INDICATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL VULNERABILITIES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-04864A000300050006-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 12, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 20, 2002
• Sequence Number: 6
• Publication Date: April 1, 1953
• Content Type: REPORT

MAR 19.52 44"
COUNTRY USSR
SUBJECT
HOW
PUBLISHED
WHERE
PUBLISHED
DATE
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Approve6FsTifferIn2i0org2F816,2-12r708121864A000300050006-7
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORT NO.
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD NO.
INDICATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL VULNERABILITIES
1/ THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE
OF THE UNITED STATES, WI.THINTHEMEANINA'OF TITLE IS. SECTIONS 74i
AND 794. or THE U.S. COOE. Ai AMOROSO. 040 7AANSMISO4074 OR RCM.
LATION OF ITS CONTENTS To OR RECEIPT AY AN.VNAUTHORIZED rpm* ro
PROitSITED EY LAW. THE REPRODUCTION OF THIS FORM IS PROMIBITED,
SPURGE Monitored Broadcasts
STATI NTL
DATE OF 1 - 15 Feb. 1953
INFORMATION
DATE DIST. I ttiTit .1-953
, NO. OF PAGES 3
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
NIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
CPW Report No. 72 -- USSR
(1 - 15 February 1933)
STATE I l_NAVY ARMY IX AIR
.CONTENTS
Corruption in Economy 2
Agriculture 4
Livestock Industry 5
Technical Shortcomings 6
Charter Violations 6
Income Distribution 7
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CORRUPTION IN ECONOMY
During the period under review there are several radio and press attacks against
corruption in industry and agriculture. Although theft of Public property is
frequently discussed in the context of counter-revolutionary activities and linked
with political vigilance, it appears that the majority of the crimes are not of a
political nature. Oblique references to the malefactors appearing in feuilletons
, and other press items (not broadcast) mention that the motivation is to amass
private fortunes and live better. All official strictures against the illegal
acquisition of socialist property are directed not so mnch against perpetration or
perpetrators of the crime as againbt the appropssiate Party and Soviet officials
for their failure to forestall such criminal activities.
A broadcast from Proskurov (3 February) quotes a RADYANSKE PODYLIA article by the ?blast
chief of the justice Administration which appeals to the courts and prosecution organs
to intensify their activities against squanderers of socialist property. The
average, citizen, it is claimed, still fails to realize that socialist property
is "sacred and inviolable" and must therefore be safeguarded "like the pupil of one's
eye" (yak zinytsyu oka), but local officials have not done much to make such a
realization possible. There is too much "carelessness, lightheadedness, dawdling,
nepotism and suppression of criticisms among those who should be fighting against
such manifestations. The courts are therefore urged to mete out "severest
punishment" for the slightest infringement of the rules for safeguarding socialist
property. another suggested method of dealing with the theft of public property
is "to create impossible conditions" for such criminal activities, but that point
is not elaborated. LITERARY GAZETTE (7 February) reveals that a complaint made by
one of its readers in Ashkhabad about wholesale squandering at the Republican
Administration of Auxiliary Raw Materials (Glavvtorsyrya) has stirred the Turkmenian
Council of Ministers into action. An investigation established that raw materials
and State funds had beenrdisappearang as fast as they could be obtained. Some of
the Administration's high officials have already been removed from their posts and
others are still under investigation.
Corruption, in Turkmenistan on a larger scale is discussed in PRAVDA (13 February)
by Central Committee Secretary Babayeva Thievery and all sorts.. of abuses, he says,
will continue as long as "unchecked" (neproverennie) people are admitted to the ranks
of the Communist Party. People of dubious politinal and executive qualifications, he
intimated, cannot be expected to "select honest and trusted people" for important
jobs. The Ashkhabad agricultural rayon is a case Imapoint, butmlot an "isolated"
case:
Russian text:
With the knowledgea;,and sometimes on the direct
recommendation of the rayon Party Committee,.
dishonest people and squanderers of public
property are frequently appointed chairmen. of.
collective farms.7s
,s
,
3 vedoma, a inogdd. po pryamoy rekomendatsii raykoma,
presedatelyami koikhozov v ryade sluchayev vydviga-
yutsya nedobrosovestnie lyudi, raskhititeli obschest-
vennom sobstvennosti.
