FORGEIGN SHIPPING TO NORTH VIETNAM DURING NOVEMBER 1968

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78T02095R000800070085-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 22
• Document Creation Date: December 20, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 15, 2008
• Sequence Number: 85
• Publication Date: December 1, 1968
• Content Type: IM

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Secret
DIRECTORATE OF
INTELLIGENCE
Intelligence Memorandum
Foreign Shipping to North Vietnam During
November 1968
Secret
ER IM 68-159
December 1968
Copy No
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Foreword
The data in this memorandum are preliminary
and subject to modification as additional informa-
tion becomes available. Significant changes may
occur in ship arrivals and cargoes from Communist
China and, to a lesser extent, in cargoes carried
by ships of the Free World. Soviet and Eastern
European ship arrivals and cargoes and Free World
arrivals are not likely to be changed signifi-
cantly. To reflect changes in previous reports, a
table showing monthly arrivals, by flag, is included
in this memorandum. Weights of cargoes are expressed
in metric tons. Because of rounding, components may
not add to the totals shown.
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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Directorate of Intelligence
December 1968
Foreign Shipping to North Vietnam
During November 1968
Summary
Seaborne imports to North Vietnam decreased by
14 percent -- from 164,000 tons in October to
141,000 tons in November -- despite an increase
in foreign ship arrivals from 34 to 42. A drop
in dry cargo deliveries by Soviet large-hatch
ships from the Black Sea accounted for most of
this decline. Deliveries of foodstuffs (68,000
tons) were higher than in October, while those of
petroleum (24,000 tons), fertilizer (4,000 tons),
and general and miscellaneous cargo dropped sharply
from October volumes. Timber deliveries (8,000
tons) were at a record level. Seaborne exports
climbed to 74,000 tons in November, 59 percent
above the volume in October. Coal exports of
62,000 tons were the highest in six months, and
exports of general and miscellaneous cargo of
12,000 tons were the highest in 17 months. The
latter included 4,000 tons of rice, the largest
monthly exports of this commodity since early 1965.
No seaborne imports of arms or ammunition were
detected during November. Projected seaborne
imports for December show an increase to about
the monthly average in January-November -- 160,000
tons.
Ship congestion at Haiphong continued to de-
crease in November but was still far greater than
the low of May 1968. The average number of dry
cargo ships in port per day dropped from 33 in
October to 29 in November, compared with 16 in May.
Note: This memorandum-was produced solely by CIA.
It was prepared by the Office of Economic Research
with assistance from the Imagery Analysis Service.
Information on ship arrivals was coordinated with
the Naval Intelligence Command.
SFCR F,T
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The average layover time for departing dry cargo
ships fell from 35 days in October to 30 days in
November, compared with 14 days in May. The cargo
discharge rate at Haiphong in November remained
well below the high rate achieved in July, probably
because of a reduction in berthing capacity stem-
ming from silting alongside the transit and fishing
wharves.
Ships carrying foodstuffs continued to receive
the highest priority in berthing and offloading.
SL-1 coastal vessels docked at the main wharves
for the first time to load grain from stacks on
the piers for further dissemination to coastal
points south of Haiphong. Construction of the
wharf extension at Haiphong has not progressed
since the disruptive storms of late August and
early September. During November the suction
dredge ZemZesos B was operating in the main channel
entrance to Haiphong for the first time in more
than two years.
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Situation at the Ports
1. Congestion at Haiphong was reduced somewhat
in November but remained heavy. The average number
of dry cargo ships in port per day fell from 33 in
October to 29 in November, five less than the record
high in September and 13 more than the low of May
1968. Average layover times for dry cargo ships
departing Haiphong declined from 35 days in October
to 30 days in November, the lowest average since
July. The high priority given to ships carrying
bulk food (and in some cases to other bulk commodi-
ties such as cement and lumber) enabled nine ships
to depart from Haiphong during November after stays
of eight days or less. At the other extreme, four
Free World ships that had arrived in August and
suffered extensive delays as a result of the storms
in September* departed in November after stays of
more than 12 weeks each.**
2. The rate of cargo discharge at Haiphong in
November was close to that of October but was below
the high rate reached in July. The diminished rate
is apparently the result of a reduction in berthing
capacity caused by silting alongside the transit
and fishing wharves at the time of the September
storms. There was additional evidence during
November of the increased priority given to the
distribution of grain to points remote from Haiphong.
