CONTRACT(Sanitized) OUR SALES ORDER 1-10290-1

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78B04747A003200020023-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 12
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 28, 2002
• Sequence Number: 23
• Publication Date: October 14, 1965
• Content Type: LETTER

STAT
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This document contains information affecting the
National Defense of the Untied States within
the meaning of the Espionage Law, Title i8jj
U. S. C., Section 793 and 794. Its transnrissio25X1
or the revaiaron of its conients in any mariner
to an unauthorized person is prohibited by-Lm
14 October 1965
Please Reference:
A51-65-3380
STAT
0
Subject:
675-65WR
Our Sales Order 1-10290-1
Gentlemen:
Declass Review by
NIMA/DOD
We are pleased to provide the third in a series of Monthly Progress
Reports covering the effort expended on subject contract during the
period of September 2, 1965 to October 1, 1965.
Clean Room Installation
The clean room installation final acceptance tests were completed,
and the installation accepted as being constructed, installed and
functioned in accordance with the specifications forming part of the
contract.
Research Program
1. Rotary Air Bearing.
The final report on this program is in preparation.
2. Sensitometric Studies.
In this reporting period an evaluation was made of the rotating
wheel sensitometric processor, described in Progress Report
#2 for August 1965. Two processing conditions were tested.
Anticipating the worse processing conditions the 1180F, 15
Seconds time/temperature combination was selected as the
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U. S. Government
14 October 1965
A51-65-3380
starting point, followed by the 68?F 8 minute combination.
Five film samples per time/temperature combination (film type
4401) were processed to determine the reproducibility of the
wheel processor.
Preliminary investigations revealed the necessity for establishing
a proper relationship between the width, and composition of the
wheel, the operating rpm, and the volume of solution required to
obtain an acceptable level of processing reproducibility.
is
is
The optimum relationships were determined as follows:
A cork wheel coated in plastic with a width of 1-1/4-inch set
and operated at a speed of 160 rpm, produced a desirable
meniscus which could be further controlled by adjusting the
volume of the processing solution to a maximum level of 500 ML.
Film type 4401 was cut and exposed into 20 - 16mm x 12-inches
strips, and the latent image allowed to stabilize before processing.
The film sample was attached to the cork wheel and lowered into
500 ML of D-19 for 15 seconds at 118?F. Two seconds before the
completion of the development cycle, the wheel was raised to its
upper position. With the wheel in motion, the stop bath was
applied directly to the emulsion by means of a syringe which was
mounted over the film sample. The film sample was then processed
in the conventional manner. The above processing procedure was
performed five times for each time/temperature combination.
118?F 15 seconds combination:
Gamma difference = 0.08
Dmin = 0.01
Dmax _
of reading with any accuracy above the 2.85 density levei. 9
68?F 8 minutes combination:
Gamma difference = 0.05
Dmin = 0.01
D max _
*Note: D max readings are not available, since the Welch densitometer
available is not capable of reading density units above 3.00 nor is it capable
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The results of this investigation revealed that the wheel high-temperature
sensitometric processor will just meet the requirements necessary to
complete this project.
3. Study of Film Drying Techniques.
Program Objective:
0
To investigate, by mathematical analysis and laboratory research, various
methods of drying aerial photographic film and to propose an advanced
dryer concept having a film handling capacity of greater than 100 feet per
minute and of a smaller physical size than the large units now being used
at lower film speeds.
(VT- :*4
The research investigation of advanced film drying techniques was initiated
and a literature survey undertaken to summarize the existing and proposed
methods of film drying. An examination of the literature available on film
drying indicates that some form of hot air dryer is used almost exclusively.
Many variations of hot air drying are described and some mention is given
to other methods for drying in the literature studied. The methods available
for drying film are:
S
Heat - Conduction, convection, radiation including high velocity
hot air impingement, turbulent air, infra-red heating, drum drying
and other variations.
