FINAL REPORT COLOR CORRECTED 20X LENS FOR THE 10-20-40X PRECISION ENLARGER

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Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 
CIA-RDP78B04770A000800150001-8
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RIPPUB
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U
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27
Document Creation Date: 
December 28, 2016
Document Release Date: 
July 2, 2004
Sequence Number: 
1
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Publication Date: 
August 27, 1964
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REPORT
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Approved For ease 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP7813047704110800150001-8 PAR 3 Approved by: FINAL REPORT Color Corrected 20X Lens for the 10-20-40X Precision Enlarger 27 August 1964 Prepared by: STAT Declass Review by NGA. Copy '61 of 25 Approved For Release 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78604770A000800150001-8 Approved For ease 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78B0477041p0800150001-8 PAR 3 31 August 64 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I Summary iii II Subject 1 III Task/Problem 1 IV Introduction 1 V Discussion 1 A. Phase I - Lens Design 1 B. Phase II - The Lens Sample 10 C. Comparison of Phase I and Phase II Lenses 15 VI Conclusions 16 VII Recommendations 16 VIII Appendix A 17 IX References 19 Approved For Release 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78604770A000800150001-8 Figure 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Approved For ease 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78B04770/10800150001-8 PAR 3 31 August 64 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Title Page Lens Design for the 10-20-40X 3 Precision Enlarger Energy Distribution Curves for g Light (4358A) 5 Energy Distribution for e Light (5461A) 6 Energy Distribution for c Light (6563A) 7 Spot Diagrams - 20X Color Enlarger Lens, 8 Tropel 5829 Enlarged Prints (10X) of 20X Enlargements made on Type 44o4 Film with Lens and Lights Filtering as noted 9 Sample Color Transparency Made on the 10-20-40X 13 Precision Enlarger Using a 52mm Lens Approved For Release 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78604770A000800150001-8 Approved For ease 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP7813047700)0800150001-8 PAR 3 31 August 64 SUMMARY The original lenses installed in the 10-20-40X Precision Enlarger have a narrow band color correcticn which prevents their use with color film, therefore a project was authorized to design a high performance lens for use with color films. In Phase I of this project, a subcontract was let to 1? STAT design a special purpose high performance lens corrected for sequential narrow band exposures in three spectral regions suitable for color print making. At a later date, Phase II was initiated as an amendment to the project to provide the 10-20-40X Precision Enlarger with the interim capability of producing color prints until a specially designed ble for use. In Phase II, a sample built by tested in the lens should be availa- 52mm document reproduction lens was purchased for this purpose and installed and 10-20-40X Precision Enlarger. Both phases of the project resulted in suitable designs. The 52mm lens provided adequate performance for making maximum quality prints from existing production and experimental color materials. This lens was corrected for the full visible spectrum and, thus, was more convenient to use. For this reason, it is recommended in preference to the lens design for 20X color enlargements. A secondary feature of the 521nm I 'Lens is that it can be used to produce variable contrast black-and-white prints. Approved For Release 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78604770A000800150001-8 STAT STAT STAT STAT STAT Approved For ease 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78B0477W0800150001-8 PAR 3 31 August 64 SUBJECT: Color-Corrected 20X Lens for the 10-20-40X Precision Enlarger TASK/PROBLEM 1. Provide a 20X lens design that is suitable for use on the 10-20-40X Precision Enlarger and also capable of producing enlargements from color film originals with minimum loss of information content. INTRODUCTION 