SL-1 coastal vessels were observed for the first
time loading grain sacks at the Chamber of Commerce
Wharves,*** which previously had been reserved for
large foreign freighters. Grain was stacked at the
edge of the wharves in preparation for loading on
* At least one, the Ruthy Ann (see the photo-
graphs), and maybe all four, were damaged during
typhoon Wendy on 9 September.
** Thirty-four dry cargo ships departed Haiphong
in November. Seventeen delivered bulk cargoes,
mostly foodstuffs, and left with turnaround times
of 15 days or Zess, and 11 delivered mostly general
and miscellaneous cargo and left with turnaround
times of 40 days or more.
*** In the past, these vessels loaded at the
fishing wharf. North Vietnam has at least 24 of
these small Chinese-built dry cargo ships, each
able to carry 200 tons of cargo.
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the coastal vessels and barges (see the photographs).
Convoys of up to 12 SL-l's"were seen leaving the
Haiphong area in November.
3. Most of the incoming cargo unloaded at the
Chamber of Commerce Wharves in November apparently
left Haiphong within a few days of discharge..
Cargo in open storage was reduced slightly in
November with the help of a fourth new rail spur.
Construction of the wharf extension at. the western
end of the Chamber of Commerce Wharves; has been
progressing very slowly; the heavy rains in Late
August and early September impeded construction,
and earth fill that had required six to eight weeks
to accumulate was washed away. Some refurbishing
of the main piers continues (see the photographs).
North Vietnam's largest suction dredge, the Zemlesos
8, was observed for the first time since 1966
operating on the Cua Nam Trieu segment. of the
approach channel to Haiphong (see the map).
Arrivals
4. Foreign ship arrivals increased from 34 in
October to 42 in November (see the chart), princi-
pally because of an increase in ships arriving in
ballast to load coal. November arrivals were the
highest since June but only one above the monthly
average for January-October, as shown in Tables 1
and 2 and in the following tabulation:
Monthly Average
Flag
Oct
1968
Nov
1968
Jan-Oct
1968
Ja.n-Oct
1967
Communist
countries
24
29
28.9
26.5
USSR
15
18
17.6
15.0
Eastern Europe
3
3
2.5
2.7
Communist China
5
8
8.3
8.7
Cuba
1
0
0.5
0.1
United Kingdom
7
9
9.5
5.3
Other
3
4
2.7
1.0
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NORTH VIETNAM: Port of Haiphong and Approaches
KIEN AN
m
70
?? sti.
App
ZERO
BUOY
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SECRET North Vietnam: Foreign-Flag Ship Arrivals
17
1965 1966 1967
Total 44 Total 32 Total 32
25
20
10
Jan** Feb Mar Apr May*** Jun Jul*** Aug Sep Oct***Nov Dec
1968
*Including One Passenger Ship
**Excluding Two Cuban Ships
***Excluding One Cuban Ship
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5. The 18 Soviet ship arrivals in November
delivered 39 percent of seaborne imports. Soviet
arrivals included six small tankers and 12 small
dry cargo ships -- all 18 from Far Eastern ports.
For the first time since February 1965, there
were no Soviet ship arrivals from the Black Sea.*
Only one-half of the 20 Soviet ships that departed
in November carried cargo -- six with coal for
Japan and four with chromite, fruit, and handi-
crafts for the USSR.
