HEREWITH OPTION X

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CIA-RDP78B02992A000100070002-9
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RIPPUB
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T
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21
Document Creation Date: 
December 21, 2016
Document Release Date: 
November 7, 2008
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2
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Publication Date: 
December 11, 1975
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MF
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Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78B02992A000100070002-9 11 December 1975 MEMORANDUM F'OR: DDCI Mr. Duckett Mr. Proctor Mr. Nelson Mr. Blake Gen. Wilson Mr. Carver Dr. Chamberlain Mr. Warner Mr. Cary Mr. Brec inridge Mr. .Knoche Herewith Option X as approved by the DCI this afternoon.. He made very minor changes to the lunch- time draft, but wants this included in the Ogilvie paper. i suggested instead that we discuss tactics at to ensure the 9 o'clock tomorrow, and have asked that Ogilvie's paper is held open for this op ion if i me. the DCI so decides at that t RICHARD LEHMAN STAT STAT Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78B02992A000100070002-9 r -a ~F4- M,- Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78B02992A000100070002-9 Rationale Option X--.CIA Emphasis This Option starts from the premise that CIA is a vital national asset that must be preserved and, if possible, strengthened. It recognizes that the DCI's power rests primarily on CIA, and that his authority over the Community, except for CIA, is limited. It assumes it will remain so. Under these circumstances his efforts to provide vigorous Community leadership conflict with his interests as Director of CIA. This option seeks to.amelioraate this conflict by making a clear distinction between these two roles, and by providing a spokesman for CIA interests. At the same time it recognizes that effec- tive Community management can only be achieved by a collec- tive effort of the agencies involved, and presents a new concept of how this.might be done. Description. The DCI would remain Director of CIA, but would be provided with an additional Deputy, appointed by the President and confirmed by Congress. The present Deputy would be a civilian specifically responsible for manag- ? ing the Agency under the DCI; the other Deputy would be Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78B02992A000100070002-9 Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78BO2992A000100070002-9 41 responsible under the DCI for coordination of the Community. The DCI would have an Agency office at Langley and a Community office downtown, where his Community Deputy would be located. The DCI would be the President's chief intelligence advisor, and would be a member of the NSC. The DCI would chair an NSC Executive Committee for Intelligence, with Deputy Secretaries of State and-Defense as members. The Committee would have under control of its members all important' intelligence assets, and could act as a board of directors for national-intelligence. It would not be advisory to the DCI but would work by consen- sus, with right of appeal to the President. EXCOM(I) would absorb the functions of NSCIC, EXCOM (NRO plus equivalent responsibilities for NSA), IRAC, and USIS (except national intelligence production*). It would in addition coordinate policy matters affecting State and the Community. The DCI's "Community" Deputy would be his alternate in EXCOM(I) but would not serve as Chairman in his absence. The IC Staff would be the secretariat of. EXCOM(I). The DCI would carry out. his existing responsibilities for the NFIP (less its tactical and departmental components) with the assistance of the Committee. EXCOM(I) would * It would be inappropriate for policy officers to parti- cipate in substantive intelligence judgments. -2- Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78BO2992A000100070002-9 Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78BO2992A000100070002-9 have approval authority for the NFIP (CIA, NRO, NSA) and its decisions would be binding. The DCI would have administrative authority only over CIA. Present administrative arrangements for the NRP and NSA would be preserved. USIB would be reconstituted as a National Intelli- gence Board, responsible only for production, and advisory to the DCI. The NIO's would act as the DCI's staff for the NIB. The :Board would be chaired by the DCI, with his "Agency" Deputy as CIA member. The latter would serve as chairman in his absence. Under the policy direction of USNIB, the Deputy would become Executive Agent for produc- tion of the full range of national intelligence, drawing on departmental agencies as required and submitting products for coordination as USNIB directs. (The Board might even be thought of as sort of a Board of National Estimates). The DCI would be a member of the 40 Committee, but not its Chairman, with his Agency Deputy as alternate. Clandestine collection and covert action would remain assigned to CIA, without. change in present arrangements. Without administrative authority over the Community, it would be inappropriate for the DCI to have an IG responsibility except over CIA. This Option assumes an oversight mechanism at the NSC or White House level. The DCI would continue to be the Conununity spokesman to Congress. -3- Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78BO2992A000100070002-9 Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78B02992A000100070002-9 EXCOM(I) would handle matters relating to the relationship between tactical and national intelligence. The DCI would have no responsibility-for the tactical intelligence budgets of the military services, or for the service cryptologic agencies. Other Considerations By stipulating that the DCI will coordinate policy and manage production, this option recognizes reality and at the same time strengthen's the DCI in his strong suit. Management issues usually involve _the alloca- tion of