CONTRACT(Sanitized) ACTIVE PAR TITLES AND PROPOSED CONDENSED TITLES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78B04770A002100090010-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 62
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 24, 2012
• Sequence Number: 10
• Publication Date: January 26, 1965
• Content Type: LIST

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ACTIVE PAR TITLES A1~ID PROPOSID-CONDENSID ZZTLES
iefing Print Enlar
id Access Print
sal processi
ive Study,
itome
Color Acqu
Color Rep
Roller Tr spo
Roller
Expos
of High-Resolution Films Study
of Contact Printers
Study of Effects of Processing
ion System Review Study
tion Systems Review
ansport
Opti
Ste
~
Reversal Processor (12-Inch)
of Photogr
zation of Laser
eo Registration Sys
oc'nromatic Lens System
M
- 15X Fluid Gate Enlarge
Microdensitometer Training Pr
Analysis of Photographic Images~o Evaluate System
Performance
Same as title.
Same as title.
proposed Condensed Title#
Contact Printer Study
Image Effects Study
Color Acquisition Study
Color Duplication Study
Reversal Processor RT-12
Processor RT-24
Laser Photographic Exposure
Same as tit]_e.
Stereo Registration System
Monochromatic Lenses
Fluid Gate Enlarger
Microdensitameter Training
Photographic Image Analysis
*Condensed titles are to contain a maximum of 30 characters including spaces.
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FY-65 Quarterly Report, No. ~+
PAR 206
28 May 65
SUBJECT: Reversal Processing of High Resolution Films Study
TASK~PROBLEM
1. Investigate and. develop a reversal process for high resolution
original negatives, duplicate positives, and duplicate negatives. Process
to accomplish reversal with minimum loss of resolution,
DISCUSSION
2. Publication of the final report, PAR 206, Reversal Processing
of High Resolution Films Study, dated. 1 April 1965, constitutes project
completion.
3. None. Project completed.
i
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~.~.~ 2~6
3 May 65
SUBJECT: Reversal Processing of High. Resolution :Fi;1ms Study
TASK~PROBLEM
10 Investigate and develop a reversal prncess for high resolution
original negatives, duplicate positives and duplicate negativeso Process
to accomplish reversal with minimum loss of resolutiono
DISCUSSION
2a Effort on the final .report was completed for editing and .reorganiza-
tiono It is now being considered for publication approvalso
3o Issue the final report by 28 May 65o
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PAR 206
31 Mar 65
SUBJECT: Reversal Processing of High Resolution Films Study
TASK~PROBLEM
1. Investigate and develop a reversal process for high resolution
original negatives,. duplicate positives, and duplicate negatives. Process
to accomplish reversal with minimum loss of resolution.
DISCUSSION
2. Work was continued on the final report. A draft of the report
has been written which includes illustration material summarizing earlier
findings with those just lately reported, This material is now undergoing
the editing and reorganization effort necessary to submit for approvals and
publication.
3. Discussions held with the customer representative on 19 Mar 65
dealt briefly with progress on the final report and more extensively with
briefing aids. Customer guidance on these aids is being followed as a
separate effort to avoid delay on the final report.
PLANNED ACTIVITIES
~+. Issue the final report by 30 April 65.
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ExetadLd tsa.~ eatoinat[s
doo;ngradlog aoQ
deciasslficatloa
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_~
PAR 206
26 Feb 65
SUBJECT: Reveral Processing of High Resolution Films Study
TASK~PROBLEM
1. Investigate and develop a reversal process for high resolution
original negatives, duplicate positives, and duplicate negatives. Process
to accomplish reversal with minimum loss of resolution.
SECRET
DISCUSSION
2. The studies have been completed, sufficient data for an evaluation
$ave been collected .and the final report is being prepared. Based on the
findings, several preliminary general statements can be made about some of
the topics which have aroused the most interest. These and others will be
discussed in detail in the final report:
a. A second generation duplicate negative, obtained by a rever-
sal process, has a higher resolving power (both high and low contrast) than
does a conventional third generation duplicate negative. The magnitude of
the relative improvement (lines millimeter) depends on the original nega-
tive film type.
b. Original negative film Types 4400, 4401, 4404 and duplicate
film Type 8430 are all satisfactory reversal films. They all possess some-
what the same sensitometric characteristics when reversal processed as when
conventionally processed.
c. The chemical re-exposure studies did not produce any improve-
ment in resolving power over tungsten light re-exposure. In addition, this
technique creates a potential human safety hazard and requires extreme care
to avoid contaminating other photographic products and systems. The final
report will recommend it not be used when it can be avoided.
d. An abbreviated experimental series of tests with UV enhance-
ment did not produce better resolution than reversal processing. W enhance-
G:3~;,~7 1
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SEC~~T
PAR 206
26 Feb 65
ment is a procedure reported in the literature of treating a latent image by
subjecting film to an exposure through the base with low intensity ultraviolet
light.
e. The most significant relative improvement of resolving power
produced by reversal processing was in first generation original positives
over conventional second generation duplicate positives. The magnitude of
the improvement depends on the original negative film type.
PLANNED ACITVITIES
3? Complete and issue the final report,
OR~~P t
tsclcs~ tse~ ?.tdratic
,,_ G~:~:~ra~a3 ~d
sEC~~r
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PAR 206
22 Jan 65
SUBJECT: Reversal Processing of High Resolution Films Study
TASK~PROBLEM
1. Investigate and develop a reversal process for high resolution
original negatives, duplicate positives, and duplicate negatives. Process
to accomplish reversal with minimum loss of resolution.
