SURFACE - TO - AIR MISSILE SITES IN THE URAL MOUNTAINS AREA USSR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78T04751A000400010016-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 22
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 21, 2003
• Sequence Number: 16
• Publication Date: August 1, 1959
• Content Type: IR

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COPY NO.:
Joint Photographic Intelligence Report
SURFACE - TO - AIR MISSILE SITES IN THE
URAL MOUNTAINS AREA
USSR
ARMY
NAVY
AUGUST 1959.
COORDINATED, PUBLISHED, AND DISSEMINATED BY
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
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This document contains information usable only within the 25X
It is to be seen on a MUST-KNOW BASIS ONLY BY PERSONNEL __. __IA__. INDOC-
TRINATED AND AUTHORIZED. Reproduction is prohibited unless approved by the
originator.
Declass Review by NIMA / DoD
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CIA
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This material contains information affecting
the National Defense of the United States
within the meaning of the espionage laws,
Title 18, USC, Secs. 793 and 794, the trans-
mission or revelation of which in any manner
to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
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SURFACE-TO-AIR MISSILE SITES IN THE
URAL MOUNTAINS AREA
PIC/JR-21/59
AUGUST 1959
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1
PREFACE
This Joint Photographic Intelligence Report prepared by the Army,
Navy, and Central Intelligence Agency provides a preliminary photo
analysis of 19 surface-to-air missile sites in the Ural Mountains area,
USSR.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction ................... ..... .......... .
.Page
7
11. Conclusions ........... .............. ......... 8
III. General .... .....:...... < ......... . ..... .. 8
IV. Type "A" Sites . .................................. 12
V. Type "B'' Sites ............. . _ .... 15
VI. Tabulation of SAM Sites in the Ural Mountains Area, USSR ... a .. 18
VII. References ................................. . ... 22
LIST OF GRAPHICS
Figure 1. Location Map ................................ 6
Figure 2. Line Drawing, Comparison of Type "A"
and Type "B" Operational Areas ............... 7
Figure 3. Perspective Drawing of a Launch Emplacement , ...... , .. 11
Figure 4. Aerial Photograph of Type "A" SAM Site .............. 12
Figure 5. Line Drawing of Type "A" SAM Site . .... . . . ....... . 13
Figure 6. Aerial Photograph of Type "B" SAM Site ............. 15
Figure 7. Line Drawing of Type "B" SAM Site ................. 16
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la INTRODUCTION
Nineteen surface-to-air missile (SAM) sites have been identified
near key atomic energy and industrial complexes in the Ural Mountains
area, USSR (Figure 1), These sites, appearing on aerial photography
of are in varying stages of construction and are different
in design and operation from the SAM sites ringing Moscow.
Two types of sites are presently being built in the Ural Mountains
area. These two types, for the purpose of this report, are designated
Type "A" and Type "B" (Figure 2). Eleven sites are Type "A" and eight
sites are Type "B"o"
Both types consist of a fenced operations area and a nearby support
area. All sites are served by improved roads, No rail facilities have
been observed leading to the sites.
A total of twenty missiles, twenty-four missile launchers and three
possible guidance radars have been identified. Nine of the missiles are
positioned on launchers, and eleven are positioned on trailers.
The existence of missiles on launchers and possible guidance radars
at three of the sites suggests an immediate operational capability.
TYPE A TYPE B
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11. CONCLUSIONS
The following conclusions are based on a preliminary photographic
analysis.
1. The SAM sites in the Ural Mountains area are less complex in
design and require much less construction material and construction
equipment than the SAM sites in the Moscow area.
2. The sites are deployed for point defense.
3. The Type "B" sites are more efficient in missile-reload capability
than the Type "A" sites.
4. Total immediate firepower capability is six missiles with an
additional six missiles in stand-by status.
5. The sites, although not permanent in construction, are designed
for sustained operations.
6. The system employed on these sites is self-sufficient and capable
of operating with field forces.
7. Three sites presently appear to have some operational capability.
8. SAM systems similar to those z.n the Ural Mow, twins area are probably
being employed elsewhere in the USSR and Satellites.
I11 e GENERAL
The SAM sites, in the Ural Mountains area, are deployed for point
defense of atomic energy and key industrial complexes. The average
distance from a target complex to a SAM site is 11 nautical miles, and in
most cases, at least two SAM sites are deployed at a complex. The
average distance between SAM sites deployed at a complex is 23 nautical
miles.
Both Type "A" and Type "B" SAM sites have a fenced operations area
and a nearby support area (Figures 4 through 7). A missile-guidance system
radar is positioned on an earth mound near the center of the operations
area. The radar is surrounded by ten associated guidance-equipment
vehicles within revetments. Cables radiate from the guidance area to six
drive-through launch revetments positioned in a hexagonal pattern. Each
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completed launch revetment contains a gravel-surfaced pad to support
the launcher. A gravel-surfaced circular service road encompasses the
launch revetments. Other gravel-surfaced service roads lead from the
circular road through the launch revetments o These service roads in
the Type "A", site form a six-pointed star pattern and in the Type "B"
site form six separate elliptical patterns. Three missile-hold revetments
which can accommodate two missiles each, are equally spaced around the
exterior side of the circular road. Missile tractor-trailers (transporters),
launcher prime movers, and other vehicles and equipment are parked in
a specially prepared area. On some of the sites the entrance road to the
operations area also serves the support area.
The support area contains both permanent and temporary living
quarters and minor support facilities. There is no evidence of the con-
struction of assembly, checkout, fueling, or repair facilities.
