PROGRESS LETTER FOR PERIOD FEBRUARY 1, 1964 THROUGH MARCH 1, 1964 CHANGE DETECTOR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78B04747A002600010044-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 133
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 3, 2001
• Sequence Number: 44
• Publication Date: March 30, 1964
• Content Type: PERRPT

STATI NTL
Approved FdrIkelease 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78130474,74002600010044-5
PROGRESS LETTER FOR PERIOD
February 1, 1964 through March 1, 1964
CHANGE DETECTOR
30 March 1964
STATI NTL
Declass Review by NIMA / DoD
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
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STATI NTL
STATI NTL
Nov
alignment of the optical portion of the registration system was
completed. The focusing capability of the optics was determined by
Nor backlighting a resolution pattern at each of the film planes and
STATINTL
observing the resolution of the image at the CRT plane with a micro-
scope. Adjustments were made in the positions of the scale factor
computation arms to keep the system in best focus as the scale
factor was varied throughout the total range. The adjustment was
made first by calculating the required positions of lens and. magazine
for a given magnification and measuring with a precision dial in-
dicator the actual positions for best focus. Once the magazine
travel end points were established, the magazine drive servo
STATI NTL
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this program is to develop and fabricate a change
detector that will compare two sets of imagery taken of the same
geographic area at different times and will display and locate any
changes that occurred between the times that the imagery was
obtained.
FACTUAL DATA AND OBSERVATIONS
The twentieth month of the program has been devoted to the initia-
tion of the checkout and evaluation phase of the program.. The
trial assembly of all of the registration components which mount
on the base plate, was completed during this month. A checkout and
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Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
STATI NTL
amplifiers were temporarily connected to permit the magazines to
follow as the scale factor was varied throughout the total range.
When the scale factor computation arms were properly adjusted,
adequate focusing was achieved. Alignment of the dove mirror
assembly was also performed to obtain a rotation of the image about
the center of the optical axis as the assembly was rotated. The
excursions of all of the other moving assemblies were checked to
determine that no interference problems existed.
Prior to disassembly, components requiring accurate alignment which
fasten to the base plate were drilled for the insertion of dowel
pins to facilitate the final assembly. The registration mechanism
was then dismantled and the base plate was painted.
A bench checkout of the film drive portion of the film magazines
was performed. The frame advance, slow film slew, and manual and
automatic pressure plate release mechanisms were operated. S6tis-
factory performance was obtained from each of the mechanisms. The
existing film magazines and film drives will be used for checkout
of the remainder of the system until the new magazines incorporating
the fast film slew capability are completed.
Fabrication of the final versions of the 108 volt regulated back-
light power supply and the dynamic focus circuitry for the magnetically
focused scanning CRT was completed. The bench checkout of the
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vow
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
scanning CRT; synchronizer and raster generator; vertical, horizontal
and position deflection amplifiers; and associated power supplies
has been discontinued because of a need for some ?of the components
in the trial assembly of the entire registration mechanism. The
checkout of this portion of the equipment will be included as part
of the overall system checkout.
FUTURE PLANS
Efforts will continue on the checkout and evaluation phase of the
program.
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
?3?
vor-
STATINTL
WNW
Approved fapRelease 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP781304.747A002600010044-5
PROGRESS LETTER FOR PERIOD
January 1, 1964 through February 1, 1964
CHANGE DETECTOR
20 February 1964
STATI NTL
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
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STATI NTL
STATI NTL
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this program is to develop and fabricate a?change
detector that will compare two sets of imagery taken of the same
geographic area at different times and will display and locate any
changes that occurred between the times that the imagery was obtained.
FACTUAL DATA AND OBSERVATIONS
The nineteenth month of the program has been devoted to the com-
pletion of the design phase and the initiation of the checkout
and evaluation phase of the program. With the completion of fabrica-
tion of the registration assemblies and mounting base, Installation
of the units for a trial assembly was started this month. The con-
trol rods, dove mirror assembly, lens drive assembly, control rod
servomechanisms scale factor drive and associated rod guide
assemblies have been mounted onto the main base plate. Once the
initial optical and mechanical alignment of the registration mechan-
ism is achieved, the assemblies, which fasten to the base plate will
be,pinned to facilitate accurate remounting of these units for
final assembly.
A bench checkout of the final version of the scanning crt and
associated equipment has been initiated. The equipment involved
In the checkout includes the crt; synchronizer and raster generator;
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-1-
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
vertical, horizontal and position deflection amplifiers; 17.5 kv
anode supply; -100 v and +2000 v bias supplies; and the system
power programmer which supplies the power to the system in the
proper time sequence. The magnetic focus and dynamic focus cir-
cuitry will also be incorporated into this checkout upon completion
of fabrication.
In connection with the design policy of providing protective cir-
cuitry for the critical portions of the system, a sweep failure
protection circuit has been developed. When coupled to the output
deflection amplifiers, this circuitry will automatically cut-off
the electron beam of the scanning crt in the event of a failure in
the raster generation circuitry. The cut-off of the electron beam
will prevent burning of the crt phosphor due to the stationary high
intensity focused spot. A crt bias delay function has also been
incorporated into the system. If a primary power failure occurs
due to a premature removal of the power plug or for some other
reason, this circuit will immediately cut off the electron beam
of the crt, thus preventing damage to the expensive tube.
The development of two reference power supplies which supply the
plus and minus DC reference voltages required by the positioning
potentiometers in all of the servo loops has been completed. These
supplies operate from the ?30 volt regulated main system power
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?use
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
supplies and produce a precisely controlled t 20 volt reference
voltage. Care has been taken in the design of these supplies to
minimize the effect of load variations which would cause cross-talk
in the servos.
FUTURE PLANS
Efforts will continue on the checkout and evaluation phase of the
program.
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
vise.
STATI NTL
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ApprovedTimor Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP781301474002600010044-5
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
PROGRESS LETTER FOR PERIOD
December 1, 1963 through January 1, 1964
CHANGE DETECTOR
3 February 1964
STATI NTL
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
? Moe( frfs
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STATI NTL
4411W
STATI NTL
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this program is to develop and fabricate a change
detector that will compare two sets of imagery taken of the same
geographic area at different times and will display and locate any
changes that occurred between the times that the imagery was
obtained.
FACTUAL DATA AND OBSERVATIONS
The eighteenth month of the program has been devoted to bringing
the design phase of the program to near completion. Fabrication
of the registration mechanism assemblies has been completed.
Fabrication and machining of the base on which the assemblies will
be mounted is 95 percent complete. A trial assembly of the
registration components will be initiated as soon as the base is
completed. A coarse optical alignment will be performed when this
trial assembly is completed.
STATI NTL
The choice of the 5-inch crt has necessitated a re-
design of the focus and dynamic focus circuitry. A high resolution
coil Which combines the focus and dynamic focus functions is being
purchased to meet the magnetic focus requirements of the tube.
Circuitry capable of driving this focus coil is currently under
development.
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-1-
STATI NTL
The high voltage power supply which supplies the anode voltage
for the crt has been modified to meet the requirements of the new
tube. The output voltage has been changed from 15 kilovolts to
17.5 kilovolts. This will further decrease the spot diameter of
the tube and increase the brightness at a given beam current.
The unit has undergone tests at this higher output voltage and the
regulation, ripple, and stability have been determined to be
adequate for the system.
The investigation into techniques for compensation of backlight
variations during the registration process has led to the conclus-
ion that the complexity involved in performing the inversion function
electronically does not warrant its use. The stability, linearity,
and frequency response requirements make the circuit complexity
STATINTL such that more simplified methods of backlight regulation are more
practical for the system. A D.C. regulated voltage supply is
currently being designed to supply the backlight. The output
voltage will be a nominal 108 volts supplying the 115 volt back-
light. When the lamp begins to age, the supply will increase
slightly in voltage to maintain a relatively constant brightness
from the lamp. Short term variations caused by line voltage
fluctuations will be cancelled out through the use of the regulated
supply.
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
Fabrication of the rack mounted -100 volt and +2000 volt crt
bias supplies has been completed. Fabrication of the rack mounted
phototube high voltage and 28 V control power supplies is nearly
complete.
Fabrication of the servo amplifiers which control the registration
functions has been completed.
FUTUREPLANS
Efforts will continue on the completion of the design phase of
the program and initiation of the checkout and evaluation phase.
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
-3-.
Approv04-4arpRelease 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78804747A002600010044-5
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STATI NTL
STATI NTL
PROGRESS LETTER FOR PERIOD
1
November 1, 1963 through December 1, 1963 ,)-t -TRcei
STATINTL CHANGE DETECTOR
Now,
20 December 1963
STATI NTL
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this program is to develop and fabricate a change
detector that will compare two sets of imagery taken of the same
geographic area at different times and will display and locate any
changes that occurred between the times that the imagery was obtained.
FACTUAL DATA AND OBSERVATIONS
The seventeenth month of the program has been devoted to a continua
tion of the design phase of the program. Design and fabrication of
the registration mechanism is nearly complete. Fabrication of most
of the assemblies is complete. The remaining assemblies in fabrica-
tion and the percent of completion are shown as follows:
Magnification Computation Arms
and Drive Assemblies 90 percent
Reference Film Magazine
Comparison Film Magazine
Phototube and Backlight Insertion
Mechanism
Mounting Base
75
50
50
It
It
ft
25 It
Fabrication of the entire registration mechanism is estimated to
be 90 percent complete at this stage. It is anticipated that in-
Stallation and coarse alignment of the components in the registration
mechanism will take from one to two weeks. Final alignment will be
made when the system becomes operable.
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
-1-
STATINTL
STATINTL
Nor,
STATINTL
STATINTL
Nese
STATINTL
STATINTL
STATINTL
Two types of high resolution 5 inch cathode ray tubes have been
evaluated with respect to resolution and brightness on the change
detector breadboard system. The first tube Is the
and the second is a tube. Utilizing
the high voltage and bias supplies of the breadboard system which
were not designed to meet the vigorous requirements of these high
resolution tubes, a readout resolution of approximately 45 line pairs
per millimeter was obtained from both tube types When the USAF test
target was scanned. It is anticipated that the high voltage and
bias supplies designed for the console will increase the measured
resolution capability of the crt. Brightness measurements have
indicated a problem area associated with the The maximum
beam current obtainable from this tube type was approximately 10
microamperes, while a beam current of over 30 microamperes is obtain-
able from the Since the light emitted from similar phosphors
is directly proportional to the beam current for a constant anode
STATINTL
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voltage, the brightness of the 1 s more than three times that
STATINTL
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of th The signal-to-noise ratio obtained at the phototube
STATINTL
output from the light emitted by the _________as considered to be
marginal when films of high base density were scanned. The choice
STATINTL
of th requires a modification to the focus and dynamic focus
circuitry since this tube employs magnetic focusing. The focus
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for th is electrostatic. The modification is warranted,
however, by the increased performance of the tube. STATINTL
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
-2-
"ossie
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
The high voltage power supply which supplies the anode voltage for
the scanning crt has been received. The unit is currently undergoing
tests to determine if it meets the regulation, ripple, and stability
requirements specified prior to purchase,
Fabrication of the rack mounted bias, and power supplies which
mount beneath the display monitors, has been initiated. These in-
clude the phototube high voltage supplies, the -100 volt and +2000
volt crt bias supplies, and the 28 volt unregulated power supply.
The purchased high voltage crt anode supply and the regulated 4-30
and -30 volt main system regulated power supplies also mount in the
racks beneath the display monitors.
Development of the spot wobble circuitry for raster line suppression
of the display monitors is nearly complete. A problem was encountered
during the development of the circuitry which was caused by a beating
of the harmonics of the raster frequency with the 20 megacycle spot
loeir cau.?ci
wobble rate. The mtwas an objectionable herringbone pattern Tobe
displayed on the monitor crt. This problem has been eliminated by
applying the horizontal synchronizing pulses, which stabilize the
horizontal scan of the monitors, to the spot wobble oscillator such
that the 20 megacycle rate is started at exactly the same point in
each scan line of the monitor. With this stable integral relation-
ship established between the scanning rate and the spot wobble rate
no herringbone pattern is obtained.
