CPW REPORT NO. 17-A - COMMUNIST CHINA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-04864A000200120002-4
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 11
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 13, 1998
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: April 13, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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FOR. OFFICIAL USE ONLY
CPW Report No. 17-A. -- COMMUNIST CHINA
DATE PUBLISHED:
SOURCE: Monitored Broadcasts
(Apr. 7 7 13, 1952)
CONTENTS
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THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
ANTIWASTE? ANTICORRUPTION, ANTIBUREAUCRACY .... 1
CASES OF CORRUPTION ? ....... ? la 0 ? ? ? 1.0000006.??6
ECONOMIC PROBLEM 6?60?04.0000?00060060?0? 5
RURAL DDIELOPMENTS 0.006.00?000,06**6000066 8
PR.OPAGANDA PROGRAMS 0600010000 600?006606.?60?666 10
MISCELLANEOUS006.0???000.00000000000.20430600?00?1111.
4
ANT1WASTE, ANTICORRUPTION, ANTIBUREAUCRACY
ntofDre Chinchow stated (Apr. 10) that cultural workers in Liaosi
Provinee promoted the anticorruption drive by a series of plays illustrating cases
of corruption. More than 127,000 persons saw the plays, many of them going onto the
stage to make accusations at the end of a play. Hofei reported (Apr. 12) that in
Pengpu, Anhwei, the Austerity Committee recently called a rally to accuse merchants
of defrauding the Government and making fake drugs, when several corrupt elements
were rounded up end arrested because they refused to confess. Wuhsi said (Apr. 8)
that the Tunsien Austerity Committee called a meeting Apr. 6 to urge workers and shop
clerks to promote the drive as a celebration of the third anniversary of Wuhsien's
liberation. Nantung reported (Apr. 9) that the blackboard newspaper in the Nantung
People's Palace of Culture was used to accuse merchants SM Kung-yuan and Yin Tung-
cheng of corruption and tax evasion, ard to warn other merchants to confess if they
hoped for lenient treatment.
Peking reported in numeral code (Apr. 9) that in Sian business and industrial firms
were busy "formulating patriotic law-observing pacts" in connection with the five
-
anti's drive, especially in Chu 5, where 1,700 of the city's 1,900 firms were located.
The pacts were being drawn up to fit individual cases. For example, Lo Ling-yuan
of the Wanchingtang Drug Store sold fake medicines, evaded taxes, and beat up shop
assistants, so his pact read that he pledged to "put his books and accounts on a
sound basis, not to evade taxes, pledge not to sell fake medicines, pledge not to
again beat and rail at shop assistants, and pledge to pay wages regularly." The
Wuyi Dress Shop cheated on materials, so its pact pledged that "if there are
surplus materials, they will be returned to the patrons."
Tsinan announced (Apr. 12) that 79 senior clerks in Tsinan private factories had
aligned themselves with the working class by exposing corruption of capitalists.
Hangchow reported (Apr. 12) that in the Chekiang branch of the People's Bank members
of tiger-hunting teams were hesitant in influencing members of families of suspected
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tigers, as they did not wish to bring women and children into the controversy, but
after seeing results achieved by other a they intensified their indoctrination of
family members. As a result Wang Chang-hsing's wife handed over 80 ounces of gold;
Hsi Chiachou's wife handed over 18 million yuan in spite of her mutual alliance
with her husband;.and the teams were able to turn in 1.3 billion yuan in restitution
funds.
Yangchow stated (Apr. 8) that the North Kiangsu Tax Bureau had received a letter
from clerk Tao Hsiao-chen of the Hangchow cloth trade acknowledging the reward of
2.75 million yuan paid him for reporting a case of tax evasion, and contributing
the money to the People's Volunteers in Korea. Nantung asserted (Apr. 13) that workers
in Yutachin? Tienchang, Chinyuan, and HeinInng were highly successful in holding
conferences with their employers to persuade them to confess their corruption. Wuhan
said (Apr. 11) that in Canton the Austerity Committee had organized "activist
elements" to promote the anticorruption drive, and that drug store clerk Mo Te-jen,
who gained *wide fame" for his accusations against his employer, was among a group
given membership in the Youth Corps in recognition of their efforts.
Shanghai announced (Apr, 7) that more than 300 Foochow senior clerks who had
graduated from the senior clerke? training class held a rally Mar, 28 and reported
400 cases of corrui5tion. Wuhan reported (Apr. 7) that Chang Ming-yuen and nine
other hardware store clerks had issued a public letter to senior clerks calling
upon them to support the anticorruption drive "by overcoming their hesitancy."
Hofei complained (Apr. 11) that in the past clerks had refused to accuse their employers
through loyalty, feeling that since their employers furnished the capital for the
stores, and furnished their food and clothing, it was unjust to cause trouble for
them. Their erroneous thinking was corrected during the anticorruption drive, they
learned that the employers had grown rich by exploiting workers, and with this
indoctrination senior clerks Yang Ta-kuen and Yeh Chung-chu of the general merchan-
dise trade willingly exposed their employers, even though they were relatives.
Sian said (Apr. 12) that the Northwest Austerity Committee had accused cadres of
laxity in ?carrying out restitution work, and ordered that this phase of the work be
improved by the end of April. Kunming reported (Apr. 9) that Kunming shop employees
had learned that one corrupt merehant, in filling out Fiveaantils forms, listed
only ln percent of his eorruption, while another affixed someone else's seal
instead of his awn.
