CONTRACT (Sanitized)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78B04770A002800030037-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 36
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 3, 2005
• Sequence Number: 37
• Publication Date: December 7, 1966
• Content Type: LETTER

005/06/23: CIA-RDP78B0477 002800030037-0
CONF1Ot
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Post Office Box 8043
Southwest Station
Washington, D. C. 20024
Subject:
ontracting Officer
164-64-20
Copy--A-of 3
Attached are two copies of a report entitled "Photobleach
Photography, Phase II" dated 30 November 1966. This report
is the final report under the subject task and completes
the technical reporting requirements of the task.
Declass Review by NGA.
GROUP 1
EX"LURED KGs AUTOMATIC
DOW;d'BAUIsNG
AND
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Contract No.
Task No. 02
Progress Report No. 14 (FINAL)
Covering the period October 15 - November 30, 1966
Financial Status
Amount Authorized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Estimated Expenditures thru 11/30/66 . . . . .
Funds Committed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Funds Remaining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*Subject to adjustment as final bills and credits
are received.
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The final technical report was submitted on 7 December
1966.
6 January 1967
Distribution:
Technical Representative - three copies
File - one copy
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Contract No.
Task No. 02
Progress Report.No. 13
Covering the period September 16 - October 14, 1966
Financial Status
Amount Authorized . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Estimated-_Expenditures thru 10/9/66
Funds Committed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Funds Remaining . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
.Technical Status
Attached is a technical progress report covering
the period of 16 September to 14 October 1966. Enclosures
referred to in report are attached to original only.
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..Distribution:
Technical` Representative - three copies
Contracting Officer - two copies
.File - one copy
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Progress Report #13
Photobleach Photography Phase II
September 16, 1966 - October 14, 1966
Effort during the past month has been concentrated on TMI, one of the dyes
initially reported last month, and on the mechanics of coating films on Mylar
base. Considerable success has been achieved.
One problem that became apparent shortly after the previous report had been
submitted is that the polymer used, RJ-100, becomes fragile several days
after casting and cracks easily when the Mylar base is sharply bent. After
screening several other polymers a new polymer was tried, and found to work
satisfactorily. This polymer, an Eastman alcohol soluble butyrate, ASB,
yields a smooth thin film of great flexibility.
The photographic properties of TMI in ASB are very good. Since experience
with the polymer-dye-photo sensitizer system has been less than two weeks,
the proportions in the mixtures are far from maximized, and the best solvent
system has not been determined. In spite of this, films of high quality can be
made, as demonstrated by the samples enclosed with this report. One sample,
a contact copy of a negative material, was exposed for five seconds to a 400 w
mercury lamp, then heated for eight minutes in a 105?C oven. The other
sample, a reproduction of a Kodak #2 Step Wedge, showing 13 steps, was
exposed for 10 seconds? and heated for four minutes at 120?C. The speckled
appearance shows the need for solvent and concentration optimization.
Exposure times and heating times also need to be optimized. The samples,
however, are heat locked and stable to light. One of our films has been
exposed to a 1000 w projector for four hours with only minor bleaching.
Plans for Octobers November - Optimization of the TMI-ASB system will
proceed. The writing of the final report of the year's work will be the major
effort for the period.
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Contract No.
Task No. 02
Progress Report No. 12
Covering the period August 1 - September,16, 1966
Financial-Status
Amount Authorized . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Estimated-_Expenditures thru 9/11/66 . . .
Funds :Committed . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Funds Remaining . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Technical Status
Attached is a technical progress report covering
.the period of 1 August to 16 September 1966. Enclosures
referred to in report are attached to original only.
Z;j ;Sept
-Distribution:
~/Tedhnjcal'.Representative - three copies
Contracting Officer - two copies
.File - one copy
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Progress Report #12
Photobleach Photography Phase II
August 1 - September 16, 1966
Screening Experiments
The effort during August consisted of a continuation of previous work, i. e.,
screening of dyes and of mixtures. Several yellow dyes were tested, as were
several mixture. modifications without achieving any striking results.
At the end of August, two new dyes were received and tested. These dyes,
N, N-diethyl-2-methylindoaniline and N, N, 2-trimethylindoaniline, code names
DEMI and TMI respectively, had been synthesized for this program. The
work on these dyes will be the main topic of this report.
DEMI and TMI are blue dyes of similar structure, and related to Indophenol
Blue, which has been extensively studied in this program. Films of DEMI or
TMI sensitized by iodoform or carbon tetrabromide when exposed for 0. 5 to
10 seconds (depending on light source,. concentration of materials in film, and
similar experimental factors) will show little or no evidence of bleaching.
