REPORT ON THE FY-72 R&D PLANNING CONFERENCE 24-26 FEBRUARY 1971

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78B05171A000200010004-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 60
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 11, 2004
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: May 10, 1971
• Content Type: REPORT

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NPIC
Technical Services Group
Research & Engineering Division
ID May 1971
REPORT ON THE FY-72 R&D PLANNING CONFERENCE
24-26 February 1971
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Submitted by:
Approved by:
Approved by: ~
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NPIC
Technical Services Group
Research & Engineering Division
10 May 1971
Report on the FY-72 R&D Planning Conference
Table of Contents
I NTRODUCTI ON:
i - iii. Initiating Memoranda
iv. Agenda
v. List of Attendees
PART I: Narrative of the Requirements Input Session
PART II: Preliminary FY-72 R&D Project List
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NPIC/TSG/RED-20-71
U1971
MEMORANDUM FOR: Chief, Technical Services Group, NPIC
SUBJECT FY-72 R&D Planning Conference
1. RED proposes to convene the subject conference at the '
on 24-26 February. The primary purpose of the conference is to provide
RED managers with an opportunity to devote concerted effort toward the
preparation of the FY-72 R&D Program. Consequently, the primary attendees
will be the Chief, Deputy, Special Assistant, and Branch Chiefs, RED.
2. In order to be sure that the forthcoming FY-72 R&D Plan is
responsive to the Center's R&D needs, we also propose to invite represen-
tatives from appropriate elements of the Center to attend the first day
and brief the conference on their respective R&D requirements.
3. With your approval, and prior to making final arran ements for
this conference, we suggest that this plan be discussed with
for his comments and support.
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Chief, Research Engineering Division,
Distribution:
Original - Addressee
1 - TSG/RED
2 - TSG/RED/SA
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NPIC/TSG/RED-26-71
17 February 1971
SUBJECT FY-72 R&D Planning Conference
1. The subject planning conference is being convened by RED with
approval by the Executive Director at the during the period
2. In order to collect and coordinate the requirements for the
FY-72 R&D program, representatives from other Center components are
requested to attend the first day to present their respective R&D needs.
One representative from each of the following components is requested.
a. PPBS
b. SS
c . PEG
d. PSG
e. TSG/APSD
f. TSG/ESD
g. IAS
3. These representatives are requested to arrive at the
by 1800 hours on 23 February in time for supper and to depart after supper
on the evening of 24 February. Their respective R&D requirements will be
presented through informal briefings during the day of 24 February.
4. Names of each of the representatives should be telephoned to
I I no later than COB Monday, 22 February 1971.
Similarly, any questions regarding the subject conference should be
addressed to him.
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Chief, Research & Engineering Division, TSG
Distribution:
1 - ExDir/NPIC
1 - NPIC/PPBS
1 - NPIC/SS
1 - NPIC/TSG
1 - NPIC/IEG
1 - NPIC/PSG
1 - NPIC/TSG/ESD
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1 - IAS
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NPIC/TSG/RED-28-71
1 19 7B1
MEMORANDUM FOR: Distribution List
SUBJECT FY-72 R&D Planning Conference Objectives and Guidelines
1. The subject conference is for the purpose of developing a sound
FY-72 R&D Program--one that is responsive to policy and requirements,
and that is innovative and coherent. In the process of developing this
information, personnel involved in the conference should expect to gain
understanding of the operational/support interface and functions--and
those within RED should expect to gain appreciation of the assigned and
assumed roles of each of their fellow managers.
2. In preparation for the conference, each of the personnel repre-
senting components with potential R&D requirements should be able to
present the general R&D requirements picture of his respective component
and also be able to assess and discuss proposals for R&D support suggested
by RED conference members.
3. RED personnel and others, where appropriate, attending the con-
ference should be familiar with the NPIC 5-Year Plan, the FY-71 Catalog
of R&D Projects, general technological forecasts, specific pending require-
ments, and innovative concepts arising from their respective branches.
The C/RED will provide guidelines concerning the anticipated significance
of EOI and possibly other major program areas.
Ch lei, e rc ngineering Division, TSG
Attachment:
FY-72 R&D Planning Conference Agenda
Distribution:
1 - ExDir/NPIC
1 - NPIC/PPBS
1 - NPIC/SS
1 - NPIC/TSG
1 - NPIC/IEG
1 - NPIC/PSG
1 - IAS
1 - NPIC/TSG/ESD
1 - NPIC/TSG/APSD
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TSG/RED
FY-72 R&D Planning Conference
23-26 February 1971
AGENDA
23 February
1800-1900
1900-
24 February
0800-0900
0900-1000
1000-1100
1100-1300
1300-1+00
14oo-15oo
1500-1600
1600-1630
1630-1730
18oo-i9oo
1900-
1900-
25 February
0800-1000
1000-1200
1200-1300
1300-1700
18oo-i9oo
1900-
26 February
0800-1200
1200-1300
1300-1500
1500-1700
Arrival Day
SUPPER
Get Acquainted
18 February 1971
Requirements Presentations
Technological Forecast
PPBS - SS Inputs
IAS Input/Discussion
LUNCH
IEG Input/Discussion
PSG Input/Discussion
TSG/APSD Input/Discussion
TSG/ESD Input/Discussion
SUMMARY
SUPPER
Input Group Departure
Get Acquainted
REVIEW, EVALUATE, INNOVATE
Review Previous Plans and Requirements
Evaluate
LUNCH
Refine, Innovate Develop New Concepts and Approaches
SUPPER
Reassessment
Compile Preliminary FY-72 R&D Program Plan
Develop Project Lists and Cost Estimates
LUNCH
Prioritize
Rough out Program Plan
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NPIC
Technical Services Group
Research & Engineering Division
10 May 1971
REPORT ON THE FY-72 R&D PLANNING CONFERENCE
PART I: Requirements Input Session
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NPIC/TSG/RED
FY-72 R&D Planning Conference
24-26 February 1971
PART I: Requirements Input Session
On 24 February 1971, the FY-72 R&D Planning Conference was convened
by TSG/RED and included various representatives from NPIC components
which provide or influence R&D requirements. Following is a summary of
the presentations and discussions held during the Requirements Input
Session:
The session was opened with a brief welcome and presentation of the
agenda by
then explained the purpose of the conference and
particularly the first day's session, which was to surface and discuss
the NPIC R&D requirements for FY-72. He said there is to be a report
on this portion of the meeting and that, prior to publishing it, each
attendee will be contacted and given an opportunity to go over the con-
tents.
then presented a Technical Forecast Briefing, a long-range
forecast (15 years) designed for and originally given to the CIA committee
studying concepts for a new NPIC building. This was essentially a means
of providing initial stimulus to the planning conferees.
PPBS PRESENTATION
The first NPIC component to make a presentation was PPBS. During the
briefing and subsequent discussion, the following points were made.
Money is tight-- has been officially deducted from the FY-72 R&D
budget and additional cu s are possible.
Contracted studies (e.g., systems and procedures-type efforts) will
be harder to sell than in the past; some external support may be needed,
but proposals for in-house studies will generally be received more
favorably. R&D projects justification, in general, will become more
tough. One good sales point--in view of the budget and T/0 pressures--
is efficiency, but we have to be careful when we invoke the efficiency
argument; it should be proven, preferably quantitatively.
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NPIC/TSG/RED
PART I: Requirements Input Session
The following four of the eight R&D project categories were identi-
fied as those currently most susceptible to hard scrutiny by management:
1. Imagery Interpretation Process Research
2. Imagery Information Technology
5. Reproduction
6. Mensuration
It was mentioned that time constraints sometimes limit the defini-
tion of requirements; however, PPBS feels that it is important to properly
and explicitly outline problems before proceeding toward solutions. The
efficacy of a quasi-formal mechanism to gather this type of information
was discussed. One suggestion was to establish an operational systems
analysis group which would decide when a formal study was needed and
charge someone with that specific responsibility. There was discussion
on possible mechanisms for accomplishing this; it was generally agreed
that close accountability for specific actions was necessary from analysis
to implementation.
Another view, brought up by PPBS, was that the system should not be
overly formalized, that the requisite official mechanisms already exist,
and that the initial impetus should be generated internally within the
operating group bearing the brunt of the problem, rather than from a
separate group. Such analyses are an important means of educating our
own people. It was questioned whether personnel can be spared for the
time needed to obtain the necessary expertise to perform systems analysis.
PPBS offered the view that what is required is a healthy mix of contrac-
tual and in-house work--given operational and skills constraints, as
much of this type of work as possible should be performed in-house.
Considerable discussion was concerned with the definition of the
various types of "system analysis" needed for evaluating requirements
for R&D support. The R&D people proposed that the following three
types were pertinent:
a. Problem Definition. A study to establish the bounds and
nature of the problem. Such a study is assumed to be the responsi-
bility of the component having the problem. While assistance from
other NPIC elements and/or outside contractors may be required,
most of this work could be performed in-house provided appropriate
dedicated manpower is available.
b. Operational Analysis. A study to define the significance
of the problem to related operations and the estimated cost and
efficiency trade-offs of the more promising candidate solutions.
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PART I: Requirements Input Session
Although such analyses can also be performed in-house, it generally
requires inputs from analysts who are trained in behaviorial science,
engineering (both scientific and industrial), and operations research.
c. Operational Implementation Analysis. A study to define
specific elements of the most promising alternative solutions includ-
ing their operation, physical description, installation, and integra-
tion into related systems. The relative cost, complexity, time-to-
installation, and pay-off characteristics for each system are
specifically described and scientifically validated. Performance of
these studies is generally limited to experienced operations or systems
analysts who have an appropriate technology base.