Adjudication and Final Stens. Anshan announced (Apr. 11) that Ninghsia Province
on Apr, I organized a Peoples Tribunal to adjudicate corruption cases. .Chinchow
reported (Apr, 10) that the Chinehow Government organized a People's Tribunal
Apr. 5 with People's Court Chief Justice Liang Hung as presiding judge on the
comm ittea of nine. Mukden said (Apr. 9) that Northeast Government Chairman Kao
Kang had stated that the Three-Anti's drive would be "basically completed" in April
on all Government levels of the Northeast, and that "with the approaching end of the
ThreeaAnti's drive negligence and complacency should be guarded against ....
Workers should be given a popular education for class consciousness to teach them
to struggle against embezzlement of Government property and take care of the
property for construction of their own new Nation." Mukden said (Apr. 12) that
1,300 activist elements had emerged from the .drive as leading cadres in Heilungchiang
Province.
Tainan reported (Apr. 10) that in Kuomin Mill Number 2 confessions and restitution
had been made by Yang Wei-chin, Hu Tseng-wei, and Hsieh Chi-jen to gain leniency,
but that Yu Cheng-cheng still refused to confess and had been given a deadline.
Tsinan said (Apt. 12) that 4,500 local workers, 37 percent of the total union
membership, had joined trade unions to protect themselves against exploitation by
capitalists as a result of the anticorruption drive. Hangchow announced (Apr. 8)
that eight imprisoned merchants had been released on bail "upon the request of
local merchants," following full confessions and new accusations, so that "they
might engage in production while awaiting judgment." Hangchow said (Apr. 9) that
at rallies in the various chu of Hangchow workers were being "urged to use the same
spirit" exhibited during the anticorruption drive "to promote the production drive."
Yr-
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Yangchow announced (Apr. 12) that local workers were collecting information "for the
return of stolen funds and property."
Hofei annowiced (Apr. 11) that the local People's Tribunal met and granted lenient
treatment to the following cadres and fierchants following confessions and restitu-
tion of funds: Chu Chien-huap guilty of 16 million yuan in corruption; Li Kuo-ching,
19 million; Chou Ching-jenp 15 million; Li Yu-seng, 25 million; and Mao Yung-chip
85 million, Hu inn reported (Apr. 8) that cadres in the Huainan branches of the
China Food Company and the China Emporium and in the Huainan Flour Mill held an
adjudicztion meeting and disposed of grafters, arresting four who had refused to
oDinfessc Huainan said (Apr. 10) that the Austerity Committee of one colliery had
exempted 60 persons who grafted more than one million yuanp 7 out of 8 guilty of
10 million, and arrested one person on the spot when he refused to confess to corrup-
tion &mounting to 40 million yuan. Huanian added (Apr. 11) that the Chiulung-kang
Colliery Austerity C moittee had reported receipt of 10 confessions, 701 items of
stolen propertyp ;0:1 116 new accusations.
Nanchang announced (Apr. 11) that among local public offices and trading companies
aU corruption cases amounting to less than 10 million yuan had been "basically
adjudicated." Wuhan reported (Apr. 11) that a People's Tribunal had been organized
in Canton: and 10 rules for governing the anticorruption drive had been promulgated.
Lenienny was-shown the owner of the Chinhua Pharmacy, accused of evading 300 million
yuan in taxes: when he confessed and involved the owners of the Tungchang Pharmacy,
who ther were ordered arrested for failure to confess.
Chungking announced (Apr. 12) that People's Tribunals had been established in various
areas of the Southwestp with the People's Supreme Court instructed to handle serious
cases and act :s a court of appeal. Kunming reported (Apr. 10) that as a result
of consultative meetings between workers and capitalists many merchants had confessed
to gain lenieney. The Austerity Committee adjudicated 1,000 cases Mar. 26. Kunming
added (Apr, 12) that 90 percent of Kunming's businessmen, 14,000, had been checked
by workers and exempted from punishment. Kunming stated (Apr. 13) that in numerous
meetings held by Government offices and organizations to adjudicate minor cases,
"cadres in charge were found to have rightist leanings, and had failed properly to
punish major eorrupt elements."
Peking reported in numeral code (Apr. 7) that in the Huangpu district of Shanghai
the Austerity Committee found merchant Lu Chi-hsin law-abiding because he made a
full confession and 64 accusations, and granted leniency to another group making
240 accusations, including the owner of the Juichenghua Shop. Li Mei-tang was
exposed at once when he tried to hide part of his corruption. Peking said (Apr. 10)
in numeral code that Chief Justice Mu Fu of the Chu 7 People's Tribunal of Peking
had convenedeeourt and adjudicated 41 cases of merchants, granting leniency to the
Wan Jung, Yung Ta, and Hsin Sheng firma upon their promise to make restitution. The
Hsieh Cheng Yu yard goods shop, the Fuhsinglo Cafe, and the Current Affairs and
Culture Service Society were given heavy sentences because of their failure to make
full confessions. Owners of the Yungyi Dye Shop failed to confess satisfactorily,
so were fined three times the amount of their bribes, 50 percent of their embezzle-
ments: and were ordered to pay their back taxes for 1950-51. Defendants facing
finaneialedifficulties were permitted to pay back funds in installments.
