GLOSSARY OF NPIC TERMINOLOGY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78B04560A006000010001-1
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 71
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 5, 2001
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: August 1, 1967
• Content Type: LIST

RECORD
COPY
COPY NO.
PUB. DATE
LOCATION
MASTER
DATE RECEIVED
LOCATION
I S ~bdFFb~4k
elease 2001/11/19
:L
s(Nk- RDP78B
499d~M00600(~010001
1 Al I MUM /D
CUT TO
COPIES 25
DATE
1-70
CUT TO
COPIES
DATE
COPIES DESTROYED
CUT TO
COPIES 10
DATE
1- 2
CUT TO
COPIES
DATE
CUT TO 0
COPIES
DATE1,7
MASTER
DATE
DATE
NUMBER OF COPIES
DATE
NUMBER OF COPIES
MO.
DAY
YR.
RECEIVED OR ISSUED
REC* D
ISSN D
BAL
MO.
DAY
YR.
RECEIVED OR ISSUED
RECD
ISSN D
BAL
9
13
67
Dist. Unit
51
51
At P tG
5"b
JL
JO
-?.3
Q
s
S
l0
Approved For Re
ease
2001/
1/19
CI
RD
78
04560A006( Ag09j-j
TITLE SEC. CLASS. LOCATION
NPIC/R-i_4 /A7 Sept. 1967 S S? ///
 DATE
RECEIVED OR ISSUED
NUMBER OF COPIES
DATE
RECEIVED OR ISSUED
NUMBER OF COPIES
M0.
DAY
YR.
RECD
ISS'D
BAL
M0.
DAY
YR.
RECD
I S S D
BAL
Approved
-
-
Approved or Rel
ease
~T
-
8
QODD'CD00'f ='f-
-"
.TITLE // SEC. CLASS. LOCATION
 Approved For Release 2001/11/19 : CIA-RDP78BO456OA006000010001-1
BEST COPY
Available
THROUGHOUT
FOLDER
Approved For Release 2001/11/19 : CIA-RDP78BO456OA006000010001-1
 C4WrI WA lease 2001/11/19 : CIA-RDP78B04560A006000010001-1
GLOSSARY
OF NPIC TERMINOLOGY
GROUP 1 EXCLUDED FROM
AUTOMATIC DOWNGRADING
AND DECLASSIFICATION
Approved ForMNfIT) 'fl [19 : CIA-RDP78B04560A0
 Approved For Release 2001/11/19 : CIA-RDP78BO456OA006000010001-1
This document contains information affecting
the national defense of the United States,
within the meaning of Title 18, sections
793 and 794, of the U.S. Code, as amended.
Its transmission or revelation of its contents
to or receipt by an unauthorized person is
prohibited by law.
Approved For Release 2001/11/19 : CIA-RDP78BO456OA006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 2001/C' FIa N 8B04560A0060000101jy/R-126/67
GLOSSARY
OF
NPIC TERMINOLOGY
Approved For Release 2001V TI ftNFffAj8B04560A00600001 0001-1
 Approved For Release 204ONF4DE.tkTlI l 78B04560A006000010001-1c/R 126/67
Explanatory Note .....................................................................................
v
Categorical Listings ..................................................................................
21
Imagery ...............................................................................................
21
General ..............................................................................................
21
Infrared .............................................................................................
21
Radar .................................................................................................
23
Photography & Photogrammetry ........................................................
23
Exploitation .........................................................................................
26
General ............................................................................................. .
26
Interpretation ....................................................................................
27
Reporting .......................................................
29
Data Processing .................................................................................
30
Installations .........................................................................................
30
Installation Components ....................................................................
30
Missile Installations ...........................................................................
30
Storage & POL ...................................................................................
31
Industrial Features .............................................................................
32
Protective Features ............................................................................
32
Transportation & Power .......................................................................
33
General ..............................................................................................
33
Roads ................................................................................................
33
Railroads ...........................................................................................
34
Marine Facilities ................................................................................
35
Electric Power ....................................................................................
35
Insurgency & Infiltration. ...................................................................
35
Weaponry ............................................................................................
36
Weapons & Aircraft ............................................................................
36
Missilery ............................................................................................
37
Biological/ Chemical Warfare ..............................................................
38
Nuclear Testing ..................................................................................
38
Damage Assessment ...........................................................................
38
Abbreviations ..........................................................................................
41
Symbols ...................................................................................................
49
Index to Symbols .................................................................................
49
Symbols ...............................................................................................
52
Approved For Release 2001 ' ffID A18B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 2001CL'9N5i ib*8BO456OA006000010001NfIC/It-126/67
This glossary contains standardized definitions of terms frequently used in
NPIC publications, a list of abbreviations approved for use in NPIC reports and
briefing aids, and a list of symbols which have proven serviceable for use in
graphics appearing in NPIC publications. It is intended to serve as a guide for
NPIC personnel and as an explanation for consumers of NPIC publications.
In the first part of this glossary the entries are presented in alphabetical
order. In the second part, the entries are presented in separate lists according
to several general categories of application. The third part consists of an alpha-
betical list of abbreviations; those approved for use on briefing aids are indicated
by asterisks. The fourth and final part contains illustrations of symbols fre-
quently used in graphics of NPIC publications.
In the first two parts of this glossary the term being defined is followed,
where applicable, by parentheses containing the appropriate abbreviation or,
when appropriate, by brackets containing the part of speech to which the de-
finition applies. Parentheses which appear after a definition contain explanatory
notes, such as a cross reference or an indication of the general field in which
the term is used. When a term has more than one meaning, the different de-
finitions appear in numbered sequence. In cases where a definition consists
only of a reference to another term, the referenced term is either the preferred
usage or is a more comprehensive term.
Definitions provided in this glossary are those which have specific or
specialized applications in the field of imagery interpretation, and no attempt is
made to present other established meanings. Terms which are adequately de-
fined in standard dictionaries have not been included. The present listing,
however, should not be considered complete since work is continuing on the se-
lection and definition of additional terms which will be included in future
editions. The list of symbols is also far from complete, and future additions to
this part of this publication are contemplated.
Users of this glossary are invited to suggest the addition of terms and
symbols or to comment on the definitions and symbols provided.
Approved For Release 200tIUNPI N 78BO456OA006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 2001/11/19 : CIA-RDP78BO456OA006000010001-1
Approved For Release 2001/11/19 : CIA-RDP78BO456OA006000010001-1
 Approved For Release (cNHDEN(TtLDP78B04560A006000010001-1-126/67
ALPHABETICAL LISTING
A
abandoned -- Status of an unidentified target orcom-
ponent thereof determined from photography to be
not in use and unoccupied and not in a condition to
be of immediate use.
absorber -- An object which readily "soaks up" radia-
tion; a good absorber reflects poorly and is a good
emitter. (infrared)
absorption coefficient -- A number characterizing the
ability of a given material to absorb or attenuate radi-
ations of a specified energy. The linear absorption
coefficient expresses this ability per unit thickness
and is stated in units of reciprocal length or thickness.
The mass absorption coefficient is equal to the linear
absorption coefficient divided by the density of the
absorbing material; it is a measure of the absorption
ability per unit mass. (infrared)
access road -- A road branching from the complex
main road to provide access to a launch area and/or
group. (missile installations)
active -- Status of an identified target or component
thereof determined to be currently operating or in use.
activity -- Physical manifestation of change indicating
a state of action. Frequently used with changes which
cannot be given a clear and concise identification such
as unidentified military activity, track activity, or
construction activity.
aerial bomb -- An unpowered, usually free-falling
device intended for delivery by aircraft for the pur-
pose of causing damage and/or casualties.
air base -- The distance between two exposure sta-
tions (points in space occupied by the camera lens at
the moment of exposure). (photogrammetry)
aircraft classification -- Aircraft and helicopters are
classified as small, light, medium, and heavy accord-
ing to wing span or rotor diameter as follows:
Small
(feet)
Light
(feet)
Medium
(feet)
heavy
(feet)
Straight wing
Up to 70
71-100
111-150
Over 150
Swept wing
Up to 40
41- 70
71-130
Over 130
Delta wing
Up to 35
36- 50
51- 70
Over 70
Helicopter
Up to 40
41- 60
61-100
Over 100
all-weather road -- An improved road trafficable by
motor vehicles during all seasons of the year.
Altitude Correction Graph (ACG) -- A graph depict-
ing basic mission parameters for the determination of
the scale of certain types of photography.
ammunition storage area -- A storage area for am-
munition. Such a facility may be 1 of 3 types depend-
ing on its location with respect to the area of opera-
tions or combat zone:
depot -- A military storage area where ammunition
is stockpiled to provide the reserve and potential
which are required to insure an uninterrupted
flow into the combat zone or area of operations.
Such a storage area is a rear echelon operation
and may be fixed or semimobile.
dump -- A temporary field storage facility to pro-
vide initial supply and replenishment of ammuni-
tion to various points. Such dumps usually are
behind the combat zone and can be moved easily.
point -- An advanced position in a combat zone or
area of operations where ammunition is available
for distribution to using units or for distribution
by a unit to subordinate units or to individuals.
Such points are maintained by a combat unit;
therefore, they are in or very near the combat
zone.
annotation -- Words, phrases, figures, or symbols
placed on photographs or drawings for explanatory
purposes. Annotations are used to indicate items or
areas of special importance.
antiaircraft artillery (AAA), categories of --
Automatic Weapons/ Antiaircraft Less than 21 mm
Light AAA 21-75 mm
Medium AAA 76-100 mm
heavy AAA larger than 100 mm
antiballistic-missile (ABM) -- An adjective pertaining
to objects or activities for countering ballistic missiles.
antimissile missile (AMM) -- A missile designed to
intercept and destroy another missile in flight.
antisatellite (ASAT) -- [adj] Pertaining to a device or
facility used to monitor, track, inspect, neutralize, or
destroy satellites.
apparent radiance -- The radiant power per unit solid
angle from a source as witnessed by an airborne de-
Approved For Release 20TONfe~) e"fff 78BO456OA00600001 0001 -1
 Approved For Release 2001 /Ef% J9 AJ8B04560A006000010001-APIC/R-126/67
tector. The apparent radiance is directly related to
tone on infrared imagery. (infrared)
area -- 1. A particular space or surface, e.g. an area
of unidentified construction, an unidentified area. 2.
A facility serving a special function and one that may
be composed of 2 or more subordinate units called sec-
tions or sites, and usually 1 element of a larger facility
which may be designated as a complex or center. See
launch area.
armor-piercing bomb -- A bomb designated for maxi-
mum penetration before exploding. It is designed with
a strong steel case, reinforced at the nose end, and
cleanly streamlined. The explosive charge is small
compared with the entire weight.
assault gun -- An armored vehicle mounting a gun
with little or no traverse which is normally used in a
direct fire role.
atmospheric window -- See window
attenuation -- The reduction in the intensity of radia-
tion on passage through matter where the effect is
usually due to absorption and scattering. Reduction of
radiation intensity caused by the atmosphere is called
atmospheric attenuation. (infrared)
autopositive -- Film or paper on which a positive
image is made from a positive transparency by direct
development. (photography)
azimuth resolution -- See radar resolution.
B
backlog -- An accumulation of unworked or uncom-
pleted tasks.
barrel (BBL or bbl) -- 1. A unit of liquid measure;
in the United States, by custom, 42 US gallons com-
prise a barrel of crude oil or petroleum products for
statistical purposes. 2. A container used in the trans-
port of petroleum products. See drum. (POL termino-
logy)
basic intelligence support exploitation -- Imagery
interpretation effort undertaken to maintain a flow of
basic image-derived information on specific targets for
more than one agency, department, or command. In
practice, image-derived information on a specific tar-
get is collated in an authoritative basic report (data
base) in a form which meets user needs, and this re-
port is updated, periodically or as required by appro-
priate authority, with image-derived information ac-
quired from each successive reconnaissance mission.
berth -- A place for securing a vessel.
black body -- A hypothetical object which absorbs all,
and reflects none, of the radiation incident on its sur-
face. A black body is also the perfect emitter. As the
name implies, a black body can usually be approxi-
mated by black, sooty surfaces. (infrared)
blast damage -- Damage caused by explosion, how-
ever initiated. (damage assessment)
blast wall -- A wall, usually of metal or concrete,
which closely surrounds a storage tank to protect it
from blasts, flying debris, or fire. Blast walls are
common in areas where bombing or secondary explo-
sions are likely to occur. (POL terminology)
blip sheet -- NPIC nickname for target briefs.
bomb effects -- The phenomena resulting from a
bomb detonation. There are 3 basic effects from a
conventional bomb detonation: blast, heat, and frag-
mentation. (damage assessment)
bomb impact plot -- A graphic representation of the
target area, usually a prestrike aerial photograph, on
which prominent dots are plotted to mark the impact
or detonation points of bombs dropped on a specific
bombing attack. (damage assessment)
bomb release system -- One of several optional
methods of releasing bombs from aircraft, each of
which results in a different bomb fall pattern or inter-
val and thus directly affects the degree and extent of
damage in a target area. See also salvo, select and
train.
bonus target -- A target other than a programed tar-
get which is being reported for the first time by NPIC.
branch line -- A secondary line of a rail system.
breakwater -- An artificial, protective barrier to break
or deflect the force of the sea.
Brief Photographic Interpretation Report (BPIR) -- A
second- or third-phase report, the scope of which is
limited to a single sheet format. The second-phase
brief reports a new target of significance which was
not reported in an IPIR or it augments an IPIR about
the new target; the second-phase brief may also re-
port a target displaying significant change which was
not reported in an IPIR or it augments an IPIR about
the significant change. The third-phase brief is a re-
port of limited length and content in answer to a re-
a
Approved For Release 20 R P78BO456OA006000010001-1
IA
 Approved For Release 2001.1QINFI F1bIz8B04560A006000010001NTIC/R-126/67
quirement levied on NPIC for new information on an
established target or to a requirement initiated by
NPIC for reporting targets of opportunity.
brightness -- A color dimension ranging from dark to
light (e.g. dark orange, medium brown, light greenish
blue).
bulk storage -- The storage of active agents which
will be used to fill munitions. (chemical warfare)
bumper -- A barrier placed at the end of a rail line
or spur.
bunker -- [noun] 1. A heavily reinforced structure for
storage of sensitive or valuable materials, e.g. a
storage bunker for high explosives. 2. A fortified
structure, above or below ground, usually with em-
brasures, for protection of personnel, for a defended
gun position, or for a defensive position.
bunker -- [verb] 1. To provide or protect with bunk-
ers. 2. To provide with fuel, as to bunker a ship with
coal or oil.
buoy -- A floating device anchored to the bed of a
body of water serving as an aid to navigation or for
mooring vessels.
bus -- A short powerline within a switching yard
enabling the transfer of power from 1 switching
position to another; pl, buses. (electric power)
BW agent -- A micro-organism which causes disease
in man, plants, or animals, or causes the deterioration
of material.
BW operations -- The employment of living organ-
isms, toxic biological products, and/or plant growth
regulators to produce death or casualties in men or
animals and/or damage to plants or material.
C
canister -- A cylindrical shipping container. (Certain
missiles are launched from their canisters.) See pod.
causation -- The cause of damage. The destructive
force responsible for each observed incident of damage.
(damage assessment)
CBR -- The abbreviation for chemical, biological, and
radiological warfare.
center service road -- The road within the launch site
between the pads that provides access from the rear of
the site to the forward loop road connecting the pads.
(missile installations)
change target -- A previously reported targetshowing
a major change or a target where analysis of current
photography furnishes more precise information.
chromaticity -- The quality of light as determined by
its dominant wavelength and purity.
circuit -- An electrical connection between 2 points.
Circuit is not synonymous with powerline or conductor.
(electric power)
classification yard -- A yard in which cars are classi-
fied or grouped in accordance with freight movement
requirements.
clear (C) -- Target area is free of clouds and haze.
cloud cover (CC) -- Clouds completely obscure a tar-
get area.
cloud shadow (CS) -- All or portions of a target area
are darkened by shadows from clouds.
cold target -- See emissivity.
collapse -- A type of structural damage. In this case,
spanning members rest on the floor or on equipment
within the building. Collapse may be "primary"
(usually caused by a single bomb), or "secondary" or
"spreading collapse." The latter covers a large area
and is usually caused by the collapse of adjacent
spanning members. (damage assessment)
color -- The sensation produced by light of different
wavelengths throughout the visible portion of the
electromagnetic spectrum.
color balance -- The relative degree to which aphoto-
graphic emulsion can reproduce all colors approxi-
mately as the eye sees them.
color compensating filter -- An optical device which
alters the chromaticity of the light it transmits. It is
used to absorb undesired colors and to transmit
desired colors.
color coupler -- A chemical compound which is capable
of reacting during the photographic development pro-
cess to produce a cyan, magenta, or yellow dye.
color description -- The naming of colors imaged on
photography according to their principal colors, their
subordinate colors, and their degrees of brightness.
NPIC usage limits the number of principal and sub-
ordinate color describers to 10 each and the number of
brightness describers to 3. These describers are listed
in the following chart. A description of a color may
consist of only a principal color or of any combination
Approved For Release 2001('fJ f1 I ffFRE8B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 2g@NFIM. cr4 DP78B04560A0060000108Ol -126/67
of a principal color with a subordinate color and/or a
brightness describer (e.g. olive, bluish green, dark
brown, light brownish orange). The chart does not
list the terms black, grey, and white, but these terms
may be used as describers.
Brightness Subordinate Principal
Describer Color Color
Dark Violet
Medium Purplish
Light Bluish
Greenish
Yellow
Orange
Reddish
Brownish
Olive
Pinkish
Violet
Purple
Blue
Green
Yellow
Orange
Red
Brown
Olive
Pink
colorimeter -- An instrument for measuring the lumi-
nous intensity of a color relative to a standard.
combat-ready storage -- The storage of ammunition
in which the fill and fuse are in place ready for firing.
combat reconnaissance -- Reconnaissance programs
conducted in direct support of forces engaged in com-
bat. At the national level, such programs are tasked
and managed by the JCS.
complex main road -- The road connecting the access
roads to the complex support facility and rail-to-road
transfer point with the launch areas and/or groups.
(missile installations)
complex support facility -- The road- and rail-served
installation constituting the logistic, construction, and
maintenance support base of the launch complex.
(missile installations)
composite propellant -- A propellant in which parti-
cles of high-energy fuel and particles of an oxidizer
are carried in a plastic binder.
concealment -- Protection from observation.
conductor -- A wire or cable used to transmit electri-
city. (electric power)
confirm -- [verb] To classify as firm a function or
target previously not so classified.
confirmed -- [adj] Denoting a function or target now
classified as firm but not previously so classified.
cool target -- See emissivity.
corduroy road -- A road with a surface of logs laid
side by side perpendicular to the flow of traffic.
corona static fogging -- See static.
cover -- Protection from flat-trajectory fire.
coverage index -- One of a series of overlays showing
all photographic reconnaissance missions covering
the map sheet to which the overlays refer.
cratology -- The technique used in attempting to
identify an object by the size, shape, color, and other
characteristics of its container, including the method
by which it is stored or shipped.
crossover -- 1. A condition in which there is a loss of
contrast between 2 adjacent objects on infrared image-
ry. The term is sometimes used to denote temperature
crossovers but is more properly used to denote radio-
metric temperature crossover. (infrared) 2. A short
length of track on which a train can cross from one
track to an adjacent one. (railroads)
CW agent -- A solid, liquid, or gas which, through its
chemical properties, produces lethal or damaging ef-
fects on man, animals, plants, or material, or produces
a screening or signaling smoke.
CW rail car -- A specialized rail car used to transport
a bulk quanity of CW agent.
cyan -- The term applied to the blue-green color
which is complementary to the color red. Cyan absorbs
red light and is therefore also referred to as a minus
red. It is one of the subtractive primary colors, the
others being yellow and magenta.
