MANAGEMENT ACTIVITY IN THE OFFICE OF TRAINING IN FISCAL YEAR 1961

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-04314A000100120022-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 62
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 9, 2001
• Sequence Number: 22
• Publication Date: October 13, 1961
• Content Type: MF

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T el docament li part of an integrated 13 October 1961
foe, If separated from the file it most ba
sebJeoted to lndridui sysismatle rarliw,
MEMORANDUM FOR; Deputy Director (Support)
SUBJECT ; Management Activity in the Office of Training
in Fiscal Year 1961
1. In compliance with your request, attached hereto is a report
of management activity in the Office of Training in FY 1961. The
report presents accomplishments, experiments, trends, and antici-
pated activity in the future.
2. The attached report was prepared in the degree of detail which
was believed most suitable for the management purposes of the Office
of Training itself. It has been interesting to find that the very prep-
aration of the report has served to focus attention on problem areas
and to sharpen the perspectives of those in management positions in
OTR. In addition, both during and after its preparation the report
has already proved valuable for reference and research purposes, for
lectures, for providing an organized basis for briefings, and for other
management purposes
3. In view of the comprehensiveness of the attached report, it
is believed appropriate to note here some of the highlights of QTR
activity during FY 1961. These items of information, not in order of
importance, are as follows:
a. In addition to the continuous revision of existing
training courses to make them more responsive to training re-
quirements, the following new courses were offered during
the year.
(I) Intelligence Briefing Course
(2) Advanced Writing Workshops
(3) Correspondence Course for Writing Workshop (Basic)
(4) rhtel3igence Review Course
(5) -Senior Management Seminars
(6) Office ' Practices Course
(7) Dictation Techniques Course
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(8) d Response" Seminars
(9)
(10)
(11) Basic arami itary Course nactive since 1953)
(12) 16 additional country Americans Abroad Orientations
(13) China Familiarization Course
(14) Middle East Lecture Series
(retitled "Training of Agency Employees") has therefore been
drafted for coordination. (See Section S)
Inspector General. A proposed complete revision o
b. During the year it became apparent that there was a need
for more specific statements of the responsibilities of Deputy
Directors and Operating Officials with respect to establishing
training requirements for personnel in various categories, direct-
ing the training of personnel who fail to meet these requirements,
conducting formal courses of instruction, and establishing on-
the-job training programs. In addition, it was felt desirable to 25X1 A
establish more specifically the responsibilities of the Director
of Training, partially in connection with recommendations of the
c. In March 1961 the processing of professional test
battery results on the RCA 501 computer became effective. This
has resulted in more efficient and more rapid processing of data,
and the release of all IBM equipment by the Assessment and
Evaluation Staff except for a key punch and verifier to be released
in FY 1962. In addition to A&E Staff use of the RCA 501, in
FY 1961 systems analyses were well underway which will utilize
the RCA 501 to maintain the Agency Training Record and the train-
ing records of individual employees. For this latter project it is
expected that actual programing for input and retrieval will begin
by January 1962. (See Sections P and S)
d. For FY 1961 there was a disappointing drop in the number
of junior officers selected and enrolled in the Junior Officer
Training Program. The decrease was attributable to a variety of
causes, and several actions are being taken to increase enroll-
ments and to improve the program. (See Section 0)
e. There was a significant increase in enrollments in
Americans Abroad Orientations during the year, including many
more dependents. More than 50 percent more courses were con-
ducted and first-time presentations were made for 15 countries
and ~ (See Sections M and R)
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f. It ma be concluded that the seminar in management
practices and the Senior Management Seminar (Pro-
w c were conducted during the year at the
ere effective and served the purposes
for which they were intended. Another Senior Management Seminar
with has been scheduled. (See Section E)
g. Among the beginning of
construction of th t th
an the approval of the construction of perma-
nent facilities (Administrative and Academic Building,
student activities building, etc.) at~f the Station. This
permanent construction re-emphasizes the contribution which the
Station will continue to provide to the Agency's training effort.
(See Section L)
h. On 1 July 1961 the facility was transferred
to the Agency Although it is still necessary to
or ng alterations and other construction at
the Agency will have a satisfactory facility for
aritime training and testing activities. (See
I. During FY 1961 the Language and Area School moved its
offices and classes to Arlington Towers. Although the space
available in that building for tutorial training continues to be
inadequate (see Section M),, the accommodations are more com-
fortable and professional than those in the temporary buildings
in Washington.
J. The responsibilities of the OTR Briefing Officer were
amended significantly during the year. He has been given increased
responsibility for planning and coordinating the briefings of senior
UeS. officials, and the total number of persons briefed increased
50 percent over FY 1960. Both the number of ambassadors and the
number of MAAG's briefed increased 400%. (See Section C)
k. Nineteen persons from the Office of Training provided
full-time support to the WHMproject at various times during the
year; the length of assignments varied from four weeks to the
full year. (See Section S). Employee and black training accom-
plished at the in connection with the
project are included in the statistical tables in Section L; specific
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information concerning such training, including overseas and
other domestic training for the project, is not recorded in this
report in order to permit wider distribution of the report. In
addition to other support given to the project, the A&E Staff
completed 90 assessments for WHUas is Indicated in Section P.
1. The Office of Training increased it's: rpability to provide .
paramilitary training during FY 1961. The Basic Paramilitary
Course was presented for the first time since 1953. The experi-
ence resulted in plans to offer the course again in September 1961,
25x1 A6a and to include two weeks of training at th
Ing Center in as well as seven days of field training in
25X1A6a the It is anticipated that the course will
be presented twice each year. (See Section L)
m. The motion picture "Personal Security" was completed,
shown to 13 preview audiences for test purposes, and then
released for general Agency use. (See Section Q)
n, Several key aspects of the Agency's language training
program were changed or emphasized more firmly during the year.
These include the assignment of increased responsibility to DD/P
division chiefs and career panels with respect to scheduling and
directing training in languages, establishing degrees of language
proficiency required of persons and for positions, mandatory
language proficiency testing, decreased reliance on tutorial
language training, and others. These developments, which re-
flect a more realistic and "mandatory" approach to accomplishing
language training to meet the Agency's actual needs, are described
in Section M.
o. A promising development during the year was the attention
given to preparing a mid-career development or training program
for Agency officers. Renewed attention to this matter was trig-
gered by a recommendation in the Inspector General's report of
his survey of training. As a result OTR submitted recommendations
to the Career Council concerning the establishment of such a pro-
gram, and drafted a proposed "core" mid-career training course
presumably applicable to all career services. Planning for a
senior officer's development program has been held in abeyance until
the mid-career concepts become firm. (See Section S)
p. Several recommendations of the Inspector General were
referred to the Career Development Board by OTR during the year.