After heating for a few minutes, however, in an oven at about 100?C, the
exposed areas will bleach resulting in a positive reproduction of the transparency
used. The interesting aspect of this is that the contrast of the reproduction
depends directly on the time of heating. That is, short heating times lead to
images of low contrast, and as heating time is increased, the areas with greatest
exposure decrease in density thus increasing contrast.
If use is to be made of this method of contrast control, the films cannot be heat
fixed in the usual way, since heat fixing involves a longer heating period than
that needed to develop the image. Several methods of solving this problem are
possible. The simplest is to take advantage of the insensitivity of the films to
light of wavelength greater than about 5000 A. Films protected by Wratten #15
filters, for example, can be exposed to intense light without damage. Such
protected films have been exposed for ten minutes in a 500 watt projector
without observable change. When viewed on a light table, the image in these
protected films appears black or blackish green on a yellow background.
If heat locking is to be used, it is possible that contrast control can be achieved
by careful control of exposure, once optimum heat locking conditions are
determined. Heat locking for these materials is difficult, although it has been
aecomplished. In most cases in which it has been tried, the films have been
over-exposed and have been almost completely bleached during heating. The
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achievement of reproducible heat locking will require a program of extensive
empirical testing of both exposure and heating conditions, utilizing reproducible
films.
Conceivable fixing methods which avoid the problems of both the above
alternatives include (1) a solvent wash by some solvent that will dissolve
iodoform but not the dye or polymer, or (2) prolonged exposure to high vacuum
without heating which presumably will remove the iodoform by evaporation.
We have no direct experience with either of these methods.
Work with the above dyes has been done both on glass and on Mylar tape. Some
time has been devoted in the last week to acquisition of some rudimentary tape
coating technique. Some examples of tape, all of which were given the same
exposure but different heating times, are enclosed with this report, together
with the negative used in the exposure. Since the films are not heat locked,
they should not be exposed to intense light without the protection of a yellow
filter. A Wratten #15 filter is also enclosed. .
A quite different technique for producing direct positives based on the "Photo.-
metallic Process" being studied in this laboratory has recently been proposed.
In this process, a metal film (gold, silver, tin, and other metals have been
used) is overlaid with a photoreactive material in a polymeric binder. On
exposure to light, the metal surface is etched. The polymer film is then washed
away. The remaining metal film is a direct positive reproduction of the mask
used in the exposure. An example of a silver film on glass is enclosed with
this report. Exposure was 45 seconds, to a 500 watt projector. It will be seen
that the image looks metallic by reflected light, but looks blue black by
transmitted light, as in a projector. The blue color is characteristic of light
transmitted through thin films of silver. Other metals, particularly tin, do not
have such windows in the visible region. The process is equally applicable on
Mylar tape as on glass.
Plans for September-October
Work will be continued on the DEMI and TMI systems, and on films on tape.
If desired by the sponsor, work on the Photometallic Process will be started.
The next report will be for the period September 19-October 21. The time
remaining after October 21 will be devoted mainly to the final report.
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Contract No.
Task No.
Progress Report No.
Covering the period
Financial Status
truly lsG
Amount Authorized . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Est imated-_ Expenditures thru 7/31/GG . . .
Funds. Committed . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
,Funds Remaining . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Technical Status
Attached is a technical progress report covering
the period of July 19 O.
-Distribution:
Technical`-Representative - three copies
Contracting Officer - two copies
'File -> one copy
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Progress Report #11
Photobleach Photography Phase II
July 1966
The effort during July was concentrated on the screening and evaluation
of new dyes and mixtures, and on broadening understanding of previously
used materials. Fourteen green dyes were obtained and tested. These
showed low sensitivity but a few bleached to yellow. Four yellow dyes
were tested with negative results. It was noted that a small amount of a
green dye in a Rose Bengal film deepens the over-all color markedly,
and results on a very fast film with good contrast between bleached (pale
green) and unbleached (dark purple) areas.
Experiments have been run on several mixtures to determine heat locking
conditions more precisely. It was found that high temperature (above
120?C) heat locking is not feasible for certain dye-PSA combinations,
particularly Rose Bengal-CBr4, due to thermal reactions, while several
other combinations heat lock very nicely at high temperatures.
Plans for August. Screening of dyes is to be continued. Black mixtures
are to be prepared for demonstration purposes. Some work will be done
on systems which do not require heat locking. A 400 watt mercury lamp
is to be put into operation, which will facilitate work with films needing
near ultraviolet exposure.
