A PROPOSAL FOR THREE ADVANCED PHOTO-INTERPRETATION LIGHT TABLES

Document Type: 
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 
CIA-RDP78B04747A001400040003-0
Release Decision: 
RIPPUB
Original Classification: 
K
Document Page Count: 
22
Document Creation Date: 
December 28, 2016
Document Release Date: 
February 8, 2002
Sequence Number: 
3
Case Number: 
Publication Date: 
April 24, 1964
Content Type: 
MISC
File: 
AttachmentSize
PDF icon CIA-RDP78B04747A001400040003-0.pdf1.16 MB
Body: 
Approved For Release 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78BO4747AO01400040003-0 A PROPOSAL FOR THREE ADVANCED PHOTO-INTERPRETATION LIGHT TABLES 24 April 1964 Declass Review by NIMA / DoD STATINTL STATINTL TATINTL (STATINTL Approved For Release 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78BO4747AO01400040003-0 STATINTL I Approved For Release 20T2/06/17 : CIA-RDP78B04747A41400040003-0 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION C. SPECTRAL QUALITY OF FLUORESCENT LIGHTS AND HUMAN REACTIONS AN ADVANCED TILT TOP LIGHT TABLE (Item A. MECHANICAL CONFIGURATION B. LIGI-ITING AND ELECTRICAL FEATURES AN ADVANCED FILM-VIEWING LIGHT TABLE WITH A TRANS- LATING MICROSCOPE CARRIAGE (Item U) STATINTL A. TRANSLATING MICROSCOPE CARRIAGE B. MICROSCOPE MOUNTING C. FINE MICROMETER MOTION IV. AN ADVANCED FILM-VIEWING LIGHT TABLE WITH A TRANS- LATING MICROSCOPE CARRIAGE AND HIGH INTENSITY TRACKING LIGHT SOURCES (Item III) V. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Approved For Release 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78B04747A001400040003-0 Approved For elease 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78BO4747AO01400040003-0 STATINTL TIO STATINTL The barlf*t tool used in 1hatrapbi" balaaa utwd acre s tub m# V inrorleo fly. mare ca4dary co*$ll.raw in$*rp:otal o* sail S. mast + alt the light tables Pros light box" tm wb1e:$ c v**jonal fuor.art"t $scsxublod fra readily a, shop. 1. Pro r*aq romo s which &r 3. 1e transport Iy"*m. tables., ss we Inter r.t tbs tree dreslgak rrequ ,rao is of tip 'r r~r a easy load ur+a the ys lo; iCai straf a associated with the b ent 4'=40A$J0u,. Iftcarporate into ~ccor4i top ba pan 7 for accurate nstom*, "OW The three light tables tbst acre +i#scarbaer la the Prreseatly wing features Arwe urjor product aty1lsedo bum" e inacr+ chag Approved For Release 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78BO4747AO01400040003-0 * Precision oaic,as+s tsw tbre xeaora ari axt light tables STATINTL I Approve or Release : CIA-RDP78BO4747AQD1400040003-0 lisninntion of ae capie or flicker eet but ruU t"We4d design. ,vl po'witive a ra previously required to handle. various A superior mechanical fUm drive ? by of the film tolaion. in a - the Mm being traaa erred directly from. astg of t u+e light 10 s The prop each describing the This disc eseerp ties. which will be common or 0 143s+ee USht "le*. Thus the sections devoted to the deecr tfoea of the precision microscope light sources. described io this prepo six M , and item STATINTL 04 STATINTL of 4* the .light tables. The first been divided iMa We* sec an advanced tilt top light table. , loudi , and illunAsaaa a techniques wbich lot responsible for the development saad a mmompus d to id film proc*ssiAg a , pmeuts as well as Assists, will be p, STATINTL Approved For Release 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78BO4747AO01400040003-0 Approved For Release 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78B04747A001400040003-0 ADIh JCED TILT TOP LIGHT TABLE l `Bute na Approved For Release 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78B04747A001400040003-0 Approved For R ease 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78B04747AO01400040003-0 STATINTL U. AN ADVANCED TILT TOP" LIGHT TABLE (ITEM 11 A. MECHANICAL CONFIGURATION The light table will be of rugged mechanical construction using the best materials available. It has been determined that the overall size of the table can be maintained as specified in the technical exhibit and yet permit the required adjustments to be made. Although weight will be given due consideration, one design goal will be not to sacrifice ruggedness for a decrease in weight in any of the members or mechanisms involved. All tolerances and allowances will two commenarurate with good design practice. will be decorative and. protective. It is requested that the customer specify the desired finish. Preliminary layouts have indicated that all mechanisms required to perform the specified functions can be of basic "tried and true* design. Ruggedness. reliability, and simplicity of operation will be cardinal in each design feature of the light table. 