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These were the proposals that there be a senior "board of
overseers" for certain training matters, and that representatives
of the Deputy Directorates serve on JOT selection and placement
panels. The Board was asked to consider whether or not it is
feasible for the Board itself to perform the functions of the pro-
posed groups. (See Section S)
q. During the year OTR followed closely the developments
in the new field of programed learning. Highly interesting
claims have been made as to the effectiveness, speed, and other
characteristics,of this new method of instruction, and OTR must
be able to. determine its applicability to Agency training situations.
The activities of the Specialist in Programed Learning, the pro-
ject for teaching OTR instructors how to prepare programed ma-
terials, the programed instruction which we are developing, and
related matters are described in Section Q.
r. An event which occurred during the year and which was
welcomed by OTR was the fact that upon completion of his tour
of duty with OTR the Chief of the Operations School became
the DD/P Training and Qualifications Review Officer. It is be-
lieved that this will result in improved understanding and com-
munication between OTR and the elements of the DD/P organization.
a. OTR anticipates increased attention to the type of training
represented by the Principles of Overseas Effectiveness (POE).
This course has been found to be most suitable for experienced
middle-grade and senior officers, and has been considerably re-
vised for such students. This training may be offered twice a
year or more often, and it is also planned that a series of "Country
Companions" to the new course will be introduced and will pro-
vide specific interpretations of POE concepts in relation to given
countries. In addition, a version of the POE expressly designed
for JOT training is 'being planned, and incorporation of a version
of the POE into the mid-career "core" course is under consideration.
MATTHEW BAIRD
Director of Training
Attachment:
Management Report
OTR, FY 1961
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MANAGEMENT REPORT
OFFICE OF TRAINING
FY 1961
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SECTIONS OF MANAGEMENT REPORT
A. Training in Intelligence Production
B. Intelligence Orientation and Review
C. QTR Briefing Officer Activities
D. Training in Operations Support
E. Internal Management Training
F. Clerical Training
G. Summary of Intelligence School Training
H. Training in Communism
1. Headquarters Training in Operations
Covert Training Faculty Activities
K. Training Assistance Staff Activities
L. Activities
M. Training In Languages and Areas
N. External Training
0. junior Officer Training Program
P. Assessment and Evaluation
Q. Educational Methods and Techniques
R. Trends in Course Offerings and Registrations
S. General Activities and Trends
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SECTION A
TRMIAt?ON 'I'EI,i.IGENCE PRQUUCT
1. Significant Achieyementq
a. Accomplishments of the IP? during FY 1961 were in the plan-
ning and presentation of new courses and in the improvement of
existing courses.
b. Significant achievements were: the inauguration of the
Intelligence Briefing course On teaching fundamentals of effective
briefing, the instructor introduced the use of sound film photography
of the student in action); the presentation of new Writing Workshops
at the advanced level for DDS and OCR; the planning of the Scientific
Intelligence Officers' Training Program (Intelligence Orientation,
Introduction to Communism, Seminar on USSR, Intelligence Research
Techniques, and Phase I of Operations Support); the activating of a
Writing Workshop (Basic) correspondence course; the preparation of
a staff study on consolidated dissemination in GTR; the initial pro-
graming of two parts of the text, Intelligence Research Facilities
and Techniques; and assisting DD? S Research on its research
problems and Army ACSI in the preparation of a collection and
analysis manual.
c. Other achievements were: Improvement of existing courses
such as Intelligence Techniques, Intelligence Research (Techniques),
and Intelligence Research (Map and Photo Interpretation); and partici-
pation in individual courses, such as OCR Orientation for Fort Hola-
bird officers, Special Intelligence Orientation given by OCX SPINT
Staff, the Air Operations course, Intelligence Orientation Bourse,
PM Operations course, and special briefings for CIA. and foreign
personnel.
2. PTQbie
The increased workload of the staff, the increased number of students,
and the broader segment of the Agency served by the IPF were significant
problem areas.
3. Proarrams ogtep plated for FY 1962
a. The IPF is fully occupied in meeting its existing training
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commitments in the fields of writing, interviewing, research tech-
niques, JOT instruction, and photographic interpretation. The
faculty, however, is developing additional capabilities along
certain lines of specialization such as research programing,
research analysis, photographic interpretation techniques, and
correspondence courses.
b. Rising enrollment, the growing DDI Interest In the training
of more new officers than are currently available from the JOT Pro-
gram, and increasing specialization by staff members challenge the
IPF to meet new demands. The IPF, for instance, has the potential
capability of offering training to non-CIA components of the intelli-
gence community, such as the Defense Intelligence Agency.
4. Trends
The trend is for the staff to maintain its coverage of training at the
elementary level and to increase its capability in advanced and specialized
training areas. A specific trend in the IPF Is toward the accepted goal of
general training for the DDI and toward newer goals of specialized training
of interest to the DDI and elsewhere in the intelligence community. Addi-
tional staff personnel may be needed to meet these goals.
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INTELLIGEN O1,?2IENTATION . 1' D REVIEW
1. Significant Achievements
a. The most significant achievement during FY 1961 was the
establishment of the Intelligence Review course. The course was
inaugurated on a 40-hour, part--time basis; it has developed into
a full-time, 80-hour course. Representatives from all major com-
ponents of the Agency have attended end have reported enthusias-
tically on the course.
b. Special courses have increased in number from three in
1960 to seven in 1961.
c. The correspondence edition of the Intelligence Orientation
has been completed and has been used in various ways including
use as a reference source.
d. A series of lectures and training aids has been developed
for use in briefing foreign intelligence officers. A special technique
through use of an interpreter has been worked out.
2. Problem Areas
a. Staffing is developing into a major problem. One instructor
has been required to devote more than half his time to briefing at
Central Building and to developing the proposed Mid-Career Course.