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Contract No.
Task No.
Progress Report No. 10
Covering the period -June 1966
Financial-Status
Amount Authorized . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.Estimated-..Expenditures thru 7/3/66 . . .
Funds .Committed . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Funds Remaining . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Technical Status
Attached is a technical progress report covering
the period of June 1966.
JLV u y lubb
-Distribution:
echn~.cal`Representative - three copies
Contracting Officer - two copies
File - one copy
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Progress Report #10
Photobleach Photography Phase II
The screening of blue and of green dyes has continued. In addition, some of the
dyes were incorporated into black mixtures and evaluated. None of the dyes or
mixtures showed outstanding properties. Several new dyes having appropriate
color changes in acid have been ordered, and will be evaluated in July.
A brief experiment to determine the effect of heating during exposure on the
H&D curve was performed. H&D curves (optical density plotted against log
exposure) were plotted for two samples of a Rose Bengal-iodoform film. During
one exposure the film was held at room temperature, while during the other the
temperature was raised by a stream of warm air. The respective slopes of the
H&D curves were 1. 6 and 2. 0. We have thus demonstrated that the slope of the
H&D curve can be increased by heating during exposure. The question of whether
such heating will affect photographic contrast during normal photographic exposure
still remains to be answered, however.
We wish to request an extension in time for completion of the present contract,
at no additional expense to the sponsor. The delay in the project has been caused
by a manpower shortage which we have not been able to remedy. One of the two
technicians employed on the project took a leave of absence during April and May
in order to complete the requirements for his Bachelor's degree. Instead of
returning to the project in June, as scheduled, he accepted a professional
position elsewhere. We have not been able to find a satisfactory replacement for
him as yet. At the present level of activity, we estimate that the project will be
completed by November 10, although an earlier date is possible should appropriate
personnel be found. The additional time requested will make it possible for us to
complete more satisfactorily the requirements of the present program with the
personnel now available.
Plans for July. The screening of dyes and evaluation of mixtures will be continued.
Quantitative work on the effect of temperature on exposure parameters will be
commenced.
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Contract No.
Task No. 02
Progress:ReportNo. 9
Covering the period May 1966
Financial Status
Amount Authorized . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Estimated_Expenditures thru 5/29/66
. Funds Committed . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Funds Remaining . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Technical Status
Attached is a technical progress report covering
.the period of May 1966.
-Distribution:
erchnIcal'Representative - three copies
Contracting : Off icer - two copies
File - one copy
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Progress Report #9
Photobleach Photography Phase II
May 1966
Evaluation of mixtures continued as the major effort in May. Formulations
based on Pinacyanol and Rose Bengal appeared very promising, showing
good color and sensitivity properties. It was eventually determined, however,
that Pinacyanol could not be completely fixed, as it has an inherent light
sensitivity. As a result, Pinacyanol films which had been heat locked after
exposure faded perceptibly when left in room light for a day or two. Work on
Pinacyanol has therefore been terminated, and the search for a good blue dye
reinstituted.
An apparatus has been built to investigate the variation of sensitivity of dye
films with temperature. An approach to the control of contrast based on the
temperature-sensitivity relationship has been formulated, and presented in
the proposal for Phase III of this project. Although the major effort on this
problem will be made during the next contract year, a brief attempt to
demonstrate the feasibility of the approach will be made in late June or July,
when the apparatus will be in operation.
Some photosensitive agents, which had not been previously tried, were tested
briefly. Pentabromoethane proved to be slower than carbon tetrabromide,
and hexachloroethane required ultraviolet exposure. Films were made up of
various dyes in Saran (polyvinylidenechloride) and in polyvinylchloride
(PVC), with the polymer serving as photosensitive agent. These films
bleached with ultraviolet light, with the Saran films more sensitive than the
PVC films. Some dyes proved stable to visible light in these films, while
others bleached in white light. The behavior of the dyes in these media, with
respect to wavelength sensitivity, was similar to that observed previously
with added photosensitive agents such as iodoform.
Plans for June. Screening of dyes will be continued with emphasis on blue
dyes having good color and sensitivity. Evaluation of mixtures will be
continued. Further work on flexible substrates and on Saran films will be
done, and the temperature studies will be initiated.
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Contract No.
Task Nd.
Progress Report N
Covering the period
. Funds Committed . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Funds Remaining . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Estimated-._Expenditures thru 4/30/66
Aorat1 1366
Financial Status
Amount Authorized . . . . . . . . . . . .