There was considerable discussion on the related definitions but the
R&D people wanted to make the point that misunderstandings frequently come
about regarding in-house capabilities to perform system analysis because
the above are often confused.
SUPPORT STAFF PRESENTATION
Unlike Headquarters, there has been a continual decline in the utiliza-
tion of the centralized building planning function of the Support Staff;
as a result of this function being performed on a local basis, some of
the information concerning building alterations has not been provided to
the central plans kept by the Support Staff. Similarly there has been a
loss of standardization in the process of effecting building alterations.
There is now an effort to provide up-to-date schematics of the building
which are intended to correct this situation and also be an aid in long-
range future planning.
TSG/APSD PRESENTATION
The APSD presentation consisted of a brief survey of the Division's
functions and a short description of major projects underway. Two main
areas of activity were described: Image Evaluation, including color
evaluations, image manipulation techniques, subjective analysis, and
EOI preparations; and Photogrammetry, including the relation to ADP and
EOI preparations. In the area of Image Evaluation, several projects
concerned with objective evaluations were mentioned, along with reference
to current and proposed funding levels. The increased need for ADP was
mentioned,as well as certain micro-D programs which are, or soon will be,
on-line.
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PART I: Requirements Input Session
In the area of subjective analysis, reference was made to the
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Image Evaluation Project now underway, and to APSD work with RED on
Subjective Color Image Evaluation Proposals. It was noted that APSD has
funds to purchase an image comparison microstereoscope in FY-72. Most
of the Division's FY-72 money for an Image Enhancement Facility has just
been cut, but other work in image enhancement is progressing well.
APSD preparations for EOI are concentrated on electronic training
courses. Four photoscientists and three photogrammetrists are currently
taking correspondence courses in electronics.
In connection with the Division's work in photogrammetry, it was
noted that APSD is the largest single user of the AID Open Shop Fortran
capability: over 70 APSD programs are now on file.
Photogrammetric preparations for EOI are based on studies of possi-
ble blems in the mensuration of electronically recorded images. Work
withro as cited.
The Division feels it has little current need for RED support. It
is happy with the better relations that have developed between the two
Divisions in the last couple of years. APSD hopes to continue this
cooperation. APSD areas of particular current interest to the Division
are: (1) applications of microdensitometry to mensuration and the
analysis of imagery to determine acquisition system performance; (2)
the ATB/HFS Image Evaluation Program under contract with and (3)
comprehensive analytical techniques for DP evaluation, such as he DP
Evaluation Handbook proposed to APSD by I Corporation.
The need for support with respect to EOI is not yet definable.
TSG/ESD PRESENTATION
The ESD presentation consisted of a fairly specific list of require-
ments for equipment development and study. For Light Source Measurements,
there are needs for a Photometer/Radiometer to use for the High Intensity
Tracking Light Source color measurement; a Spectroradiometer capable of
DV measurement; and a State-of-the-Art Photometer (the Weston meter is
developing stability and reliability problems).
Continued R&D is needed in the field of Viewing System Efficiency
Measurement. In the area of Mensuration, the Division needs a Calibrated
Two-Axis Grid for T&E. In film processing, there is need for a device to
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PART I: Requirements Input Session
measure film tension in a dynamic mode. Test and evaluation of heat pro-
cessing machines for dry materials will require instrumentation for measur-
ing heat transfer, uniformity, etc., independent of the material to be
processed. Color Targets will be required for the test and evaluation of
color processing equipment. Requirements for work with
include a need for better definition of areas in which we are human-limited,
and consideration of radiation hazards throughout the electromagnetic
spectrum.
PSG PRESENTATION
In the PSG presentation, requirements, current projects, and problems
were keyed to Group components.
The Research and Reference Division, together with RED, has an on-
going materials handling study which deals, among other things, with
film handling techniques and the upgrading of microfiche.
The Reprographics Division photo lab is interested in any dry pro-
cessing developments that could be adapted to their needs--the high-speed
roll-film, dry silver processor was mentioned as a possibility here. The
problems associated with reproduction from DP's versus DN's II and the
relative degradation of various generations of films were discussed at
length without developing a consensus.
A Step and Repeat Printer design study is underway that will result
in a set of specifications. This was judged to be of interest to the
community as well.
The photo lab also needs a print straightener to accommodate prints
of 30" widths. The commercial 10" model is too small and the 30" plus
dryer previously developed for the lab by TSG/RED does not work.
Relative to color printing, the requirement for color reproductions
is still unqualified, thereby making it most difficult to determine
whether we have an adequate capability for the future. Developmental
assistance may be required when requirements are defined.
Probably the most difficult area of reports production in RD/Publi-
cations Branch is the preparation of tabular information. Assistance in
this area is needed and welcomed. However, it was stated that in-house
studies concerning types of tables will first be required before addressing
tabular equipment development. Initial studies have been accomplished in
RD/PB.
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PART I: Requirements Input Session
PSG/Automated Information Division would like RED's assistance in
the area of remote station emanation and shielding problems. RED asked
for a written problem definition of this requirement.
IAS PRESENTATION
In the IAS presentation it was noted that an NPIC capability to
reproduce exploitation quality DP film chips, as with a step and repeat
printer, is especially desirable. The continued pursuit of high quality
dry-processed duplicating materials and equipment, particularly of the
positive-to-positive type, was also encouraged. Pending the successful
completion of R&D in these areas, IAS plans a back-up capability through
the purchase of off-the-shelf dry-process printing and processing devices
for use with diazo materials.
Other R&D items of potential benefit to IAS include a high intensity
light source (for use with Advanced Stereo Rhomboids), the Image Compari-
son Microstereoscope, and the Wide Field High Power Anamorphic Stereoviewer.
They have only marginal interest in rear projection viewing systems, but
are concerned with the vibration problems in
During further discussion of the Center's plans for DP and DN repro-
duction in the future, it was noted that IAS will receive only one copy
of most coverage (plus supplemental copies of selected areas and
target complexes). IAS plans to continue rendering its roll DP's into
chips or frame-segments for convenience in analysis and filing.
IEG PRESENTATION
The IEG presentation began with a description of the new Group organi-
zation. It was said that the new contact for the color program will pro-
bably be was reassigned to the position of
Branch Chie in e cien i is Division. He will work with until
he becomes sufficiently proficient to assume these responsibilities.
The IEG requirements for FY-72 R&D support are recorded by the
following outline and three supplementary attachments.
I. FY-72 Equipment Requirements
1. 40" x 40" Electrostatic Boards
2. Quick-Copy Cameras with an 8" x 10" format and capable of
30X and 50X enlargements.
3. Direct Visual Stereo Registration Rhomboids.
4. A simplified equivalent of the Image Comparison Microstereoscope
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PART I: Requirements Input Session
5. Map Holders for the 1510 light tables. Film Cutter/Splicers.
II. FY-72 Procedural Related Studies
1. An NPIC Task Team is examining the Center requirements for
text processing. IEG will reserve its position until completion
of this study.
2. Study of audio readout--perhaps along with image transmission,
recording, and viewing to reduce paperwork and speed up let phase
exploitation. (See Attachments I and II)
3. Study of material handling problems. IEG will wait to see out-
come of PSG study.
III. FY-72 Human Factors Requirements
IEG proposed the establishment of two PI environmental test areas:
one in a Geographic Division and one in a substantive Division. These
test work areas would be used to develop an optimized environment.
Various concepts regarding lighting, acoustics, and equipment/space
relationships would be tested. (See Attachment III)
IV. FY-72 Photogrammetry Requirements
1. The adaptability of the HPSC Calibration Device for use with
other PHD comparators should be studied.
2. Study the principle of the automatic pointing capability of the
HPSC calibration device for use in instrument pointing on con-
tinuous tone imagery.
3. Investigate what can be done to modify our present comparators to
permit use of different colored filters with the present light
source.
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NPIC/TSG/RED ATTACHMENT I
PART I: Requirements Input Session May 1971
IEG PROPOSAL: AUDIO READOUT
It is believed that considerable time might be saved if 1st phase
reporting were accomplished without resort to writing. Recording tape
and audio storage devices should be tested. Audio reporting might pro-
vide the following advantages:
a. Permit the PI to record his read-out as he is looking at
the imagery. A throat mike could be used.
b. Permit rapid (on demand) playback to check his report while
he is viewing the image.
c. Permit audio corrections where required.
d. Permit the PIs to work with subdued room lighting.
At the present time, PIs must have room light on because they
must write their report. Bright room lights degrade the PIs viewing
capability. They cause the iris of his eye to close down at the very
time his image interpretation task requires more light. (It is some-
what comparable to driving a car at night with the interior lights on;
the driver's vision is impaired.)
e. Permit rapid transmission of the recorded and checked report
to an audio storage device, where a supervisor can play back and approve
the report before he transmits it to a second audio storage device.
This would be the "input station" where the audio recording would be
typed into text for automatic data base input.
f. Permit rapid transmission of audio intelligence information
and correlated imagery directly to a crisis management authority or
other high level control point.
Advantages:
1. Speed up 1st phase reporting. This would allow fewer PIs to
handle more imagery. It would also speed up the report handling process.
2. Increase PI efficiency by permitting him to:
a. Report while he is looking at his image.
b. Maintain ideal room lighting while he is performing his
imagery analysis.
