TRIP REPORT LOS ANGELOS 15-20 JANUARY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78B04747A003100030098-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 27
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 18, 2002
• Sequence Number: 98
• Publication Date: January 25, 1961
• Content Type: MEMO

?*ow
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Ns, Niew
MEMORANDUM TO:
FROM:
SUBJECT:
FIRMS VISITED:
25X1A
25X1A
Trip Report
25X1A
Los Angeles.
25 January 1961
15-20 January
1. Ij
The object of this visit was to inspect progress in:
a. Image Correlator
b. Audio Film Equipment
25X1A
A. Image Correlator
This contract is in good shape so far financially, but will require more
time. Scheduled for March delivery, I estimate a further 45 days will be re-
25X1A quired. This delay has resulted from extended delivery time of certain op-
tical parts which 1---lrequired. The equipment has been fully designed and
parts are now being assembled.
17-1 seem to have achieved excellent results in matching the eight ob-
jective focal lengths. These are now all well within acceptable limits of
each other and what could be a major design difficulty is now accomplished.
The attached budget sheet indicated the financial status which is good.
"Amy
25X1A
B. Audio Film
I was able to see the chassis with electronic components in an advanced
state of assembly. Whilst this looked impressive, I was not able to see its
capability demonstrated. However, I talked with the project engineer and
I assume his complete confidence resulted from more than mere hope. Many
trouble spots have been sorted out in the area of electronic balance and
there is no reason to doubt the progress. Financially as the attached budget
sheet shows, and true,7-wise the contract is in good shape.
11fAk
2.
25X1A
Declass Review by NIMA/DOD
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25X1A
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TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT STAFF ACTION SHEET
25X1A Appr A02/27:CIA-RDP781304747A0=0778 r)
Originator:
Subject or Identification
of Covered Document:
1. Concur
2. Non-concar: see be ow)
3. Holding action: see
Concur Hold actro77--Tee below)
5. ProlrLscLaLszs
6. Route to:
7. Coordinate with:
8. More data: see below
9. Comment:
25X1A
(
(Original and 1 copy to accompany all documents forwarded to Ch/TISD)
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FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT
MULTIPLE IMAGE CO RRELATOR PROGRAM
Contract No,
1 August 1962
25X1A
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25X1A
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
woe I. INTRODUCTION
II. TECHNICAL APPROACH
EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION -
A, Film Stage Assemblies
B. Optical System
C. Flying Spot Scanner System
D. Control System
IV. GENERAL OPERATING PROCEDURES
A. Preparation
B. Visual Alignment
C. Electronic Correlation
D. Composite Photography
V RESULTS
VI SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Page
1
2
5
5
5
10
11
13
13
14
16
18
22
25X1A LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No.
Page
1.
Functional Block Diagram
3
2.
Multiple Image Correlator
4
3.
PMT and Projection Lamp Housing
6
4.
Film Stage
7
5,
Film Stages and Mirror Assembly
8
6.
Component Parts
9
7.
Control Panel
12
8.
Electronic Alignment Error Wave Forms
17
9.
Enlargement of Single Negative
19
10.
Composite Photograph of Three Aligned Images
20
11.
Composite Photograph of Eight Aligned Images
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MULTIPLE IMAGE CORRELATOR
Final Technical Report
INTRODUCTION
This is the final report for the
25X1A
Multiple Image Correlator (MIC)? an
experimental equipment developed under
Theory' and experiment demonstrate that grain-noise-limited photography can
be enhanced by superposing ilight transmitted from identicol mtansparencies onto a
very fine grain film. The NC was designed to demonstrate that this technique could
be implemented with precision equipment, and thus furnish the intelligence community
with another important exploitation technique?
The experimental results obtained by the equipmew have demonstrated conclu-
sively that a dramatic improvement in the photographic nformation content can be
obtained, In addition, it is dear that with refinements of design (i certain
desirable sophistications whiz+ were omitted due to a limited budget and the experi-
mental nature of the equipment) a highly useful and versatile operational equipment
can be built,
This report describes the technical approach:, equipment configuration, and
general operating procedures, Results are presented and ,recommendations for future
work are made?
