TEST AND EVALUATION REPORT LOW COST BINOCULAR MAGNIFIER

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78B04560A007400010015-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 20
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 11, 2012
• Sequence Number: 15
• Publication Date: February 1, 1974
• Content Type: REPORT

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TECHNICAL
PUBLICATION
N ATIO N AL PHOTOGRAPHIC
INTERPRETATION CENTER
TEST AND EVALUATION REPORT
LOW COST BINOCULAR MAGNIFIER
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
NPIC/R-03/74
FEBRUARY 1974
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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY NPIC/R-03/74
TECHNICAL PUBLICATION
TEST AND EVALUATION REPORT
LOW COST BINOCULAR MAGNIFIER
FEBRUARY 1974
NATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION CENTER
Reverse side blank
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STAT
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Pa e
1.
INTRODUCTION
1
2.
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
3
3.
TEST DETAILS
5
3.1 Acceptance Tests
5
3.2 Engineering Evaluation
13
3.3 Operational Evaluation
14
Distribution
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
FIGURE 1. Binocular Magnifier
FIGURE 2. Optical Schematic
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Binocular Ma ifier
- iv
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The Low Cost Binocular Magnifier resulted from an effort
to produce a binocular replacement for standard monocular
tube magnifiers and thus gain the benefits of increased visual
acuity and operator comfort. It was expected that the binoc-
ular magnifier would find use in place of the 7X tube magnifier
to quickly inspect images on roll film and chips--with the
added benefits of double the magnification and a raised head
position.
The instrument is shown in Figure 1. The upper part of
the magnifier has two independent eyepiece focusing adjust-
ments and an adjustable interpupillary distance mechanism
with scale. The base assembly contains an erecting prism
which accomplishes image reorientation and a removable base
ring. The optical schematic for the instrument is shown in
Figure 2.
The binocular magnifier first underwent acceptance test-
ing at NPIC during March and April 1973. Several deficiencies
were uncovered which required correction by the manufacturer.
It was returned to NPIC and again tested during the period
18 June to 27 July 1973. The operational components within
the building then evaluated it for a 4-month period, which
was completed on 2 November 1973.
This report reflects this final configuration. It does
not include test results prior to modification.
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r'(.J OFN'1U1AL U6 V.VLY
LA
Image Plane
Object Plane
Fig re 2. Optical Sc ematic
H, - 2 -
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2. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary:
The prototype binocular magnifier complies quite adequately
with all of its contractual requirements including magnifica-
tion, distortion, resolution, field of view, eyepiece focusing,
exit pupil size, exit pupil location, interpupillary adjustment,
light transmission, binocular axes alignment, and physical
size. However, its 1-1/2-pound weight does significantly
exceed the 1 pound goal.
The device passed a critical engineering evaluation with
high marks because of its compact, simple, and rugged design
utilizing good mechanical and optical construction. Even the
operational evaluation by PIs found the performance of the
instrument itself to be very satisfactory for viewing trans-
parencies. They did complain that the minimal working distance
did not permit marking an area of interest or using it to view
opaque prints.
In addition, the operational evaluation clearly showed
STATINTL that PIs who participated in the program do not
recognize a nee for such a larger and heavier than ordinary
magnifier so long as they have a simple magnifier on a neck
chain and a microstereoscope featuring zoom magnification
conveniently available on a supporting carriage.
9 The price paid in size, weight, and minimal working distance
has, in the viewpoint of the PIs evaluating this device,
eliminated it from their consideration as a substitute for
the monocular tube magnifier.
? The physical and optical features of this instrument place
it in the family of viewing aids somewhere between the
simple monocular tube magnifier and the very versatile but
expensive microstereoscope. It appears that the binocular
magnifier will find acceptance only for tasks which do not
also require the immediate availability of a zoom micro-
stereoscope.
? If additional procurement is made, several modifications
should be considered to increase utility, acceptability,
and maintainability. These are listed in the recommenda-
tions below.
