RADIO BROADCASTING: PRORGAMMATIC CHARACTERISTICS AND TECHNIQUES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-04864A000200020005-2
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 13, 1998
• Sequence Number: 5
• Publication Date: March 30, 1951
• Content Type: REPORT

CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
REPORT N0. OO_~`-1~5
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RAD[O BROADCASTS
CD NO.
COUNTRY
~~ ~Tr~"=~`~'i~' ~~~~~~
R.tlANIA, ~(7GOISIA~~.; G,R~~CE
DATE OF
INFORMATION
lca~p
SUBJECT
Radio ~raadcast ing m
Frogra~nmatic Chara.ctex?istics and Techniques
,
HOW
PUBLISHED
WHERE
PUBLISHED
DATE
PUBLISHED
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE
OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF ES PIONA6E ACT 50
U. 5. C.. 91 AND 92. AS AMENDEq. ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION
OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PER90N 19 PRO
HIBITED BY LAW. REPRO Dll CTION OF THIS FORM IS PROHIBITED.
1. Home Se.~?~'ice
GATE DIST~ OMareh 1851
~~ n N0. OF PAGES ~
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT N0.
The A1.ba~t.ieaa. Rom Service fz^c~m Radio Tirana. is, in the ~aa.in, broadcast
simultaneously by transmittex?s ixs five-other cities; distinct regional
prograzrrm~.ng is confined to secondary material. The programs are-well
orga~xi~ed aid, well ~aresented. Male and fe~tale a~.ouncers use -good dictic.r~
and. clear, simple Albanian.. Y~ewa~ and eoaer~tary are interspersed with
feature and cultural program. One da.:ily pe~?iod is devoted to detailed.
hone ne~ra, one to dictation-speed news for outlying areas, and two to
relaying Moscow~s Albanian broadcasts.
~omestie news and co~nnent ix~. the ho~ste ser~~ice, unlike that beamed ,
abroad, contains a 1~?ge proportion of self-criticism. Foreign- news and
comment is based largely on T'~ or taken f~?cxm Gominfornm and Soviet journals,.
The Soviet line is followed closely. Tito is a fz?equent target.
2. Foreig~a Service
The program in other ~u~?opesn languages are broadcast from Tirana only.
Their quality in gexaeral is far inferior to that of the home service.
a.. Greeka .A male announcer reads newscasts and eommentaz?ies i:n poor
Greek with faulty sentence construction, giving the impression that the
script is written iay soaileone whose ~owleelge of Greek is inadequate. Dicti~an
is poet. The programs follow the Soviet pattern and Soviet line.' The
source of news is seldom mentioned. Western policies are denounced, particu-
lsrly A~ag1Q Ame~?ioaaz imperialis~a a.n the Ba1ka '
b. Serbo?Grost< Programs are read by a female announcer in very poor.
,Serbo-Croat, Fiction is poor.. Sentence structure is incorrect and the
scripts are obviously transla,tiox~ from Albanian. The announcer appears to
be an Albanian. 1'JJewscasts and brief commentaries are broadcast. News is
far the most part under foreign datelines. Corraraentaaries are on ether-
domestic or in:ternationa.l topics and are anrsounced as having been prepared
by the T~eorm~entator. se The Soviet pattern is followed closely in all. broad-
oasts.. The programs are on a low intellectual level, apparently-for the
be~aefit of the lower cl?~sses. Any mention of Tito or the Tito co v~orkers is
accompanied by vitriolic adjectives.
c. Turkish: A law Turkish., gram~ra.tic~ally incorrect, is used by a male
arsxourscer. Appa.~?ently the announcer is Albanian, and scripts are translated
from .~lbanian. The new~ca~t~,-~~,o,~'.~ ~~--~,~ es a~ever attack 'Turkey? On
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domestic topics they speak of the successes be~.ng achieved by-the Albanian people
u.rkder the Comtnuniat r. egin~e. The Western Fower,s ar?e sharply crit:tcized. Tito is
spoken of? ~.~ a fascist iznperial.ist, agent, and is accused of having imperialistic
designs oxr Albania. "T's.l:ks ?~,~,. Albarj~.ara leaders are broad.~cast in tra:rzslation.
ii , Bulgar:~.a
1. ~anao Se2~vice
The Bti.lgari.an Hon9e .~rervice is b:road~;ast over -t;:F~ree txar~srnitters: Sof~.a I,
also called ?'Chrt.s to Fio ~:eu1? a.fte~? a ~ulge.l9ian revolutior.~a~y hero, on $2'7 kcs;
Sofis. 11 orx ;~93 kce, and o.f."ia :ISI: on '7 X71 kcs. 13.1.1 three .are in operat~i.on some-
time dur~.ng the day, at, t~.m~~s simultaneously.
