CONTRACT(Sanitized) PROPOSED EXTENSION OF RADAR INTERPRETATION PROGRAM (Sanitized) REFERENCE J-C194-66, ITEM 4

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78B04770A002000070008-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 17
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 9, 2005
• Sequence Number: 8
• Publication Date: June 18, 1965
• Content Type: LETTER

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STAT
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Copy of b.
X-3(03
PROPOSED
RADAR I) 'ERPRE'FA?ION PROGRAM
(PHASE II)
FOR
SOA1
/AFQ-93(xA-1)
(REFERENCE J-0194-66 TASK 4)
JUNE 18, 1965
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CLIENTS
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
ABSTRACT .
.R SURPACK SHIP I MN
4.6 R. I. HANDBOOK .
4.7 "LIC N ttLY R
. 5 K -?' - J Cs A` R.r . . . .
.4 IL:'" EXERCISES. r , .. .
4.3 P .SCI At ANALYSIS ` W1Q
5.0 WORK `A
6.0 PROGRAM
4.2 TARGET WTIl.' IC A /.ION ATRI
4. AAA DATA. riuA Uw .
TEC C L DESCRIPTION
14
Ofi I1,JLI~ ;
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1.0 A CT
An eight month pr+ r is Free to
utility of coherent radar Imagery targets of
iireet1
divided Into 9 major sub-tasks which ene
following; radar data evaluation, special an i is t
i.na
R.I. ha ,, ar4 two r: iar
cave R.I. tteetiWeness,
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2.0 INTRODUCTION
Phase one of an R. 1. program directed toward advancing
analysis methods for the interpretation of coherent radar data
has set forth the essential generalities of the problem. The
basic goal of that program was to build upon the techniques of
previous investigators through extrapolation and the addition of
advanced procedures. This proposal describes a second phase which
is directed toward further improvement of image interpretation and
Also two radar modifications are outlined which are an out-
growth of Task IV o the initial program, "Radar Improvements to
Enhance R.I.". One addition provides for contrast stabilization
of the AN,/APQ--93 to maintain density gradations in the output map
proportional to a pre-selected range of target reflectivitiees
(radar reflection coefficient). The other provides for an
estimation of the ship's doppler and a widening of the primary
data recorder azimuth bandwidth. The doppler estimation aid3andwidth
increase is required to prevent output image degradation due to
the doppler spectrum being incorrectly located with respect to the
recording pasaband of the radar,
the extension of special methods of analysis,
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er to further Improve the mathematical probability of
he inf ormat i on reported on
ill be flown to supply data
planned that mi
of specific interest.
Typically a group of missions will be flown over Arty vehicles of
and fixed location at the Aberdeen Proving Grourr
o be placed on the comparison of detail oorrelatior8
with the J15-A and close-up color photography.
Special analysis procedures are to be studied, I.e. n
shaping of the amplitude characteristic of the data. This shaping
is considerably more difficult in a coherent system due to the
nature or accessibility of the signal.
The capability of materials classification utilizing mmfea:sure-
men.ts of relative density in the output
To facilitate these measurements it i
will be inveati
ed that the
handling process of the radar be stabilized by the addition of
dynamic contrast control. This control maintains those signals of
interest within the available dynamic range
relative density measurements can be obtained.
A method for obtaining optimeummc coherent radar Ima s
surface ships is recomme
This requires a simple
cation and a change, in the P-10l installation in order to maintain
the ships doppler specter within the recording pass band of the
r
Also suggested is a handbook for radar interpretation :f coherent
Information. This handbook is Intended to indicate those ge-n
features unique to coherent radar ;eery and those a
associated with the APQ--93.
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 SPECIAL NANIILIMG
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4.0 TEMC AL DESCRIPTION
The program during the first half of 1965 Initiated
major portion of the fundamentals for Interpretation of e
SLR data. That effort presented the essential $LR data required
to illustrate the principles involved. It Is the purpose of the
posed program for the latter part of 1965 to expand on the
substantiation of these principles, and enlarge upon the methods
available for R.I.