Peking announced in nnprral code (Apr. 9) that in the factories and mines of North
China the drive had been concentrated on corruption, and added: "Bureaucratic
practices in enterprise management, basic constructions and production leading to
waste have not yet been seriously eliminated. Therefore, following the anti-
corruption struggle, various factories: mines, and enterprises should mobilize
the masses to carry out antiwaste and the antibureaucracy struggle with earnestness."
Peking added (Apr. 10) that the Five-Anti's drive had demonstrated that the chair-
men and seeretaries of the various trade unions were involved in serious corruption
and tax evasion, so "Only by relying on workers and shopkeepers can tax collection
be completed euccessfully." In the future each tax report would have to bear the
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signatures of the manager and accountantof the shop, and would have to pass a final
check by the shopkeeper of each sales counter.
CASES OF CORRUPTION
Private usinessnen. Anshan announced (Apr. 13) that the Anshan Austerity Committee
had sentenced Liao Seng-chien to prison for 15 years for corruption and refusal to
confess, and had sentenced Wang Chung-tao to 4 years of labor reform. Sentences
were passed on 13'others, including Lo Chin-chuan and Chao Chin-hsiu, while Hsu
Kuo-cheng was released from prison and granted leniency for making accusations.
Chinchow stated (Apr. 9) that merchants Cheng Cheng-jen and Chem Pi-ju had been
charged with corrupting workers by bribes.
Hangchow announced (Apr. 7) the arrest of merchant Cheng Chien-ying, who corrupted
cadretYu-feng of the Chekiang Department of Industries to make an illegal profit
of 27 million yuan on one transaction; and of merchant and counterrevolutionary Li
Ying-chu, who eonnived with the Chekiang Transport Bureau to defraud the Government
of 800 million yuan. Hangcbow added (Apr. 11) that because of corruption in the
leadership of the Hangohow Cenntruetion Trade Association organizing committee, the
unit had been dissolved and a temporary working committee appointed to do its work.
Yangehow asserted A. 13) that merchant Hsu Chi-ching attempted to cover his tax
defalcations, hut was exposed by his senior accountant. Wuhsi reported (Apr. 8)
that Huang 1-1ung, Wuhsien merchant, had been arrested "by popular demand" for
mistreating his clerk, Yeh'Liang-fa, closing his shop, and "attacking the Government
when the cadres tried to reason with him." Peking announced in numeral code (Apr. 10)
that vegetable merchant Chia Lan-ehou had been exposed for tax evasions of 114
million -plan, while merchants Liu Feng-ming and Meng Ta-ching underreported their
business by 20 million. Hofei claimed (Apr, 12) that 178 businessmen who had
contracts with the Huainan Mining Administration cheated to the amount of 7 billion
yuan; caused death to 12 miners and injuries to 1,041; and embezzled the savings
or the miners.
Wuhan eharged (Apr, 7) that Hsieh Chu-ping obstructed the farm production program
by cheating on contracts with the China Farm Implement Company. Wuhan said (Apr. 10)
that Wu Hsin-Ro and Ma Ohiangslan; would be placed under arrest for cheating on
coniiraets to make drills for the Chinohiang Conservancy Project, using scrap steel
for 250 e)" the 400 tons of tools produeed. Peking reported in numeral code (Apr. 12)
that Cantor se Mayor Yeh Chien-ying, in a speech Apr. 7 to promote the Five-Antirs
drive, declared that 235 local drug dealers embezzled 100 billion yuan and sold
false drugs; the grain processing trade, "which awed its revival to the Liberation,"
smuggled goode, embezzled funds, and cheated on Array contracts; the oil processing
trade infiltrated agents into state industries to steal information to use in
speculation; and foreign traders had "placed China's National economy under foreign
imperialists" by 1115eitly exporting strategic wolfram, tin, antimony, rice, gold,
and silver, and smuggling morphine and opium. Mayor Yeh placed the number of
Canton nun-law-abiding firms at 4 percent of the total, and commented on lenient
treatment granted lor firms, including Yungfa Pharmacy, Kuangchoa Construction
Company, Maofengiung Rice Mill, and Chinmei Pharmacy. On the other hand, no leniency
had teen shown the Hsinkuang; Yurgte, and Hanmin Pharmacies, Cbangcheng Construction
Company, Jelifeng Rice Mills; and Chengchan Oil Works "because of their obstructionist
tactics." 1/[vor Yeh attacked "the rightist leanings" of small law-abiding firms
that "called for conlusion of tbe drive."
Party. end puljic officials. Peking said in numeral code (Apr. 7) that the order
far the dismissal and arrest of Ho Heng-fu, briefly announced by Peking Apr. 4$
had been issued by Premier Cheri En-lai on the basis of charges that Ho embezzled
Government property; speculated, smuggled drugs and gold, refused to confess, and
obstructed eonfessions. He was a member of the Wuhan city Government, the Central
and South China Economic and Finance Committee, and the Central and South China
Military and Administrative Committee, as well as owner of the Chienchiang Trading
Company. At a rally held by the Wuhan Joint Chamber of Industry and Commerce
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preparatory committee, of which Ho was chairman, Wei Chin-fel, Wuhan Austerity
Committee Deputy Chairman, stated that, "Leniency can be expected from the People's
Government only if fell confession is made." Ho refused to confess, was accused of
cheating the Government out of 700 billion yuan, and his dismissal and immediate
arrest demanded :t the rally. Wuhan stated (Apr. 11) that various public organiza-
tions had expressed support for punishment meted out to Ho.
