CABLE TO RUCBCR/CG EIGHTEENTH AIRBORNE FROM NPIC WASH DC
Document Type:
Collection:
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST):
CIA-RDP78B04558A001400020029-4
Release Decision:
RIPPUB
Original Classification:
S
Document Page Count:
7
Document Creation Date:
December 28, 2016
Document Release Date:
February 26, 2008
Sequence Number:
29
Case Number:
Publication Date:
August 28, 1966
Content Type:
CABLE
File:
Attachment | Size |
---|---|
![]() | 499.1 KB |
Body:
Approved For Release 2008/02/26: CIA-RDP78BO4558AO01400020029-4 ' `r
OUT59604
P 2801212 AUG 66
FM NPIC WASHDC
TO RUCBCR/CG EIGHTEENTH AIRBORNE
RUCBCR/CG USA SPWARCEN FT BRAGG NC
RUCBCR/CONTIC, FORT BRAGG, N.C.
RUCIFTA/ACIC ST LOUIS MO
RUCKEHB/2ND MARDIV, CP LEJUNE, NC
R`UCKEK/2ND MAW, CHERRY POINT, NC
RUCKHC/CINCLANT
RUCKHC/CINCLANTFLT
RUCKHC/LANTINTCEN
RUCKHD/CG FMFLANT
RUCKKN/MAG THREE TWO, BEAUFORT, SC
RUCKUA/JARCC KEY WEST
RUCKUD/CMDR KEY WEST FORCES
RUCBHO/USAINTC/USAPIC, FT HOLABIRD, MD
RUCSC/SAC OFFUTT AFB OMAHA NEB
'1966 AUG 28 02 45 Z
1
2 9 AUG iJb
RUCSC/544TH AEROSPACE RTECHWG OFFUTT AFB OMAHA NEB
RUCVAA/4080TH STRAT WG OL 19 BARKSDALE AFB LA
RUEBBEA/CINCSTRIKE MACDILL AFB FLA
RUEDFIF/FTD WPAFB DAYTON OHIO
RUEDNBA/COMDR TAC LAFBVA
RUEDNBA/4444TH RTS LAFBVA
RUEDHQA/HQS USAF WASHDC
RUEKDA/DIA WASHDC/CIIC-3-A-2
RUEKDA/DIA PROD CTR
RUEKDA/NIC WASHDC
RUECD/FSTC WASHDC
RUECEM/CMC (CODE AO-2C)
RUECW/CNO WASHDC
RUECYH/NAVRECONTECHSUPPCEN SUITLAND MD
RUEKC/ANMCC FT RITCHIE MD
RUEKDA/JCS/J-2 WASHDC
RUEKMJ/NEACP ANDREWS AFB MD
RUEPCR/DIRNSA
RUEPDA/ACSI DA WASHDC
RUEPIA/CIA WASHDC
RULNC/NECPA NORFOLK VA
RULGGB/NAS GTMO (FOR A IO )
RULGGCR/COMNAVBASE GTMO
RULGN/COMCARIBSEAFRON
^.dvance cow
'001 ml
RUWONLB/CINCONAD ENT AFB COLO
RUWPSW/CO WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE
RUWTPSA/363RD TAC RECON WG SHAW AFB SC
RUWGGN/MONTGOMERY AIR DEF SECTOR GUNTER AFB ALA
RUWTRJA/4409TH SUPPORT SQD MACDILL AFB FLA
BT
S E C R E T SIK) CITE NPIC 8267.
THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION REPRESENTS A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF
AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY FROM GLASS LAMP MISSION 8816, 26 AUG 66.
1
S/C NOTE (TEST WHICH FOLLOWED WAS IDENTICAL TO ABOVE MSN.)
S E C R E T - -END OF MESSAGE- E:ta~ 9 T~
S/C NOTE: ALSO PASSED bn~ . ~~ a25X1
Approved For Release 2008/02/26: CIA-RDP78BO4558AO01400020029-4
Approved For Release 2008/02/26: CIA-RDP78BO4558AO01400020029-4
THE F-OLL04ING INFORMA1N REPRESENTS A PRELIMINARANALYSIS OF
ALRIAL PHOTOGRAPHY FROM GLASS LAMP MISSION 8816. 26 AUG 66.
