INDICATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL VULNERABILITIES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-04864A000300040037-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 12, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 6, 2002
• Sequence Number: 37
• Publication Date: March 10, 1953
• Content Type: REPORT

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COUNTRY
SUBJECT
HOW
PUBLISHED
WHERE
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DATE
PUBLISHED
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INDICATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL VULNERABILITIES
STATINTL
DATE OF 13-26 JANUARY 1953
INFORMATION
DATE DIST. / ifA? 1953
NO. OF PAGES/#
SUPPLEMENT TO
t SPORT NO.
or THL UNITED STAT3.r
WITHIN THCMEANINO OF 71761 II, /LOTION/ 7.19
/ENO-7/A, OF THE U,:. ODE, AS AMENDED. 171 TRANIM11160N OR REVS.
LOTION OF ITS CONTENTS TO OR RRCEIFT IV AN UNAUTHORIZED FE070N IS
SOURCE
Monitored Broadcasts
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
C PW Report No, 69 - Inside USSR
(13-26 January 1953)
CLASSIFICATION FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORT NO.
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD NO.
CONTENTS
Legal Sciences Scrutinized ................... 2
Vigilance Campaign..... ....................... 3
Industrial Activities..,..,., ................., 7
Plan Fulfillment ............................. 8
CLASSIFICATION
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STATINTL
Possibly presaging an impending purge in the legal profession is an unsigned
3000-word IZVESTIA article (23 January) on the need of overhauling the business ?f-
law-writing whose f1stale atmosphere" (zatkhlaya obstanovka) has not yet been
affected by the "refreshing wind" (svezhiy veter) of criticism and self-criticism.
Soviet juridical science is said to be definitely "behind the times" and a close
scrutiny of this branch of research is long overdue. There are indications that
this denunciation of legal science is connected with the general controversy
reportedly aroused by Stalin's BOISKEVIK article; IZVESTIA reveals that the work of
some of the outstanding legal experts is shot through with elements of
"subjectivism and idealism"--the errors for which certain Soviet economists "are
subjected to devastating criticism" (podvergnuty unichtozhayuschei kritike) by
Stalin; The Institute of Law-of the USSR Academy of Sciences and the All-Union
Institute of Jurdical Sciences are called to account for having failed in their
duty: they have not become "indefatigable fighters against manifestations of
scholasticism and dogmatism, against the infiltration of bourgeois ideology into
Soviet legal'science," The organ of these Institutes, SOVETSKOYE GOSUDARSTVO I
BRAVO (The Soviet State' and Law) is not living up to its role as a militant
journal (boyevoy zhurnal) of the Soviet legal profession. It is said to have
replaced principles by "lack of principles" (bezprintsipialnost), and that most of
the important. legal issues treated on its pages are discussed and decided in an
atmosphere of "family solidarity" where criticism is unknown and obviously
undes irable.
Among the professors of law, academicians and other noted legal experts whose works
are said to range from "fruitless" (besplodnie) to "obviously influenced by bourgeois
ideology" are
Acad. Lr Strogovitch
Prof. N. Polyansky
J. Eisenstat
A. Gerseneon
Sh. Greengaus
D. Henkin
N. Rabinovitch
A, Karp
M. Isayev
Acad. A. Trainin
Prof. A. Piontkovsky
M. Arshanov
E. Korovin
Z. Chernilovsky
N. Alexandrov
K. Baginyan
M. Lasarev
N. Durmanov
(Although at' least half of the legal experts listed above appear to have Jewish-
sounding name, there is no reference to them,as Jews)
Chernilovskyte treatise on the "State 'Structure,of the,`Chinesi,peopleIs Republic"
and Eieenstat,s similar work on Bulgaria+s state structure are referred to as
"pernicious" (vrednie) monographs, the publication of which was made possible only
in the "atmosphere of shameless self -praise" (obstanovka beemastenahivogo samovos-
khvalenia) prevailing at the All-Union Institute of Juridical Sciences. Prof.