The imminent retirement of one Instructor will make the problem
critical. Even if an immediate replacement is made, it will require
time to make a new instructor a useful member of the staff.
b. Because of insufficient staff, it has been impossible to
maintain the correspondence version of the 10.
c. Class enrollments increased 25% in FY 1961 over FY 1960.
With new courses such as the Intelligence Review, and the increas-
ing number of special courses, a staff of four professionals is needed.
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3. Programs Contemplated for PY 1962
a. The demand for special tutorial orientation programs has
been high in the present fiscal year. It is likely to remain so, as
the Intelligence Orientation Faculty's capabilities in this field be-
come recognized.
b. A continuation of the Intelligence Orientation and Intelligence
Review at about the present rate is contemplated, possibly greater in
the Intelligence Orientation.
c. Inauguration of a six- to seven-week Mid-Career Course is
expected during the current fiscal year.
d. No reduction in any of the programs is anticipated.
e. Assuming that the faculty will have the use of a 75-seat
classroom, no problems are anticipated in the new building, except space
for the Exhibits which has not yet been determined.
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SECTION C
QTR BRIEFING OFFICER ACTIVITIES
1. fdgnifica111 Achievements
a. Some significant changes in scope of existing programs
developed in the office of the OTR Orientation and Briefing Officer:
total number of briefings increased 22% over FY 1960, and total
number of persons briefed increased 50% over FY 1960; number of
ambassadors briefed quadrupled; number of MAAG's briefed quad-
rupled.
b. OTR Briefing Officer participated for the first time in pro-
grams at the National War College, the Armed Forces Staff College,
the Army Command and General Staff College, and the Army Security
Agency.
c. A new coordination responsibility handled by the OTR Brief-
ing Officer is that of planning and coordinating briefings of senior
U.S. officials. This function now accounts for more than 25 per
cent of the work effort of the OTR Briefing Officer.
d. Another coordination responsibility is that of coordinating
external requests for CIA speakers, selective monitoring of speakers,
and maintaining records of external presentations.
2. Trends
A significant trend is a shift toward custom briefings (special brief-
ings set up for U.S. VIP's and foreign officials).
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SECTION D
ININGINOPTIONS SUPPORT
1 ? Si nificant Achieyeme lts_
a. The Operations Support course and the Administrative Proce-
dures course lesson plans, lecture outlines, photographs of visual
aids used In lecture presentation, and verbatim scripts have been
sent to vital records. Updating of vital records material is planned
on a semi-annual basis. (The Budget and Finance course will not
be updated until December 1961 because of changes occurring in the
course.)
b. Each instructor has taken at least one course to improve
his teaching technique; twenty courses have been taken during
FY 1961.
c. Because of field expansion of the Africa Division, the
demand for instruction in Class B station procedures has increased.
Whenever possible, students are enrolled in the regularly scheduled
Budget and Finance courses. During FY 1961 it has been necessary
to run eight extra courses; In addition, tutorial training was given
to twelve students. To speed the learning process in Class B
accounting, transparent slides are used to cover the progression
of the course material. Both students and Instructors feel that this
technique has proved successful.
2.oblem haga
a. A major problem has been the physical plant in which
classes have been and are being held.
b. The instructor complement was short for the first six
months of FY 1961; this was a definite strain on the working staff.
c. Because the Operations Support Faculty courses are designed
primarily to train individuals prior to their overseas assignments and
to better equip them for support of overseas stations, the faculty
suggests courses as soon as possible after they enter on duty.
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If 3. ? Ma ems Contemplated in YY _ 99 2
a. Plans are being made to conduct two Administrative Proce-
dures courses on a regular basis at one course for the
CIA career employees who will be rotating an a separate course
for those employees who are in the "witting non-rotational" category.
b. Discussions are taking place with Records Integration and
the Area Divisions to explore the possibility of a name-trace problem
for student practice following the lecture on Clandestine Records
and Name Check Procedures.
4,Trends a. During the next year the faculty proposes to increase teach-
ing efficiency by using more flexible training aids (projectors and
slides). Because the equipment will be stationary and it will not
be necessary to move classes from place to place, additional visual
aids will be used.
b. If classroom space is available in the new building, addi-
tional Budget and Finance courses will be included in a long-range
schedule.
c. An additional Administrative Procedures course in February
1962 is a possibility.
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SECTION E
INTERNAL-MANAGEMENT MOM
1. Sl ificanttAchievements
a. One of the most successful achievements of the year was
the one-week seminar in Management Practices held at
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in June and attended by 30 GS-15's, representing equally the three
major Agency components. This course was conducted by-
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(Brigadier General, USA, ret.) and was well received.
Present plans are to arrange a repeat next spring if possible.
b. In addition to our normal schedule of courses in manage-
ment and supervision, a special course for 23 Office of Communi-
cations personnel (GS-11 to 13) (many of them instructors at i
was held in August. The Office of Communications has been an
enthusiastic supporter of management training and, in addition to
supplying students for the special course, requested a quota of
one-third of the slots available In all regular courses for the remainder
of the year. Management Training Faculty's goal is to spark this
degree of interest and acceptance within other Agency components.
c. In October 1961 the second edition of last October's Senior
Management Seminar will be held for two weeks at
will again conduct proceedings.
Thirty-three participants--half super-grades and half selected
GS-15's--have been nominated, 11 from each major component.
An effort is being made to hrrange a get-together between Professor
nd as many as possible of his last year's class at some
p uring the seminar this year.
2. rams Contepplated EX 1962
a. Management Training Faculty anticipates no major changes
in the basic program for next year however, certain aspects, or
phases, of individual courses may be altered upon occasion to intro-
duce improved instructional techniques or to keep course material
up to date. In this area, MTF has displayed an active interest in
management gaming as a new instructional vehicle. In coordination
with the Automation Staff, MTF is attempting to develop a management
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i game based upon an ern{gaT zatianal yodel which would per .it students
to examine first-hand the consequences of their own administrative
behavior.
b. Another addition to the regular course schedule is expected
in the provision of management training in connection with the
Agency Mid-Career Program. Preliminary discussions have been
held, but to date the management portion has not been reduced to
specifics.
3. Trends
There is an over--all, Increasing interest in management training.
Agency people who have had management courses, particularly those
courses held at have encouraged other Agency people to
enroll in forthcoming courses.