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
-3-
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
An electronic technique to perform the inversion function for
minimization of backlight variations is being investigated. A bread-
board version of the circuitry is currently being fabricated.
Checkout of the final version of the display generating circuitry
including the synchronizer, raster generation, deflection and posi-
tioning circuitry is nearly complete.
FUTURE PLANS
Efforts will continue on the final portion of the design phase of
the program.
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
-4-
STATI NTL
vise
Approved 1 lease 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP781304.474902600010044-5
PROGRESS LETTER FOR PERIOD
October 1, 1963 through November 1, 1963
CHANGE DETECTOR
28 November 1963
STATI NTL
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
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STATI NTL
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STATI NTL
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this program is to develop and fabricate a change
detector that will compare two sets of imaliery taken of the same
geographic area at different times and will display and Ideate any
changes that occurred between the times that the imagery was obtained.
FACTUAL DATA AND OBSERVATIONS
The sixteenth month of the program has been devoted to a continua-
tion of the design phase of the program. The console has been moved
into the laboratory darkroom and the: applicable oontrol functions
on the control panel have been coupled tb the change detector bread-
board. The various monitor mode control switches have been checked
out, as well as the video gain control functions. A breadboard
version of the area selection joy stick has been installed together
with the area blow-up controls.
Design and fabrication of the registration mechanism is continuing.
Assemblies which have been released for fabrication and the percent
of completion are shown as follows:
Positioning Rod Servos 100 percent
Dove Mirror Assembly 99
Mirror and Field Lens Assembly 99
CRT Mount Assembly 100
Rod Follower Assemblies 100
fl
It
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
STATI NTL
Mask and Half-Mask Assembly
X, Y Lens Drive Assembly
Mutation Wedge Drive Assembly
Movable Mirror Assembly
Density Wedge Servo
Cross-Hair Mechanisms
Magnification Computation Arms
and Drive Assemblies
Reference Film Magazine
Comparison Film Magazine
Phototube and Backlight In-
sertion Mechanisms
95 percent
99
99
95
90
70
25
25
10
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10 percent
STATI NTL
Detailed design of the mounting base for the registration mechanism
has been initiated. Designs of the rester size control servo and
joy-stick assemblies will be initiated after receipt of the registra-
tion mechanism. Fabrication of the entire registration mechanism
is estimated to be 75 percent complete at this stage.
Development of the video switching and 'output circuitry for the left
monitor has been completed. Fabrication of the final version of
this circuitry has been initiated. Development of the spot wobble
oscillators for the monitor raster line suppression function has
been initiated. The requirement for raster line suppression is that
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
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_vaime
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
a signal of approximately 60 volts at a rate of 20 megacycles or
greater be applied to the deflection plates of the spot-wobble
monitor CRT's. A tOdification to the existing design of the photo-
tube video preamplifiers to enable the same preamplifier to be
used to supply the video signals during readout and the correlation
signals during automatic registration. This eliminates the need
for two separate phototube preamplifiers for each channel.
Fabrication has been initiated on the 25 servo amplifying assemblies
required for registration. All of the servo power amplifiers are
purchased units. In addition to the power amplifier each assembly
contains a variable gain preamplifier and a 60 cycle modulator. The
completed assemblies will be mounted on the mechanism base assembly
adjacent to each respective servo motor.
The investigation of techniques for compensation of backlight varia-
tions is continuing. The use of Hall effect multipliers for the
inversion function has been discarded because of an oscillatory
problem which developed when they were used in this application.
Other electronic multiplication configurations are currently being
investigated.
DISCUSSION
With the completion of the initial layout for the control panel,
discussions were held with company human factors engineers to deter-
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
-Impe?
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
mine if any problem areas existed in the layout. As a result
several modifications have been incorporated into the panel-
Figure 1 shows the new control panel layout. Nearly all of the
control functions have remained the same, only the positions have
been rearranged. The two handed operation of area selection and
area blow-up have been separated farther so that the left hand may
operate the blow-up controls without interferring with the right
hand operation of the area selection joy-stick. The six monitor
mode gain, level and rate control knobs have been separated farther
apart to prevent interference problems when adjusting the controls.
The five focus controls have also been moved to a less congested
area. The mirror image arrangement of similar controls on the left
and right side has been eliminated. Where possible, similar con-
trOls on the left and right side are now located in the same rela-
tive position. One new control function called "manual registration"
has been added to the panel. This control function has been pro-
vided to allow the operator to reactivate the manual registration
controls for a fine adjustment of the two images after automatic
registration .if required when viewing blown-up areas because of
distortion between the films. When this control is not activated
following automatic registration the manual alignment controls will
remain inoperable and any accidental movement of these controls
during the change 'i'eadout process will not disturb the registration.
FUME FLANS
Efforts will continue on the design phase Of the program.
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
STATI NTL
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Approved Nars,Relgoite 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP781304WA0W00010044-5
PROGRESS LETTER FOR PERIOD
August 1, 1963 through September 1, 1963
CHANGE DETECTOR
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
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20 September 1963
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
STATI NTL
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this program is to develop and fabricate a change
detector that will compare two sets of imagery taken of the same
geographic area at different times and will 'display and locate emy
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changes that occurred between the times that the imagery was
obtained.
FACTUAL DATA AND OBSERVATIONS
The fourteenth month of the program has been devoted to a continua-
tion of the design phase of the program. Fabrication, painting and
assembly of the console cabinet has been completed. Prior-to final
assembly the base was cut and locating pins were inserted into one
side. The separate sections were then bolted together to again form
STATINTLone integral unit. This method of separating the cabinet into two
units for shipment has been determined to be satisfactory to meet
the requirements of structural rigidity and ease of separation and
assembly. The cabinet has been moved from the assembly area in the
Engineering Shop to the Engineering Lab where the installation of
the various components in the console will be performed. Installa-
tion of the monitors into the sliding racks has been completed.
Design and fabrication of the registration mechanism is continuing.
Assemblies which have been released for fabrication and the percent
of completion are shown as follows:
-1-
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
Positioning Rod Servos
Dove Mirror Assembly
Mirror and Field Lens Assembly
CRT Mount Assembly
Rod Follower Assemblies
Mask and Half-Mask Assembly
X, Y Lens Drive Assembly
Nutation Wedge Drive Assembly
95 percent
99 percent
90 percent
100 percent
95 percent
80 percent
50 percent
20 percent
STATI NTL
Detailed designs of the film magazines, phototube and backlight
assemblies, cross-hair mechanism, and density wedge servo are con-
tinuing. Fabrication of the entire registration mechanism is
estimated to be 45 percent complete at this stage.
Development of the automatic gain control circuitry for the video
STATI NTL
system is nearly complete. Checkout of this circuitry will be per-
formed on the breadboard change detector. Fabrication of the video
amplifier and difference circuitry for the console has been completed.
Checkout of this portion of the system is currently underway. Fabrica-
tion of the vertical and horizontal deflection amplifiers for the
scanning CRT has been completed. With the completion of this
assembly, the entire scanning raster generation system for the CRT
is now complete.
-2-
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA7RDP781304747A002600010044-5
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Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
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DISCUSSION
An initial layout of the console control panel has been completed
and is shown in Figure 1. As can be seen, the layout of the various
controls is nearly symmetrical, with those pertaining to the refer-
ence film on the right side of the panel and those pertaining to
the comparison film on the left. Controls which apply equally to
both films are located in the center section. The manual registra-
tion and alignment controls for the reference film are the X, Y,
azimuth and fine focus controls. Those for the comparison film are
the X, Y, scale factor, and fine focus controls. While the tip
function is applied to one film magazine and the tilt function is
applied to the other film magazine, both controls are located on
the comparison film side of the panel for ease of adjustment.
Film advance controls for each film are located on the respective
STATINTLsides of the panel. The films may be either advanced or reversed
on a frame-by-frame basis or when using panoramic type films, they
may be slewed in either direction. Simultaneous movement of the
films on a frame-by-frame basis is accomplished by utilizing the
film advance control located in the center of the panel. Control
of the cross-hairs located in front of each film plane is accom-
plished by joysticks on each respective side of the control panel.
Meters which show the X and Y position of each cross-hair are adjacent
to each joystick. The film polarity controls which enable the
-3-
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
STATI NTL
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COATTRoL PAIV E L LAYOUT
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
STATI NTL
monitors to present the correct polarity for viewing are located
on their respective sides of the panel.
A single control is required to initiate the system automatic
registration mode. All other switching in this mode is done auto-
matically. When automatic registration has been completed the
view displays indicator is activated. This indicates that the
registered images of the two films are available for presentation
on the two monitors. The presentations displayed on the change
display, or left monitor, are controlled by the change display,
monitor mode group of switches. The presentations available to
this monitor are: video difference; reference minus comparison;
video difference comparison minus reference; flicker; reference
'War
STATINTL scene;
and comparison scene. Controls for adjusting these various
functions are located above the switch group. The reference monitor
mode group of switches, similarly controls the presentation displayed
on the reference, or right, monitor. The presentations available
to the reference scene monitor are: video difference shadow reject,
video difference cloud reject, change enhance, reference scene, and
comparison scene. The associated controls are located above the
switch group. The area selection and "blow-up" controls which control
both scenes simultaneously are located in the center of the panel.
FUTURE PLANS
Efforts will continue on the design phase of the program.
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
STATI NTL
Approved FzpReleAve 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP781304747A0G00010044-5
PROGRESS LETTER FOR PERIOD
July 10 1963 through August 10 1963
CHANGE DETECTOR
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
gnirrA-
AUX" e
20 August 1963
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
STATI NTL
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES STATINTL
The purpose of this program is to develop and fabricate a change
detector that will compare two sets of imagery taken of the same
geographic area at different times and will display and locate any
changes that occurred between the times that the imagery was ob-
tained.
FACTUAL DATA AND OBSERVATIONS
The thirteenth month of ?the program has been devoted to a continu-
ation of the design phase and display data processing phase of the
program. Fabrication of the console cabinet components has been
completed and a trial assembly has been successfully accomplished.
Painting of the entire cabinet is nearly complete. Preparation of
the surfaces to insure a good paint bond included an acid etching
process, several coats of primer, and then the finish coat. It is
intended that the entire cabinet will receive a preliminary finish
coat. When all the mechanisms and components have been installed
and the system has been evaluated, it will be painted with a final
finish coat prior to shipment to touch up any scratches that may
have been accummulated during that time.
Since the decision has been made to separate the console into two
units for shipment, a method of joining the two base and cabinet
sections with a minimum of effort has been developed. The console
-1-
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
STATI NTL
STATINTL
will be separated at the point where the cabinet containing the
registration mechanism and the cabinet containing the monitors
meet. The base will be cut at this point and dowel pins inserted
in one side to insure proper realignment. Once proper alignment
is achieved the two base sections and the two cabinet assemblies
can be bolted together. Access holes will be out in the tops of
the base sections so that the bolts may be tightened from above.
It is felt that once the console is reassembled after shipment, a
negligible loss in overall rigidity of system will occur.
Design and fabrication of the registration mechansim is continuing.
Assemblies which have been released for fabrication and the per-
cent of completion are shown as follows:
Positioning Rod Servos - 90 percent
Dove Mirror Assembly - 96 percent
Mirror and Field Lens Assembly - 80 percent
CRT Mount Assembly - 50 percent
Rod Follower Assemblies - 90 percent
Mask and Half-Mask Assembly - 20 percent
Detailed designs of the x,y lens drive assembly for automatic
registration, nutation wedge drive assembly are nearly complete.
Detailed design of the film magazines and phototube and backlight
assemblies is continuing. Detailed design of the cross-hair
mechanism and density wedge servo has been initiated. Fabrication
-2-
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
STATI NTL
of the entire registration mechanism is estimated to be 30 percent
complete at this stage.
Testing and evaluation of the breadboard correlator has been
Completed, The purpose of constructing this breadboard was to
check out the half-mask concept of azimuth and scale factor
registration; to determine a satisfactory Method of setting the
correlation gain; and to develop and check out search and match
point detection circuitry and other circuits associated with the
registration process. To these ends the breadboard correlator has
been determined to be a useful and necessary investment.