THE NUMBER AT THE RIGHT MARGIN OF THE HEADER LINE IS THE
COMDR-TA ET NUMBER.
SYMBOLS USED TO INDICATE CONDITIONS WHICH AFFECT THE
APPEARANCE OF THE TARGET.ON PHOTOGRAPHY ARE ASF-OLLOWS--
C ()CLEARur SC SCATTERED CLOUD COVERtt, HC (HEAVY CLOUD COVERn.
H (1HAZE13r CS tWCLOUD SHADOWu-, SD QSEMIDARKNESSnf----6C
QVROUND COVERur CF 0CAMOUFLAGEur 0 QOBLIQUITYD, AND
Gi f 1GROUNO RESOLUT I ONu._ _._-_-_ -
INTERPRETAPILITY OF THE PHOTOGRAPHY IS CATEGORIZED AS
? G rl_GOODur F f7FAIRu, OR P fnPOORu. THE EXTENT OF
TARGET COVERAGE IS DENOTED BY THE SYMBOLS T 1TOTALu
Oi< PT @PARTIAL". THE MODE OF COVERAGE IS SIGNIFIED
BY ST QSTEREOU, NS PNONSTEREON, OR PS CPARTIAL STEREOA.
AAA DEFENSFS ARE DIVIDED INTO THREE BASIC-CATEGORIE-S --
0
LIGHT WZPU-2, ZPU-4. AND 37MMu- MEDIUM 957MM AND 85MMu. AND HEAVY
@100MM AND LARGER=. WHERE SUCH A CATEGORY CANNOT BE DETERMINED'
THE SITE WILL RE LISTED AS AN AAA SITE AND THE NUMBER OF GUNS
INDICATED PEXAMPLE 6-GUN AAA SITE, OCCUPIED/UNOCCUPIEDu,
ITEMS OF SPECIAL INTEREST
Ai EW/GCI RADAR SITE. HAS BEEN IDENTIFIED 2.5NM -WNW-OF
BAHIA HONDA AND HAS BEEN DESIGNATED BAHIA HONDA Ew/GCI
RADAR SITE 2.
AN EW/GCI RADAR SITE HAS BEEN IDENTIFIED 5.3 NM NW OF
SANTIAGO DE CUBA AND HAS BEEN DESIGNATED SANTIAGO DE
CUBA EW/GCI RADAR SITE 2.
MISSILES
HOLGUIN SAM SITE B27-2 CU 2052N 07627W
Ob 3 EMPLACED LAUNCHERS AND 6 MISSILE TRANSPORTERS
OBSERVED IN CLOUD-FREE AREAS.
0 APPARENT CHANGE. IN LAUNCH AND SUPPORT FACILITIES.
LOS ANGELES SAM SITE A06-2 CU 2100N 07541W
Ob -- 3 EMPLACED LAUNCHERS, 3 MISSILE TRANSPORTERS, 3
PROBABLE MISSILE TRANSPORTERS, AND A GUIDANCE AREA WITH
0
0
0
0
0
6 ASSOCIATED VAN TRAILERS OBSERVED IN CLOUD-FREE AREAS.
NO APPARENT CHANrF TN I AIINCH FACT( ITIES.
MAJANA SAM SITE A27-2 CU 2241N 08249W
SITE APPEARS TO BE VACATED.
MAJANA SAM SITE 2 A27-2 CU 2241N 08249W
SITE APPEARS TO RE OCCUPIED. OBLIQUITY LIMITS
INTERPRETATION.
MALUVNAUQ SAM S 11E A CU 2012N 07528W
Ob -- 6 EMPLACED LAUNCHERS @3 WITH MISSILESur 1
ADDITIONAL LAUNCHER, B..MISSILE TRANSPORTERS 91 WITH
EXPOSED MISSILEt, A PROBABLE FAN SONG RADAR WITH b
ASSOCIATED VAN TRAILERS. 16 TRACKED PRIME MOVERS. 1
TRUCK-MOUNTED CRANE' 3 ADDITIONAL VAN TRAILERS' AND .3
PROBABLE FLATBED TRAILERS.
NO APPARENT CHANGE IN LAUNCH AND SUPPORT FACILITIES.