Other items proposed for this program are:
a) The publication of an R.I. manual for coherent r
b) The addition to the APQ-93 of a stabilized contrast or
gray tone control to aid in target recognition, i.enti-
ficati.on, and materials determination.
The addition to the APB}--93 of the capability of doppler
frequency estimation on marine surface shies to provide
optimum imaging of these ships.
4.1 Radar Data Evaluation
It will be the purpose of this pirt of the progre to
extend the available information describing the evaluation of
coherent SLR data. This extension Is Intended to further lm__
prove the mathematical probability of the tabulated ittormstlon
which originated in the program during the first half. An
additional effort will be to advance the methods and procedures
,vio;asly. The radar data evaluation will be greatly
aided by the availability of the KA--4 MA camera data, and the
detail correlator during the complete program. These two item;
were not available until the beginning of third and fifth months
of the initial program.
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4.2 Target Identification Matrix
A target I.A. matrix is a cataloging moth
data representing. a definite target which is several resolution
elements in area. The coordinates for this data are usually
azimuth and elevation
angle. The purpose of the matrix
is to provide the W.I. with a record or the coherent microwave
image and Its typical variations. Ideally this would be done
on all possible targets of Interest. However, for this program
it will be restricted to those targets of higher interest where
the principles and methods of recognition and identification
for coherent radar imagery can be tested and expanded as required.
Also, the target I.D. matrix will be used to determine capabili.tiee
and deficiencies of the collection equipment.
4,3 Special Analysis Techniques
The program thus far has proven that additional isteroretat i o
capability can be obtained through special photo
and control. Also other imagery program r in allied fields have
shown benefits from variations in the spatial frequency response
of the recorded .image. A coherent radar equipment using optic 1
correlation requires equivalent techniques for adjusting the
nay content of the Image and the aignal amplitude response.
The conventional radar can be adjusted easily to be selective In
both the amplitude and frequency characteristic. Identical
control in the coherent system is accomplished In a more difficult
manner and at different points in the equipment. Some of this
control can be accomplished by changes within the equipment
(radar and/or correlator) however, there is a reasonable amount
that can be accomplished by special recording and photo processing
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of the correlated data. It is proposed that these techniques
be investigated further during the extension
4.4
During the f
euver I
vises
fOf th
~nd a Navy exer4
were curve i . 3 1
by the AI/APQ-93. Also at this writing it is anticipated that
flights will be made in the near future
eked appropriate.y
spaced) Army vehicles at Aberdeen Proving Grounds to determine
signature. These flights were selected with the objective of
defining the equipments ea bility and gaining some insight to
R.I. problems. It is suggested that more flights of a similar
nature be conducted over a suitably spaced time period.
4.5 CA-45-A Camera
This camera is mounted in the F-101 to record the same F.O.V.
as the radar for the purpose of verification, target identiflction,
and optical/ microwave ccwpartsaon. The following effort is re-
quired to maintain this camera capability.
lm procurement, handling,, pr'ocess'ing, evaluation, and
Non-routine flight line maintenance and application
support effort.
Factory adjustment and minor overhaul near mid program.
data cataloging.
4.6 R.I. Handbook
A handbook for use by radar interpreters of coherent map :
ormation was not included a part of the initial program.
it is rec a nded that this manual be written durim the ce i
e the following topics; a
characteristics
map defects, mensuration,, and environmental effects on data
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a Camp Drum Army
 PEGIALWANDLING
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4.7 Flight Analyzer
A significant amount of information or target idea
Materials analysis can be accomplished by qualitative and
quantitative density measurements on the correlated d
I c n
To obtain meaningful density rae csx a nts, the contrast or grey,
the correlated film must
onably a
tabilised by
of within the total equipment. In
conventional radar the relative, density control on the output
map is accomplished simply by sensitivity and gain stabi.ltaatitn
however, with a coherent equipment it is not
accomplished. It is therefore the Intent
program to design and install in the F-1031 wha
adi,ly
,a part of the
ight analyzer" after a study phase has been completed to
determine the method and practicality of contrast stab it izatior.