2. The original lenses installed in the 10-20-40X Precision Enlargers were corrected for a narrow spectral band to achieve maximum image quality in projection printing of black-and-white photographic materials. Because of this correction, their image quality over a wide spectral range (required in color print making) was relatively poor. The availability of high image quality in original aerial color photography, made possible by new film technology, created a need for new projection printing objective lens designs to produce color prints which preserve all the information present in the original photographs. DISCUSSION 3. The problem of providing a suitable 20X color lens has been approached in two independent phases as follows: a. Phase I - Lens Design b. Phase II - Lens Sample 4. Phase I - Lens Design: a. I 'Design Specification Number 103: Design Specification No. 103 for a high performance 20X lens corrected for sequential narrow band exposures in three spectral regions was prepared and a subcontract was placed with to design a lens that would be compatible with this specification. A copy of this specification appears as Appendix A of this report. -1- Approved For Release 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78604770A000800150001-8 Approved For ease 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78B0477W0800150001-8 PAR 3 31 August 64 b. Phase I Plan: (1) Using a 20X lens built to specification, a print was to be made by three separate exposures in a time sequence from a given color original onto a single sheet of color print stock. Each exposure was to be made with a different narrow pass band color filter (one, red; a second, green; and third, blue) to expose the three emulsions layers of the color print stock in time sequence. A high precision mechanical system was to be used to refocus the lens at its short conjugate between the various exposures to achieve optimum image quality for each color of light. (2) Although the proposed sequential printing approach using the high performance 20X lens design increased the exposure time and the mechanical complexity of the enlarger, it was felt that such a combination also would increase the image quality over that which could be achieved by single exposure with a lens corrected for the full visible spectrum. c. Lens Design: (1) The lens design shown in Figure 1 (a copy of Drawing No. 5829) is a "Planar" type with the number of elements increased over the usual six-element form. The increase in elements will "divide the bending" and thus improve performance. A field flattening element is added to improve the off-axis quality. (2) This lens system which has been corrected for an over-all object-image distance of 42.72 inches and a magnification of 19.7X has a focal length of 5.059 cm and operates at effective f//3.0. The lens exhibits no vignetting over the full format so the only loss in relative illumination will be due to the cos4 effect. The photo negative is registered against the plano surface of the field flattening elements so that any change in focus is accomplished by shifting the negative and field flattener element as a unit. -2- Approved For Release 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78604770A000800150001-8 LAT Approved Fora Please 2004/07/29: CIA-RDP78B0477.00800150001-8 PAR 3 31 August 64 -4-100.48 -"- OBJECT DISTANCE Figure 1, APERTURE STOP , .867 D4 ( F/3.0 ) ALL AIMENSION3 Ali CENTIMETERS IMAGE PLAI4 E 1.62 DIAIA 16 11 SuREXE RADIUS LEA0IR APERTURE THICKNESS cm SPACE 6L455 TYPE Ne (5461 il.) V NO. DIAMETER I 7.9424 3.0:33 .350 ScAo-r I LA K - 5 1.69400 54.80 3.23 2 -49.740 2.97 I 010 _ 10 _ - 3 4.2505 2.81.1 .350 LAK-9 1(4400 54.80 3,01 4 4.3554 2.460 010 _ 1.0 _ - 5 2.8040 2.515 .300 F-5 1,40718 38.02. 2.72. 6 1.9431 2.210 .851 SK-14 1.62287 40.29 2.72 7 -14.286 1.-752 380 F-5 1.60718 38.02. 2.15 8 1.4953 .242.i 1.288 _ 1.0 _ -- 9 -2.5433 1. 1 1, 3 .450 F-5 1.40718 38.02 2,11 10 1.8607 1.408 1,339 5K-16 142287 60.29 2.11 II -14.991 1.912 010 - 1.0 -- - 12 2.0981 350 LAI( 1 69400 54.80 2,22. IS ' -4.5148 2.022 .010 _ 1.0 ....._ _ 14 3.7316 2.074 370 L A VC- '3 . I.69400 54.80 2 25- 15 -24.246 2(50 I 63.5 - I 0 ta -3.5585 1.031 .322. 