DISCUSSION
2. The high contk~ast (12th root of 2, black bar on clear surround and
clear bar on black surround resolving power targets were received. They
were examined by the image analysis group and found to be satisfactory for
use in this program. Their frequency range is from 84 to 634 lines~mm. The
steps are separated by a multiplying factor of 1.06; that is, each'step is
6 percent greater in frequency than the step immediately below it. This con-
struction makes the 12th root targets twice as sensitive as the 6th root
targets whose steps increase?by 12 percent. Samples of all the targets used
in the study will be included in the final report.
3. The 12th root of two targets will be reduced onto a special high
resolution material for use in a contact printer. In this form, they can
be used for a generation series with Type 8430 duplicating film. The 6th
root of two targets are already available for this application.
4. Some resolution data, of a preliminary nature; has been collected,
but there is nothing conclusive to report at this time. The resolution
values obtained appear reasonable and indicate that the tests are proceed-
ing along correct lines.
5. Three proposed designs for briefing aids were prepared for sub-.
mitting to the customer,
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PAR 206
22 Jan 65
PLANNED ACTIVITIES
6, Complete collection and analysis. of resolution data,
7. Initiate preparation of final report.
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MONTHL~ ~~~ T
PAR 206
24 Dec 64
SUBJECT: Reversal Processing of High Resolution Films Study
TASK~PROBLEM
1. Investigate and develop a reversal process for high resolution
original negatives, duplicate positives, and duplicate negatives. Process
to accomplish reversal with minimum loss of resolution.
DISCUSSI01~~-
2. Finalprocessing conditions were established for film Types 8430,
4400, 4401, and 4404 on the sensitometric processor. These conditions
(see Tables 1. and 2) produce the curves shown in Figures 1 through 4.
Curves for a negative process, a reversal process with chemical fogging
agents and a reversal process with light re-exposure are shown in each
figure. The negative process, needed. for the resolving power tests,
produces sensitometric results identical to one of the contractor's
production processes.
3? Because the new resolving power targets (based on a 12th root
of 2 multiplying factor) have not been completed, activity on this PAR
has been stopped. The targets have been promised for the first week of
January 1965 and as soon as they are received the study will be resumed.
PLANNED ACTIVITY
4. The final phase of the study will be devoted. entirely to collect-
ing resolving power data. The resolving power tests will establish for
each film type and each target polarity the maximum resolution that can be
expected for:
a. Negative process.
b. Reversal process - light re-exposure.
c. Reversal process - chemical fogging.
d. Reversal process - either (b) or (c) with UV enhancement.
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PAR 206
24 Dec 64
Stage
Process Temp.
Chemical
Time
~F
Min. Sec.
Develop:
8430
71
DD-691
28"
.4400
8o
P-693
3'30"
4401
8o
P-693
3' 30"
4404
74
P-693
1'15"
Stop:
?
A11
Same
SBSB
10"
Fix;.
All
Same
F-6
1'30"
Table 1. Process conditions on the Sensitometric Processor for the negative
curves in Figure 1 through 4.
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Stage
Chemical
Time
at 75?F
P?'Iin. Sec.
Develop;
8t+30
r~B-lolD
2' 37"
4~+0o
D-94
1' 45"
~+Ol
D-9!}
l t J+S,r
1+1+0+
MPB-111D
3 r 00'r
Stop;
All
SB B
1 "
Bleach;
All
rr
Rinse;
All
0
1'00"
Clear;-
. All
CB-3
3p+r
Rinse;
All
0
l r 00rf
Re-Expose"
All
800-1200 fes
Re develop;
(light re-expos
) D-95
1'00"
All
.
Re-develop;
(chemical foggin
All
FD-68
2'00"
Rinse;
All
t n
Fix;
All
F-6
2'00"
PAR 206
24 Dec 64
Table 2. Process conditions on the Sensitometric Processor for the reversal
curves shown in Figures 1 through 1+.
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PAR 206
24 Dec 64
5. In addition, a generation series will be obtained for Type 8430
film. When these data have been collected and analyzed, a final report
will be issued.
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PAR 206
30 Nov 64
SUBJECT: Reversal Processing of High Resolution Films Study
TASK/PROBLEM
1. Investigate and develop a reversal process for high resolution
original negatives, duplicate positives, and duplicate negatives. Process
to accomplish reversal with minimum loss of resolution.
DISCUSSION
2. Sensitometric Processing
a. Attempts to establish a reversal process for film Type 8430
on a production processor (Grafton) had been unsatisfactory in the past be-
cause of a consistent yellow highlight stain and too low a contrast. Since
very little was known about the reversal characteristics of this film or
any of the others which fitted into the scope of the study, laboratory in-
vestigation was performed using a sensitometric processor to collect in-
formation which could be used in solving problems of this nature.
b. The sensitometric processor was specifically designed for
this type of experimentation. It can accommodate almost any processing
cycle, has a small fluid capacity, a wide choice of operating temperatures
and agitation rates, and can be operated by one man. Start-up and shut-
down times are in the neighborhood of a few minutes while a full scale
processor can easily require several hours. It should be noted that
since it is an immersion type processor, data obtained with it will
always be more closely related to deep-tank than to other types of
full-scale processors, but with its use a great deal of insight can
be gained into the results that can be produced with any processor.
c. The high-resolution films selected to meet the requirements
of the study were:
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PAR 206
30 Nov 64
Film Type No. Normal Use
4404 Original Negative
4400 Original Negative
8430 Duplicating
SO-233 Duplicating
An attempt was made to establish Plus-X Reversal Film as a control emulsion
with which the other films could be compared. This was not successful, how-
ever, since the films under investigation needed quite different process
times and chemicals.
d. The laboratory program used the conventional reversal process-
ing cycle: develop, stop, bleach, wash, clear, wash, reexpose, redevelop,
wash, fix, wash and dry. The first series of experiments involved large
changes in processing conditions for all except the wash stages of the
cycle. In this way, some of the critical operating conditions were pointed
out and used to design experiments for a finer measure of the necessary
limitations of operating parameters. This kind of information is needed
for production type processors which always have limitations in the amount
of change that can be made in the process conditions of each stage. For
instance, with a given bleach concentration and temperature, both the mini-
mum and maximum time limits for satisfactory bleaching must be known. Too,
little bleaching results in a stain (unbleaching) while too much results in
a mottled condition (re-reversal).
e. All of the samples of Type SO-233 tested had a yellow high-
light stain and mottled condition. Since there appeared to be no quick
method of improving the quality and since Film Type 8430 satisfied most
of the program requirements for a duplicating film, Type SO-233 was dropped
from the investigation.
