CHANGE DETECTOR PROGRAM UNSOLICITED PROPOSAL FOR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78B04747A002600010005-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 20
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 15, 2011
• Sequence Number: 5
• Publication Date: June 14, 1962
• Content Type: LETTER

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STAT
June 14,. 1962
U S Army Corps of Engineers
GIM ADA
Fort Eelvoir, Virginia
Chief,
Intelligence Division
Subject: Change Detector Program
Unsolicited Proposal fob
Reference: (A) Letter X51.-.AD3605, 6 April 1962
Enclosure: (1) Supplemental Work Statement
(2) Supplemental Casts Proposal
This letter supplements our letter of quotation. reference (A),
and its enclosures.
The 1juotation provided in reference (A) -remains firm through 15 July.,
1962,
SSLaapplemcntal work, described in Enclosure (1),. will be provided at
$12,769 additional cost on a cost-.plus-a-fixed..fee type of contract.
Please see Enclosure (2) for cost breakdown,
Yours very truly.,
STAT
STAT
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Enclosure (1) to letter to U S Army, Corps of Engineers
dated 14 June 1962
SUPPLFIM MENTAL WORK STATEMENT
During the predesign study, will
investigate the problem of utilizing multi-format input data to
the change detector
Consideration will be given to the effects on the change detector
(size,, weight, accuracy and cost) of changing the film transport
mechanism to handle film formats of 70 mm X 70 msn~-5" -X 5 ;?-gate -
? ?? x 93" in size and in quantities up to 150 feet in length.
This investigation will be based on utilization of a standard
aperture of 70 mm X 70 z= size,
STAT
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STAT
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U. S. ARMY ENGINEER
OWDESY. 3NTRLLIG R AND MAPPING RESEARCH AND
PORT BELVOIR, VIRGINIA
INTELLIGENCE DIVISION
PURCHASE DESCRIPTION
CEITS
1.
2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS
3. REQUIRFNNTS
3.1 Concept of Use
3.2 Description
3.3 Operation
3.4 Auxiliary Equipment
3.5 Manuals
3.6 ProbleVs
4. PROGRAM
4.1 Tasks
4.2 System Predesign Study
4.3 Display Data processing studies
4.4 Design and Fabrication
3. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS
6. PREPARATION FOR DELIVERY
7. NOTES
9 April 1962
Page 1
(Exhibit B)
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SCOPE
This Purchase Description covers the development and fabrication of a
change detector that will ccmxare two sets of imagery taken of the same
geographic area at different times and will display and locate (with
reference to one of the scenes) any changes that occurred between the times
that the imagery was obtained.
2. APPLICABLE DOCIKWTS
2.1 The following report covers the present status of work on change de-
tection using the approach described herein: "Change Detector Studies?",
STAT
3. REQUIREXMTS
3.1 Concept of Use
Imagery obtained for intelligence purposes must be carefully
studied to extract as much information as possible. If additional coverage
is obtained of the same area at a later time, the primary points of interest
are most likely to be those where changes have taken place during the
interval between the times that the two sets were taken. The use of a
Change Detector, which would automatically display these changes, would
enable the interpreter to spend his time on the most promising areas
without having to do the routine time-consuming scanning of all the imagery
to detect changes. Subsequent coverage could be compared with any of the
earlier sets. For use in the Change Detector, imagery must have been ob-
tained along flight lines in the same direction as the set with which it
is to be compared. Scenes cannot be expected to match exactly with those
from a previous mission, but the portions that do match can be compared
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for changes. The two rolls of film will not cover exactly the same area;
will not be just the same; and alignment will vary. In fact, the
lines of flight may diverge so the overlap disappears. The machine would
cease to operate in such a case. If sufficient overlap resumes, the rolls
will have to be realigned manually. it is expected that an operator will
be needed to make the necessary display adjustments and have some part in
recording the locations of the changes. If it is found desirable, the
user can provideea camera which the operator would use to take photographs
of the frames on which changes are shown. Or coordinates could be re-
dad on tape or punch cards as the operator uses a pointer or a reticle
to pinpoint the locations. it is expected that the Change Detector can be
used with infrared or radar imagery as well as aerial photography.
3.2 Description
The Change Detector will be a console that consists of a Comparator
Unit and a Display Unit.