Vacuum - The lowering of vapor pressure to increase the rate of
evaporation - the opposite of air blowing over the film - the suction
of water vapor from the film surface.
Cold - Use of freeze drying techniques.
Chemical - Solvents to absorb or replace the water by absorption
and adsorption.
Mechanical Separation - Roller squeegees, (effective only for
surface water removal).
Electrical - Disassociation of the water vapor and carrying away
of the components (H2 + 02) .
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In all the methods in use, the removal of surface water is necessary
before actual drying of the film is commenced. This investigation will
include a review of current means of surface water removal and elimination
of water spots.
Due to the relatively short period of time which has been allotted for this
investigation, it will be impossible to study fully all of the various tech-
nologies which could be applied to the drying of film. This study will
therefore be limited to analytical investigations and laboratory research
on the following basic means of drying:
a. Hot air impingement drying (utilizing the HF ABD-4 air
bearing dryer) .
b. Vacuum or lower than atmosphere pressure chambers.
c. Chemical - solvents and use of ultrasonics to facilitate
diffusion.
d. Combinations of heat, cold, vacuum, chemical as the
investigations warrant.
The above basic methods or combinations of these methods appear to offer
the most fruitful avenues of research.
A basic dryer test set up has been established and is being fabricated. This
configuration will allow for the laboratory testing of the maximum number of
parameters with the minimum of changes in the testing set up.
It is hoped to use film types 5425, Super XX Aerographic (the thickest
emulsion on an acetate base) and 2401, plus X aerographic (the thickest
emulsion and gel backing on an Estar base). These types of films will give
the maximum water absorption for both gel backed and unbacked films. Raw
(unprocessed) film stock will be used for the film drying tests. It has been
reported in the literature that the amount of water absorbed in the unprocessed
stock is a function of the temperature of the soaking water. Raw film stock
will be used to obtain reproducible results since the processing of film for
each drying test run is not only expensive and time consuming, but also
introduces as many variables as there are chemical and wash baths to
control.
Conclusions: To achieve film speeds at greater than 100 fpm with present
dryer configurations would be inefficient as regards to cost and size. A
more efficient means of drying film appears to be available by methods
which combine or extend the basic technologies of drying.
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4. Heat Shock Study.
Concurrent with the design of the basic film-handling apparatus, an
intensive survey was undertaken of available proprietary heating ele-
ments from which to fabricate the four thermal units. Two sets of 16
elements each were selected (these were manufactured by the
I I so that the efficiency of high-voltage
low-amperage heating could e compared with low-voltage high-
amperage units. The low-voltage units are rated at 225 watts each at
12 VAC and 60 cycles; the high at 500 watts at 120 VAC and 60 cycles.
Several heat-resistant plastic materials were obtained from the
for potting the elements. While the remainder
of the electrical mensuration equipment was enroute (voltmeters, am-
meters, variable transformers, switches, etc.), the balance of the film-
handling apparatus was in progress as follows.
The design consists basically of a developing tank, short stop, fix and
wash. It is planned to take up the film wet and dry the test section only
subsequently, as a separate step. Only the stainless steel developing
tank (capacity 6-1/2 gallons) had to be fabricated specifically for this
project. The remaining tanks, of lucite and P.V.C. , were obtained on
loan from storage to complete the line up.
Other equipment on loan are the refrigeration unit, heat exchange,
thermostatic temperature controller, numerous pumps, piping and temperature
sensing and indicating instruments including highly accurate platinum
resistance probes. The wooden supporting framework was completed first
and given two coats of epoxy chemically-resistant enamel. Eleven other
detail drawings were finished and shop fabrication of components is
almost complete.