D
darkness (D) -- Lack of illumination completely ob-
scures a target area.
data base -- An orderly accumulation of information
on a subject which may serve as the basis for subse-
quent updating. In imagery interpretation, an orderly
accumulation of image-derived information on a
selected target or targets.
deadspace -- Space inside a storage tank occupied by
tank accessories such as pipes, manholes, and internal
structural supports which reduce storage capacity and
also space left empty at the top of tank to preclude
spillage. (POL terminology)
definition -- A subjective term indicating the fineness
of detail observed on the imagery obtained from any
Approved For Release 20fl1I'ftft1h P78BO456OA00600001 0001 -1
 NPIC /R-126/67
Approved For Release 20(' (t( A U % P78B04560A006000010001-1
image collection system. The standards of definition
are affected by the system resolutions and the range
of image contrast.
demolition bomb -- A general purpose (GP) bomb
designed to meet the greatest number of bombing
situations. It has good blast effect, penetration, and
some fragmentation. It is used primarily for the de-
structive effect caused by blast in above-surface explo-
sions, and in earth shock or mining effects resulting
from the detonation of buried bombs.
dendritic static fogging -- See static.
departure yard -- See forwarding ,yard.
depot (DPO) -- See ammunition storage area.
depth bomb -- See depth charge.
depth charge -- A bomb designed for underwater
detonation and, like the light case bomb, designed
for maximum blast effect.
depth of field -- The distance between points nearest
and farthest from the camera which are acceptably
sharp. (photogrammetry)
depth of focus -- The allowable error in lens-to-film
distance within which an acceptably sharp image of
the subject focused upon will still be obtained.
(photography)
destroyed -- A type of structural damage. In the case
of a building, all vertical supports and spanning mem-
bers are damaged to such an extent that nothing is
salvageable. To insure against misuse of this term, its
use must be restricted to structures which are com-
pletely leveled. In the case of bridges, all spans must
be dropped and all piers must require replacement.
(damage assessment)
detailed photographic coverage plot -- A graphical
plot overlay keyed to a WAC (1:1,000,000), depicting
the geographic location of mission photography.
Detailed Photographic Interpretation Report
(DPIR) -- A third-phase photographic interpretation
report presenting the results of a thorough analysis
and a considered interpretation of all pertinent pho-
tography of a specific target or targets.
detect -- To observe a natural or cultural feature on
photography.
detector -- The sensitive element of the infrared sen-
sor which responds to differences in energy incident
upon it. (infrared)
diapositive -- See transparency.
diffusion -- The scattering of light rays reflected from
a rough surface or during the transmission of light
through a translucent medium.
dike -- An artificial embankment to exclude water.
When used along a river, it is also called a levee.
direct intelligence support exploitation -- Imagery
interpretation effort undertaken in direct and timely
support of the assigned mission of any agency,
department, or command. This is a dynamic, on-demand
process in which imagery interpretation resources
are applied to meet changing intelligence needs which
cannot be satisfied by basic intelligence support
exploitation.
direct positive -- See autopositive.
dismantled -- Status of an identified target or a com-
ponent thereof for which there is photographic evi-
dence that the target is being taken down, removed,
or otherwise being disposed of.
dispersion -- The separation of a single ray of white
light into a group of colored rays by a prism or other
optical means.
divided road -- A 2-way road separated by a median
strip.
dock -- Water area between 2 piers. A pier is some-
times erroneously called a dock.
dolphin -- Usually consists of a cluster of piles fastened
together at the top and used for protecting other
structures and for mooring or warping a vessel. Dol-
phins may be in the water, on the beach, or, infre-
quently, on a wharf.
double-base propellant -- A propellant made of nitro-
cellulose granules bound together with a gelatinous
binder of nitroglycerine.
drum -- A cylindrical container commonly used for
the transportation of petroleum products and which
may be one of three standard sizes and capacities. In
the United States, drums most in use have a 55-
gallon capacity. (See barrel.) Capacities (in US gal-
lons) and dimensions (in inches) of the three standard
drums are:
Capacity
Filled Capacity
Diameter
Length
30 gal
28.5 gal
14 in
27 in
55 gal
110 gal
53 gal
106 gal
25 in
31 in
35 in
45 in
(POL Terminology)
dump -- See ammunition storage area.
duplicate positive (DP) -- See positive.
Approved For Release 2001/CfjWlg At8B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 200 ONE DR- e78B04560A006000010004PIC/R-126/67
duplicate positive color -- A copy of the original color
color positive record. The colors and tones may have
been altered during the reproduction process to produce
a corrected duplicate color positive in which the colors
more closely resemble those of the original subject
than does the original color positive.
E
earth banked -- To have earth piled against thesides.
earth covered -- To be covered completely with earth
(except, for example, the entrances of an earth-covered
building may be exposed); earth covered and earth
mounded are nearly synonymous; however, the term
earth mounded implies that the earth has been piled
in a heap that obscures the configuration of the
covered object, and the term earth covered usually
implies a- thinner covering. (In some instances a strut .
ture built in an excavation and then covered with a
deep layer of earth may more aptly be described as
being underground rather than earth covered or
mounded.)
earth mounded -- To be covered with aheap of earth,
e.g., an earth-mounded storage bunker, the fabrica-
tion building is earth mounded, the building is
mounded with earth. See earth covered.
effective damage -- That damage necessaryto render
a target element inoperative, unserviceable, nonproduc-
tive, or uninhabitable. (damage assessment)
electromagnetic radiation -- Energy emitted or re-
flected in the form of electromagnetic waves which in-
clude, in order of increasing wavelength, cosmic rays,
gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet radiation, visual light,
infrared radiation, microwave radiation, and radio
waves.
electromagnetic spectrum -- The total frequency
range of electromagnetic radiation. See electromag-
netic radiation.
emissivity -- The ratio of radiation emitted by a sur-
face to the radiation emitted by a "black body" at the
same temperature and under the same conditions.
This may be expressed for the total radiation from all
wavelengths or for restricted bands of wavelengths.
Targets are described in relation to their apparent
emissivity. The following categories are generalized
target descriptions (assuming a target and its back-
ground have the same emissivity factor):
warm target -- A target that is warmer than its
background will image much brighter than its
background.
hot target -- A target that is much warmer than
its background will image much brighter than its
background.
cool target -- A target that is cooler than its back-
ground will image darker than its background.
cold target -- A target that is much colder than
its background will image much darker than its
background. (infrared)
engine terminal -- 1. Terminus of a section of track
along which an engine operates. 2. End of operating
division of a rail line, to include at least engine
turnaround facilities.
epicenter -- The area on the earth's surface directly
above the place of origin, or focus, of an earthquake.
The term is not used for manmade events. See
ground zero.
exploitation -- Making use of imagery for purposes
of obtaining information of value to producers of
finished intelligence. This process includes converting
latent images into forms from which useful informa-
tion can be extracted by means of imagery interpre-
tation. (imagery interpretation)
explosives storage area -- A storage area where
blast protective measures are visible. The storage
may be either military or civil. Civil storage areas
do not have military aspects such as barracks, extra
security measures, or military housekeeping facilities.
exposure -- The function of the duration of time and
the intensity of illumination upon photographic
material. (photography)
extent of damage -- The visible plan area of damage
to a target element, usually expressed in units of
1,000 square feet in detailed damage analysis and
in approximate percentages in immediate-type damage
assessment reports (e.g., 50 percent structural dam-
age). (damage assessment)
F
fair interpretability (F) -- See interpretability
Approved For Release 2ebJ VI6;L;;CJf LDP78B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 2001AQ/M9 1 I.'b W8B04560A006000010001NTIC/R-126/67
false parallax -- The apparent vertical displacement
of an object from its true position when viewed stereo-
scopically, due to movement of the object itself as well
as to change in the point of observation.
fascine road -- A road with a surface of bundles of
sticks and branches laid crosswise to the flow of traffic.
feet per side -- See ground resolution.
fiducial mark -- A standard geometrical reference
point imaged at the margin of a photograph. The in-
tersection of the primary fiducial marks usually defines
the principal point.
fire damage -- Damage caused by combustion, how-
ever ignited. (damage assessment)
firm -- Evidence is sufficient to permit a definite
identification of a function or target.
first-phase imagery exploitation -- Those actions
which are expeditiously accomplished by NPIC upon
receiving film and within approximately 24 to 72
hours from receipt. These actions are related to those
highest priority targets which are imaged on a specific
mission as well as new, significant, perishable and/
or similar highest priority data.
flame bucket -- The structure, often water cooled,
used to deflect the engine exhaust gases in liquid
rocket engine test stands.
flame deflector -- A device for deflecting the exhaust
flame of a rocket motor away from structural areas
the flame might damage.
flare -- A fogged or dense area on a photographic
negative caused by nonfocused light reaching the
photosensitive emulsion; this results either from in-
ternal camera reflections or from such external media
as the atmosphere, water, or highly reflective objects.
flat yard -- A yard in which the sorting is done by
an engine pushing freight cars into place.
floating dock -- A type of drydock composed of 1 or
more sections which can be submerged to receive a
vessel, then resurfaced so as to expose the bottom of
the vessel.
forwarding yard -- A holding yard in which trains are
held temporarily after classification but before enter-
ing the running tracks. Also, a departure yard.
fragmentation bomb -- A bomb designed so that the
bomb case and/or special filling of the bomb shatters
into a large number of fragments which are sprayed
destructively in all directions. It is designed for maxi-
mum effect against personnel, aircraft on the ground,
lightly armored equipment, and materiel.
frame -- One of a series of full-format photographs
comprising a roll of film.
G
generation -- The number of reproductive steps by
which a negative or positive photographic copy is
separated from the original. Thus the original nega-
tive would be the first generation; any positive made
from the original negative would be a second genera-
tion copy; any duplicate negative made from a second
generation positive would be a third generation copy,
and any positive made from the third generation
duplicate negative would be a fourth generation copy.
good interpretability (G) -- See interpretability_
grade crossing -- The intersection of a rail line and
a road at the same level.
ground cover (GC) -- The natural terrain or vegeta-
tional cover which obscures or creates a defilade for
the target in question as imaged on an aerial photo-
graph.
ground resolution -- The ground size equivalent of
the smallest still resolved image and its associated
space, usually expressed in feet per side.
ground zero (GZ) -- The point on the surface of land
or water at, or vertically above or below, the center of
the burst of a nuclear device or weapon See epicenter.
gutted -- See structural damage and superficial
damage.
H
halation -- A spreading of light beyond its true
boundaries from bright parts of a photographic image
into adjacent darker parts as a result of reflection
from the back surface of the film orplate. (photograph)
hard-surfaced road -- See paved road.
haze (H) -- All or portions of a target area are ob-
scured by a thin vapor of suspended fog, smoke, dust,
etc., in the air.
Approved For Release 200 /G DE%:R 78B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 22 1PIMMi DP78B04560A006000010 (-126/67
heat capacity -- The ratio of the heat supplied to an
object to the corresponding temperature rise of that
object which, in turn, affects the amount of infrared
radiation. (infrared)
heavy aircraft -- See aircraft classification.
heavy cloud cover (HC) -- Clouds cover most of a
target area.
heterostereoscopy -- Stereo viewing of a target in a
stereogram composed of images photographed with a
different time element to portray the following aspects:
snow and nonsnow, foliage and nonfoliage, displace-
ment caused by movement, change inbuildings status,
camouflage, etc.
holding yard -- A yard for the temporary retention
of cars. (transportation, rail)
hold revetment -- An on-site prepared position(s)
used for parking spare missiles.
holiday -- A gap in the photographic coverage of a
surface.
hot target -- See emissivity.
hump yard -- A yard in which cars are pushed over
a hump beyond which they roll into sidings by
gravity. Also called summit yard.
hyperstereoscopy -- Stereoscopic viewing in which
the scale along the line of sight is exaggerated in
comparison with scale perpendicular to line of sight.
I
identification only (IDO) -- Target can be identified
on photography, but limiting conditions preclude in-
terpretations. See limiting conditions and interpret-
ability
identify -- To establish the descriptive and/or func-
tional name of some object or pattern detected on
photography.
image intelligence -- See photographic intelligence.
image interpretation -- See photographic interpreta-
tation.
imagery -- A recorded representation of an object
either visual or convertible to a medium suitable for
interpretation.
Immediate Photographic Interpretation Report
(IPIR) -- A first-phase photographic interpretation
report presenting the results of the initial scan and
analysis of new photography in answer to specific
requirements on the highest priority targets.
improved road -- A route made better than cleared
ground by the addition of a base course, surfacing
material, or other stabilizing agent, with provision
for drainage. Improvement is usually associated with
good alignment and vertical control.
inactive -- Status of an identified target or component
thereof determined from photography to be currently
not in use, although the capability for immediate use
may exist.
incendiary bomb -- A bomb designed to start fires
which will destroy the usefulness of a target area.
In size, they can range from 4 to 500 pounds, with
the smaller bombs usually carried in bomb clusters.
indicator -- Any feature or pattern of features which
suggests the presence of a target or activity or which
may suggest the function of a target or activity. A
single indicator does not permit positive identification
of a target, activity, or function, but a combination
of indicators may constitute a signature. See signature.
(imagery interpretation)
infrared (IR) -- Electromagnetic radiations of wave-
length between 0.72 microns (7,200 angstroms) and
about 1,000 microns (1 millimeter).
infrared film -- Film which is chemically sensitized
so as to respond to both infrared radiations and
visible light in that portion of the electromagnetic
spectrum where visible light and infrared overlap
(approximately 0.72 microns). The resolution of this
film is basically dependent on visible light.
infrared imagery -- That imagery produced as a result
of sensing electromagnetic radiations emitted from a
given target surface in the infrared portion of the
electromagnetic spectrum (approximately 0.72 to 1,000
microns).
infrared radiation -- Energy emitted or reflected in
the form of electromagnetic waves in the infrared
portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Wavelengths
of infrared radiation range from 0.72 microns to about
1,000 microns (1 millimeter) and are frequently divided,
in order of increasing wavelength, into near, middle,
and far infrared. See electromagnetic radiation.
infrared resolution -- The size of the smallest ele-
ment that can be resolved which is approximately
0
Approved For Release 20Aa,(1,'LIa8E lf1 P78B04560A006000010001-1
 NPIC/R-126/67
Approved For Release 20 ( .1Qp HDEK *78BO456OA006000010001-1
equal to the dimensions of, the instantaneous field of
view (IFV). The IFV is determined by the detector
size, the focal length of the optical system, and the
altitude of the aircraft. The IFV varies with obliquity.
installation (INSTLN) -- A facility in a fixed or rela-
tively fixed location, together with its buildings, build-
ing equipment and subsidiary facilities, such as piers,
spurs, access roads, beacons, etc.
instantaneous field of view (IFV) -- The smallest
solid angle resolvable by a scanner when expressed
in degrees. When expressed in feet, it is the projected
area of the detector image on the ground and is
a measure of the resolution of a scanner. (infrared)
intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) -- An arbi-
trary designation for missiles having a range in excess
of 3,000 nm.
interface -- 1. The mating surfaces at which two
interdependent components join. 2. The point at
which two independent systems meet and act upon or
communicate with each other. (data processing)
intermediate range ballistic missile (IRBM) -- An
arbitrary designation for missiles having ranges from
1,101 to 3,000 nm.
interpretability -- Suitability of the imagery with re-
spect to answering requirements on a given type of
target. Various factors affect interpretability such as
halation, uncompensated image motion, poor contrast,
incorrect focus, vacuum plate failure, improper film
processing, atmospheric conditions (both natural and
manmade), ground resolution, and insufficient natural
or artificial lighting of the target. The 3 levels of
interpretability are:
poor interpretability (P) -- Unsuitable for ade-
quately answering requirements on a given type
of target.
fair interpretability (F) -- Suitable for answering
requirements on a given type of target but with
only average detail.
good interpretability (G) -- Suitable for answer-
ing requirements on a given type of target in
considerable detail.
interpretation -- Extraction from imagery of informa-
tion contributing to the synthesized body of knowledge
which constitutes intelligence. (imagery interpreta-
tion)
inverted stereo -- Three-dimensional impression of
relief which is the reverse of that actually existing.
inverter substation -- An installation where direct
current is changed (inverted) to alternating current.
J
jetty -- An artificial barrier at river mouths and har-
bor entrances to deflect and regulate water currents.
A jetty which breaks the force of the sea is called
a breakwater.
junction -- A place where 2 or more rail lines or
roads physically join.
L
laser -- An acronym formed from the initial letters of
words in the phrase: light amplification by stimulated
emission of radiation.
launch area -- 1. (SSM) The component of a surface-
to-surface missile (MRBM, IRBM, ICBM) complex
which may include the launch site with its launch
positions, road network, missile-ready buildings, nu-
clear warhead/nosecone handling facility, and the
site support facility. 2. (SAM) Any designated loca-
tion having the necessary equipment to launch sur-
face-to-air missiles. 3. (AMM) The component of an
antimissile-missile complex which includes the launch
sites and the facilities within the immediate vicinity
of the launch sites.
launch complex -- An integrated association of launch
areas and/or groups and logistic support elements
which may include a complex support facility, rail-
to-road transfer point, and nuclear weapons handling
facilities. (missile installations)
launch group -- A group of single silo sites inter-
connected by cable(s) and containing 1 or more
control facilities.
launch pad -- A permanent or semipermanent load-
bearing surface on which a missile launcher can be
placed.
launch position -- A prepared place from which a
missile can be launched (specifically, a silo, revetment,
pad, platform, emplacement, etc.).
launch silo -- A vertical underground missile shelter
designed to contain a missile and the necessary equip-
ment to launch it or to lift it to a launch attitude.
Approved For Release 20011(f IFFPRE8B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 20(UON9M) JLP78B04560A00600001000P4/R-126/67
launch site -- 1. A facility consisting of 1 or more
launch positions and the related buildings and/or
equipment necessary to effect the launching of sur-
face-to-surface or antimissile missiles. (missile in-
stallations) 2. A facility for the launching of
surface-to-air missiles which may include a launch
area consisting of 1 or more launch positions, a
guidance area, 1 or more missile-hold positions, and
a support area. (missile installations)
launch window -- See window.
liaison/way station -- See way station. (insurgent/
infiltration activity)
light aircraft -- See aircraft classification.
light case bomb -- A bomb which differs from the
demolition bomb in having a thin case and no pene-
trating power. It carries a maximum charge and.
is designated to create maximum blast effect.
limiting conditions -- Time, weather, and/or man-
made factors hindering interpretability of a given target
Conditions affecting interpretability are described by
the following terms, each of which (except snow and
camouflage which are self explanatory) is defined
separately in this glossary:
clear (C) darkness (D)
cloud cover (CC) ground cover (GC)
scattered cloud cover (SC) camouflage (CF)
heavy cloud cover (HC) snow (S)
cloud shadow (CS) ground resolution (GR)
haze (II) obliquity (0)
semidarkness (SD) small scale (SS)
lines of communication (LOC) -- All the routes (land,
water, and air) which connect an operating military
force with a base of operations, and along which
supplies and reinforcements move.
lines per millimeter -- See photographic resolution.
liquid propellant -- A propellant in liquid form usual-
ly composed of 2 parts, the oxidizer and the fuel,
which are piped separately to the combustion chamber.
locate -- 1. To find or establish the site of a known
installation on the actual aerial photograph. 2. To
find or show the position on a map of an installation
or site seen on a photograph; after the installation
or site has been seen, the photographic interpreter
may locate it with regard to geographic coordinates.
loop track -- A more or less circular rail alignment
used to reverse direction of locomotives and rolling
stock.
M
magenta -- The blue-red color which is complemen-
tary to the color green. Magenta absorbs green light
and is therefore also referred to as a minus green. It
is one of the subtractive primary colors, the others
being yellow and cyan.
marshalling yard (British terminology) -- See
classification yard.
medium aircraft -- See aircraft classification.
medium range ballistic missile (MRBM) -- An arbi-
trary designation for missiles having ranges from
501 to 1,100 nm.
milliradian -- One thousandth of a radian. It is ap-
proximately the angle subtended by an are 1 foot in
length at 1,000 feet and is the basic factor in deter-
mining ground resolution of a given system. (infrared)
missile assembly and checkout facility -- The com-
ponent(s) of a missile support facility at a test center
used for assembly and checkout of a missile prior to
its movement to a launch site or in recycling.
missile launch site construction (single-silo sites) --
Identifiable stages of construction are:
early stage -- Evidence of clearing and grading,
or open-cut excavation, or of silo coring.
midstage -- Evidence that silo is under construc-
tion, that silo appears finished to surface level, or
that backfilling of silo is under way.
late stage -- Evidence that silo door(s) is (are)
installed, that final backfilling is complete, and
that grading is under way
complete -- Evidence that elements are complete
and roads are paved.
missile-ready building -- A road-served drive-in or
drive-through building at deployed soft surface-to-
surface or antimissile-missile launch sites providing
facilities for the preparation, storage, and maintenance
of a missile in a ready-to-launch condition.
missile RIM facility or building -- The place at a
deployed hard missile launch complex where a missile
is received, inspected, and/or maintained.
mission (MSN or M) -- The completed photographic
flight of 1 or more vehicles.