1. Overall Size Preliminary layouts, have disclosed that the specified else of the ht table can be maintained and yet permfit all necessary adjustments to made. The external configuration will be no larger than 32" long x 16" wide x 91' high less film transport mechanism. Handwheels will be recessed to fit into the light table case. 2. SMol Loading and Holding Mechanism The spool loading and holding mechanism will be so designed to accept single spools of 9-1/2". 5""1. and 70mm film or dual rolls of either 5" or 70mm film of 500 foot capacity. The holding mechanism will be design to operate from one hand crank driving right hand and left hand screws (see Sketch B). Single rolls of film will be inserted into the holder and supported on adjustable rollers. By simply turning one crank, the operator can fit the film spool and take-up spool simultaneously into the film transport system. To eliminate the need for variouae adapters to drive different film spools, the spools will be initially centered on axis with a cone shaped pin. and STATINTL I Approved For Release 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78B04747A001400040003-0 Approved For Rele a 2002/06/17 : C14=RDP78B04747A001400040003-0 MAGNETIC FILM HOLDING MECHANISM- SPOOL HOLDING MECHANISM 11 BLANKING SCREEN TOP VIEW - ADVANCED LIGHT TABLE .8ketch - B Approved For Release 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78BO4747AO01400040003-0 Approved For Reuse 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78B04747A441400040003-0 y discs. This method will provide an extremely rapid film loading system. The film spools will be hold rigidly during the entire operation of the system; therefore no danger of dropping the pools will occur at any table elevation. The film spools are released by simply cracking the crank on the holding mechanism. Center posts will be provided for handling dual film rolls. These posts will slide into dove-tailed slots in the track supporting the holding mechanism. Provision will be made for storage of the center posts with the syletem. 3. Film Transport The film transport system shall permit bi-directional film motion controllable from either end. It will permit both winding and unwinding with one crank located at the right hand side of the light table. The proposed system will be electromechanical using a scheme of magnetic clutches actuated from pushbutton switches located on the light table control console. Both ends (supply and take-up) will be mechanically connected through a chain drive. Power will be manual (hand control) through a two-speed transmission to a splined shaft carrying two sprockets to drive the chain. A magnetic clutch arrangement will be used on the splined shaft to engage the sprockets as required to obtain the desired film motion. This scheme will allow the simultaneous transport of both reels or allow each reel to be d separately in either direction. A small two-speed gear box will be used to provide a slow mode for rapid transport and a fine control for viewing. Gear ratios will be changed manually at the transmission. The transmission will employ anti-backlash Sears. The handwh.el will be balanced for smooth operation and elimination of drift in the system when the handwheeel is released and the film is being viewed. Gear ratios will be carefully chosen to provide optimum transport in the slow mode and to give the operator a fine control of the film during viewing. A friction brake will be incorporated on the power output shaft so that the transport ieystem. can be adjusted to the "feel''' of each operator using the equipment under different load conditions. Inertial damping will bee used where necessary to provide a smooth drive system. Approved For Release 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78BO4747AO01400040003-0 Approved For Release 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78B04747*001400040003-0 STATINTL 4* WIlt ec an sm 04 A tilt mechanism will be provided to allow the table to be tilted 150 to the right or left (see Sketch A). The 15? tilt mechanism will employ tele- scoping screw jacks driven by a gear and pinion from haandwheels and locked by a friction device. The jacks will be located at each end of the long axis of the table. Once the table is tilted and locked, this position will be maintained no matter how film is shifted and will support a load of 75 pounds without changing position. The contractor will design the tilt mechanism to be as rugged as possible. This design will enable the operator to adjust the table in the right and left (15?) position while the table is in any forward and aft position (45?) or visa versa. 