3. Be more compatible with. follow-on exploitation systems.
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IEG PROPOSAL: AUDIO READOUT (Cont'd)
Possible Problems to be Explored in the Test Phase:
1. Can a system be developed which permits the PI to record his
findings in the desired sequence for ultimate transformation into textual
material for data base input?
2. How rapidly can a PI transition from writing his report to talk-
ing his report. Will errors be a problem and, if so, can anything be
done to solve this problem?
3. Can a supervisor learn to rapidly sign-off on an audio report
instead of the usual written report.
4. What intercommunication system will be required between the PI
station and a supervisor's clearing house or control station.
5. Will a system for image transmission be required? (See sugges-
tion for an Image Transmission and Viewing System)
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NPIC/TSG/RED ATTACHMENT II
PART I: Requirements Input Session May 1971
IEG PROPOSAL: IMAGE TRANSMISSION & VIEWING SYSTEM (TTVS)
If the lst phase reporting operation is to be substantially speeded
up, many of the time consuming steps presently taken must be eliminated.
One possible approach requiring test and evaluation is an audio readout
capability (see attached proposal). To be more effective, particularly
in a crisis management situation, audio readout must be combined with a
good intercommunication system and an image transmission and viewing system.
It is proposed that closed circuit TV be investigated for such utilization.
It is visualized that such a system would permit the transmission of PI
selected images, at selected magnifications and composition, directly
from the PI station to a control station and to a higher authority.
Advantages:
a. It would permit the PI to transmit critical imagery which
is correlated with the audio readout.
b. Permit rapid coordination regarding the selection of intel-
ligence information for priority handling for cables, black book items,
or audio-visual transmissions to a higher echelon control center or
national crisis management center.
Possible Problems to be Explored in the Test Phase:
1. Can a device be developed which will:
a. Permit the transmission of a high fidelity image from
a duplicate positive to a remote station for viewing?
b. Permit the PI to transmit an image which he manipulates
with regard to composition and enlargement factors.
c. Can the transmitted image be stored at a number of remote
receiving stations and correlated with the proper audio report when
the remote control station is ready to review the report?
d. Can the stored image be viewed at the remote control station
and discussed via an intercom link between the remote station and
the PI station?
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NPIC/TSG/RED ATTACHMENT III
PART I: Requirements Input Session
Problem Definition
May 1971
There is a lack of unanimity regarding what constitutes an ideal PI
work environment. It is possible that a different environment is best
for 1st phase and 3rd phase type activity. It is possible that a PI team
handling manned system reconnaissance imagery requires a different work
environment. We must explore this question and arrive at sound work
decisions, based on first hand experience. The answer to these questions
should be available when plans for a new building are drafted.
Proposal
It is proposed that at least two work areas in IEG be designated as
PI environmental test areas.
One work area should be in a Geographic Division and another should
be in one of the substantive Divisions, where most of the 3rd phase work
is done.
The working conditions in these test areas can be varied at intervals
to test certain concepts. Work conditions can be optimized to provide
the most desirable lighting, acoustics, and equipment/space allocation.
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NPIC
Technical Services Group
Research & Engineering Division
10 May 1971
REPORT ON THE FY-72 R&D PLANNING CONFERENCE
PART II: Preliminary FY-72 R&D Project List
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FY-72 R&D Planning Conference Report
Part II: Preliminary FY-72 R&D Project List
7 May 1971
As a result of the FY-72 R&D Planning Conference and on the basis
of the Requirements Input Session, TSG/RED has compiled a preliminary
list of proposed R&D projects for FY-1972. This list is preliminary
and is intended to form the basis for a continuing dialog between TSG/RED
and the related operational and managerial components within the Center.
The objective of this dialog is to refine the FY-72 R&D Program into
the most responsive, timely, and well-coordinated R&D Program prepared
at NPIC to date.
The Preliminary FY-72 R&D Project List is organized within the
standard NPIC R&D Categories as follows:
Item Number. Project Title
a. Type of Development, (follow-on or new) Nominating Element
b. Elements Served; Directly, "D" or Indirectly, "I"
(COM stands for Community)
c. Brief project requirement and description statement.
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FY-72 Preliminary Listings 22 June 1971
NPIC/TSG/RED
Recon. Sys. Branch Advan. Tech. Branch Systems Res. Branch Systems Dev. Br
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NPIC/TSG/RED
FY-72 Preliminary R&D Project List
I. Imagery Interpretation Research
1. RPV Screen Evaluation
a. Engineering Development (F.O.) ATB/HRS
b. TSG/RED/D, IEG/I, COM/I
c. This effort is required to provide the capability for timely
and systematic operational assessment of new rear projection screen
materials now under development.
2. Illumination/Magnification Effects on Mensuration
a. Engineering Development (New) ATB/HFS
b. IEG/PHD/D, TSG/RED/D, COM/I
c. This study is one in a series of efforts to improve the abso-
lute accuracy of mensuration. The proposed effort will seek to deter-
mine optimum magnification levels to be employed in conjunction with
various combinations of wave lengths and intensity of illumination
for black and white and color imagery.
3. Calibrated Test Imagery
a. Engineering Development (New) ATB/HFS
b. TSG/RED/D, TSG/APSD/D, IEG/I, COM/I
c. This effort is required to produce standardized test imagery
to be used in the evaluation of: (1) PI performance under various
tasks, and (2) the influence of new techniques, procedures, material
or equipment on this performance.
4. Manipulated Imagery Intelligence Value Study
a. Engineering Development (New) ATB/HFS
b. TSG/RED/D, TSG/APSD/I, IEG/I, COM/I
c. As various image manipulation techniques are developed to a
point that they may be applied to operational imagery, it is necessary
to assess their effects on intelligence extraction.
5. Photographic Emulsion Intelligence Value Study
a. Engineering Development (New) ATB/HFS
b. TSG/RED/D, TSG/APSD/D, IEG/I, COM/I
c. The continuing development of new photographic emulsions for
the acquisition and duplication of imagery necessitates their assess-
ment in terms of efficiency and intelligence yield for NPIC imagery
exploitation processes.
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NPIC/TSG/RED
FY-72 Preliminary R&D Project List
I. Imagery Interpretation Research
6. Imagery Interpretation Research SOA Review
a. Engineering Development (F.O.) ATB/HFS
b. TSG/D, IEG/I, COM/I
c. This effort is required to maintain up-to-date knowledge of
the behavioral sciences as they relate to improving imagery exploita-
tion techniques, procedures, and equipment design criteria.
7. Advanced PI Equipment Design Study
a. Advanced Development (F.O.) ATB/HFS
b. TSG/RED/D, IEG/D, COM/I
c. Many of the current exploitation equipments were developed on
the basis of existing concepts not necessarily specific for the
exploitation of imagery. Improvements of these concepts are approach-
ing their practical limits. This effort is required to establish
new, operator/task-oriented design concepts for exploitation equip-
ment which are based directly on NPIC activities.
8. In-House Psychophysics Research Support
a. Advanced Development (F.O.) ATB/HFS
b. TSG/RED/D, IEG/I, COM/I
c. Requirements at NPIC and at NPIC contractors for psychophysical
testing and evaluation of new techniques, procedures, materials and
equipment exceed the manpower available in-house. Contractual support
and consultation is required to assist in performing these evaluations.
Examples are: manipulated imagery, color imagery, unconventional
imagery, and Imagery Interpretation Research Program Review.
9. Experimental Design Support
a. Engineering Development (New) ATB/HFS
b. TSG/RED/D, NPIC/I, COM/I
c. This task is needed in order to provide professional support
in the design and analysis of experiments being performed at NPIC to
evaluate the performance of new techniques, procedures, materials,
and equipment. This support will assure that experiment design, data
collection, and analysis will provide valid and reliable results.
10. Operational Personnel Test Program
a. Engineering Development (New) ATB/HFS
b. IEG/D, TSG/I, COM/I
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NPIC/TSG/RED
FY-72 Preliminary R&D Project List
I. Imagery Interpretation Research
c. The growing complexity of imagery characteristics and read-
out requirements and the limitations on the operational personnel
complement require more specific means for evaluating prospective
employees. Refinement of current test batteries to assist in the
employee selection process is the objective of this project.
11. Stereo Height Measurement Training
a. Engineering Development (New) ATB/HFS
b. IEG/PHD/D, COM/I
c. Past research within PED has pointed to the need to train
photogrammetrists in stereo height measurement techniques. The
proposed effort would provide such training, possibly in the form
of self-administered training packages.
12. Target Recognition Training Program
a. Engineering Development (F.O.) ATB/HFS
b. IEG/D; TSG/RED/I, COM/I
c. Previous analysis indicated the need to improve target
recognition and identification capabilities of geographic photo-
interpreters. This is a continuing effort to establish self-instruction
training packages for the most pertinent target categories.
13. Color Stereo Test Development
a. Advanced/Engineering Development (New) ATB/HFS
b. IEG/D, TSG/RED/D, COM/I
c. This test is to furnish the Center with a production version
of a color stereo test currently under development. The test will be
employed in personnel selection and stereo equipment evaluation. At
present, there is no test material suitable for such evaluation.
1I-. Image Quality/PI Performance Correlation Analysis
a. Exploratory Development (F.O.) ATB/HE'S
b. TSG/APSD/D, TSG/RED/D, IEG/I, COM/I
c. The current study to identify key physical parameters of
images and correlate to photo interpretation performance is limited
to the use of original negative material. The proposed study is
intended to expand this effort by employing dupe positive film. The
effort will be phased to dovetail with work currently underway to
provide requisite basic microdensitometric data on dupe positive
material. The overall program helps satisfy the basic requirement
3
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NPIC/TSG/RED
FY-72 Preliminary R&D Project List
I. Imagery Interpretation Research
to develop both objective and subjective assessments of image quality,
data from which can be applied to improving current acquisition
system capabilities.