Mission Coverage Index (MCI) -- An obsolete title
for a second-phase photographic interpretation report
consisting of an organized list containing references
and brief descriptions of targets of intelligence interest
Approved For Release 2NV.1-10 l DP78B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 20t'iiUP78B04560A0060000100( 'f/P-126/67
imaged on the photography of a given mission or
missions. Publication of MCIs was discontinued in
July 1965.
Mission Coverage Plots (MCP) -- A technical publi-
cation providing the photographic coverage plots of
an entire mission of photography.
Mission Coverage Plot Summary (MCPS) -- A
graphic plot overlay, keyed to a 1:15,000,000 map,
depicting the plottable photographic coverage of an
entire mission of photography.
Mission Index Photographic Interpretation Report
(MIPIR) -- A first-phase photographic interpretation
report presenting an organized list of all targets of
intelligence interest imaged on the photography of a
given mission or missions. Targets are identified by
name with notations of photo reference, photo quality,
and atmospheric conditions. This type of report is no
longer published.
modification -- The physical alteration of a vehicle,
a piece of equipment, or an installation so as to
change its capabilities or characteristics but not its
basic design. See new generation.
mole -- A massive structure projected from the shore
which deflects water currents and provides berthing
space.
monoscopic coverage -- That photography in which
the entire frame must be viewed in 2-dimensional
perspective, lacking the capability of being viewed
stereoscopically in combination with adjacent frames.
mound -- [noun] A pile or heap, e.g., a mound of
earth.
mound -- [verb] To cover with a raised heap, e.g.
an earth-mounded storage bunker.
multisensor -- A term pertaining to an integrated
system designed to record imagery from different
portions of the electromagnetic spectrum in support
of all-weather data acquisition roles.
multispectral imagery -- That imagery which is pro-
duced as a result of combining 2 or more types of
sensings on a single image format, thus producing
a compound target image, i.e. infrared (camouflage
detection) film.
N
napalm bomb -- A special type of incendiary, shaped
like a fuel droptank, carried externally, and dropped
from low altitude to increase accuracy and area
coverage.
negate -- To ascertain that a target previously sus-
pected or reported as existing does not exist or cannot
be so identified,
negation -- The act of negating.
negation date -- Date of the most recent photography
on which there is no evidence of the target.
negation list -- A list of negated targets.
negative -- A sensitized plate or film which has been
exposed in a camera and which has the lights and
shades in inverse order to those of the original sub-
ject. The plate or film does not become a negative
until it is exposed and processed.
neutral density filter -- An optical device which does
not alter the chromaticity of the light it transmits.
(color)
New and Change PI Report -- See Summary Photo-
graphic Interpretation Report.
new generation -- A vehicle, a piece of equipment, or
an installation of a markedly new design created to
fulfill a new requirement or to incorporate a new con-
cept. See modification.
new target -- A previously known or newly identified
target reported for the first time by NPIC.
nitrocellulose section -- That part of an explosives
plant where wood or cotton pulp is nitrated with nitric
acid to form nitrocellulose.
nitroglycerine section -- That part of an explosives
plant in which glycerine compounds are nitrated to
form nitroglycerine.
no apparent change (NAC) -- The physical aspects of
a target, as imaged on the photography in question,
appear to be essentially the same as on prior coverage
of the target.
nonpersistent agent -- A volatile chemical agent
which forms a cloud and dissipates rapidly into the
atmosphere. (chemical warfare)
nonstereo (NS) -- Pertains to that mode of coverage
for a given target or area in which only one photo-
graphic image exists, precluding the condition for
stereoscopic viewing.
nuclear event -- Any detonation of a nuclear device
or weapon.
Approved For Release 20yoffF? fRP78B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 20(@ONF fl) Pff 978B04560A006000010004-Ili /R-126/67
O
obliquity (0) -- That condition in which the optical
axis of the camera is tilted appreciably from the
vertical, often limiting detailed analysis.
occupied -- A target inhabited or containing adequate
equipment to accomplish its purpose.
offshore wharf -- A structure built parallel to the
shore and connected to it by 1 or more narrow ap-
proaches or gangways. Vessels berth along its face.
on-line -- Descriptive of a production function con-
nected directly to the central data processing unit for
automatic response to requirements. (data processing)
operational -- A target capable of accomplishing a
destined function.
order of battle (OB) -- The identification,, strength,
command structure, and disposition of the personnel,
units, and equipment of any military force, or any
part thereof.
Order of Battle Summary PI Report -- See Summary
Photographic Interpretation Report.
order-of-battle target -- A target where order of
battle can be determined.
original positive color -- The original photographic
color record which has been exposed in the camera
and processed and whose colors approximate those
of the original subject.
orthostereoscopy -- A condition wherein the hori-
zontal and vertical distances in a stereoscopic model
appear to be at the same scale.
outage -- A period of time during which there is a
disruption in the supply of electric power. (electrical)
overload (override) -- A situation in which radio-
metric temperatures of targets are beyond set limits
of an infrared system resulting in shadow-like effects
ruining contrast and obscuring detail; also referred
to as detector saturation.
packaging plant -- A facility consisting of one or
more buildings where petroleum products are barrelled,
canned, or packaged. (POL terminology)
parallax -- The apparent displacement of the posi-
tion of an object in relation to reference point, due
to a change in the point of observation.
partially underground (PUG) -- Descriptive term ap-
plied to structures or objects, including POL storage
tanks, which are placed partially above and partially
below the surrounding surface of the ground or semi-
buried; the portion of the structure or object above
ground may be banked or covered with earth. This
term is not normally applied to a building with a
basement as the lowest floor.
partial target coverage -- See target_cover_ g
paved road -- An improved road having a durable
surface of gravel, stone, concrete, asphalt, or similar
material.
persistent agent -- A nonvolatile chemical agent
which remains on the terrain or on clothing and
equipment in the form of droplets. (chemical warfare)
photo base -- 1. The length of the air base as defined
on the photograph. (photogrammetry) 2. The accumu-
lation of photocoverage over a target area for the ex-
press purpose of creating a comparative file in relation
to prospective coverage.
photographic coverage -- The extent to which an
area is covered by photography from one mission or
a series of missions or in a period of time. Coverage
in this sense conveys the idea of the availability of
photography and is not a synonym of the word
photography.
Photographic Evaluation Report (PER) -- A technical
publication expressing the photo quality results of a
mission of photography. Emphasis is placed on the
negative aspects of the results to guide those con-
cerned in applying appropriate corrections.
photographic intelligence -- The collected products
of photographic interpretation, classified and evalu-
ated for intelligence use.
Photographic Intelligence Listing -- A list of pho-
tographic reports produced or received by the National
Photographic Interpretation Center; it is in 3 parts
and lists the reports by originator, by general subject,
and alphabetically.
photographic interpretation -- The use of systems,
techniques, or processes of analyzing imagery in order
to produce significant, reliable, and detailed informa-
tion concerning the natural or cultural features of the
area photographed and to determine or infer the
factors which the observable presence, condition, or
use of these features imply.
a
0
Approved For Release 20MVrbCIf [W 78BO456OA00600001 0001 -1
 Approved For Release 2@115rtNIDP78B04560A006000010yd1 21 -126/67
photographic quality -- A result of the camera sys-
tem, processing, and film handling. Good photographic
quality encompasses all the criteria for good image
quality with the exception of unavoidable degradations
not associated with the taking system, i.e., atmos-
pherics, snow cover, etc.
photographic reading -- The simple recognition of
natural or cultural features from photography without
evaluation.
photographic resolution -- A measure of the smallest
array of point objects distinguishable as independent
point images, frequently expressed in lines per milli-
meter, where "line" refers to the distance between
centers of 2 distinguishable point images.
pier -- A wharf extending perpendicularly or obliquely
into the water with accommodations for ships on both
sides; it may be straight, T-shaped, or L-shaped.
pilot's trace -- An annotated overlay or map compiled
with the assistance of the pilot of a photographic
mission. It may contain the following information:
ground track of the reconnaissance aircraft; camera
designation; location of camera operation; indicated
altitudes at specified check points; recorded times at
specified checkpoints; and estimated cloud cover ob-
served along the flight line.
plot -- An overlay or map depicting the geographic
coverage of a photographic mission.
plottable imagery -- That cultural and geographical
imagery which can be related to corresponding map
detail. The coverage may include the limiting aspects
to image interpretation such as cloud cover, cloud
shadow, haze, obliquity, semidarkness, ground cover,
snow, camouflage, ground resolution, etc. See
limiting conditions.
pod -- A streamlined, usually detachable, functional
component used as a housing or as an environmental
shelter for weapons, cargo, or engines (e.g. rocket
pod, missile pod, fuel pod, jet pod). See canister.
point -- See ammunition storage area.
poor interpretability (P) -- See interpretability.
positive -- A photograph having the same approxi-
mate rendition of light and shade as the original
subject.
possible (POSS) -- Evidence indicates that the de-
signated function is reasonable and more likely than
other functions considered.
powerline -- A succession of supports carrying con-
ductors for transmitting electric power overhead,
underground, or underwater. A powerline is not termed
a transmission line.
powerline trace -- A related narrow strip cleared of
trees and high shrubbery which may contain 1 or
more powerlines.
Preliminary Mission Coverage Plot Summary (Pre
MCPS) -- A composite graphic depicting the predicted
areas of photographic coverage as determined from
preliminary information.
print -- A photographic copy made by projection or
contact printing from a photographic negative or
from a transparent drawing.
primary route -- A transportation route or series of
routes (commonly called a network) providing for
through traffic and normally connecting with second-
ary routes.
probable (PROB) -- Evidence for the designated func-
tion is strong and other functions appear quite doubtful.
pseudostereoscopy -- An impression of 3-dimensional
relief derived by means of binocular vision and the
use of identical images.
psychochemical agent -- A chemical agent which
affects the brain or nerve centers and by disorienting
the human or animal mind prevents the mind tempo-
raily from performing its usual functions. (chemical
warfare)
quay -- A wharf accommodating ships on 1 side only.
Usually of solid construction, a quay is built against
and parallel to shore, moles, or breakwaters.
R
radar imagery -- That imagery produced as a result
of sensing radar waves reflected from a given target
Approved For Release 20 TO f1> fRE78B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 2001 tlefflf I UMN[8B04560A006000010001 SIC/R-126/67
surface in the radar portion of the electromagnetic
spectrum (approximately 300 - 70,000 megacycles).
radar resolution -- 1. range resolution -- The mini-
mum size of objects and the space between them that
will show as separate returns on the radarscope when
1 object is farther than the other in range. 2. track re-
solution (azimuth) -- The minimum size of objects
and the space between them that will show when the
targets are aligned parallel to the flight path.
radiance resolution -- The smallest detectable differ-
ence between the radiance of 2 regions of the object
being imaged. Radiance resolution is sometimes in-
correctly called temperature resolution. (infrared)
railhead -- A place orpointalongarailroad line where
supplies are unloaded for distribution or storage.
Also, the farthest point to which track has been laid
in railroad construction.
rail-to-road transfer point -- A facility for the trans-
fer of material from rail to road.
range resolution -- See radar resolution.
real time -- 1. Time in which reporting on events or
recording of events is simultaneous with the events.
2. That time during which information or data is
processed in a sufficiently rapid manner so that the
results of the processing are available to influence
the process being monitored or controlled. (data
processing)
receiving yard -- A holding yard for incoming trains
prior to their classification.
recognize -- To establish that an object, pattern, or
installation under study on a photograph was known
before.
recovery window -- See window.
rectification -- The mathematical, optical-mechanical,
or graphical procedure by which a tilted aerial photo-
graph is converted into one having no tilt. (pho-
tography)
rectifier substation -- See substation.
rest and refuel facility -- An area, sometimes referred
to as a truck park, used for support of vehicular move-
ment, including rest for personnel and refuel, main-
tenance, and concealment for vehicles. It is usually
located near or adjacent to a main road. Its access
road, usually well defined, leads to a turnaround or a
dead end; small support buildings are usually present;
trucks may be visible, and POL is present but usually
not visible; sometimes present are individual vehicle
parking slots cut into the vegetation. (insurgent/
infiltration activity)
restitution -- The process of determining the true
planimetric position of objects whose images appear
on aerial photographs. (photogrammetry)
reversed stereo -- See inverted stereo.
revet -- [verb] 1. To provide with a revetment, i.e.,
a wall or free embankment. 2. To face a wall, dike,
river bank, etc., with stone, brick, concrete, sandbags,
or other material for purposes of preventing erosion
or to hold earth slopes at steeper angles that could
normally be maintained without caving or sliding.
revetment (RVT) -- 1. A wall, free embankment, or
similar device, usually made of earth, designed to
protect buildings, storage facilities, planes, vehicles,
or weapons emplacements from the effects of blast,
fire, bombs, strafing, or shellfire. 2. A facing or re-
taining wall.
right of way -- A strip of land authorized for use by
a transportation route, by a communication line, or
by a powerline.
road -- In general, a route that is capable of support-
ing vehicular movement by width, alignment, and use.
roadbed -- Any prepared surface which ultimately
will be used for supporting a rail line.
roadway -- Usable portion of road structure which
normally lies between the construction limits of grad-
ing and drainage but does not include shoulders.
rocket engine test facility -- An installation where the
engine of a solid or liquid propulsion rocket system
is test fired.
roof disturbance -- Minor damage to the roof without
roof stripping in excess of 40 square feet. This is a
minor type of damage which does not quality as
superficial damage; however, it may be important
where large areas are involved in damage to highly
vulnerable contents such as precision instruments.
(Roof disturbance does not mean roof distortion which
is a clue to structural damage and which is more
serious.) (damage assessment)
roof stripping -- See superficial damage.
route -- The course or way of a transportation or
communication system, along which traffic moves.
S
safe capacity -- The volume of POL, usually 95 per-
cent of gross volume, that can be safely held by a
storage tank because of the need to provide for vapor
expansion and other factors. (POL terminology)
salvo -- The bombing system which involves there-
Approved Approved For Release 20~1~(a,1~~~~ AIALP78BO456OA006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 2001)GOWIWKW8B04560A006000010001IfIC/R-126/67
lease of the entire bomb load or remaining bomb load
of more than 1 bomb as instantaneously as possible.
This system results in the minimum bomb impact
interval in a target area.
scale -- The ratio of a distance measured on a map,
photograph, mosaic, etc., to the corresponding distance
on the ground. Scales of air photography are classified
as follows:
Very large 1:6,000 and larger
Large 1:6,000 to 1:12,000
Medium 1:12,000 to 1:30,000
Small 1:30,000 to 1:70,000
Very small 1:70,000 and smaller
scan -- A careful viewing of the photography (image-
ry) from a mission in order to report information on
known targets and on new targets of significance. See
scan rate.
scan line -- An image line corresponding to 1 revolu-
tion of a single plane mirror. A 4-sided mirror system
will create 4 scan lines on the resultant imagery during
a single revolution. (infrared)
scan rate -- 1. The speed of travel across the focal
plane by the exposure slit; measurement is usually
given in radians per second. (photography) 2. One
complete rotation of a radar antenna and, therefore,
the time base. (radar)
scattered cloud cover (SC) -- Clouds cover some
portions of a target area.
search -- A comprehensive examination of all pho-
tography (imagery) covering a specific type of target(s)
within a designated geographic area and time frame.
seasonal road -- A road, the trafficability of which is
dependent upon climatic conditions.
sea wall -- A wall or embankment built alongshore to
resist the sea.
secondary explosion -- An explosion caused by a
bomb detonation producing a pronounced, usually
larger explosion of explosive material on the surface.
Examples of such material are stores of ammunition,
fuel, chemicals, and pressure-operated equipment.
secondary route -- A transportation route specifical-
ly supporting local needs. Access to secondary routes
is normally provided by primary routes, although a
secondary route network could also serve in this
capacity.
second-phase imagery exploitation -- Those actions
which are accomplished by NPIC upon receipt of film
but are subsequent to commencement of first-phase
actions on that film.
section -- A distinct part of an area that accomplishes
a part of the area's functions or serves the area in
some other way, e.g. industrial section of Area A, or
in missiles terminology the technical section of a site
support facility.
select -- The bombing system which involves the re-
lease of only a single bomb on a given bomb run from
an aircraft loaded with more than 1 bomb. The British
equivalent of this term is "single."
self-propelled gun -- A lightly armored vehicle with
a traversing gun which is normally used as an indirect
fire artillery piece.
semidarkness (SD) -- Insufficient illumination limits
interpretation of a target.
sensor -- 1. A technical device extending man's
natural senses which is designed to respond to physi-
cal stimulus (e.g. light, heat, cold, motion) and
transmit a resulting impulse for interpretation, measur-
ment, or operating a control. 2. A device or equipment
which responds to energy reflected or emitted by both
natural and cultural phenomena and records this
energy in the form of imagery. (imagery)
separating yard -- See classification yard.
serviceable -- A target capable of being used.
service tank -- A tank for storage of POL which is
usually mounted horizontally and which, in most
cases, is smaller than typical aboveground POL stor-
age tanks. A service tank normally contains petroleum
for immediate consumption. (POL terminology)
severity of damage -- A classification of damage re-
lated to the degree a structure is made inoperative,
unserviceable, nonproductive, or uninhabitable, but
established primarily through consideration of the
comparative case of repair. (damage assessment)
short range ballistic missile (SRBM) -- An arbitrary
designation for missiles having ranges up to 500 nm.
siding -- A short track connected atone or more places
with the main track by switches and used for general
purposes, such as unloading, meeting and/or passing,
etc. Also called a sidetrack, loop siding or passing
siding, and dead end or stub.
signature -- The unique combination of imagery-de-
rived characteristics by which a particular target can
be identified. See indicator. (imagery interpretation)
site -- The place actually occupied, previously oc-
cupied, or to be occupied by a target. See launch site.
small aircraft -- See aircraft classification.
small scale (SS) -- A restricting term used to indicate
that the scale of the photography is smaller than the
minimum which is acceptable for interpretation of a
Approved For Release 2001 f I ~JWE8B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 2J j :(44 DP78B04560A0060000108HI4R-126/67
given target to the degree needed in the context of
the intelligence requirement.
solid propellant -- A propellant consisting of a solid
casting, also called a "grain," usually made of 2
elements, a granular material and a plastic medium
in which the granular material is suspended.
solid rocket test facility -- A test facility where rocket
motors using a solid propellant are test fired. By com-
mon usage the word "propellant" is omitted from the
term.
sorting yard -- See classification yard.
spatial resolution -- The ability of a system to sepa-
rate the images of 2 lines at a given distance. (infrared)
specific heat -- Actually is "specific heat capacity" but
is abbreviated specific heat. It is a figure characteristic
of a specific material and is defined as the heat capac-
ity per unit mass of an object composed of the
material. (infrared)
spectrophotometer -- An instrument for comparing
the intensities at the corresponding wavelengths of
two spectra.
spoil -- Unprocessed waste, such as refuse earth or
rock debris resulting from excavating or dredging.
spur -- Normally a short track diverging from a main
or branch line; connects a specific installation with a
main or branch line.
staging area -- A place used for assembly of troops,
material, and/or vehicles for movement to another
destination. A staging area may contain an open stor-
age area, storage buildings, supplies, troops, and/or
vehicles, and prominent track and trail activity. If in
a location vulnerable to attack or surveillance, maxi-
mum use is made of camouflage and concealment.
(insurgent/infiltration activity)
static -- Static electricity discharges that produce a
developable image on film. The results from 2 types
of discharges produced are:
dendritic static fogging -- Branching, treelike fog
patterns produced on film by a sparklike static
discharge.
corona static fogging -- Irregularly shaped fogged
areas produced on film by a flickering, glowing
static discharge.
static test stand -- See rocket engine test facility_ or
solid rocket test facility as applicable.
stereoscopy -- The binocular examination of pho-
tography in 3-dimensional perspective by the simul-
taneous viewing of the same images on 2 photographs
exposed at different camera stations.
storage building -- A structure used for storage pur-
poses and normally associated with barracks areas,
transshipment areas, and other small installations.