Development of circuitry to provide an automatic gain control for
the video system to supply a constant video level to the monitors
regardless of the raster size of the scanning CRT and the film contr-
ast is continuing. A plug-in version of the video amplifier and
STATINTL difference circuitry is under fabrication. It will be mounted
along with the rest of the video system in the d6mpartment beneath
the control panel. Fabrication of an assembly containing the
vertical and horizontal deflection amplifiers and the horizontal
raster position amplifier for the scanning CRT has been initiated.
This assembly will be mounted along side of the CRT housing and
shield assembly since it must be located in close proximity to the
CRT yokes.
A 15 KV high voltage power supply capable of meeting the voltage
-3-
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
STATINTL
regulation requirements imposed by the higher resolution speci-
Delivery
STATINTL
fication is being developed
STATINTL
STATINT
is expected by the end of September. A trip to
was made by two
Now
STATINT ngineers during this reporting period to discuss the high
STATINTL
resolution CRT requirements and the spot-wobble monitor tube require-
ments. As a result of this meeting an order has been placed for a
five inch CRT. This developmental type tube will have
a maximum spot diameter of .00065 inches A one-half inch thick
faceplate is incorporated into this tube to ihsure a flatness
commensurate with the resolution requirement. A four to six month
Ni delivery schedule is anticipated for the tube. ki inch
STATINTL
Now cathode ray tubes with a spedial set of electrostatic deflection
plates to accomplish the spot-wobble function for raster line
STATINTL suppression have also been ordered. These tubes are identical to
the existing monitor tubes except for the addition of the extra
plates. Receipt of these tubes is expected in about one month.
Electronic circuitry currently under construction or previously
fabricated on plug-in cords for the console is shown as follows:
synchronizer
raster generators
deflection amplifiers
video amplifier
match point detector
coordinate storage
.4
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
The overall completion of fabrication for the system electronics
is estimated to be 60 percent.
FUTURE PLANS
Efforts will continue on the design phase of the program.
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
STATI NTL
Approved FAireReliate 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78B0SWA0lla$00010044-5
PROGRESS TRTTER FOR PERIOD
June 1, 1963 through July 1? 1963
AL%
Mo ArTA OF egtrr/0
CHANGE DETECTOR
20 July 1963
STATI NTL
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this program is to develop and fabricate a change detector
that will compare two sets of tmAgery taken of the same geographic area
at different times and will display and locate any Changes that occurred
between the times that the imagery was obtained.
FACTUAL DATA AND OBSERVATIONS
The:twelftkmonth of the program, has been devoted to a continuation of the
design phase and display data processing phase of the program. Fabrication
of the console cabinet is continuing. Construction of the framework and
base has been completed. Machining of the base for mounting of the regis-
tration mechanism and drilling of the jack pad insertion holes has been
completed. Fabrication of the monitor housing assemblies has been initiated.
Cutting and installation of the outside panels has also been initiated. Up-
on completion of fabrication of all the components Of the cabinet, the cabinet
will be completely assembled. When a proper fit of all the components is
assumed the cabinet will be disassedbled and all of the components will be
painted separately.
Design and fabrication of the registration mechanism is continuing. Fabri-
cation of the two manual rod control servo assemblies is nearly complete.
Fabrication of the dove mirror system has been initiated.. The detailed.
design of the correlator mask and half-mask assembly has been completed and
fabrication of the unit has been initiated. Detailed desi of the x and y
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
-1.
STATI NTL
lens drive assembly for automatic registration has been started. Design of
the film magazines, phototUbe and backlight assemblies is continuing. Con-
struction of the entire registrati6n.medhenisa is estimated to be 15 percent
complete at this stage,
wie Tests conducted on the breadboard correlator to determine the dynamic range
of the correlation gain adjustment system have been completed. The unit will
accurately set the correlation gain for films having a combined base density
variation of 4. This result was achieved by inserting neutral density filters
between the two films being correlated in the breadboard. The loop was closed
through the phototUbe and variable density wedges and the output of the phototube
was observed with various neutral density filters inserted. A density of 4
(transmissivity ratio of 10,000 to 1) was the minimum level to which the wedge
servo would track and give a constant photctube output for correlation. Further
tests includi film contrast as well as base density will be conducted on the
STAT INTL console during the evaluation phase of the progrem to determine the correlation
dynamic range capabilities of the system.
Development of circuitry to provide an automatic gain control for the video
system to supply a constant video level to the monitors regardless of the raster
size of the senrirtng CRT and the film contrast? is continuing: A new layout
of the video amplifier aad video difference circuitry which conforms to the
form factor requirements of the console has been developed and installed in
the breadboard change detector. Several circuit modifications have resulted
in a further improvement in the video signal-to-noise ratio prese ted to the
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
STATI NTL
monitors.
DISCUSSION
STATI NTL
Receipt of the contract add-on to increase the readout resolution of the system,
to 50 line pairs per millimeter has made necessary some modifications to the
overall program plan as well as the system design. In order to meet the new
resolution requirements the following tasks will be added to the program:
1. Selection of a scanning CRT with a spot size of approximately
.0006 inches.
2. Selection of a 15KV high voltage supply for the CRT with a
voltage variation of no greater than t .5 volt.
3. Development of improved dynamic focus circuitry for the CRT
including raster size information as well as raster position
information.
Tighten the optical and mechanical tolerances of those
components in the registration system which affect the
resolution.
5. Provide a vernier focus adjustment on the scale factor pos tioning
medhanism which will be controlled from the Control panel.
In addition to the above tasks the requirement for suppression of the raster
lines in the monitors makes necessary a procurement of 14 inch cathode ray
tubes with special deflection plates to accomplish the vertical Spot wobble.
Development of high frequency oscillator circuitry to drive the deflection
plates is also necessary.
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
,ftigv"
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
The above tasks will be integrated, into the existing design phase and di.spiay
data phase of the program and will not be set up as a separate phase.
FUTURE FLAW
Efforts 1411 continue on the design phase and. display processing studies
of the program. Generation. of(the interim report Will be initiated..
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
*Nov
STATI NTL
Approved tstr Relupe 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP781304,7147A04000010044-5
PROGRESS LETTER FOR PERIOD
May 1$ 1963 through June 1, 1963
I "if; Arri$ 004"771-A
CHANGE DETECTOR
15 June 1963
STATI NTL
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
*Nov
"NNW
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
STATI NTL
The purpose of this program is to develop and fabricate a change detector
that will compare two seta of imagery taken of the same geographic area
at different times and will display and locate any changes that occurred
between the times that the imagery was obtained?
FACTUAL DATA AND OBSERVATIONS
The eleventh month of the program has been devoted to a continuation of the
design phase and the display data processing phase of the program. Fabrication
of the console cabinet has been initiated. All of the structural framework
is being welded for increased rigidity, The entire cabinet enclosure will sit
on a steel base plate which is currently being fabricated. Casters will be
attached to the base plate for ease of mobility of the unit. Leveling pads
are also being attached to the base plate to level the console once it is in
the proper position. The overall maximum dimensions of the console with the
desk top removed are 104.5 inches in length, 80 inches in height, and 30 inches
in depth. It is possible to break the console into two units, one containing
the registration system and the other containing the display portion of the
system, if it is required for shipment. If this is necessary, however, the
overall structural rigidity and vibration sensitivity will be increased. The
installation complexity will also be increased since interconnections will be
STATINTL required between the two units.
?1-
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
Detailed design of the registration system is continuing. Fabrication of
the manual control rod servos has been initiated. Detailed design of the
dove mirror assembly and the crt shield and, mount assembly is nearly camplete.
A detailed design of the correlation mask assembly has been initiated, Design
of the film magazines and phototube and backlight assemblies is continuing.
Specification control drawings for the nutation wedges, mirrors and condensing
lenses have been completed and sent to various suppliers for quotes. Most of
the servo motors and amplifiers required to drive the various registration
functions have been received. The size U. 159 and 18 servo motors to be used
in the system have been set up in a breadboard mock-up in order to check their
compatability with the amplifiers, ?The performance has been determined to be
adequate for the system.
Modification of the breadboard correlator to provide the automatic sequencing
function has been completed. It has been satisfactorily determined that the
breadboard correlator can set the proper correlation gain level 9 and proceed
to an automatic registration in x4 y and azimuth with a set of aerial photo-
graphs inserted. Tests are currently underway to determine the dynamic range
capabilities of the correlation gain adjustment mechanism. Other tests using
various sets of imagery will be conducted to determine the registration
capabilities of the breadboard in order to obtain more data for the console
design.
A modification to the phototUbe circuitry of the breadboard change detector
has resulted in an increased signal-to,enoise ratio of the video signal fed
Approved For For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
to the video amplifiers and shadow rejection circuits. The increased signal-
to-noise ratio has been achieved by reducing the bandwidth of the photOtube
circuitry to a value comparable with the bandwidth of the crt P-16 phosphor
response. Noise components generated by the phototUbe above this usable
bandwidth have been eliminated, thereby increasing the signal-to-noise ratio.
A push switch operated motor driven raster size control to obtain an area
blow-up capability has been installed in the breadboard change detector. This
assembly is similar to that which will be installed in the console. Circuitry
necessary to reduce the intensity of the crt as the raster size is decreased
to eliminate phosphor burning has also been installed in the breadboard.
Development of circuitry to vary the high voltage supplied to the phototubes
for automatic gain control of the video signals is continuing.
Circuitry now completed on plug-in cords for the console includes: the
synchronizer, crt raster generation circuitry, and portions of the match point
detection and coordinate storage circuitry.
DISCUSSION
A portion of the system which has not previously been described is the back-
light density wedge servo which sets the correlation gain. .Figure 1 shows
a block diagram of this servo system. Many of the registration components
of the system have been left out for simplicity. The closed loop operation
of the servo is as follows. The output d-c voltage of the phototube pre-
amplifier is compared to the d-c reference voltage in the summing circuit.
If a difference exists between these voltages, an error signal is fed through
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
-3-
coKgE.--.1_1,71ohi
vi Ask-
I
Approved For Release 200201/0 : CIA-RDP78B04747A00260001444-5
PlioToTaa
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PRIa'
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Apprcwed For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDOW61447A002600010044-5
BACKLIG-HT
SUPPly
RefiReNco
voLT46-4
STATI NTL
11:
'row'
STATI NTL
the servo amplifier to the density wedge servo which positions the variable
density wedges. The variable density wedges allow more or less light to be
passed through the system as required. The amount of light received by the
phototube is a function of the product of the transmissivity of the two films.
It is also a function of the overlap area of the imagery being correlated,
since the correlation mask reduces the aperture as the overlap area decreases.
Thus, when film frames with different transmissivities are inserted in the
system, or if a change in the overlap area occurs, the light striking the
phototube will change, causing the servo to operate.
Operation of the backlight density wedge servo is placed in the operational
sequence of the system following manual registration... of the two scenes. If
Nal*/ the two scenes are manually registered to a position at or near their correct
',MEW
STATI NTL
matchpoint, the light that strikes the phototube will also be determined by
the correlation function of the two scenes. In order to minimize this un?
desirable effect, the nutation wedges are kept running during the operation
of the backlight servo system.
The optimum reference voltage setting has been determined by setting the variable
, density wedges tb the maximum density position and adjusting the reference
voltage until the phototube output is approximately 50 times the dark current
of the phototube. This provides maximum dynamic range of the wedge servo,
while allowing a 50 to 1 signal?to?noise ratio for the correlation function.
FUTURE PLANS
Efforts will continue on the design phase of the program.
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
-5-
STATI NTL
Approved FivoRele 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP7813047411A0V000010044-5
PROGRESS LETTER FOR PERIOD
April 1, 1963 to May ls 1963
LInhi MX-r4 cYF cloArriG4 ci 7--
CHANGE DETECTOR
15 May 1963
STATI NTL
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
'Nome
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this program is to develop and fabricate a change detector
that will compare two sets of imagery taken of the same geographic area
at different times and will display.and locate any changes that occurred
between the times that the imagery was obtained.