Hofei reported (Apr. 10) that Chou Chi-ming, chief of the labor section of the
Anhwei Federation of Labor, had been expelled from the Party, dismissed from office,
and arrested for exploiting his position to injure workers and engage in illegal
activitiee. He was leader of a smuggling ring with Chang Chi-ping and Ho Hsiu-.ming
when they were caught with 45 ounces of opium, 52 silver dollars, and large quantities
of merchandise; in 1950 he helped factory owner Liu Pg-fu suppress a strike in a
factory; and in his position as Party cadre he regularly aided bandits and secret
agents. Chou had been a member of the Communist Party since 1940. Hofei announced
(Apr. 8) that Rua Han, Secretary General of the Anching Special District, Anhwei,
had been expelled from the Party, dismissed from office, and arrested for defrauding
the Government of 460,073 catties of rice and other corruption amounting to 51 million
yuan; for corrupting cadres; and for getting jobs for 18 capitalists, reactionaries,
and landlords, including his awn brother. An article in the HUN NAN HUAN PEI JIH
PAC "attacked the bureaucracy" of the Anching Special District for not checking
earlier on Him, "who bribed cadres with money and women" to carry on corrupt activities.
Hofei said (Apr. 11) that corrupt cadres Ho Ssu-cheng, Tsao Chien-chung, and Yu
Chia-chin had been sentenced to prison for refusing to confess and make restitution
in connection with corruption amounting to 180 million yuan. Merchant Weng Ko-cheng,
who also was involved, had been ordered arrested but had not been found.
Hangchow stated (Apr. 11) that Wang Izu-an of the Hangehiang Textile Mills had been
exposed for stealing cotton from the warehouse and selling it to corrupt merehants,
Hangchow reported (Apr. 12) that Chang Ching-kao of the Railway Workers Union had
been sentenced to 2 years of labor reform for embezzling 9 million yuan in Union dues
and Resist-America, Aid-Korea donations and refusal to confess. Huainan said (Apr. 8)
that twe cadres had been dismissed from the Huainan office of the China Farm Implement
Company fer graft.
Peking reported in numeral code (Apr. 9) that at a meeting of Party Committees and
organizations of North China :Mar. 26 a report on the anticorruption drive stressed
the "dual needs of strong ideological leadership and the elimination of remnant
bureaucratic bourgeoise among Party cadres." Nine inspection teams were organized
to check on the "democratic and efficient operation of affiliated organs of the North
China Rureae."
ECONOMIC PROBLEM
Effects of Anticorru tion Drive. Tainan asserted (Apr. 8) that workers in Tsingtao
had exposed factory owners "who refused to resume work" after the drive against
corruption "on the pretext they were short of materials and funds." Chin Chi-shan,
owner of the Tungcbang Factory, brought out cash to open the factory when pressed
by the workers. Hangchow reported (Apr. 9) that "because of the emphasis on the
drive" by the leadership in the Chekiang Pharmaceutical Company, "workers there
erroneously turned all their attention to promoting the drive," with the result that
production dropped 21.8 percent in February. Wuhsi announced (Apr. 8) that the
Shanghai-Nanking Railway now was "light-loading training cars," and would accept
less than carload shipments at carload rates.
Sian stated (Apr. 7) that the Lanchow office of the China Food Company saved more
than one billion yuan in handling charges "and helped local industry" in Chingning
Hsien, Kansu, by having its wheat milled there. Kunming admitted (Apr. 9) that the
Yunnan Food Bureau had reported granaries neglected during the anticorruption drive,
with the result that 300,000 catties of grain in Nienning Hsien and 620,000 catties
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in Huitse Haien had germinated and deteriorated. Kunming said (Apr, 12) that though
still carrying out the anticorruption drive, the People's Bank of Hohsi "has resumed
normal operations" and was issuing production loans to farmers.
Chinchow asserted (Apr. 10) that with the elimination of troublesome elements in
the Chinchow Textile Mills, especially Chao Chung-fu, "who regularly pitted one group
of workers against another and created havoc in the mill," efficiency had been
greatly increased. Tainan announced (Apr. 9) that by allocating workers from the
drive to carry out production operations, the State-owned Welching Chemical Factory
was able to fulfill its March quota. Tsinan said (Apr, 11) that by allocating cadres
to "strengthen its normal operations" the Shantung branch of the China Food Company
had completed 70 percent of its sales quota by Mar. 27. According to Kaifeng
(Apr. 7) in the Hsuchang Railway Station the anticorruption drive increased the effi-
ciency of the workers, as "one worker will do two persons' work in order to replace
corrupt elements," Yangehor claimed (Apr. 13) that by eliminating corrupt elements
the North Kiangsu Native Products Company increased its production efficiency. "Cadres
are devoting their entire attention to business operations and doing the work of
several persons." Huainan declared (Apr. 10) that in the Chiulungkang Colliery
workers "revised their patriotic pacts" to insure victory on "both the tiger-hunting
and production fronts." Huainan claimed (Apr. 13) that in the Tatung Hospital,
"after taking care of sick people during regular hours," cadres were "using their
spare time to collect information on corrupt elements."