Technical Status
Attached is a technical progress report covering
.the period of April 1966.
1 June 1966
.-Distribution:
Tedhnxcal`Representative - three copies
Contracting Officer - two copies
.File - one copy
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Progress Report #8
Photobleach Photography Phase II
April 1966
The major effort during April was in the screening of dye-photosensitive
agent combinations. A large number of such systems were prepared and
run. Pinacyanol, a blue dye with good properties, was processed at the
end of the month. Pinacyanol gives a deep blue, with high optical density {
available in the wavelength range of 540 to 650 nm. Bleaching properties
are good, with an almost colorless product obtained in some examples.
Sensitivity is moderately high.
A second field of activity was in the use of vacuum during heat locking.
Several experiments were performed to seeif vacuum would increase the speed
of heat locking. Contradictory results were obtained. Further work on
this is necessary.
During the heat locking experiments, it was found that exposure of the slides
while warm would increase the photographic speed markedly. The potential
value of this observation lies in that it gives us the ability to vary the
sensitivity of a given material, and prabably the gamma, although this is by
no means certain as yet.
Plans for May
Mixtures of dyes based on Pinacyanol and Rose Bengal will be investigated.
Vacuum heat locking measurements will be continued. Apparatus will be .
designed and constructed for constant temperature exposures so as to measure
the variation of sensitivity with temperature quantitatively, and to determine
whether or not temperature variation is a feasible means for gamma control.
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Contract No.
Task No.
Progress Report No.
Covering the period March 1966
Financial Status
Amount Authorized . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Estimated, -Expenditures thru 4/3/66 . . . .
Funds Committed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Funds Remaining . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Attached is a technical progress report covering
the period of March 1966.
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.Distribution:
,Technical Representative - three copies
Contracting Officer - two copies
File - one copy
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Progress Report #7
Photobleach Photography Phase II
Several additional blue and black dyes have been screened during March, and
again there has been no discovery of a dye with outstanding properties.
Similarly, screening of polymers and solvent systems is continuing. As an
example of the polymer work, a polysulfone resin was investigated. The film
formed from this polymer had the interesting property of being readily peeled
off the glass support on which it was cast, resulting in a flexible, cohesive
film with moderately good optical properties.
A series of runs was made on the effect of concentration of Rose Bengal and
iodoform on quantum efficiency. The ratio of Rose Bengal and iodoform was
kept constant, but the concentration of the reactants on the polymer film was
varied. The light used was absorbed by the Rose Bengal only. The quantum
efficiency proved to be relatively independent of initial concentration except
at very low initial concentration, equivalent to optical density of 0. 7 or less.
For low concentrations, quantum efficiency was lower than at higher
concentrations.
A small vacuum oven was obtained for further heat locking experiments. The
experiments which had been reported previously were performed in a glass
apparatus that was inconvenient to manipulate and to regulate. Preliminary
results indicate that the new equipment may prove quite useful in these
experiments.
Plans for April
Screening of dyes and polymers is to be continued. Tests on heat locking
under vacuum will also be continued. Further effort in synthesis of a blue
derivative of Rose Bengal will be made.
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Contract No.
Task No.
Covering the period February 1966
Progress Report No.
Financial Status
Amount Authorized . . . . . . . . . . . .
Estimated Expenditures thru 2/27/66
Funds Committed . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Funds Remaining . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Technical Status
Attached is a technical progress report covering
the period of February 1966.
8 Apr 3.1-1-966
Distribution:
Technical Representative - three copies
Contracting Officer - two copies
File - one copy
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Progress Report #6
Photobleach Photography Phase II
February 1966
Several blue and black dyes have been screened for photoreactivity using
white light and also ultraviolet. Results so far have been disappointing in
that none of the dyes examined has shown any improvement in properties
over those already in use, such as Indophenol Blue. This screening is
being continued. In addition, screening of polymer and solvent systems
is continuing, both to provide further compatibility capability, and in the
hope of finding polymers that will act as sensitizers. Among the dyes
investigated were some interesting cyanine dyes with good color and
reactivity properties, but which were not sufficiently soluble in any of the
polymers we have yet used to make a dark film. Hence the need for
greater compatibility.
A comparison has been made of the quantum efficiency of the photoreaction
of Rose Bengal with iodoform and with CBr4. The measured quantum
efficiencies were essentially equal, when light absorbed by the dye alone
is used. This result is significant in that the transfer of energy from the
dye t6--the `photosensitive agent does not seem to depend on the bond strength
of the photosensitive agent.