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a Since this device
mechanically, it
image inspection
hand-carry portab'
visual acuity and
viewing.
i
h
a
basically sound, both optically and
uld be considered for all transparency
ks where the primary requirements are
ty, 15X fixed magnification, and the
mfort of good monoscopic binocular
? The utility of th's.
considerably if tl e
the present one-fqu
The manufacturer sh
binocular magnifier would be increased
working distane can be increased from
th of an inch to a full inch or more.
uld be queried'Ion this.
e The manufacturer 4a4 submitted ske ches showing three dif-
ferent possible m6ais for includin a measuring reticle.
The need for thisif ature should b evaluated if procure-
d
ered.;
ment is consi
e The metal mounting base ring is bo nd to accummulate film-
scratching nicks.ni scratches in normal use. These can
be re-finished byum intenance pers nnel, but it is recom-
mended that extra r ngs be acquire so that users can
replace damaged ones in emergencies.
a A design modifica
for vertical and
image fusion diff
a An investigation ~
n to provide easy-to-make adjustments
eral phoria corrections would eliminate
lties experienced by some individuals.
uld be conduct~d to determine whether
nts should be made available to the
such phoria adjus4m
operators or only`tp maintenance p
is also needed on stereo viewing
Sec. 3.2 for discussion).
rsonnel and whether it
struments as well (see
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3.1 Acceptance Tests
These tests consisted primarily of examining and testing
the instrument against its contractual specifications and
design goals. These technical requirements are identified
in this section by an asterisk.
3.1.1 Magnification
Test Method. Mount a diopter telescope on an angle
measuring able so that their axes intersect at 90 degrees.
Place the axis of rotation of the table so that it intersects
the optical axis of the eyepiece and lies in the plane of its
exit pupil. Measure the angle subtended by the diopter tele-
scope positions when viewing the ends of a known or measurable
distance in the object plane. Calculate the magnification
using the formula:
Mag. = angle subtended (dew)
2 arctan length of object (mm) =I
1 (mm) 508
Test Results. Magnification measured 15.2X through each
eyepiece.
* Nominal magnification - 15X + 3 percent. Differential
magnification - no more than-1 percent.
Test Method. Use the technique for measuring optical
magnification at the center and at the edge of the field
of view.(-) Compare the on-axis magnification to that
(1) The available test target allowed for off-axis measure-
ments to 90 percent of the fiew of view.
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measured at the off-a'x'
tions are first correic
off-axis image is fore
Left Right
Left edge
+4.8
+5.5
Center
0
0
Right edge
+2.5
+0.0
Five percent or foss.
TEB estimates that t measurement p ecision of this test, is
within 1 percent. T,h refore, the dis;'tortion measurements fall
within the stated li'mi'ts. The positive sign of the test data
denotes pincushion 4itortion.
3.1.3 Optical~r solution
Test Method. Il ce a high cont ast USAF 1951 Tribar
resolution target (?n film), emulsio side up, under the
binocular magnifier; Read the resol ition, using both eyes
simultaneously, where both vertical and horizontal sets of
bars are resolvableiat the same time]. The criteria for being
resolvable are: 1)?a clear space between each pair of
adjacent bars and 2 ach set of bar can be counted.
Test Results.
Axial
0.7 Field
0.9 Field
ine pairs/mm/malgnification power.
Percent Distortion
At Each Eyepiece_
(Median - Four Observers)
Resolut
6.8
5.4
4.3
6.8
5.4
4.3
Test Method. P ace the binocular magnifier on a milli-
meter scale and re- d the scale at opposite sides of the field
of view.
FFICIAL USE ONLY NPIC/R- 0,3/ 74
s positions. The off-axis magnifica-
ed to account or the fact that an
hortened.
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Test Results.
Left - 13.9 millimeters
Right - 13.6 millimeters
* 14 millimeters or greater.
While performing the above tests, it was noted that the two
fields seen binocularly were not perfectly superimposed.
