanent copy of all CIA originated documents
must be furnished for archival purposes. The original
microfiche silver copy would fulfill this requirement.
On the other hand, 35mm aperture cards created by the
Filmsort camera are not currently recognized by the
GSA as an acceptable form of permanent storage. Unless
a favorable ruling is forthcoming, either a hard copy or
RATIONALE
Operational Implications
6.4.3.4.
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some other acceptable substitute would be required. One
approach would be to process Agency generated documents
through a rotary camera and retain the roll silver film
produced. Since the items requiring archival storage
represent a relatively small percentage of the total
volume handled, either hard copy or roll film would be
a reasonable solution to the problem.
6.4.3.5. Timing
Although both systems are manually operated with
many procedural similarities, there are functions
peculiar to each system which effect the time required
to input and to retrieve file items. The input
procedure is essentially a batch process with fairly
liberal time restrictions and as such, throughput is
the most important measure. On the other hand, the
retrieval function is typified by spasmodic, random
activity in which turnaround time is of greater import.
Factors effecting the time characteristics are summarized
as follows.
6.4.3.5.1. Input Timing
A summary comparison of input functions involved
with each of the two systems is included in Table 6-1.
There are obviously some advantages to either system.
RATIONALE
Operational Implications
6.4.3.5.1.
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TABLE 6-1
Input Processing - Functional Comparison
Function
Packed Microfiche
Filmsort-Aperture Card
(a) Assign Cross Reference
Number
(b) Preprocess
(c) Sequencing
O.) (d) Data Transcription
to
(e) Photography
(f) Film Processing
(g) Sequence for Filing
(h) Prepare Backup Files
(i) File Document Images
14,k41,
Assign Accession Number and transmit
to EDP system
No cross reference required
Equivalent manual processing (i.e., stape removal, etc.)
Some manual segregation by document
type, security class, etc., required
Limited header typiag
Equivalent throughput rate
Film must be developed and cut
Not required
Continuous flow contact print and
automatic cutting
Rapid filing. Add on by Accession No.
SECRET
No manual sequencing?machine
sorted after aperture cards
created
Indicative information must be
transcribed and converted to
machine readable form and later
transferred to aperture cards.
(approximately one item per minute)
Not required. Aperture developed
in previous step.
Machine sorted
Automatic copy reproduction of
aperture card
Slower selective filing by
Document Control No.
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The microfiche flow would allow the documents to reach
the camera sooner than the aperture card system because
it does not require an intervening data transcription
step. Once the microfiche have been cut the bulk
filing process is considerably easier than the selective
placement of aperture cards throughout the file. However,
there is a built-in processing delay because the microfiche
step-and-repeat camera records a large number of documents
for each roll of film processed. The cameras normally
operate with a 100-foot roll of 105mm microfilm which
can accumulate up to 200 microfiche (or approximately
800 items) amounting to more than one days' camera
production. Shorter microfilm rolls could be used to
shorten the time interval for getting documents into
the file, should this delay be intolerable.
On the other hand, the Filmsort system requires the
original transcription of identification data, creation
of a work card containing this data for subsequent
punching into the aperture card masters. None of these
functions are required of the microfiche system and
although part of this effort might be done in parallel
with the filming operation, some processing delay would
be involved. Furthermore, as indicated above, the manual
RATIONALE
Operational Implications
6.4.3.5.1.
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insertion of items into the file would be a slightly
slower process than for microfiche. However, these
delays would be offset by the advantage of the single
step photographic process provided by the Filmsort camera,
plus the fact that there might be some delay in creating
a workable cross reference to the proper microfiche.
Based on the foregoing discussion the following
input timing generalizations may be drawn:
- Both systems are capable of processing items into
the file within a time frame consistent with CHIVE
requirements.
- The aperture card system, although it requires
more manual effort to enter items into the file,
involves a shorter input processing time cycle
than the packed microfiche system.
6.4.3.5.2. Retrieval Timing
The procedural flow in accessing requested items
is quite similar for the two systems. Both systems
involve manual pulling from the same type of motorized
file. The Xerox Microfiche Printer and the 3M Octant
printer are still somewhat vague as to their specifications
but since they both require one-at-a-time manual insertion
of master images of documents having a bias towards a
minimal number of pages, the effective rate for either unit
would approximate operator speed. The smaller file area
RATIONALE
Operational Implications
6.4.3.5.2.
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required by the microfiche system would offer some
efficiencies of file operation, whereas the aperture cards,
by virtue of their suitability to mechanical sequencing,
would enhance the item refile rate. Although the
physical manipulation of the two file systems would seem
to be equivalent, the aperture card system would provide
a faster overall responsiveness for counter service
activity because it obviates the necessity of a cross
reference lookup. This additional function required of
the microfiche system would prolong the request turn-
around time to some degree.
6.4.3.6. File Integrity
The relative merits of both the Aperture Card and
the Microfiche systems with regard to file integrity is
discussed in Section 6.6.4.6.1. In summary, the
aperture card system has a slight advantage because
(a) the file can be periodically sequence checked on
a collator to locate misfiled items and (b) misplacement
of a unit of storage would result in only a single item
being out of file in the aperture card system, whereas
with packed microfiche from one to five items could be
effected.
RATIONALE
Operational Implications
6.4.3.6.
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6.4.3.7. Purge Capability
The analysis of susceptibility of each system to
purge activity is summarized in Section 6.6.4.7. The
relative ranking of the systems by this criterion
(Table 6-14) shows the Filmsort aperture card system to
have a rating of excellent with Packed Microfiche rated
as fair.
6.4.3.8. Security
The question of the security regulations governing
an all source document image file has not as yet been
resolved. Presumably, it would be a basic precaution
to segregate collateral and special materials into
discrete, identifiable sections of the file, in order
to facilitate proper security control. The aperture
card system, by storing documents in Document Control
Number sequence, provides an inherent division of
materials into these categories. A similar separation
could be effected in the microfiche system by keeping
collateral and special documents segregated during the
input process, thereby preventing the collocation of the
two categories on the same microfiche and even their
interposition within the same section of the file. Both
RATIONALE
Operational Implications
6.4.3.8.
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TABLE 6-14
ESTIMATE OF RELATIVE RANKING OF EASE OF FILE PURGING
System
Magnavue
Capability to Purge
Selected Items
Comments
MEDIA
Microfiche (unit
record)
Paper File
16-mm Aperture
Cards
F-1000d
Microfiche
(packed)
Cypress
Mirac ode
File search
Videofile
CRL3
Excellent
Excellent
Fair
Fair
Machine extraction of
selected items No
reprocessing required
of remaining file items
Manual extract of
selected items. No re-
processing required of
remaining file items.
Manual extraction of
selected items Some
processing of remaining
items on selected
microfiche
Machine extraction of
selected items. Re-
processing required to
remove film chip voids.
Fair Cutting and splicing of
Poor
roll film required.
Poor Machine re-write of
video tapes with some
image degradation with
each of the analog
re-writes.
Poor
New scrolls must be
prep red from cut and
spliced roll film
originals for every
updating cycle.
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systems would be equally amenable to techniques such as
color striping on the top of the card or microfiche as
an aid in visually distinguishing between various
security compartments.
6.4.3.9. Upgrading Potential
Another consideration in determining which system
is to be adopted should be an assessment of the technology
surrounding each of the storage media. Concentration of
developmental effort by manufacturers in the industry is
bound to result in the introduction of devices of
improved economy and efficiency. Furthermore, a general
acceptance of one or the other medium offers the advantage
of compatibility with other organizations processing like
documents. It is, of course, difficult to predict exactly
what the future holds for aperture card and microfiche but
there are current trends which do give some insight. At
this time, the Mil 'D' aperture card is perhaps the most
widely accepted form of microfilm storage, although there
has been a recent move towards microfiche among large
government scientific information organizations (viz.,
OTS, AEC, NASA). Aperture card standards have long
since been established and a wider variety of associated
RATIONALE
Operational Implications
6.4.3.9.
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processing devices has been developed. Microfiche has
evolved into four basic sizes and, although standards
have been adopted by the NMA, standardization among
users has not been effected. Indicative of the recent
trend towards wider industry acceptance of microfiche
has been the developmental effort in step-and-repeat
cameras(viz., Microcard, Bell and Howell, Photo Devices,
Houston Fearless) and eillargers (viz., Microcard, Xerox).
As proof that improvements to 35mm aperture card handling
equipment are continuing to be made, we need only look
to the recently announced Filmsort 2000dx camera and
the IBM Copy-Reproducer. Furthermore, the fact that
the newer, automatic systems
and Cypress) are designed to
card input and/or output, is
(viz., Magnavue, Walnut,
be compatible with aperture
an acknowledgement of the
wide acceptance of the Mil 'D' aperture
seem that
equipment
at
the present time, the 35mm
is in wider use and in a more
of development than that for microfiche
card. It would
aperture card
advanced stage
handling.
6.4.4. RECOMMENDATION SUMMARY
In this Chapter the rationale for rejection of all
but two of the candidate systems has been outlined. A
RATIONALE
Recommendation
6.4.4.
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more extensive comparison of the two remaining systems
was drawn and some of the operational implications
associated with the adoption of either system were
discussed pro and con. It is apparent from this foregoing
discussion (a) that either the Packed Microfiche or the
Filmsort 2000dx aperture card system is capable of meeting
CHIVE requirements; (b) that each has an equivalent
measure of advantages and disadvantages; and (c) that
both are fairly close in cost of operation. The final
choice as to which of the two systems is most practical
for implementation can best be made by Agency management.
The supporting data presented in this volume is intended
as a basis upon which this decision may be made.
RATIONALE
Recommendation
6.4.4.
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Chapter 6.5.
DOCUMENT STORAGE REQUIREMENTS
6.5.1. LEVELS OF STORAGE REQUIRED
During the process of evaluating various document
storage media, a simplifying assumption has been observed
that the total CHIVE corpus would be filed in some homo-
geneous storage medium. In reality, the document store
will be hybrid, consisting of some microform and some
hard copy files. Specific criteria for determining which
documents are suited for which storage medium will necessar-
ily have to be developed empirically within an operational
environment. However, certain general guidelines to the
selection of the most appropriate file medium can be
derived from the experience of currently existing systems.
Documents, currently filed within OCR, are reduced to
microfilm form or stored in the original paper copy
according to a rather complex set of rules which
have evolved over a period of time. In general, the
present criteria for excluding documents from microfilm
processing are:
STORAGE REQUIREMENTS
Levels Required
6.5.1.
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- document type (series) - certain categories
of documents of transitory or limited
intelligence value.
- document length - documents of excessive page
length such as in the existing Intellofax operation,
documents over 300 pages are not mounted in
aperture cards.
- document size - frequently document enclosures
are oversized and some alternate provision for
their retention must be made.
- document print quality - poor quality
printed pages below the threshold of proper
microfilm recording and blowback.
A further possibility exists that within the class
of documents suitable for microfilming, more than one
type of microfilm media might be employed. Since
the CHIVE documents cover such a wide range of physical
characteristics, different media might conceivably prove
more suitable for various portions of the corpus. For
example, the 35mm aperture card is more suitable for
documents under 8 pages in length than the microfiche
and conversely the microfiche offers a more effective
storage medium for lengthier documents (i.e., in the
40-60 page range). However, an effort was made to
identify one storage system capable of handling all
documents. This was done partially to facilitate
system comparison and partially because there are some
valid arguments for implementing a single standardized
STORAGE REQUIREMENTS
Levels Required
6.5.1.
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system. There are currently a number of filing systems in
operation in OCR. Many of these will continue in operation
because of the impracticality of total file conversion.
(See Section 5.5.9.) Initiation of multiple new filing
processes would only add to the myriad of files, thereby
further complicating the operation of a sole source
retrieval point. In fact, one of the major benefits to
be derived from the installation of a document delivery
system would be to standardize filing practices within
OCR. Furthermore, standardization of equipment and
procedures would result in high volume processing through
a multitude of like devices, thereby providing increased
efficiency through more flexible scheduling and improved
reliability through backup equipment availability.
Therefore, the arguments weighed heavily toward selecting
a single microfilm system which was most suitable to the
total OCR document requirement within an attractive
economic framework.
6.5.2. FILE MAINTENANCE
6.5.2.1. File Integrity
Regardless of the document delivery equipment
selected for installation, certain control procedures must
STORAGE REQUIREMENTS
File Maintenance
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be designed into the system to insure the integrity of the
file. As a design objective, document master copies,
whether hard copy or microform, will not be removed from
the file
produced
document
location
would be
for circulation. Instead, replica copies are to be
on demand
master is
after the
and distributed to the requestor. The
to be retained in its proper storage
replica copy has been produced. It
an ideal condition for the file to remain intact
during reproduction of selected items, but for those
systems where a master must be physically removed from
the file as an individual
hard copy, microfiche) or
a reel, capsule, scroll),
item
as a
(such
group
as aperture card,
of items (such as
it should be a system design
goal to minimize the out-of-file time span. Furthermore,
positive controls must be provided to prevent loss
or misplacement of a document master on refiling. An
effort has been made in configuring the candidate systems
to provide procedural adaptations to meet these general
control regulations. A discussion of the degree to which
the various systems attain these objectives is contained
in Section 6.6.4.6.
6.5.2.2. File Purging
The document delivery system should be capable
of selectively purging document masters from the store.
STORAGE REQUIREMENTS
File Maintenance
6.5.2.2.
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It is evident that a file absorbing the large input
volume predicated for the total CHIVE system would,
over a period of years, eventually become unwieldy.
For this reason, some means of regulating the active
file size should be provided. Complete destruction of
purged items is not the only alternative and the term
purging is used here to connote the relocation of
documents to successively lower levels of accessibility,
the lowest of which might be actual destruction.
Criteria for obsoleting documents have not been
formalized and experience has shown that no simple
criterion, such as age, is a valid guide for document
retirement. The survey of existing document files
(Appendix 5.D.) revealed the following Agency
purging attitudes and practices:
- In general, there is a reluctance to discard
documents once they have been filed in either
hard copy or microform. Analysis of the
hard copy files reviewed shows that, based on
the cumulative survey estimates, the total number of
items purged annually represents less than
one percent of the total number of items in the
files. It should be noted that the survey
encompassed only CHICOM sections of the file and
therefore the sample may be somewhat biased.
Since there is a natural reluctance to discard
materials relating to a denied area, this estimate
of one percent may be lower than that for the
total file inclusive of all areas. The survey
also revealed that for microfilm files the
practice has been not to purge but rather to
retain all document microimages at headquarters.
STORAGE REQUIREMENTS
File Maintenance
6.5.2.2.
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- There is an absence of definite, formalized
regulations and_practices in performing the
file purge,function. Very few of the files
undergo scheduled screening for purposes of
weeding out obsolete. items.. For the most part,
the. limited purging effort expended is applied
to active dossiers by analysts who remove
duplicated or superseded information prior to
refiling. Thus, the current purging practice
is quite limited and consists primarily of an
ad hoc determination of individual items by
an experienced analyst.
Although there is currently no logical basis for
automatic file purging, the possibility exists that some
such rationale may be developed. In any event, if
formal purging rules can be posulated, these would be
applied to the computer index to identify those items to
be downgraded in storage. Functionally, the purge require-
ment, within the document delivery context, would merely
consist of the facility to locate the specific item and
to remove it physically from the store. The degree to
which the candidate systems provide this capability is
evaluated in Section 6.6.4.7.
6.5.3. FILE ORGANIZATION
As indicated in Section 6.4.3., there are two ways
of organizing items within the document store: (a) Document
Control Number and (b) Document Accession Number Sequence.
Each method has its advantages and disadvantages and an
STORAGE REQUIREMENTS
File Organization
6.5.3.
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attempt will be made in this section to summarize the
'tradeoffs' involved. The procedural implications
involved in adopting either of the two file organizations
will be explored and the adaptability of the various
candidate systems to each filing approach will be
discussed in this section.
Essentially, the first method of ordering the file
in Document Control Number sequence requires a single
unique number to be associated with each document,
whereas the latter method involves two numbering systems
with the need of maintaining a workable cross reference
capability. A summary of some of the 'tradeoffs'
between the two approaches is included in Table 6-2.
The decision as to which file sequence is adopted
is closely dependent on the storage medium being
utilized. In general, the unitized microfilm systems
(i.e., those in which one item constitutes a discrete,
physical unit of storage) are equally adaptable to either
file sequence. This would, of course, be true of the hard
copy file as well. On the other hand, the 'clustered'
microfilm systems (i.e., those in which a group of items
are recorded on a single physical unit of storage) are
more adaptable to filing by accession number. This is
STORAGE REQUIREMENTS
File Organization
6.5.3.
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1. Pr_cadUral
a. Input
b. Output
Query Requests
Counter Service
Security
TABLE 6-2
COMPARATIVE SUMMARY OF Tux ORGANIZATIONS
rument Control Number Sequence
31over file process due to selective
storing.
No assignment of storage number
required.
No Lomalunication of storage number to
document index.
Equivalent. Index provides Document
Number
Document Storage Number Sequence
Ease of filing due to batch; add on
storage.
Storage number must be assigned (may
be automatic).
Storage number must be recorded and
transmitted to the document index
for cross reference.
Equivalent Index provides Document
Storage Number
Faster response. Direct access. No Lookup and cross reference of numbers
cross reference required. required
Results in segregation of collateral
and special materials by retention
of existing coding systems (e.g.,
USIB number, digraph code).
3. Conversion Compatible with inherited document files
TInherited files) (e.g., Intellofax, SR).
].114104
All-source materials inter-filed
Introduces new numbering system.
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true because items are grouped during the initial
photographic recording of the documents. Once recorded,
there is a degree of difficulty, varying by system type,
in rearranging the order of the documents. For systems
utilizing roll film (MIRACODE, Filesearch, CRIS) a
cumbersome amount of cutting and splicing effort is required.
Videofile would have a similar problem except that
reordering would be accomplished through selective
reproduction of document images into the specified
sequence. Systems utilizing cards or chips grouped
within a container, such as Media (capsule), Magnavue
(magazine) and Cypress (cell), also present a problem,
in that miniature sized pieces of film would have
to be manually inserted into the proper container.
Of the three, MEDIA alone has a recorded reference
number which is eye visible to facilitate manual filing.
Microfiche when used as a unitized record is equally
adaptable to either file organization but once multiple
items are stored on the same physical record it becomes
virtually impossible to change the juxtaposition of
individual items within the microfiche. For all of the
'clustered' systems the re-sequencing problem could be
somewhat alleviated by batching and pre-sorting the
STORAGE REQUIREMENTS
File Organization
6.5.3.