Wuhan asserted (Apr. 7) that the Canton Tax Bureau carried on normal operations all
during the anticorruption drive by promoting active cadres to responsible positions.
"In spite of attempts to corrupt les Kuang-yao of the id Bureau in the past with
money and women, he remained honest and now has been promoted." Wuhan explained
(Apr. 11) that in Canton one-fourth of the workers had been organized into a central
force to prosecute the anticorruption drive, with another one-third "supporting
them." Chengking claimed (Apr. 8) that the Wuhsin Dry Cell Factory in Luchou,
Szechwan, "lengthened the life of its batteries by dismissing 20 unproductive personnel
and crafty merchants," while the Tunghsin and the Tatung Soap Factories cut work
costs 29.3 percent in the same way. Kunming asserted (Apr. 7) that in one section
of the Yunnan Trading Company "17 persons now are doing the work of 26 with greater
efficiency and economy." Kunming stated (Apr, 13) that as a result of the anti-
corruption drive In Yunnan workers in Government offices had gained, as "leading
cadres now solicit the ideas of the workers, and dare not cheat on board and wages."
In the Knmadng Department Store the management was attacked because of the poor food.
"Now the food has been greatly improved." Other claims of positive gains from the
anticorruption gains with no attempt at explanation were monitored from Shanghai,
Dairen, Chinchow, Tsinan, Sian, and Wuhan.
Peking in numeral code (Apr. 9) quoted from the North China Economic Conference in
Peking in saying that after the drives an effort would be made to "strengthen
various kinds of economic construction work." After April, in State-operated plants
and offices, two-thirds of the energy would be devoted to production and functional
activities, with cadres replaced from "active elements who demonstrated their firm-
ness and reliability" during the drives. Minor corrupt elements who were sincerely
penitent would be given "appropriate work," after "undergoing reformative educatioe,"
and ca-haes who neglected functional activities, or "who are unwilling to do economic
work" should be reminded of their mistake and criticized.
Prices Shorta es and Trade. The Peking hone service (Apr. 9) announced that the
Peking branch of the China General Merchandise Company had announced a price cut
averaging 5 percent on 500 items and 7.5 percent on 3,300 other items. The Tientsin
branch announced a cut averaging 7.91 percent on 415 items. This price cut was
credited to the accomplishments of the anticorruption drive. Simultaneous price
cuts were reported by the Sian, Yinhsien, South Anhwei, and Northeast China branches
of the China General Merchandise Company. Hangchow (Apr. 9) quoted the CHIEH FANG
JIH PAO as saying the Shanghai stores under the jurisdiction of the Company had
made cuts averaging 11 percent on 10,000 items. Hangchow added (Apr. 12) that tea
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speculators in Hangchow had been eliminated by drastic price cuts and unsold stocks,
while workers were turning down goods which were overpriced. Wuhan reported (Apr. 9)
that the Hunan branches of the China General Merchandise Company had made price cuts
of 6-30 percent on a long list of items. Wuhan explained (Apr. 13) that China General
Merchandise Company contracts with private firms now were "subject to rigid inspection
by factory workers." Chungking announced (Apr. 10) that the local China Department
Store had cut prices 5 percent on 1,528 items; the Sikang branch had cut prices on
daily necessities 15 percent; and the Kweichow branches had cut prices on 818 items.
Kunming reported (Apr. 8) that the Yunnan State trading companies had reduced prices
on lard, vegetable oil, and cloth.
Shanghais price quotations (Apr. 10) for East China cities showed a drop of 10 per-
cent in the Tsinan price of cigarettes; slight drops in coal, newsprint, and tung
oil; and no changes in prices of yarn, cloth, wheat, flour, edible oil, soap, and
salt, For Tsingtao there was a drop of 5,percent in cigarette prices, a slight
increase in tung oil, and no changes in other commodities. Nanking showed a drop
of 8-9 percent in the price of yellow beans, no changes in other commodities. Hangchow
showed a drop in prices on edible oil, soap, cigarettes, and yellow beans, with no
changes on other commodities. No quotations were given for Foochow.
Mukden announced (Apr. 9) that the Northeast China Government had decreed that wages
be increased 10 percent in production departments, 8 percent in other departments.
"To solve workers' housing problems, rent, water and power fees equivalent to 20 per-
cent of the basic wages will be given and added to wage standards." Mukden (Apr, 10)
quoted from a report by the NorthAst People's Economic Planning Committee in stating
that industrial establishments in the Northeast increased production 20 percent in
1951 over 1950 figures, However, though State-owned farms increased by 542, food
production dropped 5,2 percent "from natural calamities and expansion of the production
areas of industrial materials."
Nanchang reported (Apr, 13) that cadres in Kuapgfeng Helen, KiangSi, had teen charged
with negligence in distributing relief grain, as a poor peasant who suffered from
drought and lost his pig to a tiger received the same amount of relief as did a rich
farmer who fed the relief grain to his pig, Wuhan announced that the Central and
South China branch of the China General Merchandise Company had set up stations in
Hunan to "furnish daily necessities" to workers on the highway from Chengte to the
Chinchlang Conservancy Project. Chungking stated (Apr. 10) that in northern Szechwan
loans of 35 million catties of food and 28,2 billion yuan had been made to farmers,
and 7.6 billion yuan worth of relief distributed through chu and hsiang stations to
"boost the production morale" of the peasants, Kunming said (Apr. 13) that the
Southwest Military Administration had "allocated huge funds" for relief in rural areas
suffering from famine, or where poor farmers were unable to finance their farming
operations on newly allocated land.