The amount of displacement observed on the millimeter scale
for three eyepiece separation distances is given below.
Field of View Displacement
Interpupillary Distance Displacement
(millimeters) (millimeters)
50 0.6
63 0.5
76 0.5
3.1.5 Eyepiece focus and focal plane
Test Method. Set each eyepiece to the zero diopter
scale mark. Mount a diopter telescope over an eyepiece and
focus it on the emulsion side of a test grid. Note the tele-
scope diopter scale setting. Repeat the procedure for each
eyepiece.
Test Results.
Diopter Telescope Readings
Left Right
Ranged from 0 to -0.20 Ranged from -0.10 to -0.35
diopters diopters
* 0+0.25 diopters.
Each eyepiece is adjustable from +4 to -4 diopters.
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The measurementip
observer to observert
TSG, concludes that t
fore the eyepiece ze~o
recision of thi~ test varies from
The Test and Evaluation Branch, ESD/
can vary about +0.2 diopters and there-
is within acce table limits.
3.1.6 Exit pup
Test Method. P
il
la
diameter
e the binocula
r magnifier over a small
illuminated aperture,
.
Mount a diffus
ing screen over the eye-
pieces so that the e
the exit pupil sizes
Ci
w
pupils are cl
ith the apertur
arly visible. Measure
at the center of the
field of view. Repe
field of view.
at
with the apert
bre at the edge of the
Test Results.
Exit Pu
pil Dimensions
(mi
llimeters)
Aperture Position
Left
Sight
On axis
3.2
3.2 3 or greater
Edge of field of
ri
w 3.1
3.1 2 or greater
3.1.7 Eye clea
aI''
ce
'
Test Method. Lpcate the exit pupil by positioning a
diffusing screen above the eyepieces and adjust the height of
the screen until the smallest and sharpest spot of light appears
on the screen. Measir the distance from the screen's imaging
surface to the nearest surface,of the eyepiece optics or
supporting structure;.'
Test Results.
Highest yepiece Surface to Exit Pupil
Le t1 Right
19.6 m' lilimeters 19.5 millimeters
At least 20 milli elters from last optical surface of lens
to the front surf.ce of eye.
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The distance measured satisfies the intent of the specifica-
tion by locating the instrument's "exit pupil position."
This is not identical to "eye clearance" (defined in Human
Engineering Design Guide Sections 2.3 and 4.1.2.5) which in-
cludes an observer's eye pupil positioning tolerance.
3.1.8 Interpupillary distance (IPD) adjustment
Test Method. Measure the distances between exit pupils
on a if usion screen positioned above the eyepieces at max-
imum and minimum IPD settings. Examine the locking device.
Test Results.
IPD Scale Measured IPD
(millimeters) (millimeters)
76 76.5 76 mm
50 51.0 50 mm
The IPD friction locking mechanism is similar to the type used
on common binoculars. It operated adequately during the test-
ing period with no adjustment needed to the three friction set
screws. These screws extend slightly above the collar surface.
The contractor had originally planned to replace them when
shorter screws could be obtained. These replacement screws
have not arrived to date.
3.1.9 Light transmission
Test Method. Use the United Detector Technology pho-
tometer wit. the microscope head (CM-13) to measure the light
table output (at 10 inches from the source) and the throughput
of the binocular magnifier. Adjust the head over each eyepiece
in X,Y, and Z directions for maximum light output.
Test Results.
Left 29.5 percent - Right 29.9 percent
* Transmission - at least 33 percent. Differential trans-
mission - less than 10 percent.