6. Eight Chinese Communist ships arrived in
November and delivered 15 percent of seaborne
imports. All of these ships came from South
China -- four with foodstuffs (rice and corn), one
with cement, one with general and miscellaneous
cargo (including pig iron), and two in ballast to
load coal. All five departing Chinese Communist
ships went to China -- two with coal and three in
ballast. The three East European ship arrivals
(all Polish-flag ships),delivered 11 percent of
seaborne imports. They carried mostly general and
miscellaneous cargo from Eastern and Western Europe.
7. The 13 Free World arrivals in November,
three more than in October and one above the
monthly average in January-October, delivered 35
percent of seaborne imports; slightly above the
level in the January-October period. Nine of the
13 were Hong Kong-registered British-flag ships;
seven arrived from North China and one each from
Singapore and Cambodia. The remaining four arrivals
included two Somali-flag ships that arrived from
North China, a Cypriot-flag ship from Singapore,
and a Singapore-flag ship from North Korea. Six
of the 14 Free World ships that departed carried
cargo -- three with coal and three with general
and miscellaneous cargo (for additional detail on
arriving and departing ships, see Tables 3 and 4).
Cargo
8. Seaborne imports decreased by 14 percent
to 141,000 tons in November, about 23,000 tons
* Soviet arrivals from the Black Sea in November
of previous years were as follows: 1965, one, 1966,
one; and 1967, five.
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below the volume in October and the monthly average
for the first ten months of 1968.* This decrease
was largely the result of the absence of general
cargo and fertilizer deliveries from the Black Sea.
No dry cargo ships arrived from Soviet Black Sea
ports in November, whereas four arrived in October.
Deliveries from the USSR (50,600 tons) and Communist
China (57,600 tons) accounted for 77 percent of
imports in November.
9. Imports of foodstuffs rose to 68,000 tons,
the highest volume since August and 11 percent
above the monthly average for January?-October.
Deliveries from China (47,300 tons of rice and
corn) were up markedly from the October volume
(19,800 tons), while deliveries from the USSR
(20,400 tons) were only slightly above the October
volume. Except for 900 tons of sugar, all of the
foodstuffs imported from the USSR consisted of
flour. In September the North Vietnamese had
requested the USSR to double the 1968 quarterly
rate of flour deliveries for the fourth quarter,
but there was no evidence through the end of
November that the USSR would comply. Flour ship-
ments from the USSR rose from 12,000 tons in
September to 16,000 tons in October and 19,000 tons
in November, but they remained below the 21,000-
ton monthly average for January-September.
10. Deliveries of petroleum fell to 23,900
tons in November, the lowest total since August
(12,900 tons) and 8,400 tons below the monthly
average for January-October. All of the petroleum
that arrived in November came in bulk from the
Soviet Far East aboard six small Soviet tankers.
Fertilizer deliveries, which had increased sharply
from the 4,600-ton monthly level in August-
September to 15,300 tons in October, fell to 4,500
tons in November, well below the monthly average
for January-October (13,900 tons). Timber imports
reached a record total of 8,000 tons, more than
There may be a seasonal factor in this decrease.
In November 1966 and 1967, imports were signifi-
cantly below the monthly average for the year.
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four times the monthly average for January-October.
All of the timber came in two shipments from Cam-
bodia.*
11. Imports of general and miscellaneous cargo,
after increasing steadily since July, declined in
November to 36,700 tons,** down from 61,400 tons
in October. Deliveries in November were one-third
lower than the monthly average for January-October.
Only 6,300 tons of general and miscellaneous cargo,
principally cement and paper, arrived from the USSR;
this was the lowest volume since January. Imports
of this category from Communist China fell to
10,300 tons in November, less than half their
October volume, and consisted mostly of bituminous
coal, steel products, cement, resin, and tugboats.