Polyaneky "openly affirms" (pryamo utvershdayet) in his law books that Soviet
legislation has in a number of cases "borrowed" bourgeois legal forms. Viewed as
another major heresy is his thesis that unrestrained reaction in the United States
and England and the destruction of "every vestige', of bourgeois-democratic rights
in those countries are merely "a deviation from their historical path" (uklonenie
at ikh istorioheskogo puti). Similar aspersions are cast on Academician Strogovitch,
some of whose works are said to convey the impression of "open praiser, (pryamoye
voakhvalenie) for bourgeois law. Thus in his textbook on "Criminal Court Trials"
he goes so far as to may that democratic methods of criminal procedure "found
their fullest and most consistent realisation" (nashli naiboleye polnoye i
posledovatelnoy osushchestvlenie) in England. What the Academician obviously forgot,
it is pointed out, is what Engels had to say about the same subject, namely that the
English court "is the final stage in the process of juridical lies and immorality."
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STATINTL
Soviet legal sciefce.is said to have been neglected to such an:extent that many of the
Institutes have failed to hold the interests of their post-graduate students, and
the result is "a great shrinkage" (bolshoy otsev) of the student body. Only
about 30 percent of all the post graduates managed to write acceptable theses ox,_
legal science during the period of 1947-1952? Even the objectionable legal
terminology, "the trash (khlam) brought in from the arsenal of bourgeois legal
science," has not yet been eliminated. Soviet legal experts are not?playing "an
active part" (aktivn.aya rol) in the codification of "all-union laws"
(obshchesoyuznie zakony).which is one of their prime duties. Nor have they shown
any inclination to reorient themselves in keeping with the changing international
situation..; Implying that the leading jurists have failed to look for inspirati
and.,guidance to the only, source.8 Stali.n+s article on economic problems of VrYRGHT
Socialism in USSR,, the article stresses that his work is. ,
a key to the correct understanding of. the inter-
national situation, of the changes in the distri-
bution of forces on the world arena and the changes
in international legal relations resulting therefrom.
Russian text
kiyuch k pravilnomu ponimaniu mezhdunarodnoy obsta-
novki, izmeneniy v rasstanovke ail na mirovoy arene
.i vytekeyushchikh otsyuda izmenen,iy v mezhdunarodno-
pravovykh otnosheniakh.,
Implicated also as having contributed to the "extremely unsatisfactory" situation
in the legal profession are the USSR Ministries of Higher Education and Justice.
They are not exercising "proper control" over the activities of scientific research
institutes, and are not taking any steps, as the paper puts it,..to reconstruct
their own activities in the light of Stalinfe analysis of the "peculiarities of
commodity production and the operation of the law of value under Socialism."
(osobennosti tovarnogo proizvodstva i deistvia zakona stoimosti'?pri sotsializme).
(It may be recalled, in this connection, that in his speech to the 19th Party Congress
Poskrebyshev dealt at some length with the necessity of "streamlining" Soviet
legislation. He said that too much time had been wasted by Soviet lawyers
attempting to;define such secondary, issues as "guilt and culpability" (viva i
vinovnoet) while the, preparation of drafts of the most important all-union laws
was neglected. There is a vast field for Soviet leiril experts, he indicated, in
the study of really topical questions of State and lair, One of them is the
un.ifioation of the various branches of Soviet iegie.Lation on an ell-union scale
in the light of Stalinfs teachings on "the basis and superstructure" and the
economic problems. ,of Socialism.)
!anted, More Vigilanoe ; The cry for intensified ideological and .political vigilance
-w~rw.n Ai ~ i u w rw~wa.
on the part of every Soviet citisen that was raised almost simultaneously with the
disclosure of the Jewish doctors' "plot" to poison leading Party and military
personalities continues unabated. Discussion of the vigilance theme is indeed so
widespread that it he heard from such sources as Sumy (Ukraine) and Saransk
(Mordovian ASSR) which normally do not engage in ideological discourses? In an
editorial on the subject, STALINORAD$KAYA PRAVDA (27 January) quotes Lenin as
having insisted that every Communist must be a "Chekist" (member of the Chekar
MVDIfs predecessor). That statement, says the paper, applies with equal force to the
present situation; every Soviet patriot, every good citisen must also become a good
Chekist who jealously guards the interests of the State against its enemies The
American and British "imperialists" are sending their spies, diversionists and
murderers into "all lands" but they are attempting to send twioe,.or three times the
number of wreckers and murderers into our country than into any other country, the
paper says.