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documents prior to microfilming; but because of the
spasmodic arrival rate of items within a given series,
it would necessitate the microfilm process
delayed to a point inconsistent with CHIVE
requirements.
In summary, the candidate systems
to be
input timing
can be aligned
into two groups--those adaptable to either
file organization and those
number sequence only.
Adaptable to Document
Control Number
or Document Accession
Number. Sequence
Paper (file)
Aperture cards
Microfiche
method of
limited to storage
6.5.4. FILE BACKUP CAPABILITY
Provision
Adaptable to
Document Accession
Number Sequence
only
Packed Microfiche
MIRACODE
MEDIA
CRIS
Filesearch
Magnavue
Cypress
Videofile
of a backup capability for the master
document store is a major design goal. The system must
be capable of providing:
- a means of fall back (or bypass) operation in
the event of temporaryor prolonged failure to
any processing device and
STORAGE REQUIREMENTS
File Backup Capability
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- a means of reconstruction of master document
records in the event of limited loss or destruc-
tion of the main file.
The former may be accomplished either through dupli-
cation of processing devices or through an alternate
procedural approach to handling records in the file.
A temporary degradation of system performance is
tolerable but the fall back mode of operation should at
least be capable of servicing priority requests. This
capability preferably should be operable entirely within
the headquarters premises, but remote files may be employed
provided excessive degradation of responsiveness does not
result.
The reconstruction capability is to be effected by
means of a remotely located, duplicate file. This file
need not be identical in form to the main file but it
should be searchable and it should be suitable for
reconstruction of the main file in whole or in part It
should be searchable to the extent that specific items
may be located and copies provided, though not necessarily
at the same sustained volume level or the same turnaround
speed as the primary store. In summary, the function of
the Backup File is threefold:
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File Backup Capability
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- to respond_ to specific requests temporarily
unserviceable by the primary store
- to furnish replacement masters for lost or
misplaced items in the master file
- to reconstruct the master file in the event of
total destruction.
As a specific CHIVE requirement, two duplicate files
must be furnished in addition to the main document file.
- Record Center: The Record Center is an off-premises
file consisting of duplicate copies of items
contained in the primary store, as well as a
primary repository for documents selected for
off-premise storage. An arbitrary schedule
requirement specified by CHIVE is that materials
be filed such that the Record Center backup file
is not more than one week in arrears of the
primary document store. Furthermore, it is
anticipated that the current one-day service for
normal requests and one-half day service for
priority requests must be provided.
- NSA: There is currently an inter-agency agreement
whereby microfilm copies of collateral materials
(with the exception of CIA Internal Use Only
documents) are provided to NSA by MD/OCR. At
this time, NSA is provided with 16mm reel microfilm
and punched cards containing a cross-reference
between Document Control Number and the location
of the item within a specific reel (i.e., Reel and
Flash Number). It is assumed that this inter-
agency service will continue and that an equivalent
microfilm reference capability will be furnished
by the Document Delivery Subsystem. For purposes
of convenience within the scope of this report,
this inter-agency requirement is referred to
summarily as a second backup file.
STORAGE REQUIREMENTS
File Backup Capability
6.5.4.
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6.5.5. RELIABILITY REQUIREMENTS
In general, it is assumed that all equipmertbeing
considered is consistent with good commercial reliability
standards. The specific reliability characteristics of
each individual unit and the ability of each vendor to
provide proper maintenance and repair service should,
of course, be ascertained prior to actual procurement.
In addition to its inherent reliability, the system must
provide some alternate capability for processing during
periods of disablement as outlined in Section 6.5.4.
The overall system is intended for operation primarily
on a single shift basis with capability for on-demand
operation at any time. A CHIVE imposed reliability
threshhold has been established to the effect that units
should not be out of service for a period of more than
2 consecutive hours nor more than a total of 3 hours in
a single day.
6.5.6. SUMMARY OF PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
A summary of the activity volumes and response times
required of the Document Delivery Subsystem is contained
in Table 6-3. The volume figures for the Initial System
represent the projected activity requirement involved in
STORAGE REQUIREMENTS
Performance Requirements
6.5.6.
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handling CHICOM materials only. The response times have
been established as requirements for the system operating
at that level of activity.14
The volumes specified for the
Final System reflect a gross projection of processing the
total document handle. The response times for the Final
System are long range design goals which would constitute
a more stringent requirement than that specified for the
Initial System.
A brief definition of terms used in Table 6-3 is
included below:
- All activity is measured in number of documents.
- All response times are measured in minutes or hours
as indicated.
- Input response time is measured from initial
receipt of a processing copy of the document by
the Document Delivery Group until it has been
fully processed into the document image file.
- Output response time is measured from the
initiation of a demand for a specific document
either over the counter (Direct Mode) or as a
result of a computer index search (Query Mode),
until a replica hard copy of the document has
been produced for delivery.
STORAGE REQUIREMENTS
Performance Requirements
6.5.6.
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TABLE 6-3
SUMMARY OF VOLUMES AND RESPONSE TIME REQUIREMENTS
INITIAL
'MUM
TOTAL SYSTEM
Pere.
of
Total
Volume
Per
Annum
(1)
Doc.
Per Maximum.
Diem (2)
(1) Allowable
Doc. Time
Pere.
of
Total
Volume
Per
Annum
(1)
Doc.
Per
Diem
(1)
Doc.
Maximum
(2)
Allowable
Time
I. Input
1. Total Volume
a. Standard Items
b. Allowable Lag Items
90%
100,000
90,000
10% 10,000
400
360 32 hrs.
40 8o hrs.
90%
1,000,000
900,000
10% 100,000
4,000
3,600
400
16 hrs.
4o hrs.
IL Output,
1. Total Activity
Direct Mode
Counter Service
b. Query Mode
(Subject Search)
1. Priority Service
2. Standard Service
3. Antic/able Lag
Service
(3)
gO%
125,000 500
25,000 100 10 min.
(3)
80% 100,000 400
20% 25,000 loo 2 hrs.
55% 68,750 275 8 hrs.
5% 6,250 25
16 hrs.
1,25a,000 5,00c
250,000 1,000
(3)
80% 1,000,000
250,000
55% 687,500
62,500
4,000
1,000
27750
250
30 win.
4 hrs.
8 hrs.
Assume: (1) 250 work days per year assumed.
(2) Hours based on 8 work hours per 24 hour day.
(31- 20% Direct Node Activity
80% Query Mode Activity
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Chapter 6.6.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
OF CANDIDATE DOCUMENT DELIVERY SYSTEMS
The study effort was initiated in May 1964 to perform
the initial planning and design of the CHIVE document
delivery system. One necessary part of this study effort
was the review and evaluation of the alternative designs
in the light of several criteria such as cost, staff,
space, and the degree to which the design satisfied the
established requirements 14,20 as summarized in Chapter 6.2.
Because of the magnitude and complexity of the application
under study, it was important that a rather detailed and
comprehensive study be made of the many alternative
systems that were potential candidates.
The main body of this section briefly describes the
17 preliminary designs and summarizes the results of their
relative evaluation by cost, staff, space, and other
factors. CHIVE/R-1-65, which has been issued separately
provides a more detailed description and cost, space and
staff analysis for each system. Appendix 6.A. provides
ANALYSIS OF CANDIDATES
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a detailed description of the computer simulation
studies of several of the candidate systems. Appendix 6.B.
contains the detailed calculations supporting the cost,
space, and manpower ranking of the final contending
systems. Appendix 6.C. contains a narrative description
of the efforts involved in determining the ability of
the various systems to produce quality hard copy.
6.6.1. CANDIDATE SYSTEMS
Our attention was directed primarily to equipment
that was commercially available and had already been
demonstrated with working models and actual installations
Some equipment that is still under development by the
manufacturers and some modifications of existing equipment
were also considered. The systems discussed in this
report are:
- Paper file (storage of the original paper records
with duplication on demand)
- Paper file (packed shelving)
- 16mm aperture cards
- 3M Filmsort 1000d
- 3M Filmsort 1000d with rotary camera
- Microfiche (unit record)
- Microfiche (packed--i.e., multiple items per
microfiche)
ANALYSIS OF CANDIDATES
Candidate Systems
6.6.1.
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- Magnavox MEDIA (with hard copy output)
- Magnavox MEDIA (with Xerox Copyflo 11-1
- Recordak MIRACODE
- CRIS (with Xerox 1824)
- CRIS (with Xerox Copyflo 24C)
- FMA Filesearch (with hard copy output)
- FMA Filesearch (with Xerox Copyflo 11-1)
- Magnavox Magnavue
- IBM Cypress
- Ampex Videofile
Several systems were not subjected to detailed evaluation
procedures because preliminary analysis or results of prior
studies showed them to be inappropriate for this particular
application. For example, because of the high cost of the
initial film preparation, the NCR photochromic microimage
(PCMI) system does not become economically competitive
unless it is used as a microform dissemination or publica-
tion facility that distributes 50 or more copies of each
item to be filmed. Furthermore, the PCMI system does not
have a means for furnishing large volumes of hard copy
printout. The NCR representatives concur in the initial
assessment that the present PCMI system is inappropriate
for this particular application.
ANALYSIS OF CANDIDATES
Candidate Systems
6.6.1.
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The present Walnut equipment was bypassed primarily
because of its high cost for a relatively limited amount
of storage capacity. The final system would have required
some 51 Walnut Image Files to hold the specified volume
on-line. A compromise off-line system was not practical
because the Image Files have no mechanism to permit quick
and simple machine loading and unloading of cells from
shelf storage. The Walnut equipment was designed as a
custom built installation rather than as a produc-
tion item, hence the costs to provide additional units
would be inherently more expensive than the second genera-
tion equipment, (Cypress) which IBM is currently developing
and evaluating for volume production as a successor to the
Walnut system. The Cypress equipment is analyzed in this
report. The IBM representatives concur in the initial
assessment that the Walnut system is inappropriate for
this particular application.
The Minicard equipment (Eastman Kodak Company) was
felt to be inappropriate for this application primarily
because:
- its powerful and complex logical capability for
subject searching of indexed microfilm records would
not be needed for this straightforward task of on-
demand printing and removal of this superfluous
search capability through redesign would in all
probability prove too costly.
ANALYSIS OF CANDIDATES
Candidate Systems
6.6.1.
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- the equipment had limited capability for large
volume hard copy printing.
- many of the features required for this particular
application are now available on the more recent
Magnavue, a similar system developed by the
Magnavox Company.
The Magnavue equipment which reflects a more recent state
of the art and technology than the older Minicard system,
is analyzed in this report.
The detailed cost analysis of the various configura-
tions (Appendix 6A), in most cases, quotes standard GSA
catalog prices for specific equipment and supply materials,
(e.g., Recordak Micro-file Camera, Model MRD-2). This was
done, wherever possible, to attain a maximum degree of
accuracy in deriving total system costs. The equipments
and materials cited in the report were intended to be
typical (in cost and performance) of the class of units
available from various manufacturers to suit a given function.
It is not the intent of this report to endorse any unit
cited by manufacturer's name as being superior to similar
equipment available from other sources. Selection of
specific supporting equipment units is beyond the scope of
this report and must be determined on an operational level,
once the general systems approach has been determined.
ANALYSIS OF CANDIDATES
Candidate Systems
6.6.1.
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6.6.2. METHODOLOGY AND ASSUMPTIONS
The design effort concerned itself with suggesting
configurations of equipment, people, and processes that
could meet the following general requirements:
- A capability to grow easily from a relatively
small installation to a large and active file
situation.
- An eventual capability of handling 5000 item
requests* per day, one million input items per
year, and a file size of ten million items.
- A capability of providing two duplicate backup
microfilm copies of the file contents in
accordance with the current practice of furnishing
copies to Records Center and NSA.
- A capability of filling user requests with paper
copies ("hard copies") of the original file items.
Initial interest was focused on the evaluation by
cost, staff, and space, because these were some of the more
important factors, and because much of the work to obtain
these figures would still have to be done in preparing
for evaluation by other criteria. Evaluation in terms of
response time was done for several systems that seemed to
be representative of general types of systems.
Since this study concerned the relative performance
and cost of each candidate, rather than the absolute
*A "request" is defined as a demand for a single document.
Thus a user with a list of 20 documents to be furnished
would be contributing 20 "requests" as defined in this
study.
ANALYSIS OF CANDIDATES
Methodology and Assumptions
6.6.2.
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performance, an effort was made to exclude from the
analyses of cost, staff, and space, those features (such
as management) that would be about the same for all
candidates. The following operations were omitted from
the analysis because it was assumed that the same opera-
tions would be performed in all candidate systems with
AO
about the same demands for money, space, and people:
ow - Quality control and rework
- Preparation for filming (assign serial no., remove
staples, etc.)
- Disposition of original document after filming
mp
- Pre-processing of requests (taking the order,
routing it to proper file station)
4.11
- Collating hard copy with associated request and
packaging for delivery
wia
a*
tog
- Management and supervision
- Preparation of maintenance of cross-reference
indexes to backup files or machine address files
- Storage and maintenance of backup files.
No costs were included for the possible conversion of the
existing files. These costs can be added relatively
easily at some later date if it becomes appropriate. No
costs were figured for waste material (e.g., paper, film).
Each candidate system was examined in detail to
determine what staff, equipment, and materials were
ANALYSIS OF CANDIDATES
Methodology and Assumptions
6.6.2.
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required. Considerable survey and experimental work was
done to establish elemental processing rates and material
costs for all of the major processes. The elemental times
and cost figures were used to develop a cost function for
each candidate to predict the upper and lower cost bounds
of that system under different operating conditions. A
computer program was written to evaluate the cost functions
at several different operating points. Separate configura-
tions were established, and the candidates evaluated at
what amounts to three different points in the growth
cycle of the CHIVE system:
- Initial system (500 requests per day, 100,000
input items per year, file size of one-half
million file items),
- Intermediate system (3000 requests per day,
500,000 input items per year, file size of
five million file items),
- Final system (5000 requests per day, one million
input items per year, file size of ten million
file items).
The costs, staff, and space requirement (optimistic and
pessimistic) were determined for each candidate for each
of these three situations and the results are described in
Sections 6.6.4.1. to 6.6.4.3. of this report and in
CHIVE/R-1-65.
ANALYSIS OF CANDIDATES
Methodology and Assumptions
6.6.2.
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As a means of checking the validity of the candidate
configurations, computer models were constructed for eight
representative systems at both the initial and the final
points on the growth cycle. Simulation permitted the introduc-
tion into the analysis of the elements of priority and the
random arrival rate of transactions. Only the output
procedural flow of these systems was simulated,
since the output timing and interrupt requirements
were the most stringent. The transaction rate of the
various request types, representative of the volumes
postulated in the system requirements section (Section
6.5.6.), were imposed upon the various system configuration
models and the responsiveness of each system was measured
accordingly.
For purposes of simulation, the document requests were
classified according to type as follows:
- Query Mode Requests: demands on the document store
as a result of normal subjective search of the
computer index. Within this class of transaction
there were two levels of responsiveness:
- Normal: lowest level of urgency, processed
on a first-in-first-out (FIFO) basis
- Priority: next highest level of urgency
which took precedence over Normal Query Mode
Requests only.
ANALYSIS OF CANDIDATES
Methodology and Assumptions
6.6.2.
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- Counter Service Requests: demands on the document
store imposed by directly identifying the specific
document(s) required. This class had the highest
urgency and the most stringent response requirement
and therefore pre-empted all other transactions
types in demanding processing facilities. Counter
Service Requests were subclassified as:
- Single Requests: a top priority request for
an individual document
- Burst Mode Requests: for purposes of evaluating
the ability of the various systems to respond
to a sudden influx of high priority transactions,
demands for a batch of documents (arbitrarily
set at 20 documents per batch, called a 'burst')
were imposed at random intervals on the simula-
tion models.
The number of requests in each type are specified
below.
Initial System Final System
- Query Mode Requests
- Normal 320 items 3200 items
- Priority 80 800
- Counter Service
Requests
- Single Requests 80 800
- Burst Requests (1 for) 20 " (10 for)200
UI
Total 500 items 5000 items
By imposing the above patterns of activity on the
initial and final system configurations respectively, a
ANALYSIS OF CANDIDATES
Methodology and Assumptions
6.6.2.
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theoretical measure of the responsiveness of each system
was derived. The methodology, assumptions and results of
the simulation effort are described in Appendix 6.A. A
summary of results is included in Section 6.6.4.4. of
this report.
6.6.3. FILE CHARACTERISTICS
The input documents are primarily hard
records that come from a variety of sources
copy textual
and range
from poor to high quality in printing, generally from
typewritten material on white paper prepared on offset
or spirit duplicators or Xerox copying equipment. No
maps, photographs, or other high resolution records are
meant to be included in the system.
The records have the following distribution by
physical size.28
Size of original page
Percent of Total File
(in Documents)
Letter size and smaller
( 41 8 1/2 by 11 in.) 77.5
Greater than letter size but
( 8 1/2 by 14 in.)
Approximately 20 percent
of the pages
on the back side of the page as well
side.
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as on
22.5
are printed
the front
ANALYSIS OF CANDIDATES
File Characteristics
6.6.3.
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The:documents have the following distribution by
page size.
No. of printed Percent of Cumulative Percentage
pages per Total of Total Documents
document Documents
1
46.5
46.5
2
19.7
66.2
3
9.8
76.0
4
3.8
79.8
5
3.2
83.0
6
1.9
84.9
7
1.2
86.1
8
1.1
87.2
9
1.3
88.5
10
0.9
89.4
11
0.9
90.3
12
0.6
90.9
13-18
2.6
93.5
19-24
1.1
94.6
25-32
0.9
95.5
33
4.5
100.0
OOP
No documents are expected to exceed 1,000 pages.
The average number of pages is 7.62; the distribution
by physical size and number of pages is assumed to be
the same for both the input material and the requested
items.
Hard copy is to be provided to the user in response
to his document request.
Two microform copies of all incoming file items*
will be provided for external use (Records Center, NSA).
*Certain items (e.g., Special, Internal use only collateral)
are not supplied to NSA. For purposes of cost comparison,
a simplifying assumption has been made that dual backup
is required for all documents.
ANALYSIS OF CANDIDATES
File Characteristics
6.6.3.
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All manual unit record microform systems must
provide a printed description (e.g., serial number),
readable without special aids, as a permanent part (e.g.,
affixed or punched) of each unit-record used as the file
copy. Examples of such identification are the printing
at the top of an aperture card or microfiche.