CPYRGHT
The management of the Karabogazsulfat (gas and sulphate combine) had been covering
the huge losses it sustained with funds belonging to the State, and to cover that
illegal practice it resorted to the inclusion of "non-existent production"
(nesushchestvnyushchuyu produktsiu) in its reports. aA sort of mutual amnesty"
(svoego roda vzaimnaya amnistia) is said to exist among the officials of the
Ashkhabad railroad: they tend to overlook each other's mistakes and criticism
is practically unknown among them.
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Thus it was known that the former chief of the freight service, Urkhanyan, had been
engaging in illegal activities and tampering with State funds, but far from calling
him to account, his colleagues "encouraged his anti-State activities" (pooshchryali
ego antigosudarstvennie deistvia).
Political nearsightedness (politicheskaya blizorukost) is, according to IZVESTIA
(11 February), a godsend to all parasites and thieves who would despoil the State
at the first opportunity. Just what such "criminal negligence" in the employment
of executives may lead to is cited in the case of the Central Machine-Building
Administration of the USSR Railroad Ministry. A certain comrade Rosen, a man
without definite qualifications and a "former wrecker" (byvshiy vreditel), had no
difficulty in obtaining an executive post in the mentioned organization as an
"exper enting engineer-mechanic." His experiments, however, turned out to be of a
different kind: he organized a "gang of criminals" (shaika prestupnikov) and with
their complicity managed to rob the Administration of over a million rubles,
Another phony engineer and "former criminal" wh6 wormed his way into the
Turkmenian Food Ministry made off with 243,000 rubles, worth of products after a
short term of "service." P
STALINGRADSUYA PRAVDA (11 February) regretfully admits that "there are still people
in aur sOciety ....whose attitude, does not reflect a concern for safeguarding
public preperty." The paper goes on to say that instances of tteft have been disclosed
in induntrial enterprises, collective farms and particularly in the oblastfs retail
trade network where"turn-over plans are tampered with and law-breakers are shielded."
An anspeaified amount of communal property is reported to have been misappropriated
at tte Stalingrad city retail stores, and cattle losses, presumably through
squandertng, have been sustained by a number of surrounding Collective farms.
The "Krasny Cktyabr" plant alone is said to have lost "million of rubles" in, one
year as a result of waste and "mismanagement."
The exposure of a gang of swindlers and embezzlers does not mean the end of
corrUption? says RADYANSKA URRAINA editorially ?on 13 February: we must fight against
the indolence (rotoziystvo) of our officials which is primarily responsible for
facilitating their criminal activities. The paper reminds its readers of the
warning published in its 6 February issue against the criminals who "built their
nests" at the Kirovograd and gaporozhye oblast grain-procurement organizations.CPYRGHT
oltianY of them are Said to have been dismissed and punished but ethers evidently
-r are still there since socialist property continues to disappear:
Suffice 1-osay that half of the 12 heads of the. Kirovograd
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Oblast granaries were at one time or other brought to criminal
responsibility for crimes against the State.
PYRGHT
Ukrainian version:
Dosyt skazaty, shchottt sered 12. zaviduyushchikh komorami
polOvyna v rizn4chas prytyagalasya do kryminalnoy vidpo-.
vidainosti za zlochyny pered derzhavoy.
A transmission from Chkalov (13 February) quotes CHKALOVSKAYA PRAVDA as saying
that "the spirit of indolence and wool gathering" has not been banished from many
of the oblast organizations, Asserting that intensified political vigilance is an
indispensable method of coping with the incidence of embezzlement and plundering
of public property, the paper implicitly admits that a large number of the crimes
are perpetrated by people who have not been freed from "private property tendencies"
(chastno-sobstvennicheskia tendentsii), A recent decree issued by the Belorussian
Finance Ministry requiring allenterprises and organizations to submit to local
finance organs within a specified time, the necessary information about their
personnel, production norms, wages and administrative expenses,.
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The object of this detailed registration is not stated but its importance is
emphasized Wthe anneuncementethat "administrative proceeding" (adMinistrativn e e
mery). will be started4gAinet any organization which fails to comply with the
mentione&ordere.
A MAZDA editorial broadcest.from Minsk on 14 February says that some Party
erganiiatione--Molodechno Oblast, for example--'could not tare lest" about 'the
iMPlementation Of directiees. from above or? for that matter, about the.
implamentationeoftlheir own decisions. Indeed some rayOn committeee are'lai.own
to have adopted certainerellemeaning decisions at special meetings?-but'"failed
to inform" the.rank-endefile members about them, The paper refers to these
incidents tasupport.the'eontention that many Party pfficialse'admietedly
incompetent in intra-arty affairs, cannot'beenteustedeeiththe'suPerVisioneof
econa ic ee ,
. .