3.2.1 The Comparator Unit will consist of the following assemblies.
3.2.1.1 Film Transport Meachaec-ism.- The equipment will handle two 100-foot
rolls of 70 no. film with manual and/or automatic advancement of the film
on a frame by frame and/or partial frame basis. Frame counters will be
Included. Manual tip-tilt adjustments will be provided. Azimuth adjust-
ment will be made by rotating one roll t 90?`. This asse t-y also will in-
clude the condensing optics and the photcmniitiplier readout sensors.
3.2.1.2 L 1Jyl#2g1 t acbaniem. This is the optical system consist-
ing of: the lenses (to be determined in the predesign study) that can be
translated in x and y directions for displacement adjustment and axially
to provide magnification for scale adjustment; and the electromechanical
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a to drive the lenses in these three directions.
3.2.1.3 Tight Sources and Associated
w w .w Optics.- This assembly will consist of
wrrww.
the back-light, mirrors and lenses necessary to ire one scene on the
other for registration. There will be automatic transition from registra-
tion to display.
3.2.1.4 Co +arator,Electronics.- This assembly will include the circuitry
required to drive the electromechanical components, the electronics necessary
.to generate the flying spot scanner, the amplification of video signals
for each channel, and the high-voltage power for the photo-multiplier babas
and the cathode ray tubes.
3.2.2 The Display Unit will consist of the following assemblies:
3.2.2.1 Two Monitors.- The comparison scene monitor will display, at the
option of the operator, either the comparison or reference scene, or show
a "flicker" presentation. The c
a display monitor willprasrent, at the
option of the operator, the change display or the reference scene. There
will be an option on showing changes as black or white or both. The
tons will be 14-inch TV type tubes with a 525-line rester.
3.2.2.2 Oatration Controls.- These will include the control for the follow-
irg operations: frame adjustment, frame audvance, controls for alignment in
'I
x and y directions and scale factor for each roll of film, initiating
controls for automatic registration, noise rejection, area blow-up, flicker
option, video gain for contrast control of each channel, tip-tilt control,
and polarity control.
3.2.2.3 Position Readout Asaeublt.- Capability will be provided to locate
changes on the frames of the comparison roll with a maximum error of ? 5X,
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measured at the film plane, as the design goal. Numerical coordinates with
respect to the frame will be displayed, and analog outputs in x and y
coordinates will be provided at) punch card or tape equipment can be plugged
if desired, to record the coordinates of the changes.
3.2.2.4 Diaglay Wit Electronics.- This will include the
rejection
circuitry and all the power supplies except the high-voltage supplies.
3.3 operation
The Change Detector will have the operational characteristics
described herein. The input will be two 184-# ct rolls of 70 mm. trans-
parencies, both positive or both negative, each roll covering approximately
the same geographic area.
3.3.1 Relistration.- When the two rolls of transparencies are first put
into the change detector, the operator will align the two rolls to that
approximately the same area is shown on each scene that is in position for
examination. Correlation will be automatic and/or manual by the movement
of lenses and optical wedges within the following limitations:
Translation in x and y directions, with 10 to Its overlap, design
goal.
- t
Time - initial alignment by operator less than 2 minutes, then less
V
than 30 seconds per frame for correlation and comparison.
3.3.2 Col-arison.- While the correlation system is locked in position to
keep the two scenes in registration, a video-difference detector will be
used to compare the two views. A flying spot scanner with the aid of a
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split optical system will scan the two ages simultaneously Po
point. The video signals obtained from the photomultipliers will be ampli-
fied and subtracted and used to modulate the intensity of the display on
the monitor screen.
3.3.3 Di .- Presentation will be on two 14-inch TV monitor screens
with 525-liens rasters. (This will give approximately 5x magnification for
70 mm. film.) On the comparison scene monitor (left screen) the operator
can view either the reference or comparison scene or have a "flicker"
presentation (he is expected to be concerned primarily with the comparison
scene). on the display monitor (right screen) the operator will normally
be viewing the change display, although he can switch to the reference
scene. The change display will show changes as very light or very dark
areas on a low-contrast gray background scene formed by the superimposed
reference and comparison scenes. Automatic from. counters will be pro-
vided so the number of the frame an each roll will be conveniently dis-
played. The counter numbers will be adjustable so they can be set to
coincide with any numbers between 001 and 999 that may be on the photo
frames.