In the system configurations postulated, where
parallel processing stations are required (e.g., multiple
file stations), it is assumed that the requests will be
distributed among them in a uniformly random distribution.
6.6.4. RESULTS
6.6.4.1. Results of the Cost Analysis
The estimated costs for each of the candidates at
each of the three operating situations are illustrated
in Figures 6-3. The upper and lower cost bounds reflect
the variance or precision of our elemental time and
cost data for each candidate. The relative rankings by
optimistic costs are given in Table 6-4. As mentioned
earlier, (Section 6.6.2.), these are not the total costs
to operate each system since the costs common to all systems
have not been included.
6.6.4.2. Results of the Manpower Analysis
The estimated total manpower required for each of
the candidates at the three operating situations is given
ANALYSIS OF CANDIDATES
Results
6.6.4.2.
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500 REQUESTS/DAY
100,000/YR. INPUT
1/2 MILL ITEM FIL
3,000 REQUESTS/ DAY
500,000/YR. INPUT
5 MILL ITEM FILE
CYPRESS
5,000 REQUEST/DAY
1 MILL / YR INPUT
10 MILL ITEM FILE
MICROFICHE
(PACKED, XEROX PRINTER)
SYSTEM GROWTH --10.
Figure 6-3
ANNUAL OPERATING COSTS OF FIVE OF THE CANDIDATE SYSTEMS
1,500,000
ANNUAL
COST ( 8 )
1,000,000
500,000
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S-E-C-R-E-T
int
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500 REQUESTS/DAY
100,000/YR. INPUT
1/2 MILL ITEM FILE
3,000 REQUESTS/DAY
500,000/YR. INPUT
5 MILL ITEM FILE
MAGNAVUE
5,000 REQUESTS/DAY
I MILL/YR INPUT
10 MILL ITEM FILE
?1,500,000
ANNUAL
COST( S
?1,000,000
????? ?
???????
OOOOO ?????
OOOOOO ????
SYSTEM GROWTH
Fig. 6-3 (cont'd)
ANNUAL OPERATING COSTS OF TWO OF THE CANDIDATE SYSTEMS
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500,000
0
Approved For Release 2000/04PaTtlkiRD1378-03952A000100060001-6
5,000 REQUEST/DAY
I MILL /YR. INPUT
10 MILL ITEM FILE
FILESE ARCH
( HARD COPY OUTPUT)
500 REQUESTS/DAY
100,000/YR. INPUT
1/2 MILL ITEM FILE
3,000 REQUESTS! DAY
500,000/YR. INPUT
5 MILL ITEM FILE
MIRACODE
1,500,000
ANNUAL
COST 8)
1,000,000
500,000
SYSTEM GROWTH --ow
Fig. 6-3 ( CrIr` t. )
ANNUAL OPERATING COSTS OF FOUR OF THE CANDIDATE SYSTEMS
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Approved For Release 2000/041-1Et-PEXAERDP78-03952A00010006ApOhquurs
500 REQUESTS/DAY
100,000/YR INPUT
1/2 MILL ITEM FILE
3,000 REQUESTS/DAY
500,000/YR. INPUT
5 MILL ITEM FILE
MICROFICHE
5,000 REQUEST/DAY
I MILL / YR INPUT
10 MILL ITEM FILE
-1,500,000
ANNUAL
COST ( S )
SYSTEM GROWTH -IP.
PAPER
Fig. 6-3 (cohed)
ANNUAL OPERATING COSTS OF FOUR OF THE CANDIDATE SYSTEMS
-1n3-
- 500,000
0
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Approved For Release 2kr664I14 : CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
in Table 6-5. As with the cost analysis, the manpower
required to perform the functions common to all candidates
has not been included.
6.6.4.3. Results of the Space Analysis
The estimated total space required for each of the
candidates at the three operating situations is given in
Table 6-6. As with the cost analysis, the space required
to perform the functions common to all candidates has not
been included.
ANALYSIS OF CANDIDATES
Results
6.6.4.3.
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6.6.4.4. Results of the Analysis of Response Times
The results of the analysis of the several systems
chosen for computer simulation indicated that except
for a few marginal cases, all of the systems tested met
the original specifications for the
to requests for hard copy output in
speed of response
the query mode for
both the initial and the total system. Because of the
similarity of the remaining systems to the ones that were
tested, it appears that essentially all of the systems
would be able to provide the output response speeds required
for the query mode in both the initial and the total systems.
Furthermore, it appears that all of the systems will also
be able to meet the requirements for input response times
required for both the initial and total systems.
However, the simulation efforts indicated that none
of the systems tested was able to meet the specification
that all counter service requests must be serviced in
10 minutes or less in both the initial and final system.
The various systems ranged from 0 to 91 percent for
servicing counter requests in 10 minutes or less. A graphic
presentation of the theoretical counter service response
times for the various systems is included in Figures 6-4 and
6-5 in this report. In addition, a summary of simulation
results for both counter service and query requests with
a ranking by average response time is included as follows:
ANALYSIS OF CANDIDATES
Results
6.6.4.4.
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-90T-
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Big 100
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Table 6-7 Initial System - Counter Requests
(Including bursts)
6-8
6-9
6-10
6-11
Initial System - Query Requests
(including Normal and Priority)
Total System - Counter Requests
(including bursts)
Total System - Query Requests
(including Normal and Priority)
Degree to which Simulated Systems
meet the CHIVE Output Performance
Specifications
More detailed information regarding the simulation
effortsrisgiven in Appendix 6.A.
ANALYSIS OF CANDIDATES
Results
6.644
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SECRET
TABLE 6-7
SIMULATION RESULTS - INITIAL SYSTEM
Transit Times - Counter Service Requests (inc. Bursts)
System
Average
Thruput
Time
(min)
Thruput
Under
5
Minutes
Time Distribution
Under Under
10 15
Minutes Minutes
(by Percentage)
Under Under
20 25
Minutes Minutes
Maximum Average
Under Thruput Overflow
30 Time time
Minutes (min) (min)
Cypress
7.6
0.0
90.1
100.0
12.0
MEDIA
12.0
0.0
54.o
69.2
82.4
92.1
100.0
29.0
16mm Aperture
15.8
0.0
48.4
52.8
67.1
72.3
88.3
34.5
Miracode
16.9
12.4
45.5
51.8
54.7
73.8
88.1
38.5
Filmsort 1000d
17.6
0.0
45.9
54.1
56.1
73.4
74.4
35.0
CRIS
20.6
0.0
43.5
54.6
56.5
57.5
59.9
36.5
Packed Microfiche
26.3
0.0
3.7
15.3
33.3
52.8
66.7
40.2
Magnavue
67.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
67.7
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Approved For Release 2000/04/14sW-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
TAME 6-8
SUTRY Op SIMULATION RESULTS - INITIAL SYSTEM
Transit Times - Query Requests (inc. Priority)
Average
Thruput
Time
(min)
Thru ut Time Distributioi
by Percentage
Maximum Average
Thruput Overflow
Time Time
(min) min)
10.0
UnderUnder
20
Minutes
4o
Minutes
Under
6o
Minutes
.. Under
80
Minutes
Under
loo
Minutes
Under
120
Minutes
-j1:):r2e3s
5.9
loo.o
7.1
97.4
(-)
10.0
Fi:msc)rt 1000d
11,8
85.2
98.8
loo,o
60.0
16= Aperture
11.8
83.9
Q7
I
99.9
100.0
8o .o
Miraco,ae
16.1
73
91.0
96.7
98.7
99.1
99.6
160.0
C=S
22.7
53.7
86.5
96.4
99.8
100.0
loo .o
Packed Microfie'lle
2T00
33.0
86.5
98.9
ino.o
100.0
Magnavue
64.9
0.0
14.3
45.3
75.o
94.0
99.4
14o.o
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p 1 1 1 1 1
I i I I I tilt I IL It I i
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SECRET
TABLE 6-9
SUMMARY OF SIMULATION RESULTS - TOTAL SYSTEM
Transit Times - Counter Service Requests (inc. Bursts)
?
System
Average
Thruput
Time
(min)
Thruput Time Distribution (by Percentage)
Maximum
Thruput
Time
(min)
Average
Overflow
Time
(min)
Under Under Under Under Under
5 lo 15 20 25
Minutes Minutes Minutes Minutes Minutes
Under
30
Minutes
MEDIA
7.1
0.0
91.2
94.2
96.9?
100.0
25.0-
Cypress
8.4
0.0
77.6
99.1
100.0
19.0
CRIS
9.3
0.0
71.6
98.2
100.0
20.0
16mm Aperture
10.2
0.0
68.3
86.o
93.3
96.0
98.2
35.0
Filmsort 1000d
10.3
0.0
65.8
85.7
92.4
96.2
98.7
31.4
Packed Microfiche
13.5
0.0
13.8
74.6
98.1
100.0
24.0
Miracode
14.6
11.1
53.8
63.7
70.3
78.2
87.o
36.8
magnavue
99.7
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
150.0
99.7
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S7,1MAR71?: OF 02,HJLATIJN RESM323 -
M4,,n
1,L11-40 - Query Requests
inc. Prior4
TABLE 6-10
System
Average
Thruput
Time
min)
Thruput Time Tristributio:1_22atItEL4_
-7
Under 'zLd.er Under
Go 80 100
nutes Minutes Minutes
Under
120
Minutes
Maximum Average
Thruput Overflow
Time Time
min min
Under TIder
20 40
Minutes Minute
Media
Cypress
7.4
7.6
98.2
100.0
100.0
40.0
20.0
CRIS
13,5
85.0
98.9
100.0
50.0
Packed Mlcrofich
14.2
98.0
100,0
30.0
Filmsort 1000d
19.4
62.9
70.3
98.4
99.9
100.0
90.0
Miracode
22.0
66.3
85.0
91.8
95.4
97.5
98.5
180.0
16mm Aperture
22.7
55.8
83.1
96.1
100.0
80.0
Magnavue
104.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
54.3
69.8
170.0
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TABLE 6-11
THE SIMULATED SYSTEMS
vs
THE CHIVE OUTPUT PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS
TOTAL SYSTEM
Specifications MEDIA Cypress
min. % min. . % ,min.
QUERY MODE
Priority (800)* loo 30 loo 25 lop 16
Av. = 6.4 Av. = 6.9
Priority + Normal
(4000)
COUNTER SERVICE
90
100
Av. =
20
4o
7.4
90
100
Av. =
10
20
7.6
All (80o)
100
10
91.2
10
77.6
10
100
25
100
19
Av. =
7.1
Av. =
8.4
Bursts of 20 Requests
90
20
90
14
(10 bursts)
100
25
100
19
Av. =
9.8
Av. =
11.6
INITIAL SYSTEM
QUERY MODE
Priority (80)
loo
120
100
30
100
10
Av. =
6.7
Av. =
5.9
Priority + Normal
(400)
90 20
100 40 loo lo
Av. = 7.1 Av. = 5.9
COUNTER SERVICE
All (8o) loo lo 54 lo 90.7 lo
loo 29 loo 12
Av. = 12 Av. = 7.6
Bursts of 20 Requests
(I burst)
100 29 100 12
19.9 Ay. = 9.5
Av.
AThe numbers in parentheses are the number of requests per day that
are to be processed in this mode.
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CRIS
16-mm
Aperture
Card
0 mmn.
Filmsort
1000d
min.
Niracode
min.
Magnamn.min.
100 28
96.8
loo
30
6o
89.5
loo
30
6o
93.1 30
loo 89
o 30
loo 170
Av. = 9.7
Av. =
11.5
Av. =
15
Av. = 12
Av. = 104.8
90 30
90
50
90
30
90 60
o 30
loo 5o
loo
80
loo
90
loo 280
loo 170
Av. = 13.5
Av. =
22.7
Av. =
19.4
Av. = 22
Av. = 104.8
71.6 10
68.3
10
65.8
10
53.7 10
o 10
100 20
98.2
30
98.7
30
87 30
100 150
100 n.a.
100 n.a.
100 n.a.
Av. = 9.3
Av. =
10.2
Av. =
10.3
Av. = 14.6
Av. = 99.7
go 14
90
27
90
22
46.9 30
0 30
100 17
100 n.a.
100 n.a.
100 n.a.
100 140
Av. = 11.3
Av. =
12.9
Av. =
12.3
Av. = 31.5
Av. = 100.9
100 50
100
42
loo
59
100 82
loo 140
Av. = 11.9
Av. =
9.1
Av. =
10.1
Av. = 11.1
Av. = 64.9
90 50
90
30
90
30
90 40
90 loo
loo loo
100
80
loo
60
100 160
loo 140
Av. = 22.7
Av. =
11.8
Av. =
11.8
Av. = 16.1
Av. = 64.9
43,5 10
48 4
10
45.9
10
45.5 10
o 10
100 n.a.
100 n.a.
100 n.a.
100 30
100 130
Av. = 20.6
Av. =
15.8
Av. =
17.6
Av. = 16.9
Av. = 67.6
0 30
72.7
30
40
30
77.8 30
0 30
100 n.a.
100 n.a.
100 n.a.
100 n.a.
100 130
Av. = 36.6
Av. = 26.2
Av. =
30
Av. = 28
Av. - 74.6
Note: n.
= data not available.
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6.6.4.5. Results of Analysis of Hard Copy Characteristics
Of the eleven candidate systems described in
CHIVE/R-2-64 Interim Report, dated August 1964, six were
available for some additional 'hands-on' testing. Those
six were: Microfiche, MEDIA, Miracode, 16mm aperture
card, CRIS, and Filmsort 1000d. Several of the systems
were still in development (e.g., Videofile, Magnavue) and
were not available for testing. However, it was felt
that some of the results could be extrapolated to cover
the systems not specifically tested.
The primary reason for this 'hands-on' testing was
to observe the quality of the hard copy blowbacks
produced by each of the units. It had been planned also
to observe actual processing rates through various
equipment units but this did not prove feasible because
of the limited availability of most of the units and
because of the artificial circumstances of processing
an experimental batch of documents. The results of the
comparison of the hard copy characteristics is included
in Table 6-12. A narrative report on the testing effort
is included in Appendix 6.C.
ANALYSIS OF CANDIDATES
Results
6.6.4.5.
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TABLE 6-12
CHARACTERISTICS OF HARD COPY OUTPUT
System
16-mm aperture cards with
Photostat printer (present
OCR system)
Microfiche
Miracode
F-1000d with Xerox 240
Printer
MEDIA with hard copy output
F-1000d with Quadrant Printer
Paper system
16-mm aperture cards with
Quadrant printer
MEDIA with Copyflo 11-1
CRIS with Xerox 1824
CRIS with Copyflo 240
Filesearch with hard copy
output
File search with Copyflo 11-1
Mhgnavue with Xerox 24C
Cypress with Xerox 240
Videofile
Overall User Rankini No. of Generations
of Output Quality from Original
2
3
43
5
6
n.a.4
n.a.
n.a.
nos.
noa.
noa.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
2
2-3
2
2-3
2
2-3
1
2-3
3
4
2
3
3
14
NOTES: n.a. = not available
1. Where ranges are given, the minimum value corresponds to the
case where the master unit record is sent to the print station,
the maximum value corresponds to the case where a throw-away
film copy is sent to the print station.
2. These ratios assume 4 by 14 in. pages, and represent figures
for the specific configurations considered in this report. The
ratios can probably be made any designated value from 0.5 -
1.0 for any system at little cost or developmental effort.
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Output Size
Input Size 2
Maximum Reduction Ratio
for Working File
Output Resolution
Q.66
16:1
6.16
o.6
18:1
8.30
0.75
27:1
4.66
0.93
24:1
n.a.
0.95
30:1
2077
0.78
24:1
5.76
1.0
o.66
none
16:1
n.a,
n.a.
0.95
30:1
n.a.
0.71
29:1
0.71
29:1
n.a.
0.57
24:1
n.a.
0.83
24:1
n.a.
0.96
25:1
n.a.
n.a.
44.5:1
n.a.
3. These systems were included only for the hard copy comparison.
They are not discussed in any other sections of the report.
4. During the survey of document copy quality, test samples were
processed through three paper duplicators (Xerox 914 Copier,
Copytron 2000 and SCM 33 Electrostatic Copier). Although
these were not included in the User Consensus Survey, the
observed quality produced from all three units was at least as
good as that produced by any of the six microfilm to hard copy
systems included in the ranking.
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6.6.4.6. Analysis of File Integrity
Although file integrity is a significant system
parameter, it is a rather intangible concept which defies
any valid quantitative measurement. Many of the elements
which contribute to the 'integrity' of a file consist of
design and procedural innovations imposed in an operational
environment. Still there are those characteristics,
inherent to the file media themselves, which provide the
systems with a variable degree of adaptability to
positive control of file items. Three such characteristics
shall be suggested here as a basis for evaluating the
various classes of systems. These are:
- the susceptibility of the system to loss or misfile
- the length of time an active item is 'out of file'
- and the amount of file effected by the removal of
a single item.
These constitute qualitative as well as quantitative
criteria in measuring file integrity and consequently
an absolute, objective ranking of systems is not practical.
In lieu of such a ranking, each of the classes of systems
will be briefly discussed relative to the three measures
of file integrity postulated above.
ANALYSIS OF CANDIDATES
Results
6.6.4.6.
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6.6.4.6.1. Manual Systems
All of these systems as configured in this report
are characterized by manual removal of a unit record
from the file, processing in the file area (i.e., contact
duplication or enlargement printing) and immediate
refiling of the item. This is a design precaution imposed
in an effort to reduce the probability of misfile as well as
the amount of time out of file. Operation of these
files in a batch mode would allow, in most cases, for
centralized processing of requests on high speed equipment
with a resultant cost reduction. All of these systems
could be considered to have the same degree of inherent
file integrity with the following qualifications.
- Aperture card systems (both 16mm and 35mm) have
a slight advantage over other unit record systems
in that they are machine processable, allowing
for presorting of items before filing (at initial
input) as well as mechanical sequence checking of
the file (periodically).
- Although all systems can regularly furnish hard
copy without requiring that the master record
leave the custody of the main file area, the
Packed Microfiche configuration described in this
report calls for removal of the master record to
a central enlargement processor prior to refile,
rather than the remote production of a throwaway
copy at the file for central processing. This
interval to some degree. This is similar to
current OCR proactice, however, and no resultant
file integrity problem has been observed.
ANALYSIS OF CANDIDATES
Results
6.6.4.6.