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CLERICAL TRAINING
1. Significant Achievements
a. On 1 July 1960 new typewriting standards went into effect.
This was the result of a decision made by the Office of Personnel
and the Office of Training, Clerical Training and the Assessment
and Evaluation Staff conducted the required research on the project.
b. In July 1960 a now course called Office Practice was
designed and conducted for the first time. This is offered in
Clerical Induction Training.
c. A Clerical Training instructor prepared special dictation
tapes for testing clerical applicants.
d. After a discussion between the Clerical Training Faculty
and the Chief of Clerical Placement a decision was reached to
discontinue giving clerk-typists a 60-words-per-minute test in
shorthand; they will be given the regular 80-words-per-minute
test. Clerk-typists who demonstrate sufficient knowledge of
shorthand would enter shorthand training classes as did the clerk
stenographers who were tested but who failed to meet shorthand
qualifications. It was also decided to permit clerical applicants
to take three successive tests in shorthand and/or typewriting.
If they failed these three tests, they would have to wait 60 days
before they could be retested.
e. At the request of the Office of Communications, Chief of
Clerical Training and an Instructor of the Intelligence Orientation
Faculty designed and presented a special workshop on the tech-
niques of dictating to a stenographer.
f. The Chief of Clerical Training experimented with the pre-
sentation of a personal-use shorthand called Not, ehaannd. This
tutorial presentation was a part of the research conducted to identify
a method of shorthand which might be offered to Agency personnel
for note-taking at conferences. This system of shorthand is not
for verbatim recording of dictation.
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If 2. eg afu1 E r0S
a. The Office Pr t o core prayed ea~e:e atgo lly b A i
and was well received,
b. The workshop on tale tachni blues of dictation was a n cx cri-
ment. if it should be co e d I v o t e approach and co eeage
might be different, based on tsv uiained in tais running,
but the project is reeaxdc:d as succeasfu,l.
C. The to?orial i? sL ~ucticn i s t? e ;e? r?sonal-us shc..or ?harMd .alf. d
~u ~. Y:: ~ ~. a
Notehand 'aas successful ". s( w n ti3' viras easy to ch a d
easy to learn.
d. The review class for writer s of the Anniversary systc:r of
Gregg shorth%wad was vwel. r c? Lv e d.
3. DI sap ciaa ( nc s
. a. The five u eok. Svc r 5i for Cl . ,sRef ?esher course oL,%Y .
Ings did not exhi pit sufwf c. ent : ao x t on the part of the trainees
to justify its instaliation.; ?.,ons quentiy the origIInal f of week pro--
gram vas re-establi shed.
b. The combination of the tcrwo English classes 5n Cle:deal
Induction proved too dif rule to teach aid too uch for t1he trainee:
to assir ilate. `f'he r>: maiar fcr tha Mher- as adv ated.
4. le s Rel .te to rr 4, r :,?_s lann f9 r 19 2
a. The course off: rings m the Cl.Gr?cal Refresher program will
have to be offered :o on-th1y Agency clericals in the new building
in order to make the training available to the persons who have need
for it. The fact tet ;-ser=e veill be li~rgt:d space available for this
program poses major problems #n the ?tf :; } er in Which tae subject
matter is offered and how rzary c:asses can be conducted.
b. The distance batvweee _s .he n? w L ilding and Clerical Train-
ing headquarters at 1 16 1 h St ? ,et with a rainirnum of one hour
necessary for transportatic:'n l:,bet Ween t'?ho e two points proralses to
pose some ae In$ strative pi-obl` nas r hen flue faculty is divided.
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c. Basic typewriting training for professionals and JQT"s con-
tinues to be one of the most valuable courses offered by Clerical
Training Faculty. Staff limitations, space difficulties, and class-
room location continue to make the regular scheduling of this train-
ing impossible.
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SECTION G
SUMMARY OF INTELLIOEN,CEOQL TRAINING
'NCE SCI OQL COURSESG PI3CTED IN FISCAL
l+iame of Co rse
No. of
Hour
Times
Given
No. of
Pardci_ t s
Conference Techniques
24
44
Effective Speaking
24
21
Intelligence Production
496
6
Intelligence Research
(Map and Photo Reading)
50
2
23
Intelligence Research ('techniques)
160
1
a
OO/C Refresher
80
1
22
Seminar Techniques
24
1
18
Basic Writing Workshop
27
4
65
Intermediate Writing Workshop
27
3
56
Advanced Writing Workshop
27
3
32
Writing Workshop (DDS Special)
27
2
20
Intelligence Briefing
24
2
26
Intelligence Techniques (JOTP)
80
2
101
Exploitation of Photography for
Intelligence (SD Special)
12
1
OCR Vital Materials Instruction
CCSCR Special)
24 25X1A5a1
5
46
Management
40
7
100
Management (Special)
80
wks)
1
31
38 wk)
w
1
30
Supervision
40
5
78
Operations Support
200
5
122
Administrative Procedures
123
6
144
Budget and Finance Procedures
80
13
75
Intelligence Orientation
40
6
253
.40
Intelligence Review
80
78
JOT Orientation and Support
Programs
32
2
101
Security Officers Orientation
36
1
13
Intelligence Orientation for
Support Personnel at
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Name of Course
No. Of
Houm
IN FISCAL YEAR- 19
Times
given
Intelligence Refresher for -
Personnel 9
Dictation Course for Executives 20
Intelligence Orientation for
e ng s o en or More Foreign
s0
11
Officials 4 (approx.) 69 462
Briefings of Senior U.S. Officials 4 82 492
Briefings of V.S. Government Groups 4 54 3,993
Briefings of CIA Dependents 4 14 205
Briefings of CIA Personnel 4 56 1,881
Briefings of Private Groups 4 7 441
Clerical Induction
Typing 1 255 463
Shorthand 1 1/2 240 283
Punctuation & Capitalization 1 1/4 250 813
Grammar 1 250 813
Geography 1 1/4 225 752
Filing 1 100 813
Office Practice 1 141 605
Testing
Typewriting 1 105 694
Shorthand 1 74 150
Entrance on Duty
Typewriting 1 73 705
Shorthand 1 61 365
Clerical Orientation 45 681
Organization of CIA 1 1/4
Security Briefing 1 1/4
Telephone Techniques 1
Telephone Labs 1 1/2
Mailing Procedures 1 1/2
Agency Issuances 1/2
Supplies, Equipment, 6< Services 1
Correspondence Lecture 1 1/4
Correspondence Lab 2 1/2
Time and Attendance 3
Protocol 1 1/2
14
No. of
Partioiuants
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ED IN
Name of Course
No. of
Hours
Times
Given
No. of
F rt cinants
Clerical Orientation (Cont'd)
Study Periods
Examinations
1 1/2
1 1/2
Examination Reviews
1
Clerical Refresher
245 (total)
Typing Techniques Review
English Usage Review
Shorthand Theory Review
Intermediate Shorthand
1 hr a day, 5
days a week
1 1/2 hrs a day,
5 days a week
1 1/2 hrs a day,
5 days a week
1 1/2 hrs a day,
5 times, 4 weeks)
2 times, 5 weeksf
2 dimes, 4 weeks
5 times, 4 weeks)
1 time, 5 iweekst
6 times, 4 weeks
117
Dictation
Advanced Dictation
5 days a week
1 1/2 hrs a day,
5 days a week
2 Mmes, 5 weeks
2 times, 4 weeks
12
Special Classes &
Assistance:
Basic Typing for Pro-
fessionals
Gregg Anniversary
Shorthand
1 hr a day, 5
days a week
1 hr a day, 5
days a week
1 time (2 classes),
6 weeks
1 time, 3 weeks
11
Tutorial Assistance:
Shorthand through utiliza-
tion of dictation tapes
12
Unofficial Testing:
Shorthand
10
Typing
9
Filing Workshops:
DDP
i day -
time
49
DDI
I day
1 time
47
DDS
1 day
1 time
32* .