Though usually smaller than a warehouse, size alone
is not the distinguishing factor, other differences
being less elaborate design, semipermanent as
opposed to permanent-type construction, and less
complex cargo-handling facilities. See warehouse.
Size classification of storage buildings according to
floorspace is:
Small -- less than 2,000 sq ft
Medium -- 2,000 to 4,000 sq ft
Large -- more than 4,000 sq ft
storage yard -- A yard in which idle equipment is
held awaiting disposition.
strip map -- A photographic map presentation dis-
played on long strips of film, normally associated
with radar and infrared mapping system outputs.
structural damage -- Destruction, displacement, sev-
erance, or distortion of structural members (trusses,
beams, and columns) to such a degree of severity that
the damaged members cannot be repaired but must be
removed and replaced. The later condition is considered
to exist if the above types of damage to structural
members can be identified by the photo interpreter.
Structural damage includes the following:
Severed trusses.
Sagging structural members.
Framework distortion.
Wall damage to wall-bearing structures.
Purlin damage where truss spacing is over 30 feet.
Holes in roofing material greater than 30 feet along
the length of a framed building where no truss
is visible.
Internal floor damage in industrial buildings or
multistory, wall-bearing buildings, with the ex-
ception of "slab on grade" (i.e., basement floor or
floor resting on the ground).
Holes in reinforced or prestressed concrete struc-
tures where the holes exceed 20 feet in minimum
measurement.
Gutted multistory, wall-bearing buildings. (damage
assessment)
substation -- An electrical installation, not associated
with a powerplant (see switching yard), where electric
power is controlled, compensated, transformed (alter-
nating current only), rectified, or inverted, or combina-
tions of these. A substation is not termed a trans-
former yard. Four types of substations are:
switching substation -- An installation without
transformers where redistribution of power at the
Approved For Release 2Q0,1,(1,~J~,$E~LA-DFP78BO456OA006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 2001iQW.1MQ01 .8B04560A006000010001 JPIC/R-126/67
same voltage is controlled by switches and buses.
If transformers are present, it is termed a trans-
former substation.
transformer substation: -- An installation in
which 1 or more step-down or step-up transformers
are installed to raise or lower alternating current
voltage; it usually contains a switching yard and/or
equipment for each voltage handled.
rectifier substation -- An installation where al-
ternating current is changed (rectified) to direct
current; usually a rectifier substation includes
alternating current transformers and, if so, is
termed a transformer/ rectifier substation.
inverter substation -- An installation where
direct current is changed (inverted) to alternating
current.
Summary Photographic Interpretation Report
(SPIR) -- Normally a second-phase photographic in-
terpretation report compiling and summarizing intel-
ligence information on selected targets imaged on a
mission or a series of missions and published on a
periodic basis. The Summary PI Report series includes
the following:
New and Change PI Report -- Provides a brief
description of all significant targets covered on a
mission and of all installations where a major
change is observed or where more information is
determinable than previously reported.
Order of Battle Summary PI Report -- Provides,
as appropriate, air, naval, ground, electronics, and
certain missile order of battle information on
significant targets covered by one or more missions
or located in a specific geographic area.
summit yard -- See hump yard.
superficial damage -- Damage which can be repaired
without affecting the main structure and without ne-
cessitating replacement of main frame members. By
elimination, it includes all damage other than struc-
tural damage, with the exception of roof disturbance.
The following specific types of damage are classified
as superficial:
Roof stripping (the most common type of super-
ficial damage -- designated where roofing material
is stripped over an area of approximately 40 square
feet or more).
Roof damage to wall-bearing buildings.
Most purlin damage.
Partition (parti-wall) damage (if not load-bearing).
Curtain-wall or panel-wall damage (e.g., the sheet
metal wall of a steel frame building).
Broken windows.
Gutted (burned-out) single-story, wall-bearing
buildings.
Monitor distortion (since monitors are supported
by roof trusses, a careful search should be made
for structural damage). (damage assessment)
superhighway -- A limited access, hard-surfaced, all-
weather divided highway having 2 or more lanes for
each direction. Other terms used for specific types of
highway include freeway, parkway, turnpike, and (in
Germany) autobahn.
suspect (SUSP) -- Evidence is insufficient to permit
designation of a function with any degree of certainty,
but photography or other information provides some
indications of what the function may be.
switching substation -- See substation.
switching yard -- An installation containing step-up
transformers and switching equipment associated with
and normally adjacent to the generator hall of a
powerplant. (electric power)
synergism -- The simultaneous use of individual sen-
sors, or multisensor exploitation, which provides more
complete information than that which is derived from
each of the individual sensors.
T
tailings -- Processed waste refuse material separated
as residue in the preparation of various products, as
in milling of ore.
tank -- A container usually used for the storage of
petroleum products; such containers are of various
capacities and shapes (e.g. cylindrical, spherical,
elliptical). (POL terminology)
target (TGT) -- A specified installation, object, activ-
ity, or geographic area of intelligence interest.
target area -- The environs of a target which might
reasonably encompass associated activity.
target brief -- Consolidated reference, including pho-
to, map, and collateral materials, machine processed
on a given target for use by the photo interpreter pre-
paring a description of that target as seen on a partic-
ular mission for a first- or second-phase report.
target coverage -- Indication as to the partial or
complete portrayal of a target on photography.
partial target coverage -- A target in question
Approved For Release 200?f,JNRDEf1Te78B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 2QIDNPIDE:ofgDP78B04560A006000010'oWf2f -12s/s7
being less than totally portrayed in the photo-
graphic image.
total target coverage -- A target in question being
fully portrayed in the photographic image.
tasking -- Direction to perform, or assignment of
responsibility for the performance of, a specific opera-
tion or to fulfill a related support function.
terminal -- An assemblage of facilities provided by a
railway at a terminus or at an intermediate point for
the handling of passengers or freight, and the receiv-
ing, classifying, assembling, or dispatching of trains.
thermal conduction -- The transfer of thermal energy
from 1 part of an object to another. The transfer
mechanism is molecular motion. (infrared)
thermal convection -- The transfer of thermal energy
from 1 place to another by actual motion of materials.
The material motion is caused by differences in den-
sities. (infrared)
thermal radiation -- The continual radiation of energy
from the surface of all objects above absolute zero.
This energy is called radiant energy and is in the form
of electromagnetic waves. These waves travel with
the velocity of light and are transmitted through a
vaccum as well as through air. (infrared)
third-phase imagery exploitation -- Those actions
which are accomplished by NPIC during the course of
day-to-day activities. These actions, which can have
short- or- long-term deadlines, normally result from
subject category or specific target intelligence needs
rather than the receipt of a new film package.
through track -- A track reserved for moving through
or past a yard or terminal.
total target coverage (T) See target covers e. _
toxic agent -- A chemical, biological, or radiological
material which causes disability, either temporary or
permanent, in humans, animals, or plants.
track -- A route or trace wide enough for use by light
wheeled vehicles, such as animal-drawn carts and'/4-ton
trucks, as may be evidenced by parallel wheel marks.
track resolution -- See radar resolution.
trail -- The poorest class of land route used only by
persons on foot or by animals.
train -- The bombing system which involves the re-
lease of more than 1 bomb at predetermined and
selected intervals, the latter being based on damage
radius of the bomb against a particular target. The
British equivalent of this term is "stick."
transfer table -- A movable platform for transferring
locomotives and rolling stock between parallel tracks;
also known as a traverser.
transformer substation -- See substation.
transloading -- The transfer of freight or passengers
between units of the same mode of transportation.
Term is most commonly used in connection with a
change of rail gauge but is also applicable in other
circumstances.
transmission -- Passage through an object of that
part of radiant energy which is not reflected from or
absorbed by the object. The part which passes through
is said to be transmitted. (infrared)
transmission coefficient -- The ratio inatransmission
medium of the sum of the incident and reflected
waves to the corresponding quality in the incident
wave, at a given frequency, at a given point, and for
a given mode of transmission. (infrared)
transparency -- A positive image on a clear base
which must be viewed by transmitted light. (pho-
tography)-
transshipment -- The transfer of freight and passen-
gers between units of different media of transporta-
tion such as between railroad cars and ships or trucks.
tread road -- A road consisting of 2 strips per lane of
surfacing material, laid parallel so as to support the
tread of vehicles. The tread material can be logs,
planks, sticks and branches, concrete, or stone.
truck park -- See rest and refuel facility. (insurgent/
infiltration activity)
truck stop -- An area used briefly by trucks as an
emergency stop and for rest or for regrouping of
convoys. A truck stop is characterized by an absence
of support facilities and usually depends on heavy
tree cover for concealment. It may consist of a wide
shoulder of a main road, a short parallel road, or
individual vehicle parking slots cut into the vegetation.
(insurgent/infiltration activity)
type -- [verb] To determine differences between pieces
of equipment such as trucks, vans, tanks, artillery
pieces, mortars, and classes of aircraft but not neces-
sarily to identify specific models.
U
unidentified (UI) -- Evidence is insufficient to per-
mit designation of the function, type, or name of a
Approved For Release 200,1{,1.1JMMRAP78B04560A006000010001-1
IAL
 NPIC / R-126/ 67
Approved For Releas?ORD (iNTRDP78B04560A006000010001-1
target to the degree needed in the context of the in-
telligence requirement.
ultraviolet imagery -- That imagery produced as are-
sult of sensing ultraviolet radiations emitted from a
given target surface in the ultraviolet portion of the
electromagnetic spectrum (approximately 10-380 milli-
microns).
unimproved road -- A traveled way over cleared
ground without special provision for drainage or
emphasis on good alignment. The surface may be
smoothed periodically.
unoccupied -- A target which is void of equipment
or personnel.
waste -- A general term, including spoil, tailings,
refuse, garbage, ashes, rubbish, sewage, and material
discarded from any industrial process. In nuclear
terminology, this may be the refuse byproduct of a
chemical separation or reactor process.
way station -- A facility, sometimes referred to as a
liaison/way station, used for support of personnel
moving by foot along an infiltration route. It usually
contains 1 or 2 camouflaged or well concealed struc-
tures and is near a road, stream, or well used trail.
Small plots of row crops may be present. (insurgent/
infiltration activity)
wharf -- A general term for a structure serving as a
berthing place for vessels.
window -- Any gap in a linear continuum. Certain
specific kinds of windows are:
launch window -- An interval of time within which
a rocket or spacecraft must be launched to ac-
complish a particular mission.
recovery window -- An area at the limits of the
earth's sensible atmosphere through which a space-
craft must pass for successful reentry.
atmospheric window -- Those spectral regions
located between the principal absorption bands
of the atmospheric gases which are regions of
maximum infrared energy transmission.
window shadow -- Shadows, light or dark, trailing in
the lee of objects in infrared imagery.
wye -- A track arrangement shaped like the letter
Y and used to reverse the direction of locomotives.
V
vapor vent -- An opening, valve, or automatic device
on a tank which releases excess gases when limiting
pressures are exceeded and thereby maintains a safe
pressure in a tank.
visual imagery -- That imagery produced as a result
of sensing visible light reflected from a given target
surface in the visual portion of the electromagnetic
spectrum (approximately 380-760 millimicrons).
warehouse (WHSE) -- A structure used for storage
purposes and normally found in large military instal-
lations, industrial complexes, supply depots, port areas,
and similar establishments. Though normally larger
than a storage building, size alone is not the determ-
ing factor in distinguishing a warehouse from a
storage building. A warehouse is usually more com-
plex, is of permanent-type construction, and may have
overhead cranes or other cargo-handling equipment,
lighting fixtures on the building or on poles, a hard-
surfaced road network, and loading ramps or docks.
See storage building. Size classification of warehouses
according to floorspace is:
Small - less than 6,000 sq ft
Medium - 6,000 to 12,000 sq ft
Large - more than 12,000 sq ft
warm target -- See emissivity.
washout -- See crossover.
x
X-ray imagery -- That imagery produced as a result
of sensing radiations transmitted through a given
target area in the X-ray portion of the electromagnetic
spectrum (approximately 0.1-10 millimicrons).
Y
yellow -- The color which is complementary to the
color blue. Yellow absorbs blue light and is therefore
also referred to as a minus blue. It is one of the sub-
tractive primary colors, the others being cyan and
magenta. (color photography)
Approved For Release 2Q ( t1 EN--PP78B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 2001/11/19 : CIA-RDP78BO456OA006000010001-1
Approved For Release 2001/11/19 : CIA-RDP78BO456OA006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 2j(QN14'0E AtDP78B04560A006000010ff'fc4R-126/67
CATEGORICAL LISTINGS
color -- The sensation produced by light of different
wavelengths throughout the visible portion of the
electromagnetic spectrum.
electromagnetic radiation -- Energy emitted or re-
flected in the form of electromagnetic waves which
include, in order of increasing wavelength, cosmic
rays, gamma rays, X rays, ultraviolet radiation, visual
light, infrared radiation, microwave radiation, and
radio waves.
electromagnetic spectrum -- The total frequency
range of electromagnetic radiation. See electromag-
netic radiation.
imagery -- A recorded representation of an object
either visual or convertible to a medium suitable for
interpretation.
laser -- An acronym formed from the initial letters of
words in the phrase: light amplification by stimulated
emission of radiation.
multisensor -- A term pertaining to an integrated
system designed to record imagery from different
portions of the electromagnetic spectrum in support
of all-weather data acquisition roles.
multispectral imagery -- That imagery which is pro-
duced as a result of combining 2 or more types of
sensings on a single image format, thus producing a
compound target image, i.e. infrared (camouflage
detection) film.
plottable imagery -- That cultural and geographical
imagery which can be related to corresponding map
detail. The coverage may include the limiting aspects
to image interpretation such as cloud cover, cloud
shadow, haze, obliquity, semidarkness, ground cover,
snow, camouflage, ground resolution, etc. See limit-
ing conditions.
sensor -- 1. A technical device extending man's
natural senses which is designed to respond to physi-
cal stimulus (e.g. light, heat, cold, motion) and
transmit a resulting impulse for interpretation, meas-
urement, or operating a control. 2. A device or equip-
ment which responds to energy reflected or emitted
by both natural and cultural phenomena and records
this energy in the form of imagery.
synergism -- The simultaneous use of individual
sensors, or multisensor exploitation, which provides
more complete information than that which is derived
from each of the individual sensors.
ultraviolet imagery -- That imagery produced as a
result of sensing ultraviolet radiations emitted from a
given target surface in the ultraviolet portion of the
electromagnetic spectrum (approximately 10 -380milli-
microns).
visual imagery -- That imagery produced as a result
of sensing visible light reflected from a given target
surface in the visual portion of the electromagnetic
spectrum (approximately 380 - 760 millimicrons).
X-ray imagery -- That imagery produced as a result
of sensing radiations transmitted through a given
target area in the X-ray portion of the electromagnetic
spectrum (approximately 0.1 - 10 millimicrons).
absorber -- An object which readily "soaks up" radia-
tion; a good absorber reflects poorly and is a good
emitter.
absorption coefficient -- A number characterizing the
ability of a given material to absorb or attenuate
radiations of a specified energy. The linear absorption
coefficient expresses this ability per unit thickness
and is stated in units of reciprocal length or thickness.
The mass absorption coefficient is equal to the linear
absorption coefficient divided by the density of the
absorbing material; it is a measure of the absorption
ability per unit mass.
apparent radiance -- The radiant power perunit solid
angle from a source as witnessed by an airborne
detector. The apparent radiance is directly related to
tone on infrared imagery.
atmospheric window -- Those spectral regionslocat-
ed between the principal absorption bands of the
atmospheric gases which are regions of maximum
infrared energy transmission.
attenuation -- The reduction in the intensity of radia-
tion on passage through matter where the effect is
usually due to absorption and scattering. Reduction of
radiation intensity caused by the atmosphere is called
atmospheric attenuation.
black body -- A hypothetical object which absorbs
all, and reflects none, of the radiation incident on its
surface. A black body is also the perfect emitter. As
the name implies, a black body can usually be approxi-
mated by black, sooty surfaces.
cold target -- See emissivity.
Approved For Release 20ebNlflbEf4-t~TP78B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 200to1' J1PI DElN j Ft78B04560A006000010004 IC/R-126/67
cool target -- See emissivity.
crossover -- A condition in which there is a loss of
contrast between 2 adjacent objects on infrared
imagery. The term is sometimes used to denote tem-
perature crossovers but is more properly used to
denote radiometric temperature crossover.
defector -- The sensitive element of the infrared
sensor which responds to differences in energy inci-
dent upon it.
emissivity -- The ratio of radiation emitted by a sur-
face to the radiation emitted by a "black body" at the
same temperature and under the same conditions.
This may be expressed for the total radiation from all
wavelengths or for restricted bands of wavelengths.
Targets are described in relation to their apparent
emissivity. The following categories are generalized
target descriptions (assuming a target and its back-
ground have the same emissivity factor):
warm target -- A target that is warmer than its
background will image much brighter than its
background.
hot target -- A target that is much warmer than
its background will image much brighter than its
background.
cool target -- A target that is cooler than its back-
ground will image darker than its background.
cold target -- A target that is much colder than
its background will image much darker than its
background.
heat capacity -- The ratio of the heat supplied to an
object to the corresponding temperature rise of that
object which, in turn, affects the amount of infrared
radiation.
hot target -- See emissivity.
infrared (IR) -- Electromagnetic radiations of wave-
length between 0.72 microns (7,200 angstroms) and
about 1,000 microns (1 millimeter).
infrared film -- Film which is chemically sensitized so
as to respond to both infrared radiations and visible
light in that portion of the electromagnetic spectrum
where visible light and infrared overlap (approximately
0.72 microns). The resolution of this film is basically
dependent on visible light.
infrared imagery -- That imagery produced as a result
of sensing electromagnetic radiations emitted from a
given target surface in the infrared portion of the
electromagnetic spectrum (approximately 0.72 to 1,000
microns).
infrared radiation -- Energy emitted or reflected in
the form of electromagnetic waves in the infrared
portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Wavelengths
of infrared radiation range from 0.72 microns to about
1,000 microns (1 millimeter) and are frequently divided,
in order of increasing wavelength, into near, middle,
and far infrared. See electromagnetic radiation.
infrared resolution -- The size of the smallest element
that can be resolved which is approximately equal to
the dimensions of the instantaneous field of view
(IFV). The IFV is determined by the detector size,
the focal length of the optical system, and the altitude
of the aircraft. The IFV varies with obliquity.
instantaneous field of view (IFV) -- The smallest
solid angle resolvable by a scanner when expressed in
degrees. When expressed in feet, it is the projected
area of the detector image on the ground and is a
measure of the resolution of a scanner.
milliradian -- One thousandth of a radian. It is ap-
proximately the angle subtended by an are 1 foot in
length at 1,000 feet and is the basic factor in determin-
ing ground resolution of a given system.
overload (override) -- A situation in which radio-
metric temperatures of targets are beyond set limits of
an infrared system resulting in shadow-like effects
ruining contrast and obscuring detail; also referred to
as detector saturation.
radiance resolution -- The smallest detectable differ-
ence between the radiance of 2 regions of the object
being imaged. Radiance resolution is sometimes in-
correctly called temperature resolution.
scan line -- An image line corresponding to 1 revolu-
tion of a single plane mirror. A 4-sided mirror system
will create 4 scan lines on the resultant imagery dur-
ing a single revolution.
spatial resolution -- The ability of a system to sepa-
rate the images of 2 lines at a given distance.
specific heat -- Actually is "specific heat capacity"
but is abbreviated specific heat. It is a figure charac-
teristic of a specific material and is defined as the
heat capacity per unit mass of an object composed
of the material.
thermal conduction -- The transfer of thermal energy
from 1 part of an object to another. The transfer
mechanism is molecular motion.
thermal convection -- The transfer of thermal energy
from 1 place to another by actual motion of materials.
The material motion is caused by differences in
densities.
thermal radiation -- The continual radiation of energy
from the surface of all objects above absolute zero.