5. Film Hold-Down Mechanism To prevent damage to the film during transport, it is desirable to have the film travel an obstruction-free path from spool to spool. Yet for proper reading, the film must be placed securely on the viewing surface. The contractor will accomplish this action 'by using spring loaded hold-down bars (see Sketch C) actuated by solenoids. A plunger actuated by first motion of the hand crank (inertial device) will trigger a microswitch which will in turn close a circuit applying power to solenoids to lift two felt lined bars used to hold the film flat on the viewing surface. The film will pass freely between the bars and top surface of the light table during transport. When motion stops the solenoids will be de-energised allowing spring action to pull the bars and film tightly against the viewing surface. An electrical over- ride will be provided to release the bars to facilitate film loading. b. Light Shades Light shades will be provided to shield all areas of the lighted sur- faces not covered by film. The light shades will be roller mounted, spring loaded and located on the bottom surface of the illuminated viewing area. The shades will be automatically adjusted to thin a propriate width. by connesctfn the leadiner edge of the shade to the film holding mechanism (see Sketch By. As the holding mechanism is moved in or out to accept the required film spool or spools, the light shades will be automatically adjusted to blank out the unused viewing area. STATINTL I Approved For Release 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78B04747A001400040003-0 Approved For Release 2002/06/17: CIA,RDP78B04747A001400040003-0 TELESCOPING JACK 15 ? TILT I4ECHANISM Sketch -' A Approved For Release 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78B04747A001400040003-0 Approved For Release 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78B04747A001400040003-0 MAGNETIC FILM HOLDING MECHANISM - #L m . '1 ter, r, Imo' NO le-A= - 45? ELEVATION ADJUSTMENT FRONT VIEW - ADVANCED LIGHT TABLE Sketch - C Approved For Release 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78B04747A001400040003-0 Approved Fo elease 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78B0474YA001400040003-0 STATINTL f iewin dual s 1s, an insert will be provided to slip into a cane o v g in VMS A storage space will be pro- vided thus blanking out the, area between film.. post, it is anticipated vided for the insert. By careful design of the center pd l t' ' ill not excee distance between any two film strips w. 7. Controls and Accessories fn addition to the aforementioned controls for manual dri tilt adjustment, the unit will contain the following electrical aontrats a. power switch and indicator lighht b. Brightness control c. Film rotation direction controls d. Hold down bar override switch ditb to the above controls, SbL l d n In a actuate d a ~.nte?netess_and in hes. This will alwaysbe a scale at 0-n.9-and counters a w of measurement. tacos zv ww__ be supplied to provide the operator with an index to frame location. The VW" counters will be driven from the film transport drive chain. g. Overall Confi uratian The light table will be of smooth construction using presently accepted industrial) design standards. All mechanisms and film- ralle _e covered This design phil? to present a streamlined arauca and addle, otection. will interfere with ruggedness osophy will not be practiced where strear6kining or ease of operation and maintenance. Placement of controls will be for optimum operator ease. Human engineering will be given every consideration in the design of the unit. B. LIGH'T'ING AND ELECTRICAL FEATURES The illumination system shall be composed of a cold cathode fluorescent d AT% an construct' d a diffusing plate. The lamp will be especially ,~, ..,mo encapsulated mount 12-1/211 x 19-1/V x 1-1 /Z ``. The illumination system shall provide 1800 feet Lamberts maximum light output and. also a dimmer control to gradually reduce this to 15% of the original value by means of a quency. solid state power supply. STATINTL I Approved For Release 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78B04747A001400040003-0 Approved For Release 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78B04747A0Q1400040003-0 STATINTL Dimmer Control I 10 KC Trigger Circuit IlOv 60 cps Input Regulated Rectifier Silicon Controlled Rectifier 5000 Volt Auto Transformer Figure E. Fluorescent Lamp Dimmer Control Flow Diagram STATINTL Approved For Release 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78BO4747AO01400040003-0 Cold Cathode Lamp Approved For Release 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78B04747Af001400040003-0 