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- In all systems except the Packed Microfiche the
items are discretely separated so that removal of
an item results in that item alone being out of
file. With the Packed Microfiche system removal
of a single fiche causes from 1-5 items to be
out of file. Although this compares somewhat
unfavorably with the other manual systems, it
compares favorably with most of the semi-
automatic and automatic systems in this regard.
6.6.4.6.2. Semi-automatic Systems
This class of file media is also characterized by
manual fetch and store in response to request activity and
consequently is vulnerable to misfile to a same degree.
However, these systems involve substantially fewer physical
units in storage (see Table 6-13) and occupy a more compact
filing space than the manual systems. Presumably, the
probability of loss or misfile of a cluster (scroll,
roll, cartridge, capsule) of records would be reduced.
Furthermore, three of these systems (CRiS, Filesearch and
MIRACODE) utilize a continuous reel mode of storage thus
eliminating the possibility of misplacement of an item
within the cluster. MEDIA alone, among this class,
utilizes discrete storage elements within the cluster
(viz, cards within a capsule). Although individual cards
may be removed from a capsule, there is no need to do
so in normal processing and procedural safeguards could
ANALYSIS OF CANDIDATES
Results
6.6.4.6.2.
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TABLE 6-13
TOTAL NUMBER OF PHYSICALLY SEPARATE RECORDS STORED IN FINAL SYSTEM
System.
Number of Physically Separate Records
Stored in File of Final S stem
CRIS
Videofile
Magnavue
Filesearch
MIRACODE
Cypress
MEDIA
Microfiche (packed)
Microfiche (unit record)
Paper File
16-mm Aperture Cards
F-1000d
237 scrolls
294 rolls
4,350 magazines,
(13,050,000 chips)
11,900 rolls
26,300 magazines
74,500 cells
(2,380,000 chips)
137,000 magazines
(27,390,000 chips)
2,700,000 cards
10,000,000 cards
10,000,000 documents,
(76,200,000 pages)
12,930,000 cards
17,490,000 cards
NOTE: All of the Systems can regularly furnish hard copy without
requiring that the master record leave the custody of the
main file area.
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insure the same degree of invulnerability to loss as the
other three members of this class.
For these systems, the time out of file is dependent
on the mounting and searching time which in turn is a
function of the size of the record cluster (i.e., the
number of items to be searched). CRIS and Filesearch have
larger, more cumbersome storage elements which require a
longer mount and search time cycle. In fact, these
systems are more suitable for
serial polling through file.
rapid average search time (17
(2.5 minutes), but the weight
batch processing with
CRIS has much more
seconds) than Filesearch
of the CRIS scroll cartridge
(approximately 40 lbs) introduces an operator fatigue
factor which makes random processing throughout the
file completely impractical. (A similar problem exists
for the
storage
on-line
Videofile system.) However, since these
elements are either in file bins or mounted
on a search unit, they may be considered as not
being out of file at all. MEDIA and MIRACODE are
similar in the sense that they both utilize small, readily
handled microfilm containers capable of being mounted
and searched rapidly. For this reason, they are both
amenable to a random mode of searching. The MIRACODE
ANALYSIS OF CANDIDATES
Results
6.6.4.6.2.
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system is designed around the concept of a single
operator responsible for fetching and searching within a
specific segment of the file. This operator pulls,
mounts, searches and refiles cartridges which are stored
in files located within reach. With this mode of opera-
tion the out-of-file time is virtually eliminated and
the probability of misfiling is greatly reduced. The
MEDIA system, as configured in this report, involves
several clerks operating the storage bins and delivering
the appropriate capsule to one of a group of search operators
on a unit availability basis. This results in a slightly
increased out-of-file interval caused by double handling and
introduces the problem of identifying the search unit
which is processing a particular out of file capsule.
However, because of the rapid turnaround time achieved
by the MEDIA system, it would appear that this out of
file situation would not present a severe problem.
6.6.4.6.3. Automatic Systems
The Videofile system is somewhat analogous to the
Filesearch system in terms of file integrity. It involves
a large number of records per file element (viz, a reel
of Videotape), manual mounting and filing, and relatively
long reel search time. (The time required to search a
ANALYSIS OF CANDIDATES
Results
6.6.4.6.3.
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7200 foot reel of videotape is approximately 4.8 minutes.)
Comments relating to the Filesearch system would apply
equally to the Videofile system.
Magnavue and Cypress are quite similar to one another
with regard to control of file items since both possess
the following common design characteristics:
- All items are on line within a self-contained system
containing an access mechanism which can be directed
to any portion of the file.
- Automatic fetching and refiling of storage clusters
(viz, magazine or cell) along with automatic
selection of specific items within the cluster under
computer control.
Both systems provide a high degree of file integrity by
eliminating human intervention in the file manipulation
process, by enclosing the total file within an on-line
controlled environment, and by reducing the fetch,
process, and refile cycle.
6.6.4.7. Results of Analysis of File purgin2 Capability
The various systems differ in the ease with which
material can be permanently removed (purged) from their
files. Some manual unit record systems (e.g., the paper
or aperture card files) are purged very simply by
locating the record in question and removing it from the
files. No processing of the remaining items is required.
ANALYSIS OF CANDIDATES
Results
6.6.4.7.
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Purging of the roll microfilm systems is more difficult--
requiring the locating, cutting, and splicing of film.
Purging of other microforms which pack or assemble several
items together on the same physical record is more difficult,
and usually requires some re-processing of the remaining
file items. An estimate of the relative ranking of the
systems' ease of file purging is shown in Table 6-14.
6.6.4.8. Results of Analysis of System Reliability
Little definite data can be given at this time
describe the reliability expected for each system.
to
However,
a few generalizations with regard to the equipment can be
made. First, it can be assumed that all units will be
engineered to meet normal reliability standards for
commercially available equipment. Secondly, few of
them give any indication that the system availability
would be severely hampered by a normal amount of down
time for particular pieces of equipment. Thirdly, in
addition to considering the 'mean-time-to-failure' as a
measure of reliability, the 'mean-time-to-repair' is a
another parameter for measuring reliability. Prior
to procurement of any system, both of these measures should
be demonstrated favorably by the equipment suppliers.
It is possible that a vendor may have some difficulty
ANALYSIS OF CANDIDATES
Results
6.6.4.8.
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in providing the necessary parts and services for a particular
unit. The previously cited instance of one of the CRIS
scroll preparation units being inoperative for a two
month period is an extreme example. The fourth generalization
is that the less centralized the system, the more gracefully
the total system performance degrades as one or more units
becomes inoperative. The loss of a single MEDIA output
station is less disruptive to total system output, for
example, than the loss of one of the central processors
on the Magnavue or Cypress systems. In several of the
systems the output system is completely disabled if a
particular piece of equipment is inoperative. This
sensitivity to equipment failure can be reduced by the
introduction of parallel equipment where appropriate.
Table 6-15 lists the critical output units of each
system, and shows the additional cost required to reduce
this sensitivity to disabled equipment. This same type
of analysis was not applied to the input equipment since the
response time and availability demands are not as severe
as for the output equipment.
ANALYSIS OF CANDIDATES
Results
6.6.4.8.
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TABTP. 6-15
SENSITIVITY OF SYSTEM PERFORMANCE TO LOSS OF CRITICAL OUTPUT UNITS
System
Paper System
16-mm
Filmsort 1000d
Microfiche
Microfiche
Most Critical Output Units
Degradation of System Performance Resulting from
Loss of Any One of the Critical Output Units
Initial Final
Annual Cost to
Provide a
Spare Unit
Additional Annual Cost to Keep
System from Being Completely
Disabled by the Loss of
Critical Output Units
Initial Final
MEDIA
MEDIA (with Copyflo 11-1)
MEDIA (with Copyflo 11-1)
Miracode
CRIS (with Xerox 1824)
CRIS (with Xerox 1824)
CRIS (with Copyflo 2)1-C)
CRIS (with Copyflo 2)1-C)
Filesearch
File search with Copyflo
Filesearch (with Copyflo
Magnavue
Magnavue
Cypress
Cypress
Videofile
Copytron
Quadrant
Quadrant
Ektaline
2000
printer
printer
Processor, card developer
Enlarger, Ektaline processor, card
developer
Selector-Reproducer
Paper cutter
Copyflo 11-1
File Station
Xerox 1824
Xerox 1824, CRIS viewers
Xerox 24C
Xerox 24C, CRIS viewers
Flexowriter
11-1) Flexowriter
11-1) Flexowriter, Copyflo 11-1
Xerox 24C
Xerox 24C, 026 keypunch, Magnavue
components
Xerox 24C, Cypress output unit
Xerox 24C, 026 keypunch, Cypress
components
Printers
Completely disabled
1/2 loss in capacity
1/2 loss in capacity
Completely disabled
1/3 loss in capacity
Completely disabled
1/4 loss in capacity
Completely disabled
Completely disabled
1/8 to 1/10 loss in capacity ,;') 1,255
1/15 to 1/20 loss in capacity 559
1/14 to 1/16 loss in capacity 559
Completely disabled 4,422; 165
18,000; 4422
165
1/21 to 1/24 loss in capacity 7,580
1/2 loss in capacity 425
9,600
1/32 loss in capacity 4,690
1/7 loss in capacity 3,300
3,300; 7100
1/2 loss in capacity 18,000
18,000; 7100
Completely disabled Completely disabled
Completely disabled
Completely disabled
Completely disabled
Completely disabled
1/2 loss in capacity
1/2 loss in capacity
Completely disabled 1/2 loss in capacity
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94o
940
940; 9600
18,000
18,000; 720; ?
18,000; ?
18,000; 720; ?
50,000 est.
$1,255
4,587
22, 587
9,600
10,400
25,100
940 940
10,540
18,720 +
18,720 +
50,000 est.
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Appendix 6.A.
COMPUTER SIMULATION OF
CANDIDATE DOCUMENT DELIVERY SYSTEMS
The reason for employing simulation techniques
in the document delivery system study is two-fold:
- to validate the equipment configura-
tions postulated for cost comparison
in Cost Analysis Section of the report
and
- to measure the performance capability
of each candidate configuration in its
responsiveness to highvolume reference
activity.
The candidate systems, as originally configured,
reflected an ability to cope with a given average
daily input/output activity rate, whereas through
simulation the use of random arrival rates and the
added operating complicafion of transaction priority
was introduced. Each system was defined in terms
of a mathematical model and both normal and prior-
ity transactions were imposed randomly on the model.
Input activity was not simulated since this is
essentially a FIFO batch operation without priority
COMPUTE SIMULATION
6.A.
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interrupt and the validity of the input processing
configurations can be demonstrated by direct arith-
metic calculation. Furthermore, camera processing
rates for all systems are similar and Simulation
of one typical input configuration (MEDIA) indicated
that the throughput time achieved was well within
specified time requirements (CHIVE-W/17-64). There-
fore, it was decided that simulation of the various
input processes as a measure of relative system
efficiency was not warranted.
Output activity is not only subject to more
stringent timing restrictions but also involves
multi-levels of priority with an implicity interrupt
capability. Therefore, simulation was adopted as
a necessary means of proving the soundness of the
configurations of people and equipment postulated.
It also served as a means of quantitatively rating
the response performance of the various systems.
COMPUTER SIMULATION
Basic Model Descriptions
6.A.
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6.A.1. BASIC MODEL DESCRIPTIONS
Each system was evaluated for request respon-
siveness at two discrete levels of system evolution.
These two points were chosen as bench marks for
purposes of comparison and were referred to through-
out the report as the Initial System and the Final
System, described generally as follows:
Initial Final
File Size (items)
500,000
10,000,000
New items per year
100,000
1,000,000
Doc. Requests per day
500
5,000
The document requests were classified according
to type as follows:
(a) Query Mode Requests - Demands on the docu-
ment store as a result of normal subjective
search of the computer index. Within this
class of transaction there were two levels
of responsiveness:
(1) Normal - lowest level of urgency, pro-
cessed on a first-in-first-out basis
(2) Priority - next highest level of
urgency taking precedence over Normal
COMPUTER SIMULATION
Basic Model Descriptions
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Query Mode Requests only.
(b) Counter Service Requests - demands on the
document store imposed by an individual
directly identifying the specific docu-
ment(s) required. This class had the
highest urgency and the most stringent
response requirements and therefore pre-
empted all other transaction types in
demanding processing facilities.
Counter Service Requests were subclassi-
fied as:
Single Requests - a top priority re-
quest for an individual document
Burst Mode Requests - for purposes of
evaluating the ability of the various
systems to respond to a sudden influx
of high priority transactions, demands
for a batch of documents (arbitrarily
set at 20 documents per batch) were
imposed at random intervals on the
models. Throughput time for each batch
demand (burst) was measured from in-
itiation of the request until retrieval
and delivery of the entire 20 documents.
. COMPUTER SIMULATION
Basic Model Descriptions
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6.A.2. TRANSACTION VOLUME
The following transaction volumes were imposed
on all systems. Since the transactions are randomly
generated within the simulator, slight variances in
total transactions may occur between systems.
Initial System Final System
Query Mode Requests
Normal 320 items/day 3000 items/day
Priority 80 el 1000
Counter Service Requests
Single Requests 60
Burst Requests
(2@20) = 40
01
II
800
(10@20)=200
II
Total 500 items/day 5000 items/day
6.A.3. SCALING
In certain cases, subsets of the total con-
figurations were simulated with a proportional re-
duction in the number of transactions. This
technique was employed in some cases to prevent the
model from exceeding computer storage capacity and
in some cases to prevent excessive processing time.
COMPUTER SIMULATION
Scaling
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The scale down configurations are described for
those systems where scaling has been utilized.
6.A.4. TIMING CONVENTIONS
The processing rates for both manual and
mechanical operations are stated in the section
entitled Simulation Assumption for each system
within this Appendix. In general, these quanti-
ties reflect either observed times or rates
furnished by equipment suppliers. In addition
to these times, each system was taxed to reflect
less identifiable or measurable time delays in
process. In order to approximate more realistic
throughput times, the following standard delay
times were adopted as conventions and applied to
all systems:
(a) Pre-processing time - receipt, logging,
sorting and miscellaneous clerical hand-
ling operations required before being
ready for processing - I minute.
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Timing Conventions
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(b) Inter-station transit time - the inde-
finable interval of time required to
move a transaction from one discrete
processing station to another--here
arbitrarily assumed to be 1 minute for
each such transition between processing
locations.
(c) Post-processing time - logging, stapling,
bundling and miscellaneous clerical
operations subsequent to reproduction of
the hard copy and preparatory to distri-
bution of the requested document -
3 minutes.
The basic time unit used in describing all of
the system models is one second. Activity for each
system has been limited to a duration of five days
of simulated single shift operation (i.e., 40 hours).
6.A.5. PAGE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION
The following distribution of pages per document/
has been assumed and the number of pages is randomly
COMPUTER SIMULATION
Page Distribution Function
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assigned each document by the simulator according
to this function:
Pages/Document
Cumulative
Percentage of
Total Documents
1
46.5
2
66.2
3
76.0
4
79.8
5
83.0
6
84.9
7
86.1
8
87.2
9
88.5
10
89.4
11
90.3
12
90.9
13-18
93.5
19-24
94.6
25-32
95.5
33-100*
100.0
6.A.6. SIMPLIFYING ASSUMPTIONS
Perhaps it is a truism to say that thcre is some
variance between any simulation and the real world
it represents. Certain simplifying assumptions must
* An arbitrary upper limit of 100 pages/document has
been adopted for simulation as a practical measure.
COMPUTER SIMULATION
Simplifying Assumptions
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be made in defining a mathematical microcosm of
a dynamic situation. When the situation simulated
is projected into the future based on currently
known facts, the model becomes even more hypo-
thetical. The systems models described in this
appendix are of this nature and a number of
assumptions were necessary. The primary purpose of
the simulation was to compare the various systems.
The validity of the models does not depend nec-
essarily on the accuracy of any individual
assumption since all systems were subjected to the
same general assumptions consistently throughout.
Some of the simplifying assumptions, constituting
variances between the model and reality, are in-
dicated below.
A cutoff point of 100 pages per document was
arbitrarily set in estimating the page size dis-
tribution, although some documents observed exceeded
this limit (less than 1%).
COMPUTER SIMULATION
Simplifying Assumptions
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Output processes alone were simulated with the
result that no sharing of staff and equipment be-
tween input and output processing was imposed.
There would no doubt be some degrading of system
performance by conflicting demands on facilities
created by filing and reference activities.
Scaled down systems do not have as much flexi-
bility and productivity as actual full systems.
For instance, a transaction from one facility may
be forced to go to a specific second facility in
a fractional system, whereas in a complete model
a transaction could go to one of several facilities
operating in parallel on a first availability
basis.
The fixed time delays discussed previously
are imposed to reflect the recognized variation
in delay caused by the number of functional steps
involved in each process. The extent of the time
delay caused by transfer between processing stations
(10MPUTER SIMULATION
Simplifying Assumptions
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is highly speculative but the assumed quantities
have been applied throughout.
Simplified algebraic expressions have been
created to approximate certain time functions.
6.A.7. SCOPE OF SIMULATION
Because of time constraints and because of the
fact that similarities of equipment and procedure
do exist between certain systems, not all of the
candidates were simulated. Those systems for which
models were built are:
- 16mm aperture card
- Filmsort 1000d
- Packed microfiche (with Microcard EL-3
EnlaTger)
- MEDIA
MIRACODE
- CRIS (with Xerox 1824)
- Magnavise (with Xerox 24 C)
- Cypress
The specific assumptions made in defining the
models of each of the eight systems simulated are
described in the following sections.
COMPUTER SIMULATION
Scope of Simulation
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6.A.8. SYSTEM DESCRIPTIONS
6.A.8.1 16 mm Aperture Card
The 16 mm Aperture Cards are filed in motorized
card files with a modified Filmsort Uniprinter 086
at each file. File clerks are allocated to a spe-
cific group of files where they select requested
aperture card master documents, prepare expendable
duplicate aperture cards, which in turn are used
for hard copy enlargement on 3M Quadrant Printers.
Master apertures are refiled immediately after
they have been duplicated. Each clerk provides the
appropriate priority in selection of transactions.
Conceptually, it is assumed that a queue of trans-
actions will accumulate for each file and that the
clerk will operate on a sequential polling basis
among file units thereby minimizing mobility among
the assigned section of the file. In the event of
a Counter Service Request the clerk will interrupt
normal polling and directly access the counter
COMPUTER SIMULATION
System Descriptions
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requests. Normal and Priority Requests will have
essentially the same processing with Priority
Requests given token preferential handling within
a given file queue. The conventional priorities
are observed at the Quadrant Printers for all
transactions.