resources. It is here that the interests and weight of Defense are most important. Also these issues require decisions; once the money is spent the existence of a dissent carries no weight. Thus it is. here that the DCI must be most ecumenical if he is to avoid charges of "partiality" to CIA. Production issues are quite different. Here the DCI is supposed to be objective and free of departmental bias, and CIA's production elements are precisely the in- struments whereby he is supposed to achieve this objec tivity. Moreover, they are fully capable of holding their own against Defense. If the DCI is to be objective, Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78B02992A000100070002-9 Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78BO2992A000100070002-9 he must rely on and be "partial" to CIA. Here too, more- over, the right of dissent is effective; the DCI's judg- ment is. permanently accompanied by any alternate views. The DCI is therefore able to take a much stronger position. Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78BO2992A000100070002-9 Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78BO2992A000100070002-9 Next 82 Page(s) In Document Denied Iq STAT Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78BO2992A000100070002-9 Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78B02992A000100070002-9 THE ROLE OF THE DCI 0 8 D7 C t75 (Talking paper for use in closed session with the Senate Select Committee on Thursday, 11 December 1975..) INTRODUCTION 1. Role of the DCI is difficult to describe in the abstract since it depends on a variety of factors, of which the authority actually assigned him by law or directives is only one. Other important factors include: a. The world situation, and the type of problems which are most critical to the United States. b. The expectations of the President, and how'the President approaches his decision making. c. The personality and character of the DCI himself. 3. A brief look at the primary focus of individual DCI's suggests what each of them considered most important--and indicates a wide diversity in their approaches to the job: a. The first DCIs, through the period of General Smith, focused almost entirely on organizational matters, establishing the CIA and defining its role. b. Allan Dulles devoted most of his attention to covert action, and in his period this loomed large in CIA resource use. C. Mr. McCone was primarily interested in improving the quality of estimates, and in initiating several of the major technical collection systems on which the Community now puts so much dependence. d. Admiral Raborn was in the job hardly long enough to become a major influence in any particular area. e. Mr. Helms divided his attention primarily between service to the President and supervision of overseas operations of the Agency. SEC1L:,~I Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78 Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78B02992A000100070002-9 f. Dr. Schlesinger was DCI for only a very brief period, and he put his major attention during those months to matters of restructuring and reorienting CIA. g. My tour has been devoted largely to serving as spokesman for the Intelligence Community and strengthening Community aspects of the U.S. intelligence effort. I have paid less attention to details of Agency operation than most of my predecessors. 4. It was only shortly before Dr:- Schlesinger and I came into the office that the President issued his landmark directive of 5 November 1971. on "Organization and Management of the U.S. Foreign Intelligence Community." a. I should stress that this document, and NSCID No.. 1 which put the President's Memorandum in directive form, added to the responsibilities of the DCI, but did nothing to increase his authority. That authority, then and today, extends only to the CIA. b. It was this directive which, for the first time, charged the DCI to prepare for the President an annual. budget recommendation for the entire Intelligence Community, including tactical intelligence. c. The directive also charged the DCI to: (1) Plan and review all intelligence activities and the allocation of all intelligence resources. (2) Produce the national intelligence required by the President and other national consumers. (3) Chair and staff all Intelligence Community advisory boards or committees. (4) Reconcile intelligence requirements and priorities within budgetary constraints. d. The President put special emphasis on. the need for: (1.) Assuring authoritative and responsible leadership for the Community as a whole. (2) Continuing review of the U.S. intelligence effort with respect to national requirements. (3) More efficient use of resources by the Community in the,collection of intelligence information. OL Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78B02992A000100070002-9 Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78B02992A000100070002-9 (4) Review and revision of the assignment of intelligence functions within the Community to ? eliminate inefficient, unnecessary or outmoded activities. (5) Improvement in the quality, scope and timeliness of the Community's product. (6) Use of intelligence to enhance the formulation of the foreign, military and economic policies of the U.S. Government, and the planning for and conduct of military operations.by U.S. forces. 5. On the basis of my experience in seeking to execute this directive, I see the DCI role as involving three basic ingredients. 6. First, he must assure that high quality intelligence. is provided to the President and to policy and decision-making levels of the Government. a. This involves a variety of tasks. (1) The DCI must seek to assure that the Intelligence Community has adequate resources to collect, process, and produce the intelligence needed;'' (2) He must assure there are mechanisms for liaison with consumers to determine what is needed, and that sound analysis is applied to the development of estimates. (a) To this end, I have put great reliance on my National Intelligence Officers and the United States Intelligence Board. (b) I also have used my Intelligence Community Staff to review and evaluate the performance of the Community, particularly in crisis situations. (3) The DCI must provide guidance to the Intelli- gence Community',' both as to current needs and as the basis for planning. (a) To accomplish this I have used a number of guidance documents. 