Several Polaroid record photographs are included with this letter to
indicate progress on the main frame and auxiliary parts. Completed
fabrication and integrity checkout are scheduled for the week of October
25 at which time experimentation should start. It is hoped that the two
types of film requested will arrive sufficiently prior to start-up to enable
solid-state electronic bridge is being modified to record temperatures
within 0.5?F and a special xenon flash unit is being adapted to expose
the necessary step wedges and resolution targets. Two types of
developer, D-76 and D-19, will be used in conjunction with the requested
negative and duplicating films to give as wide a range of results as is
possible in the allotted time period.
all preliminary exposure experiments to be completed by then. A
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co
14 October 1965
A51-65-3380
The funds committed or expended to date are approximately
STAT exclusive of
0
If you should have any questions or desire further information, please
do not hesitate to contact us.
Very truly yours,
STAT
STAT
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REFERENCES FOR FILM DRYING INVESTIGATION
1. Drying Conditions and Photographic Density,
White, D. R. , journal SMPTE No. 19, Pg. 340-345, October, 1932
2. Ultrarapid Drying of Motion Picture Film by Means of Turbulent Air,
Katz, L. , journal SMPTE, Vol. 56, Pg. 264-279, March, 1951
3. Control Processing of Film, Using Turbulent Flow Phenomena,
Katz, L. , Photographic Engineering, Volume 2, No. 3, 1951
4. Photographic Chemistry ,
Gladkides, Pierre, Volume 1, Fountain Press, London, Pg. 167
5. Rapid Drying Characteristics of Several Films For Aerial Photography ,
Boyd, James W. , Photographic Service & Engineering, 1960,
Volume 4, Page 354-358
6. Mechanical Engineers Handbook ,
Marks, Lionel S. , 5th Edition, Pg. 1652, 1951
7. Drying of Processed Aerial Films ,
Michener, B. C., Eastman Kodak Report
8. Non-Uniform Dimensional Changes In Topographic Aerial Films ,
Adelstein, P. Z. , Leister, D. A. , paper presented at 28th annual
meeting of American Photogrammetry, March 16, 1962, Shoreham
Hotel, Washington, D. C.
? 9. Appraisal of Drying Systems ,
Fisher, O. , Photographic Engineering (4), Pg. 226-230, 1953
10. Physical Properties of Estar Polyester Base Aerial Films for
Topographic Mapping , Calhoun, J. M., Adelstein, P. Z., Parker,
J. T. , Photogrammetric Engineering XXVII, Page 461-470, 1961
11. Aero Photography and Aero Surveying ,
Bagley, J. M., McGraw-Hill Inc., Pg. 88-89, 1941
12. Moisture In Photographic Film and Its Measurement ,
Colton, E. K. Wiegan, E. J. , Photographic Science and Engineering,
Volume 2, No. 3, Pg. 170-176, 1958
13. Eastman Kodak Manual of Physical Properties and Sensitized Materials
14. Rapid Drying of Normally Processed B & W Motion Picture Film
F. Dana Miller, Journal, SMPTE, 60:85, 1953
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References for Film Drying Investigation
15. Elements of Chemical Engineering,
Badger, W. C., McCabe, W. L., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1936
16. Principles of Chemical Engineering ,
Walker, Lewis, McAdams and Gilliland, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1937
17. Chemical Engineer's Handbook, 3rd Edition ,
Perry, John H., Ed. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1950
18. Swelling of Coated Gelatin - Silver Bromide Emulsions ,
Robinson, I. D. , PS&E, Volume 8, pg. 220-224, 1964
19. An Instrument For Continuously Measuring Swelling Of Gelatin and
Photographic Film Coatings , Flyn, F. M., H. A. Levine, PS&E
Volume 8, pg. 275-281, 1964
20. Photographic Processing Equipment,
Turner, John R. SMPTE, Volume 68, No. 4, pg. 211-221, 1959
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21. Practical Film Cleaning for Safety and Effectiveness ,
Fassett, D. W. , F. J. Kolb, Jr., E. M. Weigel, SMPTE, Volume 67,
No. 9, pg. 572-589, 1958
22. A Machine for Cleaning Motion-Picture Film,
Turner, John R., S. L. Scudder, E. H. Deane, SMPTE, Volume 67,
No. 7, pg. 480-485, 1958
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