6.A.8.1.1. Timing Assumptions
Fixed Time Delays
- Pre-Processing Time (all requests)
1 minute
- Inter-station Transit Delay -- (Between
motorized file station and hard copy
printer stations) -- 1 minuts
- Post-Processing Time (all requests) --
3 minutes
Operating Times
- File Clerks
- to select and refile aperture
card(s) -- 18 sec (per item)
- to make duplicate aperture card(s)
12 sec (per card)
COMPUTER SIMULATION
Timing Assumptions
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- Hard copy printers
- to produce enlarged copy from
aperture cards -- 12 sec (per page)
6.A.8.1.2. Configuration
Final System
- Complete
File clerks
8
Motorized Files (with 086
uniprinters) 30
Quadrant Printers (and
operators) 15
- Scaled Down System (scaling
factor = 1/8)
File clerks 1
File units
Printers
4
2
(Volumes reduced proportionally)
Initial System
- Complete
File Clerks
Motorized Files (with 086
uniprinters) 2
COMPUTER SIMULATION
Configuration
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Quadrant Printers (and
Operators) 2
Scaled Down System
- No scaling
6.A.8.1.3. Page Packing Factor
The 16mm Aperture Cards are available in either
1,2,3, or 4 apertures with the ability to store two
pages per aperture. For simulation purposes it is
assumed that an additional aperture card is required
each time the page length exceeds a multiple of
eight, (e.g., a 17 page document would require 3
aperture cards).
6.A.8.2. Filmsort 1000d -- -(35mm Aperture Card File)
Mode of operation is identical to 16mm
Aperture Card
6.A.8.2.1. Timing Assumptions
Fixed Time Delays
- Pre-processing Time (all requests) --
1 minute
COMPUTER SIMULATION
Page Packing Factor
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- Inter Station Transit Delay -- (between
motorized file station and hard copy
printer stations) -- 1 minute
- Post-Processing Time (all requests) --
3 minutes
Operating Times
File clerks
- to select and refile aperture
card(s) - 18 sec/per item
- to make duplicate aperture card(s)
12 sec/per card
Hard Copy Printers
- to produce enlarged hard copy from
aperture cards -- 12 sec/per page
6.A.8.2.2. Configuration
Final System
- Complete
File clerks
9
Motorized Card Files (and
copiers) 40
Quadrant Printers (and
operators) 16
- Scaled Down System (Scaling
factor = 1/8)
COMPUTER SIMULATION
Configuration
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File clerks 1
Motorized Card Files (and
copiers) 5
Quadrant Printers (and
operators) 2
(Volumes reduced proportionally)
Initial System
- Complete
File clerks 1
Motorized Card Files (and
Copiers) 2
Quadrant Printers (and
operators) 2
- Scaled Down System
No scaling
6.A.8.2.3. Page Packing Factor
The 35mm Aperture Cards can contain up to four
page images"/ per card. For simulation purposes
1/Simulation was conducted prior to announcement of
the Filmsort 2000dx which enables eight page im-
ages to be recorded in each aperture card.
COMPUTER SIMULATION
Page Packing Factor
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the assumption has been made that an additional
aperture card would be required each time the
page length exceeds a multiple of four (e.g., a
17 page document would require 5 aperture cards).
6.A.8.3. Packed Microfiche
This system utilizes a standard 4" x 6"
microfiche (actually 105mm x 148mm) with multiple
items recorded on each microfiche. Each item will
begin a new line and the left-most frame on each
line will be used to record an eye-visible item
serial number. All six lines will be used with
each line capable of storing up to ten 8h .x 11"
pages or five 815 x 14" pages. Documents exceeding
these limits will overflow onto additional lines
as necessary. Microfiche are inserted into paper
jackets which are filed in motorized rotary card
files. To fulfill requests, appropriate jackets
are manually pulled and sent to a step-and-repeat
enlarger where hard copy is recorded on roll silver
COMPUTER SIMULATION
Packed Microfiche
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paper which in turn is developed and cut for
delivery to the requestor. Priority regulations
are observed by the file clerks in pulling ran-
domly from the files according to the three
conventional priority levels. Once the items
are processed through the enlarger station
various priority transactions are intermingled
on the output paper rolls which are handled
thereafter on a FIFO basis.
Timing Assumptions
- Fixed Time Delays
Pre-processing time 1 minute
Interstation delay
(between file and en-
larger)
Interstation delay
(between enlarger and
develope)
Interstation delay
(between devel.per and
cutter)
1 minute
1 minute
1 minute
Post-processing time 3 minutes
COMPUTER SIMULATION
Packed Microfiche
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- Operating Times
File and refile micro-
fiche jackets 12 sec/item
Enlarger printing
(2000-3000 pages/hour) 1.5 sec/page*
Developer (200 ft/min at
75 percent derating and
assuming 6.7 lineal inches/
page resulting in 270
pages/minute)
.22 sec/page
Cutter (36,000 pages/day
or 75 pages/min derated
75 percent to approximately
56 pages/min) .9 ec/page
Configurations
- Final System
Complete
File Clerks
3 (each clerk
assigned to
two files)
Motorized Card
Files 6
Enlarger (Microcard
Corp EL-3) 2
Ektaline Processor
(Recordak) 1
* This rate is equivalent to 2400 pages per hour
COMPUTER SIMULATION
Packed Microfiche
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Recordak 12K Cutter 2
Scaled Down System
No Scaling
- Initial System
Complete
File Clerk
Motorized Card File 1
Enlarger (Microcard
Corp. EL-3) 1
Ektaline Processor
(Recordak) 1
Recordak 12K Cutter 1
Scaled Down System
No Scaling
Page Packing Factor
Pages are recorded on the microfiche as
described in Section A. Enlarged replicas of the
page images are enlarged onto 100 foot rolls of
silver paper. It is assumed that up to 180 pages
can be accumulated on each 100 foot roll.
COMPUTER SIMULATION
Packed Microfiche
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6.A.8.4. Media
The MEDIA system utilizes film chips contained
in capsules which are stored in a manually operated
file. Requests are processed first by file clerks
who pull the appropriate capsule and deliver it to
a manned Selector-Reproducer unit. The operator
inserts the capsule and keys in the item number,
triggering a serial scan of the chips until the
requested item is located and hard copy is produced.
Access to the manual file is considered random for
the file clerks who are operating, at large, over
the total file. Priority is provided by the
file clerk's selection of the next transaction with
the Counter Service, Priority Queries and Normal
Queries in that order of priority. Clerks dis-
tribute the selected capsules to the selectors
based on the earliest availability of the Selector-
Reproducer Units.
COMPUTER SIMULATION
Media
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Timing Assumptions
- Fixed Time Delays
Pre-processing time (all requests) --
1 minute
Post-Processing time (all requests) --
3 minutes
- Operating Times
File clerks - to select and refile
capsules -- 30 sec
Selector Reproducer operator
Insert capsule into feed
station 2 sec
Key in 2 digits and scan
200 cards 13 sec
Print output copy - 16 sec
for let page per clip plus
7 sec for subsequent page
Rewind and extract capsule from
feed station 8 sec
Configurations
Final System
Complete
File Clerks
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Media
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Selector Reproducers (and
operators) 21
Scaled Down System (Scaling
factor = 1/3)
File clerks 2
Selector Reproducer 7
(Volumes reduced proportionally)
Initial System
Complete
File Clerks 1
Selector Reproducers
(and operators) 3
Scaled Down System
No Scaling
Page Packing Factor
A Media chip can store up to two 811H x
images at a 30d reduction ratio. For this simula-
tion it is assumed that all documents will be
stored in this format of two pages per chip. (Appen-
dix H., Item #1)'
OMPUTER SIMULATION
Media
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6.A.8.5. Miracode
The MIRACODE System utilizes 16mm reel film
for storage of document images. Each document is
locatable by a photo-optically recorded, binary
representation of a unique identification number
adjacent to it on the reel. The appropriate
cartridge loaded roll of film is selected by an
operator who inserts the cartridge into the Re-
cordak Reader-Printer and keys in the requested
item number. The Reader-Printer scans the reel
to locate the requested item and a hard copy is
produced on line. Each search unit and operator
are allocated to a certain portion of the file.
All request activity is considered to be randomly
distributed over the total file. Retrieval is
considered to be random within file station with
priority provided by the operator's selection of
transactions, observing the usual order of priority.
Timing Assumptions
COMPUTER SIMULATION
Miracode
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- Fixed Time Delays
Pre-Processing time (all requests) --
1 minute
Post-processing time (all requests)
3 minutes
- Operating Times
Locate, insert cartridge; rewind reel
and refile cartridge -- 10 seconds
Key in 9 digit request number --
10 seconds
Scan reel of film and locate
item 5 + 5 seconds
Print out first page -- 28 seconds
Print subsequent pages (each) --
17 seconds
The above time units have been consolidated
in the expression:
T = 36 + 5 + 17 P
where: T = total time per item, and
p = number of pages per item
COMPUTER SIMULATION
Miracode
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- Configurations
Final System
Complete
Retrieval Stations (Lod-
estar Reader-Printers) 32
Station Operators
Scaled Down System
No scaling
Initial System
Completed
32
Retrieval Stations (Lod-
estar Reader-Printers) 4
Station Operators 4
Scaled Down System
No scaling
- Page Packing Factor
The assumption has been made that ,each
100 foot reel of film will contain
approximately 380 items and their
corresponding coded number . It is
COMPUT R SIMULATION
Miracode
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further assumed that no item will
overflow onto an additional reel
of film (i.e., no more than one
cartridge access per item requested).
6.A.8.6. Cris
The basic retrieval unit for the CRIS system
consists of a desk sized console containing the
cartridge insertion and scroll positioning mechanism,
projection and display system, the key board entry
unit, a contact printer for aperture cards, and
general control circuitry. The medium of storage
is a cartridge loaded 400 foot scroll, 17 inches in
width. Location of the requested document image
is performed by a rapid scan of the scroll initiated
by keyboard entry of an access number. The unit is
capable of locating a subframe (i.e., a two-page
cluster) within the scroll which contains 28,160
frames containing up to 12 legal size pages each.
COMPUTER SIMULATION
Cris
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For simulation purposes, a batching mode of
operation is assumed because of the impracticability
of a completely random mode requiring continual
changing of a 44 pound scroll cartridge. It is
assumed that each viewing station is allocated to
its own library of scrolls. Requests are dis-
tributed among the stations accordingly. The
viewer operator normally processes the accumulated
backlog for each scroll, polling successively
through the assigned set of scrolls. At the
completion of processing for each scroll the opera-
tor checks for any Counter Request activity.. If
any exists, he loads the appropriate scroll and
retrieves the requested items, polling in reverse
through the scrolls until all pending Counter
Request transactions have been processed. Normal
request searching is then resumed, accessing ran-
domly within scroll with Priority Query taking
precedence over Normal Requests.
COMPUTER SIMULATION
Cris
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Timing Assumptions
- Fixed Time Delays
Pre-processing time -- 1 minute
Inter-station delay (between viewing
station and printer) -- 1 minute
Post-processing time 3 minutes
- Operating Times
Scroll change time (include rewind
and removal of prior scroll and in-
sertion of new scroll -- 1 minute
Keyboard entry of access number --
5 seconds
Scroll search time -- 17 + 17 seconds
Contact print to aperture card - 8
seconds per card
These times 0?eo line 2 through
lihe four are consolidated in the
expressiorm
T = 22 + 17 + 8C
where T = time to locate and
output an item within a mounted
scroll
COMPUTER SIMULATION
Cris
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C = the number of aperture cards
required to record all the pages
of an item (with a 12 pages
upper limit per card)
Xerox 1824 printer 7 40 sec0 for each
18" x 24" sheet containing up to 12
pages.
Configuration
Final System
Complete
Scrolls 240
CRIS viewers 10 (i.e.,
24 scrolls each)
Xerox 1824 printers 10
Scaled Down System (Scaling
factor = 1/10)
Scrolls 24
CRIS viewers 1
Xerox 1824 printers 1
Initial System
COMPUTER SIMULATION
Cris
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SECRET
Approved For Release 201M4f14 : CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
Complete
Scrolls 13
CRIS viewers 1
Xerox 1824 printers
Scaled Down System
No scaling
Page Packing Factor
It is assumed that each frame on the scroll
can contain up to 12 page images and that the com-
plete frame will be contact printed onto the output
aperture card and in turn printed out on the 18" x
24" hard copy. For documents less than 12 pages in
length a single contact print to the same aperture
card and a single sheet of paper are assumed. For
those documents in excess of 12 pages the system is
assessed for an additional contact print (at 8 sec
each) and an additional hard copy print (at 40 sec
each) each time the page length exceeds a multiple
'of 12.
COMPUTER SIMCLATION
Cris
6,A.8.6.
-162-
Approved For Release 2000/04/14: CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
SECRET
Approved For Release 2000/04441iEtIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
6.A.8.7. Magnavue
The Magnavue system is an automatic document
image retrieval system consisting of one or more
rapid access files, a transport unit and a contact
copy station, all under control of a data processor.
Micro images are stored on 1 1/3" x 3" Mylar cards
along with digital data coded in either magnetic or
photo-optical form. The Magnavue cards are, in
turn, stored in magazines which may be acc ssed
directly under control of the data processor and
inserted in the card handler (transport unit) where
a rapid scan selects the indicated card, moving it
to an output station where a contact print of the
image is made onto roll microfilm. Resultant film
is removed in short strips, processed, and con-
verted to hard copy on the Xerox 24C Printer. The
digital data identifying those cards which are to
be selected from the file is en red through the
COMPUTER SIMULATION
Magnavue
6.A.8.7.
-163-
Approved For Release 2000/04/14: CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
SECRET
Approved For Release 2omigf14 : CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
data processor, and is assumed to be a by-product
of the computer indexing system for subjective
queries and to be read in from key-punched cards
for counter service requests.
Priority rules governing transaction flaw
have been specified as follows:
- Key Punch (Counter Request only) - FIFO
- Magnavue Image Retrieval System -
sequential; batch mode polling through
magazines by each transport unit opera-
ting independently within its associated
file units with interrupt and direct
access of magazines for Counter Service
Requests. Priority Queries and Normal
Queries are treated interchangeably on
a FIFO basis within each cartridge.
- Processor - all 20 foot rolls of film
are processed on a FIFO basis.
- Xerox 24C Printer - all 20 foot rolls
of film are handled on a FIFO basis.
Timing Assumptions
Fixed Time Delays
Counter Service Requests
Pre-processing time
-164-
1 minute
COMPUTER SIMULATION
Magnavue
6.A.8.7.
Approved For Release 2000/04/14 : CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
SECRET
Approved For Release 2000/00141ftIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
Inter-station delay (between
key punch and Image File) 1 minute
Inter-station delay (between
Image File and Processor) 1 minute
Inter-station delay (between
Processor and Printer) 1 minute
Post-processing time 3 minutes
Queries
Pre-processing time 1.5 minutes
Inter-station delay (between
Image File and Processor) 1 minute
Inter-station delay (between
Processor and Printer) 1 minute
Post-processing time 3 minutes
Operating Times
Key punching rate - 8,000 keystrokes/hr
(15 characters/request = 7 sec/request
card)
Image File Unit
Extract and insert magazine
3.4 sec/magazine
COMPUTER SIMULATION
Magnavue
6.A.8.7.
-165-
Approved For Release 2000/04/14: CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
SECRET
Approved For Release 2O4: CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
Scan cards 60 cards/sec)
25 + 25 sec/magazine*
Refile cards 90 cards/sec)
16.5 + 16.5 sec/magazine*
Contact copy to roll film
.6 sec/frame (up 8 pg/frame)
Processor (developed at the rate of 400
? ft/hr. Therefore, time to develop 20 ft.
equals 2.4 minutes plus one minute for
setup time = 3.4 minutes/roll
Xerox 24C Printer 10 cards/min) =
6 sec/frame
Configuration
- Final System
Complete
Keypunch - 1 unit
* The time to scan and refile cards is dependent on
the location of the selected card within the
magazine. The maximum scan time is 50 seconds
and the maximum refile time is 33 seconds, With-
in the model a random number between 1 and 83
(the sum of the two times) is generated to rep-
resent the combined times.
COMPUTER SIMULATION
Magnavue
6.A.8.7.
-166-
Approved For Release 2000/04/14: CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
SECRET
Approved For Release 2000/04MREMA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
Image Files System - four inde-
pendently operating subsystems
each containing approximately
one quarter of the file. Each
subsystem is configured as follows:
Control Unit
(computer)
Subsystem Total
Units System Units
1 4
Vacuum system 1 4
Transport units
(card handlers) 2 8
Output copy
station 2 8
File station 4 15**
Processor (Film
Developer 1 unit
Xerox 24C Printer 2 units
Scaled Down System (Scaling Factor
= 1/8)
One card handling transport unit with
2 files and one output copy station,
assuming no retardation of operation
caused by sharing the same control unit
with another like complex of files, copy
station and transport unit.
** One of the four subsystems would include only three
File Stations
COMPUTER SIMULATION
Magnavue
6.A.8.7.
-167-
Approved For Release 2000/04/14: CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
SECRET
Approved For Release 20KVAlit4 : CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
- Initial System
Complete
Keypunch
1 unit
Image File System - one self-
contained system composed of
the following
Control Unit (computer)
Vacuum System 1
Transport Unit (card
handler) 1
Output copy station 1
File Station
Scaled Down System
No scaling
Page Packing Factor
It is assumed that up to eight page images
are recorded on each card within .the system. For
items less than 8 pages in length a single discrete
card is used for storage. Additional cards are re-
quired to store items of more than 8 pages with an
COMPUTER SIMULATION
Magnavue
6.A.8.7.
-168-
Approved For Release 2000/04/14: CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
SECRET
Approved For Release 2000/04ggligIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
additional card necessary each time the page
length exceeds a multiple of eight. The Image
File system is assessed 0.6 second for each card
which must be contacted printed and 6.0 seconds
for each additional microfilm frame. Each 20
ft. roll of film can accommodate up to 130 con-
tact prints (frames). A roll is assembled at
each output copy station and processed through
the Film Developer and the Printer conceptually
as a block of transactions.
6.A.8.8. Cypress
The Cypress system consists of one or more
files under the stored program control of a
Module Controller servicing an Image Input/Output
Converter. Document page images are stored on
diazo coated chips which are contained in plastic
moulded cells. Cells are pneumatically shunted
between the files and the I/0 Converter where the
COMPUTER SIMULATION
Cypress
6.A.8.8.