Approved For Release 200EMENTIAL78BO456OA006000010001-1
 AI ln~~~~~~TT NPIC/R-126/67
Approved For Release 20r 0.1 NA U) - 78B04560A006000010001-1
This energy is called radiant energy and is in the form
of electromagnetic waves. These waves travel with the
velocity of light and are transmitted through a vacuum
as well as through air.
transmission -- Passage through an object of that part
of radiant energy which is not reflected from or
absorbed by the object. The part which passes through
is said to be transmitted.
transmission coefficient -- The ratio inatransmission
medium of the sum of the incident and reflected waves
to the corresponding quantity in the incident wave, at
a given frequency, at a given point, and for a given
mode of transmission.
warm target -- See emissivity.
washout -- See crossover.
wind shadow -- Shadows, light or dark, trailing inthe
lee of objects in infrared imagery.
azimuth resolution -- See radar resolution.
radar imagery -- That imagery produced as a result
of sensing radar waves reflected from a given target
surface in the radar portion of the electromagnetic
spectrum (approximately 300 - 70,000 megacycles).
radar resolution:
range resolution -- The minimum size of objects
and the space between them that will show as
separate returns on the radarscope when 1 object
is farther than the other in range.
track resolution (azimuth) -- The minimum size
of objects and the space between them that will
show when the targets are aligned parallel to the
flight path.
range resolution -- See radar resolution.
scan rate -- One complete rotation of a radar antenna
and, therefore, the time base.
track resolution -- See radar resolution.
Photography and Photogrammetry
air base -- The distance between 2 exposure stations
(points in space occupied by the camera lens at the
moment of exposure).
Altitude Correction Graph (ACG) -- A graph depict-
ing basic mission parameters for the determination of
the scale of certain types of photography.
autopositive -- Film or paper on which a positive
image is made from a positive transparency by direct
development.
color photography terms:
brightness -- A color dimension ranging from
dark to light (e.g. dark orange, medium brown,
light greenish blue).
chromaticity -- The quality of light as determined
by its dominant wavelength and purity.
color balance -- The relative degree to which a
photographic emulsion can reproduce all colors
approximately as the eye sees them.
color compensating filter -- An optical device
which alters the chromaticity of the light it trans-
mits. It is used to absorb undesired colors and to
transmit desired colors.
color coupler -- A chemical compound which is
capable of reacting during the photographic de-
velopment process to produce a cyan, magenta, or
yellow dye.
color description -- The naming of colors imaged
on photography according to their principal colors,
their subordinate colors, and their degrees of
brightness. NPIC usage limits the number of princi-
pal and subordinate color describers to 10 each and
the number of brightness describers to 3. These
describers are listed in the following chart. A
description of a color may consist of only a
principal color or of any combination of a principal
color with a subordinate color and/or a brightness
describer (e.g. olive, bluish green, dark brown,
light brownish orange). The chart does not list the
terms black, grey, and white, but these terms
may be used as describers.
Brightness Subordinate Principal
Describer Color Color
Dark Violet Violet
Medium Purplish Purple
Light Bluish Blue
Greenish Green
Yellow Yellow
Orange Orange
Reddish Red
Brownish Brown
Olive Olive
Pinkish Pink
colorimeter -- An instrument for measuring the
luminous intensity of a color relative to a
standard.
Approved For Release 20(101 M) MP78B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 20tONffiM 78B04560A0060000100f JF/R-126/67
cyan -- The term applied to the blue-green color
which is complementary to the color red. Cyan
absorbs red light and is therefore also referred to
as a minus red. It is one of the subtractive pri-
mary colors, the others being yellow and magenta.
duplicate positive color -- A copy of the original
color positive record. The colors and tones may
have been altered during the reproduction process
to produce a corrected duplicate color positive in
which the colors more closely resemble those of
the original subject than does the original color
positive.
magenta -- The blue-red color which is comple-
mentary to the color green. Magenta absorbs
green light and is therefore also referred to as a
minus green. It is one of the subtractive primary
colors, the others being yellow and cyan.
neutral density filter -- An optical device which
does not alter the chromaticity of the light it
transmits.
original positive color -- The original photogra-
phic color record which has been exposed in the
camera and processed and whose colors approxi-
mate those of the original subject.
spectrophotometer -- An instrument for compar-
ing the intensities at the corresponding wave-
lengths of 2 spectra.
yellow -- The color which is complementary to
the color blue. Yellow absorbs blue light and is
therefore also referred to as a minus blue. It is
one of the subtractive primary colors, the others
being cyan and magenta.
corona static fogging -- See static.
definition -- A subjective term indicating thefineness
of detail observed on the imagery obtained from any
image collection system. The standards of definition
are affected by the system resolutions and the range
of image contrast.
dendritic static fogging -- See static.
depth of field -- The distance between points nearest
and farthest from the camera which are acceptably
sharp.
depth of focus -- The allowable error in lens-to-film
distance within which an acceptably sharp image of
the subject focused upon will still be obtained.
diapositive -- See transparency.
diffusion -- The scattering of light rays reflected from
a rough surface or during the transmission of light
through a translucent medium.
direct positive -- See autopositive.
dispersion -- The separation of a single ray of white
light into a group of colored rays by a prism or other
optical means.
duplicate positive (DP) -- See positive.
exposure -- The function of the duration of time and
the intensity of illumination upon photographic
material.
false parallax -- The apparent vertical displacement
of an object from its true position when viewed
stereoscopically, due to movement of the object itself
as well as to change in the point of observation.
feet per side -- See ground resolution.
fiducial mark -- A standard geometrical reference
point imaged at the margin of a photograph. The
intersection of the primary fiducial marks usually
defines the principal point.
flare -- A fogged or dense area on a photographic
negative caused by nonfocused light reaching the
photosensitive emulsion; this results either from in-
ternal camera reflections or from such external media
as the atmosphere, water, or highly reflective objects.
frame -- One of a series of full-format photographs
comprising a roll of film.
generation -- The number of reproductive steps by
which a negative or positive photographic copy is
separated from the original. Thus the original negative
would be the first generation; any positive made from
the original negative would be a second generation
copy; any duplicate negative made from a second
generation positive would be a third generation copy,
and any positive made from the third generation dup-
licate negative would be a fourth generation copy.
ground resolution -- The ground size equivalent of
the smallest still resolved image and its associated
space, usually expressed in feet per side.
halation -- A spreading of light beyond its truebound-
aries from bright parts of a photographic image into
adjacent darker parts as a result of reflection from
the back surface of the film or plate.
heterostereoscopy -- See stereoscopy.
holiday -- A gap in the photographic coverage of a
surface.
Approved For Release 20I1Al19fbMP78B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Release MORON DcElN k78B04560A00600001000fl1Ic/R-126/67
inverted stereo -- See stereoscopy.
lines per millimeter -- See photographic resolution.
monoscopic coverage -- That photography in which
the entire frame must be viewed in 2-dimensional
perspective, lacking the capability of being viewed
stereoscopically in combination with adjacent frames.
negative -- A sensitized plate or film which has been
exposed in a camera and which has the lights and
shades in inverse order to those of the original sub-
ject. The plate or film does not become a negative
until it is exposed and processed.
nonstereo (NS) -- Pertains to that mode of coverage
for a given target or area in which only 1 photograph-
ic image exists, precluding the condition for stereo-
scopic viewing.
obliquity (0) -- That condition in which the optical
axis of the camera is tilted appreciably from the verti-
cal, often limiting detailed analysis.
orthostereoscopy -- See stereoscopy.
parallax -- The apparent displacement of the position
of an object in relation to a reference point, due to a
change in the point of observation.
photo base -- 1. The length of the air base as defined
on the photograph. (mensuration) 2. The accumula-
tion of photocoverage over a target area for the ex-
press purpose of creating a comparative file in relation
to prospective coverage.
photographic quality -- A result of the camera sys-
tem, processing, and film handling. Good photograph-
ic quality encompasses all the criteria for good image
quality with the exception of unavoidable degradations
not associated with the taking system, i.e. atmospher-
ics, snow cover, etc.
photographic resolution -- A measure of the smallest
array of point objects distinguishable as independent
point images, frequently expressed in lines per milli-
meter, where "line" refers to the distance between
centers of 2 distinguishable point images.
positive -- A photograph having the same approximate
rendition of light and shade as the original subject.
print -- A photographic copy made by projection or
contact printing from a photographic negative or
from a transparent drawing.
pseudostereoscopy -- See stereoscopy.
rectification -- The mathematical, optical-mechanical,
or graphical procedure by which a tilted aerial photo-
graph is converted into one having no tilt.
restitution -- The process of determining the true
planimetric position of objects whose images appear
on aerial photographs.
reversed stereo -- See stereoscopy.
scale -- The ratio of a distance measured on a map,
photograph, mosaic, etc., to the corresponding distance
on the ground. Scales of air photography are classified
as follows:
Very large 1:6,000 and larger
Large 1:6,000 to 1:12,000
Medium 1:12,000 to 1:30,000
Small 1:30,000 to 1:70,000
Very small 1:70,000 and smaller
scan rate -- The speed of travel across the focal plane
by the exposure slit; measurement is usually given in
radians per second.
static -- Static electricity discharges that produce a
developable image on film. The results from 2 types
of discharges produced are:
dendritic static fogging -- Branching, treelike fog
patterns produced on film by a sparklike static
discharge.
corona static fogging -- Irregularly shaped fogged
areas produced on film by a flickering, glowing
static discharge.
stereoscopy -- The binocular examination of photog-
raphy in 3-dimensional perspective by the simulta-
neous viewing of the same images on 2 photographs
exposed at different camera stations. Definitions of
various types of stereoscopy follow:
heterostereoscopy -- Stereo viewing of a target
in a stereogram composed of images photographed
with a different time element to portray the follow-
ing aspects: snow and nonsnow, foliage and non-
foliage, displacement caused by movement, change
in buildings status, camouflage, etc.
h y p e r s t e r e o s c o p y -- Stereoscopic viewing in
which the scale along the line of sight is exagger-
ated in comparison with scale perpendicular to
line of sight.
inverted stereo -- Three-dimensional impression
of relief which is the reverse of that actually
existing.
orthostereoscopy -- A condition wherein thehori-
zontal and vertical distances in a stereoscopic
model appear to be at the same scale.
pseudostereoscopy -- An impression of 3-dimen-
sional relief derived by means of binocular vision
and the use of identical images.
reversed stereo -- See inverted stereo.
Approved For Release 20TOJVF?DMFff 78BO456OA00600001 0001 -1
 Approved For Release 2c@d 1 EN ADP78B04560A006000010d6lIC/R-126/67
transparency -- A positive image on a clear base
which must be viewed by transmitted light.
backlog -- An accumulation of unworked or uncom-
pleted tasks.
combat reconnaissance -- Reconnaissance programs
conducted in direct support of forces engaged in com-
bat. At the national level, such programs are tasked
and managed by the JCS.
data base -- An orderly accumulation of information
on a subject which may serve as the basis for subse-
quent updating. In imagery interpretation, an orderly
accumulation of image-derived information on a select-
ed target or targets.
exploitation - Making use of imagery for purposes
of obtaining information of value to producers of
finished intelligence. This process includes converting
latent images into forms from which useful informa-
tion can be extracted by means of imagery interpre-
tation. Two types of exploitation are:
basic intelligence support exploitation -- Imag-
ery interpretation effort undertaken to maintain a
flow of basic image-derived information on specific
targets for more than 1 agency, department, or
command. In practice, image-derived information
on a specific target is collated in an authoritative
basic report (data base) in a form which meets
user needs, and this report is updated, periodically
or as required by appropriate authority, with
image-derived information acquired from each suc-
cessive reconnaissance mission.
direct intelligence support exploitation -- Imag-
ery interpretation effort undertaken in direct and
timely support of the assigned mission of any
agency, department, or command. This is a
dynamic, on-demand process in which imagery
interpretation resources are applied to meet chang-
ing intelligence needs which cannot be satisfied
by basic intelligence support exploitation.
imagery exploitation, phases of:
first-phase imagery exploitation -- Those actions
which are expeditiously accomplished by NPIC
upon receiving film and within approximately 24
to 72 hours from receipt. These actions are related
to those highest priority targets which are imaged
on a specific mission as well as new, significant,
perishable and/or similar highest priority data.
second-phase imagery exploitation -- Those ac-
tions which are accomplished by NPIC upon receipt
of film but are subsequent to commencement of
first-phase actions on that film.
third-phase imagery exploitation -- Those ac-
tions which are accomplished by NPIC during the
course of day-to-day activities. These actions,
which can have short- or long-term deadlines,
normally result from subject category or specific
target intelligence needs rather than the receipt
of a new film package.
image intelligence -- See photographic intelligence.
image interpretation -- See photographic interpreta-
tion.
interpretation -- Extraction from imagery ofinforma-
tion contributing to the synthesized body of knowledge
which constitutes intelligence.
mission (MSN or M) -- The completed photographic
flight of 1 or more vehicles.
photo base -- 1. The length of the air base as defined
on the photograph. (mensuration) 2. Theaccumula-
tion of photocoverage over a target area for the ex-
press purpose of creating a comparative file in relation
to prospective coverage.
photographic coverage -- The extent to which an
area is covered by photography from 1 mission or
a series of missions or in a period of time. Coverage
in this sense conveys the idea of the availability of
photography and is not a synonym of the word,
photography.
photographic intelligence -- The collected products
of photographic interpretation, classified and evaluated
for intelligence use.
photographic interpretation -- The use of systems,
techniques, or processes of analyzing imagery in order
to produce significant, reliable, and detailed informa-
tion concerning the natural or cultural features of the
area photographed and to determine or infer the
factors which the observable presence, condition, or
use of these features imply.
photographic reading -- The simple recognition of
natural or cultural features from photography without
evaluation.
scan -- A careful viewing of the photography (imag-
ery) from a mission in order to report information on
known targets and on new targets of significance.
See scan rate.
Approved For Release 20MMAMMLP78B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 20fOa1W[78B04560A0060000100c1/R-126/67
search -- A comprehensive examination of all photog-
raphy (imagery) covering a specific type of target(s)
within a designated geographic area and time frame.
target (TGT) -- A specified installation, object, acti-
vity, or geographic area of intelligence interest.
Certain specific types of targets are as follows:
bonus target -- A target other than a programed
target which is being reported for the first time
by NPIC.
change target -- A previously reported target
showing a major change or a target where analysis
of current photography furnishes more precise
information.
new target -- A previously known or newly identi-
fied target reported for the first time by NPIC.
order-of-battle target -- A target where order of
battle can be determined.
target area -- The environs of a target which might
reasonably encompass associated activity.
target coverage -- Indication as to the partial or
complete portrayal of a target on photography.
partial target coverage -- A target in question
being less than totally portrayed in the photo-
graphic image.
total target coverage -- A target in question
being fully portrayed in the photographic image.
tasking -- Direction to perform, or assignment of re-
sponsibility for the performance of, a specific opera-
tion or to fulfill a related support function.
Interpretation
activity -- Physical manifestation of change indicating
a state of action. Frequently used with changes which
cannot be given a clear and concise identification such
as unidentified military activity, track activity, or
construction activity.
confirm -- [verb] To classify as firm a function or
target previously not so classified.
confirmed -- [adj] Denoting a function or target now
classified as firm but not previously so classified.
cratology -- The technique used in attempting to
identify an object by the she, shape, color, and other
characteristics of its container, including the method
by which it is stored or shipped.
credence qualifiers -- Terms designating varying de-
grees of credence in the identification of targets and
their functions are as follows:
firm -- Evidence is sufficient to permit a definite
identification of a function or target.
probable (PROB) -- Evidence for the designated
function is strong, and other functions appear
quite doubtful.
possible (POSS) -- Evidence indicates that the
designated function is reasonable and more likely
than other functions considered.
suspect (SUSP) -- Evidence is insufficient to per-
mit designation of a function with any degree of
certainty, but photography or other information
provides some indications of what the function
may be.
detect -- To observe a natural or cultural feature on
photography.
identification only (IDO) -- Target can be identified
on photography, but limiting conditions preclude in-
terpretation. See limiting conditions and interpreta-
bility.
identify -- To establish the descriptive and/or func-
tional name of some object or pattern detected on
photography.
indicator -- Any feature or pattern of features which
suggests the presence of a target or activity or which
may suggest the function of a target or activity. A
single indicator does not permit positive identification
of a target, activity, or function, but a combination of
indicators may constitute a signature. See signature.
interpretability -- Suitability of the imagery with re-
spect to answering requirements on a given type of
target. Various factors affect interpretability such as
halation, uncompensated image motion, poor contrast,
incorrect focus, vacuum plate failure, improper film
processing, atmospheric conditions (both natural and
manmade), ground resolution, and insufficient natural
or artificial lighting of the target. The 3 levels of
interpretability are:
poor interpretability (P) -- Unsuitable for ade-
quately answering requirements on a given type
of target.
fair interpretability (F) -- Suitable for answering
requirements on a given type of target but with
only average detail.
good interpretability (G) -- Suitable for answer-
ing requirements on a given type of target in
considerable detail.
levels of activity:
abandoned -- Status of an identified target or
component thereof determined from photography
to be not in use and unoccupied and not in a
condition to be of immediate use.
Approved For Release 20d'- J - 1P78B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 20Q b lr j1 P78B04560A00600001009l W/R-126/67
levels of activity (continued):
active -- Status of an identified target or compo-
nent thereof determined to be currently operating
or in use.
dismantled -- Status of an identified target or a
component thereof for which there is photographic
evidence that the target is being taken down, re-
moved, or otherwise being disposed of.
inactive -- Status of an identified targetorcompo-
nent thereof determined from photography to be
currently not in use, although the capability for
immediate use may exist.
occupied -- A target inhabited or containing ade-
quate equipment to accomplish its purpose.
operational -- A target capable of accomplishing
a destined function.
serviceable -- A target capable of being used.
unoccupied -- A target which is void of equipment
or personnel.
locate -- 1. To find or establish the site of a known
installation on the actual aerial photograph. 2. To
find or show the position on a map of an installation
or site seen on a photograph; after the installation or
site has been seen, the photographic interpreter may
locate it with regard to geographic coordinates.
limiting conditions -- Time, weather, and/or man-
made factors hindering interpretability of a given tar-
get. Conditions affecting interpretability (except snow
and camouflage which are self explanatory) are as
follows:
clear (C) -- Target area is free of clouds and haze.
scattered cloud cover (SC) -- Clouds cover some
portions of a target area.
heavy cloud cover (HC) -- Clouds cover most of
a target area.
cloud covered (CC) -- Clouds completely obscure
a target area.
cloud shadow (CS) -- All or portions of a target
area are darkened by shadows from clouds.
haze (H) -- All or portions of a target area are
obscured by a thin vapor of suspended fog, smoke,
dust, etc., in the air.
semidarkness (SD) -- Insufficient illumination
limits interpretation of a target.
darkness (D) -- Lack of illumination completely
obscures a target area.
ground cover (GC) -- The natural terrain or
vegetational cover which obscures or creates a
defilade for the target in question as imaged on
limiting conditions (continued):
an aerial photograph.
small scale (SS) -- A restricting term used to
indicate that the scale of the photography is
smaller than the minimum which is acceptable for
interpretation of a given target to the degree need-
ed in the context of the intelligence requirement.
ground resolution -- The ground size equivalent
of the smallest still resolved image and its associ-
ated space, usually expressed in feet per side.
obliquity (0) -- That condition in which the optical
axis of the camera is tilted appreciably from the
vertical, often limiting detailed analysis.
modification -- The physical alteration of a vehicle, a
piece of equipment, or an installation so as to change
its capabilities or characteristics but not its basic
design. See new generation.
negate -- To ascertain that a target previously sus-
pected or reported as existing does not exist or cannot
be so identified.
negation -- The act of negating.
negation date -- Date of the most recent photography
on which there is no evidence of the target.
negation list -- A list of negated targets.
new generation -- A vehicle, a piece of equipment,
or an installation of a markedly new design created to
fulfill a new requirement or to incorporate a new
concept. See modification.
no apparent change (NAC) -- The physical aspects
of a target, as imaged on the photography in question,
appear to be essentially the same as on prior coverage
of the target.
order of battle (OB) -- The identification, strength,
command structure, and disposition of the personnel,
units, and equipment of any military force, or any
part thereof.
recognize -- To establish that an object, pattern, or
installation under study on a photograph was known
before.
signature -- The unique combination of imagery-de-
rived characteristics by which a particular target can
be identified. See indicator.
type -- [verb] To determine differences between pieces
of equipment such as trucks, vans, tanks, artillery
pieces, mortars, and classes of aircraft but not neces-
sarily to identify specific models.