SANTIAGO DE CUBA SAM SITE A23-2 CU 1959N 0755OW
Ob -- 6 EMPLACED LAUNCHERS 25 WITH MISSILESu, 9 MISSILE
TRANSPORTERS id2 WITH EXPOSED MISSILES. AND .1 ADJACENT _TO
LAUNCHERu, A GUIDANCE RADAR WITH SHED-COVERED
EuUIPMENT, 3 PROBABLE TRACKED PRIME MOVERS, AND 2 OTHER
VEHICLES-
NO APPARENT CH AND SUPPORT FACILITIES.
T (, n Approved For Release 2008/02/26: CIA-RDP78BO4558AO01400020029-4 ---
Ob .-- l1 MTeZII r7 TL AMICDADTL'DC. nIIMiF[x(~Ilc 11ATCCTI C
CANISTERS, Approved For Release 2008/02/26: CIA-RDP78BO4558AO01400020029-4
t + L :.. I? P\ 4 f \ - r l I1 a.. ?.. \ V \.. 1\ J? f 1) V V C)
'SANTIAGO AM TRAINING PRFA CU 1958N 07551W
Oks, -- _fo __P 155I$1E...FA PIECES. 35 CARGO. .-TRUGKSR .11 .
PROBABLE VAN TRUCKS' AND 5 OTHER VEHICLES.
9 NO APPAR NL._CHANGE IN FACILITIES.
SANTA ISABEL DE LAS LAJAS SAM SITE *35-2 CU 2228N_ 08018W
CONSTRUCTION CONTINUES ON PERMANENT SITE.
Ob -- PERMANENT_.Si1E.._-- AT LEAST 6 PROBABLE--MISSILE
TRANSPORTERS AND AT LEAST 6 OTHER VEHICLES. ADJACENT
TEMPORARY SITE -- 6-EMPLACED LAUNCHERS @1 WITH MISSILEz
AND A GUIDANCE AREA WITH RADAR AND 6 ASSOCIATED VAN
TRAILERS.
ACTIVITY -- 1 OCCUPIED 6-GUN AAA SITE.
NO APPARENT AUNCH AND_.SUPPORT FACILITIES.?-
? PALMA SORIANO SAM SITE A02-2 CU 2015N 07559W
0
Ob -- 6 EMPLACED LAUNCHERS 03 WITH MISSILESU, 9 MISSILE
TRANSPORTERS, A PROBABLE FAN SONG RADAR WITH 6
ASSOCIATED VAN TRAILERS, 4 CARGO TRUCKS. 2 OTHER VAN
TRAILERS, AND 1 UN.LDENTLFIED PIECE OF EQUIPMEuT_.._--
NO APPARENT CHANGE IN LAUNCH AND SUPPORT FACILITIES.
UNSTANNCIA SAy1 SITE A10-2 CU 2214N 08030w
CONSTRUCTION APPEARS TO RE COMPLETE ON PERMANENTSI-TF.
TEMPORARY SITE IS NOW VACATED.
O6 -- PERMANENT SITE -- 6 EMPLACED LAUNCHERS, 13-
MISSILE TRANSPORTERS i4 WITH EXPOSED MISSILEStt' A FAN
SONG RADAR WITH 6 ASSOCIATED VAN TRAILERS, 6 CARGO
TRUCKS, ANn 4 OTHER VEHICLES.
ACTIVITY -- 1 OCCUPIED 6-GUN AND 1 OCCUPIED 3-GUN AAA
0 SITE.
0
0
0
LA VEGUITA SAM ASSEMBLY AREA CU 2049N 07615W
O6 -- 7 MISSILE TRANSPORTERS, NUMEROUS MISSILE
NO APPARFNT CHANGF TN FA(TI TTTFc.
CANISTERS, 6 FLATBED TRAILERS' AND 15 OTHER VEHICLES.
SAN PEDRO DE CACOCU( SAM SITE 1 CU 2047N 07615W
OU -- 6 EMPLACED LAUNCHERS @3 WITH MISSILESU, 8 MISSILE
TRANSPORTERS 67 WITH EXPOSED MISSILESu' A FAN SONG
RADAR WITH 6 ASSOCIATED VAN TRAILERS, AND AT LEAST 6
OTHER VEHICLES/PIECES OF EQUIPMENT.
NO APPARENT CHANGE IN LAUNCH AND SUPPORT FACILITIES.