-169-
Approved For Release 2000/04/14: CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
SECRET
Approved For Release 20(WOrtitt4 : CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
appropriate chips are directly accessed and images
may be selectively projected. onto output aperture
cards. Aperture cards, in turn, are used to pre-
pare hard copy on the Copyflo 24C Printer. Requests
on the system are read in from punched cards which
are key punched for Counter Service requests and
prepared as a by-product from the computer indexing
system for subjective queries.
- Priority rules incorporated in the computer
model are as follows
Key Punch -- (Counter Request only) - FIFO
Image File'Unit(s) normal priority of
Counter Service
Priority Query, and
Normal Query (FIFO within priority)
at each I/0 Converter.
Copyflo Printer - (Final System) - one
printer assigned to Counter Service and
Priority Queries on a FIFO basis; the
second print r assign 'd to all Normal
Queries on a FIFO basis
COMPUTER SIMULATION
Cypress
6.A.8.8.
-170-
Approved For Release 2000/04/14: CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
SECRET
Approved For Release 2000/001121KCIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
Timing Assumptions
- Fixed Time Delays
Counter Service Requests
Pre-processing time
Inter station delay
(between key punch and
Image File)
Inter station delay
(between Image File and
Printer)
Post Processing Time
Operating Times
1 minute
1 minute
1 minute
3 minutes
- Key punching rate - 8000 keystrokes/hr
(15 characters/request = 7 sec/request card)
- Image File Unit
The throughput rate of the Projection
Output Unit is a function of the punch,
print, expose, develop cycles. All of
these functions are constant for each
output card except for the expose opera-
tion which may vary from one to eight
cycles per card. The range of throughput
time varies between 450 cards/hr (8 sect
each) for cards having 8 exposures to a
maximum rate of 1000 cards/hr (3.6 sec
each) for cards having one exposure.
COMPUTER SIMULATION
Cypress
6.A.8.8.
-171-
Approved For Release 2000/04/14: CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
SECRET
Approved For Release 2O4: CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
A resultant linear description of this
function (with rounding to the neareEt
seconds) yields this table which was
used for simulation purposes:
Exposures
Throughput Time
per Card
_n Seconj
1
4
2
5
3
5
4
6
5
7
6
7
7
a
a
8
Copy flo 24C - print from aperture card
to hard copy @ 6 sec/aperture card.
Configuration
- Final System
Complete
Keypunch - 1 unit
Image File - two independently con-
trolled subsystems each containing
half the file (and consequently
activity is assumed to be equally
distributed over each half of the
file on a random basis). Each sub-
system configured as follows:
COMPUTER SIMULATION
Cypress
6.A.8.8.
-172-
Approved For Release 2000/04/14: CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
SECRET
Approved For Release 2000/0414REVA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
1 - Projection Output Unit
1 - Module Controller
17 - File Modules (5 tray files)
Copyflo 24C - 2 units
Scaled Down System
No scaling
- Initial System
Complete
Key punch - 1 unit
Image file - 1 self-contained system
configured as follows:
1 - Projection Input Unit
1 - Projection Output Unit
1 - Module Controller
3 - File Modules (5 tray files)
Scaled Down System
No scaling
Page Packing Factor
The Projection Output Unit has the ability to
provide 'composed' output in the sense that images
may be selected from different chips onto the same
aperture card up to a maximum of eight page images
per card. Retrieved output is treated as one
COMPUTER SIMULATION
Cypress
6.A.8.8.
-173-
Approved For Release 2000/04/14: CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
SECRET
Approved For Release 200agail14 : CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
request per card for documents up to eight pages
and an additional card for each multiple of eight
pages per document for longer documents.
COMPUTER SIMULATION
Cypress
6.A.8.8.
-174-
Approved For Release 2000/04/14: CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
SECRET
I I t it I I titI.
Approved For Release 2000/04/14: CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
SYSTEMaction
Average
ThruputTime
THRUPUT TIME DISTRIBUTION (by %)
ax.
Thru-
put
IIIII
Average
Overflow
Time
Trans-
Sample
Under
5'
min
Under
10
min
Under
15
min
Under
20
min
Under
25
min
Unde
30
min
sec
min
sec
min
Cypress
453.1
7.6
0.0
90.7 100.0
--
--
12.0
--
--
428
Media
720.3
12.0
0.0
54.0
69.2
82.4
92.1
100.0
29.0
--
--
506
16mm Aperture
948.5 15.8
0.0
48.4
52.8
67.1
72.3
88.
--
1070.4
34.5
523
Miracode
1013.8 16.9
12.4
45.5
51..8
54.7
73.8
88.
--
2309.5
38.5
477
Filmsort 1000d
1058.4 17.6
0.0
45.9
54.1
56.1
73.4
74.
--
2099.5
35.0
492
CRIS
1238.8 20.6
0.0
43.5
54.6
56.5
57.5
59.
--
2192.5
36.5
504
Packed Microfiche1582L
26.3
0.0
3.7
15.3
33.3
52.8
66.
--
2411.6
40.2
430
Magnavue
4053 67.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
--
4062.8
67.7
519
TABLE 6.A-I
INITIAL SYSTEMS
SPIEL IONS
Transit Times -
Counte' Requ
sts
.
Approved For Release 2000/04/14: CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
Approved For Release 2000/04/14: CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
SYSTEM
Average
T hruputTime
TBRUPUT TIME DISTRIBUTION (by %) Max.
Average
Overflow
Time
Trans -
action
Sample
Under
5
min
Under
lo
min
Under
15
min
Under
20
min
Under
25
min
Under
30
min
Thru-
put
16111)
sec
min
sec
min
Cypress
572.6
9.5
0.0
71.4
100.0
--
--
12.0
--
140
Media
3.1933
19.9
0.0
0.0
30.0
60.0
80.0
100,0
29.0
--
200
16mm Aperture
1571.7
26.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
27.3
36.4
72.7
--
2073
34.6
220
Miracode
16809
28.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
44.4
77.8
--
2359,5
39.3
180
Packed Microfiche1801.8
30.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
14.3
42.9
57.1
--
2455c
4o.9
14o
FilmFort 1000d
18018
30.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
--
40.o
4o.o
--
21022
35.0
200
CRIS
21938
36.6
0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
--
2193836.6
200
Magnavue
74.6
0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
--
44783
711..6
220
MABIE 6.A-2
Initial System Simulations
Transit Times -
Burst
Mode Counter
Requests
Approved For Release 2000/04/14: CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
Cn
rn
rn
I. ilt tit t it1.
Approved For Release 2000/04/14: CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
SYSTEM?
Average
ThruputTime
TBRUPUT TIME DISTRIBUTION (by %) Max.
Average
Overflow
Time
Trans-
action
,Sample
Under
Under
Under
'
Under
Under
Unde
Thru-
put
sec
min
20
min
4o
min
60
min
80
min ,min
100
,
120
min
ime
(min)
sec
min
I
Cypress
354.2
5.9
100.0
-- ' --
--
--
10.0
--
--
1,983
Media
428.4
7.1
97.4
100,0
--
--
--
--
40.c
--
--
1,965
Filmsort 1000d
707.6
11.8
85.2
98.8
loo.o
--
--
--
60.c
--
--
1,995
16mm Aperture
709.0 11.8
83.9
97.3 99.9
100.0
--
-- 80.c
--
--
2,001
Miracode
9682 16.1 73.4
91.0 96.7
98.7
99.1
99.6 160.0
--
--
2,021
CRIB
361c122,7 53.7
86.5 96.4
99.8
100.0
-- loo.c
--
--
2,028
PackedMicrofiche 617.6 27.0 33.0
86.5 98.9
100.0
-- 100.0
--
--
1,990
Magnavue 893.5 64.9 0.0
14.3 45.3
75.0
94.o
99.4 140.c
--
--
2,039
TABLE 6.A-8
INITIAL SYSTEMS 'INDI6 IONS
Transit Time u - 'esuests
Inc.
Pri rity)
Approved For Release 2000/04/14: CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
Approved For Release 2000/04/14: CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
SYSTEM
Average
Thruput
Time
MUTT TIME DISTRIBUTION
(by
Under
50)
min
%) Max. Average
Under Thru- OVerflow
6(x) Time
Trans-
action
Sample
Under
10
min
Under Under
?2Q O
rain min
Under
O
min
sec min
min rt secl min
Cypress
352.5 5.9
100.0
_
10.0
413
Media 401.4 6.7
91.3
97.8
100.0
30.0 414
16mm Aperture 549.0 9.1
77.6
92.9
99.0 99.8
loo.
42.0 1407
Filmsort 1000d 607.4 10.1
70.2
91.7 96.
99.3 99.8 100.0 59.0 423
Miracode 664.2 11.1
70.5
85.4 93.
96.8 98. 99.5 82.0 14.014.
CRIS 714.1 11.9
64.9
87.7 94.9
98.3 loo. 50.0 416
Packed Microfiche355.4 25.9
1.0
38.1 68.7
86.2 95.9 99.3, 63.0 412
Magnavue 3893. 5 64.9
0.0
14.3 45.3 75.0 94.0 99.111110.0 2,039
TABLE 6.A-4
INITIAL SYSTEMS SIMULATION
, Transit Times - Priority Query Requests 1
Approved For Release 2000/04/14: CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
4
I I I.t
Approved For Release 2000/04/14: CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
SYSTEM
Average
Thruput
Sec
TBRUPUT TIME DISTRIBUTION (by %)
Max.
Average
Ogerflow
, Time
sec min
Trans-
action
Sample
The
min
Under
5
min
Under
lo
min
Under
15
min
Under
20
min
Under
25
min
Under
30
min
Thru-
,
F:lte
min
Media
424.5
7.1
0.0
91.2
94.2
96.9
100.0
--
25.0
--
--
1,676
Cypress
504.2
8.4
0.0
77.6
99.1
100.0
--
--
19.0
--
4,910
CRIS
559.3
9.3
0.0
71.6
98.2
100.0
-- --
20.0
496
16mm Aperture
612.7
10.2
0.0
68.3
86.0
93.3
96.0 98.2
--
098 35.0
656
,
Filmsort 1000d
618.5
10.3
0.0
65.8
85.7
92.4
96.2 98.7
-- 1,881.11 31.4
628
Packed Microfi-
che
783.0
13.5
0.0
13.8
74.6
96.1
100.0
--
24.0
-- I
4,870
Miracode
877.31.6
11.1
53.8
63.7
70.3
78.2
87.0
--
,20611 36.8
4,954
t
magnavue
5979J199.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
150.0
5979,1 99.7
i
574
TABLE 6.A-5
SIMULATION OF FINAL
SYSTEMS
Transit Times -
Counter
Req4ests
inclu
ing B
sts)
Approved For Release 2000/04/14: CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
Approved For Release 2000/04/14: CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
SYSTEM
Average
ThruputTime
THRUPUT TIME DISTRIBUTION (by %)
Max.
Thru-
put
Time
min
Average
Overflow
Time
Trans-
action
Sample
Under
5
min
UnderUnder
10
min
15
min
Under
20
min
Under
25
min
Under
80
min
sec min
sec
min
Media
589.2 9.8
0.0
78.8
84.4
92.2
100.0
--
25.0
--
359
CRIS
679.6 11.3
0.0
26.7
97.3
100.0
--
17.0
75
Cypress
698.3 11.6
0.0
19.6
95.7
100.0
--
--
19.0
--
--
920
Filmsort 1000d
735.7 12.3
0.0
52.0
77.2
85.4
93.5
97.6
--
1819.0
30.3
123
16mm Aperture
775.8 12.9
0.0
47.4
77.4
85.4
89.1
95.6
--
2152.0
35.9
137
PackedMicrofi :...
045.6 17.4
0.0
0.0
4.5
90.9
100.0
23.0
--
--
880
Miracode
890.5 31.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.1
20.4
46.9
--
2230.6
37.2
980
Magnavue
p051.9 100.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0 0
0.0
140.0
6051.9
100.9
102
TABLE 6.A-6
SIMULATION OF F
I S'STENS
Transit Times 'IliiiagENELa_ataataLE
Approved For Release 2000/04/14: CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
'I ?,,,?11
I:. mil
- -8 '-1
Cn
rn
C..)
x,
rn
it I it t I t IL t
Approved For Release 2000/04/14: CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
SYSTEM
Average
ThruputTim
THRUM TIME DISTRIBUTION (by %)
Max.
Thru-
put
Time
min.
Average
Overflow
?
Time
Trans-
action
Sample
Undei,
20
Unde
4o
min
Under
60
m?
Unde4
80
min
Unde
loo
min
Unar
120
min
sec
min
min
sec
min
Media
441.5
7.4
98.2
100.0
--
--
--
4o.o
--
--
6,625
Cypress 457.0
7.6
100.0
--
--
--
--
20.0
--
--
19,965
CRIB 810.0
13.5
85.0
98.9
100.0
--
--
50.0
--
--
1,994
Packed Microfiche 851.4
14.2
98.0
100.0
--
--
--
30.0
--
--
19,969
Filmsort 1000d 166.1
19.4
62.9
70.3
98.4
99.9
loo.o
--
9o.o
--
2,485
Miracode 320.Q
22.0,
66.3
85,0
91.8
95.4
97.5
98.5
180.0
--
--
19,923
16mm Aperture 363.9
22.7
55.8
834
96.1
100.0
--
80.0
--
--
2,711
Magnavue 290.5
104.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
54.3
69.8
170.0
--
--
2,398
TABLE 6.A-7
SIMULATION OF F lit'L SY
TEMS
Transit Tithes .ery
eq
s including
prio
ity)
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SYSTEM
Average
ThruputTime
TBRUPUT TIME DISTRIBUTION (by %)
Max.
Thru-
put
TATfi
Average
Overflow
Time
rrans-
action
Sample
Under
10
min
Under
20
min
Under
30
min
Under
4o
mm
Under
50
mm
Under
60
min
sec
min
sec
min
Media
383.1
6.4
94.5
98.6
ioo.o
--
--
--
25.o
--
--
1,393
Cypress
416.4
6.9
95.8
100.0
--
--
--
--
16.0
--
5,004
CRIS
480.7 9.7
68.1
98.7
1040.0
--
--
--
28.0
--
--
521
16mm Aperture
688.9 11.5
58.2
89.9
96.8
98.8
99.4
loo.'
60.0
--
722
Miracode
719.4 12.0
63.9
82.6
93.1
97.5
99.1
99.6
89.0
--
--
5,115
Packed Microfiche
750.8 12.5
9.9
99.8
loo.o
--
--
--
23.o
--
--
5,014
Filmsort 1000d
899.8 15.0
44.6
77.5
89.5
95.9
99.1
100.0
59.0
--
--
641
Magnavue
6290.5 104.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
54.3
69.8
170.0
--
--
2,398
TABLE 6.A-8
SIMULATION OF FINAL
SYSTEMS
Transit Times -
Priority Query
Req4iests
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TI
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Appendix 6.B.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PACKED MICROFICHE
and
THE FILMSORT 2000dx APERTURE CARD SYSTEMS
Included in this Appendix are the detailed
calculations supporting the final comparison of the
two leading candidate systems as summarized in
Chapter 6.4. Subsequent to the initial comparison
of all systems as detailed in CHIVE/R-1-65 (Sec-
tions D and G) and summarized in Chapter 6-3 of
this report, the two systems surviving the cutoff
were subjected to closer scrutiny. A survey of
alternate available equipments designed to pro-
cess either 35mm aperture cards or microfiche was
conducted and an ?optimum ? configuration was de-
veloped for each system. The detail
d description
of these two ?optimum' systems is included in
COMPAPATTVE MALYSTS
6.13,
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this Appendix for purposes of comparing them from
the standpoint of cost, space, and manpower. The
contents of this Appendix have also been published
separately in CHIVE/R-1-65 (Sections R and S), and
are included as part of this report merely for pur-
poses of convenience.
6.B.1. MICROFICHE (PACKED, WITH XEROX PRINTER)
6.B.1.1. Assumptions for the Final SuLte
(1) Input items are to be stored on 105mm by 146mm
(about 4 by 6 in) microfiche. More than one item
will be stored on a microfiche, but each item will
begin a new line. There will be six lines per
fiche, with the top line used for identification
information and each of the remaining lines con-
taining up to 10 pages. The camera reduction ratio
will be adjusted by the operator to put an sh by 14
* 5000 requests per day, 1,000,000 new items per
year, a file size of 10,000,000 items.
COMPARATIVt ANALYSIS
Assumptions for the
Final System
6.B.1.1.
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in page in the same size area normally uged for an
8 by 101/2 in. page. A three or four digit batch
serial number will be recorded in the left margin
of each image line. Since each input item starts
a new line on the fiche, documents that are 10
pages or less will require one line each. Larger
documents will require additional lines. The
suggested format is shown below.
The distribution of page sizes shows that of each
1000 file items, approximately:
894 take 1 line = 894 lines
41 take 2 lines= 82 lines
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Assumptions for the
Final System
6.B.1.1.
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20 take 3 lines = 60 lines
45 take 4 lines = 180 lines
1000 1216
This results in an average of
11000 items) 15 lines
(1216 linesj ( fiche j
= 4.11 items/fiche
'(2) An eye-legible serial number and other identify-
ing information will be typed for the header of each
fiche. The batch serial number will be displayed
by an appropriate device at the camera station.
Assuming that 25 characters are to be typed for each
header,
1 typist-hr ;25 char) 1 fiche ) 1106items)
t10,400 char3 fiche 3 4.11 itemsj yr.
1 mon. ) ( day )
12 1O. 3 22 day t8 hr 5 - 0.28
typists and typewriters would be required for
the specified input rate.
(3) Filming is done with a step-and-repeat camera
at an estimated rate of 1500-2000 exposures/day for
each camera station. Two pages are recorded in
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Assumptions for the
Final System
6.B.1.1.
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each exposure. (This is a more optimistic revision
of the rate of 2000-4000 pages/day for each camera
station used for the analysis of the unit-record
microfiche system.). Current AEC experience with
an equivalent camera is an effective rate of 2250
exposures/day (i.e., 4500 pages/day) for docu-
ments that average about 40-50 pages in length.
At the estimated rates,
7.62 paqes1 fmachine-day ) f106 itemi
t item j 0000-4000p0 F
, yr.
yr120.
mo 7.2 to 9.6
22 day
cameras and operators would be required to handle
the specified input volume on a single shift opera-
tion. Assuming a double shift operation, this
volume could be handled with 4-5 cameras and 4-5
operators on each shift.