*also 2 State Department and 2 National Archives employees
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%0 W
TM_ININP IN CQMMUNISM
1. The following represent the School of International Communism's
principal accomplishments In Fiscal Year 1961.
a. Trained 300 Agency students in 13 formal courses of
instruction ranging in length from 8U to 164 hours.
b. 'Supported covert training to the extent of 140 days in
43 tutorial programs.
c. Provided 73 presentations at non Agency programs, includ-
ing FSI, SIS, NIS, Naval and Air War Colleges, Air Command and
Staff College, Reserve Officer groups and adding for the first
time the Counter-Insurrection course t Fort
Bragg.
d. Completed a year's external training for one staff member
in Chinese Area Studies, thus adding a significant Chinese Communist
capability to SIC's overall competence.
e. Added three days of "Challenge and Response" seminars to
SIC's JOT program in order to stimulate more realistic consideration
of the position of the U.S. in international relations.
f. Began a process of periodic up-dating of SIC's international
Communism bibliography which is now being used widely.
2. There was a decrease during Fiscal Year 1961 in the registrations
In SIC's formal Agency courses. This trend, if continued, may require a
reduction, not in the number of courses offered, but in the number of
times per year each course will be scheduled. However, the covert tu-
torial training program remained at about the same level, while non-Agency
activities increased somewhat over Fiscal Year 1960. The Increase in
SIC's non Agency activities raised the question, particularly in the mind
of the DD/S, of whether SIC might be accepting too many such require-
ments to the neglect of its Agency responsibilities, and whether this
might not make SIC vulnerable to criticism. However, a study of this
problem revealed that, even in .a month during which outside commitments
25X1A I
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.were particularly heavy, the ratio of teaching time was not less than
8 - i on the side of Agency activity, and the ratio of total time spent
in preparation as well as in class was about 20 - 1.
The additional question was raised during Fiscal Year 1961 of
the advisability of SIC's participation in programs outside of government.
Until now the only non-governmental organization in which SIC has made
a contribution has been the Brookings Institution, and even in this case
the sessions have always been with classes made up of government offi-
cials. However, at the request of the IG, discussions were initiated
concerning possible contributions by SIC at both Princeton and Columbia
Universities--and to date this has resulted in a commitment at Columbia
in October 1961, in the International Fellows program. SIC has also had
"feelers" recently from the Air Academy and the U. S. Office of Education
about possible participation in scheduled courses or the setting up of
special programs. To date there are no commitments.
3. The principal objectives of projected SIC activity are: continued
offering of formal courses of instruction to meet Agency requirements;
continued support to covert tutorial training programs; development of a
greater capability to support Agency overseas training programs; support
of non Agency programs where appropriate and not in conflict with SIC's
Agency responsibilities.
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W %F
SECTION I
29
UARTERS TRAINING IN OPERATIONS
1. The operations courses conducted by the Headquarters Faculty
of the Operations School in FY 1961 continued to be primarily of an ad-
vanced specialized type designed largely for personnel who have had
basic clandestine operations training or the equivalent in field experi-
ence. The Counterintelligence Familiarization course and the Counter-
intelligence Operations course were completely revised to meet continuing
demands for more advanced instruction. The Scientific and Technical
Operations course was given intensive review and professional improve-
.. .__._-.. _& ?r -r-1r%na _ The
ment, and is gamin
Clandestine
titled the Covert Action
course was revised
of specific areas.
erational techniques an me ods
Seminar were developed and conducted in FY
2. As is indicated by the changes cited above, during the year the
Operations School paid great attention to adjusting course content and
instructional procedures in order to provide training that was most respon-
sive to the requirements of the Clandestine Services. The courses offered
were subjected to critical review by responsible Clandestine Services
officials, and DD/P officers and GTR instructors devoted much time to
jgint development of improvements. The Operations School instructors
continued their drive to obtain guidance, current doctrine and methods,
and substantive background material from the Clandestine Services;
there are indications that the flow of such support to GTR is increasing.
3. The DD/P continued to cooperate in providing well-qualified
personnel for assignment to the Operations School for instructor duty.
During the year the Inspector General's survey of training served to
confirm a working agreement between OTR and the Clandestine Services
with respect to providing OTR with instructional personnel; the DDCI
approved the recommendation that "DTR adopt a three-year tour of duty
as standard practice for instructors and schedule replacement at the
rate of one-third of the instructor staff annually. (Primarily (4/TR) "
4. A listing of the regularly scheduled operations courses conducted
at headquarters during the year is at the end of this section. In connec-
tion with instructor workloads, it should be noted that during the year 42
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ourse was recast di all and is now
ions course. The
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Agency staff employees who could not be entered in regularly scheduled
courses, and 16 representatives of foreign intelligence services, received
403 hours of tutorial instruction at headquarters.