. ec1-,_,q SAN PEDRO E CACOCUM" SAM SITE 2 CU 2845 07615W
0P,- -NO APPARENT CHANGE SINCE
LA MATA SAM SITE CU
NO APPARENT CHANGE SINCE
SIGUANEA CRUISE-MISSILE SITE CU 2137N 08258W
OD -- 2 EMPLACED MISSILES, 4 PROBABLE CRUISE-MISSILE
TRANSPORTERS AND AN OCCUPIED GUIDANCE AREA OBSERVED.
HAZE LIMITS INTERPRETATION-
N0- APPARFNT CHANr'F TN I AtINCH AND SUPPORT FACILITIES.
AIR FACILITIES
?4' CAMAGUEY INTTKNATIONAL AIRFIELD CU 2125N 07750W
Ob -- 1 C-47* r
HOLGUIN AIRFIELD CU 7947N 07618W ?
_ _QII ~- .~.AT _L Approved For Release 2008/02/26: CIA-RDP78BO4558AO01400020029-4
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25x1 _...~
25X1
0
0
Approved For Release 2008/02/26: CIA-RDP78BO4558AO01400020029-4
Off, -- NONE OBSERVED.
LOS 'CANOS AIRFIELD c
Ob -- NONE OBSERVED.
'2005N 07509W
I6U-AJ A,_A RF-IEk -- CU- 2138N 082&7W
-
ANTONIO O AIRFIELD CU 1958P4$7550W
- 08 1 CRATE. 3--C,-47, I MORAVA L- 00, 1 LIAISON. ANO 3
CU 2209N 08024W
08 NONE OBS RV _p..-.
0
0
CAIBARIEN AIRFIELD CU 2230N 07928iw
Ob -- NONE OBSERVED.
BAYAMO AIRFIELD CU 2023-N 07637W
Ob -- NONE OBSERVED.
NAVAL ACTIVITY/PORTS
CABANAS NAVAL BASE - CU 2258N 08258W-
OB -- 10 KOMAR-CLASS PTG.
ODLIQUITY LIMITS INTERPRETATION.
25X1
0
I UANE NAVAL BASE
CU 2136N 08258W
CIENFUEGOS NAVAL BASE CU 2208N 08027W
OL3 -- 2 KRONSHTADT-CLASS PC, 9 P-6-CLASS PT 92 ON
MARINE RAILWAYn, AND 4 YP.
OTHER VESSELS -- 1 LARGE FREIGHTER.
0
0
0
9
0
SANTIAGO DE CUBA NAVAL BASE AND PORT CU 2001N 07550W
08 -- NONE OBSERVED.
OTHER VESSELS -- 2 LARGE FREIGHTERS, 1 COASTAL
MANZANILLO PORT CU 2021N 07707W
V - D.
UE I A PORT CU 2132N 07715W
VESSELS -- 2 LARGE FREIGHTERS, 1 COASTAL FREIGHTER, AND
1 LARGE TANKER.
VESSELS -- NONE OBSERVED. V _ ..
I_rJ A BA I N PORT CU 2231N 07928W
40
CASILDA PORT CU 2145N 07959W
VESSELS -- NONE OBSERVED.
~)UK(7iUtKO UL rdAIAHANO PORT CU 22'41N 08217W
VESSELS -- NONE ORSFRVFD.
BAHIA HONDA PORT CU 2255N 0831OW
VF-,CF,! C - m it nnccavcn
Approved For Release 2008/02/26: CIA-RDP78BO4558AO01400020029-4
F'I FrTRnNTf S/ro'.1RMIINTCATTONS
PUNTA MATS Approved For Release 2008/02/26: CIA-RDP78BO4558AO01400020029-4
Ob -- 1 LOW! SIEVE RAflAP.
? BAHIA HONDA Ew/GCI RADAR SITE 2 CU 2255N 08312W
2..5--NM..W.N.W_0F.....8AH A- HONDA AT 22-55-12N 083.12-14"4
17QKR739363tt.
08 ----1 BAR LOCK AND 1 PROBABLE FLAT FACE RADAR.
ACTIVITY -- 3 VAN TRUCKS, 4 VAN TRAILERS' 3 PIECES OF
EQUIPMENT. AND AN OCCUPIED 3-GUN LIGHT-A-AA SITE.