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PAR 206
' 30 Nov 64
f. The results with film Types 4404 and 8430 show that almost
identical sensitometric results (emulsion speed, contrast, etc.) can be
produced in reversal processing as in standard negative processing.
g. Film Type 4400 tolerance to changes in processing conditions
is quite different from Types 4404 and 8430, so sensitometric testing with
it has been delayed to minimize process changeovers. Enough has been
learned, however, to show that no great problems should be encountered in
establishing test processing conditions.
3. Full Scale Processing (Grafton)
a. The Grafton processor was used in the program for two weeks.
It is a large scale production processor that has been modified to accommo-
date several different processing cycles. It is a deep tank processor (the
first developer can also be converted to a spray chamber). It has auto-
matic temperature control, nitrogen burst agitation, variable film travel
speed, and can process all widths of film from l6mm to 9.5 inches. The
plumbing between the chemical mix room and the processor is fitted with quick
disconnects so the chemicalsin any supply tank can be routed to any process-
ing stage of the machine. This versatility allowed the processor to be
converted from color processing to black-and-white reversal processing in
only two days, including the twenty-four hours needed to decontaminate the
system of residual color chemicals. A,schematic of the Grafton is shown
in Figure 1.
b. The Grafton had two undesirable features which should be remedied:
(1) The clearing bath stage was not followed by a wash.
(2) Only one tank of second development was available, which
did not provide sufficient time for the chemical fogging developers. Several
unused tanks could be utilized for these purposes if necessary changes are
made in recirculation and heating systems.
c. The first developer stage of the Grafton was used as a deep
tank rather than a spray system. There were two reasons for this:
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' PAR 206
30 Nov 64
a/vVVIII
Valve
Direction
of
Film Travel
Figure 1. Schematic of Grafton processor. The tanks are labelled to show their
use for black and white reversal processing. The unlabelled tanks are
not used.
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PAR 206
30 Nov 64
(1) The processing conditions that had been arrived at
on the sensitometric processor would produce almost identical results in
the deep tank system. This close correlation of effect probably saved
at least three days of testing.
(2) The additional conversion time needed to install the
spray system, and improve the process uniformity, was not warranted, since
for the testing planned, a lower level of uniformity was acceptable. Of
course, for extensive processing of high priority imagery, a spray system
would be superior.
d. The sensitometric curves for the films processed on the
Grafton are included in the report; Figure 2 for Type 8430, Figure 3 for
Type 4404 and Figure 4 for Type 4400. The process temperatures, first
development time, and first developer are listed in the figures. The re-
mainder of each process was the same for all and is itemized in Table 1.
The two curves for film Type 4400 in Figure 4 show the separate effects
of visible light reexposure and chemical fogging.
e. A resolving power series was generated with film Type 8430.
High contrast, sixth root of two, 80 to 800 1/mm range targets of both
polarities were used. The polarities correspond to dark bars on a clear
surround and clear bars on a dark surround. The resolution values con-
tained in the master target format and their group codings are listed in
Table 2. All first generation printings were made with U.V. light on a
vacuum board. The higher generations were printed with a Niagara printer.
The processed targets were read independently by several different people.
No large differences in the data were found between individuals. The reso-
lution values from the series that first aroused interest in the present
study and the values from the latest tests are shown in Figure 5. The
original values, denoted "0", were obtained with the clear bar on a dark
surround target, and should be compared to the "C" values.
-17-
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9
Emulsion AL-~o Date
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30 Nov 6L
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Emulsion 44o4 Date o Nov 64
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PAR 206
30 Nov 64
Processing Stage
Chemical
Time
Develop
See appropriate
Figure
Stop
SB5B
1'00"
Bleach
R9
1'12"
Wash
Clear..
Water
CB-3
1'12"
l'27"
Re-expose
Re-develop
1600 fcs
(through base)
D95
--
58"
Wash
Water
1'12"
Fix
Wash
Photo-flo
F-6
Water
P-F
3 f 40"
2'28"
1'12"
Table 1. Processing conditions on the Grafton for all stages except the 1st
developer which produced the curves shown in Figures 2, 3, and 4 for
film Types 8430, 4404, and 4400 respectively. The chemical formulas
will be included in the final report.
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PAR 206
30 Nov 64
1
Step
Group Number
Number
6
7
8
9
1
79.3
158.6
317.0
634.o
2
88.4
176.8
353.6
707.2
3
99.1
198.3
396.3
793.0
4
110.5
221.0
442.0
5
124.8
249.6
499.2
6
135.1
278.2
556.4
Table 2. This table lists the resolving power values in lines per mm contained
in the targets used to generate the data shown in Figure 5. The values
are usually reported in terms of the Group and Step numbers;
e.g. 8/2 in"stead of 353.6 1/mm.