5 the program for more advanced training in the
fields through seminar sessions, will be expanded.
Seminar sessions in propaganda, economic warfare, and scientific and
technological operations are being developed. Research is now being
conducted which will lead to regularly scheduled courses in interrogation,
and in records management and control. An expansion of the Headquarters
Faculty will be necessary in order to meet these new requirements.
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HEADQUARTERS TRAINING IN OPERATIONS
FY 1961
Sub ect
No. of
Hours
Times
Given
No. of
Participants
Clandestine Services Review
80
4
124
Counterintelligence Familiarization
40
2
21
CI Familiarization (revised)
80
3
39
Counterintelligence Operations
120
2
19
1A CI Operations (revised)
80
2
27
Information Reporting & Requirements
120
5
34
60
2
23
oven c on Operations
60
5
77
Cable Refresher
4
1
21
80
2
30
Scientific and Technical Operations
160
1
21
Information Reports Familiarization
40
2
16
Project USEFUL (Orientation and Briefing
of selected Dept. of Defense Personnel)
80
1
42
Clandestine Services Orientation (JOT?)
80
1
51
TOTALS
1084
33
545
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SECTION J
COVE T TRAINING FACULTY ACTIVI"`IES
1. During FY 1961 the Covert Training officers continued to accom-
plish tutorial-type training of U. S: and foreign deep cover staff and
agent personnel, and representatives of foreign intelligence services.
The training was conducted in Washington and in safe- 25X1A6a
houses and other safe sites. During the year training was provided in
connection with 113 projects involving 165 trainees; the total training
provided amounted to 13,814 training hours (an average of 122 hours per
project).
2. The Covert Training Staff has recently been brought almost up
to full strength. In an effort to obtain increased flexibility, the Chief,
Covert Training, is consolidating his instructors into one faculty rather
than the two sets of specialists Loreign and domestic trainees) as here-
tofore. Combining the two groups permits greater flexibility in schedul-
ing the instructors; for example, if all the trainees at a given time happen
to be foreign, all personnel in Covert Training could be assigned to their
training.
3. Indication of the variety of training assignments which have been
handled by Covert Training, and which are expected to continue in the
same volume and scope through FY 1962, is given by the following tabu-
lations for the period 1 July 1960 through 22 September 1961:
PRQIECTS HANDLED BY COVERT TRAINING
BY DIVISION AND DES OF ORIGIN
U S . NA4IONALS
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SECTION K
T STAFF ACTITIES
1. In accordance with recommendations of the Inspector General,
the Overseas Training Staff of the Operations School has been redesig-
nated as the Training Assistance Staff to better reflect its function as
a depository and clearing house for training materials and doctrine.
During the year it continued to support the Station and
other training activities domestic and foreign. It devoted a substan-
tial portion of its time to advising Clandestine Services officers on
specific training projects, and to selecting and obtaining release of
suitable materials for such projects. In all, 3,500 items were pro-
cessed out of Training Assistance Staff over the year; 2,000 went to
foreign projects, 1, 370 went to the Clandestine Services for domestic
use, and the remainder went to other members of the intelligence com-
munity. The Staff also reproduced, edited, or rewrote eighteen train-
ing papers and prepared three new bibliographies and two new training
studies, including the Guide to Guerrilla Warfare.
25X1A6a`
2. The Training Assistance Staff will continue to support overseas
training activities, including Station, and to produce 25X1A6a
new materials within the Staff s capa es . In addition, it will act
as a clearing house for materials used in support of all Operations
School training activities, Including Agency Reserve programs supported
by the School, and will serve as the OTR releasing office for training
materials sent to stations abroad or forwarded to other members of the
intelligence community.
24
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COURSES AI
FY 1961
Name of Course
Total No,
of Hours
Times
Given
Total No. of
Participants
SCHEDULED COURSES
Air Operations
90
1
3
Audio Surveillance Management
640
4
24
Basic PM Training
674
1
10
Ba sic PM Training
only ? 198 hours)
3
Evasion and Escape (for ICS)
40
1
34
Instructor Training
40
1
4
Intelligence Orientation
32
2
45
Logistics
64
1
11
57A
Management Conference
120
2
65
OO/Contacts Division Refresher
40
1
19
Operational Seminar on Regional
Organizations of the
16
1
22
Operations
1568
2
74
Operations Familiarization
472
2
57
Paramilitary Operations Orientation (ORR)
40
1
12
Reserve Officer Training (E&E, SB)
80
1
22
Riot Control and Civil Disturbance
(Office of Security)
24
1
11
Security Officers' Field Course
32
1
13
Special Air Operations for USAF
and Air National Guard
80
1
11
Air Operations
16
1
2
Air Operations and Parachute Jump Training
229
2
5
Audio Operations
80
2
2
V5X1A
Communications
24
1
1
72
3
3
1.
2
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W SE(RET
TRAINING IN :LANGUAGES AND AREAS
1. Language Training (General)
a. During FY 1961, the Agency's Language Development Program
experienced several significant changes of emphasis, some of which
were instigated by the Inspector General's survey of training. These
changes, and other proposed changes, are as follows:
(1) Establishment of the principle that the language .raining
of DDjP personnel in regular classes is the normal and most effec-
tive method, and that resort to tutorial training shall be had only
in exceptional cases and for valid reasons.
(2) Establishment of the requirement to identify the categories
of employees for whom specified degrees of language proficiency
are required, and the positions or portions of positions in overseas
stations to be filled only by persons possessing specified language
abilities.
(3) Mandatory language proficiency testing for all employees
who are required to have language skill, or who continue to claim
language competence which has not been tested
(4) Assignment of increased responsibility to DD/P division
chiefs and career panels with respect to scheduling and monitoring
language training:, and to developing larger. numbers of linguistically
qualified area specialists,
(5) Initiation of proposals by the Committee for Language De-
velopment with respect to bringing the Language Awards Program
to an early end
b. The Agency Roundtable on Language Training continued in
FY 1961 to exploit all possibilities for cooperation between Navy,, Stater,
Air Force,, USIA, and CIA.