FACTUAL DATA AND OBSERVATIONS
The tenth month of the program has been devoted to a continuation of the
design phase and the display data-processing phase of the program. Detailed
design of the console cabinet is nearly complete. Fabrication of the control
panel and its associated components box has been completed. The complete --
unit is designed to be inserted into the desk top of the console. The desk
top, in turn, is removable from the main console body to permit passage
through a 30 inch door. The control panel is hinged at the top for ease
of access to the components beneath the panel. A metallic green has been
chosen as the most mutually acceptable color for the cabinet. The desk top
will be formica.
Detailed design of the console registration system is continuing. The
manual rod control servos are in the final design stage preparatory to being
released for fabrication. Specifications for the nutation wedges, mirrors,
and condensing lenses of the system are being written and orders being
placed to insure a delivery compatible with the fabrication requirements.
Detailed design is continuing in the areas of the film magazine, phototube,
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
STATI NTL
and backlight assemblies, and crt mounts. Most of the servo components have
been ordered and are expected to be received during the next reporting
period.
Circuit design for modification of the breadboard correlator to incorporate
the automatic sequencing functions starting with correlation gain; proceeding
to x and y search and lock?on; then dynamic registration in x, y and azimuth,
has been completed. The checkout and debugging phase is underway on the
breadboard system and will be completed shortly. Circuitry for the match
point detection and coordinate storage phase of the x and y search and lock?
on function has been determined to be adequate for the final system and is
being fabricated on the plug?in circuit boards.
Development of the shadow rejection system is continuing. A new tunnel
diode threshold detection circuit has been developed which appears promising*
The previously mentioned hysteresis effect, has been reduced to an acceptable
level and the noise immunity has been increased. Further checkout of this
portion of the shadow rejection system has been delayed temporarily until
automatic gain control circuitry is developed. It has been determined that
a means of keeping the video level supplied to the shadow rejection and other
circuitry constant is necessary when the scanning tube raster size is varied
or when films with different contrast are inserted. Automatic gain control
circuitry inserted in the video system will provide this capability. The video
amplitude in each channel will be compared to a standard reference level. If
STATINTL a difference is detected it will be amplified and fed to the respective
itre
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
4ftof
Nue
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
phototube voltage supply. Since the phototube gain is a function of the
bias voltage applied, any variation in this voltage will effect a change
in the video output of the phototube. Thus, when this feedback system
is properly phased an automatic gain control can be achieved. Manual
vernier video gain controls must still be provided to obtain the optimum
video difference output when detecting changes, since the automatic gain
controls will not provide the precision required for this function. Develop?
ment of this circuitry is underway. It will be checked out on the bread?
board change detector when completed.
DISCUSSION
With the completion of fabrication of the console control panel and its
associated component housing, installation of the various controls and
switches required to operate the console is being initiated as these
components are received. Several modifications in the number and types of
controls to be used have been made since the proposal was written. A list?
ing of the function to be controlled, the type of control to be used, and
other comments is shown in Table I.
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
-3-
Name
CONSOTTR
TABLE I
STATI NTL
PANEL CONTROLS
Function
Control Type Association
1.
Power Off?On
Push Switch
2.
Azimuth Manual Control
Potentiometer
Reference Film
3.
X Manual Position
Potentiometer
Y Manual Position
Potentiometer
5.
X Manual Position
Potentiometer
Comparison Film
6.
Y Manual Position
Potentiometer
7.
X Cursor Control
Potentiometer
Reference Film
8.
Y Cursor Control
Potentiometer
9.
X Cursor Control
Potentiometer Comparison Film
10.
Y Cursor Control
Potentiometer
11.
Scale Factor
Manual Control
Potentiometer
Nome
12.
Frame Advance?Backup
Lever Switch.
Reference Film
13.
Frame Position Vernier
Potentiometer,
14*
Frame Advance?Backup
Lever Switch _.
Comparison Film
15.
Frame Position Vernier
Potentiometer
16.
Frame Advance?Backup
Lever Switch Both Films
17.
Tip Adjust
Potentiometer
18*
Tilt Adjust
Potentiometer
19.
View Displays
Push Switch
20.
Automatic Register
Push Switch
21.
Film Polarity Pos.?Neg.
Push Switch Reference Film
22.
Film Polarity Pos.?Neg.
Push Switch Comparison Film
23.
Video Difference
(Ref. ? Comp.)
Push Switch Change Display
24.
Video Difference
Monitor Mode Group
STATI NTL
(Comp. ? Ref.)
Push Switch
-4-
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
TABLE
STATI NTL
CONSOLE PANEL CONTROLS
Continued
Function
Control Type Association
4101.110.1???=11.11.1?10.
25. Comparison Scene Display
Push Switch
26. Reference Scene Display
Push, Switch
27. Flicker Display
Push. Switch
Change Display
28* Flicker Rate
29* Change Enhance
Potentiometer
Push, Switch
Monitor Mode ,
Group
30. Background Control
Potentiometer
31. Area Blow?up
Increase?Decrease
'Lever Switch
32. Area Selection
Joy Stick
33, Video Gain Vernier
Potentiometer Reference Film '
-NNW
34, Video Gain Vernier
Potentiometer Comparison Film
Now'
35. Comparison Scene Display
Push Switch
36. Reference Scene Display
Push Switch Reference Scene
37. Video Difference Shadow
Reject
Push Switch Monitor Mode
38. Shadow Reject Level
Potentiometer
Group
39. Video Difference Cloud
Reject
Push Switch
40. Cloud Reject Level
Potentiometer
STATI NTL
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
_5-
%aro
Vow'
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
All of the manual registration controls will be precision potentiometers.
These will permit accurate manual registration of the two films when desired.
When energized, a single automatic register switch will place the registration
system in the mode for automatic correlation of the two films. From this
point the registration mechanism will be sequenced automatically through
the various functions,until automatic registration in x, y, azimuth and
scale factor is achieved.
Each monitor will have a display mode group of push switches which will
enable the operator to select the desired presentation to be displayed.
The area blow?up function will be controlled by a lever switch which will
provide either an increase or decrease in the amount of blow?up presented
on the monitors. A joy stick will be used to position the desired area
of the films to be displayed on the monitors.
FUTURE PLANS
Efforts will continue on the design phase and display data processing phase
of the program.
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
-6-
STATI NTL
ApproveUgpROase 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP781Et2iZ7402600010044-5
PROGRESS LETTER FOR PERIOD
March lo 1963 thru April 11 1963
ar 4 AINATI# cokrreot
CHANGE DETECTOR
5 April 1963
STATI NTL
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
NW.
'41we
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this program is to develop and fabricate a change detector
that will compare two sets of imagery taken of the same geographic area
at different times and will display and locate any changes that occurred
between the times that the imagery was obtained.
FACTUAL DATA AND OBSERVATIONS
The ninth month of the program has been devoted to a continuation of the
design phase and display data processing phase of the program. The
preliminary layout of the optical and mechanical components of the
registration system has been completed. Detailed design efforts are
continuing in the area of the film magazine, phototube and backlight
assemblies and in the CRT area.
Design of the console cabinet is proceeding satisfactorily. A preliminary
layout of the cabinet has been completed. A detailed design of the control
panel and supporting shelf is underway. Fabrication of the control panel
will be initiated as soon as this design is complete. Since much of the
video system electronics must necessarily be located under the control
panel near the controls, this electronic fabrication can be complete4while
the remainder of the console is under construction.
The modification to the breadboard correlator which will enable it to be
automatically sequenced thru the correlation gain, X and Y search and
?1?
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
and lock-on, and X, Y, and azimuth dynamic lock-on is nearly complete.
This sequencing function, although limited to the abovc
will fit directly into the overall sequencing function required in the
console.
The shadow rejection circuitry has been installed in the breadboard
change detector and is currently being checked out. All parts of the
rejection system operate satisfactorily, with the exception of the tunnel
diode threshold detection circuits. These circuits are somewhat sensitive
to the inherent system noise which results in false triggering of the
rejection system. In addition, a hysteresis effect has been observed in
which the circuit does not turn off at the same video level at which it
turned on. This results in a rejection of an area larger than the shadow
area. An improved circuit is being developed which will eliminate these
problems.
Fabrication of electronic circuitry for the console is continuing. The
plug-in version of the synchronizer is nearly ready for checkout,
-2?
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
STATI NTL
Now'
DISCUSSION
STATI NTL
Design efforts on the system have led to a preliminary layout of the
console cabinet. An isometric view of the cabinet is shown in figure
1, While it is similar in style to the artists concept shown in the
proposal it has been laid out with a major emphasis on
the functional requirements of the system. The control panel and desk
assembly is designed for easy removal to permit the main cabinet to pass
STATINTL through a 30 inch door opening. The "Imlock" cabinet system
has been chosen as the framework for the console since it is readily
adaptable to this cabinet configuration. All panels will be removable
to insure complete access to any components within the console. In
addition, several access doors are provided. The two film access doors
and the electronics access door are shown on the upper left side of the
console. On the lower right of the console are located the access doors
for the power supplies and associated equipment. The console will contain
its own cooling and air filtering system. One of the exhaust ports for the
ventilating system is shown on the side of the taller cabinet. The monitors
are tilted at a 15 degree angle with the vertical for optimum viewing and
are recessed slightly to minimize glare from external room lighting. The
monitors will be mounted in sliding assemblies for easy removal for main?
tenance.
STATI NTL
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
-3-
Approved For Release 200t/01/01 : CIA-RDP781304747A00260001t044-5
?
I
z-z
. i
,
rr)
Lfl
Approved For ReleaSe 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
'Woe
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
Figure 2 shows a front view of the console with the panels and doors
removed. The left half of the console is exposed to show the registration
system and the plug-in electronic circuitry shown in the upper right
corner. In addition, other electronic circuitry, such as the CRT deflection
amplifiers, and various servo amplifiers will be Mooted in the open areas
near the CRT assembly. The lower right half of the console is exposed to,
show the system power supplies. The power supplies are rack-mounted
within the cabinet and easily removable for maintenance or service.
FUTURE PLANS
Efforts will continue in the design phase and display data processing phase
of the program.
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
?5?
?
Uonsole with Pahele itemoved
Approved For Release 20 2/01/01: CIA-RDP781304747A002600010044-5
-,- .?
--/ ,----- ,,,,
I
li
i 1
+ II
14
i 1
411
L 4"
i
+.
._.
- -I
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
Approved Fie,c_Reil4ose 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP781304,747AW0600010044-5
PROGRESS LETTER FOR PERIOD
February 10 1963 thru March 10 1963
c Arro, cYz. ctrr4xc!.i
CHANGE DETECTOR
20 March 1963
STATI NTL
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
,
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this program is to develop and fabricate a change detector
that will compare two sets of imagery taken of the same geographic area
at different times and will display and locate any changes that occurred
between the times that the imagery was obtained.
FACTUAL DATA? AND OBSERVATIONS
The eighth month of the program has been deveted to a continuation of the
design phase and display data processing phase of the program.
The preliminary layout of the optical and mechanical components of the
registration system is nearly complete. Detailed design has been con-
centrated in the areas of the film handling mechanism and the CRT mounting
mechanism. A design of the console cabinet has been initiated which will
be compatible with the registration system.
A modification to the breadboard correlator has been initiated which will
enable the breadboard to be automatically sequenced through the various
registration functions required in the final system. It has been determined
that the various registration functions in the breadboard operate satisfactorily
when tested individually, however, since for complete registration these
functions must necessarily overlap, a sequential operation is required. When
completed, the breadboard correlator will be programmed automatically starting
with the correlation gain adjustment with the variable density wedge
mechanism. It will then be switched to the X and Y search, match point
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
-1-
Now'
-4400/
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
detection and coordinate storage mode. Following this, the nutator will
be turned on and X and Y dynamic lock-on will be accomplished. The half-
mask will then be inserted and azimuth lock-on will be accomplished. This
iterative lock-on process will be repeated three times for optimum regis--
tration. Although no automatic scale factor loop is incorporated in the
breadboard, any scale error can be read out and corrected manually.