UNCLASSIFIED
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STATINTL
-Referring to the "chronic malignancy" of the concealed enemies, among the Soviet
people,, the paper warns that "they are.still among us" and only rigid and
never-ceasing vigilance will counteract their harmful activities. One does not
have.to go farrto look for those twin evils of "complacency and dawdling" which;,,
invariably play into the enemy's hands, The people of Stalingrad Oblast,; it is
asserted, are not sufficiently.security conscious.- one can often witness the
spectacle of important documents.l.eft lying about on desks in open rooms. The
Oblast Consumers Union1s network.and other. trading organizations are said to
have been "infiltrated by.,doubtful .and unreliable persons." and that applies also
to the Oblast Administration for Cotton Cultivation and Public Health Department,
The work of the Pass Bureau (byuro propuskov--which issues visitors, permits to
ezlter certain important enterprises) ; as well as the "state, of external and
internal, security's (sostoyanie vneshn.ei i vnutretnei okhrany) of Soviet
establishments and enterprises must be thoroughly improved,
The ficharity" (blagotvoritelnost).of the Jewish "Joint".-has now been completely
exposed for what it actually is,., says ' PRAVDA UKRAIg on 20 January. This
international "Jewish bourgeois nationalist organization,," an American es,)ionage
agency, thrives on the fertile soil of our "private.-ownership psychology"
survivals. We still have "partisans of bourgeois outlook and bourgeois morals" HT
and they are live people (zhivye lyudi) determined to undermine the structure
the State ; a .,.,
Foreign intelligence recruits the spieq and murderers
from the remnants of the crushed groups inimical to
the Soviet regime, frcaa the various kinds of nationalist
elements, morally unstable and decayed people.
BUGSKAYA ZARYA says editorially (22-January) that attempts to undermine the might
of the Soviet state will continue, and the recently exposed gang of "doctor-
poisonears" is one more proof that the mortal, enemies of the Fatherland "have not
laid down their weapons." We must learn to recognise our engmAds no matter under
what toga they are hidden, apd this can be acccamplished on1 `with the weapon
provided by Lenin and Stalin: security consciousness. A suarieed version of a
ZKAI A Kc vItJN.IZ editorial.. broadcast from Odessa on 20 January, speaks of,the
"opportunistic complacency, carelessness, yawning spirit and blindness" as the
greatest?'obstacles to revolutionary vigilance?which should not,be,.relaxed for a
single mcanent An article by, Party lecturer S mashkov, broadeastt from. Vinnitsa
on 21:January,. says that,, "bourgeois oppositi.on!" to the Soviet state increases .
proportion.,to.our successes and that the count had been forewarned against ** 11 it by Lenin and $.talin;. Ideological vigilance must therefore be, intensified "on
all, sides.," and., that implies also a further consolidation of the armed forces and
intelligence services..,
Most of the regional editorial comment on the vigilance campaign.. contains
reference to the.class struggle as one. of the basic features of Soviet life now, and
in the foreseeable future All editorial str;ctures 'against complacency and self-
satisfaction are geared to.the concept that even now, during the transition from
Socialism to Communism, .,such a state of mind is incompatible with the reality of
Soviet life, that is the continued class struggle. Typical of these broadcasts Is
a lengthy RADYANSKA UKRA1NA editorial of 23 January. Heartened by' the growing
successes of Socialism in our country, the paper says, "some people began to talk
about the disappearance of the class struggle. Such views, it is emphasized, '+"have
nothing in cb ion" with our Party--they are in fact anti-Party views held by
""degenerates and two-faced" persons who ought to be kicked out of the Party.
CPYRGHT
Ukrainian text:
The elimination of classes is attained not 'by the
disappearance of the class struggle but by the
intensification of the class struggle.
Znyshchennya klassiv dosyagayetsya ne shliakhom
zagasannya klassovoi borotby, a shliakhom ii
posylennya.