We Still have numerous business executives WhO't,440i,
thelethe enterprises in their caeedenotebelongete e
the State but are their private property. .'eSeeh eates
Occurred in several localities of Vitebsk Oblast.
CPYRGHT
A report from Kiev (15 February) tells of a recent plenary session held by the ?
?blast Patty Committee to look into the matter of "safeguarding Socialist'
property ft but does not offer anyfurther details. It is merely pointed out that
the head of ;heObiaSt Industrial Board (0b-prom-rada) insisted on the
intensification of eSetial control"- over the work of trade and communal
feeding 'organizations and on "the struggle against spoilage and embeielementeu
,
AGRICULTM.
Proper-eine livestock and mechanization are the two major topics and, implicitly,
the main chronic illnesses of agriculture. The two reasons usually cited for the
almost uniform slow progress ofthe stockebreeding.industry are inadequate and
Insufficient Winter quartereend lack of 'faddero' The latter shortages incidentally;
is attributed lergely to faulty .distribution rather than to inadequate supplies.
Reviewing the-iiveptock?situation In the country as aelhole? PRAVDA (3 Fe?ruacyr),YRGHT
does net See anyThause for optiMiSm, particularly at this time Ofethe.yearr
. 4
Russian te?te
Little fodder inbeing prepared; cattle -sheds have not
been repaired; the tending and feeding of cattle have
been functioning badly. Such a situation has arisen
in several ()blasts of Kazakh psFt in a number of rayon's
of -Siberia, Smolensk,. Vladimir,: Tambov oblasts and in
Buryat4longolianAS8Re
Melo zagotovleno kormov? ne otremontirovany zhivotno-.
vodcheskie pomeshchenia, plokho nalazheny ukhod za
skotom i ego kormlenie. Podobnoye polozhenie sozdalos v
nekotorykh oblastyakh Kazakhskoy SSR, v ryade rayonov
Sibiri, Smolenskoyvyladimirskoy Tambovskoy oblastey,
Bbryat-Mongolskoy AZSR.
Hinting that 'reasons ether than inedipetence may aceount for the sorry state Of
affairs in the cattle industry, the paper stresses the necessity of assigning
"honest" farmers to work on the stock farms: Another helpful suggestion offered
Is to nake'greatereese of agricultural-specialists and veterinariiies by placing -
theein charge of stockfaris and heeding their advice.
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KRASNY KURCAN speaks editorially on 3 February of the "alarming altuation"
(treiothnwe sottoyamie) revealed in the oblast cattle indtiatry, particularly in
MIshkinsky Rayon where the "elementary rules for the care ofslivestock are being
ignored." It woUld not be too much to say, the paper adds, that a large number
of other rayons are not much more advanced than the above-named one. Wintering
conditions are said to be especially bad in 4atayevskiy, Dalmatovskiy,
Schuschunskiurgamyshskiy, Sverinogolovskiy and several 'other unnamed 'rayons:
CPYRGHT
Fodder ft being issued only twice withoht being 'steamed,
:Premises f4 livestock are inadequate.' A 'considerable .
number of Cattle is left in the open too'longa:All these
facts lead to losses and A decreasing productivity of .
a a
.qAttle.
Yurievekly and Tomakovskiy rayons are the worst in Dnepropetrovsk Oblast as far
as the care of cattle is concerned, according to a ZARYA editorial-brbadcast on
6 February0 but that does not mean that the situation in the other.rayons is
much better. Winter quarters for the livestock are said to be both inadequate
and inferior, particularly in the backward kolkhozes "of whicn there are many,"
and cattle productivity has been the lowest in years, The annual milk yield per
cow.v-for example, pes dropped to 1,000 liters as compared to the expected high
yield of three to four thousand. Low livestock productivity has also been the
Object of a recent discussion lyithe Tadjik Central Party Committee -at its
recent session, according to a home service report from Moscow on February.
The Republic's Aeademy of Sciences and Agricultural Institute were sharply ,
criticized for their failure to eliminate the shortcomings in the liVestock-.
breeding industry and to create an adequate fodder base in the Republic as a whole.
No further details are offered, however.
Discussing the grave shortcomings in the livestock-wintering campaign,.