GROUP 1
Excluded from automatic downgrad- cc?.~,l,~
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PAR 206
30 Nov 64
Code:
Original Target
800 1/mm
11000:1 Contrast
both polarities)
Stand. Process .
0 - 397
C - 556
B-278
2nd
All values are lines/mm
I
3rd Gen.
Stand. Process
0 - 221
C - 278
B -198
0 - lst set; from clear bar
dark surround target
C - recent set; from clear bar +
dark surround target'
B - recent set; from dark bar
clear surround target
2nd Gen.
Reversal Process
0 - 278
C - 317
B - 249
3rd Gen.
Reversal Process
C - 198
4th Y _ Gen. 3rd Gen.
Stand. Process Reversal Process
0-177
C-221
B - 176
o - 198
C - 249
B - 176
o - 198
C - 198
Figure 5. Resolution values obtained with Type 8430 film. The "0" values, the 1st
set generated by the study should be compared to the "C" values of the more
recent Grafton tests.
GROUP 1
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4P SECRET
r
1
PAR 206
30 Nov 64
f. In all the steps of the series except one, the latest values
are higher. This increase might be accounted for by improved printing
methods. Most important, however, is the fact that earlier results were
confirmed; that is, more information of an original film will be retained
in a duplicate negative if it is obtained as a second generation product
of a reversal process rather than a third generation product of a standard
negative process (corresponds to third and fourth generation comparisons
in the test series, Figure 5). The resolution values from the dark bar on
a clear surround target were, as expected, much lower than the opposite
polarity.
g. A third generation negative copy was made of some-.typical recon-
naissance scenes on 9.5 inch Type 4400 film and was used as.a simulated or-
iginal negative. Part of this was reversal processed with white light re-
exposure and part with a fogging type second developer. An examination of
the sensitometric curves in Figure 4 will show that a lower maximum density
was obtained with the chemical reexposure than with light. This was due
to insufficient second development time and can be corrected by the sug-
gested changes in the Grafton, Paragraph 3.b.(2).
h. Image material on film Types 8430 and 4404 was processed
along with the resolution targets and essentially the same type of gener-
ation series was obtained. Some of this material was arranged in transparent
folders so the various generation steps could be easily compared. All of
the materials demonstrated that satisfactory results can be obtained with
film Types 8430 and 4404 and 4400 in terms of tone, contrast, and film
speed. Several hundred feet of imagery is on hand and is available for
viewing.
i. A complete review of this program was given for the customer
representative on 19 November 1964. All of the major steps from its beginning
' GROUP 1
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1
1
PAR 206
30 Nov 64
to its present status were outlined. The resolution data and the image
material displayed for viewing gave rise to the major part of the dis-
cussions.
4. Resolving power experiments are planned for film Types 8430, 4404,
and 4400 on the sensitometric processor. The effects to be determined are:
a. Fogging second developers
b. U.V. enhancement
c. Reexposure levels
d. Fine grain developers
e. Bleach times
Targets of both polarities, based on twelfth root of two imcrements, will
be used to provide twice the sensitivity of measurement as those used in the
past. These targets are being constructed and should be available soon.
5. Tests will be continued to obtain background data needed for poten-
tial production operation.
GROUP 1
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Attachment #4
Misc 56
21 Nov 64
SUBJECT: Contract~ Progress Review Meeting, 19 Nov 64.-
BAR 206, Reversal Processing of High-Resolution Films -
1. A review was made of the program from its first inception
through all of the major intermediary phases to its present status. The
major areas covered were:
a. The methods used to obtain the first series-of reso-
lution data (Ragdo.ll proces.sor).
b. The conversion and checkout of the Grafton processor.
c. Investigations on the Sensitometric processor.
d. Application of the Sensitometric processor results to
the Grafton processor operation.
cussed in detail. These are listed below:
e. Films processed on the Grafton..
f, Planned activity.
2. Several areas of particular interest to ere dis
a. Briefing Boards - A relocation and relabelling of some
of the descriptive symbols would make them more valuable and descriptive
for his use.
.b. Grafton Processor - A'description of the processor's.
automatic control features and its adaptability to different processing
situations was presented.
c. Resolving Power - Reasons for: -
(1) Using targets of both polarities.
(2) Constructing. new targets with smaller incremental
differences between steps.
GROUP 1
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(3) Having several people read the.processed targets.-
d. Image Material from Recent Grafton Operations - Compar-
ative layouts of the image material were presented.
3.I expressed concern about the possibility that the.
design and fabrication of some pieces of equipment intended;for reversal
processing use might be progressing at too.-fast a rate to _incorporate.im-.
portant findings from PAR 206 studies:
)+. Contractor to revise and relocate some . briefing` board symbols.
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`~ SECRET
PAR 206
30 Oct 64
SUBJECT:. Reversal. Processing of High-Resolution Films Study
TASK/PROBLEM
1. Investigate and develop a reversal process for-high-resolution
.original negatives, duplicate positives, and duplicate negatives. Process,,
to.accomplish-reversal with minimum loss of resolution.
DISCUSSION
2. Sensitometric testing was continued to investigate the individual
photographic characteristics. and special process requirements of films
8430, 4404, 4400 and SO-233 when used as reversal. materials.. All of the tests
were designed to obtain information which would be directly related to the,
use of these films. with the Grafton machine and other conventional types of
reversal processing equipment. Processing times, temperatures, and chemicals
were kept within the ranges presently considered normal. When the potential
of the'films has been established within these bounds, more extreme conditions
will be tested.
3? Preliminary process conditions have been chosen for film types 44o4
and 81.30 to be. used while _investigating
Re-,exposure.
b. Second development. -
C. Image quality.
A reversal process was selected for each film which produces sensito-
metric results almost identical to those which are achieved with the same
film.in a standard. negative. process. This similarity in effect was the only
reason for selecting these process conditions which may or may not prove to
be optimum for maximizing resolving power or-for producing the best tone re-
production..