Deliveries from Eastern Europe increased from
12,400 tons in October to 14,400 tons in November
and were composed chiefly of machinery and equip-
ment, metals, chemicals, vehicles, tires and tubes,
textiles, and barges. Almost 5,000 tons of steel
products, railroad construction equipment, and
cement arrived from North Korea. No seaborne im-
ports of arms or ammunition were detected during
November.
12. Seaborne exports increased sharply from
46,400 tons in October to 73,700 tons in November,
more than one-third above the monthly average for
January-October (see Table 6). Coal exports rose
to 61,900 tons, the highest level since May (41,000
tons from Cam Pha and 20,900 tons from Hon Gai).
Most of the coal went to Japan (39,300 tons)***;
h The unusually large volume of timber imports
in November is probably related to the expanded
reconstruction efforts since the total bombing
halt on 1 November. Both shipments left Cambodia
in mid-November, two weeks after the cessation of
bombing was announced.
'* The composition of 23 percent of the general
and miscellaneous cargo imported in November has
not yet been identified.
*** In November a Japanese, steamship company in-
creased efforts to substitute its ships for Soviet
and Hong Kong-flag ships carrying coal from North
Vietnam to Japan. Now that the hazards of sailing
to North Vietnam have been sharply reduced, the
Japanese seaman's union has withdrawn its opposi-
tion to participation [footnote continued on p. 8]
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the remainder went to China (17,600 tons) and, Cuba
(5,000 tons).* General and miscellaneous cargo
exports rose from 3,100 tons in October to 11,900
tons in November, well above the monthly average
of 5,000 tons for January-October. The November
total included about 4,000 tons of rice for Indo
nesia, the largest monthly volume of rice exports
since early in 1965.**
in the trade, but the Japanese government may
exert pressure against renewed participation of
Japanese-flag ships in this trade.
* The first export of coal to Cuba since June
1967.
** With cheaper rice substitutes such as corn
from China and wheat flour from the USSR avai'able
for a portion of its dietary needs, North Vietnam
is apparently exporting small quantities of
rice
to earn hard currency. The
tonnage
exported
in
November represents
about
2
percent
of total
rice
imports during the
first
11
months
of 1968.
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North Vietnam: Foreign-Flag Ship Arrivals
January-November 1967 and 1968
January-November
1967
Total
Total
Flag
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Arrivals
Percent
Arrivals
Percent
Total
-46
100.0
35
100.0
Communist countries
21
~1
27
L1
-41-
~l
22
22
L
2Q
70.2
286
80.8
USSR
20
14
20
18
20
20
22
12
15
15
18
194
42.8
165
46.6
Eastern Europe
3
-
3
1
3
7
2
2
1
3
3
28
6.2
28
7.9
Albania
-
-
--
-
-
1
--
--
-
--
--
1
0.2
1
C.3
Bulgaria
-
--
--
--
1
1
--
--
--
1
-
3
0.7
4
1.1
UD
Poland
3
--
3
1
2
5
2
2
1
2
3
24
5.3
23
6.5 00
Communist China
11
7
8
8
10
14
6
8
6
5
8
91
20.1
92
26.0
FTi
do Cuba
2
--
--
-
1
-
1
-
-
1
--
5
1.1
1
0.3 by
Free World
10
8
12
18
S
8
12
10
1:
29.8
68
19.2
Cyprus
1
1
-
3
2
-
3
1
1
1
13
2.9
5
1.4
Italy
-
--
1
--
-
-
-
--
-
-
1
0.2
2
0.6
Japan
--
--
--
--
1
-
-
-
-
--
-
1
0.2
-
-
Kuwait
--
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
1
--
-
1
0.2
--
-
Lebanon
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
2
0.4
--
--
Malta
--
-
-
--
--
1
-
--
--
--
-
. 1
0.2
3
0.8
Singapore
--
--
1
1
--
1
--
-
1
--
1
5
1.1
--
--
Somalia
--
--
-
--
-
-
2
-
2
2
6
1.3
--
-
United Kingdom
9
7
10
10
14
12
6
9
11
7
9
104
23.0
58
16.4
Illegal flag
--
--
-
1
--
-
--
-
-
--
--
C.2
--
-
a. This ship, the Yvonne, was under Greek registry when it departed for TNorth-Vietnam. However, when the Greek government learned where the
Yvonne was going, it rescinded the ship's registry. The ship then unsuccessfully tried to obtain Cypriot registry, and finally arrived in
North Vietnam in mid-April illegally flying the Cypriot flag.