Essentially the "flight analyzer"' is to be a fe
radar monitor available to the
and control, panel for signal stabilization on the dopp:ler d
cording. The data displayed on this monitor is the result of
a reference signal injected into the radar at frequencies.
The control of the doppler data is anticipated to ooplieh the
required degree of stabilized contrast or grey tone renditi
in the correlated data.
Surface Ship Imaging
The n arrnal mode of onerat i or# for the A
d targets which are represented by a doDpler f
proportional to the aircraft ground speed. Moving
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surveitlan- ce
uency
ets such
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as the Navy ships in operation
requirement with the result that the hologrSm rep
rthe
incorrect frequencies f
o
3. To prev en.t this, It to neces
data recorder ar a
25X1
en the bandwidth
o $ a l8at '
for the doppler change equivalent to the target velocit; . To
obtain wider recorder track bandwidth,
posed that tht
data film speed be increased fr+ 1.22 inches per seed 1. to oVe
2.0 inches per second. To compensate the radar for th3 target
.y it is proposed that a simple calculator based on the
dead-reckoning principle he used.
tnual l y set-in lasts
will be the velocity and heading of the
aircraft and target.
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5.0
5.3. Radar Data Evaluation
Extend the evaluation of coherent SLR data to further
Improve the mathematical probability of tabulated information
on:
Target detection, oriental
f icat ion .
Vegetation, foliage,shadc vs, camouflage and precipitation
effects.
ChanRRe detection
cognition and dent#..w
ive cover aapabtli
rail yards, airports, ship yards, missile sites, and
onstruction areas.
5.2 Target Identification Matrix
Prepare detail correlations on various finite targets and
construct an identification matrix for each target where a
sufficient quantity of data is available. The coordinates of
this matrix are to be azimuth and elevation aspect angles.
5.3 Special Analysis Techniques
Continue evaluation of special analysis techniques which im-
prove or enhance the SLR map presentation for use by the RI.
These areas of evaluation are;
a) Photo processes, procedures and materials, which aid in
enhancing small signal return and accentuation of contrast.
atial frequency response variations in the eorrelatio
ata by addition of derivatives of the original
to final picture.
_11-
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5.4 Military Exercises
Conduct SLR surveillance of military field and set: exercises
and issue' a report for each exercise.
5.5 XA -45-A Camera
Support KA-45-A aerial reconnaissance camera in the following,
areas*,
a) Non routine flight support and maintenance.
b) Return of camera to manufacturer for repair and ad justrnent .
c) Process and evaluate f l igh
5.6 R. I. Handbook
Write and publish an interpreters handbook for coherent
radar containing the following topics.
correlator, and resultant imagery).
Syat*_-+s description and character
b) Error and Distortion Recognition
a) ?*nauration Methods.
a two phase program which
d) Environmental Effects (weather, ground condition, tin
de,, vegetation
5.7 Flight Analyzer
apability
of Stabilized contrast to Al -93 an command from the radar
operator. The program phases are :
a) Study the feasibility and methods for, stabilizing
the contrast or the APQ-93.
and
After succesefu
e "A" of the progr
design, fabricate, and install a flight analyzer in
A-93 system.
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5.8 Surface Ship Imaging
Conduct a design., modification, and fabrication program
which will add to the APQ--93 the capability of a wider azimuth
data bandwidth and doppler frequency estimation on moving
targets. These moving targets Shall be limited to marine surface
ships at a speed lose than 40 knots.
5.9 Reporting
The reports issued for documentation of this program shall
be issued according to the following:
Reporting for military exercises (5.M) Shall
completed n+ inally 30 days after cc npletion of the
Progress reporting; for the program shall consist of 3
bimonthly reports each of which are to be completed
during the month following the bimonthly period.
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TASK II
I D Matr=i_Y )
TASK III
( pecial Analysis Techniques)
. ~ ~-_~_........
.....e...,.r...____~,..._.a..,.~.
TASK IV
TASK V
KA--4 5 A Camer,r )
TASK VI
I. Hardboolc )
TASK VII
('Tight Analyzer)
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 STAT
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