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UNCLASSIFIED
Wishful. thinking "will not replace" high political vigilance nor will it.help
us expose all sorts of subversive activities and sabotage by the "hidden enemies"
among us. Recalled in this connection is the recently-exposed "band'of
counterrevolutionary saboteurs" which operated in the Kiev Oblast Consumer"
Industry under the direction of Khain and Yaroshetsky.,
What else but complacency and the lowering of
political vigilance in the Ukrainian Ministry
of Commerce, in the leading Party, Soviet and
prosecuting organs .. could explain the
existence of such large-scale long-unpunished,
counterrevolutionary sabotage of the Khain clique
and other crimes?
Ukrainian text;
CPYRGHT
-Chmm inshym, yak ne rotosiystvomm, yak ne prytyplennyam
politychnoi tsilnosti v Ministerstvi Torgivli URSR, v
kerivnykh, partinynykh, radyanskykh i slidohykh organakh
moehna poyasnyty fakt takogo shyrokogo i dpvgiy cha.s
beekarnogo kontrrevolutsiynogo shkidnytstva'sgrai Khaina,
yaki inshi slochyny?
The mentioned saboteurs, it is disclosed, were aided and abetted by former
secretary-of the Kiev Oblast Party Committee Rakin, who "came to an understanding
with them," while another former Secretary of the same committee, Grysa, is said
to be no less guilty: he failed to detect Rakints "anti-Party behavior" in time.
it all points to the paramount necessity of "ideological hardening" and
intensified vigilance on all fronts, the paper concludes. C omuplacenoy manifested
at a time when-Anglo-Amerioen "imperialists acting through their ager4ta;, thi'Jewish
"doctor-poisoners," are attempting to undermine the Soviet state from"1within and'
deprive us of the fruits of our socialist victories is nothing but Sn idiotic 'I,
disease'! (idiotska khvoroba).. Stressing the need for greater precautions iv the
admission of new members to the Aarty,,the editorial refers obliquely to "the
saturation of, leading posts with unchecked and Oven alien people" who should be
smoked out of there by constant criticism from below and a struggle, against 'dawdling
and light-headedness i Every Co> tunist and patriotic Soviet citizen must "study our
enemies and their Ways" so that they can be exposed and dealt. with by the State.
A SOTSI ILIST1CI SKIY DONBAS editorial transmitted from Stalino~'on 23 Jail"nary
reiterates tho revived slogan that the class struggle, far being "extinguished,"
is-'becoming more acute. This point is driven home by the assertion'that the
imperialist enemies, in attempting to subvert the Soviet state, "are not squeamish"
about making use of the erroneous notion "held by some of our people" that the class
struggle is "withering away." The enemy is becoming more "insiduous and cunning,'.'
and as ' longas he can find willing tools among our "morally unstable and
degenerate" people and "kindle their unhealthy and inimical feelingst' he will
continue to'do no. The worship of the West and manifestations of "nationalism 5PYRGHT
referred to as some of 6-he mentioned "unhealthy" feelings:
As a result of the political complacency of certain
leaders .:.,in some organieetione,,peopl.e doing criminal
anti-state work penetrate materiall,:.y'responsible posts ...
As long as there are dawdlers, the malefactors, spies,
diversionists and'oriminals live happily.
The increase in "aggressive vigilance," says ZARYA VOSTOKA on 25 January, is not
just a campaign and-should not be considered as such, It must become a permanent
and active weapon in the hands of every Communist acid .every worker of our Republic.
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This injunction is reiterated in view of the fact that "unpunished loafing" is still
a common phenomenon in many places while 'morally weak and corrupt people
contaminated by capitalist vestiges" are still at ease.
An anonymous article broadcast from Odessa on 24 January says that wherever
courageous leadership is lacking "anti Leninist groups are trying to take over"
and spread all sorts of n6n4larxist views and concepts. The political-ideological
education of the Ukrainian intelligentsia is ."still backward,ft and the lag in
Ukrainian Soviet literature, art and educational work in general is yet to be
eliminated. Assailed also is the lukewarm attitude on the part `bf "considerable
groups of the population" toward the study and propagation of Party Congress materials
and Stalinfs speech.