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North Vietnam: Tonnage of Foreign-Flag Ship Arrivals
January-November 1967 and 1968
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Gross
Gross
Gross
Gross
Arrivals
Register
Tons
Arrivals
Register
Tons
Arrivals
Register
Tons
Arrivals
Register
Tons
L
177.3
22
17 8
L
2,201.8
I/
L
ZL .2
C
trl n
i
t
28
150.0
36
153.8
383
1,915.7
315
1,551.4
l J
Tanker
6
27.3
6
20.0
70
286.1
39
205.9
Communist countries
130.3
22
117.2
18
1,548.0
286
1.416.1
USSR
15
86.2
18
58.1
194
906.4
165
843.6
Eastern Europe
3
20.0
3
23.7
28
210.8
28
216.6
Communist China
5
14.7
8
35.4
91
383.8
92
346.3
Cuba
1
9.4
--
--
5
47.0
_
9.5
47.1
-3
56.6
653.9
68
341.2
a. The aggregated tonnage of ships calling does not necessarily reflect the actual volume of cargoes moving into and out of
North Vietnam, but is of value as an indicator of relative changes in the volume of shipping.
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North Vietnam: Origin of Foreign-Flag Ship Arrivals, by Flag
November 1968
H I
Tanker USSR (Far East) Haiphong
Dry cargo USSR (Far East) Haiphong
Dry cargo USSR (Far East) Haiphong
Dry cargo USSR (Far East) Haiphong
Dry cargo North Korea Haiphong
Dry cargo Cambodia Haiphong
Dry cargo Hong Kong Cam Pha
Dry cargo Eastern Europe Haiphong
Dry cargo Eastern and
Western Europe Haiphong
Dry cargo Eastern and Western
Europe and Singapore Haiphong
Dry cargo Communist China Haiphong
Dry cargo Communist China Haiphong
Dry cargo Communist China Can Pha
Dry cargo Communist China Haiphong
Dry cargo Communist China Haiphong
Dry cargo North Korea Haiphong
Dry cargo Cambodia Haiphong
Dry cargo Singapore Haiphong
Dry cargo Singapore Can Pha
Dry cargo Communist China Hon Gai
Bulk petroleum
Bulk food
Food and general and miscellaneous
General and miscellaneous
Fertilizer, and general and miscellaneous
Tirib er
In ballast to load coal
Food and general and miscellaneous
Food and general and miscellaneous
Food and general and miscellaneous
Bulk food
General and miscellaneous
In ballast to load coal
Bulk food
General and miscellaneous
Fertilizer and general and miscellaneous
Timber and general and miscellaneous
In ballast
In ballast to load coal
Bull: food
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Charter Number
Communist China
Communist China
North Vietnam
Forth Vietnam
t:orth Vietnam
Forth Vietnam
Communist China
~ D
H
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North Vietnam: Destination of Foreign Flag Ship Departures, by Flag
November 1968
Type of
Vessel
Port of
Departure
Number
20
Tanker
USSR (Far East)
Haiphong
In ballast
6
Dry cargo
USSR and North Korea
Haiphong
General and miscellaneous
1
Dry cargo
Singapore
Haiphong
General and miscellaneous
2
Dry cargo
Dry cargo
Singapore
Japan
Haiphong
Hon Gai
In ballast
Coal
3
Dry cargo
Japan
Cam Pha
Coal
3
Dry cargo
Cambodia
Haiphong
In ballast
1
CfD
Dry cargo