1. Key Intelligence Questions are published annually to identify matters of particular importance, and we have developed procedures to evaluate the manner in which the agencies of the Community respond to the KIQs. Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78BO2992A000100070002-9 1~ FrIlt ".1 141--T Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78BO2992A000100070002-9 2. "Substantive objectives" are included in my annual Objectives for the Intelligence Community. 3. Guidance for the coming five years is provided in my annually issued Perspectives for Intelligence. 4. Supplementing the Perspectives we annually prepare a directive (DCID 1/2) which provides specific listing of the priority which applies to each of more-than 100 topics of intelligence interest. This measure of expected importance to U.S. interests is assigned by topic to each country of the world to which some intelli- gence importance attaches. The guidance is applicable for planning purposes over the next five years. (b) My National Intelligence Officers and my Intelligence Community Staff are directly involved in the development of these guidance documents. 7. The second major DCI function is what-is often referred to as "management" of the Intelligence Community, but can'more aptly be called leadership of the Community. a. The leadership role of the DCI depends in large measure on the guidance-which he issues and his use of coordination mechanisms such as the United States Intelligence Board and the Intelligence Resources Advisory Committee. (1) This is because he has no authority actually to manage any elements of the Community except the CIA and the two small offices which directly support him: The National Intelligence. Officers and the Intelligence Community Staff. b. The DCI has two primary vehicles for his involve- ment in Community management decisions. (1) The first of these applies to the Community as a whole. It is his National Foreign Intelligence Program Recommendation which he submits to the President each December through the OMB. (a) In preparation for this document, the DCI's Intelligence Community Staff participates in detailed budget'reviews with the major organizations of the Community. Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78BO2992A000100070002-9 Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78BO2992A000100070002-9 (b) Major issues are raised for discussion before the Intelligence Resources Advisory Committee, which the DCI chairs. (c) By the time the program recommendation is ready to go to the President, the DCI is quite aware of the management issues which are engaging the components of the Intelligence Community. His guidance during reviews, and his recommendations set forth in the program recommendation document are a major element of the DCI's Community management role. (2) The second management vehicle available to the DCI is a specialized one stemming from the fact that he is chairman of the two-man Executive Committee (or EXCOM) for the National Reconnaissance Program. (a) The second member is the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Intelligence. (b) This EXCOM arrangement is based on a ten-year old agreement between the Secretary of Defense and the DCI, and stems from the fact that both the CIA and the Defense Department are deeply involved in the space satellite business. (c) The EXCOM is responsible for decisions on the program-and budget of the National Reconnaissance Program. (d) No comparable EXCOM arrangement exists for the other major collection programs (signals intelligence and human source activities). c. Despite existence of the NRO EXCOM and the National Foreign Intelligence Program Recommendation, I feel it necessary to stress that the DCI is not the manager of the national intelligence effort. d. In an overall sense, he is its leader, its spokesman, its primary coordinator, but not its manager. 8. The third major DCI responsibility stems from his position as'operating head of the Central Intelligence Agency. a. Because of competing demands on my time, particularly Community matters and the requirement that I serve as spokesman for the Community and advisor of the NSC, I have left the detailed management of the Agency largely to my Deputy Directors. Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78BO2992A000100070002-9 Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78BO2992A000100070002-9 b. My role has been primarily one of issuing dir?lctives and utilizing a system of management by objective to measure accomplishments and to assess responsiveness of the Agency to its responsibilities. (1) I have been very fortunate in having top quality deputies in whom I could put great reliance. DESCRIPTION OF OPTIONS 9. Looking to the future, I recognize: that there are a considerable number of options applicable to definition of the role of the senior U.S. foreign intelligence officer--whether or not he is termed the DCI. 10. In my view, determining which option is best requires decisions in three areas. ll.' First, what does the President expect of his senior intelligence officer and how does he intend to use him? .a. Since this is a matter which each President must decide, I will not explore it in any length. b. Suffice it to say the senior intelligence officer' can be: (1) Someone who is a Presidential confidant, or, at the other extreme, might see him very seldom. (2) An operating manager of the entire Community, or a coordinator, or even a first-among-equals. 