Peking in numeral code (Apr. 8) quoted from directive of the Central Government
Administrative Council on development of middle school technical education which
pointed out that the quality and quantity of present middle technical schools were
far short of needs in carrying out the 5-year plan to train 500,000 technical c dres,
Not only would new schools be needed, but various forms of technical short-term
classes and sp re-time supplementary technical courses would need to be opened on
the farms and in the mines. Political education also would be needed) but "instruc-
tional methods should be pertinent and practical so as to be able to carry out the
assignment of rapidly turning out large numbers of technical cadres."
Mukden (Apr. 12) quoted from a TUNGPEI JTH RAO editorial urging that trade be promoted
through the cooperatives and the allocation of processing orders to private factories.
Tsinan reported (Apr. 10) that the Shantung Trade Conference decided an the develop-
ment of an interflow of native products between rural and urban areas, the purchase
of native products, the placing of processing orders, the protectibn warehouses, the
streamlining of organization, and the strengthening of transportation for successful
completion of the seasonal trade plan. Hangchow stated (Apr. 12) that cloth and
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general merchandise firms were expanding business with capital that had previously
been unreporte0, as 50 percent of the capital disappeared with the anticorruption
drive, but now was returning with adjudication of corruption cases.
Forest Conservation. Chinchow reported (Apr. 12) that the Liaosi Bureau of Forestry
had ordered cadres to protect the forests, as 25 fires had destroyed 166,800 trees
in Chinchaw, Faku0 Hsingcheng? Liaochung, Chinghsi, Tiehling0 and Hsinmin Hsien since
Mar. 11, Shanghai announced (Apr. 7) that the East China Government had issued a
directive calling for better protection of forests, as 151,000 mou of forest were
destroyed in 1951, Nanchang stated (Apr. 12) that 10 li of forest were destroyed
in Tehsing Hsien/ Kiangsi, during March by grass fires started in wheat fields.
Kunming said (Apr, 7) that the Yunnan Government had issued a directive calling for
better protection gainst forest fire.
Chinchow announced (Apr. 8) that 31,884 hectares of land would be planted with trees
in Chavgwu Hsien, Liaosi, under a 5-year afforestation plan. Mnkden reported (Apr. 8)
that the Wood Testing Bureau of the Northeast Institute of Research had made 1,000
tests on 20 kinds of wood found in the Northeast and established 700 uses for the
wood in the construction industry, "largely through a study of progressive Soviet
methods." The Bureau was now supervising the rehabilitation of bridges and "national
defense installations" in the Northeast.
lipecial Pro acts, Chungking announced (Apr. 7) that units of the Southwest Railway
Engineering Bureau had started a production emulation drive to insure completion
of the Chengyn Railway by July 1. Mukden said (Apr. 8) that the LUTA JEN= JIH PAO
had called upon workers to celebrate May Day by promoting emulation production/ and
that workers in Anshan, Dairen and Mukden had issued statements supporting the idea.
Kunming announced (Apr. 13) that bus service from Kunming to Kuitse and Tunghai was
inaugurated Apr. 15 on a semiweekly basis. Sian stated (Apr. 7) that an Army battery
fired more than 250 rounds of artillery shells to break the ice jam at Tengkou Hsien/
Ninghsia, relieving the area of spring floods.
Wuhan reported (Apr. 11) that 230,000 peasants from Sbishou and other hsien in the
Chinehiang Conservancy District had been relocated and granted 10 billion yuan to
cover moving expenses. Anshan announced "(Apr. 1) that the water supply in certain
sections of the city would be shut off for several hours in the morning and again in
the afternoon. This same announcement was carried each day by Anshan through Apr. 7.
Peking in a home service broadcast (Apr. 13) announced that Chinese and British
delegations in Aloseow had signed a trade agreement. Hangchow said (Apr. 12) that in
Liueben village, Hsuanping Hsien, Chekiang, authorities had been charged with
maladministration in repair of a reservoir when they1 ordered the repairs contrary
to the desires of the Conservancy Committee with no estimations of initial cost or
resulting benefits. Work was stopped after the third day.
RURAL DEVELOPMENTS
=Ina Production. Shanghai announced (Apr. 7) the launching of a series of broad-
casts to promote the spring farming program through talks on production, fertiliz-
ing, drought prevention, and the promotion of rural trade. Wuhan said (Apr. 7)
that the Hunan Trading Company had set up operations offices to take care of the
buying of farm products and the supplying of farmers' needs. Already 1.51 billion
yuan worth of native products had been handled. Wuhan stated (Apr. 8) that the
Shanchou Special District, Honan, had instructed hsien Governments immediately
to appoint cadres to man farm production offices to help farmers with spring
production "by overcoming their hesitancy."
Foochow reported (Apr. 9) that with reports of drought conditions in Lunchi Hsien,
Fukien, the drought control office had intensified irrigation construction there.