3.3.4 Variable MWificatiorx.- Normal screen presentation will magnify
the input transparencies approximately 5 times. Variable magnification
will be provided so any portion of the film can be blown up approximately
4O tine for more detailed examination when desired.
3.4 Mixilisrrp Equigmsnt.-
In addition to the Change Detector consol, the Contractor shall
also furnish the following Auxiliary Equipwient as a part of this contract:
3.4.1 Briefing Materials.- The Contractor will furnish GSA with the
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following briefing aids: briefing charts (not more than 30) prepared in
accordance with Corps of Engineers standards; a 35- . color slide of each
chart; and photographs of the various components of the Change Detector
3.6 Pre,,,,bl.? The Contractor will give consideration to the following
problem in his development and design of the Change Detector.
"Operation Manual" for the Change Detector.
3.5.2 Maintenance Manual. The Contractor will furnish five (5)
a "M*tntenance Manual" for the Change Detector.
3.5.1 operation Masa1. The Contractor will furnish ten (10) copies of an
as the work progresses.
3.4.2 70-mm. Splicer.
3.4.3 USAF Resolution Chart. ae
3.4.4 Set of final Assembly Drawings and Circuit Schematics.
3.4.3 Chair. The Contractor will provide an adjustable chair for the
operator to use.
3.5 Imo? uals...
3.6.2. Unwanted Cages
or problem in the development of the Change
Detector will be the unwanted changes such as those caused by differences
in season (vegetative cover) and time of day (shadow differeasces). other
such variables are cloud or snow cover, improper exposure, and soil moisture
conditions. Such differences would normally be shown as changes unless
provision is made to reject such data. It may be possible to adjust clipping
levels to the video signals to prevent some of these differences from be-
ing shown the screen. Provision will be weals for rejecting unwanted
changes and noise as effectively as possible.
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3.6.2 AMMrDiscsl.acs nt.- Any object that is Photographed from two
different points in space will have Sam difference in appearance on the
photos. If both views are nearly vertical or taken from approximately the
same angle, the differences between the two images will not be groat
enough to affect the performance ofthe Change Detector. if the diff*rsnce
in position is great enough to significantly modify the image, the perspec-
tive differences will be shown as changes. Oblique views taken from different
points will have varying scales, which, if extreme enough, may make correla-
tion impossible. Tests will be as" to determine the magi. a angular dif-
ference that the Change Detector can tolerate without showing perspective
differences as changes.
4. PROGRM
4.1 Tasks.-
The Change Detector program has, been divided into four major
tasks: System predesign study, Display processing studies, resign and
fabrication of prototype model, and Evaluation.
4.2 ,stem tredesie Study. -
Some predesign studies will be necessary before the design can be
finalised. Same of the items that will be investigated are: selection of
lens system with accurate resolution and fidelity to permit accurate acme
registration, console configuration, tolerances can various mechanical and
electrical components. method 6f film loading and frame advance, method of
masking the scenes for correlation, and
sition read-out. The
Coicactor will consider the effects of changing the film transport mechanism
to handle multi-format inputs of film from 70 mm. to 9 inches in size,
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although only the area. of a 70 mm. format would be under examination at a
time. The Contractor will furnish his recommendations concerning this
wdification to the present concept of the Change Detector to handle these
formats.
4.3 jg2l" Data Processing Studies.-
Studies .our.... r rrwill be m ad> to determine the display presentation that
will furnish the optimum data to the operator. The various display options
require further study. Methods of displaying the actual changes will be
igated. There will be *me noise and unwanted changes that will
clutter the screen and make it difficult to pick out the important changes.
Shadows and clouds can probably be rejected using a "clipping" technique.
Seasonal and perspective changes present a greater problem. This study
will investigate any technique which could improve the capabilities of the
equipment to eliminate the unwanted changes.
4.4 Mtga and Fabrication.-
The prototype model will be designed and fabricated to meet the
requirements listed in paragraph 3 above and the decisions made based an
the results obtained from the Predeaign and Display studies described in
paragraph 4 above. Some of these studies will overlap the design and
fabrication stage, as time is limited, but certain phases of design can be
started before all the results of these tests are needed.
4.4.1 The Change Detector will be designed to require a minims= of main-
tenance. Design will be such that any routine maintenance can be handled
by an operator who does not have any prior experience with maintenance of
electronic devices.
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4.4.2 Standard designs, components, and equipment including electronics
rporated into the Change Detector whenever possible.