2I:-7 i.51871 64.20 1.83 17 0.0 t .620 EFL. (e LIGHT) = 5.059 MAGNIFICATION= 19.10 1 EFFEcTIVE F440. = F/3.0 WAVELENGTH RANGE 4358 - 6563 * I S k. - INCREASE By .0048 F.08 s C FOCUS 20X COLOR I...ENS FOR PRECISIN ENLARGER JUNE 27,1%3 J K.5 ?SCALE - 2.x dwG 582 9 Lens Design for the 10-20-40X Pre,2ision. Enlarger Approved For Release 2004/07/29:-CIA-RDP78B04770A000800150001-8 Approved For lease 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP7813047711r0800150001-8 PAR 3 31 August 64 (3) The residual distortion of this lens at the edge of the field (1.62 cm diameter at the short conjugate) is +0.016 percent. At the 2/3 field point (1.08 cm diameter), the value is +0.014 percent. (4) The aberrational correction has been optimized for three spectral bands centered about 4358A (g-light), 5461A (e-light), and 6563A (c-light). Because of the large spectral range involved, a focal change of +0.048 mm is required for g and c wavelengths relative to the e wavelength. To maintain good correction over the full spectral range, it was necessary to use a triplet construction in the front-cemented lens group to better control the lower rim rays. (5) The energy distribution on axis at the 2/3 field point and at the full field points for e, c, and g wavelengths is shown in Figures 2 through 4, and the corresponding spot diagrams are illustrated in Figure 5. The image at the e-wavelength band satisfied the design goal of 90 percent of the energy in a 3-micron diameter circle out to the edge of the field. The requirement of a 4-micron spot size for c-light is also met out to the edge of the field. In g-light, the 90 percent spot size is 3 microns at 2/3 field but increased to about 6 microns at the edge of the field. (6) The magnification in the three spectral bands is such that 97 percent of the total energy at the 2/3 field falls within a single 5-micron diameter circle with a center at H' = 0.53953 cm and at the edge of the field 95 percent of the energy falls within a 5-micron circle centered at H = 0.80952. (7) From the nature of the spot diagrams shown in Figure 5, it is felt that the lens design could produce an image in narrow- band green light comparable to that produced by the original 20X Precision Enlarger lens (M-171A) (see Figure 6c). Since the green-light (or magenta dye) image is the most important of the three images in a color photograph Approved For For Release 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78604770A000800150001-8 MN NM NMI 1E111 1E11 1?111 =II INN MN MEI MN IMO IMO Approved For Release 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78604770A000800150001-8 .002 .oc4 .006 .008 Spot Diameter (mm) Field .010 Figure 2, Energy Distribution for g Light (4358A), Focus Shift (+.048mm) 20X Color Enlarger Lens (5829) Approved For Release 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78604770A000800150001-8 il9 q-sri2nV T ? ?TAT IIIIII MIMI MI NM MIN MIN 1E11 MIN 111111 =II Ell IIIIII MIN Approved For Release 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78604770A000800150001-8 100 80 20 2/3 Axis Field Full Field 20X Color Enlarger Lens (5829) .002 .oc4 .006 .008 Spot Diameter (mm) .010 Figure 3. Energy Distribution for e Light (5461A) Approved For Release 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78604770A000800150001-8 to q.sn.9n.y I ? ? L-d 5 STAT MI MI NMI 111.1 IIIIIII INN =I NIB Nal MIN Mil 100 20 Approved For Release 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78604770A000800150001-8 2/3 Field Axis'/ ? / / Full Field / / / i /I I 1 II I i I i 1/ i / li /11 / I f i / I / I I. 1/ 20X Color Enlarger Lens (5829) / il .002 .0o4 .006 .008 Spot Diameter (mm) .010 Figure 4. Energy Distribution for c Light (6563A), Focus Shift (+.048mm) Approved For Release 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78604770A000800150001-8 ,l_sr3nv ? ? STAT Approved For AXIS RELP Ha4:5965 se 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78B047701800150001-8 PAR 3 31 August 64 4358A . *I t? ? ?? ? ? ?? ? ?? A =546/A ).?Is 6563A NOTE: THE CIRCLE ON EACH SPOT DIAGRAM REPRESENT'S THE FIRST MINIM/Id OF THE DIFFRACTION R4TTERN FOR A PO/NT SOURCE IMAGE Figure 5, Spot Diagrams - 20X Enlarger Lens 5829 Approved For Release 2004/07/29 : CIAIDP78B04770A000800150001-8 STAT Approved For Release 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78B04770A000800150001-8 BEST COPY Available Approved For Release 