RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT APPROVAL REQUEST FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC LIGHT PATTERN ANALYSIS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78B04770A000300020008-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 30
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 22, 2005
• Sequence Number: 8
• Publication Date: April 3, 1964
• Content Type: MF

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 CONFIDENTIAL
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9 April 1964
TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE
MINUTES
1, Announcements
a. The Chairman announced that the Minutes of the previous meeting had
been noted and approved by the Executive Director on 6 April 1964.
b. It was announced that the Plans and Development Staff has received,
ten new proposals for evaluation and the members of the Technical Develop-
ment Committee are invited to read them if they so desire.
20 Discussion of New Business
a. A Modified Light Table with
bynaZoom Mount for TID - The
A Staff Study was prepared by ecommending that a system be
devised for mounting DynaZoom microscopes on a Light Table. The
committee members concurred in the recommendation tha the NPIC sponsor
an fixed price contract for the subject
modified light table.
b. Design and Development of Advanced Concept High-Resolution Ste -
and-Re eat Contact Printer
stated that since the DDCI Memo ER 63-88121, dated 23
December 1963, Approval of Research and Development Activities) and,,
same
Chief, Administrative Staff, 0, DD/I, Memo dated 4 February 1964,
subject) specify the form for submission of Research and Development
Project Approval Requests, the staff study formerly used will be replaced
by the new format. In this way the administrative paper work required
for approvals will be kept to a m nimwno-fie-Project Approval Request
can be forwarded to Headquarters or to Mr. Lundahl, depending on the
amount of money involved in the project
Y ?
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Af rovrcdfford tvelo as2005/11 1 :. CIA-gDpP78 g4 7(~Au00$30?$399$pa0by 5X1
A lY~sea an mentro ect A rov e es
recommended that an contract be awarded to 25X1
Lion in the amount of for a step-and-repeat printer.
objected to the wording in the Project Approval Request. Specifically, he
felt that a statement contained in the Background paragraph was incorrect
because NPIC uses the LogE Printer for most work. The controversial state-
ment was: "To the present, virtually all prints are being produced by
means of a continuous strip printing technique in which the original and
the duplicating material are brought into contact over a revolving drum
and exposed from a light source directed towards the drum's outer surface
through a slit aperture." He felt that three requirements under Technical
Specifications were unnecessary. These requirements were (1) Automatic
operation, (2) a printing rate equivalent to '25fpm and (3) automatic dodging.
He also felt that the apparent discrepancy in the price shown in paragraph I
of and that stated under Paragraph V - of 0 should be 25X1
clarified to show that there was a price reduction due to GIMRADA's purchase
of the second printer. The considerable discussion that followed did not
result in any general agreement on the points of controversy. 25X1
suggested that the Project should be further coordinated with PSD, TID and
other interested elements. then recommended that this item
be deferred until the next meeting. The committee members agreed in this
C. Dovetail Rhomboid for Zoom 70 Stereoscope -I
A Research and Development Project Approval Request was presented
recommending that an contract be negotiated with
in the amount of II for modification of a Zoom 70 Stereoscope.
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The committee members concurred in this recommendation.
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made the announcement that this proposal was coordinated
with DD/S&T and has been sent over to the DD/I (Management) for approval.
It deals with an investigation of the intelligence yield of photography
of Night-Light Patterns. NPIC was requested to undertake the analysis
phase of this project. There was no discussion on the project.
e. Automatic Stereo Correlation Study -
A Research and Development Project Approval Request, prepared by
was discussed at the meeting. Copies of the Project Approval Request
are being distributed with these minutes since they were not reproduced in
time to accompany the agenda. The committee members concurred in the recom-
mendation that be awarded a contract in the
amount of basis.
3. Evaluation of Contract Proposals.
The following proposals have been evaluated to be of no interest at
the present time:
1.78/63 - A Proposed Study Program for Evaluation of the lectron
Beam Readout Process for Photographic Interpretation -
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Evaluation of Contract Proposals (Continued)
21063 - Modify Q Enlarger forl Automatic Dodging &
Exposure Control -
764 - Technical Proposal No. 3200-928. - 1 Modified KA-18A Camera,
Still Picture with 3 inch Stereo Lens Cone; 1 Tri-Color-Viewer
I5/6~i - Consulting Services of
for specialized photogrammetric problems -
6/64 - Study Program to explore application of the liquid gate prin-
ciple to lens design -
2064 - Electronic printer which converts a photographic image on a CRT.