Along article on political vigilance published in the January issue of KaMMUNIST
(former BOLSHEVIK) by Secretary of the Leningrad Oblast Party Committee Kozlov,
suggests that the decision on the political vigilance campaign preceded the
disclosure of the doctors+_"plot.it Possibly because the periodical was'off the
press before the plot was announced in the papers, 13 January, there is no reference
in the mentioned article to the nowfamiliar Jewish "spies and foreign agents," but
Kozlovfs treatment of the vigilance issue bears some of the,eaarks of the present
output on the topic. The agents of foreign intelligence services; it is pointed out,
are desperately looking for "weak and vulnerable spots" (slabs'' i neuyazvimye mesta)
and they apparently find them among the unstable elements -ot Q society. In the postwar
years the Leningrad Oblast Party has seen an influx of tens of:thousands new members
into its ranks but the screening of these newcomers has been anything but thorough.
The result is that many people "unworthy of political trust," and at times even
hostile elements, wormed their way into Party posts. To cite but cneexample,'says
Kozlovva?fo mer member of the counterrevolutionary Fund (a Jewish social-democratic
party disbaed shortly after the advent of Bolshevism), after having been expelled
from the Party twice, managed to get in a third time. But that-is not an isolated
case, and only acute vigilance on our part will' keep such elements out of the Party.
Too many local Party organizations are prone to look upon the loss of Party membership
and candidatets cards as a "minor violation" (aelkiy prostupok),, Little do they
realize that such lost documents may fall into the enemy.'s hands,? Henceforth;
it is intimated,, the loss of credentials will be considered tta.o.rime before the' Party"
(prestuplenie pered partiey). All too frequently Party. leaders "do' not see .the
difference between open and secret Party meetings" and treat State secrets as
they see fit.
An unnamed "leader"". (rukovodyashchiy rabotnik), -it is disclosed1, has recently been
expelled from the'Party for "blabbing out" (vybaltyval) state secrets. Riference.to
other prevfiously unmentioned casualties of what appears to be an unpublicised
ideological investigation in Leningrad includes Professors Kornatovskiy and Bernshtam'.
The first.of these is alleged to have
disseminated antiMarxian views under the guise of
propaganda, and injected political perversions
in his lectures.
Russian text;
propagandiroval v zamaskirovanncmn vide anti.mark-
sistskie vzglyady, dopuskal v lektsiakh
politioheskie isvrashohenia.
CPYRGHT
Prof. Bernshtam,' of the "Lesgaft" Institute of National Sciences, along with she' of
his colleagues, is'said to "continue to maintain their anti-Pavlov views"
(prodolshayyut stoyat na antipavlovskikh positsiakh). His latest book '"i#istorioo-
Archeological Sketches of Central Tyan-Shan and Pamiro Altai," just like his previous
publication on the "History of the Huns," in replete with perversions of the crudest
type (grubsishie isvrashchenia).
UNCLASSIFIED
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The nature of the mentioned ideological errors, however, is not explained.
Turning to the field of art,Kozlov says that a checkup on the. performance of the
State Scientific;-Research Institute of the Theatre and.Art revealed that it has
been behind its plans from year to year. As to the actual quality of the
Institutes output, the situation is still more serious from an ideological poG YRGHT
of view and`is summed up in the following observation:
The following practice has been established there: work of
no actual significance, such as the "History of. Ancient
Russian Church Musics is rushed to press while the most
important themes of Marxist-Leninist esthetics and. the
Soviet theatre and music are deliberately held back.
Rues ion text;
V nem ukorenilas takaya praktika: v pechat prodvigalia
raboty, ne imeyushchie ektualnogo snachenia,.--takie,
naprimer, kak "lstoria drevnerueskoy tserkovnoy musyki"--.
a.raboty na vashneishie terry marks isteko.rleninskoy estetiki,
o sovetskoy.muzyke i teatre iskusstvenn.o sadershvalis'..