An experiment was performed to see if loss of speed of the films on storage
is due to loss of residual solvent. Several identical films were made up,
and some were sealed into polyethylene bags. Rates of bleaching of the
fresh film, of film stored in the bags for a month, and films stored in the
customary box for a month were compared. The results indicate that
storage of these particular films in polyethylene results in about 25% less
loss in sensitivity. Other types of packaging and other types of films will
be investigated in the future.
Plans for March
Screening of dyes and polymers is, to be continued. In addition, a series
of runs is planned to determine the effect of local concentration (at constant
ratio of reactants) on sensitivity. Preparation of derivatives of Rose
Bengal which are expected to be blue will also be commenced.
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Task No. 02
Progress Report No. 5
Covering the period January 1966
Contract No.
Est imat ed~ Expenditures thru 1/30/66
Funds Remaining . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
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0
Technical Status
Attached is a technical progress report covering
the period ending 30 January 1966.
Distribution:
,,oPechnical Representative - three copies
Contracting Officer - two copies
.File- one copy
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Progress Report #5
Photobleach Photography Phase II
January 1966
The experiments described in the last report, on systems related to the dye
Rose Bengal in RJ-100, have been continued. Sensitivity measurements of
an improved formulation of Rose Bengal with iodoform in RJ-100 have shown
greater sensitivity than any previous dye formulations, together with a
relatively clean and uniform bleached color. The dependence of sensitivity
on iodoform concentration was found to be linear. Sensitivity decreased with
aging of the films. An experiment to determine whether packaging will
prevent this loss of sensitivity is under way.
Rose Bengal, in the polymer in which it had been tested initially, had proved
to be quite unsatisfactory. Therefore, other dyes which proved unsatisfactory
in that polymer are now being screened for effectiveness in RJ-100. In
particular, blue and black dyes are being examined, since these colors are
most needed. As yet, a really satisfactory blue dye (needed for a good
mixture) or black dye (to be used alone) has not been found, and a major
portion of, the effort for February will be expended in this direction.
Considerable experimentation using mixed solvents has taken place in order
to increase the number of dyes that can be put into the polymer. So far, the
solvents tried--benzene, ethanol, cellosolve, all in combination with THE--
have decreased the sensitivity of Rose Bengal as compared with films made
using THE alone. Other solvents will be tested in the future. In addition,
a search for other polymers giving similar results is continuing.
Some experiments on the effectiveness of vacuum in shortening heat locking
time were performed. The experiments indicated that the use of vacuum
will decrease the time and the temperature of heat locking considerably.
Optimum conditions have not yet been determined.
A meeting was held with the sponsor on January 28. It was mutually agreed
that an interim goal, consisting of a film with specified requirements some-
what less stringent than those desired ultimately, would be set for
achievement by the end of the current contract period. Tentative agreement
on the following interim requirements was reached at the meeting:
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1, A black starting material with Dmax at least 2. 0, which bleaches
to a material with a fairly uniform absorption in the visible
region with a neutral color and a Dmin of 0. 10 or less.
2. Sensitivity sufficient to permit a demonstrated capability of
producing a 4 x 5 contact print in not more than thirty seconds,
using a light source of less than 1100 watts power.
? 3. Resolution 200 lines/mm.
4. Latitude of 11 steps of a 21 step tablet.
5. Storage capability of one year before exposure, 6 months after
exposure.
A final specification of the interim requirements is to be provided by the sponsor,
after appropriate review.
It was pointed out at the meeting that achievement of goals 2, 3 and 4 have been
demonstrated with materials developed to date. The major problem is to find
is a combination of dyes that will fit the first requirement, that of proper color
and optical density, while retaining or improving the performance in the other
respects. The storage requirements obviously cannot be completely
demonstrated until a total of 18 months after choice of a final material, but
continuing tests should give an indication of the storage behavior of the materials
used. Finally, it is not known at present how gamma can be controlled in these
materials.
The discussion of sensitivity at the meeting led to general agreement as to the
inapplicability of ASA terminology to the photobleach materials. It is for this
reason that sensitivity requirements are to be stated in the pragmatic terms
of ability to perform a specific task under specified conditions rather than in
terms of ASA speeds. For the time being, where numerical sensitivities are
to be reported, they will be in terms of the photon sensitivity Sp 0. 1 defined in
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the final report (page 13) of the first year's program. Sp0. 1 is essentially
the ratio of the exposure needed to cause an initial optical density change of
0. 1 in a photobleach film to that needed to cause an initial optical density
change (above fog) of 0. 1 in a silver halide film of ASA = 1, gamma = 1 with
normal processing.