GROUP
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SECRET 0
PAR 206
30 oct 64
5. The characteristic reversal process curves for the 4404 and 8430 are
shown in Figures 1 and 2 respectively. These figures also show the standard
negative curves. Table I lists the.important parameters of all the curves
and Table II lists the reversal processing conditions. The specification..
sheets for the negative processes are also included (Specification No. 600,
Type 8430; Specification rio. 603, Type 44o4) in ,Tables III and IV.
6. The'significant sensitometric differences between the reversal and
negative processes as shown in Table I are:
a. The 4404. reversal absolute D min is about 0.10 density units lower
than the negative.
b. The 8430 reversal requires about 0.80 Log E units less exposure
.(as measured with 0.6 gamma points) and the absolute Dmin is about 0.05'den-
sity units higher than the negative.
.7. Film type 4400-also shows very promising results, but since it has
a much heavier: emulsion and requires different chemistry than 8430 and 4404,
testing with it has been delayed to minimize the process changeovers. Its
characteristics seem to be very similar to 7276 (Plus-X Reversal) so less'test-
ing should be, needed with it than with the others.
8.. SO-233 has been dropped from the investigation. An excessive yellow
stain and non-uniformity was present in all samples tested.
PLANNED ACTIVITY
9. Material will be prepared for tests on the.Grafton machine in the
event it is:available in the near future. Resolving power, sensitometric,
image and chemical tests will be made with all of the films now being inves-
tigated.
10.. Investigations will be continued on the sensitometric processor.
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cmueawn LP+vL+ 38
I
Dab
i ExpaNn rr6er~.~'Daft wKn",
E:Oid3iid
3.2
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Emulsion
3.4
3.0
m-
1.4
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PAR 206
30 Oct 64
Film Type. and Procesning;Method
Characteristic
. Curve
Parameters
`Negative. -
Lower Speed Point
iper Speed Point
SES (latitude)-
1.94
Usable Density Spred 1'.42
Absolute mnax-
.2.41
4404
Negative
Reversal
2.14
3.13
3.88
0.07-
2.30
11.49
1.04
2.63
1.59-
2.63
1.40
. 1.89
2.6o
-Table I A eamparative listing of the important characteristic curve parameters_of Figures 1 and-2.
Excluded : from automatic downgrad
Wing -arid declassification-
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2nd Develope
4 X95..
ash
.1ffi Vie' `i
60 .
30.
PA3 ? 206
-3o Ot 61
:averse.]. messing conditions
.2a000
0.
F
15"
le'II cessing conditions. on`.the sensito tric proeessog for films 4404
and 8430 $o produce the sensito ietric curves shown in. Figures 1 and 2 0
TaoleIg
T
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~G6aG~? PROCE 3CIFXCATXo1M.Noo DAM- 5_94 ~a
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PROCESSING SPECIFICATION NO. '603
14ACHINE
Trenton
1 &
PRODUCT
tai ve
FILM TYPE
4404
SIZE
mm
PROCESS EF9
PROCESSING
STAGE
Primary
Wash ,
Saoondary
P-693
SB5B
1120
MPG-106D
Ari9eat SB5B
Hypo Rinse F-6
Hypo F-6
Photo-f 1o : P-F
Condition Cabinet
one`.
EXHAUST Wide uen ;
~~P U
L12COM(gJ .?O('~040 @]NJP?040?OO? m`beyvoa
and, ?~614BiffA(IX4000
ARIAC .SM TINGS
A
LOC
TION .'OR NO. OF WGTS.
??d. arriaV
Condition 'Cab 1 .
- COST e..
Dryer ca fn?' . se ec or snitch 1. Top
spray nozzle on.- each.header in`primary
section is turned. up : tobreak-up any.
'd?v?loger ahan doen .-_ - -
211511% 1 Pei
". 15 Psi
151? 5. psi
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NOW
MONTHLY REPORT
0
PAR 206
2 Oct 64
SUBJECT: Reversal Processing of High Resolution Films Study
TASK/PROBLEM
1. Investigate and develop a reversal process for high-resolution
original negatives, duplicate positives, and duplicate negatives. Process
to accomplish reversal with minimum loss of resolution.
2. The results of the Grafton experiments (see PAR 206 write-up in
Quarterly Report No, 3 dated 5 June 1964) showed that additional testing was
needed concerning the basic photographic properties of fine grain negative
and duplicate films when used in a reversal process. Consequently, a labora-
tory'investigation with a sensitometric processor was begun to determine the
capabilities and shortcomings of these.films.
3. The processor being used was designed specifically for this kind of
testing. It has a low chemical usage rate, excellent,. temperature range and
stability, variable agitation capability and is easily operated by one person.
It consists of ten small removable tanks (about 1 gallon capacity each) ar-
ranged-in a row and immersed in a constant temperature water bath. Agitation
is provided mechanically by the back-and-forth movement of a flat rod through
the solution. The travel speed of the rod can be changed to vary the agitation.
4. When testing is resumed on production type continuous processing
equipment, any findings obtained with the sensitometric processor will be of
more value with deep tank than with other type processors. However, regardless
of the type of processor, some process investigations will be needed to correct
for the particular conditions to be met.
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0
9
PAR 206
2 pct 64
5.
The following films are being tested:
a.
4404
Fine grain high resolution negative film.
b.
8430
- Fine grain high resolution duplicating film.
c.
4400
- High speed negative film.
d.
S'0-233 - Fine grain duplication film.
e.