15. Subjective Color Image Quality Assessment
a. Engineering Development (New) ATB/HFS
b. TSG/RED/D, TSG/APSD/D, IEG/I, SS/TB
c. Responsibility to provide color imagery readout and assess-
ment of color imagery for future mission programming requires that
NPIC be adequately prepared to perform both of these functions. Con-
tinuing efforts are required to refine assessment criteria and develop
training methods for color imagery exploitation.
16. PI Environmental Test Area
a. Engineering Development (New) ATB/HFS
b. IEG/D, IAS/D
c. Requirement stated by IEG reps at FY-72 R&D Planning Conference.
There is a requirement to determine the characteristics of the ideal
PI work environment for both lst and 3rd phase type activity. It is
proposed that two work areas in IEG be designated as PI environmental
test areas, one in a Geographic Division and one in one of the sub-
stantive Divisions. The working conditions in these areas will be
varied at intervals to test certain concepts to determine the best
illumination and acoustical conditions and equipment/space allocations
for IEG PI operations.
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NPIC/TSG/RED
FY-72 Preliminary R&D Project List
II. Imagery Information Technology
1. Automated Page Composition Device
a. Engineering Development (F.O.) SRB
b. PSG/D, COM/I
c. This is a requirement to alleviate the current manual method
of composing page by "cutting and pasting" printed material. This
device would result in an operational system for composing report
pages before they are printed.
2. TID Improvement Program
a. Engineering Development (F.O.) SRB
b. PSG/D, TSG/APSD/D, COM/D
c. Engineering modifications to the existing TID (Mechanical,
optical, electronics, and software) are required to make it more
reliable and more consistently accurate. It may also be appropriate,
at this time, to add the capability of the TID to handle different
film formats and to incorporate the power spectrum (image quality)
capability.
3. Non Computerized Information Handling Study
a. Advanced Development (F.O.) SRB
b. PSG/D
c. Requirement is to improve equipment and procedures in hand-
ling large volumes of collateral information not feasible for computer
storage. This will be Phase II of the project consisting of genera-
ting specific designs for equipments to be developed if any are
required.
4. Related Intelligence Data Automation
a. Exploratory Development (New) SDB
b. IEG/I, IAS/I, AID/I, DDI/I, COM/I
c. The requirement for this project is the need to extract as
much information as possible from imagery. This project was pro-
posed by an independent consultant T_ I formerly with
The proposal is to develop a process for automated
interaction between the computer data base and the interpreter/
analyst to supplement his intellectual skills by rapidly performing
the correlation and modelling of observed activities, cueing colla-
teral information, and predicting the implications of these observa-
tions. This project has been discussed with expressed interest
from NPIC personnel.
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NPIC/TSG/RED
FY-72 Preliminary R&D Project List
II. Imagery Information Technology
5. First Phase Verbal Reporting Study
a. Exploratory Development (New) SDB
b. IEG/D
c. Requirement expressed by IEG reps at FY-72 R&D Conference.
To develop a system for the PI to orally record his thoughts as he
interprets imagery. Provide a means for transferring this to hold
storage and signal Branch or Division Chief when the information is
ready.
6. Photo & Audio Recording/Reporting System
a. Exploratory Development (New) SDB
b. IEG/I
c. Requirement expressed by IEG at FY-72 R&D Conference. Develop
a method (closed circuit TV or photo) for a PI to record a picture of
a site of the imagery on his light table and also record his oral
description for future briefings or situation reports.
7. Film Check-Out and Locator System
a. Engineering Development (New) SDB
b. PSG/D, IEG/I, COM/I
c. This is required to control the limited copies of Imagery
and make them available to maximum number of people. Deve op a system
of checking out cans of film so that their locations are known at all
times. Use badges, IBM cards, or credit type cards to check cans in
and out.
8. Frame/Target Locator Device
a. Engineering Development (New) SDB
b. IEG/I, IAS/I, COM/I
c. This is required to relieve the PI of the tedious task of
looking through entire rolls for one frame. Develop a device which
can be attached to light tables and viewers and which can count frames
in 450` rolls of film--when it is at the appropriate frame, the device
will move the optics to the X and Y position of the target.
9.. Multiple-Channel Interactive Audio system
a. Engineering Development (New) SDB
b. IE G/I, IAS/I
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NPIC/TSG/RED
FY-72 Preliminary R&D Project List
II. Imagery Information Technology
c. This system is required to insure that all and only perti-
nent facts about a target are covered by the interpreter. Develop
a system that would question the PI on what he sees at a selected
site, record his answer, and provide a means of composing a verbal
report. It will also give the PI an opportunity to recall previous
editions of tape records to use for comparison in evaluating the
site.
l0. Fold Machine For PI Reports
a. Engineering Development (New) SDB
b. PSG/RD/D
c. Requirement expressed by PSG at FY-72 R&D Conference.
Investigate the types of folding machines that are available off-
the-shelf. Modify a multiple fold machine to aid in the NPIC report
production cycle.
11. Pre-Drafting Machine--Line Drawing
a. Engineering Development (New) SDB
b. PSG/RD/D
c. This is required to improve the output in graphics work.
Investigate the types of pre-drafting machines in use in the mapping
and drafting industry. Modify off-the-shelf equipment to assist
in some of the tedious tasks in graphic work such as zip-a-tone,
stick-up, etc.
12. Anti-Vibration Device
a. Exploratory Development (New) SDB
b. RED/D, IEG/I, IAS/I, COM/I
c. High resolution imagery requiring high magnification view-
ing has posed a vibration problem. Investigate, design, and develop
a vibration tuner for light tables. This could be used to set up a
certain vibration in the table to cancel the externally induced vibra-
tion.
7
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ftwwmw~
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NPIC/TSG/RED
FY-72 Preliminary R&D Project List
III. Image Analysis & Manipulation
1. False Color Toning
a. Exploratory Development (New) ATB/EDL
b. PSG/RD/D, TSG/APSD/D, IEG/I
c. To manipulate the color relationship between an object
and its surrounding to enhance their contrast and thereby to
improve detectability and/or mensuration of that object.
2. Operational Image Quality Standards
a. Advanced Development (F.O.) ATB/ITL
b. TSG/APSD/D, IEG/I
c. This project will provide the PI performance evaluation
data on operational imagery necessary for subsequent correlation
with the objective image quality measures under development in
other projects. Ultimately, this will enable APSD to specify the
quality of any imagery in terms directly related to its information
content and/or interpretability.
3. Color Image Quality Standards
a. Advanced Development (F.O.) ATB/ITL
b. TSG/APSD/D, TSG/RED/D
c. Color image quality standards are needed for the APSD image
evaluation function. This project will tie together the subjective
and objective color image quality measures, developed previously,
in a system which can be applied by RED in equipment specifications
and APSD in the routine color image quality assessments made for
each mission.
4. Non-Conventional Imagery Quality Standards
a. Exploratory Development (New) ATB/EDL
b. TSG/APSD/D, TSG/RED/D, IEG/I, COM/I
c. This project will identify new quality measures required to
specify the unique characteristics of non-conventional imaging
materials. For example, free radical, RS, dry silver, and diazo
imagery are known to have characteristics significantly different
from conventional silver films. Methods will be developed so that
users of these projects will be able to specify their performance
characteristics for reproduction purposes and make objective com-
parisons with materials currently in use.
8
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NPIC/TSG/RED
FY-72 Preliminary R&D Project List
III. Image Analysis & Manipulation
5. OPS Image Quality Measurement System
a. Advanced Development (F.0.) ATB/ITL
b. TSG/APSD/D, TSG/RED/D, COM/I
c. To satisfy the requirement for improved, more efficient
image evaluation procedures for APSD, this project will continue
the Optical Power Spectrum (OPS) development. This Phase (III)
will determine the extent to which this technique can be used to
augment current image quality measures. It will consider the
specific equipment design, and applications of the technique to
conventional, EOI and color imagery. The OPS is expected to pro-
vide the main source of objective image quality data for use in
design specifications, in routine system evaluation.
6. Optical Image Manipulation (OIM) System
a. Advanced Development (F.O.) ATB/ITL
b. IEG/D, TSG/APSD/I
c. This project is aimed at the requirement to improve degraded
operational imagery through OIM techniques so the PI can extract
more information from the manipulated image than the degraded image.
Targets will be selected by IEG. A bench OIM viewer for use by
the PI will be developed. This will allow the PI to manipulate
imagery in an interactive mode, i.e., as he is viewing it. Some
preliminary experimental work with color OIM will be performed.
Ultimately the system developed will be employed by APSD.
7. Digital Image Manipulation (DIM) System
a. Advanced Development (F.O.) ATB/ITL
b. IEG/D, OS&/D, IAS/D, OSI/D, TSG/RED/I, TSG/APSD/I
c. Like OIM, the requirement for DIM is based on the need
for a means to glean as much information as possible from degraded
or system limited imagery of important targets where coverage is
limited for whatever reason. DIM is a system for increasing the
visually perceptible information in degraded imagery. It is more
sensitive and flexible than the OIM approach to the problem, but
is not as rapid by several orders of magnitude. This system,
once developed, will be applicable to APSD functions.