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of the lens lies in th
horizontally. Posit.o
Test Method. Mdu
test stan w is allgw
3.1.10 Convergorn
t the bnocula
the instrumen
a camera so t
eyepiece exit
magnifier on a sturdy
to be translated
at the first surface
pupil plane. Set the
eyepieces to zero diep .ers so that the image appears to be
set at infinity to prefent the'relati e camera position from
having an effect on th measurement. Place a crosshair
target in the object plane of the magnifier and photograph
its image through ea h eyepiecd (a double exposure). Make
sure the optical axi of the camera remains parallel for
each exposure. The 1}o izontaland vertical displacements of
Misalignment (anguja
horizontal and vertical convergence
use of the following'Mrmula:
the crosshairs image, on the plotogra
horizontal and vertical linear;misali
\ photograph _
1.-I ,1 1en
t r %-F
g
Interpupillary
Distance
(millimeters)
76
63
50
H
1
legree 33 minut
s Less than 4 main.
egrees 6 minut
s of arc conver-
2
legrees 33 minu
tes gence
To several observersia
eyes to converge) is;m
accommodate at infin :t
system as specified.
h are the respective
nments. Calculate the
divergence angles by
nonparallel sy tem (which causes the
re comfortable than the parallel
parallel system causes the eyes to
However, a converging system allows
the eyes to accommod.tt' more comfortably if set for a dis-
tance of one meter. Tie Boeing Publication DK-702 recom-
mends 2.5 degrees cov rgence,'which is essentially that of
the magnifier.
- 10 -
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Vertical Misalignment
Interpupillary Vertical Divergence
Distance
(millimeters)
76 None detected Less than 2 min.
63 None detected of arc divergence
50 16 minutes
Measurements cannot readily be made of line separations less
than 0.1 mm. This corresponds to a vertical misalignment
error of approximately 3 minutes.
3.1.11 Image orientation
Test Method. Check for image rotation by examining the
photographs obtained in the convergence tests. Nonparallel
crosshair lines are an indication of image rotation. Inversion
or reversion of an image can be checked visually with a reso-
lution target.
Test Results. No evidence of image rotation was detected,
nor di image reversion or inversion occur.
3.1.12 Image quality
No bothersome field curvature, coma, astigmatism, or
lateral image color was noted during the testing program. The
beam splitter consists of a pattern of totally reflecting dots
covering exactly half of its surface area. These dots can be
seen when the eyes are above the exit pupil plane, but they
are barely perceptable when using the instrument in a normal
manner.
3.1.13 Nonabrasive base
Test Method. Simulate a scan on the emulsion side of a
fresh piece of film and examine it for scratches.
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Test Results. ~eeral tests with Type 1414 ultrathin
base film s owe, only $uch slight scr tching that the Test
and Evaluation Branch considers it to be acceptable.
3.1.14 ProvisiQnfor a reticle
Test Method. Exainine the three ketches furnished by the
contractor to de-term nJ if a reticle an be incorporated in
a future design.
Test Results. h schemes for i
consist of: 1) a re i~le placed in a
plane, 2) a reticle which can be inse
prism cover assembly, i) a reticle mo
base assembly. It is judged that eac
be incorporated into tie design witho
the instrument. A c i
cepts was not includ~d
3.1.15 Physicat
in the 1'&E program conducted thus far.
Test Method. Mea
sure and weigh the instrument.
Test Results. The instrument body measures 1.7 inches
thick, 4.4 inches wide (at maximum interpupillary distance),
and 5.4 inches high. The base; ring measures 3.1 inches
diameter. The m'agnilfier weighs 1 pound 8 ounces.
Design goals 1.5 4.5 by 5 inches and 1 pound.
3.1.16 Stabili
t1
The instrument i stable when used on the horizontal.
surface of a 1540 li,ghjt table and wi 1 not slide on clean
film with the table ti;lted up lto 15 egrees from the horizontal.
3.1.17 Miscell
ar eous
Operator and maintenance manual are provided with the
instrument. One give basic operati g instructions and
includes instructiohs for the removal of the base ring.. The
other gives instructions for the removal and replacement of
12 -
corporating a reticle
arm which is mounted
e swung into the image
ted into the erecting
nted in the removable
of these schemes could
t excessively modifying
ion of these three con-
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the eyepieces and the removal of the erecting prism cover.
Both manuals satisfactorily follow the general recommendations
called out in RED Specification DB-1003.