Chungking stated (Apr. 10) that in eastern Szechwan 5 million persons had been
mobilized for drought-prevention work, with loans of 29.4 billion yuan and 26.75
million catties of food allotted to them. Kunming said (Apr. 11) that in Iliang
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Hsien, Yunnan, the China Food Company was promoting spring production by making
advance loans on the horse bean crop. Foochow announced (Apr. 13) that the MAnhou
Peoplets Bank had made farm loans to peasants who had previously been unable to
start spring farming. Wuhan announced (Apr. 8) that in some Honan hsiang 80 percent
of the peasants had been organized into mutual-aid teams. Kunming admitted (Apr. 8)
that mutual aid teams had not been successfully organized in some rural areas "as a
result of peasant& misunderstanding." Kunming reported (Apr. 13) that at a meeting
in Iliang Hsien, Yunnan, farmers who received land through land reform "and now
refuse to help Army dependents" were told to correct their thinking. Kaifeng
(Apr. 7) quoted from a HONAN JIH PAO editorial calling upon the farmers to promote
spring farming by carrying out the preferential treatment program. Numerous other
broadcasts carried items urging spring farming activity, telling of mutual-aid
teams, bank loans, fertilization programs, drought prevention, and so forth.
anecialleadsand Problem. Nanchang asserted (Apr. 10) that in Paisha Hsiang,
Lichuan Hsien, Kiangsi, farmers had overcome their shortages of equipment and cash
by organizing mutual-aid teams, k farmer who had been allotted an ox or a plow used
his equipment to farm land belonging to all members of the team. Extra men hired
themselves out for cash to finance the farming. Nanchang said (Apr. 11) that five
childrents teams in Tiehshan Chu, Shangjao Hsien, Kiangsi, were farming 3.5 mou of
wasteland, from which they had dug 1,600 catties of stumps and a large quantity of
native bricks to finance the operation. Chungking announced (Apr. 12) that in Suining
and Parpu Hsien, northern Szechwan, comunal awards of banners, waterwheels, and
3 million yuan, and individual awards of farm tools, were given as prizes for achieve-
ment in drought prevention. The Southwest Government called upon all Militiamen to
promote the farm program by organizing mutual aid teams and combating drought.
Peking reported in numeral code (Apr. 9) that Lin Feng, Northeast China Vice Chairman,
advised that "only one or two experimental gollective farms for accumulating
experience should be established in each province," and they should be set up "or0a7
under proper leadership and at Rey points where the people have a comparatively
richer experience in mutual aid work and where the leadership is comparatively
strong."
Nanchang reported (Apr. 7) that peasants Chang Yung-kou, Ho Fu-seng, and Ho Fu-ching
of Hsinalin Hsiang, Chu 1, Tzuchi Hsien, Kiangsi, had been allotted a good plow ox
during land reform, but it was incapacitated in half a month from lack of food,
Injuries, and overwork. Cadres were warned to instruct peasants an the proper care
of draft animals and to "correct their attitude that they need not take care of
things which cost them nothing." Cadres in the China Livestock Insurance Company
of Poyang Hsien, Kiangsi, were instructed to "correct the thoughts" of farmers in
Chenghsi and Huangchin Hsiang who were letting their oxen die so they could demand
good replaeemepts from the Insurance Company.. Village Chief Wang Te-ming of
Huangehin Hsiang told the farmers that since their cattle were insured they need
not care for them, with the result that nine oxen died there this winter and spring.
When farmer Tso Keng-huai was told to feed and water his ox he refused to do so,
as he anted it to die so he could get a better one. Nanchang added (Apr. 11)
that the action of farmer Hsu Ko-chu of Linhsi Chu, Shangjao Hsien, who worked his
ox to death and then claimed indemnity, had "aroused the protests of other farmers."
Wuhan said (Apr. 8) that the Honan Party Committee, its efforts to combat rightist
lealaings among rural cadres, had cited the laxity among cadres of Hsuchang as an
example. The Committee ordered progressive cadres to check on the backward ones
and "correct their thinking," and ordered wayward cadres to "work with the farmers
or face punishment." Shanghai announced (Apr. 9) that model farmers Chen Hsiang-
hsien, Chou Chen-fu, and Huang Chi-hsi, of Chekiang Province, left Hangchow late
in March to study sovkhozes and kolkhozes in the USSR.
IgUalatalal. Wuhan announced (Apr. 8) that the Hsuchang Special District, Honan,
had called a meeting of rural cadres to correct their rightist leanings, for since
the success of land reform they had become lax, officioels, inclined to luxury,
failed to consider the welfare of the masses, and condoned the exploitation of
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poor peasants by usurers and landowners. Nanchang complained (Apr. 10) that cadres
in Lichuan Hsien, Kiangsi, had become bureaucratic and had rightist leanings 'because
of their failure to fully liquidate the landlords." jMany had become reconciled to
existence of the landlords and expressed sympathy for them. In Yiwang Hsien, Kiangsi,
landlords were accused of burning property rather than handing it over to the
peasants, and cases of mountain fires to hide killings continued to be reported.
Kunming asserted (Apr. 9) that peasants in Ying village, Chu 5, Paoshan Hsien;
Yunnan, had been handing out concealed property of landlords one item after another
since they had been relieved of the anxiety that they would be punished. Kunming
stated (Apr. 12) that in Erhlang Hsiang, Chanyi Hsien, Yunnan, peasants recently met
to distribute confiscated assets of landlords. Hsien Party Committees in Yunnan
learned from experience that leadership would have to be strengthened and cadres
indoctrinated before land reform could be properly implemented. Cadres would have
to classify landlords into law-abiding and non-law-abiding groups, concentrate their
attention on the latter, and call meetings of peasants to lead them in confiscation
of landlords properties.