8. Chemical Image Manipulation
a. Exploratory Development (F.O.) ATB/EDL
b. TSG/RED/D, IEG/D, TSG/APSD/D
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NPIC/TSG/RED
FY-72 Preliminary R&D Project List
III. Image Analysis & Manipulation
c. The project will extend in-house laboratory results to
operational imagery selected by IEG. The specific instances
where chemical image enhancement will improve the degraded image
will be identified. Methods necessary for APSD to implement this
technique will be developed.
9. Hybrid-Automated Image Manipulation System
a. Exploratory Development (New) ATB/ITL
b. TSG/RED/D, IEG/I, TSG/APSD/I
c. This project will study the variety of image manipulation
techniques available and make proposals for an efficient, prac-
tical hybrid system which takes advantage of the best attributes
of each technique. The project will consider cost, equipment, and
time as related to the pay-off expected, and will provide the basic
system data for the image manipulation system to be used by APSD.
10. Electronic Image Manipulation (EIM)
a. Exploratory Development (New) ATB/ITL
b. TSG/RED/D, TSG/APSD/I
c. This project will be the first EPIC study to investigate
electronic image manipulation techniques for improving degraded
conventional and EOI imagery. It will evaluate the advantages of
operating on digital signals and photographic images produced
from sampled data. It will define the system necessary to provide
APSD with the capability of improving degraded EOI type imagery.
11. Image Evaluation/Manipulation-Scientific Support
a. Exploratory Development (F.O.) ATB/ITL
b. TSG/RED/D, TSG/APSD/I
c. The support provided by this project includes expert con-
sultation, proposal evaluation, small feasibility studies in
optics, and calibration of special electro-optical testing equip-
ment. The support is available to all elements of the Center and
provides sources of technical expertise on a quick reaction basis
when unexpected problems arise.
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NPIC/TSG/RED
FY-72 Preliminary R&D Project List
III. Image Analysis & Manipulation
12. Archival Color Image Study
a. Exploratory Development (New) ATB/EDL
b. PPBS/I, TSG/RED/I, IEG/I, PSG/I, COM/I
c. A national requirement exists that calls for maintenance
of archival records of reconnaissance imagery; presumably this
requirement applies to color photography as well as black and
white. We now know that the dyes in SO-242 are of a non-stable
nature and are subject to deterioration. The requirement is to
determine a means of archivally maintaining the color information
as recorded on SO-242 and SO-255 films.
11
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NPIC/TSG/RED
FY-72 Preliminary R&D Project List
IV. Image Interpretation Instruments & Techniques
1. New Activity Detector
a. Exploratory Development (New) SRB
b. TSG/RED/D, IEG/I, COM/I
c. There is a requirement for an automatic device which could
detect potential new activity to alleviate the manual searching of
vast, remote land areas by the PI. This is a study project to deter-
mine if the current technology in Diffraction Pattern Sampling can
be extended to the detection of new activity in remote areas as
would be evidenced by changes in the terrain or in land use.
2. SLAR/ATR Feasibility Study
a. Exploratory Development (New) SRB
b. TSG/RED/D, IEG/I, COM/I
c. A study to determine if current technology of Automatic
Target Recognition could be applied as an aid to the interpretation
of radar imagery.
3. Automated Target Rescan Device
a. Exploratory Development (New) SDB
b. TSG/RED/D, IEG/I, COM/I
c. Investigate the possibility of developing a system which
can memorize the information at a target site and then recognize
this and compare and identify it on other imagery.
4. Image Comparison Microstereoscae
a. Engineering Development (F.O.) SRB
b. IEG/D, TSG/APSD/D, IAS/D, COM/I
c. J follow-on to develop operational instruments--the specifi-
cations and/or modifications to be determined by evaluation of the
prototype to be delivered in the summer of 1971.
5. Electro Static Map Board
a. Engineering Development (New) SDB
b. IEG/D, IAS/D, COM/I
c. Requirement is to facilitate map and data sheet mounting on
the light table before the PI Requirement was reconfirmed at R&D
Planning Conference. Develop an electro static board to hold maps
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NPIC/TSG/RED
FY-72 Preliminary R&D Project List
IV. Image Interpretation Instruments & Techniques
and overlays in a vertical position and which will fit in with the
15+0 light table configuration. This will provide the PI with an
efficient way to hold collateral material.
6. Electro Static 40" x 40" Briefing Board
a. Engineering Development (New) SDB
b. IEG/D, IAS/D, COM/I
c. Requirement is to facilitate mounting and display of large
briefing materials. Develop an electro static board to hold large
sheets of briefing materials. It should also be able to hold
several overlay sheets simultaneously. This will provide a con-
venient method for displaying material.
7. Electro Static Holddown for 15+0 Light Table
a. Exploratory Development (New) SDB
b. TSG/RED/D, IEG/I, COM/I
c. Requirement is to hold film flat on light table for magnified
viewing. This development will provide a means of holding the film
flat and in focus even when the table is tilted position.
8. Automatic Stereo Scanner
a. Advanced Development (F.O.) S
b. TSG/RED/D, IEG/I, COM/I
c. Requirement is to automate roll film stereo registration and
also the scanning process. The initial work would be the development
of critical components, i.e., automatic focussing and film flatness
control.
9. UV Projection Viewer Study
a. Exploratory Development (F.O.) SDB
b. TSG/RED/D, IEG/I, COM/I
c. Requirement is to improve contrast and resolution of imagery
viewing devices. Since the inception of the present DV Rear Projec-
tion Viewer project several years ago, the state of the art in the
fields of DV optics, light sources, and screens has been advanced.
A DV projection system shows promise as a means of achieving rapid
scanning and low and high magnifications of high resolution films.
The W Study will survey the present state-of-the-art and form the
basis for future development of a viewing device.
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FY-72 Preliminary R&D Project List
IV. Image Interpretation Instruments & Techniques
10. PI Microstereoscope System
a. Engineering Development (New) SDB
b. IEG/D, IAS/D, COM/I
c. Requirement is to design a PI Microstereoscope System
including the illumination aspect as a total integrated system in
order to improve efficiency and performance. Design a new PI Micro-
scope-Light Source viewing station as a total package. Use basic
design o ide Field Viewer and design light source as part of
optical sys em. Fix position of optics and light source and more
film and table. Reduce size of table, 1000 line-pairs per millimeter.
11. Scan & Search PI Station
a. Engineering Development (F.O.) SDB
b. IEG/D, COM/I
c. Make engineering changes to the S&S as requirements are
discovered during operational suitability tests. One item which
is almost sure to require a change is a method to move the film
over certain increments (x and y pattern) to insure that all portions
are scanned.
12. Large Field-of-View, Low-Power Microstereoscope
a. Advanced Development (New) SRB
b. IEG/D, IAS/D,COM/I
c. Requirement is for a high-performance, wide field-of-view
optical film scanning aid. Utilizing the optical technology
developed for the Wide-Field, High-Power Anamorphic Stereoviewer
at =-develop an instrument with less magnification which would
permit a very large field-of-view of approximately 6". This field-
of-view would permit a PI to scan the full width of the1Iphoto-
graphy (but with only about 3X magnification).
13. Automatic Coordinate Display (AUTOCORD)
a. Engineering Development (F.O.) SRB
b. IEG/D
c. Requirement is to reduce time and increase reliability of
target coordinates obtained from imagery. A follow-on project to
an FY-7l feasibility study to develop a system which would permit
the PI to automatically and very rapidly determine geographic coor-
dinates on at (or near) his work station. The follow-on would
be the actua implementation of the appropriate hardware and soft-
waApprrotedalr ReIe 6aecIA-RDP78BO5171AO00200010004-3
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NPIC/TSG/RED
FY-72 Preliminary R&D Project List
IV. Image Interpretation Instruments & Techniques
i4+. Photo/Radar Comparison Viewer
a. Advanced Development (New) SRB
b. TSG/RED/D, IEG/I
c. Requirement is to assist radar imagery interpretation by a
viewer capable of presenting coincident radar and photo imagery.
To develop a prototype projection viewer on which a radar image
could be compared with a collateral photographic image of the same
target. This direct comparison should aid in the identification of
radar "blobs" and thereby increase the interpretability of radar
imagery.
15. SLAR Correlation and Display System
a. Advanced Development (New) SRB
b. IEG/I, TSG/RED/D
c. Requirement is to provide the SLAR interpreter with a corre-
lation and display device which he is able to adjust to the best
setting for a specific interpretation task. To develop a radar
correlator which would be used directly by the PI to manipulate
the radar image to achieve maximum enhancement of target detail.
16. Collateral Imagery Display System
a. Engineering Development (New) SRB
b. IEG/I, PSG/R&R/I
c. Requirement is to provide a more efficient means for stor-
ing and viewing collateral imagery. To develop an inexpensive
display system on which PI's could view collateral photography
(chips), maps, ground photos, keys, etc., for rapid comparison and
interpretation of the target being reported. Could replace the
target pocket.
17. Auto-Focus System
a. Advanced Development (New) SRB
b. TSG/RED/D, TSG/APSD/I, IEG/I
c. Requirement is to maintain focus in film viewing equip-
ment while scanning imagery. Design and develop a device to automati-
cally adjust focus as film flatness changes when film is viewed in
the dynamic mode. This will be used on the ASS and the S&S PI Station.
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FY-72 Preliminary R&D Project List
IV. Image Interpretation Instruments & Techniques
18. Coincident UV Clue Display
a. Advanced Development (New) SDB
b. TSG/RED/D, IEG/I
c. Requirement is for a means to display correlated informa-
tion; such as geographic coordinates and positions on an RPV simul-
taneously with the imagery, but in a readily distinguishable mode.