QAMS SERIES E723, SHEET 3584-I, 2U EDti
0
?
?
0
QAMS SFRTFC F7PA, CI-IFFT SR7F,-TTT, 3D ED=
SANTIAGO DE CUBA EW/GCI RADAR SITE 2 CU 2005N 07551W
5.3 NM NW OF SANTIAGO DE CUBA AT 20-05-30N 075-51-30W
QUTM 18QVT105215u.
FACILITIES CONSIST OF 2 SUPPORT BUILDINGS.
Ot -- 1 BAP LOCK AND 1 POSSIBLE FLAT FACE RADAR.
ObLIQUITY LIMITS INTERPRETATION.
M LITARY ACTIVITY
ALTO CEDRO MILITARY CAMP CU2029N 0760OW
Ob -- 18 TANKS/SP GUNS' 36 FA PIECES' 37 MORTARS' 18
CANVAS-COVEREt) PROBAB.LE.BTR 60-PA.a1 CANVAS-COVEREt1
PROBABLE BRDM- 225 CARGO TRUCKS' AND 51 OTHER VEHICLES.
NO APPARENT CHANGE IN FACILITIES.
DO'S CAMINOS MILITARY CAMP CU 2_ 7W
-50b -- 16 FA/AAA PIECESL.MORTARS,.36 PROBABLE TRACKED
PRIME MOVERS, AND 80 PROBABLE CARGO TRUCKS. OBLIQUITY
LIMITS INTERPRETATION.
NO APPARENT CHANGE IN FACILITIES.
9 GUANTANAMO AREA CU 2018N 07525W
NO NEW MILITARY ACTIVITY OBSERVED IN AREAS 1-9.
AREAS 1-9 -- 80 PERCENT USEABLE COVERAGE.
HOLGUIN MILITARY CAMP CU 2053N 07613W
OB -- MAIN CAMP -- AT LEAST 200 VEHICLES/PIECES OF
0
EQUIPMENT. CAMP 2.2 NM SE -- 16 PROBABLE FA PIECES AND
lb CARGO TRUCKS.
Ni) APPARENT rHANAF TN FA('TI TTTFS TN ROT" AREAS.
HOLGUIN MILITARY CAMP NW CU 2057N 07616W
OB -- 14 FA/AAA PIECES AND 19 CARGO TRUCKS.
NU APPARENT ('HANrF TN FACTLITTFS.
CAMAGUEY MILITARY CAMP CU 2126N 07753W
06 -- NONE OBSERVED.
NO APPARENT CHANGE IN FACILITIES.
CUABITAS MILITARY CAMP CU 2003N 07548W
Ots -- 9 PROBABLE TRACKED VEHICLES AND AT LEAST 30 CARGO
TRUCKS.
ES?
EL CRISTO MILITARY INSTALLATION CU 2008N 07547W
---Pd -- 2 POSSIBLE CRUISE-MISSILE TRANSPORTER-LAUNCHERS
SAND 9 OTHER VEHICLES.
NO APPARENT CHANGE IN FACILITIES.
JUiRAGOA MILITARY ACTIV CU 2209N 08035W Illm
08 -- NONE OBSERVED.
-AP-PAREbl Approved For Release 2008/02/26: CIA-RDP78BO4558AO01400020029-4
_NQ
? R A Approved For Release 2008/02/26: CIA-RDP78BO4558AO01400020029-4
LA QUINTA MILITARY CAMP CU 2002N 07551W
08- 9--PROBABLE FA PIECES. 33 C M60 TRUCK-St AND I
OTHER VEHICLE/PIECE OF EQUIPMENT.
._._N.O..APPARFNT CHANGE IN FACILIT-IF - _
--MINAS MILITARY-CA-MP--- _ CU 2127N 07`
OB -- 22 TANKS/SP GUNS' 20 CARGO TRUCKS, 2 VAN TRUCKS'
s-? ANO. 7 OTHER VEH_I/P-IECES OF EQUIPMEN.....
NO APPARENT CHANGE IN FACILITIES.