Dry cargo
North Korea
Ircionesia
Haiphong
Haiphong
In ballast
General and miscellaneous
l
1
Cf)
F-
Dry cargo
Indonesia
Haiphong
In ballast
l
~L\
Eastern Europe
Dry cargo
Dry cargo
Eastern Europe
Singapore and transshipping
cargo to Hong Kong and
Indonesia
11
H
Dry cargo
Dry Cargo
Dry cargo
Comum, i st China
Communist China
Communist China
Haiphong
Cam Pha
Hon Gai
In ballast
Coal
Coal
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 United Kingdom
Cyprus
Somalia
Singapore
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Table 4 (Continued)
North Vietnam: Destination of Foreign-Flag Ship Departures, by Flag
November 1968
Type of
Vessel
Tanker
Dry cargo
Dry cargo
Dry cargo
Dry cargo
Dry cargo
Dry cargo
Dry cargo
Commini st China
Communist China
Japan
Malaysia
Singapore
Singapore
Communist China
Hong Kong
Port of
Departure
Haiphong
Haiphong
Cam Pha
Hon Gai
Haiphong
Haiphong
Haiphong
Haiphong
In ballast
In ballast
Coal
Coal
General and miscellaneous
General and miscellaneous (including
transshipment cargo for Japan,
Lebanon, and Western Europe)
In ballast
General and miscellaneous (and
transshipment cargo for Japan and
Western Europe
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1 `J
6 f,y
2
l H
1
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North Vietnam: Imports carried on Foreign-Flag Ships J
November 1968 and January-November 1967 and 1968
November 1968
January-Ttiovember
Flag
General and
Foodstuffs
Fertilizer
Petroleum
Timber
Miscellaneous
b
Total
1967
1968
Total
6.0
23.9
8
0
.
L
_
I
I
141.0
1.286.E
.777.4
F-
Communist countries
36.2
1.1
23
9
1
0
2
9
4
.
_
.
91.5
1,002.2
1,183.7
USSR
Eastern Euro
e
20.4
0
1.1
23.9
1.0
9.1
55.5
607.3
777.5
-7
p
Communist China
.3
-
-
--
14.8
15.1
94.4
153
9
Cuba
15.4
--
-
-
5.5
20.9
288.3
.
206.3
--
--
--
--
--
12.2
46.0
Free World
31.8
3.4
2
7.0
7
3
49
5
8
6
.
.
2
4..
593.7
a. Imports include some estimates of cargoes, using methods which have proved to be highly reliable.
b. Including unidentified cargo of 8,400 tons.
Approved For Release 2008/04/15: CIA-RDP78TO2095R000800070085-2
 Approved For Release 2008/04/15: CIA-RDP78TO2095R000800070085-2 --
North Vietnam: Exports Carried on Foreign-Flag Ships a/
November 1968 and January-November 1967 and 1968
November 1968
January-November
General and
Flag
Coal
Miscellaneous
T
t
l
6
o
a
19
7
1968
Total
61.9
11.9
73.7
2
531
621
1
.
.
Communist countries
42.8
6.0
48.7
458
0
4
512
.
.
USSR
24.2
2.1
26.3
239.9
177.3
Eastern Europe
3.8
3.8
54.7
4
30
Communist China
13.6
13.6
158.0
.
293
8
Cuba
5.0
0.1
5.0
5.4
.
10.9
19.1
5.9
25.0
73
1
108
7
.
.
a. Exports include some estimates of cargoes, using methods which have proved to be
highly reliable.
Approved For Release 2008/04/15: CIA-RDP78TO2095R000800070085-2
 Approved For Release 2008/04/15: CIA-RDP78TO2095R000800070085-2
Secret
Secret
Approved For Release 2008/04/15: CIA-RDP78TO2095R000800070085-2