The phosphor persistance problem encountered in the .001 inch spot CRT
has been completely, eliminated as the tube has been aged. Development of
breadboard shadow rejection circuitry has been completed/This circuitry
is currently being installed in the breadboard change detector system. It
is anticipated that some problems will occur when the normal system noise'
is introduced into the tunnel diode threshold detection circuits. Some
reworking of the design may be necessary in this area.
Fabrication of the electronics to be installed in the console is continuing.
Construction of the synchronizer circuitry is nearly complete. As develop-
ment of other circuitry is completed it will be fabricated on plug-in boards,
wherever possible, for installation in the console.
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
-2-
vise
STATI NTL
STATINTL
DISCUSSION
It has been mentioned previously that the preliminary layout of the console
registration system has been completed. A reproduction of this layout is
shown in Figure 1. The system is shown in the readout mode with the CRT
activated. Included are the manual registration rod assemblies, scale
factor and azimuth variation mechanisms, nutation mechanism and wedges,
and X0 Y lens servos. The scale factor registration mechanism which must
move the lenses axially and also move the film planes to keep the system
in focus is shown with the computation arms in position. These arms mechani?
cally compute the distances required to keep the system in focus when the
scale factor is varied. The arms are tied to potentiometers which are
included in the scale factor position servos of the film magazines. These
position servos are necessary because the mass of the film magazines is too
great for a mechanical linkage between the computor arms and the film magazines.
Most of the remainder of the registration components have been discussed
in previous reports and need not be considered at this time.
It is intended that the registration system will mount vertically with
the CRT at the bottom. This will permit easy access to the film magazines
for film loading.
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
-3-
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
STATI NTL
ROD
POSITION
CONTROL
BOOST SERVO
POSITION POT.
SCALE FACTOR
COMPUTATION
ARM
PHOTOTUBE
FILM
MAGAZINE
ENS-
NUTATION Frl
WEDGES
r-
I
I I
ROD
POSITION
CONTROL
ft
Li
PH OTOTUBE
SCALE FACTOR
COMPUTATION
ARM
CRT
Figure 1 - Registration System
Approved For For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78B04747A002600010044-5
STATI NTL
FUTURE PLANS
Efforts will continue on the system desigp phase and the display data
processing phase of the program.
5
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
Approved Foeleasi002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78B04700020010044-5
PROGRESS LETTER FOR PERIOD
January 1, 1963 to ? February 1, 1963
(Tv Cc Arv,i
CHANGE DETECTOR
STATI NTL
15 February 1963
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
?
?
?
?
STATINTL
STATI NTL
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this program is to develop and fabricate a change detector
that will compare two sets of imagery taken of the same geographic area
at different times and will display and locate any changes that occurred
between the times that the imagery was obtained.
FACTUhL DATA AND OBSERVATIONS
The seventh month of the program has been devoted to a continuation of the
design phase and display data processing phase of the program.
A preliminary layout of the optical and mechanical components of the
registration system to be used in the console has been nearly completed.
Upon completion of this preliminary layout, detailed drawings of the indi-
vidual mechanisms of the registration system will be generated and released
to the engineering shop for construction.
Fabrication of the breadboard variable density wedge mechanism, required
for registration of scenes with differing contrast and base density, has been
completed. The mechanism has been installed in the breadboard correlator
and is currently being checked out.
Match point detection and coordinate storage circuitry, necessary to locate
the match point during the search mode, has been installed in the breadboard
correlator. A modification to the breadboard lens drive mechanism was
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
-1-
?
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
?
?
STATI NTL
incorporated in order to reduce the search amplitude to approximately the
same as that which will be used in the console. Preliminary tests on
these units have determined that the match point detection and coordinate
storage circuitry can locate the true match point of two aerial photographs
and position the lens servo at that match point. Further testing is being
performed to determine the accuracy and sensitivity of the circuitry.
The .001 inch spot diameter tube has been installed in the breadboard
change detector. A readout resolution of 28 line pairs per millimeter has
been obtained using the USAF test target. The cataphoretically coated
phosphor grain size is considerably smaller than that of the
previously used in the system. A phosphor persistance problem was observed
when the tube was initially installed, however from information supplied
by the manufacturer, it was determined that an initial "burn in" or aging
of these high resolution tubes is required. As of this writing with
approximately 40 hours on the tube, the phosphor persistance has dropped to
a value which is acceptable for use in the system.
The raster positioning yoke and circuitry have been installed in the bread?
board. This offers the capability of scanning any desired portion of the
scenes. Tests will be conducted on this raster positioning function to
determine if any astigmatic condition in the CRT spot is encountered as the
raster is displaced from the center of the tube.
STATINTL Construction of the electronic circuitry for the console has been initiated
?2?
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
during this period. Plug?in circuit boards are being used wherever possible
due to their ease of installation and accessibility for service and maintenance.
The synchronizer has been chosen as the first of the circuitry to be con?
structed in this manner, since its development has been essentially completed.
As other circuitry is developed and breadboarded it will be built upon
circuit boards for use in the final system.
The report covering the results of a study conducted to determine the components
and efforts necessary to increase the readout resolution of the system was
completed during this reporting period.
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
-3-
?
?
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
DISCUSSION
Among the efforts being conducted on the display data processing studies
phase of the program are methods of removing from the change display any
changes caused by shadow differences which occur when the two photographs
are taken at different times of the day. Shadows cast from objects exhibit
several attributes when presented on f33m which permits them to be separated
from the remaining material in the photograph. The first attribute of a
shadow (assuming a positive transparency) is that it isvin general themost
dense area of the photograph. In intense sunlight when the shadow is most
apparant the density attribute becomes most valid. In hazy sunlight the
shadow density becomes more difficult to separate from its surroundings,
however, it also becomes less objectionable on the change display. The
second attribute of a shadow on a photograph is that within the shadow there
is considerably less variation of the density than in the surrounding areas.
This is due mainly to a lack of sensitivity of the film in the dark areas.
This loss of spatial frequencies within the shadow is a useful characteristic
which can be used for rejection. The third attribute of shadows which may
be useful for rejection is that the orientation of all the shadows in a
particular photograph will always be the same.
Circuitry is currently under development which will reject shadow differences
on an amplitude or density basis. A block diagram of the video system from
the phototubes to the monitors including the shadow rejection circuitry is
shown in Figure 1. Beginning at each phototube the respective video signals
Approved For Release 2002/01/02: CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
?4?
?
PHOTO TUBE
A
PHOTO TUBE
Approved For Release 200.001A-RDP78B04747A002600010.-5
VIDEO
GAIN
Jo'
VIDEO
AMPL
?IP
DIFFERENCE
CIRCUITRY
FILM POLARITY
1-3.6t
NEG
F
VIDEO VIDEO
GAIN AM PL
TUNNEL
DIODE
THRESHOLD
DETECTOR
MANUAL]
REJECT
LEVEL
.5&( SEC
DELAY
INHIBIT
GATE
DIFFER ENT?
IATO R
DIFFERENCE
*TO MONITORS
FILM POLARITY
OFFNG
TUNNEL
DIODE
THRESHOLD
DETECTOR
MANUAL
REJECT
LEVEL
?
STATI NTL
MA NUAL
EDGE
ELIMINATION
CONTROL
LEADING
--)EDGE
(Th > DELAY
GENERATOR
TRAILING
*EDGE
p, DELAY
GENERATOR
FLIP
FLOP
11
REJECTION
)0 GATE
VIDEO
DRIVER
SHADOW
REJECTED
VIDEO TO MONITOR
AppIGj roveu For141ellalQ02/0/12 CTAQ:\478B04747A002600010044-5
F
?
?
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
are amplified with gains adjusted to the desired values. The difference
cirucitry inverts the desired signal to obtain the difference (A?B) or
(B?A). When no shadow rejection is necessary, this difference is then
fed directly to the change display monitor. When shadow differences are
apparent the rejection circuitry is made operable by selecting the proper
mode of the switch either positive or negative depending on the polarities
of the films. Rejection of the shadows is accomplished by sensing the
amplitude of the shadow and returning this amplitude to the neutral grey
level of the change display background. The threshold level at which the
shadows will be rejected has been made operator variable so that the
possibility of rejecting dense areas which are not shadows will be minimized.
A problem which occurs when shadow rejection is based on amplitude information
is that, due to the finite system bandwidth and film resolution limitations,
instant transition from non?shadow area to shadow area in the video waveform
is not possible. Thus the shadow area will have reached the rejection
threshold level before the rejection circuitry can return the amplitude to
the neutral background level. This results in an edge outlining of the
shadow area with a width proportional to the rise and fall times of the video
waveform of the shadow area. Circuitry to eliminate this problem is shown
in Figure 1. A fixed delay of 0.5 microsecond is added to the video difference
output while no delay is added to the tunnel diode threshold detectors which
operate on the individual video waveforms. The waveforms from the tunnel
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
-6-
?
STATI NTL
diode circuits which represent the shadows to be rejected are combined
in the inhibit gate so that only differences in shadows will be rejected.
The resultant waveform is differentiated and the leading edge is used to
trigger a 0 to .5 microsecond delay multivibrator, while the trailing
edge is used to trigger a .5 to 1 microsecond delay multivibrator. The
outputs of the delay multivibrators trigger a flip?flop which drives the
rejection gate. Assuming a video waveform with a shadow area having a rise
and fall time of .5 microsecond, the tunnel diode threshold circuit will
trigger .5 microsecond after the shadow has actually started. However, the
fixed delay of .5 microsecond in the video difference line will place the
start of the rejection circuitry exactly in coincidence with the start of the
shadow if the leading edge delay multivibrator is set for 0 delay. The
trailing edge delay multivibrator must be set for 1 microsecond to insure
coincidence of the rejection circuitry with the end of the shadow. For scenes
having shadows approaching instantaneous rise and fall times the leading and
trailing edge delay multivibrators must each approach .5 microsecond delay.
The cirucitry being developed contains a single control which will set each
delay multivibrator to the proper position by observing the monitor and
adjusting for minimum edge outline of the rejected shadows.
It may become necessary to combine either or both of the other shadow
attributes with the one currently being explored, however it is felt that
more data on the effectiveness of this method is needed before
STATINTL any combination is attempted.
?7?
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
T, S ATINTL
STATI NTL
FUTURE PLANS
Efforts will continue on the system design phase and display data processing
studies phase of the program.
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
?8?
STATI NTL
Approved 1?'ease 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78B0
PROGRESS LETTER FOR PERIOD
2600010044-5
December 1, 1962 to January 1, 1963
CHANGE DETECTOR
STATI NTL
10 January 1962
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
?
STATI NTL
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this program is to develop and fabricate a change detector
that will compare two sets of imagery taken of the same geographical area
at different times and will display and locate any changes that occurred
between the times that the imagery was obtained.
FACTUAL DATA AND OBSERVATIONS
The sixth month of the program has been devoted to a continuation of the
design phase and display data processing studies phase of the program.
A breadboard version of the dove mirror system for azimuth rotation has been
STATI NTL
? installed in the breadboard change detector. The dove mirrors have been
evaluated in conjunction with the 9 1/2" lenses in the breadboard and
411 the combination has been determined to be satisfactory with respect to
distortion and resolution. As a result, design efforts for the final system
are continuing utilizing the lenses and the dove mirror system.
STATINTL
Considerable effort has been expended during this period on the determination
of components and efforts required to increase the readout resolution of the
system. Items which must be considered include: a smaller spot diameter CRT,
regulated high voltage power supply, regulated focus supply, dynamic focus
requirements, optical focusing capability of the system, and registration
accuracy of the system. In addition, methods of suppressing the raster lines
STATINTL in the monitors are also under investigation. The report discussing the
recommended approaches and goals will be available in mid-January.
-1--
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
111
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
?
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
The .001 in. spot diameter CRT which will meet the existing system design
goals has been received from It is a slightly modified version
of the Approximately 1 inch has been added to the neck length
of the tube in order to move the deflection yoke reference line back to allow
for insertion of the separate raster position yoke in front of the deflection
yoke. This modification was necessary to eliminate excessive defocusing of
the spot and neck shadow that would have occurred with the use of the position
yoke. This tube is currently being mounted in the breadboard system for
checkout.