A compact carrying/storage case is provided with the
instrument. Its overall measurements are 8.5 inches long,
6.6 inches deep, and 3.9 inches high.
3.2 Engineering Evaluation
The binocular magnifier is a rugged instrument of generally
good mechanical and optical construction.
The magnifier has a removable chrome-plated base ring
which is flattened and highly polished over the area which
contacts the film. This ring can be easily unscrewed from its
holder and replaced or repolished in the event that it should
become scratched. The Test and Evaluation Branch recommends
the purchase of extra base rings if more instruments are
procured. This would allow the instrument to be used with a
polished base ring at all times and thus keep film scratches
at a minimum.
When the magnifier was initially delivered to NPIC, its
two optical axes were seriously misaligned. This was evident
from the fact that most people had considerable difficulty
achieving binocular image fusion and also by the results of
objective measurements of horizontal convergence and vertical
misalignment. The instrument was returned to the manufacturer
for correction, and the subsequent measurements and operational
evaluations reported herein show acceptable performance for
most viewers. This experience suggests that the horizontal
convergence angle and vertical alignment is much more important
for monoscopic viewing instruments such as this magnifier than
for instruments being used in a stereo viewing mode. Recent
progress in analyzing such viewing problems is reflected in
NPIC's Human Engineering Design Guide, Section 4.1.2.8(f;),
which recommends that binocular instruments be designed with
available adjustments to correct for both vertical and lateral
phorias of operating personnel.
Therefore, the Test and Evaluation Branch recommends that
such adjustment capability be included in any future develop-
ment for binocular monoscopic viewing. However, it is not
known if such adjustment should be made available to the user
or only to maintenance personnel.
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It is believ' that there is less need for such adjust-
ment capability o~''instruments which are used only for stereo
viewing. In the atter case, the user accomplishes a sub-
stitute fine adjust ent by shifting the relative position of
the two objects t. achieve best fusion for him. For this
reason, it is alsb recommended that the need for phoria cor-
rection on stereolli struments be resolved by suitable, ad-
ditional investigtion. At the sane time, it should be
determined whethep'such adjustmentls on mono and stereo in-
struments should be available to the operator or only to
maintenance person,el.
3.3 Operational yialuation
The binocularlm
components located
received from three
tion from the fount
comments follows.
The ins trume
tion techntq
agnifier'was evaluated by all operating
within the building. Verbal comments were
of these compo ents and a written evalua-
h. A summary of their most significant
nt does nothing; to advance image exploita-
ues presently ayailable to the photo-
Photointerpreters would rather use
microstereos!copes and conventional tube magnifiers,
if available.
? No negative comments were received regarding the
optical pe ormance of the ;instrument.
o Not convene tly portable. The weight prohibits
carrying tie unit on,a necks chain.
e The unit is too tall to leaf e on a 1540 light table.
It can be swept off the tablle by movement of the
microscope bridge.
o The instrume,t is more difficult to use than the
tube magnifiers presently available to the photo-
interpreter.
? Opaque prints cannot be vie wed, nor can the area of
interest be ,marked on the flm because of an exceed-
ingly small:11working distanc__1Ie. Since the erecting
prism coverlis within one-fourth inch of the object
plane, it physically restricts the area of interest
and does nptl allow overhead light to shine on it.
e The metal 'I)epiece surfaces
14 -
can scratch eye glasses.
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interpreter.
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Distribution List
Activity
NPIC/TSG/TOS (through Ch/TSG)
NPIC/TSG/RED/P&AB (through Ch/RED)
NPIC/TSG/RED Project Officer
No. Of Copies
1
NPIC/TSG/ESD
1
NPIC/PSG/R&RD/pB
9
NPIC/PSG/R&RD Library
3
NPIC/PSG/R&RD/M&IRB
2
NPIC/PS/PAB
1
NPIC/IEG/TPS
1
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2
DIA/DI-8
1
Army/SPA
1
8
6
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