DRAFT OUTLINE OF TRAINING MANUAL ON THE ANALYSIS OF IMAGERY FOR INTELLIGENCE PURPOSES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78B05703A000200070047-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 12, 2004
• Sequence Number: 47
• Publication Date: July 7, 1970
• Content Type: MEMO

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MEMORANDUM FOR:
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July 1970
JTR/SIWA
Executive Director, NPIC
SUBJECT: Draft Outline of Training Manual on the Analysis of lmacery
for Intelligence Purposes
1. Tlie draft outline of the Training Ianual on the Analysis of Imagery
for Intelligence Purposes has not been seen by the Director of Training,
and lie might want to make some changes in it. f:owever, it is based
upon discussions I have had with him and does, I believe, incorporate
those points he wants made.
2. Simply to expecite matters, I have forwarded the draft to you for your
examination and coimnent first. I also feel that I should touch base
with IAS before going hack to with a more firm outline.
.3. The 'lanual, as I see it, should not try to be encyclopedic, rorshould
it try to be a now-to-do-it book--that is much better done elsewhere.
The Manual will serve all concerned well if it accurately reflects the
7 current state of affairs as it affects the analysis of imagery. I he-
1`'~eve NPIC's contributions can he effectively and honestly presented
within the context of this outline.
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 SEMI
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Draft Outline for Projected Training ilanual on the Analysis
c;f Imagery for Intelligence Purposes
A. The value of imagery as a source of intelligence information
ss~fi ?A el
1. Examples (use of World War II, and a modern examl;le)
History of modern photo interpretation
experience 25X1
a. The value of "consecutive cover"
b. Introduction of a three-phase exploitation procedure
c. ;cognition of the need for a central photo reconnaissance
ana interpretation command--a principle not revived until
years later, and then only partially
2. Early collection efforts in the Cold War
a. GENETRIX
0. SENSINT missions
3. The mounting of the U-2 effort
a. Convergence of the technical means and the iriapination
make it possible
4. Surprising success, and others join in
a. Besginnings of joint CIA service interpretation efforts
V
S. The Kirkpatrick Committee, NSCID #8, and NPIC
a. 11PIC receivel its charter of pre-eminence
6. The Cuihan missile crisis--an outstanding performance in photo
interpretation
7. JIIRG looks at imagery collection and exploitation
a. COIIIREX replaces COMOR
(1 ''fore direct control assumed over both collection and
exploitation
(2) Unconventional imagery attracts formal attention
T4.. National Tasking Plan--a logical attempt to divide ti'e
burden of exploitation
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C. The National Tasking Plan--a rational design for exploitation
in process of being overtaken by events.
1. Events }enerate pressures for everyone to do more and more
as more and more becomes available--result: original design
is bein.T altered in fact.
'1. Collection vs. exploitation--a balance sheet
1. Ability to collect far exceeds ability to fully exploit--reasons
a. Collection has been mechanized and automated far more
successfully than has exploitation
(1) Exploitation depends on human resources very early
in the process
(2) Hoped-for help from pattern-recognition devices
(3) Other technical aids to exploitation
7 [ 2. Ability to collect spawns requirements to collect
a. Ability to collect micro-detail is a mixed blessing
(1) Argument that micro-detail will always significantly
increase accuracy of intelligence obtained is persistent
and often difficult to counter
(1) CIA and DIA at some disagreement over this
3. Attempts to keep the appetite for collection of imagery in line
with the ability to digest it--a continuing story (should fill in
with some detail here)
IET. The consumers of information obtained from the analysis of imagery--the
prime generators of requirements for collection and exploitation
A. Who uses information from the analysis of imagery?
0/ 1. No composite description is possible P
0 I
?. Producers of finished intelligence are the largest consumers
3. Operational components
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I.. What uses are made of information from imagery?
1. Three case studies of information use for production of
finished intelligence:
a. ;y MLR
b . By USR
PCI
Two case studies of information used for operational purposes
(might have FI/Staff contribute this)
responsible for exploiting the imagery?
C. [low do users of this information convey their needs to tl ose
1. Exploitation requirements
it. iioa: are exploitation requirements levied upon '.,'PTC and IAS?
(1) The role of IRS
(2) The role of FI/Staff
b. What should it good exploitation requirement include?
(1) Specifics about the format or enough detail about the
use to be made of the product to enable the producer to
respond effectively
(2;; Specifics about the area and/or subject
(3) Specific deadline information
(4) Snecific classification/control information, if -!p-Iicabli:
Limits or the coverage dates of imagery lofted.
a. The ,osi to number" relati * -hip--,good if it d01- r 't Pt
in the way of the normal work-load
I
P. Trends aaong consumers in exploitation requirements (\PIC and/or IAS
to contribute)
IV. What is a "pronner" use of imagery for intelligence purposes?
A. The counting/measuring application.
1. When is counting and measuring irrelevant?
a. When there is nothing to count or measure
I,. :then the values are already known
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The carp warning function
1. Timeliness of coverage and exploitation are essential
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V. '.,,bat kinds of analysis products can be obtained?
A. The serially-produced reports in response to standing rec,uirements
(enumerate and describe at least the major ones)
as, rood guidance from collection and exploitation requi.renents
plays vital roles
The impossibility of knowing the unknowable (at least two examples) P
C. To give the insider's view of new developments
I. Good luck with an assist from good planning plays a part (give
::1.t least one example)
1). To confirm or validate other intelligence
1. The imagery test for a defector's area report
P. To suggest new conclusions by convergence or congruence with other
intelligence information
!,. The one-of-a-kind report, self-initiated by the producer
(as above)
C. ?1odels, briefing; boards, etc.
(describe some)
The specifically designed report in response to a specific exploitation
requirement from a consumer
(describe some)
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VI. How does NPIC organize itself to do its job?
(NPIC to contribute this chapter)
VII. How does IAS organize itself to do its job?
(IAS to contribute this chapter)
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Appendix
List 4 simple facts about the other 41 (?) government agencies doing
analysis of imagery.
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16. K