The special raster positioning yoke has also been received and is being
installed on the new CRT for evaluation.
The match point detection and coordinate storage circuitry is being installed
in the breadboard correlator. The correlator has been modified in order to
generate the lateral and longitudinal search functions to be used in conjunction
with the match point circuitry. When the installation is complete) the bread?
board correlator will be able to automatically search and find the match point
of two scenes in x and y, dynamically lock?on in x and y, and dynamically
lock?on in azimuth.
Fabrication of the breadboard version of the variable density wedge mechanism
necessary to keep the registration gain nearly constant has almost been
completed. When installed in the breadboard correlator, photographs with
varying levels of base density and contrast will be registered to determine
if the operation is satisfactory. Design of circuitry for shadow rejection
is proceeding according to schedule.
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
?2?
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
DISCUSSION
Design efforts in the circuitry and components associated with generating,
focusing and positioning of the raster on the scanning CRT have resulted
in some modification and improvements to the scanning portion of the system.
The basic requirement of the CRT system is to present a 525 line raster
which scans each of the film frames in synchronism. Initially, with the
optics of the system set at unity magnification, the raster size must be
70 mm along its minimum or vertical dimension to get full coverage of the
70 mm film frame. When it is desired to examine in detail a particular
area of the films, the raster size is then reduced and positioned accordingly
to view the desired area. In order to fully utilize the increased readout
resolution when the system is operated at the reduced raster size, a
correction voltage (dynamic focus) must be applied to the focus anode of
the CRT to keep its spot in optimum focus.
The size of the raster will be varied by changing the amplitude of the sweep
waveforms into the vertical and horizontal deflection amplifiers. This
will be accomplished by means of two ganged potentiometers inserted between
raster waveform generation circuitry and the deflection amplifiers. This
function can be performed either manually or automatically by the raster
size control mechanism as a function of the overlap of the two film frames.
Positioning of the raster is accomplished by two methods. Positioning in
the vertical direction is performed by feeding a d?c voltage derived from
the manually controlled vertical position potentiometer into the vertical
-3-
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
STATINTL
deflection amplifier and deflection yoke. Horizontal positioning, however,
cannot be accomplished by this method since the horizontal deflection
amplifier cannot effectively handle the large direct current excursions
required for raster positioning along with the 15,750 cycle deflection wave?
form. As a result, a special horizontal raster positioning yoke has been
developed which will be inserted in front of the regular deflection yoke.
The horizontal raster position voltage is derived from the manually controlled
horizontal position potentiometer. It is then amplified and fed directly to
the special position yoke. In order to accommodate the extra yoke without
excessive defocusing of the spot, approximately 1 inch was added to the neck
STATINTL length of the CRT by the manufacturer.
411 It has been determined that only the raster position information is needed
?
STATINTL
to dynamically focus the CRT in order to meet the existing resolution
specification. Originally, it was felt that both position and raster size
information was required. If the resolution specification is increased both
may again be needed, but for the present only position is being considered.
The dynamic focus requirements discussed in the August Progress Letter must
still be met, however, the distance D in the equation V = 39D2 can be
measured to the center of the raster regardless of its size with neglible
defocusing at the corners. A functional block diagram of the simplified
dynamic focus system is shown in Figure 1. Breadboards of the circuits
and components are nearly complete.
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
-4-
TOM
Approved For Release 2002
IA-RDP781304747A002600010.5
X POS ITI
14
\foci AGE.
Su pPLy
is- V
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A 85() OTE
VALUE
Rcu iT
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Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
C. ta-tvk
FbLtVVJ 5 le
Fc,ck)
roC.A.) 5
?
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
Approved F
ase 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78B047.111?2600010044-5
PROGRESS LETTFIt FOR PERIOD
November 1, 1962 to December 1, 1962
CHANGE DETECTOR
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
20 December 1962
Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP78604747A002600010044-5
?
?
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
Program Objectives
The purpose of this program is to develop and fabricate a change detector
that will compare two sets of imagery taken of the same geographic area
at different times and will display and locate any changes that occurred
between the times that the imagery was obtained.
Factual Data and Observations
The fifth month of the program has been devoted to a continuation of the
design phase and display data processing studies of the program.
A modification of the optical design of the system has been initiated in
order to utilize the dove mirror system for azimuth variations. The physical
size of the dove mirror system requires a longer optical path in order to
be inserted properly. Two 9-1/2 in. f 6.8 enlarging
lenses havebeen received and are being evaluated for use in this longer
optical system.
Discussions with customer representatives have determined that a require-
ment exists to increase the readout resolution of the system above the
design goal of 40 TV lines/mm (20 optical line pairs/ ). A study is
mm
underway to determine the maximum resolution obtainable from state-of-the
art components as well as the requirements on other parts of the system to
fully utilize higher resolution. A separate report will be written which
discusses the ramifications of increasing the system resolution.
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Fabrication of a breadboard version of the variable density wedge mechanism
to compensate for variations in film base densities and contrasts during
the registration mode has been initiated. When completed it will be installed
in the breadboard correlator for evaluation.
Tests on the
larger formats.
enses have shown them to be inadequate for 5 in. and
s
Tests on the aforementioned W enses will be conducted
to determine their multi?format capabilities.
Development of matchpoint detection and coordinate storage circuitry is
continuing. Upon completion of development of this circuitry it will be
installed in the breadboard correlator for checkout.
Development of circuitry for meeting the dynamic focus requirements of the
CRT has been initiated. This circuitry will generate the necessary voltage
to keep the raster in focus on the CRT regardless of the raster size or
position.
Work on the shadow rejection circuitry is continuing. As this circuitry
is completed it will be incorporated into the breadboard change detector
for testing.
?2?
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FILM A
o BSEcT\
E-ds
FILM 8
STATI NTL
p ?To -rid BE
FIG I. OR1c3INAL opTicP\L .5)/57E11
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Discussion
STATI NTL
It has become increasingly obvious during the early months of the program
that azimuth corrections made by physical rotation of the films was un?
desirable for several reasons. Rotation of the bulky film handling
mechanism would require a large and powerful servo. The film indexing
function would become a serious problem. In addition, this method of
azimuth variation would further complicate the multi?format problem. As
a result considerable design effort has been placed on other methods of
azimuth variation.
A dove mirror system has been developed which will perform azimuth correction,
however some changes in the overall optical system are necessary in order
to use it. Consider the original optical system concept as shown in Figure 1.
Azimuth rotation was done at the film planes. Each side of the split optical
system was set along the rods at a nominal angle of 6 degrees from a center?
line perpendicular to the face of the CRT to assure clearance of all the
mechanisms in the optical paths. Insertion of the dove mirror system into
this optical setup is not feasible for several reasons. The length of the
assembly required to hold the dove mirror system is greater than the space
available in the optical path with the existing 7-1/2 inch focal length lens.
Also, rotation of the dove mirror system about the 6 degrees offset results
in a focal shift and tilt in the image as the azimuth is varied.
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1
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A modification of the original optical concept which will eliminate these
problems is shown in Figure 2. The side of the system which incorporates
the dove mirror system is placed on the centerline. The other side must
be placed at a nominal 12 degrees from the centerline to assure the same
clearance of the mechanisms as in the original system.
This new optical system was set up on the breadboard change detector and it
was determined that the 12 degree off-axis requirement on one lens was
beyond the capability of the 7-1/2 in. focal length lens. Severe
shading and loss of resolution was observed in that channel. 9-1/2 in.
focal lengthillillienses were ordered and placed into the breadboard when
received. Negligible shading and no discernable loss of resolution was
observed when these lenses were installed in the breadboard. The use of
these longer focal length lenses also allows more room for placement of the
dove mirror system in the optical path.
A reversion of the image occurs when the dove mirror system is placed in the
optical path. In order to keep the images in each channel of the optical
system in the proper geometric relationship the folding mirror which also
reverts the image has been removed from the optical channel which contains
the dove system.
Future Plans
Efforts will continue in the system design and display data processing
studies phases of the program.
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?
FL m A
FoLboo C
MIZeok
pl-loToTt
?
I DoVE ma-eDie.
? / S\/STa- M
? \ 1_4_ _ I
.41-1
E NOT 14
t3
STATI NTL
N\YTAI\bk)
VVEOGE:
13Li:EfFsT.EtV.sE
FIG 2 PI 6 D FI Et pT CAL '/STEM
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STATI NTL
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PROGRESS LETTER
FOR
PERIOD OCTOBER 1, 1962 TO NOPVENEh 1, 1962
CHANGE DETECTOR
STATI NTL
20 November 1962
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STATI NTL
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PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this program is to develop and fabricate a change detector
that will compare two sets of imagery taken of the same geographic area
at different times and will display and locate any changes that occurred
between the times that the imagery was obtained.
FACTUAL DATA AND OBSERVATIONS
The fourth month of the program has been devoted to the initiation of the
design phase and the display data processing studies phase of the program.
An improved method of correlating the two scenes in all four axes in the
automatic registration mode is under development. This method utilizes a
full correlation mask and half-mask combination that with only lateral and
longitudinal nutation applied results in registration in x, y, scale factor
and azimuth. A breadboard correlator has been constructed which automatically
registers two scenes in x, y, and azimuth utilizing this method,
Methods of varying the azimuth of the two scenes other than physical rotation
of the films are under investigation. One method which appears promising is
the insertion of a dove mirror system similar in operation to the dove prism,
along one of the optical paths. Rotation of the dove mirror system results
in rotation of one of the images of the scenes. Considerable desi7n effort
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is being expended in this area since it is felt that a method of azimuth
variation without physical rotation of films will enhance the mutiformat
considerations of the system.
In connection with the mutiformat considerations of the system, a preliminary
investigation of the suitability of the pro-raptar lenses chosen for the
70 mm system for 5 in. and larger apertures has shown them to be marginal.
This lens is not designed for large aperture coverage and noticeable de-
gradation of resolution was observed as the coverage was increased above
70 mm. Other longer focal length lenses capable of larger coverage have
been ordered and will be evaluated as soon as received.
The phototube has been selected for the system. Comparison tests
were conducted between the a much larger tube. The signal-
STATINTL
to-noise and linearity measurements of each of the tube types showed them
STATINTL to be nearly identical. The was chosen, therefore, because of its
smaller size.
1STATINTL
Design of a breadboard mechanism which will hold the maximum amount of light
reaching the phototube during the automatic registration mode relatively
constant regardless of the base densities and contrast of the two films has
been initiated. The basic approach is to use the phototube to sense the
light and feed back the voltage out of the phototube to servo controlled
variable density wedges placed in front of the backlite. If the product
of the base densities of the films increases t'ne servo will position the
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variable density wedge to allow more light to be generated by the backlite.
Conversly, if the product of base densities decrease the servo will position
the wedge to allow less light to be generated.
Development of matchpoint detection circuitry and circuitry for storing the
x and y coordinates of the match point has begun. The matchpoint detector
will sample the phototube signal as the image of one scene is searched
across the other and select the maximum second derivative of the signal as
the true matchpoint. This type of matchpoint detection was chosen since
it is more reliable than a threshold type.
Work has been started on the development of shadow rejection circuitry. The
first approach will be to use the density of the shadow as the criterion for
rejection.
The resolution capability of the existing breadboard system has been measured
using a standard USAF resolving power test target. The resolution limiting
1111111
element of the system was determined to be the .0015 in spot cathode
ray tube. The optical resolution capabilities of system with unity optical
magnification were 22 line pairs per millimeter at maximum electronic blow-
up and 7 line pairs per millimeter with complete coverage of a 70 millimeter
scene. Considerable improvement is expected when the .001 in CRT is in-
stalled in the system.
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j
DISCUSSION
Last month's report discussed the rod approach under development for
manual initial alignment of the two scenes. This discussion will present
the design approach under development for automatic registration of the
two scenes.
Consider the simplified schematic of the system shown in Figure 1 as it
exists in the automatic registration mode. It is assumed that the search
function has placed the image of one scene on the other within the dynamic
lock-on range of the system. Azimuth variations are shown as a physical
rotation of the scenes for simplicity, however rotation of the images
can be accomplished by the dove mirror system previously mentioned.