Male grid female a~nnotLnces?s altez?xt~,te iri presexrt;i~n~ p??ograr~.~. The language
used :is s lour Btalgax~ian, eas:~ly t.xr,c3.erstood by all elements nf' the population,
except wi"ietl governanent der^:xeev or ?talks by important persona ark broadcast. A
lar~~=,e rbumber of Rt.issian v~orda, pe,rtictx.lar~l.y techxi3.c~1 t.e:rsns, ha~re infiltrated
Bulgs.r:ia,n 1a.n.~;t~age under the px?esent x~eg?ft~e, Orarr~nax~ and sentence constr~u,etion
s.x: e poor. ~?icti?rt i.s good arxd exxunr~iaticxt is dear. ?~he prograt~s are well
orgsn-?.~ed acid well p:reaen.ted aril follow a def~~.xzite patoterx~. Radio Sofia can be
depended upon to adhere to ~,ts titxie axed progx?a~r~ sc:h.edules, and an:y changes or
special progr~:~s are annoLt~:~ced 7xt advance, .
~tewscasts follow the Soto et pattern. Surc~esses achieved in indt~.stry,
agr:,i.ctxl-~;ure or any other field of ez7deavor ax^e s tressed cozrtixtttally. Achieve-~
ment:~~ of indiui.dual enter.~pr:i.se,s or indi~vidtzal war~kex?s a:re .reported in great
uoi~~.ttte.` hews from tits So~r::~et Uzls.on is featrzred 'in deta~,l. Porei.gn news usually
follows the Gominfor~m l~ Y:~e .
The rad:~o i.s used freely far the purpose of tx?axt:~~s?~itt=ing official government
decrees, special reports or infox?mati~in. Talks by Bttlgaa~ian Ooverxvnent officials
are broadcast i.n full, Repo~?ts on Co~n~txnist ~.oxtferex'icP~ anti other official
fu:r~c:t:ions axe given in detail. Talks by Soil?iet leader.~s ax?e often broadcast in
full, aztd at least ax?e quoted ix? len.gth.
C;osmx~ents.x~ies f"or 'tlte no=t, part laser oia x?e^lat~,ons bet~ree:rr ~3c,lge.ri~. and other
cauratr:~.es in Southes.,~tern ~~~_trope. 1'he c;omi:r,form lime ~is Ya.suslly followed.
i''ress reviews are broadcast daily. ~t"~hex?e has Steen a slight change recently in
the manne~? of ~ the preaexstation of tkt.ese rep?iews a whereas forrr.ex ly special
emithas:is w~,s given to certaixt eda.tox^is,1.s ar_d srticles, Lately the reviews h.av~e
beea~. 3~.tna,.ted to general 5txr~tr'e;~e~ of -the press ~ri.th xZO special attention to at?y
partie~ular items..
2, Foreign. Seruice
a. English n Male and feme.le announcers alternate ixx the English lar~g~aage
progx?ams. Bietion and enunc,fiation are poor, The impression is that-the script
writers a;s Drell as the announcers are 13ta.lgar.:ians with poor kxtawledge of the
English language. I~ewscas~ts and talks constitute the usual braadc8.st. The
pattern of ythe newscasts is uni foxxn. m Bulgarian and Sa?v:iet news first, followed
by news from other countries. Lbmestic Wawa stresses the fulfillment of national
plena, differing from sim.ilax~ news in Bulgarian in ttYat the latter puts greater
stress on successes achieved by indiv;~dual enterprises and workers. Summaries
of official decrees as well as attenntar-ized versions of talks by Bulgarian
leaders are broadcast. Comaxter~t;arias emphasise the peace efforts of the Soviet
Union and Beople?s I7emoeracies against the wai? provocations and aggressive designs
of the Anglo~~American powers aitd their allied. Once a week a special feature,
'TTh.i.~ is America, ,, pictures life in the Llxt.ited States as seen through Bulgarian
Commu:n.i.s-t eyes.
b. Serbo~Croat? Dews and comtxtentar:ies are broadcast to Yugoslavia. The
news usually stresses the sue:ces4es achieved in fiulgaria under the Cornrttux7ist
regime. Bu.lgariaxi and Yugosla~Er emigre xaewspaper~ are quoted frequently.