The desirability of flexible film supports and also of a printing paper were
made evident to us. We had planned to incorporate a small amount of work
? on these media into the program, but because of the sponsor's interest,
work on flexible supports and on paper will be given more emphasis than in
previous plans.
Plans for February
As noted above, the major effort is to be the continued screening of blue and
black dyes, for sensitivity to visible and to ultraviolet light. Experiments
with new polymers and with new combinations of solvents will continue. In
addition, a derivative of Rose Bengal that may be blue will be synthesized in
February or Maxch. Experiments on vacuum effects in heat locking will be
continued as time permits.
is
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 Approved For Rose 2005/06/23: CIA-RDP78B04770 8000300"37-9 0 -,?
25X1
Progress Report No. 4
Covering the period December 1965
i
Estimated-Expenditures thru 12/26/65 .
Funds Committed . . . . . . . . . . . .
Funds Remaining . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25X1
Technical Status
Attached is a technical progress report covering
the period ending 31 December 1965.
18 January 1966
Distribution:
g,,,-Technical Representative - three copies
Contracting Officer - two copies
File - one copy
25X1
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 Approved For Rlpse 2005/06/23: CIA-RDP78BO4770AI#800030037-0
Progress Report #4
Photobleach Photography Phase II
i
In the course of screening experiments, it was observed that a few dyes in a
hitherto untested polymer bleached at rates several times faster than in other
polymer matrices tried previously. This result is in contrast to our previous
results, which had shown only slight differences in bleaching rate between the
various polymers used. The effort in December was concentrated on the
exploration of the properties of the new polymer, Monsanto RJ-100, as they
affect the bleaching process.
Several interesting observations have been made. First, the effect is quite
selective. Some few dyes experience very large increases, as much as a
factor of four, in bleaching rate, while most do not seem to be affected. The
dyes affected by RJ-100 are, so far, not the fastest dyes examined previously,
but seem to have bleaching rates in RJ-100 approximately those of the fastest
previous dyes. Second, induction periods are observed in most cases. That
is, a short exposure leads instantaneously to a slight bleaching, but on
storage in the dark for several minutes, the bleaching proceeds further. This
effect makes quantitative evaluation of bleaching rate difficult and ambiguous.
For photographic purposes, the total bleaching caused by a given exposure is
more important than the instantaneous bleaching. To determine the total
bleaching as a function of exposure, the technique of moving the slide through
the light beam described in Report #3, September 1964 - Black & White Films,
is available. Readout can be accomplished at a series of times after the
completion of exposure. However, as pointed out previously, the accuracy of
this method is limited. Experiments, using this method, to study the factors
affecting the induction period as well as to give values for effective bleaching
rates have been started.
Plans for January
Further study of the effect of RJ-100 on bleaching, including study of the
mechanism of the process, further delineation of type of dye affected, possible
other polymers showing similar effects, and quantitative measurement of
bleaching rates, will continue. If time permits, the study of the use of
polyvinyl iodide as a multiplicative agent, discussed in the November report,
and postponed because of the discovery of the polymer effect described above,
will be started.
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 Approved For Rose 2005/06/23: CIA-RDP78B04770P 80003
25X1 Contract No.
S
25X1
Progress Report No. 3
Covering the period of November 1965
Financial Status
Amount Authorized . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Estimated-Expenditures thru 11/28/65 . . .
Funds Committed . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Funds Remaining . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Technical Status
Attached is a technical progress report covering
the period ending 30 November 1965.
Distribution:
Technical Representative - three copies
Contracting Officer - two copies
File - one copy
25X1
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 Approved For Rise 2005/06/23 : CIA-RDP78B04770A0800030037-0
Progress Report #3
Photobleach Photography Phase II
In trying to increase the quantum efficiency of the bleaching process, several
additives were tested. One of these, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, increased the rate
of bleaching of two dyes by about 20% and had little or no effect on two other
dyes, each of the dyes having been chosen as representative of a class of
dyes. Several related compounds were similarly tested, but mne.showed any
positive results. Other related compounds have been ordered and will be
tested as they become available.
is A new photosensitive agent, tetraiodomethane, has been tested, but as yet
seems to show no advantages over those previously used.