Assume that the image of one scene on the other for the simple targets
shown in Figure 2. Small translational, azimuth, and scale factor errors
exist in the registration. If the x and y servo loops are now closed
through the phase detectors and lens servo with the nutation wedges
generating the conventional circular nutation, x and y error signals will
be generated to null their respective servos. The two scenes will register
to the centroid of the target area. The x and y lens servos are locked
into this position. A half-mask is then inserted over the image of one
of the scenes to blank out half of the image as shown in Figure 3. If a
rotational error exists in the area now being correlated it will show up
in the y channel phase detector since the x components of the error signal
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SOLON OID
FIELD LENS
MIRROR
L__
=-N\
X PHASE
DET
PHASE
DET
NUTATION
DRIVER
CORRELATION X I
HALF
MASK SERVO
MASK
_1
r - -
c RT I
- -
AMP
NUTAT ION I
WEDGES I
SCALE _? r_ _ 4yi?SCENE
p
FACTOR c A
SERVO
PHOTOT UBE
SCENE
AZIMUTH
SERVO
BACK LIGHT
FIGURE I
CORR LATION SYSTEM
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? STATINTL
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SC_ENE A
Sc_ead.5
FIG 2 ? SUPERIMPosED IMAGES voTH X,YiscALE FAcToR.
AND A2.1 MUTH RFkC) RS
_
FIG.3 ? SUPERIMPOSED IMAGES WITH HALF-MASK
Approvefli,T.Me\an,3002ADV?2E: p1A-RIgrp047ea0irrAlli:_Mittry
STATINTL
STATI NTL
generated by circular nutation of the targets above and below the center
line of the images cancel. Similarly, a scale factor error between the
two scenes shows up as an x error in the phase detectors since targets
above and below the center line of the correlation area generate equal
and opposite error signals which cancel in the y channel.
The y error signal can be fed directly to the azimuth servo to null the
rotational error, and the x error signal can be fed to the scale factor
servo to null the scale factor error. With the nulling of the azimuth
and scale factor accomplished, a smaller x and y error will be introduced.
The azimuth and scale factor servos must then be locked in position, the
half?mask removed and the x and y phase detector converted to their
respective lens servos. When registered in xand y the same process must
again be repeated for scale factor and azimuth. It is anticipated that a
maximum of three complete operations will be required to obtain the desired
accuracy of registration.
The advantage of this method is that only one nutation mechanism is required_
to register the two scenes in x, y, scale factor and azimuth. The time
required to complete 3 operations is still less than that required to perform
simultaneous nutation in all four axes since to nutate a large mass especially
for scale factor would require a very low nutation frequency.
The requirement that the center of rotation and center of scale factor
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variation be on the center of the two scenes to be correlated is compatible
with the optical approach discussed in the previous report. The centroid
of the overlap area of the two films to be registered is always kept at
the center of rotation and center of scale factor variation by the rods.
A breadboard system utilizing this method has been constructed which
registers two scenes in x, y, and azimuth. Correlation of typical aerial
photographs in these three axes has been achieved. In addition, the scale
factor of the two photographs has been varied and satisfactory scale factor
error signals have been observed. A breadboard scale factor servo has not
been fabricated due to the complexity of the mechanism.
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Progress Letter for Period
September 1, 1962 to Octobcr 1, 1962 -V:- pir.,,fia
C rf 00,1: . ;214o- t
CHA.NrIT DETECT oa
STATI NTL
29 Octnor 1962
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STATINTL
Program Objectives
The purpose of this program is to develop and fabricate a change detector
that will compare two sets of imagery taken of the same geographic area at
different times and will display and locate any changes that occurred be-
tween the times that the imaging was obtained.
Factual Data and Observations
The third month of the program has been devoted to the completion of the
system predesign phase of the program.
Efforts on the system design task have resulted in several modifications to
the initial design concept. In order to eliminate some of the large number
of position servos required for both manual positioning and automatic regi-
stration of the two scenes, a method of attaching the lenses and other
registration elements to rods which duplicate the optical path requirements
for registration has been devised.
Discussion with customer representatives during this month has resulted in
the decision that the multi-format studies should continue for several more
months. It was also decided that the design of this model should be limited
to 70 mm formats since an attempt to incorporate larger formats would cause
considerable delay in the development and fabrication of the system. The
8-inch condensing lenses have been received and the study to determine the
STATINTL compatibility of the Pro-rapter objective lenses with a 5-inch format has
been initiated. In connection with the optical system requirements, two
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phototube types have been chosen which meet the noise, shading, and linearity
reouirements of the system. The tubes chosen
are undergoing further tests to determine which is the most
acceptable.
Work on the breadboard system has resulted in the completion of breadboard
circuitry necessary to show all changes in the same polarity (white). This
circuitry also permits the background or unchanged area to be blanked out
to any desired degree. A breadboard synchronizer has been developed. It
is capable of supplying the necessary sync and blanking waveforms to the
CRT and monitors in order to produce a fully interlaced 525 line raster.
Design specifications have been completed in the following areas: CRT and
associated power supply requirements, dynamic focus, deflection amplifiers,
deflection yoke, synchronizer, raster generator, match-point detector and
coordinate storage, phase detectors, and system low voltage power supplies.
Generation of specifications of the other areas is continuing.
14-inch professional monitors have been ordered for use
initially in the display data processing studies and ultimately in the
system console. These monitors are of studio quality. They have regulated
power supplies and employ circuitry capable of supplying e higher resolution
more stable presentation of video signals than the monitors currently in use
in the breadboard system.
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Discussion
It has been increasingly apparent during the study phase that to use position
servos to obtain manual adjustment in X, Y, scale factor, and azimuth; to
perform automatic registration in these four axes; and to perform the
correlation mask and raster size adjustment functions would result in
prohibitively large number of these servos. As 2 result another approach
which will eliminate many of the servos formerly required is under development.
In order to best explain this new approach, the basic optical paths of the
system should first be examined. This can be represented in simplified form
as a screen, S; the two objective lenses, 11 and 12; and the two scenes,
T1 and T2' as shown in Figure 1A. Registration of corresponding areas of
T1 and T2 will automatically result in registration of their respective images
on the screen, S, due to the system geometry. The screen represents the
CRT face in the initial alignment and readout modes of the system and the
field lens?mirror combination in the automatic registration mode.
Consider the situation shown in Figure 1B which could exist in the acquisition
of the input data that would result in a requirement for the system to align
the resulting transparencies in all axes. The difference in the principle
point locations would require translational corrections, the difference in
orientation would require azimuth corrections, and the difference in coverage
of the photographic frames would necessitate a scale factor correction.
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FIG.1A
SIMPLIFIED GEOMETRY OF SYSTEM
TARGET
FLIGHT PATH a
FIG. 1B
DATA AQUISITION
T1
T2
FIG,1C
TRANSPARENCIES
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Figure 1C illustrates the transparencies as they would be inserted in the
system with the position of a sample target (arrow) located at the centroid
of the overlap area. The overlapping area is also shown dotted in. Figure
2A shows the ttansparencies inserted in the simplified system with the
resultant image of the target shown at the screen plane. To register the
scenes in the translational axes the centroid of the overlapping area of
each transparency must be imaged at the center of the screen surface. This
requires a translation of the optical axes in the X and Y directions as
shown in Figure 2B. The optical path intersecting at scene T1 must be
I
translated the distance (X' Y ) and that scene T2 must be translated the
l 1
t
distance (41X2). With the centroid of the overlap area properly positioned,
azimuth registration is the next process. This is illustrated in Figute 3A.
Rotation of the transparencies is one approach being considered. From the
previous figure the center of the optical axis intersects T1 at the point
1 1 t
P (X11X1). A rotation through the angle 9Lis introduced to the transparency
Tl. The complete optical path including the lens 11 is forced to rotate
through the same angle. This is done to prevent translation of the image
at screen, S, due to the fact that the centroid of the overlap area at the
scene T1 is not the center of rotation of Tl. Rotation of the optical path
along with the transparency transforms the centroid of the overlap area to
the center of rotation. The new position of the optical center line is now
rt tt
at the point P (X1,Y1). The transparency T2 is rotated through the angle 92
and the resultant intersection of the optical path and T2 is P (X21X2). The
resultant image at S is now initially registered in X,Y and azimuth. Other
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-
Li
Yl
FIG. 2A
SYSTEM AFTER INITIAL INSETION OF SCEHES
Ti
-XI
FIG 2B
SYSTEM AFTER TRANSLATIONAL REGISTRATON
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FIG, 3A
SYSTEM AFTER AZIMUTH ALIGNMENT
L2
2.1
38
SYSTEM AFTER SCALE FACTOR CORRECTIC:
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methods of azimuth alignment by insertion of rotational optical elements
in the optical path are being investigated but do not appear too promising
at this time. Registration in scale factor as shown in Figure 3B requires
a translation of the lenses (and transparencies to maintain focus) along
the optical path. Initially, lens 11 is positioned such that the optical
tt
center line intersects T1 at P (X1, )r1), and 12 is positioned that its
tt
optical center line intersects T2 at P (X2,X2). Lens 11 is translated
axially a distance ZI and 12 translated axially an equal and opposite
distance Z2. The transparencies follow each lens accordingly to maintain
focus. The balanced adjustment of the lenses is used to limit the excursion
necessary to obtain the 2:1 variation requirements in scale factor if only
one lens were used. X and Y translation of the image at the screen plane
as the scale factor is corrected, is no longer a problem with this
implementation since the centroid of the overlapping area coincides with
the center lines of the optical system. The resultant image registered
in X,Y, azimuth and scale factor is shown at the screen, S, in the figure.
To sum upIthe requirements for complete registration of the two scenes
with an optical path emanating from the center of the screen or CRT surface are:
(1) Translational registration requires lateral and longitudinal
excursions of the optical paths at their intersections with
the transparency planes.
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(2) Azimuth registration can be accomplished by a rotation of
the transparencies but the optical paths must also be
rotated along with the transparencies to prevent translation
of the image.
(3)
Scale factor registration can be accomplished by axial
excursions of the lenses and transparencies along the optical
paths when the optical center lines of each half of the system
intersect the centroid of their respective overlap area on
the transparencies.
An implementation which lends itself readily to these requirements is to
affix the optical elements to rigid rods which can duplicate the excursion
requirements of the optical paths. Obviously, the rods cannot be inserted
in the optical paths. They can, however, run parallel to the optical
paths with the lenses and other optical elements driven by them so as to
be in the proper optical position. With one end of the rods attached to
pivot points along side of the CRT, the other end of the rods can be then
coupled through mechanical linkages to the control panel for translational
variations. Azimuth variations can be accomplished by rotation of the
transparencies either through the use of positional servos or mechanical
linkages to the control panel. The rods can be tied through mechanical
linkages to the rotation mechanism to prevent the translational variations
accompanying azimuth registration. Scale factor accomodations can be
accomplished by sliding the lens mechanisms along the rods.
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Mechanization of the search and nutation functions for automatic registration
will be the same as that previously described. The search and nutation
mechanisms will be tied to one of the rods and will follow along as the
rod is moved.
Future Plans
Efforts will continue on the design phase of the program. Work will be
initiated in the area of display data processing studies.
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Progress Letter for Period
August 1, 1962 to September I, 1962
STATI NTL
CHANGE DETECTOR
17 September 1962
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Program Objectivp
The purpose of this program is to develop and fabricate a change detector
that will compare two sets of imagery taken of the same geographic area at
different times and will display and locate any changes that occured between
the times that the imagery was obtained.
Factual Data and Observations
, The second month of the program has been devoted to the intermediate phase
of the system predesign. Efforts have been concentrated along the lines of
the tasks described in the July progress letter.
In connection with the system design task several areas have been covered.
A chart describing the condition, state, or operation of each major component
in the system as the console is programmed through the various functions
starting with the film insertion and ending with the readout of changes, is
being dsveloped. Upon completion of this chart a detailed equipment block
diagram of the complete system can be readily generated.