Develop a technique wherein collateral data, clues, overlays, etc.
could be flashed and superimposed on imagery displayed on a screen.
This will be on a UV sensitive screen and possibly use-a laser as a
light source.
19. Front Projection Viewer (FPV) Study
a. Exploratory Development (New) SDB
b. TSG/RED/D, IEG/I
c. Requirement is to determine whether Front Projection View-
ing can be adapted to the PI Search & Scan function with improved
performance over the RPV system. Feasibility study to determine if
this approach can be used on operational material. With new screens
and scanning systems this may be applicable for small groups.
20. PI Colorimetric Measuring Device
a. Advanced Development (New) SDB
b. TSG/RED/D, IEG/I
c. Requirement is to develop a means whereby the PI can
determine the specific color of an image. Fabricate a colorimeter
device based on the parameters established in the FY-71 Color Study.
This development will provide the PI with a means of rapidly and
accurately describing the color of images being interpreted.
21. 1+X Objectives for Mod 28 Rhomboids
a. Engineering Development (New) SDB
b. IEG/D
c. Design and develop 1+X objectives, mono and stereo, for the
Mod 28 Arm/Zoom 21+0 System. The new 151+0 light source and the
improved reproduction film have created need for higher power
objectives for the Mod 28 rhomboid arms.
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NPIC/TSG/RED
FY-72 Preliminary R&D Project List
IV. Image Interpretation Instruments & Techniques
22. Mod 28 Rhomboid Positioning System
a. Engineering Development (New) SDB
b. IEG/D
c. Develop a method for the PI to easily view through the
rhomboid objective (without use of microstereoscope) to position it
over area of imagery desired. Develop a retrofit package which can
be adapted to the existing Model 28 arms.
23. PI Aids Console
a. Engineering Development (New) SDB
b. IEG/D
c. Design a console that is compatible with the 1540 light
table. This will have a writing surface, storage for chips, storage
of supplies and small equipment. This might help eliminate the
number of desks and give the PI added work space.
24. Color Correction of Viewing Equipment
a. Engineering Development (New) SDB
b. TSG/RED/, IEG/I
c. Have or a qualified optical company evaluate the
Zoom 240 with various rhomboids and the High Power Viewer with
operational color imagery to determine what color correction may
be required in existing systems.
25. 1540 Light Table--PI Use Analysis
a. Engineering Development (New) SDB
b. TSG/RED/D, IEG/I, COM/I
c. Perform an investigation similar to the one
did on the 940 tables. Determine the actual user requirements of
the new 1540 light tables so as to achieve the most effective
utilization of PI personnel and input materials. With new motorized
optics mount and precise motorized film drive, investigate PI pro-
cedures and habits during use of the tables. Results of this study
will form the basis for the development of future, more advanced
viewing systems.
26. UV Projection Light Table
a. Exploratory Development (New) SDB
b. TSG/RED/D, IEG/I
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FY-72 Preliminary R&D Project List
IV. Image Interpretation Instruments & Techniques
c. Based on the results of the UV Study program, develop a
light source, optics, and phosphor screen into a system allowing
both rapid scanning and detailed analysis of large volumes of film.
This would be a sloping screen for a PI to scan film and auxiliary
optics to permit him to do detailed analysis right on the screen.
Recent tests have produced about 200 line pairs/mm at the screen.
27. 1520 Roll Film Light Table
a. Engineering Development (New) SDB
b. IE G/D
c. The original reason for a 40-inch long table is probably
no longer valid and experiments indicate that the PI spends most of
his time in the middle 8 inches on each side of the center of the
table. This project will develop a table with limited (or no) Y
motion of the optics, rugged optics mount, high intensity source,
etc. This format saves floor space, decreases heat load, is lighter,
and easier to operate.
28. Semi-Automatic Comparator Pointing Aid
a. Engineering Development (New) SDB
b. IEG/PD/D, TSG/RED/I
c. Requirement stated at FY-72 R&D Conference. A requirement
exists for improved image pointing accuracy in measuring small images.
This development will be based on the centering technique successfully
employed on the Calibration Device for the HPSC in FY-71-
29. Aerial Image Projection Light Table
a. Engineering Development (New) SDB
b. TSG/RED/D, IEG/I
c. A PI station featuring both a scanning capability at rela-
tively low magnification and a detailed viewing capability at very
high magnification. This system would feature rapid scanning, con-
venient detailed analysis, capability of exploiting very high resolu-
tion imagery, and total magnification up to 180X.
30. Illumination Characteristics for B&W and Color Imagery
a. Engineering Development (New) ATB/EDL
b. TSG/RED/D, IEG/I
c. In order to establish standards for specifying the spec-
tral power distributions of light tables we need to know under what
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FY-72 Preliminary R&D Project List
IV. Image Interpretation Instruments & Techniques
illumination conditions the maximum amount of information is
extracted from photography and how to relate this (if possible) to
the spectral distribution of the viewing source. Such information
is required for both setting standards and tolerances on light
tables delivered to NPIC.
31. RectifyingStereogram Printer
a. Advanced Development (New) SRB
b. TSG/RED/D, IEG/I, NPIC/I
c. The initial phase of development of a printer (which would
automatically make stereogram prints from roll film) would be a
design feasibility study centered around the feasibility of design-
ing the optics. The rationale for a stereogram printer is that PI's
could view a target in stereo without the use of expensive, complex
stereoscopes.
32. Personalized Zoom 21+0 Optics
a. Engineering Development (New) SDB
b. IEG/D, IAS/D, TSG/RED/D
c. A requirement exists for the Zoom 21+0 microstereoscopes to
be individually adjusted to match the optical aberrations of the
photo interpreter using the instrument. Since each PI has his own
240, the instrument can be adjusted to his individual needs. This
program would include a procedure for [to adjust the scopes on
a regular basis.
33. Light Table Target Location Display
a. Engineering Development (New) SDB
b. IEG/D, IAS/D
c. A requirement exists for improving the efficiency of the
imagery search process. This project would be a part of an overall
scheme to allow the interpreter to query the computerized data base
about the location of specific known targets or classes of targets and
enable the computer to respond by highlighting the target area on the
film.
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FY-72 Preliminary R&D Project List
V. Reproduction
1. B&W Dry Silver Reversal Material
a. Advanced Development (F.O.) SDB
b. TSG/RED/D, IEG/I, PSG/RD/I, COM/I
c. The requirement is for the PI to be able to make his own
high quality photo duplicates in a simple and direct manner. Con-
tinue funding the development of this material. This should be
completed in either FY-72 or 73. There is an immediate require-
ment for this material in the operational areas.
2. Dry-Process Color Reproduction Material
a. Advanced Development (F.O.) SDB
b. TSG/RED/D, PSG/RD/I, IEG/I
c. The requirement is based on anticipated quantities of
color imagery and the need to simplify the present reproduction
systems. Continue FY-71 funded study to develop Dry Color process
based on dry silver techniques. This will require several years
funding.
3. Compact, High-Speed, 9-~'Y" Dry-Silver Processor
a. Engineering Development (F.O.) SDB
b. PSG/RD/D, IEG/I, COM/I
c. The requirement is to provide an appropriate dry-silver
roll film processor to enable Reprographic Division to efficiently
utilize dry-silver photo reproduction materials. This processor
will process negative and positive dry silver and dry color
materials under optimized temperatures and speeds.
4. PI Dry Silver Contact Printer
a. Engineering Development (New) SDB
b. IAS/D, IEG/D, COM/I
c. This requirement expressed informally by IAS for high-
performance semi-dark pos to pos contact printer. A related hypo-
thetical requirement exists in IEG. Design a print out station
optimized for: (1) Printing daylight positive to positive material
by the PI in IEG and (2) printing in a semi-lab condition with dark
condition such as IAS might use.
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FY-72 Preliminary R&D Project List
V. Reproduction
5. Advanced PI (30X, 50X) Enlarger Printer
a. Engineering Development (New) SDB
b. IEG/D, IAS/D, COM/I
c. This requirement stated at R&D Conference. Requirement is
for PI capability to produce 8 x 10 pre-briefing points. Investi-
gate the feasibility of fabricating a device which will enable the
PI to make 30X and 50X enlargements. Determine if it can be done by
either a Polaroid or 3M Printer approach.
6. Dry Silver 40" Paper Processor
a. Engineering Development (F.O.) SDB
b. PSG/RD/D, IEG/I, IAS/I, COM/I
c. This requirement is to provide a means for processing dry-
silver paper prints (contact or enlargements). The need for this
project is based on the assumption that the pre-prototype model now
under T&E will require significant improvement. Fabricate a proto-
type 40" processor and incorporate features high lighted in T&E of
engineering model. This can be used in the lab to process material
from the BPE.
7. Dry Silver Processing Implementation Plan
a. Engineering Development (New) SDB
b. PSG/RD/D, COM/I
c. Requirement is to provide outfitting techniques and procedures
for using dry-silver materials. Provide a consulting service for
PSG and RED to plan for future use of Dry Silver Materials and equip-
ment. Determine areas best for dry silver and areas to retain con-
ventional processing.
8. Step & Repeat Contact Printer
a. Engineering Development (F.O.) SDB
b. PSG/RD/D, IEG/I, COM/I
c. Requirement is for a high-performance, B&W and color, roll
film contact printer, capable of printing multiple copies of selected
frames on the negative. Fabricate a S&R Printer based on the design
produced under a separate contract. This will provide PSG with a
means of producing positives or negatives of conventional or dry
silver material.