Can be used for either viewing or recording on a. photographic
film. -
3364 - Design Specifications for the Piamtir System as directed under
T.O. 5 of
39/64 - Photographic-Infrared Ground Truth Study -
),5/64 - High Resolution, Step-and-Repeat Contact Printer-
NOTED : __
Executive Director, NPIC
Attachments: C, D and E for Assistant for Administration Only:
A. Research and Development Project Approval Request - Automatic Stereo
Correlation Study,
B. Recommendation Sheet
C, A Modified Light Table with
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D. Design & Development of Advanced Concept High-Resolution. Step-and
Repeat Contact Printers.
E. Dovetail Rhomboid for Zoom 70 Stereoscope. -
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DynaZoom Mount for TID.
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Research and Development
Project Approval Request
I Identification
This project would have been under the category in IPIC's financial
plan entitled "Viewers ar:d other Photo Interpretation Equipment." It was
not specifically included in this plan because the need for it developed
through implication and was further defined in the progress of another
devel.opmento
l.. Lectives
The proposed project is required to determine feasibility of a system
which was devised at for maintaining auto-
matic registration and magnification compatibility of stereo images being
scanned on their High Performance Stereo-Viewer. Such a system is needed
to :relieve the P.I. from eyestrain and from complex and tedious manual
operations while scanning stereoscopic images. The project will involve
_
the fabrication of a breadboard which must demonstrate that the system
meets performance goals and can be sensibly incorporated into the High
Performance Stereo-viewer.
ilia:. Background
The scanning, roll-film stereo-viewer is still far from a practical,
operational reality. There are significant prototypes to be delivered in
the near future which will serve as test-beds for determining usefulness
and. deficiencies. One is. the Rear-Projection Stereo-Viewer to be delivered.
byl by May 1961+; the other is the High-Performance
Stereo-Viewer scheduled for delivery by in August 196+0
Rei.the:r of these devices completely overcomes the problem of scale and
shape variations -- characteristics of reconnaissance photography which
induce not only deviations in registration but also non-fusible stereo
Cields as the operator attempts to scan over the stereo model. Both systems
contain means for manual compensation by the operator, and the 0 Viewer
will, have a system for automatically approximating compensations for scale
and orientation differentials. However, it has been apparent for some time
that, before stereo-scanning can be properly evaluated or exploited, a
completely automatic system for maintaining stereo-image registration and
shape compatibility is mandatory. In the past, technological developments
in this area have not suggested feasibility, but it now appears that such
a system is attainable. has proposed a technique which is
particularly related to their viewers f this automation can be developed
and. adapted to their viewer, a significant break-through will be achieved
in this realm.
U. Technical Specifications
This development will include a breadboard which
simulates the scanning/viewing operation of the
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Performance Stereo-Viewer. To this will be added components designed to
sense orientation and. scale relationships of conjugate stereo-images a;n`d
provide the necessary error signals to servo-syst-ems for the purpose of
maintaining tolerable limits for scanning. The system will be capable of
sensing and maintaining these relationships for the following variables-
to X and Y translation.
2. ? rotation.
3. M magnification (scale).
It must be capable of maintaining these relationships in spite of con-
siderable variance in shape (tilt and panoramic) and detail (relief)
within the conjugate fields.
V. Contractor and Financial Arrangements.
is the contractor for this development
program.. Since the requirement called for a specific-application to their
equipment which was already under development, no other firms were invited
to bid (pending the evaluation of their proposal). Nevertheless, the
state-of-the=art in this realm has been investigated at 25X.
em
None of these companies has ye,
veloped a system which is appropriate"-i6 the M Viewer ghou1d proposals
for a general-purpose system be invited, these companies would be well-
--I
to bid... The cost of the study is
Vla Coordination.
The work ofGIMRADA, AMS, RADC and ACIC in developing automatic
stereo-plotting systems has been reviewed, and the efforts of the contractors
most highly recommended by these agencies have been evaluated. The need for
such a system has been verified through conferences with other development
groups and operational photo interpreters.
VII. Security.
Because of association, with the sponsorp this contract is to be
classified the contractor is qualified to hold such
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ATTACHMENT B
RECONv RATION SHEET
The following items have been reviewed by the Technical Development
Committee and are recommended for approval:
APPROVED
Executive Director, NPIC
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Executive Director, NPIC
APPROVED.