The mechanism studies indicate that the photobleaching is due to formation
of acid, which then reacts with dye. A photochemical reaction, the photolysis
of sodium azide, was found in the literature which results in the formation
of base, in this case NH3 and OH_. A film was made up using a dye which
bleaches in base, in addition to the photosensitive agent, sodium azide. The
film bleached when exposed to the strong 2537A Hg line, but not when exposed
only to longer wavelength radiation. This observation supports the mechanism
assignment, and also leads to a new photobleach process. The one dye
examined did not transfer energy to the azide, in the way that some dyes
transfer energy to iodoform in the "acid" photobleaching process. Further
experiments, using materials such as lead azide which are much more
photosensitive than sodium azide, and a variety of dyes, will determine
whether this process has any inherent advantages over that now being studied.
In addition to continuation of the work described above, and previously, a
start is to be made on a process for providing a multiplicative factor for the
efficiency of the bleaching process. This will involve the synthesis of
polyvinyl iodide, which is expected to undergo a photo-initiated chain reaction
releasing the acid HI. This material will be incorporated in a film separate
from the dye film, and will thus result in considerable advantages in the final
film in terms of freedom from a fixing step, and in cleaner whites.
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25X1
0
Progress Report No. 2
Covering the period through 31 October 1965
Financial Status
Amount Authorized . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Estimated -Expenditures thru 10/31/65 . . .
Funds Remaining . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25X1
0,
Technical Status
Attached is a technical progress report covering
the period ending 31 October 1965.
.Distribution:
technical Representative - three copies
Contracting Officer - two copies
-File - one copy
25X1
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 Approved For Rose 2005/06/23 : CIA-RDP78B04770A0800030037-0
Progress Report #2
Photobleach Photography Phase II
October 1965
Quantitative measurements on the rate of bleaching of methine dyes have been
continued. Measurements have been made using (a) white light, (b) mono-
chromatic light at the absorption peak of the dye, and (c) light at the absorption
peak of iodoform, at 362 mp, for each of several dyes. An action spectrum
was measured for one of these dyes.
Experiments on two methine dyes gave strong evidence for the existence of a
? complex between dye and iodoform. In these cases, films made up with dye
and iodoform were considerably lighter in color than expected from the dye
alone. They darkened on heating to drive off iodoform, and then bleached when
heated in iodoform vapor. None of the other dyes examined for this behavior
responded in the same way. The results, however, are significant in that they
demonstrate the formation of a complex, and may lead to a more detailed idea
of the nature of the complex.
A new photosensitive agent hexachloro cyclopentadiene (HCP) has been used.
HCP gives much less darkening in the visible region than does iodoform.
One quantitative run, however, indicated that this material led to fairly rapid
spontaneous reversal of the bleaching. Further work is planned to determine
whether this is a general feature of HCP photobleaching.
Several experiments were performed to determine whether an electric field
would increase the speed of photobleaching. The, field was applied by corona
charging the samples. There was no effect-on the rate of bleaching of any of
the samples tried.
Some experiments with the use of a flash system for exposure of films have
been made. A relatively low energy flash system has' been put together of
about 900 joule maximum flash energy. This is being used to look at the
performance of the films with flash exposure, and will be used later in studies
of resolution capability of the films.
Continuation of the quantitative studies of the methine dyes, and of attempts
to find a multiplicative process are planned. Studies of HCP, and similar
materials, which are designed to improve color of the bleached films, and
to increase quantum efficiency will also be continued.
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 25X1
25X1
25X1
0
Contract No.
Task No.
Progress Report No.
- evs - L Ie F : S4 e?1 /I'
se 2005/06/23 CIA-RDP78B04770A*800030037-0
Covering the period thru 30 September 1965
Financial Status
Amount Authorized . . . . . . . . . . . .
Estimated .Expenditures thru 10/3/6'5
Funds Committed . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Funds Remaining . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Technical Status
Attached is a technical progress report covering
the period ending 30 September 1965.
Dist ibution:
Technical Representative - three copies
Contracting Officer - two copies
File - one copy
25X1
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 Approved For Rise 2005/06/23: CIA-RDP78BO477OA46800030037-0
Progress Report #1
Photobleach Photography Phase II
September 1965
The effort during September has been on the mechanism of anthraquinone dye
bleaching, on quantitative measurements of methine dye bleaching, and on
miscellaneous experiments on new materials.