Approved For Release 20Q161~/a6.bWRAP78B04560A006000010001-1
IAL
 Approved For Release 20WNhk}W-k%P78B04560A0060000100ffIC11-126/67
unidentified (UI) -- Evidence is insufficient to permit
designation of the function, type, or name of a target
to the degree needed in the context of the intelligence
requirement.
Reporting
Altitude Correction Graph (ACG) -- A graph depict-
ing basic mission parameters for the determination of
the scale of certain types of photography.
annotation -- Words, phrases, figures, or symbols
placed on photographs or drawings for explanatory
purposes. Annotations are used to indicate items or
areas of special importance.
blip sheet -- NPIC nickname for target briefs.
Brief Photographic Interpretation Report (BPIR) --
A second- or third-phase report, the scope of which is
limited to a single sheet format. The second-phase
brief reports a new target of significance which was
not reported in an IPIR or it augments an IPIR about
the new target; the second-phase brief may also report
a target displaying significant change which was not
reported in an IPIR or it augments an IPIR about the
significant change. The third-phase brief is a report of
limited length and content in answer to a requirement
levied on NPIC for new information on an established
target or to a requirement initiated by NPIC for re-
porting targets of opportunity.
coverage index -- One of a series of overlays showing
all photographic reconnaissance missions covering the
map sheet to which the overlays refer.
detailed photographic coverage plot -- A graphical
plot overlay keyed to a WAC (1:1,000,000), depicting
the geographic location of mission photography.
Detailed Photographic Interpretation Report
(DPIR) -- A third-phase photographic interpretation
report presenting the results of a thorough analysis
and a considered interpretation of all pertinent pho-
tography of a specific target or targets.
Immediate Photographic Interpretation Report
(IPIR) -- A first-phase photographic interpretation re-
port presenting the results of the initial scan and
analysis of new photography in answer to specific
requirements on the highest priority targets.
Mission Coverage Index (MCI) -- An obsolete title
for a second-phase photographic interpretation report
consisting of an organized list containing references
and brief descriptions of targets of intelligence interest
imaged on the photography of a given mission or
missions. Publication of MCIs was discontinued in
July 1965.
Mission Coverage Plots (MCP) -- A technical publi-
cation providing the photographic coverage plots of
an entire mission of photography.
Mission Coverage Plot Summary (MCPS) -- A
graphic plot overlay, keyed to a 1:15,000,000 map,
depicting the plottable photographic coverage of an
entire mission of photography.
Mission Index Photographic Interpretation Report
(MIPIR) -- A first-phase photographic interpretation
report presenting an organized list of all targets of
intelligence interest imaged on the photography of a
given mission or missions. Targets are identified by
name with notations of photo reference, photo quality,
and atmospheric conditions. This type of report is no
longer published.
Photographic Evaluation Report (PER) -- A technical
publication expressing the photo quality results of a
mission of photography. Emphasis is placed on the
negative aspects of the results to guide those con-
cerned in applying appropriate corrections.
Photographic Intelligence Listing -- A list of photo-
graphic reports produced or received by the National
Photographic Interpretation Center; it is in 3 parts
and lists the reports by originator, by general subject,
and alphabetically.
pilot's trace -- An annotated overlay or map compiled
with the assistance of the pilot of a photographic
mission. It may contain the following information:
ground track of the reconnaissance aircraft; camera
designation; location of camera operation; indicated
altitudes at specified check points; recorded times at
specified check points; and estimated cloud cover ob-
served along the flight line.
plot -- An overlay or map depicting the geographic
coverage of a photographic mission.
Preliminary Mission Coverage Plot Summary
(Pre MCPS) -- A composite graphic depicting the pre-
dicted areas of photographic coverage as determined
from preliminary information.
strip map -- A photographic map presentation dis-
played on long strips of film, normally associated with
radar and infrared mapping system outputs.
Summary Photographic Interpretation Report (SPIR)
-- Normally a second-phase photographic interpre-
tation report compiling and summarizing intelli-
gence information on selected targets imaged on a
mission or a series of missions and published on a
periodic basis. The Summary PI Report series include
the following:
Approved For Release 20E15N1I)fRP78B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 20CQON'P D I W78B04560A00600001000'11C/R-126/67
Summary Photographic Interpretation Report
(continued):
New and Change PI Report -- Provides a brief
description of all significant targets covered on a
mission and of all installations where a major
change is observed or where more information is
determinable than previously reported.
Order of Battle Summary PI Report -- Provides,
as appropriate, air, naval, ground, electronics,
and certain missile order-of-battle information on
significant targets covered by 1 or more missions
or located in a specific geographic area.
target brief -- Consolidated reference, including
photo, map, and collateral materials, machine pro-
cessed on a given target for use by the photo inter-
preter preparing a description of that target as seen
on a particular mission for a first- or second-phase
report.
interface -- 1. The mating surfaces at which 2 inter-
dependent components join. 2. The point at which
2 independent systems meet and act upon or com-
municate with each other.
on-line -- Descriptive of a production function con-
nected directly to the central data processing unit for
automatic response to requirements.
real time -- 1. Time in which reporting on events or
recording of events is simultaneous with the events.
2. That time during which information on data is
processed in a sufficiently rapid manner so that the
results of the processing are available to influence the
process being monitored or controlled.
installation components:
area -- 1. A particular space or surface, e.g. an
area of unidentified construction, an unidentified
area. 2. A facility serving a special function and
one that may be composed of 2 or more subordi-
nate units called sections or sites, and usually 1
element of a larger facility which may be design-
ated as a complex or center. See launch area.
installation (INSTLN) -- A facility in a fixed or
relatively fixed location, together with its build-
ings, building equipment, and subsidiary facilities
installation components (continued):
such as piers, spurs, access roads, beacons, etc.
section -- A distinct part of an area that accom-
plishes a part of the area's functions or serves the
area in some other way, e.g. industrial section
of Area A or, in missiles terminology, the techni-
cal section of a site support facility.
site -- The place actually occupied, previously
occupied, or to be occupied by a target. See
launch site.
Missile Installations
access road -- A road branching from the complex
main road to provide access to a launch area and/or
group.
center service road -- The road within thelaunch site
between the pads that provides access from the rear
of the site to the forward loop road connecting the
pads.
complex main road -- The road connecting the access
roads to the complex support facility and rail-to-road
transfer point with the launch areas and/or groups.
complex support facility -- The road- and rail-served
installation constituting the logistic, construction, and
maintenance support base of the launch complex.
hold revetment -- An on-site prepared position(s)
used for parking spare missiles.
launch area -- 1. (SSM) The component of a surface-
to-surface missile (MRBM, IRBM, ICBM) complex
which may include the launch site with its launch posi-
tions, road network, missile-ready buildings, nuclear
warhead/nosecone handling facility, and the site sup-
port facility. 2. (SAM) Any designated location having
the necessary equipment to launch surface-to-air
missiles. 3. (AMM) The component of an antimissile-
missile complex which includes the launch sites and
the facilities within the immediate vicinity of the
launch sites.
launch complex -- An integrated association of launch
areas and/or groups and logistic support elements
which may include a complex support facility, rail-to-
road transfer point, and nuclear weapons handling
facilities.
launch group -- A group of single silo sites intercon-
nected by cable(s) and containing 1 or more control
facilities.
launch pad -- A permanent or semipermanent load-
bearing surface on which a missile launcher can be
placed.
Approved For Release 20Q,160t Ig EP 78B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 20041 I' f. PE iTII N 78BO456OA006000010001-1c/R-126/67
launch position -- A prepared place from which a
missile can be launched (specifically, a silo, revetment,
pad, platform, emplacement, etc).
launch silo -- A vertical underground missile shelter
designed to contain a missile and the necessary equip-
ment to launch it or to lift it to a launch attitude.
launch site -- 1. A facility consisting of 1 or more
launch positions and the related buildings and/or
equipment necessary to effect the launch of surface-
to-surface or antimissile missiles. 2. A facility for the
launching of surface-to-air missiles which may include
a launch area consisting of 1 or more launch posi-
tions, a guidance area, 1 or more missile-hold posi-
tions, and a support area.
missile assembly and checkout facility -- The com-
ponent(s) of a missile support facility at a test center
used for assembly and checkout of a missile prior to
its movement to a launch site or in recycling.
missile launch site construction (single-silo sites) --
Identifiable stages of construction are:
early stage -- Evidence of clearing and grading,
or open-cut excavation, or of silo coring.
midstage -- Evidence that silo is under construc-
tion, that silo appears finished to surface level,
or that backfilling of silo is under way.
late stage -- Evidence that silo door(s) is (are)
installed, that final backfilling is complete, and
that grading is under way.
complete -- Evidence that elements are complete
and roads are paved.
missile-ready building -- A road-served drive-in or
drive-through building at deployed soft surface-to-
surface or antimissile-missile launch sites providing
facilities for the preparation, storage, and maintenance
of a missile in a ready-to-launch condition.
missile RIM facility or building -- The place at a
deployed hard missile launch complex where a missile
is received, inspected, and/or maintained.
ammunition storage area -- A storage area for am-
munition. Such a facility may be 1 of 3 types depend-
ing on its location with respect to the area of
operations or combat zone:
depot -- A military storage area where ammuni-
tion is stockpiled to provide the reserve and
potential which are required to insure an unin-
terrupted flow into the combat zone or area of
operations. Such a storage area is a rear echelon
operation and may be fixed or semimobile.
dump -- A temporary field storage facility to pro-
vide initial supply and replenishment of ammuni-
tion to various points. Such dumps usually are
behind the combat zone and can be moved easily.
point -- An advanced position in a combat zone or
area of operations where ammunition is available
for distribution to using units or for distribution
by a unit to subordinate units or to individuals.
Such points are maintained by a combat unit;
therefore, they are in or very near the combat
zone.
barrel (BBL or bbl) -- 1. A unit of liquid measure; in
the United States, by custom, 42 US gallons comprise
a barrel of crude oil or petroleum products for statisti-
cal purposes. 2. A container used in the transport of
petroleum products. See drum.
blast wall -- A wall, usually of metal or concrete,
which closely surrounds a storage tank to protect it
from blasts, flying debris, or fire. Blast walls are
common in areas where bombing or secondary explo-
sions are likely to occur.
bulk storage -- The storage of active agents which
will be used to fill munitions.
combat-ready storage -- The storage of ammunition
in which the fill and fuse are in place ready for firing.
deadspace -- Space inside a storage tank occupied by
tank accessories such as pipes, manholes, and internal
structural supports which reduce storage capacity and
also space left empty at the top of tank to preclude
spillage.
depot (DPO) -- See ammunition storage area.
drum -- A cylindrical container commonly used for the
transportation of petroleum products and which may
be 1 of 3 standard sizes and capacities. In the United
States, drums most in use have a 55-gallon capacity.
(See barrel.) Capacities (in US gallons) and dimen-
sions (in inches) of the 3 standard drums are:
30 gal
28.5 gal
14 in
27 in
55 gal
53 gal
25 in
35 in
110 gal
106 gal
31 in
45 in
dump -- See ammunition storage area.
explosives storage area -- A storage area where blast
Approved For Release 200 ONflDPj#P78B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 20EQIMA1) EM-kUP78BO456OA00600001 'lf /R-126/67
protective measures are visible. The storage may be
either military or civil. Civil storage areas do not
have military aspects such as barracks, extra security
measures, or military housekeeping facilities.
packaging plant -- A facility consisting of 1 or more
buildings where petroleum products are barrelled,
canned, or packaged.
partially underground (PUG) -- Descriptive term ap-
plied to structures or objects, including POL storage
tanks, which are placed partially above and partially
below the surrounding surface of the ground or semi-
buried; the portion of the structure or object above
ground may be banked or covered with earth. This
term is not normally applied to a building with a
basement as the lowest floor.
point -- See ammunition storage area.
safe capacity -- The volume of POL, usually 95 per-
cent of gross volume, that can be safely held by a
storage tank because of the need to provide for vapor
expansion and other factors.
service tank -- A tank for storage of POL which is
usually mounted horizontally and which, in most
cases, is smaller than typical aboveground POL storage
tanks. A service tank normally contains petroleum for
immediate consumption.
storage building -- A structure used for storage pur-
poses and normally associated with barracks areas,
transshipment areas, and other small installations.
Though usually smaller than a warehouse, size alone
is not the distinguishing factor, other differences
being less elaborate design, semipermanent as opposed
to permanent-type construction, and less complex
cargo-handling facilities. See warehouse. Size classifi-
cation of storage buildings according to floorspace is:
Small -- less than 2,000 sq ft
Medium -- 2,000 to 4,000 sq ft
Large -- more than 4,000 sq ft
tank -- A container usually used for the storage of
petroleum products; such containers are of various
capacities and shapes (e.g. cylindrical, spherical, ellipti-
cal).
vapor vent -- An opening, valve, or automatic device
on a tank which releases excess gases when limiting
pressures are exceeded and thereby maintains a safe
pressure in a tank.
warehouse (WHSE) -- A structure used for storage
purposes and normally found in large military installa-
tions, industrial complexes, supply depots, port areas,
and similar establishments. Though normally larger
than a storage building, size alone is not the determin-
ing factor in distinguishing awarehouse from a storage
building. A warehouse is usually more complex, is of
permanent-type construction, and may have overhead
cranes or other cargo-handling equipment, lighting
fixtures on the building or on poles, a hard-surfaced
road network, and loading ramps or docks. See
storage building. Size classification of warehouses
according to floorspace is:
Small -- less than 6,000 sq ft
Medium -- 6,000 to 12,000 sq ft
Large -- more than 12,000 sq ft
nitrocellulose section -- That part of an explosives
plant where wood or cotton pulp is nitrated with nitric
acid to form nitrocellulose.
nitroglycerine section -- That part of an explosives
plant in which glycerine compounds are nitrated to
form nitroglycerine.
spoil -- Unprocessed waste, such as refuse earth or
rock debris resulting from excavating or dredging.
tailings -- Processed waste refuse material separated
as residue in the preparation of various products, as
in milling of ore.
waste -- A general term, including spoil, tailings, re-
fuse, garbage, ashes, rubbish, sewage, and material
discarded from any industrial process. In nuclear
terminology, this may be the refuse byproduct of a
chemical separation or reactor process.
blast wall -- A wall, usually of metal or concrete,
which closely surrounds a storage tank to protect it
from blasts, flying debris, or fire. Blast walls are com-
mon in areas where bombing or secondary explosions
are likely to occur.
bunker -- [noun] 1. A heavily reinforced structure for
storage of sensitive or valuable materials, e.g. a stor-
age bunker for high explosives. 2. A fortified structure,
above or below ground, usually with embrasures, for
protection of personnel, for a defended gun position,
or for a defensive position.
bunker -- [verb] 1. To provide or protect with bunkers.
2. To provide with fuel, as to bunker a ship with coal
or oil.
Approved For Release 20TaN111fD78B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 200 MDEN M78B04560A006000010001 P'11C11-126/67
concealment -- Protection from observation.
cover -- Protection from flat-trajectory fire.
earth banked -- To have earth piled against the sides.
earth covered -- To be covered completely with earth
(except, for example, the entrances of an earth-covered
building may be exposed); earth covered and earth
mounded are nearly synonymous; however, the term
earth mounded implies that the earth has been piled
in a heap that obscures the configuration of the cover-
ed object, and the term earth covered usually implies
a thinner covering. (In some instances a structure
built in an excavation and then covered with a deep
layer of earth may more aptly be described as being
underground rather than earth covered or mounded.)
earth mounded -- To be covered with a heap of earth,
e.g. an earth-mounded storage bunker, the fabrication
building is earth mounded, the building is mounded
with earth. See earth covered.
ground cover (GC) -- The natural terrain or vegeta-
tional cover which obscures or creates a defilade for the
target in question as imaged on an aerial photograph.
hold revetment -- See under Missile Installations.
mound -- [noun] A pile or heap, e.g. amound of earth.
mound -- [verb] To cover with a raised heap, e.g. an
earth-mounded storage bunker.
revet -- [verb] 1. To provide with a revetment, i.e.
a wall or free embankment. 2. To face a wall, dike,
river bank, etc., with stone, brick, concrete, sandbags,
or other material for purposes of preventing erosion
or to hold earth slopes at steeper angles than could
normally be maintained without caving or sliding.
revetment (RVT) -- 1. A wall, free embankment, or
similar device, usually made of earth, designed to
protect buildings, storage facilities, planes, vehicles,
or weapons emplacements from the effects of blast,
fire, bombs, strafing, or shellfire. 2. A facing or
retaining wall.
lines of communication (LOC) -- All the routes (land,
water, and air) which connect an operating military
force with a base of operations, and along which
supplies and reinforcements move.
rail-to-road transfer point -- A facility for the transfer
of material from rail to road.
right of way -- A strip of land authorized for use by a
transportation route, by a communication line, or by
a powerline.
route -- The course or way of a transportation or
communication system, along which traffic moves.
transloading -- The transfer of freight or passengers
between units of the same mode of transportation.
The term is most commonly used in connection with
a change of rail gauge but is also applicable in other
circumstances.
transshipment -- The transfer of freight and passen-
gers between units of different media of transportation,
such as between railroad cars and ships or trucks.
access road -- See under Missile Installations.
all-weather road -- An improved road trafficable by
motor vehicles during all seasons of the year.
center service road -- See under Missile Installations.
complex main road -- See under Missile Installations.
corduroy road -- A road with a surface of logs laid
side by side perpendicular to the flow of traffic.
divided road -- A 2-way road separated by a median
strip.
fascine road -- A road with a surface of bundles of
sticks and branches laid crosswise to the flow of
traffic.
grade crossing -- The intersection of a rail line and a
road at the same level.
hard-surfaced road -- See paved road.
improved road -- A route made better than cleared
ground by the addition of a base course, surfacing
material, or other stabilizing agent, with provision for
drainage. Improvement is usually associated with good
alignment and vertical control.
paved road -- An improved road having a durable
surface of gravel, stone, concrete, asphalt, or similar
material.
primary route -- A transportation route or series of
routes (commonly called a network) providing for
through traffic and normally connecting with secondary
routes.
road -- In general, a route that is capable of support-
ing vehicular movement by width, alignment, and use.
Approved For Release 200t/b DEN A!78B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 20(ln f1lo: J P78B04560A00600001006Y41c/R-126/67
roadway -- Usable portion of road structure which
normally lies between the construction limits of grad-
ing and drainage but does not include shoulders.
seasonal road -- A road, the trafficability of which is
dependent upon climatic conditions.
secondary route -- A transportation route specifically
supporting local needs. Access to secondary routes is
normally provided by primary routes, although a
secondary route network could also serve in this
capacity.
superhighway -- A limited access, hard-surfaced, all-
weather divided highway having 2 or more lanes for
each direction. Other terms used for specific types of
highway include freeway, parkway, turnpike, and (in
Germany) autobahn.
track -- A route or trace wide enough for use by light,
wheeled vehicles, such as animal-drawn carts and 1/4-
ton trucks, as may be evidenced by parallel wheel
marks.
frail -- The poorest class of land route used only by
persons on foot or by animals.
tread road -- A road consisting of 2 strips per lane of
surfacing material, laid parallel so as to support the
tread of vehicles. The tread material can be logs,
planks, sticks and branches, concrete, or stone.
unimproved road -- A traveled way over cleared
ground without special provision for drainage or
emphasis on good alignment. The surface may be
smoothed periodically.
branch line -- A secondary line of a rail system.
bumper -- A barrier placed at the end of a rail line
or spur.
classification yard -- Ayardinwhichcars are classified
or grouped in accordance with freight movement
requirements.
crossover -- A short length of track on which a train
can cross from one track to an adjacent one.
CW rail car -- See under Biological/Chemical Warfare.
departure yard -- See forwarding yard.
engine terminal -- 1. Terminus of a section of track
along which an engine operates. 2. End of operating
division of a rail line, to include at least engine turn-
around facilities.
flat yard -- A yard in which the sorting is done by
an engine pushing freight cars into place.
forwarding yard -- A holding yard in which trains
are held temporarily after classification but before
entering the running tracks. Also called departure
yard.
holding yard -- A yard for the temporary retention of
cars.
hump yard -- A yard in which cars are pushed over a
hump beyond which they roll onto sidings by gravity.