Photographic Graininess Reduction by Superimposition (Master of Arts Thesiz,
Boston 11 Graduate School) iVraj, W Quinn, U,S.A?F , 1959
4denticar refers to separate photographs of a scene taken under identiccl
conditions
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II. TECHNICAL APPROACH
In order to realize the maximum resolution of the optical system, the images
should be aligned to each other within approximately one to two microns before
superpositioning ? Since such minute alignment tolerances may not be possible with
the sole use of visual aligning techniques, an electronic system for detecting and
minimizing alignment errors was developed. It was further concluded that alignment
of sevieral photographs and a subsequent composite photograph could be accomplished
if the equipment were designed for two modes of operation: I) a Projection Mode,
for visual alignment of the transparencies, and for photographing the final composite
result of the correlation process; and 2) a Scanning Mode, for electronic correlation
and alignment of the images
A functional block diagram of the equipment is given in Fig re I. A photo
graph of thel I Multiple Image Co .telato,, is shown in Figure 2.
25X1A
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Moir, Stage
Mirr"r in
CRT Position
Proection Lamp
Movable Mirror
Condenser Lens
Co Hector Lens
Viewing Screen
Mirror in
Screen Position
Film Stages
2 thru 8
Projection Mode
Scanning Mode
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yokes and Focus Coil
\-4-
\ Condenser /
Lens
_
\fl..ctagona
Mirror
Assembly
Collector
Lens
Condenser
Lens
Movable Mirror
Projection Lamp
CRT
: Anoae
PMT
4
N
)L-1
7- 0-1 40
Focus
;-orizont1 Deflection
Hi-Voitage
put
Multiu ter
1
1
X
De a
,
.-,---;[
,,? , DL-2
, X
A
Variable -7" L.---. 40 ;.---- -I P----,
.-7
Gain L._?
Pre-Amp -Variable MuHolier
.Delay
Defection
Inverter
x-1-1 >----- -
Scan Circuits & Scan Alarm
Grid # 1
Grid # 2 Power Contoi, I
Cathode
Alarm
Ft lament
1
Corr&ation Circuits 1
Power 1
_
Sur'ing
Inte,Arotor
kignment
Error Dispcy
ELECTRONIC CORRELATION - ALIGNMENT CIRCUITS
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AREA B
A,ignment,
Error
Signa,
Osciiioscope
Figur. 1. FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
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'Novi
Figure 2. The
Multiple Image Correlator
25X1P.,
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M. EQUIPMENT DESCRWION
-;h1c equipment consists essential!f of eight film stages, an optical system, a
,.2::nning system and a power control system. In the Projection Mode, the optical
:ystem projects the images to a viewing screen for visual alignment or for final cornoste photrograohy. in the Scanning Mode, a scanning raster from a cathode ay tube
.'s p[iojected through the system to the film exhibits, where the information on the film
;-5 scanned and converted to electronic signals For electronic correlation.
A Film Stage Assemblies
Each film exhibit is a one-inch circular transparency mounted in a holder
that screws into one of the film stages. The holders and stages are matched, and are
co'or-coded to prevent interchanging? each film stage is adjustable along two orthoga-
vral axes? and-each film transparency may be fota ted through 360 degrees? Both coarse
aria fine controls are or'ovided for all transparency adjustments. A microscope objec-
tive is mounted in the base of each film stage to serve as a collector lens during bath
the scanning and the projection modes. A housing (-'see Figure 3) containing a projec-
an Iarnp, a phatornuitiplier tube, and asociated optics is mounted on each one of
th,E, film stages. Figwe 4 shows one of the film stages without the attaAed housing.