Executive Director, NPIC
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A report issued by on August 1, 1963, conclusively showed
that light-pattern photography was an excellent and useful tool for
photointerpretation. I now proposes a three-phase program to
improve and refine the technical and procedural techniques used in
the initial study, so. that the intelligence community will have a
reliable and enhanced information acquisition capability.
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SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVE
TECHNICAL DISCUSSION
3.1 Phase II - Camera, Film, and Flight Tests
3.1.1 Schedule of events
3.1.2 Discussion of phase II
3.1.2.1 Review of operational camera systems and
photographic films
3.1.2.2 Assembly and preparation of camera for
operations
3.1.2.3 Preparation of flight plans
3.1.2.4 Ground data collection and flight program
3.1.2.5 System evaluation
3.1.2.6 Report
3.2.1 Schedule of events
3.2.2 Discussion of Phase III
3.2.2.1 Flights
3.2.2.2 Photographic analysis
3.2.2.3 Ground-truth data
3.2.2.4 Evaluation
3.2.2.5 Report
3.3 Phase IV - Analysis and Final Report
3.3.1 Schedule of events
3.3.2 Discussion of phase IV
3.3.2.1 New targets selection and flight plan
3.3.2.2 Ground-truth data
3.3.2.3 Photographic analysis
3.3.2.4 Final report
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PHOTOGRAPHIC LIGHT-PATTERN ANALYSES
1. INTRODUCTION
Recently the initial phase of a program to prove or disprove
the gains in photographic interpretation by using light-pattern
photography for correlation with normal daytime photography, was
concluded.
The details of the photographic system employed, the targets
photographed both day and night, the analysis performed by photo-
interpreters, and detailed examples of day and night photography,
comprise the final report submitted August 1, 1963.
The photographic technology used is definitely a useful tool
for photointerpreters to assimilate intelligence information.
We proposed to further evaluate the feasibility of this
photographic technique by investigating other types of cameras,
exposure intervals, films, and varying aerial coverage.
The technical portion of this proposal discusses the three
phases of study separately, even though each successive phase is
a logical and closely integrated continuation of the preceding phase.
2. OBJECTIVE
The knowledge and experience gained during the initial phase
of the contract will greatly enhance progressive continuance into
this new photointelligence technique by exploring additional areas
of concern to the photointerpretation community.
Suggestions and recommendations made by the customer and his
associates, following the conclusion of Phase I of this contract,
will be considered and factored into ournew_operational plans.
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We proposed to perform the following tasks as an addendum to
the completed Phase I:
Phase II - Camera, Film and Flight Tests
(a) Survey new types of camera systems.
(b) Make experimental studies of different films.
(c) Obtain vertical and oblique aerial photography.
(d) Prepare report on Phase II.
Phase III - Luminaries Data Correlation
(a) Analyze luminar intensities with the photographic
patterns obtained from Phase II.
(b) Make a comparison study with new photography over a
previously photographed area covered in Phase I.
(c) Prepare a report on Phase III.
Phase IV - Analyses and Final Report
(a) Select new targets.
(b) Obtain ground data and conduct flight operations.
(c) Prepare and submit final report on Phases II, III, and
IV, and include copies of the imagery obtained during
the program.
3. TECHNICAL DISCUSSION
3.1 Phase II - Camera, Film, and Flight Tests
3.1.1 Schedule of events
Figure 1 shows the project schedule for Phase II.
(a) Review operational camera systems and photographic films.
(b) Assemble and prepare camera for operations.
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(c) Prepare flight plans.
(d) Perform ground-data collection and flight program.
(e) Perform photoanalysis and system evaluation.
(f) Prepare report.
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3.1.2 Discussion of phase II.
3.1.2.1 Review of operational camera systems and photographic
films
Operational camera systems will be reviewed to establish
specification for a simulated system. Studies will be made of
different films and methods of increasing film sensitivity for
the program.
Ground and air tests will be conducted with selected
films. Exposure time and f stop will be varied.
3.1.2.2 Assembly and preparation of camera for operations.
A camera closely simulating the operational scale will
be assembled. It is proposed to use a 35-mm single-frame recording
camera (standard with minor modifications), with an 18 to 25-mm f
1.5 to 3.5 lens. The system will be equipped to perform various
types of photographic functions. These functional characteristics
are tabulated in Table I.