Also called summit yard.
junction -- A place where 2 or more rail lines or roads
physically join.
loop track -- A more or less circular rail alignment
used to reverse direction of locomotives and rolling
stock.
marshalling yard (British terminology) -- See classi-
fication yard.
railhead -- A place or point along a railroad line
where supplies are unloaded for distribution or stor-
age. Also, the farthest point to which track has been
laid in railroad construction.
receiving yard -- A holding yard for incoming trains
prior to their classification.
roadbed -- Any prepared surface which ultimately
will be used for supporting a rail line.
separating yard -- See classification yard.
siding -- A short track connected at 1 or more places
with the main track by switches and used for general
purposes, such as unloading, meeting and/or passing,
etc. Also called a sidetrack, loop siding or passing
siding, and dead end or stub.
sorting yard -- See classification yard.
spur -- Normally a short track diverging from a main
or branch line; connects a specific installation with a
main or branch line.
storage yard -- A yard in which idle equipment is
held awaiting disposition.
summit yard -- See hump yard.
terminal -- An assemblage of facilities provided by a
railway at a terminus or at an intermediate point for
the handling of passengers or freight, and the receiv-
ing, classifying, assembling, or dispatching of trains.
through track -- A track reserved for moving through
or past a yard or terminal.
transfer table -- A movable platform for transferring
locomotives and rolling stock between parallel tracks;
Approved For Release 20Q.'I,r(tj1Ib:EM-iRIjP78B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 200GQNFiD 1Trk 78BO456OA00600001006JUJC/R-126/67
wye -- A track arrangement shaped like the letter Y
and used to reverse the direction of locomotives.
berth -- A place for securing a vessel.
breakwater -- An artificial, protective barrier to break
or deflect the force of the sea.
bunker -- [verb] To provide with fuel, as to bunker a
ship with coal or oil.
buoy -- A floating device anchored to the bed of a
body of water serving as an aid to navigation or for
mooring vessels.
dike -- An artificial embankment to exclude water.
When used along a river, it is also called a levee.
dock -- Water area between 2 piers. A pier is some-
times erroneously called a dock.
dolphin -- Usually consists of a cluster of piles fastened
together at the top and used for protecting other
structures and for mooring or warping a vessel.
Dolphins may be in the water, on the beach, or, in-
frequently, on a wharf.
floating dock -- A type of drydock composed of 1 or
more sections which can be submerged to receive a
vessel, then resurfaced so as to expose the bottom
of the vessel.
jetty -- An artificial barrier at river mouths and har-
bor entrances to deflect and regulate water currents.
A jetty which breaks the force of the sea is called a
breakwater.
mole -- A massive structure projected from the shore
which deflects water currents and provides berthing
space.
offshore wharf -- A structure built parallel to the
shore and connected to it by 1 or more narrow ap-
proaches or gangways. Vessels berth along its face.
pier -- A wharf extending perpendicularly or obliquely
into the water with accommodations for ships on both
sides; it may be straight, T-shaped, or L-shaped.
quay -- A wharf accommodating ships on 1 side only.
Usually of solid construction, a quay is built against
and parallel to shore, moles, or breakwaters.
sea wall -- A wall or embankment built alongshore
to resist the sea.
wharf -- A general term for a structure serving as a
berthing place for vessels.
bus -- A short powerline within a switching yard
enabling the transfer of power from 1 switching posi-
tion to another; pl, buses.
circuit -- An electrical connection between 2 points.
Circuit is not synonymous with powerline or conductor.
conductor -- A wire or cable used to transmit electricity.
outage -- A period of time during which there is a
disruption in the supply of electric power.
powerline -- A succession of supports carrying con-
ductors for transmitting electric power overhead, under-
ground, or underwater. A powerline is not termed a
transmission line.
powerline trace -- A relatively narrow strip cleared of
trees and high shrubbery which may contain 1 or
more powerlines.
substation -- An electrical installation, not associated
with a powerplant (see switching yard) where electric
power is controlled, compensated, transformed (alter-
nating current only), rectified, or inverted, or combin-
ations of these. A substation is not termed a trans-
former yard. Four types of substations are:
switching substation -- An installation without
transformers where redistribution of power at the
same voltage is controlled by switches and buses.
If transformers are present, it is termed a trans-
former substation.
transformer substation -- An installation in which
1 or more step-down or step-up transformers are
installed to raise or lower alternating current
voltage; it usually contains a switching yard and/
or equipment for each voltage handled.
rectifier substation -- An installation where alter-
nating current is changed (rectified) to direct
current; usually a rectifier substation includes
alternating current transformers and, if so, is
termed a transformer/rectifier substation.
inverter substation -- An installation where direct
current is changed (inverted) to alternating
current.
switching yard -- An installation containing step-up
transformers and switching equipment associated with
and normally adjacent to the generator hall of a
powerplant.
Insurgency/Infiltration Activity
liaison/way station -- See way station.
Approved For Release 20tbNpIb `1Irj P78B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 20efflr1?EW tATP78B04560A00600001OO 1Id/I1-126/67
rest and refuel facility -- An area, sometimes referred
to as a truck park, used for support of vehicular move-
ment, including rest for personnel and refuel, main-
tenance, and concealment for vehicles. It is usually
located near or adjacent to a main road. Its access
road, usually well defined, leads to a turnaround or a
dead end; small support buildings are usually present;
trucks may be visible, and POL is present but usually
not visible; sometimes present are individual vehicle
parking slots cut into the vegetation.
staging area -- A place used for assembly of troops,
material, and/or vehicles for movement to another
destination. A staging area may contain an open stor-
age area, storage buildings, supplies, troops, and/or
vehicles, and prominent track and trail activity. If in a
location vulnerable to attack or surveillance, maximum
use is made of camouflage and concealment.
truck park -- See rest and refuel facility.
truck stop -- An area used briefly by trucks as an
emergency stop and for rest or for regrouping of con-
voys. A truck stop is characterized by an absence of
support facilities and usually depends on heavy tree
cover for concealment. It may consist of a wide
shoulder of a main road, a short parallel road, or indi-
vidual vehicle parking slots cut into the vegetation.
way station -- A facility, sometimes referred to as it
liaison/way station, used for support of personnel
moving by foot along an infiltration route. It usually
contains 1 or 2 camouflaged or well concealed struc-
tures and is near a road, stream, or well used trail.
Small plots of row crops may be present.
Weapons & Aircraft
aircraft classification -- Aircraft and helicopters are
classified as small, light, medium, and heavy according
to wing span or rotor diameter as follows:
Small
(feet)
Light
(feet)
Medium
(feet)
Heavy
(feet)
Straight wing
Up to 70
71-100
111-150
Over 150
Swept wing
Up to 40
41- 70
71-130
Over 130
Delta wing
Up to 35
36- 50
51- 70
Over 70
Helicopter
Up to 40
41- 60
61-100
Over 100
antiaircraft artillery (AAA), categories of --
Automatic Weapons/ Antiaircraft Less than 21 mm
Light AAA 21-75 mm
Medium AAA 76-100 mm
Heavy AAA larger than 100 mm
assault gun -- An armored vehicle mounting a gun
with little or no traverse which is normally used in a
direct fire role.
bombs, categories of:
aerial bomb -- An unpowered, usually free-falling
device intended for delivery by aircraft for the
purpose of causing damage and/or casualties.
armor-piercing bomb -- A bomb designed for
maximum penetration before exploding. It is de-
signed with a strong steel case, reinforced at the
nose end, and cleanly streamlined. The explosive
charge is small compared with the entire weight.
demolition bomb -- A general purpose (GP) bomb
designed to meet the greatest number of bombing
situations. It has good blast effect, penetration,
and some fragmentation. It is used primarily for
the destructive effect caused by blast in above-
surface explosions and in earth shock or mining
effects resulting from the detonation of buried
bombs.
depth bomb -- See depth charge
depth charge -- A bomb designed for underwater
detonation and, like the light case bomb, designed
for maximum blast effect.
fragmentation bomb -- A bomb designed so that
the bomb case and/or special filling of the bomb
shatters into a large number of fragments which
are sprayed destructively in all directions. It is
designed for maximum effect against personnel,
aircraft on the ground, lightly armored equipment,
and materiel.
incendiary bomb -- A bomb designed to start
fires which will destroy the usefulness of a target
area. In size, they can range from 4 to 500 pounds,
with the smaller bombs usually carried in bomb
clusters.
light case bomb -- A bomb which differs from the
demolition bomb in having a thin case and no
a
C
Approved For Release 20 1/11 19I : CJ~IRP78B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 20?ONIF'9?ED'iT1lAbP78B04560A0060000100bi11S/R-126/67
penetrating power. It carries a maximum charge
and is designed to create maximum blast effect.
napalm bomb -- A special type of incendiary,
shaped like a fuel droptank, carried externally,
and dropped from low altitude to increase accuracy
and area coverage.
bomb release system -- One of several optional
methods of releasing bombs from aircraft, each of
which results in a different bomb fall pattern or inter-
val and thus directly affects the degree and extent of
damage in a target area. Three types of bomb release
systems are defined as follows:
salvo -- The bombing system which involves the
release of the entire bomb load or remaining bomb
load of more than 1 bomb as instantaneously as
possible. This system results in the minimum
bomb impact interval in a target area.
select -- The bombing system which involves the
release of only a single bomb on a given bomb
run from an aircraft loaded with more than 1 bomb.
The British equivalent of this term is "single."
train -- The bombing system which involves the
release of more than 1 bomb at predetermined and
selected intervals, the latter being based on damage
radius of the bomb against a particular target.
The British equivalent of this term is "stick."
cannister -- A cylindrical shipping container. (Certain
missiles are launched from their cannisters.) See pod.
pod -- A streamlined, usually detachable, functional
component used as a housing or as an environmental
shelter for weapons, cargo, or engines (e.g. rocket
pod, missile pod, fuel pod, jet pod). See cannister.
self-propelled gun -- A lightly armored vehicle with
a traversing gun which is normally used as an indirect
fire artillery piece.
antisatellite (ASAT) -- [adj] Pertaining to a device or
facility used to monitor, track, inspect, neutralize, or
destroy satellites.
missiles, categories of:
antiballistic-missile (ABM) -- An adjective per-
taining to objects or activities for countering
ballistic missiles.
antimissile missile (AMM) -- A missile designed
to intercept and destroy another missile in flight.
intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) -- An
arbitrary designation for missiles having a range
in excess of 3,000 nm.
intermediate range ballistic missile (IRBM) --
An arbitrary designation for missiles having ranges
from 1,101 to 3,000 nm.
medium range ballistic missile (MRBM) -- An
arbitrary designation for missiles having ranges
from 501 to 1,100 nm.
short range ballistic missile (SRBM) -- An arbi-
trary designation for missiles having ranges up
to 500 nm.
missile test facilities:
flame bucket -- The structure, often water cooled,
used to deflect the engine exhaust gases in liquid
rocket engine test stands.
flame deflector -- A device for deflecting the ex-
haust flame of a rocket motor away from structural
areas the flame might damage.
rocket engine test facility -- An installation where
the engine of a solid or liquid propulsion rocket
system is test fired.
solid rocket test facility -- A test facility where
rocket motors using a solid propellant are test
fired. By common usage the word "propellant" is
omitted from the term.
static test stand -- See rocket engine test facility
or solid rocket test facility as applicable.
propellants:
composite propellant -- A propellant in which
particles of high-energy fuel and particles of an
oxidizer are carried in a plastic binder.
double-base propellant -- A propellant made of
nitrocellulose granules bound together with a
gelatinous binder of nitroglycerine.
liquid propellant -- A propellant in liquid form
usually composed of 2 parts, the oxidizer and the
fuel, which are piped separately to the combustion
chamber.
solid propellant -- A propellant consisting of a
solid casting, also called a "grain", usually made
of 2 elements, a granular material and a plastic
medium in which the granular material is
suspended.
window -- Any gap in a linear continuum. Certain
specific kinds of windows are:
launch window -- An interval oftimewithin which
a rocket or spacecraft must be launched to accom-
plish a particular mission.
recovery window -- An area at the limits of the
earth's sensible atmosphere through which a space-
craft must pass for successful reentry.
atmospheric window -- Those spectral regions
Approved For Release 20~9~N1 bE ftlATP78BO456OA006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 200(IOIFfD 78B04560A00600001000'1P1C/x-126/67
located between the principal absorption bands of
the atmospheric gases which are regions of maxi-
mum infrared energy transmission.
Biological/ Chemical Warfare
bulk storage -- The storage of active agents which
will be used to fill munitions.
BW agent -- A micro-organism which causes disease
in man, plants, or animals, or causes the deterioration
of material.
BW operations -- The employment of living organ-
isms, toxic biological products, and/or plant growth
regulators to produce death or casualties in men or
animals and/or damage to plants or material.
CBR -- The abbreviation for chemical, biological, and
radiological warfare.
CW agent -- A solid, liquid, or gas which, through its
chemical properties, produces lethal or damaging
effects on man, animals, plants, or material or pro-
duces a screening or signaling smoke.
CW rail car -- A specialized rail car used to transport
a bulk quantity of a CW agent.
nonpersistent agent -- A volatile chemical agent
which forms a cloud and dissipates rapidly into the
atmosphere.
persistent agent -- A nonvolatile chemical agent
which remains on the terrain or on clothing and
equipment in the form of droplets.
psychochemical agent -- A chemical agent which
affects the brain or nerve centers and by disorienting
the human or animal mind prevents the mind tempo-
rarily from performing its usual functions.
toxic agent -- A chemical, biological, or radiological
material which causes disability, either temporary or
permanent, in humans, animals, or plants.
epicenter -- The area on the earth's surface directly
above the place of origin, or focus, of an earthquake.
The term is not used for manmade events. See
round zero.
ground zero (GZ) -- The point on the surface of land
or water at, or vertically above or below, the center of
the burst of a nuclear device or weapon. See e ip center.
nuclear event -- Any detonation of a nuclear device
or weapon.
blast damage -- Damage caused by explosion, how-
ever initiated.
bomb effects -- The phenomena resulting from a
bomb detonation. There are 3 basic effects from a
conventional bomb detonation: blast, heat, and
fragmentation.
bomb impact plot -- A graphic representation of the
target area, usually a prestrike aerial photograph, on
which prominent dots are plotted to mark the impact
or detonation points of bombs dropped on a specific
bombing attack.
causation -- The cause of damage. The destructive
force responsible f or each observed incident of damage.
collapse -- A type of structural damage. In this case,
spanning members rest on the floor or on equipment
within the building. Collapse may be "primary"
(usually caused by a single bomb), or "secondary" or
"spreading collapse." The latter covers a large area
and is usually caused by the collapse of adjacent
spanning members.
destroyed -- A type of structural damage. In the case
of a building, all vertical supports and spanning mem-
bers are damaged to such an extent that nothing is
salvageable. To insure against misuse of this term, its
use must be restricted to structures which are com-
pletely leveled. In the case of bridges, all spans must
be dropped and all piers must require replacement.
effective damage -- That damage necessary to render
a target element inoperative, unserviceable, nonpro-
ductive, or uninhabitable.
extent of damage -- The visible plan area of damage
to a target element, usually expressed in units of
1,000 square feet in detailed damage analysis and in
approximate percentages in immediate-type damage
assessment reports (e.g. 50 percent structural damage).
fire damage -- Damage caused by combustion, how-
ever ignited.
gutted -- See structural damage and superficial
damage
roof disturbance -- Minor damage to the roof without
roof stripping in excess of 40 square feet. This is a
minor type of damage which does not qualify as
superficial damage; however, it may be important
Approved For Release 20Q,,1.11M .~j P78B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 2&3@'Nt1?ENIHPP78B04560A00600001OWICIR-126/67
where large areas are involved in damage to highly
vulnerable contents such as precision instruments.
(Roof disturbance does not mean roof distortion
which is a clue to structural damage and which is
more serious.)
roof stripping -- See superficial damage
secondary explosion -- An explosion caused by a
bomb detonation producing a pronounced, usually
larger explosion of explosive material on the surface.
Examples of such material are stores of ammunition,
fuel, chemicals, and pressure-operated equipment.
severity of damage -- A classification of damage re-
lated to the degree a structure is made inoperative,
unserviceable, nonproductive, or uninhabitable, but
established primarily through consideration of the
comparative ease of repair.
structural damage -- Destruction, displacement, sev-
erance, or distortion of structural members (trusses,
beams, and columns) to such a degree of severity that
the damaged members cannot be repaired but must be
removed and replaced. The latter condition is consider-
ed to exist if the above types of damage to structural
members can be identified by the photo interpreter.
Structural damage includes the following:
Severed trusses.
Sagging structural members.
Framework distortion.
Wall damage to wall bearing structures.
Purlin damage where truss spacing is over 30 feet.
Holes in roofing material greater than 30 feet along
the length of a framed building where no truss is
visible.
Internal floor damage in industrial buildings or
multistory, wall-bearing buildings, with the excep-
tion of "slab on grade" (i.e. basement floor or
floor resting on the ground).
Holes in reinforced or prestressed concrete struc-
tures where the holes exceed 20 feet in minimum
measurement.
Gutted multistory, wall-bearing buildings.
superficial damage -- Damage which can be repaired
without affecting the main structure and without
necessitating replacement of main frame members.
By elimination, it includes all damage other than
structural damage, with the exception of roof dis-
turbance. The following specific types of damage are
classed as superficial:
Roof stripping (the most common type of superfi-
cial damage--designated where roofing material is
stripped over an area of approximately 40 square
feet or more).
Roof damage to wall-bearing buildings.
Most purlin damage.
Partition (parti-wall) damage (if not load-bearing).
Curtain-wall or panel-wall damage (e.g. the sheet
metal wall of a steel frame building).
Broken windows.
Gutted (burned-out) single-story, wall-bearing
buildings.
Monitor distortion (since monitors are supported
by roof trusses, a careful search should be made
for structural damage).
Approved For Relea rJbf/N4 14 A-RDP78B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 2001/11/19 : CIA-RDP78BO456OA006000010001-1
Approved For Release 2001/11/19 : CIA-RDP78BO456OA006000010001-1
 NPIC/R-126/67
Approved For Release 200NIIaOEKUMDP78B04560A006000010001-1
ABBREVIATIONS
Note: Only items marked by an asterisk are used on
NPIC briefing aids.