7276 - Plux-X Reversal Film.*
6. Since conventional reversal films, by design, contain a much heavier
silver layer and have a larger distribution in grain size than the films under
consideration, it is expected that the latter will require some variations
from normal reversal process-chemistry and technique,
7. Tests.are being conducted to determine the photographic effects caused
by process changes in the first development stage., This is the most critical
step of a reversal process since all of the others involve reactions which
essentially go to completion. The areas being investigated are:
a. Time, .
b. Temperature, and
c. Solvent concentration.
8. Figures 1, 2 and 3 are representative samples of the kinds of informa-
tion collected. Figure 1 shows the effects of different solvent-concentration
in the first developer (a solvent is usually necessary in a reversal process to
reduce the highlight density level). Time and temperature are held constant.
Figure 2 shows the process effect of variations in the first developer tempera-
ture with the time held constant. Figure 3 shows the process effect of vari-
ations in the first development time with the temperature held constant.
# Plus-X Reversal film 7276-was included in the test program for a general
process check. Its characteristics are well known and, in this ways the
other films could be compared to it to detect any general similarity. in
reversal processing effects.
SECRET
.. s - 0 B ? -.@e. .. -
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PAR 206
2 Oct 64
9.? First developer testing will be continued. The effects of the
following will also be investigated,
a.
Bleach concentration, time,,and temperature.
b.
Clearing bath concentration,
time, and temperature.
c.
d.
Re-exposing magnitude.
Fogging redevelopers.
10. Resolving power testing will be started as soon as a satisfactory
process is obtained for any of the films being tested.
Exduded from aotomdtic downgrad?
and declassification.
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0
PAR 206
2 oct 64
FM
ent.: enee] tr
GROUP I
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eng and declassification
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SECREU
MONTHLY REPORT
PAR 206
2 Oct 64 25X1
T~, . ,
'F inert'
Excluded from automatic downgrad-
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SECRET
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PAR 206
2 oct 64
t k ? T,
T, I 1_1
qtr ~~ }. ~.
7 .t_ (. 4=
:~ ti
i.
ILI
t1me: v .ris:tibn
Excluded from--automatic downgradm
ih and declassification.
SECRET
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SUBJECT: Reversal=..Processing. of High-Resolution Films Study
-TASK/PROBLEM
original negatives, duplicate positives-, and duplicate negatives. Process
Ao accomplish reversal with -minimumloss of.resolution.
DISCUSSION
Grafton, As-reported in a`monthly report,- dated l .May 1964 showed that a
new.study?plan was, required. A- plan for Phase I, Sensitometric Procepsor,
-was-prepared, the main points of which are:
black-and-white developers-w 11 be used
The:=film_'types` 4400,. 4404,. 8430 :and.S0-233 will be tested.
b. Standard and, modified reversal developers and conventional
.The photographic effects of the following will be determined:
(l), Chemical fogging agents. -
Variations of solvent concentrations
PAR -206
8 Sept 64
in the first developer.
`(3) Latensification with ultra violet light.
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.';-An analysis,of the results from the initial test program on. the
Phase IIGrafton.Process.or:'Starting points for a continuous process
 0
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Reversal Processing of High-Resolution Films Study
cu
Fa
PAR 206
1 Scot 64
G~OM4a~
g 6 77 4?? ~0 9~ B2 13 36 U M 777 U3 U(p 200 2T 22 23 24
PHASE I
a. Sensitometric
Processing
---
---
-
b. Evaluation
0-
---
-
-#
PHASE II
a. Continuous
Processing
0-
--
-#
b. Evaluation
0-
--
-
Informal Reports
Quarterly Reports
0
Final Report
0
--
nu2oimtta
from
downgrading and
declasslf icattnn
EY o 0 - Start
- Complete
2.
K 0 - Deliver
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Copy / of 25
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2;a. The Grafton has _ not been ;:available for work on this PAR: g or will it
be mailable in the lnunediate future? Therefore,-- work for. the time being is
restricted to the sensitometrie processor, Duwing the =period: a test program-
--~for this laboratory Vegtipmerit was preparedO
GROUP 9
eiteded_f in antomatic
Qo?ingrrading and`
Qaelassdlcatlan-
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Oar
SECRET
MONTHLY REPORT
PAR 206
10 July 1964
SUBJECT: Reversal Processing of High-Resolution Films Study
TASK/PROBLEM
1. Investigate and develop a reversal process for high-resolution
original negatives, duplicate positives, and duplicate negatives. Process
to accomplish reversal with minimum loss of resolution.
2, Priority demands on the Grafton machine have continued through
the subject period' and as a result' no processing tests were conducted.
Activity has remained at a low level.
3.. During the period of machine unavailability there were some
indications that sensitometric processing tests might be preferable to full
scale machine testing. Because of these indications arrangements will be
made for sensitometric tests..
4. Prior to sensitometric testing, investigations will be made to
determine the best approach for an attack on the various problems of tone,
contrast and:. fog level.
SECRET
from.
at?c c- ; ,,.sr down~;rad ~
and d.:? ,;
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?
Attachment #3
Rpt. Misc. - 35
26 June 64
SUBJECT: Quarterly Review Conference, PARs 206 and 207 -
1. Due to the anticipated prolonged illness of
In view of this, review of these PARs by is in the form of getting
acquainted with the program.
*-assumed responsibiljtv for s 202, 206, 21 and 215.
?
was also informed that the only tests accomplished had been reversa.i oy tine
Grafton processor had been modified or revers processing tests.
a. Contractor Engineer for PAR 206, was not
available for discussion with was informed that the
re-exposure process. Tests show the contrast of the current reversal process
for Type 8430 film results in a lower contrast reversal duplicate negative
than in a corresponding third generation negative made from a duplicate posi-
tive.
b.l indicated the customer had considerable interest in
the sensitometric differences and performance characteristics of reversal
film which are chemically reversed.