Industrial Activities: Continued criticism of "mislei'ding" average production indices,
unrhythmic (neritmicheakie) plant operations and limited assortment of manufactures
dominate the output on industry. Another major object of.criticism is the intolerably
slow 'progress in the improvement of production quality. As PRAVDA pointed out 'on
23, January, there are still too many industrial wits and e.ven,entire branches of
industry which "violate the plan in respect of quality and assortment and tolerate
rejects" (naruehayut eadania po kaohestvu i eortnoeti i dopuek t brak) An artifice
adopted by a number of plants and, according to the same paper, not yet 'liminited
is the concentration on the output of simple items at the expense of compliasted-ones;
Thieemethod usually assures a favorable quantitative production index-at the 9316 ofa
certain period, but at the same time violates the plan in regard to the range of
products specified for each plant. -RA YANSKA UKRAINA'e complaint (20 January) is'
low production efficiency in the construction, building aiaterials,,light and other
industries~,? Theret are shortcomings elsewhere in the Ukrainian inndustry,, the paper
,intimates; but the situation in the aboveamed branches is referred to as
,r"partioularly unsatisfactory." (osoblyvo nesadovilno).
Reviving the-theme of the need to mechanize industry on 20 January, PRAVDA refers
to the`"unbusineselike attitude" (beekhosaistvennoye otnoshenie) prevailing in
industry toward technical equipment and further mechanisation of production, This
mechanisation ""must be accompanied" (dolshno soprovoshdatsya) by the "release""
(oevoboshdeni4) of~part of the workers for work elsewhere,,in flew. plants. But
certain indu,etrie'i leaders, the paper complains, prefer to disregard the benefits #'
arising out of greater production efficiency and continue to organise their work"" as
in old times, by large-scale application of manual work" (po-starinke-s shirokim
primeneniem ruchnogo truda).
A Zeynehenko article broadcast from Stavropol on 22 January says that achievements
in the, field of industry and cultural and housing construction cannot be considered
"ONsatisfaotory "by any criterion." The two largest Stavropol town enterprises failed
to fulfill their 1952 annual plan, and do not show any improvement this year. MGHT
are "serious shortcomings" in the work of construction organizations and common
enterprises (kcmmunalnoye khosaistvo)q
Mamr enterprises are still working sporadically which
`inevitably entails defective production, deterioration
of production quality and increased production costs.
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1952 Plan Fulfillment! The summary of industrial progress released by the
Central Statistical Administration on 23 January shows an 11 percent increase
in over-all production over 1951 as compared with the 1E. percent increase of
1951 over 1950. This comparative decrease from the previous year, however, is
not necessarily indicative of an absolute drop in production since the 1952
figure (11-percent) is related to a presumably larger industrial base than
the 16 pex`-ent or -j.9510; In terms of the Five Year Plan, on the other hand,
the production decrease registered in 1952 is absolute to the extent that it is
lower than the average increase of 12 percent provided by the Plan,,
Lumber production still appears to be one of the weakes+ links in the Soviet production
chain having shown e. further lag behind the plan in 1952-(90 percent) than during
the previous year (94 percent). Compared to 1951 again,, the 1952 industrial
performance shows a slow-down in the tempo of industries which hitherto have been
consistently fulfilling and even exceeding their production goals. They are: heavy
machine-building, transportation machine building and agricultural machine building.
In agriculture the only absolute figures given refer to the number of machines--
tractors, combines and trucks--added to the machine-tractor station pool:q
Agricultural yields are. familiarly presented in comparative percentage terms with
the exception of the sugar-beet crop which is said to have amounted to over 27 million
tons in 1951. There is no indication as to the size of the 1952 crop.
No explanation is offered for the smaller increment in_the..labor force of the national
economy (narodnoye.khozaistvo) The 1952 total of 41.7 million workers was 900
thousand larger than the 1951 number which in turn was 1.6 million greater than
in 1950. Although not specifically stated, the total labor force mentioned appears
to include also state farm (sovkhoz) laborers in, addition to white collar, professionals
and scientific workers.
Of some interest is.the reference to the average 1952 income,per:worker'and fsraer as,.
compared to that of 1951 in "comparable prices,, (v soposta,vimykh :tsenakh) a ,,In-193,1
the financial income per worker as well as the financial and material income per
farmer were on the whole 10 percent higher than in 1950. In 1952, according Go the
report, the wct'ker f s income was 7 percent and the farmer +a ,8 percent higher,, than
in 1950.
UNCLASSIFIED
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