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78604770A000800150001-8 MI 411PS IltShe E IDE su a) 52mm, lens, full visible spectrum. b) 52mm. I lens, green filter (W99). C) 50mm. MI71A lens, narrow hand blue filter (Fabry-Perot, peak at 4050A). Fgare 6. Eniared Prints (10X) of 2DX Enlargemen s Made riTTee 44.T' with Lens and Lights Filterlin?: as N had Approved For Release 2004/07/29 ;,cIA-RDP78B04770A000800150001-8 SIAT STAT JAT IAT IAA TT Approved For ease 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP781304770.0800150001-8 PAR 3 31 August 64 with respect to the appearance of sharpness, the lens is apparently equivalent in image quality for color to the M-171A lens for black-and-white photographs. With a green filter and orthochromatic print stock, it might serve as a substitute for the M-171A lens in making black-and-white prints. 5. Phase II - Thel JLens Sample: This phase of the project was initiated as a contract amendment to the original project authorization in an attempt to provide the 10-20-40X Enlarger with an interim capability of making 20X color prints and black-and-white prints on variable contrast paper (blue and green sensitive print stock) until a specially designed lens should be available for use. 6. a. pens Tests and Results: A sample lens (a 52.7 mm lens built by had been tested as a document reproduction lens by another optical engineering group. This lens was procured and installed in a spare gate and focusing assembly and tested on the 10-20-40X Precision Enlarger Ser. No. 002 by making enlargements of reproduction target patterns. In this test, both High Definition Aerial Film (Estar Thin Base), Type 44o4, a panchromatic film, and Special Ortho Aerial Duplicating Film, Type SO-242 were used with various types of color filters to learn lens perform- ance in various spectral regions. The STAT STAT lens performance was also STAT compared to that of the original 20X Precision Enlarger lens (M-171A) with its narrow band interference filter. The details of this test and the resolution values are shown in Table 1. b. Three 10X enlarged prints made from the 20X enlargements of high-quality 3-bar resolution target patterns (derived from USAF 1951) are shown in Figure 6. Print (a) was made with the lens corrected for the full visible spectrum; the same lens corrected only for green light was used to make print (b); in making print (c), the 50-mm M-171A lens was used -10- Approved For Release 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78604770A000800150001-8 STAT 11111 MI MN NE MN EN NE 1111 111111 EN NM MN ION En NM Approved For Release 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78604770A000800150001-8 STAT STAT Lens TABTF 1 RESOLVING POWER TESTS OF 20X COLOR TgNS FOR THE 10-20-40X PRECISION ENLARGER Filter W2B (UV Blocking) W99 (Grocn) Interference 4080A peak Type 44o4 Film (Panchromatic) Spectrum Resolution* Band 406/327 Full Visible 406/389 Green only 645/351 Narrow Band Blue Type SO-242 Film (Orthochromatic) Spectrum Resolution Band 406/368 Blue & Green 406/389 Green only Type 8430 Film (Color Blind) Spectrum Resolution Band 645/534 Narrow Band Blue Resolving power values are expressed as lines/mm at the short conjugate of the lens. The number before the slash (/) is resolution on axis. The number following is the geometric mean of the average radial resolution and the average tangential resolution at the "corners" of the field (6 degrees off axis). ** This 1/2.0 lens which has a focal length of This 1/2.0 lens which has a focal length of Enlarger byl I In these tests it is used with peak transmittance at 4050A. 52.7mm was used at f4.o in these tests. 50mm was made especially for the 10-20-40X at 1/2.8 with a narrow band Fabry-Perot filter Approved For Release 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78604770A000800150001-8 119 4srt9TIV ? Approved For lease 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78B04770.0800150001-8 PAR 3 31 August 64 with its narrow band second order Fabry-Perot interference filter. The 20X enlargement for the images shown was near the lens axis and was exposed on Type 4404 film (high-definition, extended panchromatic sensitizing) for all examples. The image sharpness of print (b) is considerably greater than that of print (a). Also, the image sharpness of print (c) produced by the M-171A lens with