CHKALOVSKAYA KCIMMONA (8 February) suggests that the human element may have
aomething to do with the.. There has been a great deal of just criticism of The
"sqUandering and pilfering of fodder" (rambazariTanie I raskhisehenie iformov),and
the "anti-mechanization mood (antimekhanizatorskie nastroyenia) of the stock -
farmers, the paper points out, but very little attention haa been paid to the
Weifare of the people who, in the final analysis, determine the success or'
failure of stockbreedinga
Unfortanately? there are many cases Of:underestimation
and sometimes even neglectful attitude toward livestock-
breeding cadres. At some agricultural artels the
necessary cultural and living honditions have not been
created for kolkhoznik's working at remote farms.
CPYRGHT
In many rayons of Kaluga Oblast the wintering of cattle "has not been organized
at all," according to ZNAMYA (10 February). Nor is the fodder preparation such
as to irspirc aptimism since little has been done to mechanize the work. The
paper names three rayons-eRokotinskty,, Dobryninskiy and Kuybyshev--where
"immediate Party attention" is required to straighten matters out, but admits
that there are "many others"'which are Also lagging behind. Average oblast
figures "cannot satisfy anyone" (niktogo ne mogut udovletvorit), and that is
precisely the case with the Stalino 'Molest livestock industry, says
SCTSIALISTICBESKIY DONBAS on 11 February, The oblast as a whole may have fulfilled
its stock-breeding pAans but "the undeniable successes should not blind us to the
serious shortcomings" still noted in a number of rayons. Thus in Alexandrovskiy2
Primorskiya Rrasnolimansky and Voloderskia rayons the plan was fulfilled for every
type of animal except cows,. while in Andreyevskiy, Slavyansk and Krasnoarmeiskiy
rayons the sheep-breeding tart of the plans remains unfulfilled.
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As, for the. milk yield,? the failure is still more pronounced: the oAtPut 4n 1952 was
lemtr than in 1951, and there is no visible improvement this yearNot a
More But Better Tractors Needed: Extremely unsatisfactory is STALINSKy ygris
editorial version 3 February of the tractor-repair situation ,in Kustanai_pbAast.
Most of the oblast machine-tractor stations are said to be nnable.to cope with
their and at least eight of them are so slow that they are antaa.14
"diSrupting the plena." All four machine livestock-breeding stations "are lagging
behind inadmissibly" There is no shortage of tractors or any other nquipment,
the paper says, but since a large part of the maOhinery is always under repair
there is a shortage of serviceable tractors, combines and other machines,
STAVROPOLSKAYA PRAM (4 February) speaks of numerous MTS which "unduly delay"
the signing of contracts with kolkhozes, signing them "in an off-hand manner" and
leave out certain stipulations that should be included. A similar complaint is
voiced by OMURA (3 February) which says that many NTS officials still. do not
realize that "contracts between machine-tractor stations and collective farms are
inviolable 15W " In at least four rayons such contracts, were ConeXa4ed, "on
ly
after great delay," and after they were concluded "a formal attitudeLlats taken
toward their fulfillment,"
RADYANSKA UKRAINIA ( February) is critical of the technical aapect of
agriculture by declaring that "in the Raa,aalqc as a whole the repair bt tractors and
trailing equipaent is lagging behind" (v tsilomu po respublitsi remont traktoriv
i priahypnogo remunentu vidstaye). One third of the Republicfs tractorao moatly of
the Diesel type, have not been made ready for field work, and the same applies to
the other "inventory" (remanent) and transportation faallities, Eighteen NTS
are far behind the repair plans in Izmail Oblast alone. The shortage of serviceable
tractors is responsible also for the failure of the autumn plowing'plan in Odessa,
Poltava, Nikolayev, Sumy and Lirov ?blasts. And this whole business is further
aggravated by the fact that even the overhauled machines do not coma up to
expectations: "The quality of the repair work is low; Certain machines have to be
overhauled again,t (Yakist refinentu traktoriv nyzka; deyaki maallYnY trehe stavyty
na povtoruiy remont). What RADYANSKA UKRAINA had to say about the 4tat R of, CPYRGHT
agricultural equipment in the Ukraine is repeated almost verbatim,a week 4nter
(13 February) by ZVYAZDA in a review of Belorussian agriculture:
.a.Zhe'lATSof-the Republic as a whole did' not cope with
the tasks assigned them. The productivity of available
tractors is as a rule low. Numerous NTS did not fulfill
their contracts with collective farms The standard of
machine repairs in many stations Is low, which leads in turn
to numerous breakdoWns,'
AgElonitural Charter Violations, such as illegal acquisition of land and other farm
propertYN tampering with the indivisible funds, payroll abuses etca are still
frequently referred to in the press butonly two sources discuss them on the radio.