OFELIA MILITARY CAMP CU 2006N 07530W
Ott -- 15 TANKS/SP -GUN5--- 27 FA- PIECES' 20 AAA PIKE +---AT
LEAST 10 PROBABLE MORTARS, 4 TRACKED PRIME MOVERS. AT
LEAST 50 CA 1. TRUCKS. AND AT A 1 0 VAN TRUE ---
PUERTO PADRE MILITARY AREA CU 2111N 07639W
Ott -- 1 TANK/SP SUN. 6 FA PIECES' 4 PROBABLE MORTARS,
25 CARGO TRUCKS. 2 PRORARLE VAN TRUCKS, AND 4 OTHER
?
VEHICLES/PIECES OE--- QUIPk1ENT.
Nn APPAP rIT r WAKIcr TAI CAr"TI TTTCG_
SAN DIEGO DE NUNEZ MILITARY CAMP CU 2254N 08305w
Oei -- AT LEAST 35 VEHICLES/PIECES OF EQUIPMENT
NO APPARENT CHANGE IN FACILITIES-
0
SANTIAGO OF CUBA MILITARY CAMP NW CU 2003N 07554W
O8 -- 6 FA PIECES, 3 PROBABLE AAA PIECES' 35 CARGO
TRUCKS. AND 2 OTHER VEHICLES/PIECES OF EQUIPMENT.
` SANTIAGO OF CUBA MILITARY CAMP CU 2003N 07553W
Ott -- 32 FA PIECES. 17 AAA PIECES, 12 MORTARS, 81 CARGO
9 TRUCKS, AND 24 UTILITY TRUCKS.
No APPARENT CHANGE IN FACILTTTFS.
0
CIENFUEGOS MILITARY ACTIVITY CU 2209N 08027W
OS -- 16 FA PIECES AND 16 CARGO TRUCKS.
0 NO APPARENT CHANGE IN FACILITIES.
CONDADO PROBABLE MILITARY INSTALLATIO
N CU 2152N 07951W
0 Ott -- 12 CARGO TRUCKS.
NO APPARENT CHANGE IN FACILITIES.
v LANDING CU 08025W
NO NEW MILITARY ACTIVITY OBSERVED.
NICARO LANDING BEACH CU 2042N 07533W
U NEW MILITARY ACTIVITY OBSERVED..
OA U A GORDAU LANDING BEACH. CU 2039N 07453W
NO NFW MILITARY ACTIVITY OBSERVED IN CLOUD-FREE AREAS.
N PL A. NG REACH CU 2246N 08349W
NO MILITARY ACTIVITY OBSERVED-
0
MOA QCANANOVAu LANDING BEACH CU 2039N 07502W
NO NEW MILITARY ACTIVITY OBSERVED.
bilL Approved For Release 2008/02/26: CIA-RDP78BO4558AO01400020029-4
25X1
25X1
Approved For Release 2008/02/26: CIA-RDP78B04558A001400020029-4
THE FOLLOWING TARGETS SHOW NO APPARENT CHANGE SINCE LAST
BAHIA-.HONDA EW/GCI RADAR SITE
2258N
HOLGUIN EW/GCI RADAR SITE
2048N
SANTIAGO DE CUBA EW/GCI RADAR SITE
1959N
LA SOCAPA LOW SIEVE RADAR SITE
1958N
SABEL FINCA MILITARY CAMP
2005N
SIBONEY LANDING BEACH
1957N
PLAYA..YATERITAS LANDING BEACH -
1958N
CIENFUEGOS LANDING BEACH
2202N
MAR' VERDE LANDING BEACH
1957N
IMIAS LANDING BEACH
2005N
THE.FOLLOWING TARGETS COULD BE IDENTIFIED PUT NOT
CABANAS LOW SIEVE RADAR SITE 2259N
RANCHO LUNA LOW SIEVE RADAR SITE 2202N
SANTA CLARA ARTILLERY TRAINING AREA 2222N
SANTA CLARA MILITARY ACTIVITY 2220N
SANTA FE MILITARY CAMP LA CLARITA 2141+N
SANTA--FE_ MILITARY CAMP LUMUMBA 2142NNv
SIGUANEA MILITARY ACTIVITY
2137N
08311W
07618W
07551W
07552W
07528W
07542W
07457W
08036W
07556W
07440W
INTERPRETED-
08259W
08025W
08000W
07957W
08247W
08249W
08257W
Approved For Release 2008/02/26: CIA-RDP78B04558A001400020029-4