The film stages are mounted radiat ry about an octagonal mirror assembly as shown
l'ig:yre 5, Stage Number One is the Main Stare, The film placed in this stage is
used to produce a master image to which all of the other images are aligned,
-, 1. ? v ? _ ? y, ? ? _
Optical System
projection lamp behind cock film stage assernblr is located at the focat
tto7,nt of a iens so that the lamp projects a beam of collimated (parallel) light through
[he resultant orojecte,d image is reflected via an assembly of eight 45-degree
"ori; ;lone or each in st-age) through ond parallel to the optical axis of a larpe co
liraating ens see component parts 5:10'6,1 in fig-,-e 6L. The parallel liaht rays
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9-9600?0001?COOVLM.089/dCltl-VI3 LZ/ZO/COOZ eseeletl JOd PeA0AdV
T POWER iNPUT (-I KV)
PROJECTION LAMP HOUSING
PMT HOUSING
MIRROR POSITION
CONTROL KNOB
Figure 3. PMT and Projection Lamp Housing
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VIEWING SCREEN
OCTAGONAL MIRROR
ASSEMBLY
Figure 5. Firn Stages and Mirror Assembly
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COLLI MATING LENS
LAMP HOUSINGS
MI CROS PE OBJECTIVES
OCTAGONAL MIRROR ASSEMBLY
ASPHERIC LENS
Figure 6. Component Parts
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.?x.,ch image converge at the focal point of this lens, where an 8x10-inch gra _old glass
screen is placed to lisplay the projected images, The result is that the projected
images are superposed, and the image viewed on the viewing'screen is a composite
of all the images projected from the film stugos.
Mirrors in the system acccmptish the necessary optical folding. The posoning
of one of the miy&-aes, C3 two-position plane mihrar, is controlled by a knob on the frorit
of the equipment. By changing the posiion of this mirror and by inserting additional
rrors into the optical system, the optical path can be diverted to a cathode ray tuba
nt one end of the system, and to photamultiplier tubes at the other end of the systeal
`ibis change in mirrors sets up the optical system for the Scanning Mode, which used
kr electronic correlation and aliamaant .1,'described in Section 8V).
After electronic correlation and .;.-Xanment, the rnifroes can be returned to their
,:z:ginal positions s:-) that the images are proifecs.;-ed again to the viewing screen. Then
ffirn pack con be inserted cit the viewing screen to take a composite photograph ot.
the projected images.
C? Flying Spot Scanner System
This system consists of a CBS Flectronics 7AVP24 cathode ray tube (CRT),
eight photomultiplier tubes (PIC, and associated deflection yokes, focus coil, and
scan circuits. The scan circuits generate a CRT raster pattern approximately one and
one-half inches square. The spot site of this CRT scan 55 approximatoly one mil, and
the pattern is repeated once every second.
in the Scanning Mode, the scanning raster is projected through the optical
system to the Wrn stapes, where the microscope objectives reduce the raster size 25
times, and focus it on the film chips. This reduction process also reduces the spot s5ze
to approximately one micron, far dose tokrance alignment? As the !,pot scans the
rime the variations in the film densit coodulate the amount of light pas.1.7ng through,
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the transparency.. This modulated light beam is projected (via an inserted 45-degree
rror) onto the face of a PMT. The PMT transforms the modulated light beam into
o modulated voltage (information signal). These signals are time sequence representa-
tions of the information scanned on the film chips. Electronic correlation techniques
produce signals from this information that indicate magnitude, polarity and kind of
misalignment between the main stage and any one of the other seven stages? These
signals are displayed on an oscilloscope as alignment error signals.
0, Control System
The Control System provides panels containing a!! the switches and controls
L:essary to the operation of the electronic portion of the equipment? (See Figwe 7?)
Te of the controls provided odiusts fYrt the attenuation differences hi the delay lines?
ides qenerators, airtplifiers, and control relays, the system also contains power
nontroi and alarm circuits. Their main function is to prevent damage to the CRT through
camponeni- or circuit failures?
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Control Panel
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-Awe
V. GENERAL OPERAING PROCEDURES
Any number of transparencies up to eight may be correlated on the equipment,
but En ail cases one transparency s designated as the master to which all others must
aligned separately.
Ao Preparation
The fikn exhibits are prepared and inserted into the film stages The master
is alWays paced in the Main Stage whife the others may be placed in any of the
? aining stages. Light-tight rubber boots are. placed around the film stages to shut out
itray ight. The operator evet'S the proper switches on the control panel to prepare and
r.)lopiy power to the equipment. This ;)recedure lights the projection lamp in the Main
Stage
no
Adignment
i'ex visual alignment, the opsotor ,nust set the equipment to the Projection
,3de, To do this he turns a mirror posiCon knob on the Main Stage lamp housing to
? LAMP position. This removes the 45-degree mirror from the light path. Then he
iJoves the two-position plane mirror to the Projection Mode by turning the c.ontrol
? to the SCREEN position. The equipment; is then in the Projection Modes and the
'?,-uzIsparency in the Main Stage is projected onto the viewing screen.