Gox`ts:tderable stress is laid on the Macedox-iian gez.estiox~ a:zxd the commentaries
entpha,size the poor living cond~i?rsions of the Macedonian. under the 'Tito regime.
c. Turkishm Male and feanale annot:~r.{cex~s alternate in reading the prograt~s.
The lsxlgtzage used is poor '~tt:x~7s'ish, not always grammatically corre.et, although
easily txx3.derstandable. The script wx?itPr ~ s kric~wledge o:f the l~,x~.guage appeart~ poor.
~ri.~~tion is good and enuxicie.ti.on is clear,0 ~Te^wscasts and brief cort:unen.taries are
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broadcast. ~hF~ ,':-:c~~ iFy1. ~~ttex~xr is ~'a"l.la~red clcse~_y in the px~esentati.on of dornesti.e
and f~?:r~eign. news. ~"~~~~;, L~ulg~~an Te1eg~~.ph agency ~.c~. `~e~.epr?e~~ Agencuy aye
used saur~ce~ ~ the e~arure~nt~ri~:,s m.~,,~?~.ur c;~r~ce:rn "48u~ k:ey ~~ its relatiara.s with
the ~~Testex?sa Po~rer~,~_ ~~ie l~a~ircforrr~ ~.r~e a -; ~:rlhex?ed to cl.asei.y i.n ~lai.s xuespect.
Angi,om~r~ex~ican imperi~:t:i~rra in tx:~key is ~ f.'xecl~xent ~;ai~tjer_.tg. ~;'hP ca~.~.tx~y is ot`ten
re~?err~ed to ~~ r~t~lar^sl~~.llized l'ux?l~ey, ~~ ar~d ~~ ~. storage :rf the 4~estern .~?e~ers.
~f laie ahe l'urkis~s. %'t~g~:e ~:~zesti.o~ h,~:: been i.rz ..tbe 1 e~x_igbt .. Soviet and
Satel~ i_te :peace effca:~t~~ ~~?e ~. f`~vori to -tsapic.
~Ilua~?y
I~Iates o:t~ iy.~ica:L frx?~.gri ,:e~?~ri.ce~,~;
l.m f~~?eek. ?"~eels aud.~.x?~ice f.rc:;gin '~xn~i.~t~..:c?~~, h,~a,~~ ~~:z~}F ~~e~"~ir~r;.^~ ~i~ h~e~~br~~-
Gx?oa~~, ~~ur~ig~~"3.~.~7 ~:~~~. :"~r.^xr~~'?, ~.~~ti :E;.~.r~.3.=~ Fir~xa~*~:i~ k~tca.~~~.r ~,:a~~?~ air ~.=e~~n.i~1 ~~. ~-l+:zrs,g~:~i~.
try t~Za n~zt 3oc;:n~z.1. x~nra~?:i?~,.t.~~-~ ? i;-~ ~ : c.~a ~s,z ~.c~ td~~ .,.. ~? ~..~., r f.' ?~~':~~*~~ ~.~w~Pv: ~~ ~:~a-S; they
$:~"e :ITTiCi~".'2 lY1C?t~e1"~~."~;E' 111 "?r:7~2t~. t~i?tiia ~ ~-CB~ j_7I't~~?`t" -11CSt'~ 3.,73 ~~3~"i"3~'t;l.r"aSl?
A 13_XxtiteCl i"cti~^eigxz ~~~~i~.~` _i.t. ~~~?,:t,r.o.~s~?,~n l~~x~.~;'+.~=3~'e?; i. ~~i.r`.,.t~~t.i.a~,ef~w ~~ -~~hye f_~:~ee~s:
jJJ~I,"'7.43?~w~ IIl'c2.Z..k? t`tTIC~ ~`~11"da^i,1.E' :3C'3y.A(~~CT?f~~~??'r" t.n~e ~illif3 ;~.gi?''~~`..',~"~' '1,z~fw1S. Z3:tL'.t]..C731 ~ e~li.L13c1."'
atzexl ~e gticado ~Jc~rneF~~:ic rx?a~, x"c~:x?eiFy~ ~he~~:=:~ rrc.~~~eti? u.~, ~;?~~.~: ^c?x~~e:rzt ~f the xze~~,c~~i~~.
~~ee C~~eec~e R.rzrlio 1.G, #":gee"~y ~.~~~ ~~~ ~. :~c:n.~:~~^e.. C~=r~y~e~t,~:~1er> bey gexzexro~,7..~,~r cztl
tie ~?e~.~-t~a.oz-a~ c;f? ~~~h~rWe art",h r""?~~e t=r~,;trv~r~ ?'' ~r~ :~ ~~r.~l ~~:i.txz t~'9.e ~~:~~.n:f~>xstlr;?