A
A or AFT -- aft-looking camera
AA* -- antiaircraft
AAA* -- antiaircraft artillery
AAAOB -- antiaircraft artillery order of battle
AAM* -- air-to-air missile
ABM* -- antiballistic missile
ACFT* -- aircraft
ACG -- altitude correction graph
AD* -- air defense
ADJ -- adjacent
ADMIN* -- administration(tive)
ADMIN/HOUSING* -- administration/housing
AE* -- atomic energy
AEM* -- missile support ship
AFLD* -- airfield
AG* -- miscellaneous auxiliary (ship)
AGB* -- icebreaker (ship)
AGI* -- intelligence collector (ship)
AGT* -- target service ship
AIF -- automated intelligence file
AK* -- cargo ship
AKL* -- cargo ship light
ALT -- altitude
ALTN -- alternate
AM* -- amplitude modulation
AMM* -- antimissile missile
AMMO* -- ammunition
AN* -- net-laying ship
ANOT* -- annotated
ANT* -- antenna
AO* -- oiler (ship)
AOB -- air order of battle
APRX* -- approximately
AR* -- repair ship
ARTY -- artillery
AS* -- submarine tender
ASAT -- antisatellite
ASBLY -- assembly
ASL* -- small submarine tender
ASM* -- air-to-surface missile
ASSOTW -- Airfield and Seaplane Stations of the
World
AT* -- tug (ship)
ATC -- air target chart
ATK* -- attack
ATM -- air target materials
ATTN -- attention
AUTO -- automatic
AUTO WPN(S) -- automatic weapon(s) (CINCPAC
cable use only)
AUX -- auxiliary
AVG -- average
AW* -- automatic weapon(s)
AW* -- air warning
BBL or bbl -- barrel(s)
BDA -- bomb damage assessment
BDCST(G) -- broadcast(ing)
BE -- Basic Encyclopedia (Bombing Encyclopedia)
BEV* -- billion electron volts
BKR* -- bunker
BKS -- barracks
BLDG(S)* -- building(s)
BMEWS* -- Ballistic Missile Early Warning System
Approved For Release 2001/M IB1 A78B0456OA006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 2001CfJ4 j TW78B04560A006000010001$IC/R-126/67
BPIR -- Brief Photographic Interpretation Report
BR* -- bridge
BTRY -- battery
BW* -- biological warfare
C
C -- clear weather (on photography)
CA -- coastal artillery
CA* -- heavy cruiser
CAM* -- camera
CAP -- capacity
CAT -- category
CBR* -- chemical, biological, radiological
CBU* -- cluster bomb unit
CC -- cloud cover (on photography)
CEP -- circular error of probability
CF* -- camouflage
CFC -- central fire control
CG TRK* -- cargo truck
CHEM -- chemical
CIA* -- Central Intelligence Agency
CL* -- light cruiser
CLF -- classification
CLG* -- guided missile cruiser
CMCI -- Computed Mission Coverage Index
CMR -- code metrics reader
COMM(S)* -- communication(s)
CONSTR -- construction
COORD(S) -- coordinate(s)
CPLX* -- complex
CR MSL* -- cruise missile
CS -- cloud shadow (on photography)
CTR* center
CW* -- chemical warfare
D
D -- darkness (on photography)
DD* -- destroyer
DDG* -- guided missile destroyer
DDGS* -- guided missile destroyer, surface-to-surface
missiles
DE* -- destroyer escort
DEF* -- defense
DEPT -- department
DF* -- direction finder (or finding)
DGZ -- designated ground zero
DIA* -- Defense Intelligence Agency
DIAM* -- diameter
DIST* -- district
DIV -- division
DLG* -- guided missile frigate, surface-to-air missiles
DLGM* -- guided missile frigate, surface-to-surface
and surface-to-air missiles
DMAX -- maximum density
DME -- distance-measuring equipment
DMG* -- damage
DMIN -- minimum density
DMZ -- demilitarized zone
DN* -- duplicate negative
DP* -- duplicate positive
DPIR -- Detailed Photographic Interpretation Report
DPO* -- depot
DTD -- dated
DTG -- date time group
DZ* -- drop zone
E
ECM* -- electronic countermeasure
EEI -- Essential Elements of Information
ELEC -- electricity
ENGR -- engineer
ENLARG* -- enlargement
EQUIP* -- equipment
EST* -- estimated
EW* -- early warning
EXCAV* -- excavation
EXPLO(S) -- explosive(s)
Approved For Release L'UU J6A2DP78B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 2001 A9N :I R&W6 J.8B04560A006000010001 1PIC/R-126/67
F
F -- fair interpretability
F or FWD -- forward-looking camera
FA -- field artillery
FCLTY(S)* -- facility(ies)
FIG* -- figure
FM* -- frequency modulation
FRTR* -- freighter
FT or ft* -- foot or feet
FTR -- fighter
G
G -- good interpretability
GAL -- gallon(s)
GAS -- gasoline
GC -- ground cover (on photography)
GCA* -- ground-controlled approach
GCI* -- ground control intercept
GENR* -- generator
GM* -- guided missile
GMT -- Greenwich Mean Time
GOB -- ground order of battle
GOVT* -- government
GP -- general purpose
GR -- ground resolution
GZ* -- ground zero
H
H -- haze (on photography)
HC -- heavy cloud cover (on photography)
HE -- high explosive(s)
HELI -- helicopter
HF* -- high frequency
HGT* -- height
FIMG* -- heavy machinegun
HPP* -- hydroelectric powerplant
HQ* -- headquarters
HQ/ADMIN* -- headquarters/ administration
HVY -- heavy
HWY* -- highway
I
ICBM* -- intercontinental ballistic missile
IDO -- identification only
IDT -- isodensitracer
IFV -- instantaneous field of view
ILS* -- instrument landing system
INAC* -- inactive
INDRY* -- industry or industrial
INFO -- information
INSTLN -- installation
INTEL -- intelligence
INTPR -- interpretation
IOC -- initial operating capability
IPIR -- Immediate Photographic Interpretation Report
IR* -- infrared
IRBM* -- intermediate range ballistic missile
J
K
K -- constant (numerical)
KM or km -- kilometer(s)
KV* -- kilovolt(s)
KW* -- kilowatt(s)
L
LAB* -- laboratory
LAT* -- latitude
LCH* -- launch
LCHR* -- launcher
LCI* -- landing craft infantry
LCM* -- landing craft mechanized
Approved For Release 2001~NFI:D N-J I.78B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 4G1 MWII DP78B04560A00600001( Y f-12x/67
LCU* -- landing craft utility
LDG* -- landing
LF* -- low frequency
LGTH* -- length
LMG* -- light machinegun
LNM* -- linear nautical mile
LOA* -- length overall
LOC* -- line(s) of communication
LOCO -- locomotive
LONG* -- longitude
LOX* -- liquid oxygen
LRG* -- large
LSC* -- landing ship cargo
LSF -- line spread function
LSI* -- landing ship infantry
LSIL* landing ship infantry light
LSS* -- landing ship support
LST* -- landing ship tank
LT* -- light
M
MACH -- machine
MAINT -- maintenance
MAX -- maximum
MCI -- Mission Coverage Index (obsolete)
MCP -- Mission Coverage Plot
MCPS -- Mission Coverage Plot Summary
MCRWV* -- microwave
MD* -- military district
M/ E -- multiengine
MED* -- medium
MERSHIP* -- merchant ship
MF* -- medium frequency
MFG -- manufacturing
MI -- mile
MIL* -- military
MILOB -- military order of battle
MIN -- minimum
MIP -- mission information potential
MIPIR -- Mission Index Photographic Interpretation
Report
MISC -- miscellaneous
MM or mm* -- millimeter
MNG -- mining
MO -- month
MOB -- missile order of battle
MONO -- monoscopic
MRBM* -- medium range ballistic missile
MS* -- minesweeper
MSB* -- minesweeper boat
MSF* -- fleet minesweeper
MSG -- message
MSI* -- inshore minesweeper
MSL* -- missile
MSL* -- small minesweeper
MSL TRANSPR* -- missile transporter
MSN or M* -- mission
MSPIR -- Mission Summary Photographic Interpreta-
tion Report
MT -- metric ton
MTB* - motor torpedo boat
MTN* -- mountain
MW* -- megawatt(s)
N
NA -- not applicable
NAC* - no apparent change
NAV -- naval
NAV AID* -- navigational aid
NE* -- nuclear energy
NM or nm* -- nautical mile(s)
NOB -- naval order of battle
NON-SOV -- non-Soviet
NPIC* -- National Photographic Interpretation Center
NR* -- number
NS -- nonstereo (photography)
NUC WPN -- nuclear weapon(s)
Approved For Release 2 ' yl d - ftI~- P78B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 200'Q1 NIbI11NTM78B04560A006000010004-1 IC/R-126/67
0
O -- obliquity
OB -- order of battle
OBL -- oblique
OCC* -- occupied
ON* -- original negative
ONC -- Operational Navigation Chart
OPC* -- old large submarine chaser
OPF* -- old patrol escort (ship)
OPS* -- operations
ORD* -- ordnance
ORG -- organization
P
P -- poor interpretability
PAR -- paragraph
PC* -- large submarine chaser
PCMCI -- Preliminary Coverage Mission Coverage
Index
PER -- Photographic Evaluation Report
PERS -- personnel
PET -- petroleum
PF* -- patrol escort (ship)
PH -- phase
PHOTO -- photograph(ic)
PI* -- photographic interpreter
PLRS -- probable long-range surface-to-air missile
PLT* -- plant
POL* -- petroleum, oils, and lubricants
POSN -- position
POSS* -- possible
Pre MCPS -- Preliminary Mission Coverage Plot
Summary
PRIM -- primary
PROB* -- probable
PS -- partial stereo (photography)
PSGR -- passenger
PSP* -- pierced steel plank
PT -- partial target coverage
PT* -- motor torpedo boat (see also MTB)
PTF* -- fast patrol boat
PTFG* -- large guided missile patrol boat
PTG* -- small guided missile patrol boat
PUG* -- partially underground
PWR* -- power
R
R* -- river
R&D* -- research and development
RDO* -- radio
RDR* -- radar
RECON -- reconnaissance
REF -- reference
RFY* -- refinery
RIM* -- receiving, inspection, maintenance
RNY* -- runway
ROB -- radar order of battle
RR* -- railroad
RV -- reentry vehicle
RVT* -- revetment(s)
RVTD* -- revetted
S
S -- snow cover (on photography)
SAM* -- surface-to-air missile
SAT* -- satellite
SC -- scattered cloud cover (on photography)
SC* -- submarine chaser
SCH* -- school
SD -- semidarkness (on photography)
S/ E -- single engine
SECD -- secondary
SHF* -- superhigh frequency
Approved For Release 200' olopiD N-278B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 2 1DEN PP78B04560A006000010G11IL1"R-126/67
SHPG -- shipping
SHPYD -- shipyard(s)
SLAR or SLR* -- side-looking airborne radar
SM -- small
SM -- statute mile
SP* -- self-propelled
SPIR -- Summary Photographic Interpretation Report
SPT* -- support
SQ* -- square
SQ FT* -- square feet
SQ NM* -- square nautical mile(s)
SRBM* -- short range ballistic missile
SS -- small scale
SS* -- submarine
SSB* -- ballistic missile submarine
SSBN* -- nuclear powered ballistic missile submarine
SSG* -- cruise missile submarine
SSGN* -- nuclear powered cruise missile submarine
SSM* -- surface-to-surface missile
SSN* -- nuclear powered torpedo attack submarine
SSR* -- radar picket submarine, long range
ST or STEREO* -- stereoscopic photography
STN* -- station
STOR* -- storage
STOR BLDG(S) -- storage building(s)
STRAT -- strategic
SUB -- submarine (CINCPAC cable use only)
SUP -- supply
SUSP* -- suspect
T
T -- total target coverage
T* -- ton
TACAN* -- Tactical Air Navigation
TAS* -- traffic analysis survey
TDI -- target data inventory
TECH -- technical
TEL* -- transporter-erector-launcher
TEMPO* -- temporary
TGR -- telegraph
TGT* -- target
THERM -- thermal
THRU -- through
TKR -- tanker
TLR* -- trailer
TNG* -- training
TNK* -- tank(s)
TNK/SP* -- tank/self-propelled gun(s)
TNK TRK* -- tank truck
TNL* -- tunnel
TP -- technical publication
TPH -- telephone
TPP* -- thermal powerplant
TRAC-TLR TRK* -- tractor-trailer truck
TRANS PT* -- transfer point
TRIB -- tributary
TRK* -- truck(s)
TROPO SCATTER* -- tropospheric scatter
TWY -- taxiway
U
UC* -- under construction
UG* -- underground
UHF* -- ultrahigh frequency
UI* -- unidentified
UNDET* -- undetermined
UNK -- unknown
UNOCC* -- unoccupied
UNSVC -- unserviceable
USATC -- United States Air Target Chart
UTM -- Universal Transverse Mercator Grid
V
VEH(S)* -- vehicle(s)
VERT -- vertical
V ES -- vessels
VHF* -- very high frequency
Approved For Release 2Q41( VIVE XD P78B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Releas?ONF1D1EITTI~I~A-RDP78B04560A006000 ~v~01-16/67
VLF* -- very low frequency x
VOL -- volume
VOR* -- very high frequency omnidirectional range X or XL* -- enlargement
V/STOL -- vertical and/or short takeoff and landing
[aircraft] v
WAC -- World Aeronautical Chart
WHSE(S)* -- warehouse(s)
WO* -- without
WPN* -- weapon(s)
WX -- weather
YD or yd* -- yard(s)
YP -- patrol craft
YR -- year
z
Approved For Release ?NTI 1 -RAIRDP78B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 2001/11/19 : CIA-RDP78B04560A006000010001-1
Approved For Release 2001/11/19 : CIA-RDP78B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Releas NPI001--1x/67
EQ~'I`M'~T~~IL-RDP78B04560A00600001001
SYMBOLS
The selected symbology presented here includes items which have proven
serviceable for use in graphics appearing in NPIC publications. Many are stand-
ard international cartographic symbols. Others, particularly those offering a
choice of treatment, represent preferred usages developed in response to widely
divergent NPIC requirements. The size and shape of each symbol should in all
cases be determined by scale and layout. It is emphasized that no attempt has
been made to depict all possible symbology.
The order in which the symbols are presented is arbitrary and not in
alphabetical sequence; therefore, the symbols are numbered and an index is
provided to facilitate locating a specific item.
Users of this glossary are invited to suggest additional symbols or special-
ized applications which merit inclusion in future editions.
Symbol Number
Abandoned railroad .......................................................................... 10
Adit ................................................................................................. 37
Airfield, large-scale ........................................................................... 57
Airfield, medium-scale ...................................................................... 56
Airfield, small-scale .......................................................................... 55
Bridge ........................................ 62
.....................................................
Building .......................................................................................... 38,39
Building, earth-mounded .................................................................. . 43
Building foundation ......................................................................... 40
Building under construction ............................................................. 41
Bunker ............................................................................................. 37
Buried cable ..................................................................................... 19
Cable ............................................................................................... 18
Cable, buried .................................................................................... 19
Cable scar ........................................................................................ 19
Calibration tower ............................................................................. 51
City ................................................................................................. 58, 59
City, large-scale ................................................................................ 60
Clearing ............................ 31
Closed ditch ................................................................................
Closed trench ................................................................................... 24
Coal pile .......................................................................................... 44
Crane ............................................................................................... 52
Culvert ............................................................................................ 63
Cut, earth ........................................................................................ 28
Dam ................................................................................................. 67
Ditch, closed .................................................................................... 24
Approved For Release MTENTWEDP78B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 2001/11, () 1VD NFRM04560A006000010001-1 NPIC/R-126/67
Symbol
Ditch, open .....................................................
.................................
Double-track railroad .................................
.......................................
Earth-banked building ......................................................................
Earth cut .........................................................................................
Earth fill ...........................................................
...............................
Earth-mounded building ...................................
................................
Entrance, underground .................................................
...................
Excavation .......................................................................................
Fence .........................................................................
...... . ...............
Fence, possible .......................................................
..........................
Fence under construction .........................
........................................
Fill, earth ......................................................
...................................
Flood plain ..........................................................................
............
Foundation, building ...........................
Gantry .............................................................................................
Gantry track ..............................................
.......................................
Graded area ............................................................
..........................
Ground scar .............................................................................
Guard tower ....................................
.................................................
Hardstand ............................................
............................................
Intermittent stream .................................
.........................................
Junction/ equipment structure .......................
...................................
Light tower .................................
.....................................................
Marsh .......................................................................
.......................
Mound ............................................................
.................................
Narrow-gauge railroad ............................
..........................................
Open ditch ........................................................................
...............
Open trench ...............................................
......................................
Personnel trench .......................................
.......................................
Pipeline .........................
..................................................................
Plain, flood ...............................................
.......................................
Populated area ...........................
......................................................
Possible fence .........................................
.........................................
Possible wall ....................................................................................
Powerline .........................................................
...............................
Probable railroad alignment ..............
...............................................
Railroad, abandoned ......................................
..................................
Railroad alignment, probable .............................
...............................
Railroad, double-track .....................
.................................................
Railroad, narrow-gauge ..............
......................................................
Railroad, single-track .............................................
...........................
Railroad under construction .......................................
......................
Revetment, large-scale .........................
............................................
Revetment, medium-scale .................
................................................
Revetment, small-scale .......................
..............................................
River ................................................
...............................................
Road, large-scale ..........................................
....................................
Road, small-scale ......................................
........................................
Road under construction, large-scale .............
...................................
Road under construction, small-scale .............................
...................
Scar, cable ............................................
............................................
Approved For Release 2001/t6 :I~ 1EJ8B04560A006000010001-1
 126/67
Approved For Relea(O11)5NI MA-RD P78 B04560A006000'0'1'0'0"0 1-1
Symbol 26
.
Scar, ground ..........
68
Shoreline ..........................................
........... 8
Single-track railroad """ .................. 45
Stack ..........................................................
22
.................................................... 64
Steamline ....................................
................
.... 20
Stream, intermittent ...........................
.................. 70
Structure, junction/ equipment .......................................
Swamp ................................................................................ 46
.................................
Tank ......................................................... 47
Tower ......................................................
51
......................................................... 48
Tower, calibration ...................
Tower, guard ...................................................
50
Tower, light .....................................................................................
49
Tower, water .................................................................................... 58
............................................................
Town ................. ..... 54
Track, gantry 6
5
Track, large-scale .....................................................
Track, small-scale ............................................................................. 6
5
Trail, large-scale .................................................................
...................
Trail, small-scale ...................................... 24
Trench, closed ...............................?? 23
............................................
Trench, open ................... 25
Trench, personnel ......................................................... 37
Underground entrance ..........................................
58
................................................
Village ........... 14
............................................
Wall ................................... 15
Wall, possible .................................. 16
................................................. 49
Wall under construction .................
Water tower ..................................................................................... 61
..........
Wooded area ..........................................................................
Approved For Release 2Q l1I13E f t fl.pP78B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 2001/11 /-9T$)ke4560A006000010001-1 NPIC/R-126/67
1. Road (small scale).
2. Road (large scale).
3. Road under construction (small scale).
4. Road under construction (large scale).
5. Track or Trail (small scale).
6. Track or Trail (large scale).
7. Railroad, double-track.
Approved For Release 20019I D lh f[1Fj78B04560A006000010001-1
 NPIC / R-126/67
Approved For Rele(C? O[Ni I IA-RDP78B04560A006000010001-1
8. Railroad, single-track.
10. Railroad under construction, Abandoned rail-
road, or Probable railroad alignment.
11. Fence.
12. Fence, possible.
13. Fence under construction.
14. Wall.
Approved For Release MUMMIREDP78B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 2001/11 /l ON"PR?q 4560A006000010001-1 NPIC/R-126/67
15. Wall, possible.
w--- w----
16. Wall under construction
,~?~ ~. `~ 17. Powerline.
19. Cable, buried or Cable scar.
20. Junction/equipment structure Placement of
junctions as indicated on layout.
Approved For Release 2001~~1~/~, ;~JA;~Jj 8B04560A006000010001-1
 n~~,L AA~ NPIC/R-126/67
Approved For Releas ObIfl~'H%TI1k-RDP78B04560A006000010001-1
S--r5-5-5-5n
IN
27. Excavation. Contour ridgeline broken at irregular
intervals.
26. Ground scar.
22. Steamline.
23. Ditch or Trench, open.
24. Ditch or Trench, closed.
25. Trench, personnel.
28. Earth cut. Same treatment as excavation.
Approved For Release 2MNFJM i AtDP78BO456OA006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 2001/11LiONIW)ENI04560A006000010001-1 NPIC/R-126/67
r
32. Hardstand. Open tone only when requested.
33. Mound.
34. Revetment (small scale).
35. Revetment (medium scale). Size of ticks deter-
mined by layout.
29. Earth fill. Same treatment as excavation except
that tick marks are reversed.
31. Clearing. Dots follow indicated contour outline
on layout. Area shown by open tone.
Approved For Release 2001t1jfltr Yp y8BO456OA006000010001-1
 NPIC/R-126/67
Approved For Release( 1 MT:I6IA-RDP78B04560A006000010001-1
Approved For Release 200'bljNpIDT* 78B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 2001/11/1? jM "Af4560A006000010001-1
NPIC/R_126/67
Approved For Release 20UCG,A_IALP78BO456OA006000010001-1
 Approved For ReleasCQ irIITldlh-RDP78B04560A006000f 6bd~ -li6/67
L
50. Light tower.
51. Calibration tower.
x
52. Crane. Open background tone.
53. Gantry.
54. Gantry track.
55. Airfield (small scale).
56. Airfield (medium scale).
Approved For Releaser" 41 1~~~ RDP78B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For Release 2001/11 t9?NFVDE 04560A006000010001-1 NPIC/R-126/67
60. City (large scale) or Populated area. Configura-
tion of city limits or area as indicated on layout.
Railroads, if any, are shown.
Approved For Release 2001/1 M fit i7,8e04560A006000010001-1
 NPIC/R-126/67
Approved For Rele?O Dfjf*T4AbCIA-RDP78B04560A006000010001-1
J
64. Stream, intermittent. Line width depends on
scale or as indicated on layout.
65. River. Line width depends on scale of drawing.
66. Canal.
67. Dam.
68. Shoreline.
69. Flood plain.
70. Swamp or Marsh.
Approved For Releas" tl[1~lq:ff RDP78B04560A006000010001-1
 Approved For RelealsW01NIIIA-RDP78B04560A006000010001-1
Approved For Release 2X_UMtl/I5 N(T tDP78B04560A006000010001-1