STATINTL e 1amps producing an illumination of 2300 foot lamber a s . ~ been utilized in a. photographic film viewer and reported by Howard S. Glick(". Thus there appears to be no difficulty in meeting or exceeding the illumination level specified in the technical exhibit, 1. Lamp Typ A single special cold cathode fluorescent lamp of special configuration ized. The required brightness level will be obtained by using a single small diameter (12mm) bulb, folded or spiraled and encatps,]a- trl to prav a replaceable panel 12-1/2" x 19-1/2" x 1-1/2". The Special lamp will resul in increased efficiency and more uniform illumination. Standard fluorescent lamps cannot approach the required brightness simply because of their geometry. They cannot be arranged to fit the box area. We propose to procure several lamp configurations and their associated components to compare their brightness, light uniformity. dimming control. 2. Dimmer Control The design shown in the flow diagram in Figure E illustra electronic control which regulates the amount of current and the time during which the current will flow through the lamps. The dimming control determines voltage applied to the silicon controlled rectifiers and adjusts the point in the cycle at which the tube begins to conduct. The advantage of utilizing high frequency modulation is that: a. Stroboscopic effects are eliminated b. The lamp efficiency is increased about 6% c. The transformers are 1/2 the size, 1/3 the weight, and result in 1/5 the beat compared to 60 cps transformers d. The component hum. frequency can be made beyond the human audible range. (The audible frequency due to lamination hum is twice the chosen electrical frequency.) e. Capacitors can be used instead of ballasts at high frequency. lick, Howard S., "Inspecting, Photographic Film, " Illuminating Engineerin January 1964, 59:22-23 STATINTL Approved For Release 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78BO4747AO01400040003-0 Approved For Release 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78BO4747AQ01400040003-0 f. A dimmer control can be provided for a range of 100:1 instead of the 6. 7:1 range requested in the technical exhibit. Heating The distribution of energy in a 40-watt fluorescent lamp is approxi- mately as follows: 60% is converted to ultra-violet energy 38% appears as lamp heat 2% is converted to the visible spe'atrurn in the mercury lines of 4047 and 4358 angstroms. Of the 60% which is converted to ultraviolet energy, only about 23. formed by the fluorescent materials Into visible light. Thus the final distri- bution of the energy placed into the lamp is: a. Light 16. 5% b. Radiated heat 37. 5% (follows the light) c. Convection and Conduction 46% (dissipated by heating the surrounding air and conduction to fixture parts) Using the above approximate factors, the proposed 500 watt lamp will produce 230 watts of convected or conducted heat and 187 watts of radiated heat. The transformer and electronics will result in another heat loss of about 250 watts. Thus the overall heating effect will be 2270 BTU/hour at the rate of 3414 BTU/KW hour. We believe the above heat can be transferred to the case and cooled ufficiently by convection if ventilation holes are appropriately positioned along the aides and lower surface of the housing. 4. Flicker and Stroboscopic Effects Every lamp burned on alternating current has a nonuniform 1 output due to the cyclic variation of the current. However, these variations are associated primarily with law frequency 60 cycle power. The iboscopic effect will be virtually eliminated by the use of the proposed equency supply since the persistence of the phosphor glow or phos- phorescence will eliminate any noticeable light variations at high frequencies. Approved For Release 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78BO4747AO01400040003-0 Approved For Release 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78BO4747AO01400040003-0 STATINTL to low starting voltage will not be a problem in the proposed design because hot cathode lamps probably because of the higher arc voltage. Flicker due Another method of reducing the variation in light, is to employ two lamps, one operated with a leading power factor and the second with a lagging power factor. This is accomplished by adding a series capacitor to one lamp circuit. Thus the light from one lamp is at maximum, the other will be about l2iio out of phase. While this is effective in reducing the flicker at at 60 cps, we do not believe it will be required when a high frequency power supply is utilized. Flicker can also be caused by failure to start and could be a problem in dimming controls in which the voltage is reduced to lower the lamp current or brightness. Cold cathode lamps do not exhibit as much stroboscopic effect accomplished by adjusting the time duration or period of the hen the lamp is turned on--not by reducing the starting voltage. 