3. PAR 207: Review of PAR 207 was delayed pending approval of PAR 207A
submitted to the customer on 21 Apr 6t.
25X1
25X1
?
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M
25X1
?
SECRET
?
PAR 206
5 June 1964
d, The first developer time is critical, for variations of
over 5 to 6 seconds.
SECRET
-9-
SUBJECT: Reversal Processing of High-Resolution Films Study
TASK/PROBLEM
1. Investigate and develop a reversal process for high-resolution
original negatives, duplicate positives, and duplicate negatives.
Process to accomplish reversal with minimum loss of resolution.
2. Conversion and mechanical shakedown of the Grafton was
completed for black and white processing of Kodak Fine Grain Aerial
Duplicating Film, Type 8430 and Kodak Special High Definition Aerial
Duplicating Film, Type S0-105. These efforts covered:
a. Rotometer calibration.
b. Flow rate adjustments.
c, Spray nozzle adjustments,
The conversion was done in 20 hours. Future changeovers will be possible
in less than half of this time and will include both mechanical and
chemical conversion.
3? Forty-five sensitometric tests were run and, based on the results,
about 4,000 feet of 70mm and 921 inch prints (Type 8430) were processed
for comparison with current production counterparts. Photographically,
the process uniformity was found to be excellent. A summary of the-
process data follows:
a. Process temperature is 90F for the entire system.
b.. A pre-wet bath is necessary to prevent mottle,
co Second developer time is not critical after 30 seconds.,
GROUP-1
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16
SECRET
PAR 206
5 June 1964
e. One bank of printer lights is sufficient,
f. Process speed is 121 feet per minute.
g. Drying temperature is 120F0
h. System gamma is about 10100
i. Increased replenisher rates will be necessary for the
clearing bath.
4, Photographic results were as follows:
a. Resolution tests of Type.8430 processed on the Dalton
show resolution of 396 lines/mm, Grafton reversal processed Type
8430 has 317 lines/mm. These were both second generation tests,
b. The reversal process demonstrates a brown tone compared
to the sepia tone of the Dalton. Further the contrast of the reversal
process is 1.25 compared to the Dalton process of about 1.48. The
brown tone and lower contrast both contribute to lower resolution.
5. The conclusions "reached;
a, Better tone can be gained by further chemical adjustments
such as the use of a solvent in the first developer,
b, Higher contrast by adjustments in the two developers.
6. The typical sensitometric curve generated to date on the reversal
process indicates higher fog than desirable. See attached curves of
standard Dalton process, Figure 1, and Grafton experimental reversal
process, Figure 2.
7. Priority demands on the Grafton have made it unavailable for
this project recently and this has resulted in temporarily low
activity. Activity is expected to increase in the coming quarter.
GROUP- 1
Ezcluded from automatic downgrading
and declassification
SECRET
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/24: CIA-RDP78BO477OA002100090010-0
SECRET
PAR 206.
5 June 1964
8. Improvements will be considered for the followings
a. Lower drain for the printer housing was converted to remove
residue chemicals and prevent resulting dust particles. This dust
causes film spotting by desensitization or from inhibiting the re-exposurei
b. Better cover design for the spray section. It should be
stronger, easier to install and prevent leakage.
c. Replacement of the squeegee roller with a pacer roller for
better tracking,
9. Assessment of all test phase data collected thus far is planned
to determine the courses of action most favorable for accomplishing
project goals.
10, Laboratory sink testing of developer formulations to increase
process contrast and improve tone quality will be carried out before full
scale machine tests are resumed.
GROUP.i
&eluded from automatic downgrading
and declassification
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/24: CIA-RDP78BO477OA002100090010-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/24: CIA-RDP78BO477OA002100090010-0
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/24: CIA-RDP78B04770A002100090010-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/24: CIA-RDP78B04770A002100090010-0
SECRET
PAR 206.
1 may 61.
SUBJECT: Reversal Processing of High-Resolution Films Study
TASK/PROBLEM
1. Investigate and develop a reversal process for high-resolution
original negatives, dupe positives, and dupe negatives. Process to accom-
plish reversal with minimum loss of resolution.
DISCUSSION
2. The Grafton was converted from a color system to black and white
system. Because this was the first attempt, the change required 2C hours
instead of the planned 8 hours. This initial. effort however, included
rotameter calibrations for the new chemical system. This step will not be
necessary every time. It appears that a conversion time of 8 hours (includes
both mechanical and chemical) will be possible.
3. The initial test series (mechanical shake-down) required many
adjustments of spray nozzles and flow rates. Mechanical improvements that
are necessary on a long-range basis are:
a. Drain the printer housing at its lowest point.
Standing chemicals dry out and the resulting
residue is chemical dust particles which cause
spots on the film by (1) preventing re-exposure
or (2) desensitization, thus affecting second
development.
SECRET
--6-
GROUP-1
Excluded from automatic downgrading
and declassification
. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/24: CIA-RDP78B04770A002100090010-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/24: CIA-RDP78BO477OA002100090010-0
SECRET ip
PAR 206
1 6 4
b. Improve the cover design for the spray section. The present
cover is structually weak, it permits chemicals to leak
down outside machine tank walls, and it is hard to install
and remove in event of spray section trouble-shooting.
c. Consider a new pacer roller arrangment. Use of the squeegee
roller on the pacer roller causes poor tracking. (This was
found true for color materials as well).