4.4.3 There are three major areas of activity in this phase: (a)
optical and electromechanical parts required to perform image correlation
and film handling; (b) the electronics required to perform the image
registration, data comparison, and display data processing;
console and equipment to Integrate all these components into the final
assembly.
4.5 Evaluation.-
The prototype model will be adequately tested by the Contractor
during the period of the contract to assure -e el s -the-Pro3eet-
g that it will operate satisfactorily and will require limited
maintenance.
5. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS
5.1 7 sspe etion. ?
Thee equipment shall be subject to Inspection by the Project Engi-
neer during and after manufacture to determine the conformance with the
reec uire nts of this Purchase Description.
5.2 ests.-
The Change Detector shall be given such tests as may be necessary
to determine conformance with the requirements of this purchase description.
Final acceptance will be made prior to delivery by the contractor.
6. 'ARATIOK FOR l IVERT
6.1 Packing.-
Packing for shipment shall be in such a manner as to insure accept-
able and safe delivery to the designated point (Fort Belvoir or within the
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Washington, D. C. area) by common carrier at the lowest rate of the carrier.
6.2 S.k n&.-
Marking for shipment shall conform to the requirements of Standard
MIL-STD-129, "Marking for Shipment", except as may be modified by the
Contracting officer.
7. NMS
7.1 This purchase description is intended for procurement of experimental
equipment. It does not necessarily include requirements recommended by the
U. S. Army Rngtns er Geodesy, Intelligence and Mapping Research and Develop-
ment Agency, or the U. S.. Army Corps of Engineers for procurement of this
equipment for general use.
7.2 Notice.-
When Government drawings, specifications, or other data are used
for any purpose other than in connection with a definitely related Govern-
sent procurement operation, the United States Government thereby incurs no
responsibility, nor any obligation > tsoevsr; and the fact that the
Government may have formulated, furnished, or in any way supplied the
said drawings,. specifications, or other data is not to be regarded by
implication or otherwise an in any manner licensing the holder or any
other person or corporation, or conveying any rights or permission to manu-
facture, use, or sell any potential invention that may in anyway be re-
lated thereto.
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EXHIBIT "A'r
DESCRIPTION OF WORK AND/(* SERVICES
1. a. The Contractor shall furnish all services and materials necessary
(other than those to be furnished by the Government, as hereinafter pro-
vided for) to design, develop, fabricate, test, and deliver f.o.b. Fort
Belvoir,I'Virginia, one (1) Change Detector and Auxiliary Equipment in
accordance with the requirements set forth in USAEGIMRADA Purchase Des-
cription entitled "Change Detector", dated 9 April 1962, copy of which is
attached hereto marked Exhibit "E" and made a part hereof. The Change De-
tector and Auxiliary Equipment shall be ready for acceptance tests at the
Contractor's plant within eighteen (18) months from the date of the con-
tract. Duration of the contract shall be for twenty (20) months.
b. Prior to fabrication of the equipment to be furnished under 1.a.
above, the Contractor shall submit to the Project Engineer, for approval,
one (1) complete set of preliminary drawings of the Change Detector. The
preliminary drawings will show the complete layout of the console, the
identification and location of all components, and other details necessary
to reveal the complete design. The Project Engineer will conduct the re-
view of the preliminary drawings within twenty (20) days after receipt of
the drawings.
c. Upon receipt of written approval from the Project Engineer of
the drawings submitted under l.b. above, the contractor shall make such
corrections and/or modifications as required by said approval, although
such corrections and/or modifications shall in no way relieve the Contractor
of responsibility for the equipment meeting the requirements of Exhibit "B".
The Contractor shall fabricate, test, and deliver the Change Detector and
Auxiliary Equipment.
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2. a. As a part of the work and services to be performed hereunder, the
Contractor shall furnish arid deliver f.o.b. GD(ADA, Fort Bel ir, Virgin
the following reports in accordance with the Purchase Description "Reports,
Technical, Contract", dated 21 November 1960, copy of which is attached
hereto and marked Eiihibit "C" and made a part hereof .
(1) Type I - Letter progress reports, ten (It)) copies within ten
(10) days after the close of each month.
(2) Type II - interim technical report, fifty (30) copies to be
submitted approximately twelve (12) months after the contract date.