A preliminary sketch of the registration mechanisms and optics has been
developed to determine the compatibility of the various components required
for registration.
Consideration of larger film formats was initiated during this period. The
following cases are being investigated:
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70 mm aperture on 5 in. film
70 mm aperture on 5 and 9 in. film
? 5 in, aperture for 70 mm and 5 in. films
9 in. aperture for 70 nm, 5 in. and 9 in. films
A method of masking of one scene on the other during correlation is under
development. The requirement for the mask size is to inscribe the largest
rectangle within the image of this overlap area of one scene on the overlap
area of the other scene.
Efforts on the optical system requirements have been concentrated in two
411 main areas. Tests on phototube signal to noise ratio, linearity, and
shading are continuing. A method for obtaining dynamic focus of the CRT
under any condition of raster size or position during the area blow-up mode
of operation is under investigation.
I STATINTL
Work on the up-dating of the breadboard system has been concentrated in the
output display area. Circuitry to show the change display with all changes
having the same polarity is under development. It is felt this will have
value for demonstration purposes as well as for evaluation purposes.
Discussion
Considerable effort has been expended during this period on the determination
of compatibility of larger formats with the existing 70 rrm design concept.
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A preliminary sketch of a film magazine required to handle 9 in. film with
a 70 mm aperture has been generated. One basic problem that has become
apparent during this investigation is that since only a small area of each
9 in. film may be viewed at a time (16 separate areas must be scanned to get
complete 9 in. coverage with a 70 mm aperture) the operator may find it
extremely difficult to determine the overlapping areas of the two films in
order to perform the initial alignment. Offering the capability of viewing
the complete 9 in, formats to establish initial alignment but not registering
or detecting changes on the total area would appear to be a partial solution
to this problem. However, to perform this, either another duplicate optical
system with 9 in. viewing capability must be added to the existing 70 mm
registration optics, or the existing optical system must be made capable of
viewing the 9 in. format. Neither approach Can be considered to be very
compatible with the existing design concept.
The case of a 5 in. format with a 70 nun aperture exhibits to a lesser degree
the problems previously described. Viewing the 5 in. format and registering
in 70 mm increments would still require the same type of duplicate optical
system presenting the same design problems.
An approach which is currently being considered as a reasonable compromise
for this first model is the use of the existing registration optics design
concept with a 5 in. aperture to cover 5 in. and 70 mm formats. Large
condensing lenses to cover a 5 in. format have been ordered and will be
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used to evaluate the distortion, shading, and resolution capabilities of
the Pro-Raptar objective lenses for the larger format. The effects of the
large scale factor change and X & Y excursion changes on the registration
design concept when going from 70 mm to 5 in. formats are yet to be determined.
Correlation Mask
The correlation mask is used to limit the area of the backlighted scene
imaged on the second scene so that only the overlapping areas are correlated
during the registration process. The extent of the overlapping area is
determined by the relative sizes of the scenes, the displacement of the scenes
vertically and horizontally, the orientation of the scenes, and the magnifica-
tion ratio of the optics.
The correlation mask will be constructed of four movable slides placed at
the field lens aperture so that the opening between the slides projects a
rectangular masked image of the backlighted scene onto the second scene. The
position of the four slides and therefore the mask size, is determined by a
"mask computer" mechanism. The "mask computer" which determines the overlap
area of the two scenes and feeds this information into the mask accepts
inputs from the lens positions and orientations of the two scenes. It is
anticipated that mechanical linkages will drive the correlation mask from
STATINTL the output of the 'Mask computer".
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?
STATINTL
Automatic adjustment of the raster size on the CRT to view only the area
where the scenes overlap will be accomplished by essentially the same method
with the exception that instead of inscribing a rectangle of maximum dimen-
sion the unit will circumscribe a rectangle that has the same proportions as
the raster. The output of this mechanism will be in the form of a potentio-
meter reading for the horizontal and vertical scan size control.
Dynamic Focus
Dynamic Focus to be used in the system will bonsist of a correction voltage
superimposed on the focus electrode voltage of the high resolution CRT.
An attempt will be made to hold the trace resolution to within 20% of the
nominal trace width (.001 inch) over the useable areas of the CRT face.
2 .
The equation V . 39 D in Which D is distance from screen center and V is
the correction voltage required to maintain focus when. the CRT anode is at
15 KV approximates the required function. A block diagram of the trnamic
focus system is shown in Figure 1.
Since a raster of variable size and variable amounts of DC centering offset
is to be displayed on the CRT it is necessary to sample both X and Y sweep
currents in addition to the X and Y offset currents in the deflection yoke.
STATINTL
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STATI NTL
yoE
PA I vE
SoKw&
jiirSISTOK
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yeKE
CENTER
OFFsET
POWER
X
ioFFsET
yoKE
APIR
A PDF R
me
AMP
sAPIPLING-
RESISTOR
310(2+6
A PDOR
FOCUS
VOLTAGE
SUM. y
focuS ELECTRoDE
Figure 1 - Dynamic Focus
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STATI NTL
STATI NTL
STATI NTL
The sum of these currents will then be used to derive the focus correction
voltage.
No attempt has been made to breadboard these circuits since design work is
still in progress on the "X? offset yoke. Some difficulty is expected in
the non-linear squaring amplifiers since these must be of the DC type due to
the DC offset voltages.
The best approach however, seems to be in finding a triode vacuum tube whose
grid voltage vs plate current characteristics approximate the V = 39 D2 curve.
Future Plans
It is anticipated that most of the system predesign tasks will be completed(
during the next month. Work on the System Design task will be initiated.
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?
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PROGRESS LETTER FOR PERIOD
? JULY 1, 1962 TO AUGUST 1, 1962
STATI NTL
SI
CHANGE DETECTOR
STATI NTL
,
10 August 1962
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STATI NTL
STATI NTL
S
?
STATI NTL
Program Objective
The purpose of this program is to develop and fabricate a change detector
that will compare two sets of imagery taken of the same geographic area
at different times and will display and locate any changes that occured
between the times that the imagery was obtained.
?1?
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STATI NTL
111 STATINTL
Factual Data and Observations
This first month of the contract has been devoted to the initial phase of
the System predesign as outlined in the proposed development program of
STATINTL
In order to adequately perform the design of the change
detector console several tasks to be performed in the system predesign
phase have been determined. A list of these tasks is herein presented:
?
?
STATI NTL
1. Determine the complete system configuration most capable
of meeting system design goals.
Determine actions and interactions of the following:
1. X & Y search, nutation and position
2. Scale-factor nutation and position
3. Azimuth motion
4. Tip and tilt excursions
2. Consider the compatibility of the system with film formats
through 9 in. (70 mm coverage at one time).
3. Determine the method of scene masking most capable of handling
various amounts of scene overlap.
a, Establish minimum overlap capability.
4. Determine optical system requirements with respect to resolution,
shading, distortion, and video signal-to-noise.
a. Select lenses capable of meeting above requirements.
b. Select crt and phototubes most compatible with signal-to-
noise and resolution requirements.
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STATI NTL
5. Select best method of change position readout.
6. Update existing breadboard change detector for use in
component evaluation and display data processing studies.
7. Generate design specifications or characteristics for each
major electronic, mechanical, or optical component or
assembly in both the comparator unit and display unit.
Discussion
STATI NTL
Consideration of the complete system requirements has led to the development
of two preliminary system block diagrams. They are shown in Figure 1 and
Figure 2. The automatic registration mode and the comparison readout mode
operations of the system are treated separately since the functions performed
by the components of the system are somewhat different in each.
In the automatic registration mode,light from the backlight source will be
reflected off the backlight mirror and through the film plane A. The light
is then reflected off another mirror in order to fold the optical path.
The optical path has been folded to reduce the over-all length of the system
in one dimension. This will permit the two film magazine assemblies to be
placed in a position in the console where they can be loaded easily. After
being reflected off this mirror, the light then passes through one of the
objective lenses and is reflected off the removable mirror up to the field
lens-mirror reflecting mechanism. The field lens-mirror reflecting
mechansim is placed at the same optical position as the crt when the mirror
is removed. The light is then reflected again off the removable mirror and
passes through the second objective lens, the X and Y nutation wedges, and
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? Approved For Release 20040/01101A-RDP781304747A00260001.-5
?
MANUAL IN
MASK SIZE
MECHANISM
MIRROR
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MATCH
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DET-EcTOR
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FILM A
4)1'1 AZ I M LIThi
3 - - - XBACK LITE MA N UAL
BAC K L IT E MIRROR
AUTOMATIC
REGISTRATION MODE
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?
STATI NTL
?
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?
syNciiRoNIZER
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COMPARISON
REA IDOGIT MODE
SYNC
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CONTROL
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CHANGE
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AND/OR
ClOaD
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STATI NTL
?
STATI NTL
is reflected off the other folding mirror up to film plane D. The total
optical system thus images the scene at film plane A on film plane B.
Assuming the same polarity films at both planes the phototube at scene B
will measure a maximum of light when the two scenes are in register.
The electronics following the phototube are conventional correlator
electronics with match point detection circuitry supplying positional
information to the X and Y servos during the search mode and phase detectors
supplying positional information during dynamic lock-on. X and Y search will
be accomplished by translation of both objective lenses. X and Y nutation
will be accomplished with the use of optical wedges in optical path B. Once
registration has occured the nutation wedges will be reset to a. zero deflection
condition so that no deflection of the image occurs during the readout mode.
Scale factor position will be accomplished by axial translatbn of the objective
? lenses and film planes. Nutation in scale factor will be an axial translation
STATI NTL
of one of the lenses and scene planes. Azimuth variations will be corrected
by rotation of the film planes.
The film mask has been inserted in front of the field lens-mirror reflecting
mechanism. As can b e noted the two objective lenses move in equal and
opposite directions to accommodate scale-factor and positional variations
of the two scenes. Thus the optical center of the system at the field lens
mirror plane will be held to the centroid of the over-lap area of the two
scenes. With the mask inserted at this point only the mask size needs to
be varied and not the position. The effect of azimuth variations on the
masking and registration problems are still being evaluated.
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STATINTL
Once the two scenes have been registered the system block diagram becomes
that shown in the comparison readout mode. Many of the units in this figure
have been previously described. Several new units have been included to
meet the system requirements. Dynamic focus of the crt will be employed
in order to keep the scenes on the monitors in focus regardless of the crt
raster size and position.
An electronic mask control in conjunction with a blanking control will
enable the operator to view on the monitors only the area where the two
photographs overlap regardless of the condition and type of overlap encountered.
This unit canbe disabled at the discretion of the operator.
Work on determining the compatability of the system with 70 mm coverage on
111 film formats through 9 in. is in the initial phase.
STATINTL
STATINTL
STATINTL
STATINTL
Tests on the breadboard change detector have determined that
190 mm lenses should be adequate to meet the resolution, distor?
tion, and shading requirements of the system. With identical scenes inserted
in the breadboard and the system properly aligned excellent cancellation with
no measurable distortion or shading effects was observed on the change
display monitor.
A 5 in. high resolution cathode ray-tube has been
selected. This tube has a .001 in. spot diameter and a very fine grained
phosphor. It should be adequate to meet the resolution and noise requirements.
Several photomultiplier tubes and associated circuitry are being evaluated
in order to select the components which will produce the best video signal?to
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STATI NTL
?
STATI NTL
noise ratio.
STATI NTL
Movable crosshairs at each film plane appear to be the best method of
determining the change position readout. Inserting these reticles at each
film plane will enable a direct measurement from the reference points on the
respective films to be made regardless of the scale-factor, relative position,
or orientation of the films. Either or both of the crosshairs can be placed
out of the viewing area of the monitors when desired. Positional information
from the reticles can be fed directly to a digital-type recorder.
Modification of the existing breadboard change detector for use on the
program is approximately 90% complete. Most of the system electronics have
been rack mounted for accessability. The lenses have been mounted
and aligned.
Detailed design specifications and characteristics of all of the major
components and assemblies have been initiated.
Future Plans
Efforts during the next month will be concentrated on carrying to completion
the seven (7) tasks previously described. Special emphasis will be given
to the 9 in. format case.
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