!Ling the contnIs on the Main Stage, the operator orieniI the master image to
he desired location on the screen,
Once this image is positioned, it is never changed
.hdr:nc,.. the alignment of subsequent icriages. Next, the operator turns on the lamp for
;he next film chip to be projected, and turns the mirror knob for that stage to the LAMP
DosAion, fhis image is then superirneose,J upon the master image at the viewing screen
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The operator brings the new image into alignment with the master by manipulating
the film stage .adjustment controls,, One technique for aligning the images visually is
to flicker the image by switching the projection larirtp on and off while making adjust-
in the position of the stage. The flicker technique gives on illusion of relative
motion between unaligned 'triages.. The visual alignment would then consist of elimi-
nating this relative motion.
Each of the remaining transparencies is superimposed in a like manner until all
have been aligned to the master image.'
C Electronic Correlation
The coin.eiation circuits are allowed to warm up for a half hour with full
,ower on, kl)ating this period? the operator plugs an oscilloscope into jacks provided
an the control panel. After thermal stability has been achieved, the electronic analog
nuAtiplier is zeroed and calibrated, and a balance is obtained between channels, At
this time, checks are also made on the other circuits to assure normal functioning,,
";z07 electronic, alignment, the operator must set the equipment to the Scanning
Mode. To do this he turns off the projection lamps, turns the mirror knobs on the
arrip housings to the PHOTO CELL posiCon fthereby inserting the 45-degree mirrors
into the optical paths to reflect incoming light rays to the PAolTs), and changes the
two-position mirror to the CV position, Then he sets the proper switches on the
nantroi panel to prepare the necessaaf circuits for the electronic alignment procedure,
The r.c.annIng raster is projected onto the master transparency and onto one of the
oter traraporencies selected or the first electronic correlation.
.The first alionment is made with the delay lines set to the greatest delay (100
asecs), The 1(X)1.isecs delay serves as a coarse alignment detectors and eliminates the
I;Jessibility of ambiguous error signals resulting from preliminary visual alignment.?
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The next step is to select a sweep speed for the CRT flying spot scannee0 This
speed is selected according to the bandwidth of the picture being scanned? Roth the
sweep speed and the number of steps (scan lines) are determined by the Following
Ce4cationshipsg
N ? N -
where Ns and 1\1 are the nember of steps and scan linee per raster or frame, T is time
in seconds required to generate one complete freme or raster, t/2 is the time Feil seconds
ui red to generate one complete scan line or the time between steps, is the length
of scan at the film in cm, and v is the sweep speed at the film ?in cm sec. In this
lystern 1 and tare held constant at approximately 1 second and 0;15 cm, respectively?
swoop speed, I),and tber,Dfore tJ2 and NI, may be switched to one of two vakies
%,rilown below.
e
De ern ec
30 cm/Sec
10' sec
5x10-3 sec
/ 00 nes/raster
200 lines/raster
:,]*he scanning rasters, now converted to PMT signals? are presented to the electronic
,:oroiation and alignment circuits where, once each second these circuits electronic
INMy ealve the equation
K/E fl 11 fp, + 6) di'
(t) f2(t &) ?dt
Whe,Te., ? and E are the scale d7C3Cii'Cir,5 of the two multiplication channels; 7 and 7" are the
,,,,eriable delays; and K and K. we the products of all the gains?and attentuations -in each
of the ii?Nhio con.oiation circuit chann,:24,,
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The solution to the equation is displayed on the oscilloscope as a periodic
waveform? indicating both the sense and the magnitude of an alignment error. Typical
electronic display errors are shown in Figere 8. The accuracy of the alignment error
signal is limited by system tolerances; therefore, i= 7-u E = E'd and K K' must be
eF,poached as closely as possible. Ile addition, the error signal must be scaled to fall
within a practical amplitude range. This range is determined not only by the pracrical
limitations of the integrator, but also by the optimum signal inpvt arnpliitede range eF
the eectronic analog multiplier? Consequently, the preamplifier gains at the inputs
ee:*
the cenrelatilon eircON are ganged to 'sive discrete gain settings: 8, 16, 24] 32,
The operator observes the error signal displays, and accordingly adiosts the
wsition of the film chip benqaligned to the master. When the error signet on the
esei iloscope is at a minimum, the ?peruke rotates the scanning raster 90 dewees to
check and correct the alignmeet on the other axis.