1+. Photographically, the process uniformity is excellent. Streaks
were observed and isolated as being in the emulsion (Type 81+30). A total
of 1+5 sensitometric tests were run. In addition, based on the results of
the tests, about 4000 feet of 70mm and 9 1/2-inch (Type 81+30) prints were
processed for comparison with current production counterparts. A summary
of the data follows.
a. The process temperature is 90F for the entire system.
b. A pre-wet bath is necessary to prevent mottling.
c. The second developer time is not critical after 30 seconds.
d. The first developer time is critical to variations over
5 to 6 seconds.
e. One bank of printer lights is sufficient.
f. Process speed is 12 1/2 feet per minute.
g. Drying temperature is 120F.
h. System gamma is about 1.10.
i. Increased replenisher rates will be necessary for the
clearing bath.
PLPJTNED ACTIVITY
5. To assess all data collected from this initial test phase, and
determine probable courses of action for improvement.
6. The processor will not. be available for further reversal effort for
about two to three weeks effective 23 April 1964.
SECRET
GROUP-i
Excluded from automatic downgrading
and declassification
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/24: CIA-RDP78BO477OA002100090010-0
46 lucriky 0
PAR 206
3 Apr 6)4
SUBJECT: Reversal Processing of High-Resolution Films Study
TASK/PROBLEM
1, Investigate and develop a reversal process for high-resolution
original negatives, dupe positives., and dupe negatives. Process to accom-
plish reversal with minimum loss of resolution.
DISCUSSION
2, Plumbing and mechanical changes to the Grafton have modified
the processor so it now is capable of black-and-white reversal process-
ing of Type 8430 and SO-107 films,
3. A tray-process test., which was made in search of a suitable re-
versal duplicating film proved that Kodalith Duplicating Film is unsatis-
factory. All test samples contained extreme contrasts with a high degree
of loss in information content in both D-Min and D-Max areas,
PLANNED ACTIVITIES
4, The initial testing phase of the machine reversal processing
will be started 1 Apr 64,
GROUP-1
alaadeA, from auto made. d+ b.
and, declassification.
ding
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/24: CIA-RDP78B04770A002100090010-0
i
PAR 206
29 Feb 64
SUBJECT: Reversal Processing of High-Resolution Films Study
TASK/PROBLEM
Investigate and develop a reversal process for high-resolution
original negatives, dup positives and dup negatives. Process to accom-
plish reversal with minimum loss of resolution. Selected process should
accomplish reversal with no more loss of resolution than that now exper-
ienced from original negative to the first generation dup negative.
DISCUSSION
Process systems and test planning phases have been outlined.
Application of plans are being held in abeyance until present in-house
equipments can be converted to test each process being investigated.
PLANNED ACTIVITIES
During the neat quarter primary effort will be aimed at de-
veloping a reversal process for film Type 8430 on the Grafton processor.
After Type 8430 has been completely evaluated, the program
will then be continued on other selected film products.
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? 0 674r,6_3
I.
STUDY PROGRAM OBJECTIVE
Reversal Processing of High Resolution Positive
Films for Duplicate Negatives (PAR-206)
Currently large numbers of duplicate positive copies are
made directly from the original negative requiring multiple use of the
original, This increases the chances for loss of quality in the original
negative through abrasion., digs, kinks., dirt, etc.
There is also a demand for duplicate negatives so that
customers can make additional copies and enlargements for specialized uses.
The production of such negatives normally requires two printing steps which
can increase the information loss,
A third problem arises in locations where positive prints
are wanted and only a positive is available as a printer master. In this
case the reversal processing of high resolution print film greatly simpli.'
fies the problem.
~'x?o ,sal
We propose to investigate the reversal processing of high
resolution positive films in order to achieve the following goals:
1. Production of a "master duplicate negative" directly from the
original negative by reversal processing; then using this negative
for the printing of the many duplicate positives used in the com-
munity.
2. Improvement in the quality of the duplicate negatives by reversal
processing. These reversal negatives can be disseminated to others
for further reproduction or exploitation as required.
3. Reproduction of a positive from a positive or a negative from a
negative if required without loss inherent in two printing-
process-ing cycles or generations.
Because such degradation of dirt, scratches, etc. and loss
of resolution is particularly evident and critical in todayss high acuity
taking films we propose to initiate our investigation with the reversal
properties of fine grain duplication films such as Type 8430 (or even finer
grain products).
Such films will be examined from the point of view of their
characteristics both physical and photographic. Experiments will be per-
formed with the developer chemistry and with developer techniques to
Cep '~'`: ^CS" T
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/24: CIA-RDP78BO477OA002100090010-0
6ILk. Juu uJ
PAR 206 m Page 2
10
determine the optimum combination for each film.
Results will be analyzed to determine what effect taking
scales and taking film information content have on the validity of the
reversal concept. We foresee that large scale., low resolution negatives
may not warrant the added complexities of reversal processing in view
of the present printer capabilities. At the other end of the scale it is
entirely possible that any printing technique will result in a loss of
information. Under such conditions the solution may well be to enlarge
the negative immediately by the best possible means and then utilize the
resulting "master" dupe negative produced by reversal processing for dup.
Jicating other requirements.
Sensitor"etric exposures.. resolution charts and typical aerial
images will be exposed on Type 81430 Fine Grain Duplicating Film and other
fine grain duplicating films which may be available. These exposed films
will be processed using reversal processing techniques.
These techniques will include evaluation of both optical
and chemical processing methods for reversal of the photographic image.
These films will be evaluated for excellence in providing maximum infor-
mation and tonal reproduction. Where needed alterations in the reversal
processing machine or in the reversal processing chemistry will be made
to achieve optimum physical and photographic performance,
Trade trials will be made using the reversal processing
technique. These examples will be distributed to the community for their
evaluations
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 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/24 CIA-RDP78BO477OA002100090010-0
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