T11e c~f'f ici~l_ .~z.C~'??:E~"1G'a.~;~ ~ ~"r~rvrnFyx:l,y ~11fx:~k? ~ ?~?~~;:'Ar~.~,9?, ~~?'~7.L~ ti ~~?~red;; ~;.~~a,:~~~.:a p.-zpc~~s
by ~e~.n.~ u~ ~e~.~ti~~~~~~e:Ya~~ ti~..., 7~'~F.~ i?l?,F T'~z~,l~~~. ~'~i?.r' ,:..?~::r?~ie~ ~carne;?t;icrze~rv
fe~:teE~.~e.~ r~e~~.~r:x?i:n~, ~xr..~.i~ri~tie?~ c-,i? #,~~ry .;~-,~~.xnrrsf~?n~ ,.x~:~. the ~'czsrrxzr.~~'a.~t ~,'r~ty c~
2'~s v~,~:iev~.~ ~ge:xsca.r~ ~. : ~~c~yY~-sA, ;~ r.~;r.;i~~~,, ?c:s?~~.~.31~, ~,~.c. ~ ~ ~~~.#:.~. cxs. a~ra~~a~tr~a:~z:1,
~gx?3.c~.zl.ttzx~~.1, rc~iria.r~;,, =;s~.t? ~7 ~.a'.~~. ;~:~3.~~~.~~a, ~;~ac~r:i.a1~; t,~?F .s:~ng~we,~v,~ ~+f suciali.~aa.tio~.
allf~ 7"e4"C:YSI~tY.?t].t3',`1 U'.n,r ~.~~'{s~~T.'' ~ r;'t.1..Z~~li"?~~'~ y ~Ct~a~yr~ .'i`~~1?.:;T.1.3.~ r cii!'~ .;~+C;1`~,~, i'tF?rz :.i.< ?i, i:n ,_:t>~r~~~~.r;::i.r~~;., `i''~1e tr.~~ i~ ~.~;??~z~17.y. d.f."f?ie~alt to er~i~C-a.
~e ~~~~pe~~: i~ ~t~ti.. ~:e e...,. ~___,_.~.~. _ i ~ .~:n9.r~.,:.,ia.~,~., r~.i~.~..~;.~'raed :a~1~ ?_en~.e. ~.~,,:,~,
~~r}~c.c?~ Radio, ~~z~ r.,i;h~.:~? ,~a~~.=.F-'~~ A P?'~~- r=-~ x szr:i%c ~ ~zx.i~~ ~''~"~~"' ~e:c~r~.ce~ a~a f:zu?ted, ~ae~
xrx~.te~~i~:l f:x^~~xr~ r~"f,:hsez~ ~~,~~~;e;~ 1' :,.~:~ ~~aw:~n it. ~'a~~,:.~hf,~ ,- i,~Ze ?~r~~~iet J..iz1e. The ~atr_~ial
i~ fx^e~uealtly ~ :~~.~.~: t?f:? ct?rzi~,rrz~ .~ _?~~.~~~m:it~t,e~, :a~'~r'~ r?~;~:~ d~y~ br~~'a~e, ~~rith ee~ae ~.r3cled
detai:~?
The tx~~ztl~~s.i ~~i.c}~. ~~~:~ ~~~.aa1~~" ~srd. ~7x~~mpt? '~hQ .~~,ee~ a.s ~bc;ut ~(~ ~rc~rd~ peg
~i.x~~ate~; the te.~ae i~ pau:a:?ly p~~ncheG, r~.nr~ ec:~x^reet3c;~s ~.r~e ~e~3t c;n1y rxf?~e~zr.ent~.y.
Ope~~.tc,~ u:~c~ ~r~,.9 :~i.gz1~.~.s and nurr~her..~ the itema; c~~;~.~e~:~zt3.~re:~y, bza.t szxi~use~ the
indic~tir~n f"pax?~48 e~ s'mc,xe,'~ ~oa~e'#~z.~e~ c>b~c~ux~irig 'the c9.ivi~a.on ~aet~'eezl it~exn~?
E . Y~gc;,s3.avi~.