(3) Type III - Final technical report, draft to be submitted
thin eighteen (18) months after the date of the contract to the Project
Engineer for review and approval within twenty (20) days. Fifty (50)
copies of the final approved report will be submitted by the Contractor
within thirty (30) days after receipt of the approved draft.
3. a. The Contractor shall provide an operating Manual and a Maintenance
Manual.
b. Prior to delivery of the manuscripts to be -furnished under 3.a.,
the Contractor shall submit to the Project Engineer for review and approval
two draft copies of each of the proposed manuscripts within seventeen (17)
months after the contract date. The Project Engineer shall couplete, his
review within twenty (20) days after receipt of the draft copies and re-
turn the approved copies to the Contractor, who will prepare and deliver
tan (10) copies of the Operating Manual and five (5) copies of the Mainte-
nance Manual to GIMRADl within nineteen (19) months after the contract date.
4. a. Upon completion of the fabrication of the Change Detector, a set
of final assembly drawings and circuit schematics will be furnished by the
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Contractor.
b. The Contractor will provide training in the basic operation and
maintenance of the Change Detector for three Government personnel for a
period of three to five days to be conducted at the Contractor's plant.
The date will be shortly after the fabrication is completed, to be es-
tablished for the convenience of the Government.
SPECIA, PROVISIONS TO UEIBIT "A"
1. The Government will furnish the Contractor f.o.b. the Contractor's
plant with the following items:
a. Thirty (30) shots of cardboard, with the rod banner and castle
affixed, on which the Contractor will prepare the briefing charts. The
completed charts will be returned to GDADA.
b. Several exposed rolls of 70 mm. film which can be used in the
Change Detector. This film can be retained by the Contractor.
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Comparator Unit
Display Unit
Compatator Unit
Film Transport Mechanism
Lens Displacement Mechanism
Light Source and Associated Optics
Cearatorr Electronics
Display Unit
2 Monitors
operation Controls
position Read-out Assembly
Display Unit Electronics
Films Transportt Mechanism
70 mm roll film, 100 foot lengths. Kemal and/or automatic variable
speed film advance, on a from by frame and/or partial frame basis.
(There are two of thess.) Prams identification capable of ? 90o
rotation in each channel. Includes eandensigpn optics and photo
multiplier readout sensors. Tip/tilt adjustment.
Lens Displacement Mechanism
Lens system capable of translation in x, y, and cif icetion. Con-
sista of lenses and electromechanical servos and drives in x, y, and
mapif ication.
Light Source and Associated Optics
Backlight, lenses and mirrors necessary to image out scene on the
other. Capable of automatic transition from registration to read
out.
Comparator Electronics
Circuitry required to drive electro-ra chanicsl components, i.e., servo
motors in the later displacement mechanism, match point detectors,
reference signal generators, etc. Generally, electronics required for
registration. Electronics required for generation of flying spot
scanner tester. Amplification of video signals for each channel.
Nigh voltage supply for photo tubes and CRT.
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Comparison scene monitor
Change Display monitor
(operation Contro
Frame adjust
Frame advance
Alignment controls in x,y directions and scale factor for each roll
of film
initiating controls for automatic registration
Noise rejection
Area Blow-up
Flicker option
Video gain control for contrast control (for each channel)
Tip/Tilt Control
Position Read-out Assembly
57. maximum error design goal, measured at the film plane.
Contractor to explore possibility of area measurement.
Will provide analog outputs in x and y coordinates, and will display
numerical coordinates with respect to the film.
Display Unit Electronics
Noise rejection circuity
All power supplies, except for high voltage supplies for CRT.
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t ERATOR OPTIONS
~
1. Automatic correlation for registration.
2. Manual correlation for registration.
3. Automatic. frame advance in both directions.
4. Semi-automatic frame advance in both directions.
5. Minor adjustments within frame with x-alignaent control.
6. Change display monitor (Right side).
a. Reference scene.
b. Change display (black and white changes).
(1) Change display minus noise.
(2) Changes can be shown in both or either polarity
(black/white).
7. Comparison display monitor (Left side).
a. Comparison scene.
b. Reference scene.
c. Reference scene/comparison scene (flicker technique).
8. Flicker technique (left side monitor) (variable speed flicker).
9. Contrast, brightness and gain adjustments (both monitors).
10. Magnification.
a. Minimum 5K.
b. Area blow-up 6X to , continuously variable.
11. Noise rejection, variable.
12. Position readout (outputs to paper tape or punch cards).
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