The alignment process is then repeated 'using first the 25 psec delay rines, and
finally the 10 psec delay lines?each delay setting permitting a closer alignment of
the prolected images?
After the first tronspareecy has been setisfac,..torily aligned with the rriasll?er, the
PMIi switched off and 'a second trunsporeney ?,&3 connd and aligned in the same
manner. This process is repeated until ai the transparencies have been aligned ,with
the master.
e, Composite photography
,
The System must be returned to the ".rojectIlora Mode for photographing the
,nerepo5ite image? The l'itErtrar knobs on the lamp housings are turned to the LAMP
pc..,soro,,- and the tweepesition mirror is placed in the SCREEN position, Then the
operetor sets. the brightness level of each image to a common predetermined intensity
(determined egperireentally)? He does this by measuring each image with a photoe
praphie light meter and ad sting lamp he tots on the control paffer&A? He then sets
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Misalignment in
Positive y direc-
tion only
Misalignment in
negative y direc-
tion only
Either of
the above
Misalignment in
positive 8
direction
I Second
Less Misalignment
0 -
Less Misalignment
Misalignment in
direction
7 N:
negative e
Misalignment in
both positive y
and 8 directions
Scan
Direction
Scan
Direction
Scan
Direction
Either Scan
11 Direction
Figure 8
ELECTRONIC ALIGNMENT ERROR WAVE FORMS
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Either Scan
/OW e
re ction
Scan
Direction
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tt-e switches on the control panel so that all the necessatv projectlon leaps are co: -
fleeted to a conNol timet, A film pack is 'inserted at the sr?. !ng sc,-een and the time,
F,r. set for the pope - exposure time(;deteTrnined expecrimenta4i,, When tEeexpostae
button R essed, the projection /amps ghtsmuItaneovs;i and psoject a coospos5te
]Image to the film plate After expoTt, -e, the frn plate is removed and develoye.d
'Jn caeca-dance wh standm.d photowaphic labo-ato-r techniqs et,
V, RESULTS
The MLIfipk) !Image Coeator has achieved highl-7 satisfactor, ret-ults,
as evidenced ;1'n a compa-ison of Figt)( es 9 10, and H Figure 9 S! .:OW an enla,
,nent of a single negative fui-nist1;e01-713;, 11?Fte Customer FiguTe 10 shows a com-
posite photograph of three aligned images,. and Figuce 11 shows eigH algned images
etce is no doubt that the information avaikole has been greatly enhanced-
The accuracy of elect:A-Lie alrignment techniques has no been fully developed
due to component aceucacr problems inheient in analog rnvltipliei ehanne4. and
U nes Howevet?, aitetnate coes of action and improved components arc now
avail lable, The averali satisfactery ped'orrnance of the equipment i;nd5cates that a
smoll amount of additional engineeting and the teplacement of certain component .
will afford even bettet alignment eapabiJities?. Also, intelligence gaite!ed dufring
ff,e research and development of this eqL..ipment will be useful in designing and
ftabioating futm-e equipments of mi1u not( re, but with: greater capacitiei and
cUe dimensionc,.
"'.17,ese figuies wee tevoducee fi-om positive t!,arisparencies pro&ced by the equiprrent
v,nq standolo bluewint techniques,.
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ILLEGIB
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25X1A
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VI. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The results furnished with this report prove that the Multiple Image Correlator
not only is a valuable photographic exploitation tool, but also has great potential
value in helping to establish camera design parameters and photo taking procedures o
To achieve these ends, a two-fold approach is recommended ,
I I
hould retain the Multiple Image Correlator to perform a four and
one-half month evaluation program. This program will be based upon the following
tasks
a. Develop techniques for accommodating photo samples
taken uncler voo/ing conditions by various cameras
og 0, photos having the same basic geometry and
scale, but differing perhaps in lighting).
b. Maximize the effectiveness of the electronic system.
c0 Establish operating procedures for the equipment.
d Synthesize from this program design specifications for
more sophisticated equipment in accordance with
Customer guidance concerning operational and tech-
nical requirements.
2'0 Concurrently with the above prograM, the development of a Multiple
image Correlator with greater input flexibility should be initiated.
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