A broadcast from Kishinev (5 February) quotes from a speech of Chairman Of
Moldevials Ocunoll'of Ministers Rud in which he stated that the main reason
behirid the poor performance of the Republic's machine-tractor stations is the
"violation gf, the collective farm sfitute" (narushenie selkhozustava), He did
ndt elaborate on the point. A MOL at editorial broadcast from Rostov on 15 February
says that the enemies of the collectiVe farm system, the usual reference to statute
violators, are still active in the dblatt? In several unnamed rayons "fortunes"
(bogatstvo) are still being made from communal funds, mismanagement of labor day
payments and other violations of the agricultural code. It is revealed that a number
of officials have already been apprehended and "severely Puniahed" (strogo,
nakazany) but the crime Ilas not yet been eliminated:
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CPYRGHT
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Severe violations of the code have recently been
discovered in Alexandrovskiy Rayon Code .
violations are occurring alsoin a number of other'
rayons:,
,
The following extracts from broadcasts are typical of all the regichali.
complaints about the technical progress of agriculture during. the period Under"
review.
7 FebraarY,--A large number of machine-tractor stations have not yet
repaired even ,one half, of their machines .,. It is necessary to trait 750 tractor
driverS; however., Only 319 are preparing for this work (KALININGRADSKAYA PRAVLIk)";
,
,-FebrUlf47--In many machine-tractor stations tractor-repair. work and repair of
OtherMOChinery and equipment is extremely unsatisfactory Out of 60 people who
'should have been detailed for technical studies by kolkhoz leaders, only Eitook
part in he course (AOLOT editorial);
112,February?It is important to make sure now that tractors are not allowed to
.stand1040'dUring field work because of poor repairs as they were in former
years (ZARYk VOSTOKA editorial);
12 February-There are many MTS in the oblast? however, which use tractors, , 40:dues
and Other agricultural machinery unaatiafactorily,f. allowing delays and aljow:
quality of work., This has led to a'leg at a. number of kolkhozas (Report from Sumy);
,
1.3 February--Ten machine-tractor stations have et far .repaired tot.mere,thav-one-half
of the tractors. the training of tractbr-drivers has not yet begun (broadcast
from Tambov).
The.?22:21L.Ipcome Distribution. among :collective farmers is discussed
in a long PRAVDA article by V. Chuvikov on 10 February (not broadcast), For the
benefit of those who might have misunderstood the part of Malenkovis Congress speech
dealing with agricultural production, the author reiterates that the distribution of
income in kind among individual collective farmers, while an important matter, in
itself, is not to be rated an a par with the farmers 1 obligations to the State. In
other words, the debts to the State must be paid and various icommunal funds?
augmented or created before any of the produce is distributed among the farmers. At
the end of 1952, it is recalled many collective farmaivere found to have insufficient
funds?indivisible, seed and fodder funds etc.--and remained indebted to the State
in respect to deliveries in kind because of the incorrect practice (nepravilnaya
praktiak) of distributing the surplus products among their members too soon.
This Ott Of thing is not to be repeated in 1953 since under the "progressive system
0(incpme distribution" (progressivnaya sistema raspredelenia dokhodov) priority is
givenI,O the requirements of the State and the community (that is, the collective farm)
wh4ch are to be taken care of before the remuneration of individual farm workers can be
Conaidered. Thus the first on the priority list are the prescribed deliveries to the
State; this is followed by the specified deductions for the indivisible and other
co unal funds (obshchestvennie fondy) and payments on loans acquired from the State.
The remaining financial and material, funds are then distributed among the farmers
"strictly according to (v strogom soptvetstvii) the namber of work days put in, by
eaPh individual and the proportionate yields in terms of farm and animal products
that his work has produced,
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s "progressivett method of distribution apparently is designed to mak 4 the
fare of the farmer entirely dependent on the progress of the collective
system and the State as a whole. That much may be inferred from
ikilv's criticism of the previous practice of distributing farm surpluses
digtely after the payment of State debts on the basis of the mUmber of
ya:wbrkedby:each farmer:
This incorrect practice of distributing almost all material
Jand financial income, according to workdays, after'the'
obligations to the State have been met is a hindrance to:
the development of public economy
-Takaya nepravilnaya praktika) kogda posle vypolmenia
gosudarstvennykh obyazatelstv pooh-ti vse naturalnie i
denezhnie dokhody raspredelyeyutsya na trudodni, tormozit
razvitie obshchestvennogo khozaistva
? V'
CPYRGHT
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