its narrow _spectrum band is considerably greater than that produced with the lens corrected for a broad spectrum range. c. A 20X color transparency which was made on the 10-20-40X Precision Enlarger with the 52mm lens is shown in Figure 7. d. The line spacing (lines/mm) of various test pattern targets for the 20X enlargements is shown in Table 2. The diameter of the Airy disc which in theory would just resolve the particular target is also given in this table. As a rough comparison, this diameter may be equated to the diameter of the circle which included 90 percent of the rays (see Figures 2, 3, and 4) to predict: (1) The resolution capability of a lens design (2) The energy distribution due to aberrations and diffraction of a lens being tested. e. In the practical test of making 20X color enlargements from high-quality original aerial photographs with the lens, no image de- gradation is known to be caused by the lens. In addition, there is no observable color fringing, no apparent loss of detail in the corners of the print, or noticeable image distortion. Thus, the lens quality apparently exceeds requirements placed on it by production or experimental color materials now available. -12- Approved For Release 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78604770A000800150001-8 Approved For Release 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78B04770A000800150001-8 BEST COPY Available Approved For Release 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78604770A000800150001-8 4.0.0.1110...110100.1 , 4V ? Figure 7. Sample Joisr Tgansparency Made on Precision Enlarger Using a. Approved For Release 2004107/29 : CIA-RDP78B04770A000800150001-8 Approved For .ase 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78B04770.0800150001-8 PAR 3 31 August 64 TABLE 2 RESOLUTION TARGETS USED TO TEST LENSES (See Figure 6 and Table 1) Target Group Number Chart Line Spacing Airy Disc Dia. to Resolve the Target (Rayleigh Criterion) 6 1 64.o lines/mm .031mm 2 71.8 .028 3 80.6 .025 4 90.5 .022 5 101.6 .0197 6 114.0 .0175 7 1 128.0 .0156 2 144.0 .0139 3 161.0 .0124 4 181.0 .0110 5 203.0 .0098 6 228.0 .0088 8 1 256.0 .0076 2 287.0 .0070 3 323.0 .0062 4 362.0 .0055 5 406.0 .0049 6 456.o .0044 9 1 512.0 .0039 2 575.0 .0035 3 645.o .0031 Approved For Release 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78604770A000800150001-8 Approved For ease 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP7813047740800150001-8 PAR 3 31 August 64 f. The test using orthochromatic film Type SO-242 was conducted to learn the performance of the lens for exposing variable contrast black- and-white print materials. In these materials, a change in the relative amount of green versus blue exposing light controls the print contrast. Therefore, a lens for printing on these materials must be corrected for blue and green light. 7. Comparison of Phase I and Phase II Lenses: a. In making (a) 20X enlargements from present production and experimental color film and (b) 20X enlargements on variable contrast paper for briefing chart use, the 52mm lens is recommended over the lens design because: (1) In the test conducted in Phase II of the project, the 52mm lens appeared to be adequate for 20X color prints and for 20X variable contrast black-and-white prints. (2) The lens is not restricted to the time sequence of for the exposures proposed for the special lens designed by project and, thus, is more convenient to use. (3) Being a commercial item, the at lower cost than the special design The recommendation of the lens. lens is readily available lens over the more sophisticated lens for making 20X color enlargements is upon the basis that no appreciable improve- ment in print quality would be obtained from the present original color photo- graphs. b. For 10X and lower magnification, it is recommended that the two lens designs be compared again because it cannot be assumed that the same conclusions will hold for the necessary longer focal length versions of the two lenses. In increasing the focal length of a lens, the geometric,aberra- tions are increased in proportion to the focal length increase. At the 50mm focal length of the samplesin this test, the geometric aberrations in the -15- Approved For Release 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78604770A000800150001-8 STAT STAT STAT STAT Approved For ease 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP7813047711p0800150001-8 PAR 3 31 August 64 lens are sufficiently small to be unobjectionable relative to the quality of available original color material. This may not be true, however, at twice the focal length. CONCLUSIONS 8. The predicted performance of a lens made to the better than enlargements. 