5. Weight and Six* The weight and size of the high frequency control circuitry will be substantially reduced compared with 60 cycle transformer and ballast com- A.s previously mentioned, these, components will be reduced by at least 1/2 in sist and 1/3 in weight of comparable 60 cycle components. Since cold cathode lamps have been selected, low voltage cathode heater transformers are not required. Employment of high frequencies also makes it possible to utilize capacitors to replace ballasts. 6. Lamp Life Still another reason for selecting at cold cathode over a hot cathode fluorescent lamp is that an increase in lamp life is obtained. Then .life of a lamp Is, lengthened when the burning period per start is Increased. The lamp life for a hot cathode lamp based on a burning time of 3 hours is 7, 500 hours. The. cold cathode lamps on the other hand have corresponding rated lives of 12, 500 and 25, 000 hours depending upon the pressure and lamp current. Their life is not affected by off-on cycling as are hot cathode lamps. However, light output decreases throughout their life and thus it is usually economical to replace them prior to actual, failure. One manufacturer of cold cathode lamps STATINTL Approved For Release 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78BO4747AO01400040003-0 Approved For Ref ase 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78BO4747Ai 1400040003-0 STATINTL STATINTL in cotes their lamps decrease 10% in 100 hours and 10% the following 1 000 hours of operation. Thus for photographic; interpretation it may be advantageous to replace the lamps at 6 month intervals #or cold cathode lamps and much ror* frequently in light tables employing hot cathode fluorescent lamps. Approved For Release 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78BO4747AO01400040003-0 STATINTL Approved or a eas 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78B04747AQL 1400040003-0 C. SPECTRAL QUALITY OF FLUORESCENT LIGHTS AND HUMAN REACTIONS s light sources that provide warm, soft illumination as o o d to cold, harsh illumination are preferred by most people, Such light soursese generally have least effect on neutral colors. There is no particular frequency range that ha been proven easier on th e eyes than any other. Maximum visibility (i. e.. sensitivity of the retina) is realized at 5550 angstroms in the greenish yellow part of the spectrum. Ease of viewing is determined more by such factors as con- trast, glare, and the nature of the material being `v'iewed by the spectral quality of the light. There are two types of contrast which .affect ease of viewing: 1. Contrast between the various portions of the material being viewed - This should be rn&xirnized if optimum visual acuity is to be obtained. (Relation reaches asymptote at about 85% contrast.) 2. Contrast between the illumination on the material being viewed and the ambient illumination - Visual efficiency is sacrificed when the ambient illumination is less than 1/ 10 as bright as the material being viewed. D. OTHER HUMAN ENGINEERING CON: IDERATIONS 1. The users' line-of-siie should ideally be', perpendicular to the material being viewed. Deviations, of + 450 .are acceptable if the perpen- dicular criterion cannot be met. rt 2. Information available as a result of anthropometric (the science of measuring human body dimensions) studies should also be utilized if equipment is to be designed for optimum human performance. The problem in designing work areas for human body dirnetnsiona is essentially one in which efforts should be made to accarnodate as large a portion of the population of potential users as possible. Proper application of anthro- n,nrrt i.4r? ge-+s ill w contribute significantly to the solution of this problem. STATINTL I Approved For Release 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78BO4747AO01400040003-0 STATINTL STATINTL e 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78B04747A001400040003-0 III. AN ADVANCED FILM-VIEWING LIGHT TABLE WITH A TRANSLATING OCROSCO151! CA111101 (Item The features proposed in the basic light table will be incorporated in the advanced Film Viewing Light Table with a Translating Microscope Carriage in addition to the following features: A. TRANSLATING MICROSCOPE CARRL,GE The contractor will provide a carriage for translating a stereo micro- scope or microstereos cope in both