3.1.2.3 Preparation of flight plans
Flights conducted during Phase II will be flown over
local test areas at night, twilight, and during the day. Both
vertical and oblique photos will be obtained.
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3.1.2.4 Ground data collection and flight program.
Day, night, and twilight test flights will be made
locally to authenticate the system and provide evaluation data
for the selection of the optimum camera-film combination. Photo-
graphy will be made vertically and obliquely. The Cessna 180 air-
craft, which was used in Phase I of the program, will be equipped
with the photographic system in this program phase.
3.1.2.5 System evaluation
An evaluation of the photographic results will be made
and the most effective camera-film combination will be determined.
3.1.2.6 Report
The first report will include prints of the photography
taken, both day and night. It will also include complete records
of the test procedures, laboratory procedures, and the results.
A detailed evaluation of the results will define the most effective
3.2 Phase III - Luminaries Data Correlation
3.2.1 Schedule of events
Figure 2 shows the project schedule for Phase III.
(a) Review light patterns from Sacramento River Complex to
determine the areas to be studied in detail and study
any changes which have come about since the last flight.
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(b) Select lights on night photos and identify on the day
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photos.
(c) Ground check lights for wattages, reflectors, height,
and terrain type lighted.
(d) Evaluate according to detectability and significance.
(e) Report
3.2.2.1 Flights
Four flights would be conducted over the Sacramento River
industrial complex, one during the day and three at night (2100,
2300, and 0200 hr). These will be over the same area as photographed
in the previous phase of the project to update the previous photo-
graphy. If phase I is approved, the system resulting from that
phase will be used. If Phase I is not approved, the Eymo 35-mm
movie camera and Royal-X Pan film will also repeat the conditions
of the previous flight.
3.2.2.2 Photographic analysis
A comparison analysis will be made to determine any
changes which have occurred since the previous flights. Also, if
the new camera system is used as determined in Phase I, a comparison
of the quality from these versus the previous photographs will be
made. Working separately with the day and night photography, it
will be possible to determine to what degree the light-pattern
photos increase and interpreters ability to detect any changes
which have occurred.
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3.2.2.3 Ground-truth data
Ground-truth data will be gathered on the target areas
for post-flight evaluation. The data base will consist of the
following:
(a) Conventional daytime aerial photography.
(b) Topographic maps.
(c) Luminaries data consisting of the following:
Wattages, reflectors, height from ground, orien-
tations, and type of terrain lighted.
(d) Characteristics of the installations which have
been detected in the comparison study.
3.2.2.4 Evaluation
The data collected from the comparison analysis will be
evaluated with the ground-truth data to determine theaccuracy and
significance of the conclusions reached.
The ground-luminaries data will be correlated with the
photographs to determine the level of detectability, and the factors
involved which affect detestability. The ground data will also be
analyzed to determine the characteristics of lights which fall
above the threshhold of detectability at varying levels.
3.2.2.5 Report
The final report will include prints of photography taken,
both day and night, a detailed evaluation of the analysis, and their
usefulness in the photointerpretation community.
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A general discussion text will be included to describe the
case history of each approach taken in the photointerpretation and
correlation methods.
3.3 Phase IV - Analysis and Final Report
3.3.1 Schedule of events.
Figure 3 shows the project schedule for Phase IV.
(a) New target selection.
(b) Prepare flight plan.
(c) Ground-truth data.
(d) Photographic analysis.
(e) Final report.
3.3.2.1 New targets selection and flight plan
The targets will be selected for this phase of the study.
Two of the targets are located outside the local area and one within
the local area. A flight plan will be prepared to obtain aerial
coverage of the targets four times each during a 24-hour period
(1 day mission and 3 night missions). The Cessna 180 aircraft,
which was used on Phase I of the program, will be equipped with
either the camera system designated by the proposed Phase II or, if
this phase is not carried out, by the Eymo 35-mm movie camera and
Royal X-Pan film used in Phase I.
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3.3.2.2 Ground-truth data
Ground-truth data will be gathered on the target areas
for both pre-flight and post-flight evaluation. The data base
and analysis and evaluation of the operational flight photography
will consist of the following:
(a) Conventional daytime aerial photography.
(b) Geological maps.
(c) Target folder material.
(d) Luminaries data consisting of the following:
Wattages, reflectors, height from ground, and type
of terrain lighted.
(e) Characteristics of the significant installations.