(4) Step-and-repeat cameras are currently available
from Microcard Corp., Bell & Howell, and Photo De-
vices, for maximum annual costs of $21,000,. $10,000,
COMPARATIVE_MALYSIS
Assumptions for the
Final System
6.B.1.1.
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and $9000, respectively. Assume that A camera
will be chosen which has a cost on the order of
$9000 to $10,000 per year.
(5) 105mm roll silver film type AH- U Spec. 830 is
used in this camera and records about 200 fiche
per 100 ft roll. This results in
4.11 items ;200 fich
( fiche ( roll
- 822 items per
100 ft. roll.
The film costs $24.39 per 100 ft. roll, resulting
in a ;unit cost of $24.39/822 = $0.02967 per input
item.
(6) The 105mm roll film is developed on a unit
such as the Pako 17-2 which costs approximately
$12,000 U$2400/hr. amort.) and processes film at an
effective rate of 5 ft./min., with a capability to
run up to 3 rolls simultaneously. At this rate,
; roll 1
(822 items)
1_24142___)
(480 min.)
WELIW
( roll
;machine-mini f106iteml
( 5 ft. ( yr. 3
yr.
264 day)
0.19
developers and operators would be required, if no
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Assumptions for the
Final System
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films were run simultaneously.
(7)
The chemicals for the film developer are es-
timated to cost $1500/hr. This results in a unit
cost of $1500/106= $0.0015 per input item.
(8)
After developing the initial silver film, two
duplicate roll copies are made on an Ozalid contact
printer. This unit operates at a nominal rate of
8 ft./min. or 3840 ft/day. (Ref. Ozalid rep.)
Assuming a 75% de-rating and two copies,
(8)
imachine-dav) f ft. fmicrofiche)
o.753t 3840 ft. (2 microfichei t4.11 itemsj
f106items) f
yr
year 2
0. mo
mo. i-0.32 printers and
22 day operators would be
required.
The Ozalid 105mm contact printer (printer and
developer combined) has an estimated cost of $7500
($1500/yr. amort.). The maintenance and chemical
costs are unknown, but estimated to be a total of
about $300/yr (Ref. Ozalid rep.).
(10) The 105 mm diazo film costs about $15 per 100
ft. roll. For two duplicate copies this results
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Assumptions for the
Final System
6.B.1.1.
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in a unit cost of $30/.822,.-, $0.0365 pr input item.
(11) The Recordak Model 12K Cutter is used to cut
the foil film into microfiche. This unit has a
nominal speed of 248000 ft./day. With a 75% de-
rating and 3 rolls to be cut,
[Eoi machine-day 100 ft.
d 249000 ft. ) J122 items
q
yr0(month
t22 da)
= 0.077
6 10items1
yr. )
cutters and operators would be required. This unit
costs $2024 ($405/yr0 amort.) and has an estimated
annual maintenance cost of $20.00.
(12) After cutting, an opaque backing strip is
applied to each header to facilitate reading of
the header information when the cards are in the
file drawers. The backing is put on by a special
hot stamping press that is manually fed, and oper-
ates at an estimated rate of about 20 cards/min.
With 3 copies of each fiche to be backed this wayo
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Assumptions for the
Final System
6.8.1.1.
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3 fiche1 ;machine-mil i106 items1
(4.11 items ( 20 fiche C yr. )
day1 Y2.24.11.-1 = 0.29
(480 min (264 days
stamps and operators would be r quired.
(13) Thestamping unit is estimated to cost $5000
($1000/yr. amort.) and has negligible material and
operating costs.
(14) Assume that a motorized card file such as
the Mosler Selectronic Model 9820 card file will
be used at each file station. This unit costs
$4680 ($936/yr. amort.) with maintenance costs of
about $100/yr. It can store up to 426,000 4 by 6
inch cards. At this rate,
(107 items) file station 1
426,000 microfiche)
imicrofichl-5.72
(4.11 items)
file stations would be r,-quired to hold the speci-
fied file volume.
(15) Assume that the appropriate microfiche is
pulled from the file in response to a request, sent
to the hard copy printer station, and subsequently
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Assumptions for the
Final System
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returned and re-filed at the filing station. Assume
that a file clerk can retrieve or re-file a micro-
fiche in an effective rate of 700/hr. (about 6 sec.
each) This means that about 12 seconds of handling
by a file clerk will be required to retrieve and
subsequently re-file each requested item. Thus
one file clerk can handle 350 request/hr. or 2800
requests/day. At thi rate,
t2600 requests
000_1/22,111Etgi
day - 1.79
file clerks and filing stations would be required
to handle the specified request rate.
(16) A Xerox Automatic Microfiche Enlarger Printer
will be used to obtain hard copy from the microfiche.
This unit operates at a nominal speed of 10 sheets/
min. Assuming a 75% de-rating, this is 7.5 sheets
(min. or 450 sheets/hr.) Assume that the copies
will be prepared with two reduced pages per printed
sheet At this rate,
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Assumptions for the
Final System
6.B.1.1.
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fsheet) 7., 62_j
(2 pgs) , request
2mhine-hr) f day
,450 sheets) (8 hr.)
r922_EggaPAL21 = 5.3
day
machines and operators will be required to handle
the specified request rate.
(17) The above Xerox Printer is available at a
cost of $48,000 ($9600/hr. amort.) with a mainten-
ance cost not establish4ld yet, but assumed to be
about $800/yr.
(18) The materials cost (Raper, toner, etc.) for the
hard copy is estimated to be about one cent per
sheet. This results in a unit material cost of
f7.62 apato fsheet ) = $0.0381 per
(request ) (2 pages) (sheet ) request.
6.B.1.2. Costs for Final System
Fixed Costs:
Min. Max.
Step-and-repeat cameras
(4-5 @ $9-100000/yr) $36,000 $50,000 per yr
Camera operators - 1st
shift (4-5 @ $4580/yr) 18,320 22,900 per yr
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Costs for Final System
6. .1.2.
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Camera operators - 2nd
shift (4-5 @ $5267/yr) 219068 26,335 per year
Typist (1 @ 4300/yr) 4,300 4,300 per year
Typewriter (1 @ 88/Yr) 82 88 per year
Film processor (1 @ $2400/
yr) 2,400 2,400 per year
Ozalid printer (1 @ $1800/
yr) 1,800 1,800 per year
Film backer (1 @ $1000/yr) 18000 1,000 per year
Motorized card files
(6 @ 1036/yr) 6,216
Film cutter (1 @ $425/hr) 425
File clerks (2 @ $4690/yr) 9,380
Xerox microfiche printers
(6 @ $10,400/yr) 62,400
Photo technicians
(7 c $4690/yr)
Film developer 0.19
Contact printer 0.32
Film cutter 0.08
Backing strip 0.29
Xerox printer 5.30
6.18
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6,216 per year
425 per year
9,380 per year
62,400 per year
32,830 32,830 per year
QM. ???46..c9OPRINIMMIN.U.3.00
$196,227 $220,074 per year
COMPARATIVE,ANALYSIS
Costs for Final System
6.8.1.2.
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Input Material Costs
Initial silver roll film
Diaz? copy film
Film processor Chemicals
$0.02967 per input item
0.03650 "
0.00150
11 11
$0.06767 per input item
Output Material Costs2
Paper, toner, etc. for
Xerox printer $0.0381 per request
Total annual cost (in dollars) = (191,839 to 215,686)
4. $0.06767 per input item
+ $0.0381 per request
191,839
67,670
50,300
309,809
Staff = 4 + 1
4 + 1
2
7
18 - 20
6.B.1.3. Assumptions for Intermediate S stem*
(1) - Same as R-1. No. (1).
(2) - No0 of typi
0.14
ts and typewriters required =
(3) - No0 of cameras and operators required = 3.6
* 3000 requests per day, 500,000 new items per year,
a file size of 5,000,000 items.
COMPARATIV2IANAINSIS
Assumptions for Inter-
mediate System
6.B.103.
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4.61 for single shift operations. Assum-
ing a double shift operation, this could
be reduced to 2-3 cameras and 4-5 opera-
tors. (Min0 case is 2 cameras with 2
operators on first shift and 2 operators
on second shift.)
(4)-(5) Same as R-1. Nos, (4)-(5).
(6) - No0 of developers and operators required
= 0.1
(7) - Chemicals for the developer as estimated
to cost $750.yr0 This results in a unit
cost of $0.0015 per input item.
(8) - No0 of contact printers and operators
required = 0.16.
(9)-(10) Same as R-1. Nos. (9)-(10).
(11) - No0 of cutters and operators required = 0.04
(12) - No0 of backing stamps and operators re-
quired = 0.15.
(13) - Same as R-i. No. (13).
(14) - No0 of motorized file stations required =
2.86.
(15) - No0 of file clerks required = 1.08
(16) -
No. of Xerox printer and operators
required =
(17)-(18) Same a .R-1. Nos Wp-O.C.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
AsaL.mptIons for
1LtermediateSystem
60E01.3.
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6.8.1.4. Costs for Intermediate System
Fixed Costs:
Step-and-repeat cameras
(2-3 @ $9-10,000/yr) $
Camera operators - 1st
shift (2-3 @$4580/yr)
Camera operators - 2nd
shift (2 @ $5267/yr)
Typist (1 @ $4300/yr)
Typewriter (1 @ $88/yr)
Film processor (1 @ $2400/yr)
Ozalid printer (1 @ $1800/yr)
Film backer (1 @ $1000/yr)
Motorized card files (3 @
$1036/yr)
Film cutter (1 $425/yr)
File clerks (2 @ $4690/yr)
Xerox microfiche printers
(4 @ $10,400/yr)
Photo technicians
(4 $4690/yr)
Min.
Max.
pr yr
51
"
H
"
"
"
1111
"
"
St
"
111
"
SI
"
"
"
"
18,000
9,160
10,534
4,300
88
2,400
1,800
1,000
3,108
425
9,380
41,600
18,760
$ 30,000
13,740
10,534
4,300
88
2,400
1,800
1,000
3,108
425
9,380
41,600
18,760
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Costs for Intermediate System
6.B.1.4.
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Film developer
0.10
Contact printer
0.16
Film Cutter
0.04
Backing strip
0.15
Xerox printer
3.18
3.63
Input Material Costs
Initial silver roll film
Diazo copy film
Film processor chemicals
Output Material Costsg
Paper, ton r, etc., for
Xerox printer
$120,555 $137,135 pr yr
$0.02967 per input
item
0.03650 per input
item
0.00150 per input
item
$0.06767 per input
item
$0.0381 per request
Total annual cost (in dollars) = (120,555 to 137,135)
+ $0.06767 per input
item
$0.0381 per request
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Costs for Intermediate
System
6. .1.4.
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6.B.1.5. Assumptions for Initial System*
(1) Same as R-1. No. (1).
(2) No. of typists and typewriters required
0.03.
(3)
No. of cameras and operators required =
0.72 - 0.96.
(4)-(5) Same as R-1. Nos. (4)-(5).
(6) No. of developers and operators required =
0.02.
(7)
Chemicals for the developer are estimated
to cost $150/yr. This results in a unit
cost of $0.0015 per input item.
(8) No. of contact printers and operators re-
quired = 0.03.
(9)-(10) Same as R-1. Nos. (9)-(10).
(11) No. of cutters and operators required =
0.01.
(12) No. of backing stamps and operators
required = 0.03.
(13) Same as R-1. No. (13).
500 requests per day, 100,000 new items per year,
a file size of 500,000 items.
COMPNWATIVELINNALMIS
Am+ Assumptions for Initial
System
6.B.1.5.
01110
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(14) No. of motorized card files required =
0.29.
(15) No. of file clerks required = 0.18.
Assume that the file handling and
typing are handled by the same pers
no
(16) No. of Xerox printers required- 0.53.
(17)-(18) Same as R-1. Nos. (17)-(18).
6.B.1.6. Costs for Initial
Max.
pr yr
"
Fixed Costsg
Step-and-repeat cameras
(1 @ 9-10,000/yr)
Camera operators -1st
shift(1 $4580/yr)
Min.
$ 9,000
4,580
$ 10,000
4,580
Typewriter (1 @ $88/yr)
88
88
"
Film processor (1 @
$2400/yr)
2,400
2,400
"
Ozalid printer (1 @
$1800/hr)
1,800
1,800
"
Film backer (1
$1000/yr)
1,000
1,000
"
Motorized card files
(1 @ $1036/yr)
1,036
1,036
"
Film cutter (1 @ $425/yr)
425
425
"
18
COMPARATIVg ANALYSIS
Costs for Initial System
6.B.1.6.
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File clerks (1@ $4690/yr)
Xerox microfiche printers
(1 @ $10,400/yr)
4,690
10,400
4,690 per yr
10,400 "
Photo technicians
(1 @ $4690/yr)
4,690
4,690
"
Film developer
0.02
Contact printer
0.03
Film cutter
0.01
Backing strip
0.03
Xerox printer
0.53
0.62
$40,109
Input Material Costst
$41,109 per yr
Initial silver roll film $0.02967 per input item
Diazo copy film
Film processor chem-
icals
Output Material Costst
Paper, toner, etc., for
Xerox printer
Total annual cost (in dollars)
-201-
0.03650
0.00150 "
$0.0381 perrequest
= (40,109 to 41,109)
$0.06767 per input
item
+ $0.0381 per request
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Costs for Initial System
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40,109
6,767
5,030
$51,906
TABLE 6.B-1
SPACE REQUIREMENTS FOR MICROFICHE (PACKED, WITH XEROX PRINTER)
UNIT
,Unit
Dimensions
INITIAL
INTER-
MEDIATE
-------.
FINAL
Estimated
SpaceRequire-
ments per-mit
including wet,
space
# of Sp-
Units aosjnits
Req. Reg
# of Sp-
ace
Req. Req.
.
# Of Sp-
ace Units
Required
(in.) (SqFt)
. (Sq.
sq.
LWH
ft
' ft)
(Sq. ft.)
Step & Repeat
200-
400-4
camera
100*
1 100
2-3 300
4-5 500
rypist desk
40*
1 4o
1 40
1 4o
Film processor
100*
1 100
1 100
1 100
Ozalid printer
(table 45*
mounted)
1 45
1 45
1 45
-Alm backer
50*
1 50
1 50
1 50
MoslerSelectron-
L,
ic card file
65*
1 65
3 195
6 390
7ilm cutter
(table 40*
mounted)
1 40
1 40
1 40
Xerox printer
80-
1 80-
4 320-
6 480-
100
loo
400
600
520-
990-
1757
54o
117o
1765
* Observation
Df installed
units.
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6.8.2. FILMSORT 2000 DX (WITH QUADRANT PRINTER)
6.8.2.1. lig.amptions for Final_aigI2e
(1) Each Filmsort 2000DX aperture card can hold
up to eight legal size page images at 24:1 re-
duction. For the anticipated page size distribu-
tions, and assuming that no more than one document
will ever be on any card, the following number of
cards will be required for each 1000 input items:
872 items require 1 card = 872 cards
37 items require 2 cards = 74 cards
37 items require 3 cards = 111 cards
9 items require 4 cards = 36 cards
45 items require 5 cards
= 225 cards
1318 cards
This results in an average of .1318 cards per item.
(2) The processing rate of the Filmsort 2000DX
is estimated to be 400-500 cards per day.
- 3M Company brochures state: "From
original record to a fully-processed
5000 requests per day, 1,000,000 new items per
year, a file size of 10,000,000 items.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Assumptions for Final
System
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or
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Approved For Release 2064 : CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
Filmsort aperture card in less than a
minute" and "In just 54 seconds, the
Filmsort 1000d converts any document
to a microfilm record mounted in a
Filmsort aperture card." This would
amount to 533 cards per day. Derating
the performance 75% results in a rate
of 400 cards per day.
- One 3M representative cites one Air
Force installation of F-1000 equipment
that experiences an average of 400
cards per day.
- Another 3M representative suggests that
320 cards per day is a good conserva-
tive estimate, with the Filmsort 1000
camera and that he had seen some in-
stallations that experienced 200-250
cards per day.
- 3M Company estimates the 2000DX cycle
time to be 45 sec/card. De-rating this
75% gives an effective rate of 480-540
cards per camera.
At the assumed rate, a total ofg
1Machine-day_ 11.318 cardsi 1106 items
C400-500 cards C items C year 5
; month
12 mo j C22 daysj
9.97 - 12.5
F02000DX cameras and operators would be required for
a single shift operation. For double shift operation,
COMPARATIW ANALYSIS
Assumptions for Final
System
6.B.2.1.
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5-7 cameras and 10-13 operators would be required.
(3) The Filmsort 2000DX is expected to cost
$5090 ($1018/hr. amortized). The maintenance cost
for purchased equipment is estimated to be $341/yr
per unit. In order to be able to provide both
16:1 and 24:1 reductions, on the same camera, a
modification will be required for each camera at
a cost of $1500/unit (Ref., 3M representative).
This results in a total equipment cost of $1659/yr
per unit.
(4) Filmsort 1000d camera cards come in magazines
of 500 cards, at a cost of $26.90 per magazine for
large lots (Ref., 3M 1964 GSA price list). This
amounts to a cost of
Ma6..90 1 ;1.318 cardsj
t500 cards, t item
= $0.071 per input item
(5) Filmsort 1000d requires fixer and developer
at the rate of 1 quart each for every 200 cards
(ref., 3M representative, June 1964). The cost of
fixer and developer is $1.23 and $1.47 per quart,
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Assumptions for Final
System
6.8.2.1.
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Approved For Release 2009M-6 : CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
respectively (ref., 3M GSA price list). This
amounts to a total unit cost of
f $2.70 1 c1.318 cardsi
t200 cards) t item
- $0.0178 per input item
(6) An Identification number and other information
for each document is to be punched into a work card
by a keypunch operator. The cards are also veri-
fied by a keypunch operator. Assuming that a
25 - digit number is punched into each card,
f1.0 cards 1 fmachine-h. 1 f25 4106itemsj
t item 0000 digits) t card 3t yr.
112rMoj t22 day/8dhrl 1.48
keypunch machines and operators would be required
for the specified input rate. The same number of
verifier machines and operators would also be re-
quired. For double shift operation only 1 of each
of the keypunch machines would be required.
(7) The cost of the IBM work card is
$1.00 1 fl cardl
(1000 cards) t Item 1
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$0.001 per input item
COMP A RAT I VD4ANAL YSI S
Assumptions for Final
System
6.B.2.1.
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Approved For Release 2000/04/14: CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
SECRET
(8) Duplicate aperture card copies for the two
external files will be prepared on the IBM copier-
reproducer at an estimated rate of 1575 cards/hr.