2. Directgd Language Tra n .ri
a. Four hundred eighty-six persons studied 12 languages in 88
part-time and 11 full-time classes during FY 1961 in the directed
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language program. Some single applications for full-time courses were
met by external training or by tutorial methods. In general;, Agency
components are properly planning and directing language training; there
are still evidences of too much reliance on tutorial training but such re-
liance is diminishing. DO,/F components are particularly reliant upon
the language training offered,, with the possible exception of Africa
Division where the first ov.,.der nes (if requirements for training in African
languages are just beginning to appear.
b. Plans for the immediate future include: conducting two experi-
ments with programed teachinc materials in Spanish; increasing emphasis
on Intermediate level courses in German and Arabic; adding part-time
courses in Arabic and German; ancd meeting the serious need for scien-
tific linguists for Arabic and Germanic languages.
3. Voluntary Language Training Prorrarn
a. At the beginning of FY 1961,; 237 students were enrolled in 33
VLTP classes and were studying 9 languages. After the beginning-
level classes in French, German, Italian, and Spanish were completely
phased out early in the yearn an enrollment low- of 150 students (22
;lasses) was reached, with heavy concentration on intermediate-level
courses and seminars. The elementary classes in the "world" languages
were reinstated on a selective basis in March 1961, and records indicate
that 378 additional students were enrolled during the year (510 in FY 1960)
to study nine languages. There is a definite trend toward emphasis on
more unusual languages and the upper levels of proficiency in the com_,
mon language.
b. It is expected that instructors for the voluntary language pro-
gram will continue to be employees assigned throughout the Agency, and
that only rarely will it be necessary to use language faculty personnel
for this purpose. It Is also expected that the quality of instruction will
continue to increase as the -olunteer instructors acquire experience.
4. Tutorial Lanquacte Pros;am
a. Tutorial training was provided for .156 students in 20 different
languages during FY 1961. Eff its are being made, howsver, to stress
(in conformance with the pciic;y cater. in paragraph la(1), above) that
tutorial training IFS an ainergency me sure to be used only in special
situations or when no reruic,-ly wcheduled courses are available. When-
ever possible small tutorial classes are be'ng integrated with regular
classes if time and proficiency requirements permit. There has been a
promising steady decline in the number of students in tutorial language
training in recent months.
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b. While signifioan: tutorial requirements exist, there has been
a continuing effort to recruit tutors and there are now 50 persons on
the roster of active tutors. The space available for tutorial training
in Arlington Towers continues to be inadequate, however, and approxi-
mately 70% of the instruction is accomplished elsewhere,, primal .:
Also, within very real staffing limitations? country briefings may be given
to unofficial cover assignees and dependents and regional lecture series
may be developed for such areas as Africa and Latin America in order to
increase understanding of developing problems.
38
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8. Overseas Effectiveness Pr ani
a. During FY 1961 experience with the Introduction to Overseas
Effectiveness (JOE) confirmed earlier decisions that the course is most
suitable for experienced middle-grade and senior officers. Based upon
past experience, the IOE
has been considerably revised and
made more sophisticated for experienced officers at mid-career and above.
b. It is expected that the new version of the IOE will be offered in
January 1962. It is also planned that a series of "Country Companions"
to this new course will also be introduced; these courses, which are now
being developed, will provide specific interpretations of IOE concepts in
relation to given countries, In additions a version of the IOE expressly
designed for JOT training has been requested and is being planned.
39
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?v i b Rs
S E C 1 `T
EXTERNAL TRAINING
1. Agency employees received training at 118 different institutions
during FY 1960; in FY 1961.; the number of external facilities =usood was
125,
2. Training provided at non-CTA facilities in FY 1961 was slightly
more costly than in FY 1960 although the total number of employees
sponsored was smaller as shown in the tabulation below:
No a of
Trainees
Cost
Fiscal Year 1960
1342
$245,143
Fiscal Year 1961
1025
$266,287
3. The difference in numb; rs of trainees for the two years is
almost exclusively explained by the fact that in FY 1960 433 employees
attended orientation and machine technician training programs conducted
locally by the IBM Corporation and RCA whereas only 143 employees took
part in similar programs in FY 1961.., The high participation figure for
FY.1960 reflects the arousal of Agency interest at that time in electronic
data processing In general and in the RCA 501 computer specifically. It
is germane to add, too, that the local RCA and IBM courses involve no
specific training costs to the Agency. Increases In academic fees account
in large part for the approximately 10% higher external training costs in
FY 1961.
4. Aside from RCA and IBM local courses? there was a perceptible
trend in FY 1961 toward greater use of government programs and a cor-
responding decrease in training at non-goverment facilities? as ex-
pressed by the following data,
Gov't
Fac itiz
Non-Gov?t
Fa.cilitigs
No. Trainees, FY 19?0
254
(28%)
655
(72%)
No. Trainees? FY 1961
324
(37%,)
558
(63%)
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S E C.RET
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One reason for the shift toward government facilities is the increasing
effectiveness of offerings ,,fade available through the Agency?s represen-
tation on the Interagency Training Committee.
5. Management training (other than records management) fell off
slightly in FY 1961, foreign language training showed a moderate Increase
over FY 1960, and weapons orientation programs remained steady for the
two years. A noticeable decrease occurred in FY 1961 in records management
training, technical courses a and correspondence training. The decrease
in correspondence training can be attributed to the procedure introduced in
FY 1,961 whereby enrollments are not recorded until the individuals complete
the courses. The reiativ vly large number re: eiving records management
training in FY 1960 was primarily the result of a special program which
American University under took at our request in which 65 Agency employees
participated. The numbers of employees sponsored in these areas of ex- .
ternal training are given below: .
FY 1960
FY 1961
Management
146
128
Language
72
84
Weapons
130
129
Technical
185
120
Records Management
90
20
Correspondence
112
39
6. As is evident in the following table o offices of the DD/I made
conspicuously greater use of eternal training resources in both FY 1960
and FY 1961 than did components of DD/P and DD/S. Comparing the two
fiscal years, DD/S shows somewhat less and DD/P shows noticeably
greater use of external training in FY 1961.
FLY 1=
FY 1961
DD/I
459
440
DD/P
146
186
DD/S
299
255
O/DCI
5
1
7. In consonance with the provisions of the Government Employees
Training Act p trainees at non-C`ovetent facilities who undertake long or
costly programs which make them more attractive for outside offers are
asked to execute a formal agreement to remain with the Agency for a spe-
cific period of time. In FY 1960 signed training agreements were required
of 10 employees o and in FY 1961 such agreements were obtained from 15
trainees.