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FY-72 Preliminary R&D Project List
V. Reproduction
9. 30 Inch Print Straightener
a. Engineering Development (New) SDB
b. PSG/RD/D, COM/I
c. Requirement stated at R&D Conference. Requirement is for
a device to eliminate the curl in large format briefing prints.
10. Sensitometric Viscous Processor
a. Engineering Development (New) SDB
b. TSG/ATB/EDL/D
c. Requirement is for in-house sensitometric testing capabi-
lity to be more independent with respect to photo materials evalua-
tion.
11. Dylux Dry Color Reproduction Material
a. Explora
tory Development (New) ATB/EDL
b. TSG/RED
/D, PSG/RD/I COM/I
c. Require
ment is to simplify and reduce cost of reproducing
color imagery.
This project will investigate the feasibility of
developing
aterial to appropriate performance levels
for NPIC color
up ica ion requirements.
12. Unconventional Film Evaluation
a. Advanced Development (New) ATB/EDL
b. TSG/RED/D, TSG/APSD/D, COM/I
c. Requirement is to determine methods for objectively
evaluating unconventional film systems. Evaluation of improved
unconventional films for possible use in aerial film duplication
systems. Tests will include the usual tests of speed, resolution,
uniformity, shelf-life, image stability, reprint capability, etc.,
as well as development of new tests designed to better estimate
the potential of unconventional films.
13. Unconventional Reproduction Systems
a. Exploratory Development (New) ATB/EDL
b. TSG/RED/D, PSG/RD/I, COM/I
c. An exploratory study to locate and check feasibility of
new and unique conventional photographic systems which are in their
early stages of research. The purpose would be to identify these
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NPIC/TSG/RED
FY-72 Preliminary R&D Project List
V. Reproduction
systems, do a few feasibility tests to determine whether research
support should be used to exploit the system for improvements in
aerial film duplicating systems.
14. Photo Science Support
a. Advanced Development (F.O.) ATB/EDL
b. TSG/RED/D, NPIC/I
c. This is a continuation of the project in which
provides an extension to ATB capabilities for evaluating new ideas,
analyzing materials, and training branch personnel in highly tech-
nical areas. To date such topics as: chemistry of unconventional
photo-materials, false-color toning as a technique of color image
manipulation, training in electron microscopy techniques, continuous
tone-lithography, techniques of chemical image manipulation, oil
analysis, and others have been investigated in support of the indi-
cated organizations. Project objective: to gain low-budget technical
guidance on which to predicate discrete R&D projects in areas of new
technology.
15. 1 1Contrast Enhancement Printer
a. Exploratory Development (New) ATB/EDL
b. TSG/RED/D, TSG/APSD/I, PSG/RD/I, IEG/I
c. This project is aimed at gaining maximum information from
underexposed ON imagery. Its principle involves contrast enhance-
ment through multiple-pass printing; it poses no threat of damage to
the ON. Under the Photoscience Support Program, has evalua-
ted one model of this printer and will shortly evaluate a second.
This project envisions prototype development of that Model which
shows the greater potential for image enhancement.
16. Photo Products Pollution Control
a. Exploratory Development (New) ATB/EDL
b. NPIC/D
c. Required because of polluting properties of photo products
and present need for constraints on pollutants. A one man year study
program should be initiated to determine the best technique to use to
reduce or eliminate photo-chemicals and other chemicals from polluting
the water effluent coming from The recommended program
should:
1. Cut down on amount of chemical contamination by treatment
and recycling processing chemicals.
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NPIC/TSG/RED
FY-72 Preliminary R&D Project List
V. Reproduction
2. Provided recommended equipment and procedures for treating
and removing all toxic chemistry from the waste water leaving
17. Wet Processing Technology
a. Advanced Development (New) ATB/EDL
b. TSG/RED/ATB/D, PSG/RD/I
c. Applied development research should be continued in the
area of black and white and color processing techniques to update
processing standards.
18. Sensitometric Processor Modification
a. Engineering Development (New) ATB/EDL
b. TSG/RED/ATB/D, PSG/RD/I
c. In order to fully support the investigation programs of
the ATB in both B&W and color processing techniques, to update
processing standards, handling of operational imagery up to 25` x
6.5" to support CIM, OIM and DIM research, it is necessary to build
a new processing tank to couple to present sensitometric processor
to handle larger film size.
19. Small Format Precision Enlarger/Rectifier
a. Advanced Development (New) RSB
b. TSG/RED/D, PSG/RD/I, IEG/I
c. Predicted high-resolution, small format acquisition systems
will require this device. A long lead time is required for develop-
ment. The enlarger/rectifier will be capable of producing large
format briefing prints and/or rectifier plan views of this high-
resolution imagery.
20. Dry Silver Film Resolution Limits
a. Advanced Engineering (New) SDB
b. TSG/RED/D, PSG/RD/D
c. A requirement exists to determine the theoretical resolution
limits of dry silver film and its potential for reproducing future
high resolution acquisition materials. During the R&D cycle of
this material, resolution, which started at 1800 lines/mm, was
2L
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FY-72 Preliminary R&D Project List
V. Reproduction
sacrificed in order to attain speed, stability, etc. This project
will investigate the basic molecular interactions with the goal of
determining theoretical limits and improving the resolution of dry-
silver emulsions.
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FY-72 Preliminary R&D Project List
VI. Mensuration
Fi1m Data Block Reader
a. Engineering Development (F.O.) SDB
b. IEG/PD/D
c. This is requested by NPIC to fulfill its mission of providing
ephemeris data in case of telemetry failure. Fabricate a data block
reader to handle the information from the latest operational acquisi-
tion system.
2. Comparator Automatic Pointing System
a. Exploratory Development (F.O.) SDB
b. IEG/PD/D, COM/I
c. Coordinated with IEG/PD. Required to improve efficiency of
the mensuration process. Continue the development of an automatic
printing capability for mensuration instruments. This task was
initiated in FY-70 and will require several years research. Success-
ful development would provide a fast and accurate means of pointing
at objects to be measured.
3. Mensuration Equipment Design Improvement Study
a. Exploratory Development (F.O.) SDB
b. IEG/PD/I, TSG/RED/D
c. Coordinated with IEG/PD. Required for general improvement
in the efficiency, accuracy and economy of the mensuration process.
This program is a vehicle to fund several tasks each year in improv-
ing the subsystems of measuring equipment. It is also used to fund
areas in which in-house studies require contractor support.
II. Comparator Variable Density Reticle
a. Exploratory Development (F.O.) SDB
b. IEG/PD/D
c. Required to assist comparator (mensuration) operators in
pointing the comparator reticle to the edges of images having low
contrast and/or low tonal gradients.
5. EOI Mensuration Study
a. Exploratory Development (New) SDB
b. TSG/RED/D, PPBS/I, IEG/PD/I
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FY-72 Preliminary R&D Project List
c. A requirement exists within NPIC for information on methods
of performing mensuration on video images. This will help determine
the accuracy, limitations, and type of mensuration equipment which
will be required for EOI.
6. HPSC Pointing Investigation
a. Exploratory Development (New) SDB
b. TSG/RED/D, IEG/PD/I
c. Requirement is to improve pointing (for mensuration) on the
HPSC. Investigate the feasibility of applying various pointing
techniques to the HPSC. Determine if the techniques developed for
the Calibration Device can be applied to mensuration. Also deter-
mine if correlation technique can be applied to pointing.
7. Micro D _Applications to Mensuration
a. Exploratory Development (New) SDB
b. TSG/RED/D, IEG/PD/I, TSG/APSD/I
c. A requirement exists for a more accurate and objective means
of measuring small images. Perform tests to determine if Microdensi-
tometer can be utilized in mensuration process. Determine the feasi-
bility of combining the Micro-D and comparator techniques. Use
initial work at RADC as a basis for further work.
8. W/RPV Applications to Mensuration
a. Exploratory Development (New) SDB
b. TSG/RED/D, lEG/PD/I
c. Hypothetical Requirement. Investigate the possibility of
using a UV Rear Projection System in the mensuration process. Deter-
mine if the high resolution at the W System screen provides a means
of rapidly making measurements.
Manipulated Imagery Mensuration Analysis
a. Exploratory Development (New) RSB
b. TSG/RED/D, IEG/PD/I
c. Required to determine the benefits or handicaps for mensura-
tion of manipulated imagery and the practical extent of imagery
manipulation for mensuration purposes.
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FY-72 Preliminary R&D Project List
10. Special Collection Systems Studies Support
a. Advanced Development (F.O.) SRB
b. NPIC/D, Collection Community/I
c. Continuing requirement for presenting coordinated technical
constraints related to NPIC operations as they influence collection
system design and performance parameters.
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NPIC/TSG/RED
FY-72 Preliminary R&D Project List
1. Vibration Elimination Implementation
a. Engineering Development (F.O.) SDB
b. TSG/RED/D, NPIC/I
c. Requirement is to minimize degrading effects of vibration
in imagery exploitation equipment. Based on the information
obtained in the Phase I tests, modify a representative piece of
equipment to demonstrate the improvement.
2. Universal Comparator Calibration Device
a. Engineering Development (New) SDB
b. IEG/PD/D, TSG/ESD/D
c. Requirement is to improve accuracy and efficiency of cali-
bration of NPIC comparators at minimum cost. Fabricate a Universal
Calibration Device based on techniques developed on an earlier con-
tract. Device will be able to be used on Comparators and
other mensuration instruments with binocular viewing heads.