- The nominal speed of this equipment is
2100 cards/hr. Derating this equipment
75% results in an effective rate of
1575 cards/hr.
- 3M representatives cite their opera-
ting experience as an effective 1600
cards/hr0 for their equivalent machine
with a nominal speed of 200 cards/hr.
At this rate, and with the need for 2 duplicate
copies, a total of
2 (machine-hr) (1.318 cards) (106items)
(1575 cards) ( item ) ( yr. )
0.78
(22 day)
machines and operators would be required.
(9) The IBM card copier costs $65,000 ($13,000/
yr amortized). The maintenance costs for a pur-
chased unit are $1700/yr. This results in a total
cost of $14,700/yr. for a purchased system (ref.,
IBM representative).
COMPAgATIVE ANALYSIS
Assumptions for Final
System
6.t.2.1.
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Approved For Release 2o0witi : CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
(10) The diazo aperture cards used to make the
duplicate copies cost $22.50 per thousand in large
lots. With two copies required, this results in a
unit cost of
2 1 $22.50 11.318 cards_
$0.05931 per input
(1000 cards) ( item
item.
(11) After punching, the aperture cards are inter-
preted by an IBM 557 Alphabetic Interpreter. This
unit operates at a nominal rate of 1000 cards/min.
Derating the performance 75% results in an effective
rate of 75 cards/min. or 36,000 cards/day. This
means that with 3 aperture card copies of each item
to be interpreted,
3 1machine-dayi 110 items i 1
) 12 mo.)tdaY
(36,000 card) ( yr.
11.318 cards i =
( item )
0.415
interpreters and operators would be required.
(12) A motorized card file will be used for each
file station. A representative example is the Mosler
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Assumptions for Final
System
6.B.2.1.
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SECRET
Selectronic Model 9820, which costs $4680 per unit
($936/hr. amortized) and can store up to 444,000
aperture cards. ' Maintenance costs are about $100/
hr. Approximately
le station ) (1.318 cardsi
(107items) 1fi444,000 cards item = 29.7
?
card files would be required to hold the record
for 10 million items.
(13) Assume that the appropriate microfiche is
, pulled from the file in response to a request, sent
to a hard copy printer station, and subsequently
retrieved and re-filed at the filing station. It
is estimated that the cards can be pulled from the
file at an estimated rate of 700/hr. (about 6 sec.
each), and that thy could be refiled at the same
rate. A Mosler rep0 quoted the following ratesg
- filing of checks that are already in numer-
ical sequences 1200/hr.
- pulling of checks for statements in numer-
ical sequence: 900/hr.
- reference lookups for current balances, etc.:
1200/hr.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Assumptions for Final
System
6.B.2.1.
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Approved ForRelease20Wkig4 : CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
- random access tab card pulling: 700/hr.
Similar rates were quoted in a recent journal article.
This means that a total of 12 seconds of handling
by a file clerk will be required to retrieve and
subsequently re-file each requested item. Thus,
one clerk can handle 350 request/hr or 2800 re-
quests/day. At this rate,
fclerk-dayl i5000 requests 1=
(2800 reqs) ( day
file clerks and filing stations would be required
to handle the specified request rate.
(14) Hard copy is to be prepared from the aperture
card using a modified 3M Quadrant printer. This
(the Octant) unit costs $1,795 ($359/hr. amoritze/d)
(3M quote) with a maintenance cost unstated but
estimated to be $200/yr.
1.79
(15) The 3M Quadrant printer is expected to oper-
ate at' the effective rate of 5400 sheets/day, with
2 pages printed on each sheet.
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Assumptions for Final
System
6.8.2.1.
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Approved For Release 2000/04ERMIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
At this rate,
17.62 page imachine-dayl 15000 requests 1 = 3.53
(request ) (10,800 pgs ) ( day
printers and operators would be required.
(16) The paper for the 3M Quadrant printer costs
$6.61 per each 8-1/2 in. x 400 ft. roll in large
lots (3M quote). This amounts to a unit cost
of
06.61 1 f ft.
MOO ftej fl2 in.
sheet _
t2 page
per request.
13-shell
$0.0683
f7.62 pawl
f request 3
6.B.2.2. Costs for Final System
Max.
Fixed Costs:
- Filmsort 2000DX cameras
Min.
$1659/yr)
$ 8,295
$ 11,613 Pr yr
- Camera operators -
1st shift (5-7 @
$4580/yr)
22,900
32,060 "
- Camera operators -
2nd shift (5-7 @
?
$5267/yr)
26,335
31,602 "
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Costs for Final System
6.B.2.2.
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Approved For Release 20Mat1+14 : CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
- IBM 026 keypunch
(1 @ $720/yr)
720
720 pr yr
- IBM 056 verifier
(1 @ $600/yr)
600
600 "
- Keypunch operators
(4 @ $4635/yr)
18,540
18,540 "
- IBM ap0 card copier
(1 @ $14,700/yr)
14,700
14,7,00 "SI
- IBM 557 Interpreter
(1 @ $1980/yr)
1,980
1,980 "
- Motorized card files
(30 ? $1036/yr)
31,080
31,080 "
- File clerks
(2 @ $4690/yr)
9,380
9,380 "
- Quadrant printer
(4 @ $449/yr)
2,236
2,236 "
- Photo technicians
(5 $5010/yr)
25,050
25,050 "
IBM ap0 card copier
0.78
IBM Interpreter
0.42
Quadrant printer
3.53
4.73
$161,816
$179,561 per year
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Costs for Final System
6.B.2.2.
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Input Material Costs:
Camera cards
Fixer & developer
IBM work card
Diazo ap. cards
Output Material Costsg
$0.07100 per input item
0.01780
01
0.00100 "
0.05931 "
$0.14911 per input item
Quadrant paper $0.0683 per request
Total annual cost (in dollars) = (161,816 to
179,561)
+ 0.14911 per input
item
0.0683 per request
161,816
149,110
90/926
400,926
6.B.2.3. Assumptions for Intermediate System *
(1) Same as S-1. no. (1)
* 3000 requests per day, 500,000 new items per year,
a file size of 5,000,000 items.
C0MPP4IATIVE,ANALYS1S
Assumptions for Inter-
mediate System
6.B.2.3.
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(2)
No. of cameras and operators required =
4.98 - 6.25 for single shift operation.
For an assumed double shift operation,
3 cameras would be required, with 3
operators on first shift and 2 op rators
on second shift for the optimistic case.
For the pessimistic case, 4 cameras would
be required, with 4 operators on first
shift and 3 operators on second shift.
(3)-(5) Same as S-1. Nos. (3)-(5)
(6) No0 of keypunch machines and operators
required m 0.74
No. of verifier machines and operators
required am 0.74
(7) Same as S-1. no. (7).
(8) No. of aperture card copying machines and
operators required = 0.39
(9)-(10) Same as S-1. Nos. (9)-(10)
(11) No. of interpreters and operators required
=0.21
(12) No. of motorized card files required = 14.8
(13) No. of file clerks and operators required
= 1.07
(14) Same as S-1. No. (14).
(15) No. of Quadrant printers required - 2.12.
(16) Same as S-1. No. (16)
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Assumptions for Inter-
mediate System
6.B.2.3.
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6.B.2.4. Costs for Intermediate System
Max.
per yr
"
Fixed Costs:
Filmsort 2000DX cameras
(3-4 @ $1659/yr)
Camera operators - 1st
shift (3-4 @ $4580/yr)
min.
$ 4,977 $ 6,636
13,740 18,320
Camera operators - 2nd
shift (2-3 @ $5267/yr)
10,534
15,801
"
IBM 026 keypunch
(1 $720/yr)
720
720
"
IBM 056 verifier
(1 @ $600/yr)
600
600
Keypunch operators
(2 @ $4635/yr)
9,270
9,270
"
IBM ap. card copier
(1 @ $14,700/yr)
14,700
14,700
"
is
IBM 557 Interpreter
(1 @ $1980/yr)
1,980
1,980
"
Motorized card files
(15 @ $1036/yr)
15,540
15,540
"
File clerks
(2 $4690/yr)
9,380
9,380
"
Quadrant printer
(3 @ $559/yr)
1,677
1,677
"
Is
(:)M1)1011434-IVELAVALYSIS
Costs for Intermediate
System
6.B.2.4.
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Photo technicians
(3 @ $5010/yr) 15,030 15,030 per yr
IBM ap0 card copier
0.39
IBM Interpreter
0.21
Quadrant printer
2.12
2.72
Input Material Costs
Camera cards
Fixer & Developer
IBM work card
Diazo ap. cards
Output Material Costs
$98,148 $109,654
$0.07100 per input item
0.01780
ae
0.00100 "
_0.05931 "
$U.14911 per input item
00 00
00 00
00 00
Quadrant paper $0.0683 per request
Total annual cost (in dollars) = (98,148 to 109,654)
0.14911 per input item
0.0683 per request
CO/VAR/42nm _ANALYSIS
Cost for Intermediate
System
6.3.2.4.
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6.B.2.5. Assumptions for Initial System *
(1) Same as S-1. No. (1).
(2) No. of cameras and operators required =
0.99 - 1.25. This range could be
handled by a single camera working from
one to two shifts.
(7)
(8)
(13)
(14) . Same as S-1 No. (14).
(15)
Same as S-1. Nos. (3)-(5)
No. of keypunch units and operators required =
0.15
No, of verifier units and operators re-
quired = 0.15
Same as S-1. No. (7).
No. of aperture card copier machines
operators required = 0.08
Same as S-1. Nox. (9)-(10).
No. of interpreters and operators
required = 0.04
and
No. of motorized card files required =
1.48.
No. of file clerks required = 0.18.
No. of Quadrant printers
required = 0.35.
(16) Same as S-1. No. (16).
and operators
* 500 requests per day, 100,000 new items per year,
a file size of 500,000 items.
COMFARATaV,t,
Assumptions
System
6.B.2.5.
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ANALYSIS
for Initial
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Approved For Release 20(02414 : CIA-RDP78-03952A000100060001-6
6.8.2.6. Costs for Initial System
Fixed Costs:
Filmsort 2000DX cameras
(1 $1659/yr)
Camera operators - 1st
shift (1 @ $4580/yr)
Min.
11.42L.
$ 1,659 per yr
4,580 "
$ 1,659
4,580
Camera operators - 2nd
shift (1 @ $5267/yr)
5,267
5,267
"
IBM 026 keypunch
(1 @ $720/yr)
720
720
"
II
IBM 056 verifier
(1 @ $600/yr)
600
600
"
II
Keypunch operators
(1 @ $4635/yr)
4,635
4,635
"
IBM,ap. card copier
1 @ $14,700/yr)
14,700
14,700
"
IBM 557 Interpreter
(1 @ $1980/yr)
1,980
1,980
"
Motorized card files
(2 @ $1036/yr)
2,072
2,072
"
File clerks
(1 @ $4690/yr)
4,690
4,690
"
Quadrant printer
(1 @ $559/yr)
559
559
II
H
COMPARATIURMAZALYSES
Costs for Initial
System
6.B.2.6,
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Photo technicians
(1 @ $5010/yr) 5,010 5,010 per yr
IBM ap. card copier
0.08
IBM Interpreter
0.04
Quadrant printer
0.35
0.47
Input Material Costs:
Camera cards
Fixer & developer
IBM work card
Diazo ap. cards
$41,205 $41,205 per yr
$0.07100 per input item
0.01780 "
0.00100 "
0.05931 "
St
St
$0.14911 per input item
Output Material Costs:
Quadrant printer $0.0683 per request
Total annual cost (in dollars) = (41,205)
+ 0.14911 per input
item
+ 0.0683 per request
41,205
14,911
9,093
$65,209
COMPARAMIVRIANALYSIS
Costs for Initial System
6.B.2.6.
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TABLE 6.B-2
SPACE REQUIREMENTS FOR FILMSORT 2000DX WITH QUADRANT
Estamated
UNIT Space Re-
imen- gutted per
ions Units incl.
area
lifll.ft.)
.
. 1111.11.AL
# of Units Space
Required Req.
.
INTEUMLDIATt?
# Units Space
Req. Req.
FINAL
if Units Space
Req. . Req.
.
LWH
(Sq.ft.:
(Sq. ft.)
(So.ft.),_
Filmsort 2000 DX
100*
1, 100
3-4 300-400
5-7 500-700
Camera
IBM 026 Keypunch
45*
1 45
1 45
1 45
ISM 056 Verifier
45*
1 45
1 45
1 45
E,BM ap.rd copier
'5.
1 55
i 55
1 55
IBM 557 Interpreter
45*
1 45
1 45
1 45
Mosier Selectronic
Card File
65*
2 130
15 975
30 1950
Qladrant Printer
4O1-*
1 40
3 ?120
4 160
-4K-6
W5571685--
-Abb---gboo
* Observation of in
?talled units.
** Standard estimate
of desk mounted units
of 40 sq. ft. pea
desk unit taken frciia
the Navy
? Planning Guide an
I
substantiated by cdaservation
of installed
units.
?
,
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77111i '1 :1 1
1 1 1
Approved For Release 2000411A-RDP7ECO
_
Appendix 6.C.
10E4444
NARRATIVE REPORT ON THE HARD COPY QUALITY TEST
111:
0001-6
Originally, it was planned to process a test batch
of 100 documents through each of the six systems in order
to provide a basis for timing the input and output operations
and technically evaluating the products. However, only
one of the systems had sufficient hardware on hand to
accommodate that many test documents. The CRIS system,
although originally scheduled, had equipment failures
and became unavailable over a two month period for even
a limited test. It turned out that the OCR/MD 16mm aperture
card system was the only one in a position to process
the entire test batch. Recordak had the MIRACODE equipment
sporadically available, but the MEDIA, Microfiche, and
Filmsort 1000d systems had to be tested in various customers'
offices. Consequently, the original plan to process 100
dOcuments and to time the various work steps involved
had to be abandoned. Instead, a varying number of document
pages, from 10 to 50, (depending on the degree to which we
disrupted the various user installations) were processed
through the several systems described in more detail
NARRATIVE ON HARD COPY
6.C.
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1
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below. By necessity, all of the evaluation factors
initially hoped for were unobtainable, but this modified
test did provide a means of comparing the quality of the
final hard copies produced from each of the systems in
terms of line resolution and user acceptability.
For the MEDIA test, 50 documents were filmed on a
MEDIA camera at the International Machinists Union in
downtown Washington. Negative film (16mm Dynacolor) was
processed locally. Positive film print was produced,
chopped into MEDIA cards and stored in magazines. A few
hard copy prints of very poor quality were produced on
their Selector-Reproducer. A MEDIA representative then
took a magazine of positive film chips to the John Hancock
installation in Boston where the Reproducer unit is
equipped with a projection printing apparatus rather than
the scan type printer used at the Machinists Union. Hard
copies produced in Boston from the same file were of
tolerable quality. Six of those hard copy prints were
used for subsequent comparison test with hard copy prints
from other systems. A MEDIA representative also took a
batch of documents to Boston and processed them through the
entire system there. Hard copy prints from that operation
were not quite as good as those filmed here and printed
NARRATIVE ON HARD COPY
6.C.
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11"41-1UL.1\1 I (AL
Approved ForRelease2000/041A-RDID78-03952A000100060001-6
in Boston. Unfortunately, the filming and printing of a
resolution chart was overlooked for this system. However,
an estimate of the resolution was calculated by a rough
comparison with the microfiche resolution reading. This
system as presently constituted cannot handle 8 1/2" x 14"
document printout. The enlargement ratio is 95% of original
size and the print paper is only 11" in length, therefore
about 2" of the document is not covered by the print.
This, of course, would be no problem when the MEDIA with
roll film output becomes available.
For the MIRACODE test, about 50 documents were recorded
on the MIRACODE camera at the local Recordak office. This
was after several false starts due to equipment malfunctioning
brought on by moving the equipment to and from various
business shows. The 16mm film was processed
by Recordak and loaded onto a Lodestar magazine. Twenty-five
pages were selected and printed on the Lodestar Reader-
Printer Model PEK. Selection was made by thqbbeyboard
selector. Six prints were used for comparison with prints
from other systems.
For the Filmsort 1000d Aperture Card test about 20
documents were filmed at the office of the local 3M
Company distributor. Both letter and legal size
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documents were filmed. The 'Mil D' aperture cards
produced were contact printed onto diazo aperture cards at
an Air Force installation in the Pentagon. The diazo
aperture cards were used to produce sample hard copy
first by using the 3M Quadrant Printer at the local
distributor's office and also by using the Xerox 24C at
the Vitro Corporation in Wheaton, Md. Prints from both
output printers were used in the user comparison survey.
The 16mm aperture card test was conducted using
equipment currently located on premises (in OCR/MD).
The 'Mil E' aperture cards were mounted and printed
using the Photostat Expediter. About 50 documents were
processed and from these the six corresponding pages were
selected for comparison purposes.
For the microfiche portion of the test, the equipment
used was equipment installed at the Office of Technical
Services, Department of Commerce. A limited number of
documents were filmed on the Microcard Step-and-Repeat
Camera (Model SR-1). The processed silver film was duplicated
onto diazo roll film and both the silver and diazo rolls
were cut into 4"x6" microfiche. Hard copy was produced
on the Microcard Enlarger (Model EL-3) from both the silver
and the diazo fiche. The output silver paper was processed
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on the Recordak Ektaline Processor. Resultant prints
from the original silver which proved superior to those
from the subsequent generation diazo microfiche, were
selected for user comparison with prints from the other
systems.
Twelve Agency analysts who have been regular users
of the Intellofax system volunteered to view, compare
and rank the hard copy prints, using sample pages that
were common to each system. They were asked to give a
subject ranking of the four best samples of hard copy
for each cogresponding page. The individual scores were
merged to form a consensus that is shown in Table 6-12.
In general, all of the samples were acceptable by
the users, with some preferences being shown for particu-
lar systems. And although each candidate system was not
tested completely, most of the components (e.g., Xerox
Copyflo printer, 3M Quadrant printer) were shown to give
satisfactory printing performance. This would seem to
permit the generalization that all of the candidates would
give varying degrees of acceptable quality hard copy.
The only possible exception is the Videofile which requires
a less conventional printing technique that has not been
demonstrated with that system to date.
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Most of the configurations under consideration
provided hard copy at some degree of reduction from the
original size. The users had no particular objection
to this reduction, and each system with little extra
effort or cost could probably be designed to produce
exactly the reduction required instead of the reductions
indicated in-Table 6-12.
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