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Training to the Acting Deputy (Svpt art), d ate: 15 subject "Review of the X... T ._'r'atn cxe '`te' r
reproduced at the, end vert
covert
:DDI
')Vert
Partial Assessments
1-eaSs than a fxW day)
DDP
DDS
Overt
DD1
Covert
Overt
DDP
DDS
D DT
Fire Reviews
AU.1 Ccomponents
.1 3 1 11 X`a'
2 1
M+ 93
0 0 F
34 91 84
24:,'! 07
1'd() 2179 14
~i } 9 t,F dD j,
GRAND T )TAL 2090 1 'p ?)221(-'i3
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SECTION Q
EDUCATIONAL METHODS AND TECHNIQUES
1. Educational Specialists
a. During FY 1961 the assignment of an additional. Educational
Specialist made it possible to take more action to improve the methods
and techniques of training utilized within the Agency. Some of the
accomplishments of the two Educational. Specialists are as follows.
(1) Conducted 11 Instructor Training Courses for 68
employees from OTR, Records Management Staff, TSD, Office
of Communications, and operating divisions of DD/P.
(2) Instructed two groups of senior foreign officials in
instructional and audio-visual techniques.
(3) Monitored 5 OTH and TSD courses in order to recoanmend
improvements in training procedures.
(4) Conducted 5 instructor workshops on testing procedures,
course and lesson planning techniques, and audio-visual techniques.
(5) Produced the following manuals:
(a) "Guidelines for Effective Teaching" (Headquarters use)
(b) "Guidelines for Effective Training" (sterilized for
overseas use)
(c) "The Use of Interpreters in Training" (to be published
soon)
(d) "Foreign Instructor Training Course" (presently being
developed as a complete self-contained unit for
overseas use in conducting instructor training
programs for liaison or foreign personnel)
(6) Developed (with OTR Education Committee) specifications
for modern effective facilities and equipment for the classrooms of
the new building.
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b. It is planned that the ?sA,;. ational S. e:`.iai,ists in the n-:.:t year
will increase their efforts to nz?ovid } ".-orm al. i istructor tx ar wing to Agen
personnel who need such t ai=dr,g, both in OT'ti and in all other Agency
components. There will also ba. increased atte tir::n to training otxzers
in methods for evaluating student performance and applying the results
of such evaluations, as well as to learning themselvee how better to
evaluate the presentations of stade:its undergoing instructor training.
In conjunction with the OTC. Education Come ittee, the Edui aticonal
Specialists will explore a.nnd s tr?ess the value of reporting as is done by
instructors, and will further :.n.rea e exphzte,is on the completion of
detailed lesson plans for vital zial,?;ris.is purposes as well as for the
obvious educational benefits of =uch 0.ans.
2. OTR Education Committee
a. The OTR Education Coramit;:ee, chaired by the senior Education
Specialist and composed of representatives of each O'R school, held
eight meetings during FY :'96". The corn n-=i.tt?e reviewed educational
and training problems and p7.-oc and xto meix.~.hers aer Jed to st.imr
late improvements withirt their own ,schoolhi a : well as serving as a
research and advisory g 6oupp -i:o the :D`I'AL. Special attention was given to
programed learning, developxnc:ent of lesson plans, seminar techniques,
final course reports, training repcra: (student eval-ua'tion) procedures,
and classroom- facilities and E q~61,7m+. r:t wh 4 } c nld be desirable for the
new building.
b. In FY 1962 it is planned' that the OTR Education Committee will
continue essentially as befare, - ith perhaps caoi a use of outside ex-
perts for discussions and r?es a ?ch. Increased emphasis will be given
to audio-visual aids to instruction particularly with respect to the new
building), to lesson planing, and to the many possible uses of simula-
tion and gaming exercises (not necessarily computer--backed) which are
possible in a wide variety ;:nf tgeency training activities (definitely not
limited to management tra~'nning sit o.ations)
3. Specialist in Programed Lew,ntn
a. Significant Achievemenj:s
(1) A special pro :ram -w au initiated a.nn :-,i arch 1 61 to teach
OTR instructors how to prc:pare programed :naterials,
(2) The first progra n ed language rx.ate vial to become com.-
mercially available, "ins-tsLlt F ussian, " was given a trial run with
a group of ten Agency voluz: teees,
53
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(3) Other achievexeei:.ts the f of eats
Audio-Visual nstrue tl na Device aid i'._ cievelo :.... _ . rent a _
programs (Chinese and Observation and lI v>s tr ii;ti.o
b, Problem Areas
Because of the spec+a.1:i d aid d, i' atare of xrnueh of t':l-e
n3a erial of the Agency, c ti. or. r
".o prepare suitable progrG' :i_s fcs: . V. C._1'Y)A _ ~3
selves to programed instruc ion. ( vet- : t .:.. ?.,. ; ..< ..... k s.: :.s'.a. : ,
there are many languages o ptc. x i2 ~ae.te d? , .A -6'ie t{:y v hi e '=al
be too unusual for external if C2 11-6 a 3< 4IF :.T re
full benefit from this new t* it r`: tlI it.x= e toy .. L:.'iv
many of its own programs. i>>w .ci'. o _"'3y , 0 ? 1, (a 4j-hour prPigrha
can be expected to cost ;"20' 0tO - .+.,U, it
takes a good deal of time ab i ti? log. L? :G ?at. 4.L L.'F :.p n.A ca . be c).p~ c to d
to take about 2, 000 hour;: of inlit.:?uctoi? Tike advan tf c, there-
fore, must be weighed care?Cull against the c- t %i'i ?"x:;tlh s7 cn y aid tip"{"a?
c Trends
(1) It is expect u that ther~o iNl 1. be y. Great i.~7cx?~ s i in
program try-outs during tae } 7a xti.~ . 5 ;~ e { Al the beginning of
FY 1961 twelve programs had t:,w , p b'S commercially; by
September 1961 Prog :~ .r. red Specialist prse Jared a list of 135 pro-
grams grams now available or., the
(2) In October 1961 GTR x :ill beg-in - rying out "lntroductoz:.:y
Spanish, r" and by the ex.d of FY 19CC2 OTR