3. Two-Axis Calibration Grid
a. Advanced Development (New) SDB
b. TSG/ESD/D, COM/I
c. Requirement is to improve accuracy and facility of cali-
bration of NPIC comparators at minimum cost and in short time frame.
Investigate the possibility of producing a two-axis calibration
grid on low expansion material and thin enough to fit under objec-
tive lenses of modern day comparators. Grids must be calibrated
by National Bureau of Standards.
4. Advanced Photometer
a. Advanced Development (New) SDB
b. TSG/ESD/D, COM/I
c. Requirement is for a photometer of sufficient portability,
accuracy, range and spectral sensitivity to perform typical and
anticipated evaluations of illumination for various NPIC viewing
devices and conditions. A need exists for a reliable instrument
capable of measuring illumination levels up to 50,000 foot lamberts.
This device must be rugged enough to endure shipping and use in
field conditions.
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FY-72 Preliminary R&D Project List
5. Specialized Acceptance Test Equipment
a. Engineering Development (New) SDB
b. TSG/ESD/D
c. Requirement is for special acceptance test devices to
facilitate acceptance test evaluation procedures; such as, film
tension, heat transfer, etc.
6. T&E Data Sheets
a. Engineering Development (New) SDB
b. TSG/ESD/D, TSG/RED/D
c. Requirement is to improve, standardize and coordinate the
statement and coverage of performance specifications in R&D con-
tracts. When Development Objectives and Technical Specifications
are prepared, specifications are often written without real know-
ledge of the capability of ESD to determine and measure these parameters.
This project would help determine and produce the boiler plate sheets
to be incorporated in the contract. These data sheets would describe
the equipment to be used during a particular measurement and the
accuracies desired.
7. Viewing System Efficiency Measurement
a. Exploratory Development (New) SDB
b. TSG/ESD/D, TSG/RED/D
c. Requirement is more specific and comprehensive test regi-
mens for defining and evaluating the performance of imagery
exploitation optical systems; such as, viewers, and enlargers.
Investigate the various parameters which influence the efficiency
of a viewing system (Ex: MTF-OTF, color, aberrations, flair, etc.).
Determine if a device or set of tests can be fabricated to deter-
mine the efficiency of optical systems.
8. Optical Equipment MTF Analyzer
r
a. Engineering Development (F.O.) SDB
b. TSG/ESD/D, TSG/RED/D
c. The requirement exists for a superior means of measuring
optical quality on the millions of dollars worth of optical equip-
ment purchased and developed by NPIC. Phase II of the MTF Analyzer
program will provide a finished MTF Analyzer, based on a technique
proven in Phase I, which will measure the MTF of complete optical
systems in an operational environment.
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FY-72 Preliminary R&D Project List
1. Primary & Collateral EOI Imager Displays
a. Engineering Development (New) SRB
b. NPIC/D
c. There is a requirement to modify (or fabricate) an inexpen-
sive light table or projection viewer for viewing new EOI imagery and
comparing it with collateral target imagery. Specifications will
depend upon the FY-71 format study.
2. EOI Reporting System Study
a. Advanced Development (New) SRB
b. NPIC/D
c. There is a requirement to examine the various alternatives
available for real-time reporting of the Initial E0I Scan results
and to perform a trade-off study of each to determine the most effi-
cient method (also valid for Plan B).
3. EOI Map Display System
a. Advanced Development (New) SRB
b. NPIC/D
c. This requirement is to perform a preliminary design study
of a system to display a 1:200,000 series map to the PI performing
Initial EOI Scan (and possible Immediate Intelligence). The display
would indicate, automatically, the ground coverage of the image
currently being exploited.
4+. EOI Primary and Collateral Imagery Video Display
a. Advanced Development (F.O.) SRB
b. NPIC/D
c. The follow-on requirement would be a preliminary design of
a video display system for viewing both the primary (new) EOI imagery
and for displaying collateral (old) EOI images of the same target
for comparison purposes. It is dependent upon the results of the
current video feasibility study.
5. EOI Collateral Materials Display
a. Advanced Development (New) SRB
b. NPIC/D
c. This requirement is for a preliminary design study of a
system to display non-computerized collateral materials to the EOI
PI in a very rapid fashion. It would display PI keys, ground photos,
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 Approved For Release 2004/03/26 : CIA-RDP78B05171A000200010004-3
NPIC/TSG/RED
FY-72 Preliminary R&D Project List
and other materials currently contained in the target pocket. The
system might be used for target study prior to acquisition or it
might be used while he is interpreting his new image (or both).
6. EOI Segmented Imagery Impact Study
a. Exploratory Development (New) SRB
b. NPIC/D
c. A study is required to determine the effects and potential
problems of exploiting EOI imagery which portrays a target in four
segmented (non-contiguous) pieces. It would examine such areas as
stereo viewing, mensuration, target obscuration, target location,
etc. on such segmented imagery.
7. EOI PI Station Simulation
a. Exploratory Development (New) SRB
b. NPIC/D
c. This requirement is for a pre-design physical simulation and
analysis of a Plan A PI station for the EOI Initial Scan function.
It would include actual equipment and/or mock-ups to study the func-
tion of the primary image viewing, collateral image viewing, map
handling & viewing, mensuration, data base access, and reporting:
It should result in an optimum layout and a more precise definition
of equipment which will be required.
32
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FY-72 Preliminary Project Listings
NPIC/TSG/RED 1.
Recon. Sys. Br.
V - 19
VI--9
22 June 1971
Advan. Tech. Br. Sys. Res. Br. Sys. Dev. Br.
I-1 (HE'S)
I-2 (BF )
I - 3 (m's)
I-4 (HE'S)
z-5 (ms's)
z - 6 (m's)
z - 7 (m's)
z-8 (m's)
z - 9 (m's)
I-10 (HE'S)
I-11 (FS)
I-12 (m's)
I-13 (HF's)
I-14 (m's)
I-15 (HE'S)
I-16 (HF's)
TII - 1 (EDL)
III - 2 (ITL)
III - 3 (ITL)
III - 4 (EDL)
III - 5 (ITL)
III - 6 (ITL)
III - 7 (ITL)
III - 8 (EDL)
III - 9 (ITL)
III - 10 (ITL)
III - 11 (ITL)
III - 12 (EDL)
IV - 30 (EDL)
V - 11 (EDL)
V - 12 (EDL)
V - 13 (EDL)
V - 14 (EDL)
V - 15 (EDL)
v - 16 (EDL)
V - 17 (EDL)
V - 18 (EDL)
II - 1
IT - 2
TI-3
IV - 1
IV - 2
IV 4
Iv -8
IV - 12
IV - 13
IV 14
IV - 15
IV - 16
IV - 17
IV - 31
VI-10
VIII - 1
VIII - 2
VIII - 3
VIII - 4
VIII - 5
VIII - 6
VIII - 7
TT-4
vI-8
II - 5 VII - 1
II-6 VII-2
II-7 VII-3
IT-8 VII-4
II - 9 VII - 5
II-10 VII-6
IT - 11 VII - 7
II - 12 VII - 8
IV - 3
IV - 5
IV - 6
IV - 7
IV - 9
IV - 10
IV - 11
IV - 18
IV - 19
IV - 20
IV - 21
IV - 22
IV - 23
IV - 24
IV - 25
IV - 26
IV - 27
IV - 28
IV - 29
IV - 32
IV - 33
V - 1
V - 2
V-3
V-4
V-5
v-6
V-7
V-8
V-9
V - 10
V - 20
VI-1
VI - 2
VI - 3
vI-4
VI - 5
VI-6
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NPIC/TSG/RED 21 June 1971
FY-72 Preliminary R&D Project List Tabulation
Interest expressed by Components: D = Direct, I = Indirect. IEG Priorities A - G
Category IEG PSG/RD PSG/R&RD PSG/AID TSG/APSD TSG/ESD IA.S
I - 3
C
I 4
B
I - 6
C
I- 9
C
D D
I - 10
B
I - 14
C
I - 15
E
I - 16
B
II - 3
C
II - 4
E
ii - 6
C
Ii-8
F
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 NPIC/TS*pEbved For Release 2004/03/26: CIA-RDP78BO5171A000200010004-3
FY-72 Preliminary (Cont'd)
Category IEG PSG/RD PSG/R&RD PSG/AID TSG/APSD TSG/ESD IAS
III - 4 E D D D
III - 6 c D I
Iv- 4 B
iv-6 c
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NPIC/TSG/RED
FY-72 Preliminary (Cont'd)
Category IEG PSG/RD PSG/R&RD PSG/AID TSG/APSD TSG/ESD IAS
IV - 15 E
IV - 16 c
Iv - 18
IV - 19 B
IV - 22 B
IV - 23 B
IV-24 C
IV - 25 D
IV - 26 B
IV-29 B
IV - 30 C
IV - 31 F
IV - 34
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FY-72 Preliminary (Cont'd)
Category IEG PSG/RD PSG/R&RD PSG/AID TSG/APSD TSG/ESD IAS
V - 2 C D I I
v - 4
v-6 B
v-8 ?
V - 14 D
V - 15 C n
v - 16 B
v - 18 D
vi-4 C
4
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 NPIC/TSG ffoved For Release 2004/03/26 : CIA-RDP78BO5171A000200010004-3
FY-72 Preliminary (Cont`d)
Category IEG PSG/RD PSG/R&RD PSG/AID TSG/APSD TSG/ESD IAS
VI-5 B D D
vI-6 C
VII - 2 C D I
VII - 3 E
VII - 4
VII - 5
vii - 6
VIII - L.
VIII - 6
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