3.3.2.3 Photographic analysis
The methods of interpretation and analysis to be used in
this phase will be essentially the same as used in the original
phase of the program. Paper prints of the conventional daytime
photography will provide the orientation and annotation base for
correlation with ground-truth data. The light-pattern photography
will be viewed as positive or negative transparancies, and enlarge-
ments will be produced as necessary for scale and format matching
with the conventional photographic records.
Separate and combined analysis efforts will be undertaken
to evaluate varying levels of target familiarity and reference
materials on the significance of the data extracted. Three indi-
vidual photointerpreters will be assigned in the same manner as
before to simulate the following cases:
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(a) Two photointerpreters will work individually on each
of the target areas. They will conduct a target evaluation from
only the conventional daytime photography in correlation with the
light-pattern photography. The only background information on the
target areas given them will be a map for orientation purposes.
(b) The next phase of interpretation will require the
two photointerpreters to work together on each target area (after
each has completed his separate original study) with a limited
amount of background information. They will then assess the signifi-
cance of the light-pattern photography.
(c) The next phase of interpretation will require the
two photointerpreters to work together with a third photointerpreter
who has the ground-truth data and all available background material
on the target areas. They will again assess the detailed signifi-
cance of the light-pattern photography.
Each of the preceding case histories will be carefully
documented and controlled, and the results of each investigation
will be evaluated for the degree of information obtained under each
situation. Graphic renderings, annotated prints, tabulated data,
and general discussion text will be utilized to show the methods
and results of this program phase.
The light-pattern photographs will be further examined to
determine if any significantly recurring light patterns can be found
which might be used as signatures of certain types of targets.
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3.3.2.4 Final report
The final report will document the photoanalysis pro-
cedure and a detailed evaluation of the effectiveness of the three-
level approaches as described in the photographic analysis section
of this proposal.
The report will further include prints of photography
taken, both day and night, a detailed evaluation of the photo-
graphic analyses, and its usefulness in the photographic community.
A general discussion text will be included to describe
the case history of each approach taken in the photointerpretation
and correlation methods.
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PHASE II
Weeks /
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5
Days
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31
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8 9 10
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15 1
161
171
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30
1 2
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1. Program start
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rogram p
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4. Review film
analysis
5. Assemble and
prepare camera
for operations
6. Flight plan
7. Ground and flight
tests
8. Process film
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9. Photo ana
1.0. Report
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PHASE III
Weeks
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1
ray ,
2 j 3 4I 5
8
9
10
ll
1
15 16
17
18
19
22~ 23
2
25
26
29
30
1
2
3
6 7
8
9
10
13 14
15
1
17
20
2
22
2
3 24
1. Program
start
2. Planning
?. Flight
4. Process film
5. Comparison of
old to new
fil
m
6. Light
l
ti
:;e
ec
on
7
:Cr
ound
he
k
.
-
c
c
valuation
Peport
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PHASE IV
Weeks
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Days
1 2 31 4' S
8
9
10
11
12
15
16
17
18
19
22
23
24
25
26
29
30
1
2
3
6
7
3
9
10
13 1
141
151
161
17
20
21
22
23;
24
1. Program
start
2. Program
planning
3. Prepare
[Light plans
4. Operational
briefing
5. Ground-truth
data
6. Flights
First
Second
Third
f
l
recess
i
m
S
P1 oto-ana l
si
.
y
9. Photo-
co-relation
10. Report
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NOTES TO COST PROPOSAL
(CPFF Basis)
[---]Division Proposal No. 3643
October 14, 1963
1. This cost proposal has been prepared on a CPFF basis and
is offered as an increased scope of work, defined as Phases II
through IV, for the Light Pattern program currently being per-
formed by for the sponsor.
2. The fee rate of 8% proposed herein is consistent with the
Division's evaluation of the risk and complexity of the effort
tee rate for Phase I of the Light Pattern program and with
Division labor grade, representing an average of actual rates
within each grade as of June 1963.
4. Since a cost-type contract is contemplated in the event
of award, only actual labor costs would be charged to this program,
including applicable overhead and G&A.
contemplated.
3 Labor as set forth in this cost proposal is by
Division's approved billing rates through September
6. Other direct costs identified in this proposal are not
duplicated in overhead, G&A or elsewhere.
7. It is anticipated that the present funding available under
the sponsors contract with 0 Corporation for Light Patterns,
could be applied all or in part to the phases contained in this
instant proposal.
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