The ~~i.gc~~latr ~~c~~ie ~!!L't~icwe x?.r~can Pe.1~;r~c3.e i~ ~zriaple:~~n?te~ bar ffie~~ ~o~~s~
x?egic~n~~ sex?~r3.ce~ ix? er.~bc~-s';~c~,i.t a~x~.d naizbc~~ity ~.~:ngL~~.ge,~, ~rllich, hc~tever, a:~e
~?mi~ ~.n p~tteza.3 ~~~ r.,o~3texzt i,c~ the L-~Plg~~sie br.~~=~.?~1c?t~?
~e~,r~ca~ts g:i.ve d~me~ sic ?~x1~, f'c~~eg:rt re~~~ ~bc;~at e~~a.~,.l weight. The rze~~~ i~
p~~e~uec~ ~ac:~e cib jeet3.u~e2y than it ~_~ .Yr~ t~c7~l.raf`c;x :~~a.~.ic~~, bzzt 2es~ eb jeeti~rely
thin by We~tex?zz ~e~u~ce~? ~'her?e ~ le~.~ ~tx~e~~., ti~11 the ~ucce~~;s a~ '~tzg?~l~v
~P~ci~zla.~m iii i~c~~ey~t;ic bx?n~,~.c~; ~e3.r~ t~ir:~3 x~ th.~- :~~og~?,~ be~.~zed ~.b~?ra~d. The Belgrade
pxe~~ reuie~ px?esez3t:~ ~~3~x1.ze,r3 vFr,~ ~~,~~ caf ~~itor'::~e~.~.~ ~zd ticle~ a.~ ~e~.1 ~~~
e~s~ x~epc;xt~ ~x?erra "t11e p~~~r r~:~x? tla~ c~+~~*3:+~.1_>
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CoSttt~e~-ita.rieG, may cor~ce eithex' raat,i c~na.l.. or' x~ternati.c;~;a~. affa~.~?s. There
stress ova the ~,~:z?:~~-Lenin lute ~~.~ cis>~,ooQ~ ~~o the P~~~7?x~Taeni~~"tela.~ ~.ine. the
Soviet Union ara.d ~~~~,tei.~.~:~.e:, as ~te~1~ a:~s ~:exrd:ir~.~ox~:!~ p~~:l,.a.cie::~, e strongly e~?itici~ed,
~r~a. 1.e the V~este~~ ?n :~yu~,~L~r:~, E~ r~ ~ ~ zt i t; ~ 1e;~ ;>x~i.,y i:ra. ~~ rj~t~l ~t~.ctor?y xaxa~nex~.
C':hi?d~^en aril yout~k p.~?r,gx?~-:~.~-, iectu~e~' ~..:~xx v,:~.:r'ic;las tc~iiios a~a.d music. make up the
bu7.t~ o~ the GtY~ea~ P~''ogr'~ M ~.'he ycutt~ ~~rogx~ax~a a,,~ :'-~.l~v u:~;e grea.te~' e~~'orts in
~ch::~ol anci ~;~, ~xo~~3~.
2. Foreign aertrice~
~I3. ~~~~ ~'ugoslavia i:A1.?nUC~.C'~t~"LT2t1E'f. ~.?I"?J?:h~3t;~:~2.I?.~ t;c~ 'ra~'?~~:?eT"n ~1.~"'C3~J~`aTA a,L1C~.'?~':K1C:G'~,
conf?zx its p~?ouagarisid e;~'i ~:rrt ?~~_t~:.i.x~.~~ i~%~ ? ]..~ ~~~:: Flak;,,, i~+r r~~:?d. ~~atell~.te ~ax~g~zageb ,
of which, t~'ae foSlc>~~i~.~~' ~~+~~~~ F~3.i~,~:+~.;~'~.
a. iiu~.g~'ian~W 'T.'bae ?.z,stza~ c.~~er~~.r~ :xrsri~_a:~.rEve~:ae?n~ A. ;~L~.stex~ fo the truth
atac5ut~ ~ugo~lavi.~~. RB ~xa,le ;atlcl femaT.r~ ~~.r~~~ a,*~1cd ~ : r>~;.~ a~~s ;;;i~;l^~,~ ~, ~:~ e:~ . .~.Il ~.~~hed~.z~.e changes
ox? special. ~x?og:~'a~s ~.~?e ann~~,~;ncr~~-~ weld .n aclvt~x~.t:e, `there i~ vere~ la.ttle t~?a~is~
anittex? ?tx?ouble,
Z.n ~?eiFrsca~t;;.,, h~ae :r~~~~~s ~; ~ re;=~ ~. E'a:r ~, s~_i~~;n f'c,r~~ign z~E~ws f'cilc~win'. ~o~e
service newscasts ca~?r~y~ -~::ra~~