PROPAGANDA PROGRAMS
BacteriolmioloEmfam. Peking announced in home service broadcasts (Apr. 9-11) that
the Chinese Commission to Investigate the U.S. Crime of Germ Warfare had returned
to Maikden from Pyongyang; and would continue on to Peking. Peking said (Apr. 10)
that NCNA correspondents had given brief descriptions of U.S. methods in spreading
germs at the Korean front. According to a Peking home service broadcast (Apr. 13)
Dr. James Endinott, chairman of the Canadian Peace Congress, had completed his
investigation, and had announced that the Americans had been guilty of using
bacteriological warfare. Foochow reported (Apr. 8) that the FUKIEN JIH FAO had
published letters from people of all circles protesting against American use of germ
warfare.
Thou Reform, Peking announced in numeral code (Apr. 9) that Volume II of Mao
Tse-tungls "Selected Works" had been published, and quoted similar announcements
from the broadcasting stations at Shanghai; Wuhai, and Hangchow. Wuhan announced
(Apr. 10) that the book had gone on sale, and that the people were enthusiastically
buying it. Similar announcements were made the same day by the radios at Sian,
"Nanchang; Chinchow, Foochow; Mukden, Dairen, and Yangchow, and on Apr. 11 by Hofei
and Anshan. A Peking home service broadcast (Apr. 12) stated that the book was on
sale in Sinkiang in Mongolian, Uighur, Kazakh, and other minority languages. Sian
claimed (Apr. 13) that all nationalities were making purchases in Sian and Tihua,
Chinchow reported enthusiasm among textile workers, and Anshan asserted that appear-
ance of Volume II of Maols "Selected Works" had stimulated interest in Volume I,
with 100;000 copies of the latter sold in a short time,*
Kunming announced (Apr. 10) that the Yunnan Public Safety Bureau had issued an order
banishing Yugoslav missionaries Sha Shi-ming, Hsieh Li-chu, Wang Jo-wang, Pi Li-chi,
Sung Keng-lung, Yeh Li-ping, and Lu Chin-yung on charges of camouflaging as medical
missionaries and working with local bandits to endanger the safety of the Nation.
They were given 4 days to leave Kunming and one month to get out of China.
Shanghai announced (Apr. 12) that the Nanking Party Committee had called a meeting
of educational workers to discuss "bourgeois thought and the leadership of working
class ideology in education."
ELEattlaljnamitigg. Peking said in numeral code (Apr. 10) that leaders in the
Tibetan Autonomous Area of northern Sikang net Mar. 15 in Teko Hsien to map plans
for the coming year and present citations to model units and individuals. People
of the area were commended "for their help in transporting and safeguarding
military supplies going into Tibet.". A Peking home service broadcast reported
(Apr, 11) that Premier Chou En-lai had feted 10 living Buidhas from Changtu.
Chungking reported (Apr. 8) that People's Liberation Army units were reclaiming
land in the Changtu area of Sikang near the Lantsang River, with Tibetan Army and
civilian personnel aiding in construction of a 30-11 irrigation ditch.
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Kunming reported (Apr, 8) that the Yunnan Institute of Nationalities held its
opening ceremonies Apr. 6 with 500 students. Commissioner Chu Pao-chung urged the
students to become good cadres of the People's Government, and ended with an attack
on American bacteriological warfare. Kunming said (Apr. 12) that 12,000 members
of the Shantao Tribe in Paoshan Hsien, Yunnan, celebrated the first year of opera-
tion of the Yungchuan Joint Minority Administrative Office with a Resist-America,
Aid-Korea rally. Chungking announced (Apr. 7) that "at the request of the Shantou
Nationality Group arrangements had been made for their migration from the mountains
in the Lungchuan, Yingchiangt and Juili areas of Yunnan to the lowlands along the
Lungchuan River. "They were induced to migrate after various propaganda teams had
worked among the mountain people."
Sian stated (Apr. 10) that 8,000 persons of nine nationalities attended a rally in
Lanchow Apr. 6; when Islamic delegate Ma Hung-chun "attacked American imperialistic
aggression and called upon the masses to protest to the United Nations and the
World Peace Council" on the bacteriological warfare issue. Sian reported (Apr. 13)
that Tibetans in the Tibetan Autonomous Region of Tsinghai Province met recently
to map livestock production plans for 1952.
MISCELLANEOUS
klaltzg_Loy. Hangchow reported (Apr. 7) that 1,000 workers of the Fuhua No, 1
Silk Mill attended a public trial at which Judge Sun Pei-yu sentenced Chiang
Chang-yuen to one year in prison and a suspended sentence of 2 years for illegally
living with Tao Ying, a woman worker, who was sentenced to 3 months in prison and
a suspended sentence of one year. Chiang was ordered to return to his wife, Chin
Yu-hua, and pay 140 units to Tao Ying for the care of her child.
Tainan reported (Apr. 8) that health teams had been rushed
to the Haiyang Special District and Huang Hsien, where 481 children in 27 villages
of rural Shantung were said to be stricken with measles. Nanchang announced
(Apr. 12) that the Epidemic Prevention Committee of Tungku Hsien, Kiangsi, had
launched a check on prevention work in an effort to "fully mobilize the masses
to fight epidemics."
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