9. The design is STAT specification and should provide excellent 20X color Ilens quality apparently exceeds the requirements placed on it by production or by experimental color materials now available. Further- more, this lens is judged adequate for 20X enlargements upon variable contrast black-and-white paper for briefing chart use. RECOMMENDATIONS 10. The lens is recommended over the lens. (See paragraph 7a and b). 11. For 10X and lower magnifications, the two lenses should be compared again since it cannot be assumed the same conclusions will bear up at the longer focal-length version of the two. -16- Approved For Release 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78604770A000800150001-8 STAT Approved For ease 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78130477.0800150001-8 PAR 3 31 August 64 APPhNDIX A DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR 20X COLOR LENS FOR 10-20-40X PRECISION ENLARGER Focal Length: Aperture: Magnification: Short Conjugate Field Diagonal: Long Conjugate Field Diagonal: Angular Field: Wavelength Range: Corner Illumination: Distortion: Performance: Approximately 2.0 inches. (Overall conjugate distance 42.80 inches) 1/2.0 to 1/4.0 - may be selected from this range for optimum image quality. 20:1 0.368 inches 12.75 inches Approximately 9 degrees Three narrow spectrum bands (70 to 100 Angstroms half pass band width) centered about 4358A, 5461A, and 6563A, respectively. Should follow Cos4 law if this does not reduce image quality. No vignetting is a desirable condition. Less than 0.05 percent In the short conjugate, the design goals are: (a) In the band centered about 5461A, 90 percent of the rays should fall within a 3-micron circle over at least 6 degrees of the field. -17- Approved For Release 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78604770A000800150001-8 Approved For ease 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP7813047711p0800150001-8 Special Conditions: PAR 3 31 August 64 (b) In the bands centered about 4358A and 6563A, 90 percent of the rays should fall within a 4-micron circle over at least 6 degrees of the field. (c) Magnification in the three spectrum bands shall be such that 90 percent of the rays from the three bands fall within a single 5-micron circle over at least 6 degrees of the field. (a) The negative will be registered against the plano surface of a glass element between the film and the main lens assembly. This element may be a .125-inch thick plate (C-1 glass) or it may be a "field flattener" with one plano surface at the focal plane. (b) If the lens performance is improved by doing so, the short conjugate distance in the system can be adjusted by moving the negative gate between sequential exposures in the three spectrum bands. -18- Approved For Release 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78604770A000800150001-8 Approved For .ase 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78B047741)0800150001-8 PAR 3 31 August 64 REFERENCES 1. Project Authorization Request, Color Corrected Lens for 25 April 63 the 10-20-40X Precision Enlarger, PAR 3 2. Quarterly Reports, PAR 3, Contract EB-1492 -19- 1 July 63 1 October 63 17 January 64 31 March 64 28 June 64 Approved For Release 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78604770A000800150001-8 ApprovecFFur-Releas-e-2004/07/ -RDP78R0477narmngfU145M11-8 MEMONDUM FOR: 414 /--)5 zjci, /Vil w-e-1 AT (DATE) FORM NO.10 REPLACES FORM 10-101 I AUG 54 WHICH MAY BE USED. MEMORFolDUM FOR: (47) FORM NO. 1 01 REPLACES FORM 10.101 1 AUG 54 WHICH MAY BE USED. (47) Approved For Release 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78604770A000800150001-8 STAT STAT i TAT 77) `. Approved For Release 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78604770A000800150001-8 AT , A.,-- 6t -e? il c, ./ -0_ ,pt\ q: c7 , 14/1/Si.2_ ai4,0 -- Approved For Release 2004/07/29 : CIA-RDP78604770A000800150001-8 epLIZ:1 ST-AT