The experiments on the mechanism of anthraquinone dye bleaching consisted
of illuminating samples of dyes in films with CHI3 as photosensitive agent
? for successive short periods of time and obtaining absorption spectra after
each exposure. The same dyes in ethanol solution were treated with
successive small portions of concentrated hydrochloric acid, and again
absorption spectra were obtained. The initial, final and intermediate spectra
were similar in both cases, indicating that reaction with acid is responsible
for the bleaching process. Further, a completely bleached film was dissolved
off the slide, and sodium hydroxide added. The solution then changed color,
to the original color of the dye. This latter experiment was also successful
using indophenol blue, which is not an anthraquinone. It now seems reasonably
certain that the mechanism for anthraquinone dye bleaching involves
neutralization by strong acid formed from the photo decomposition of the
photosensitive agent. The next step in the study of these materials, therefore,
is to be a study of the feasibility of producing a chain reaction such that a
single photon will produce many molecules of acid.
? Some quantitative measurements have been made of the rate of bleaching of
several methine dyes. Calculations have not been completed. Spectral studies
have been started, similar to those described above for the anthraquinones.
The dye studied was bleached by acid, but the results were not as clear cut as
those in the anthraquinone case, due to overlap of the dye spectrum with that
of photo-darkened iodoform. These studies will be continued with photosensitive
agents absorbing further into the ultraviolet, so as to avoid this overlap
problem.
Some new photosensitive agents were tried, and proved too reactive in the dark
to be of interest. Diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl, a deeply--colored free radical, was
found to photobleach with iodoform, but was found to be too light sensitive
without iodoform in the film to be of interest.
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 Approved For RWse 2005/06/23 : CIA-RDP78BO4770AM800030037-0
Continuation of the work described above is planned. This will include work
on the multiplicative process for anthraquinones, and continuation of the
quantitative studies of the methine dyes.
?
0
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 Approved For *se 2005/06/23: CIA-RDP78B047700280009034t;' 7 3
25X1 Contract No.
Task No.
Progress Report No.
Covering the period tg
Financial Status
Amount Authorized . . . . . . . . . . . .
Estimated--Expenditures thru 3LO
Funds Committed . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Funds Remaining . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Technical Status
25X1
the period
Attached is a technical progress report covering
? Distribution:
Technical Representative
Contracting Officer - 141
File #
25X1
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 Progre::I- Repo ; z 71
Photobleach P: otograp ny Phase II
September 1965
The effort during September has been on the mechanism of anthraquinone dye
bleaching, on quantitative measurements of methine dye bleaching, and on
miscellaneous experiments on new materials.
The experiments on the mechanism of anthraquinone dye bleaching consisted
of illuminating samples of dyes in films with CHI3 as photosensitive agent
for successive short periods of time and obtaining absorption spectra after
each exposure. The same dyes in ethanol solution were treated with
successive small portions of concentrated hydrochloric acid, and again
absorption spectra were obtained. The initial, final and intermediate spectra
were similar in both cases, indicating that reaction with acid is responsible
for the bleaching process. Further, a completely bleached film was dissolved
off the slide, and sodium hydroxide added. The solution then changed color,
to the original color of the dye. This latter experiment was also successful
using indophenol blue, which is not an anthraquinone. It now seems reasonably
certain that the mechanism for anthraquinone dye bleaching involves
neutralization by strong acid formed from the photodecomposition of the
photosensitive agent. The next step in the study of these materials, therefore,
is to be a study of the feasibility of producing a chain reaction such that a
single photon will produce many molecules of acid.
Some quantitative measurements have been made of the rate of bleaching of
several methine dyes. Calculations have not. been completed. Spectral studies
have been started, similar to those described above for the anthraquinones.
The dye studied was bleached by acid, but the results were not as clear cut as
those in the anthraquinone case, due to overlap of the dye spectrum with that
of photo-darkened iodoform. These studies will be continued with photosensitive
agents absorbing further into the ultraviolet, so as to avoid"this overlap
problem.
Some new photosensitive agents were tried, and proved too reactive in the dark
to be of interest. Diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl, a deeply:colored free radical, was
found to photobleach with iodoform, but was found to be too light sensitive
without iodoform in the film to be of interest.
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 Approved For Fase 2005/06/23: CIA-RDP78B047704800030037-0
?
Continuation of the work described above is planned. This will include work
on the multiplicative process for anthraquinones, and continuation of the
quantitative studies of the methine dyes.
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 Approved For Rose 2005/06/23: CIA-RDP78BO4770V 800030037-0
Non-Reversible Color - Study
Progress Report No. 13
Estimated expenditures
thru 30 August 1965
?
Funds Remaining
The final technical report was submitted on
13 September 1965.
25X1
?
12/1 65
Distribution:
Technical Representative - three copies
File - one copy
25X1
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