X & Y directions over the illuminated format. The optical center of the microscope shall scan an area of 10" x 35". The carriage will be so designed to permit complete scanning of the area and shall commerce one-half Inch from the right hand edge of the illuminated area as defined in the technical exhibit. The carriage motion shall be smooth, positive, low friction motion which is free of vibration. The contractor proposes to drive the carriage in both X & Y directions by use of ball bearing screws and handwheeels. This method will give positive motion with no vibration. By using this method of carriage transport, a consistent motion with no position of lesser or greater resistance will be realized. Friction locking devices will be used to lock the carriage in X & Y at any position of travel. A design,goal will be to so mount the carriage and microscope mount to facilitate easy removal and replacement of the entire assembly from the light table should the operator desire to use the table simply as a viewing surface. Vee ways will be used to support the m'croscope in both the X & Y axes thuer giving optimum stability and precision of motion. The ways will be so designed and of such precision as to permit less than . 002" of motion at the longest possible lever arm when a 5 pound force is applied. B. MICROSCOPE MOUNTING A rigid mounting bracket will be provided to mount the three micro- scopes specified in the technical exhibit. Adapters will be equipped with captive screws for easy removal or installation of any adapter. The mounting base will be guided by vees circular in construction to per resit I800 rotation of the base. Spring loading will be used to secure the base Approved For Release 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78BO4747AO01400040003-0 se 2002/06/17: CIA-RDP78B04747AQD-1400040003-0 IV. AN ADVANCED FILM?VIEWING LIGHT TABLE WITH A T`RANSLAT tG d __ MM Awff .1 - S teem In addition to the features proposed in the Advanced Film Viewing Light Table with a Translating Microscope Carriage. the contractor will supply two high intensity collimated light sources. The light sources and a lens Systetm will provide a collimated beam of high intensity light that will be directed to a 450 reflecting surface that is located beneath the viewing surface and above the general illumination surface. The light beams will then be focused on the objectives of the stereorrsicroecope. The light sources and lens systems will be packaged in one unit and mounted ex- ternal to the light table proper to eliminate the cooling problem. The light sources will be connected by a mechanical linkage to the micro- scope carriage for transport along the X & Y axes of the light table. 1 iflr- rors will be connected by a system of belts and pullies to the microscope transport. Motion imparted to the microscope carriage will translate the mirrors and light sources in synchronism with the microscope. A. INDEPENDENT ADJUSTMENT CONTROL Mechanical adjustments will be provided to allow independent positioning and alignment of each light source and mirror. This adjustment will be external to the light table proper and so located to provide adjustment with ease. A lock mechanism will be provided to lock the reflectors in syn- chronism with the microscope carriage. The reflectors will be so;:mounted that they can be positioned on the separate objectives of a microscope or be- neath the single objective of a stereomicroscope. By using mirrors, a separation of 50mm from center can be maintained. The light sources and reflectors will track through the total scan rungs of 10=+ x 35". Approved For Release 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78BO4747AO01400040003-0 STATINTL Appreved se 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78B04747A*01400040003-0 guide block. C. ] 'INZ MICROMETER MOTION The microscope mounting plate will be so designed to allow for + Zcm of micrometer adjustment in the X t, Y directions. This motion shall be a precision auxiliary motion accomplished after the main translational carri- ages have been locked in position. Micrometers will be selected to pro- duce the most accurate adjustment with the least reading effort required. STATINTL The contractor is propooing a mount and vernier adjustment system, or equiv specified, in the technical exhibit. to moot the accuracies STATINTL I Approved For Release 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78BO4747AO01400040003-0 STATINTL Approved For Release 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78BO4747AO01400040003-0 Next 5 Page(s) In Document Exempt Approved For Release 2002/06/17 : CIA-RDP78BO4747AO01400040003-0