12. Second, what authority is the senior intelligence officer to have with respect to resource matters? a. Is he to be responsible for actually approving' the budgets cf component organizations of the Intelligence .Community in detail? b. Or is he to be charged only with recommending an overall budget figure without specific approval authority? Or is he to have no Community budgetary role at 13. And, third, is the senior intelligence officer to continue as the operating head of the CIA or be separated from the Agency? S M, 6 Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78BO2992A000100070002-9 _Y? Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78BO2992A000100070002-9 14. Determination as to detail,-; of the role of the senior intelligence officer can be worked out once decisions have been reached as to the second and third of the factors I have mentioned-- budgetary authority and the relation to management of CIA. 15. With these factors in mind, I visualize four major .options for determining the role of the DCI (or whatever title is given to the senior intelligence officer) and for working out the kind of Intelligence Community structure which will enable that role to be fulfilled. 16. I would like to sketch these-four options briefly, and indicate the PROs and CONs that apply to each. THE FIRST OPTION 17. The senior foreign intelligence officer would be a member both of the White House Staff and of the National Security Council. He would have supervisory and direct management authority over the major national intelligence organizations--CIA, NSA and .NRO. The CIA would have a separate director. The NSA and NRO would each become a. statutory executive agency. The senior intelligence officer would have responsibility for production of national estimates. and for the warning function, and would have a staff for these purposes. Departmental and agency intelligence would be a responsibility of the departments and agency (CIA).'.-- Community coordination mechanisms would be as desired by the senior intelligence officer.. a. PROs (1) The President and the Congress would have one man upon whom to charge responsibility for effectiveness of the U.S. national intelligence effort-- and that man would have the tools to carry out the job. (2) The national intelligence effort would be highly centralized through direct management controls from the top, embracing CIA, NSA and NRO. (3) Responsibility for substantive national intelligence of direct interest to the President and the NSC would be located in the White House Staff. (4) The Intelligence Community would have a senior spokesman with greater access to the President than the DCI now has. SECRET Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78BO2992A000100070002-9 ._n V Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78B02992A000100070002-9 (5) Separation of the senior intelligence officer from CIA would eliminate any charge of favoritism from other agencies. (6) Clear delineation of organizational functions and responsibilities would be enhanced. b. CONS (l) Such extreme concentration of intelligence authority in a single person would pose serious problems if that person is politically-motivated and more interested in responding to policymaker desires than in concentrating on unbiased intelligence. (2) The Department of Defense could be expected to object strenuously to separate executive agency status for NSA and NRO, which are now within Defense. (3) Major legislative actions would be required. (4;) The necessary bureaucratic changes would have a major, if only temporary, unsettling impact within the Intelligence Community. (5) Unless adequate coordination machinery is provided, conflict could arise among the departmental secretaries and the senior intelligence officer over estimates prepared in the White House Staff and over what is national and what is departmental intelligence. (6) The senior intelligence officer would require a sizeable separate staff. (7) The national intelligence and warning production staff would be handicapped by lack of direct access to- the analytic base. THE SECOND OPTION 18. The senior intelligence officer would be attached to the Office of the President and serve as advisor to the NSA. The CIA would have a separate director. The senior intelligence officer would have responsibility for production of national estimates and for the warning function. Budgets of the CIA, NSA and NRO would require approval of the senior intelligence officer, but he would have no direct management authority over these organizations. NSA and NRO would remain, as now, within the Department of Defense structure. The senior intelligence officer would serve as Inspector General of the Community for the President. Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78B02992A000100070002-9 ? Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78BO2992AO00100070002-9 . a. PROs (1) Some of the PROs for this option are the same as those for Option One: (a) Increased access to the President by an intelligence spokesman. (b) Separation of .the senior intelligence officer from CIA to reduce any charges of favoritism. (c) Responsibility for production of national estimates would still be in the White House Staff. (2) Other PROs directly applicable to the second option are these: (a) The senior intelligence officer would not be burdened with administrative management chores since he would not have management responsibility for CIA, NSA and NRO, but he still would hold a strong hand through his budget approval authority. (b) Little legislative action would be required. (c) Defense Department objectives might be less strong than in the case of Option One. b. CONs (1) The CONs for this option also include some of those applicable to Option One. (a) Location of the senior intelligence officer within the White House Staff would increase the risk of politicization of the intelligence effort. (b) 'There would be a major, even if only temporary, unsettling effect within the Intelligence Community. (c) The senior intelligence officer's staff for production of substantive intelligence would be handicapped by lack of direct access to the analytic, base. Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78BO2992AO00100070002-9 Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78BO2992A000100070002-9 (d) Unless coordination mechanisms were particularly effective there would be risk of conflicts with departmental secretaries over the content of estimates produced by the senior intelligence officer and over determination as to what are national and what departmental intelli- gence activities. (2) Other CONs directly applicable to Option Two are these: (a) The line of authority of the senior intelligence officer would be limited to budgetary control. (b) Budget controls might not be sufficient to eliminate "end runs" by agency heads. (c) Detailed control by the senior intelli- gence officer of sensitive clandestine (CIA) activities would be weakened by bureaucratic barriers. THE THIRD OPTION 19. The senior foreign intelligence officer would be as now, the operating head of the CIA. The CIA would retain its present function, and existing Community coordination organs would continue. The CIA would chair Executive Committees--or EXCOMs--for the NSA and well as the NRO. These EXCOMs would have approval authority for programs and budgets of NSA and NRO, but the organizations would remain within the Department of Defense. Departmental intelligence activities, including tactical intelli- gence, would be solely departmental responsibilities. The DCI would have two deputies, with appropriate staffs, one for Community management and one for direct management of CIA. (1) The present Community structure would be maintained and somewhat strengthened. (2) The DCI would have more responsibility than now for the three major national programs--CIA, NSA and NRO--encompassing the major collection activities (SIGINT, imagery and human source). (3) The concept. of a national intelligence Community independent of departmental or White House pressures would be continued. Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78BO2992A000100070002-9 Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78B02992A000100070002-9 (4) Conflicts between the DCI and departmental ? heads concerning departmental intelligence activities would be minimized. (5) The DCI would continue to serve as spokesman before Congress for all national intelligence activities. (6) Bureaucratic changes would be few, so turbulence would be minimal. (7) No legislative action would be needed for organizational changes. b. CONS (1) The senior foreign intelligence officer would continue to be separated from the White House and would still be clearly subordinate to the Secretaries of State and Defense in the NSC structure. (2) The DCI would have only partial authority for non-CIA budgets and programs. (3) Problems of DCI and CIA access to sensitive departmental activities and communications would continue. (4) Some ambiguities would continue concerning .differentiation between national and departmental or tactical intelligence activities. (5) Adoption of?this "partial" option would mean missing an opportunity for a major reshuffling within the Intelligence Community which could markedly enhance the authority of the senior foreign intelligence officer and erase the bad image which the CIA has recently acquired. THE FOURTH OPTION 20. The Intelligence Community concept would be abandoned. The DCI would have no operating responsibilities other than as head of the CIA. No consolidated Intelligence Community budget recommendations would be prepared. State, Defense and CIA would separately support intelligence needs of policy levels of the Government. Some agency and departmental functions could be redistributed. (An example would be transfer of CIA responsibilities for collection and analysis of technical intelligence to the Defense Department.) SEC'i1L i Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78B02992A000100070002-9 (Nr"r)l"zt--r Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78B02992A000100070002-9 a. PROs (1) Visibility of CIA would be reduced, which could assist continuation of clandestine activities. (2) Renaming of CIA and reduction in the scope of its responsibilities could enhance a "fresh start." (3) The CIA service and support structure could be reduced somewhat. (L) Specialized activities, such as technical intelligence, could be concentrated in a single department. (5;1 Reduction in the analytical role of CIA could facilitate creation of an intelligence analytic staff in the NSC structure to produce national intelligence. b. CONS (1) Resource constraints and increasing dependence on technology in intelligence activities emphasizes the need for greater centralization of intelligence management, not abandonment of a Community concept. (2) The DCI would not be able to provide service to the Congress commensurate with what he now does. (3) Coordination of national intelligence estimates and other national intelligence activities would be much more difficult. (4) Independence of intelligence advice and assessments to the. President and the NSC would be much reduced. Parochial views could well replace a broad interdisciplinary approach. (5) The CIA would lose much of its present flexibility in support to the Government as a whole. (6) Bureaucratic upheaval costs would be high. (7) CIA would experience a major loss of cohesion and lowering of morale. 21. The foregoing discussion of basic options and their pros and cons represents only my personal views. IQ FM? FT Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78B02992A000100070002-9 tiLU: L i Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78B02992A000100070002-9 22. Obviously, there are many variations within each of these options. And others may think of additional pros and cons. 23. The Administration has not yet developed a formal ..position, and I do not wish to express any personal preference -in advance of the Administration decision. 24. I trust, however, that I have provided you with food for thought which will be useful in the'followon discussions which you hold among yourselves. SEC RL F. 13 Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78B02992A000100070002-9 Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78BO2992A000100070002-9 Approved For Release 2008/11/07: CIA-RDP78BO2992A000100070002-9