Type "A" and Type "B" sites differ in the design of the operations
area (Figure 2)a The primary differences are in the positioning of the
launch revetments and in the positioning of the missile-hold revetments
in relation to the service roads o
The Type "A" launch revetments have all launchers positioned on
the inner side of the service roads o Counterclockwise flow of traffic is
indicated by the position of the missile-hold revetments in relation to the
service roads. Two launch revetments are serviced from each missile-
hold revetment, Type "B" launch revetments have the launchers alter-
nating in position from the inner to the outer side of the service roads o A
clockwise and counterclockwise flow of traffic is indicated by the position
of the missile-hold revetments in relation to the service roads. Two launch
revetments are serviced from each missile-hold revetment.
The service-road network at Type "B" sites indicates amore efficient
missile-reload capability. Roads leaving the three missile-hold revetments,
and crossing the circular service road, branch right and left, permitting
two transporters to simultaneously service two launchers o Upon servicing
the launchers the transporters can return to the missile-hold revetment
by completing an elliptic turn,
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At the Type "A" sites, however, for two transporters to simultaneously
service two launchers, one of the transporters must proceed along the cir-
cular service road and bypass one of the two launchers being serviced. This
results in considerably more transporter travel before reaching one of the
launchers and could interfere with transporters reloading other launchers.
A SAM firing unit consists of six mobile launchers with six cargo-type
prime movers, six missiles on trailers pulled by six ZIS 151 tractors,
seven van-type vehicles, three van-type trailers, and one radar trailer.
No other vehicles, except a possible 1/4-ton truck, have been observed
at the sites.
Each launcher has removable bogie wheels. When the launcher is
emplaced the bogie wheels are removed and kept in the motor vehicle park
behind their respective prime mover. When emplaced, the launchers appear
to have outriggers which probably fold against the longitudinal girder for
traveling. The launchers have elevation and traverse capability. It
appears that the launcher rail move independently in elevation and depends
on the carriage for positioning in azimuth. A blast deflector is attached to
the rear of the launcher carriage. When the launcher is emplaced the blast
deflector is lowered from its traveling position to ground level and moves
with the launcher in azimuth. only.
When the launcher has been emplaced, the transporter, with a missile,
drives into the revetment and stops on alignment chocks in front of the
launcher (Figure 3). The missile is probably turned on the trailer in a
clockwise direction and positioned tailfirst onto the launcher. The trans-
porter then returns to the motor park. It appears that no special equipment
is required for handling the missiles. At some sites missiles have been
observed in the hold revetments on trailers while tractors are in the motor
park. At other sites missiles have been left on their trailers in the
operational revetments while the tractors are in the motor park.
Each of the "A'" type sites in which construction is almost complete
has a gravel-surfaced vehicle parking area, a POL storage area and a
revetment possibly for servicing of vehicles. The motor park is simple
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FIGURE 3. PERSPECTIVE DRAWING OF A LAUNCH EMPLACEMENT. This perspective drawing of a typical
SAM launch revetment shows a canvas-covered launcher and a missile being brought into position. It is currently
undetermined whether the GUIDELINE missile depicted here actually operates from the type "A" and type "B"
SAM sites treated in this report.
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in construction and designed to perform only first- and possibly second-
echelon maintenance. This is evidenced by the lack of ordnance support
equipment.
The missile- guidance system radar equipment is all contained
in vans. When the vans arrive on site they are usually emplaced in three
double and four single revetments near the center of the operations
area. The radar is placed on an earth mound near the vans, the canvas
cover removed and the set assembled. Cables are laid from the vans to
each launcher,
Operational equipment similar to that found at the Ural Mountains
area SAM sites has been observed elsewhere in the USSRI 25X1
On ground photography dated 3 July 1959, l/ launchers of the
same type were observed being transported on rail flatcars in the
Leningrad area. On aerial photography dated 2/ canvas-25X1
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covered missiles resembling those found in the Ural Mountains area were
observed at the Istra Assembly Plant.
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The support area is divided into living and maintenance sections,
In the living section are the tents, BOQ's, mess hall, administration
buildings, and the athletic and drill field. Living accommodations for
approximately 125 men are found at the sites most nearly completed.
However, personnel at most of the sites are still living in tents. There is
a possible vehicle shed under construction in the maintenance section
of the two sites in addition to other support-type buildings. None of the
support areas appear to be completed.
IV. TYPE "A" SAM SITES
The following tabulation is a description of facilities which may be found
at a typical Type "A" SAM site. Item numbers are keyed to Figure 5.
FIGURE 4. AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY OP TYPE "A" SAM SITE. The Installation shown (70 nm SSW of
Magnitogorsk) is one of two sites under con-ttruction for the point defense of the Magnitogorsk steel compl
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Item No.
1.
Three -double-bay revetments Each 30 wide
Four single-bay revetments 25X
Description Dimensions (feet)
Missile-guidance system, radar posi- Not available
tioned on earth mound.
Seven revetments for vehicles asso-
ciated with the missile-guidance system
//k!iIThJT
;i 19'
18 I I
Li 11
X 17Li
111314 14
FIGURE 5. LINE DRAWING OF TYPE "A" SAM SITE. The line drawing (not to scale) is of the typical type
"A" SAM'site shown in Fig. 4. The numbered annotations are fully described in the accompanying text.
3 Six launch revetments (Each revet-
ment is, elliptical in shape and con-
sists of a gravel-surfaced launch pad
and a gravel-surfaced drive-through
road)
Four wheel chocks positioned on the
drive-through road.
Each revetment containing a launcher
with a blast deflector attached to the
rear
4 Cables (possibly in shallow ditches)
from guidance area to each launch re-
vetment.
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Item No. Description Dimensions (feet)
5 Circular service road, graveled 920 (outside dia.)
6 Launch revetment service roads, grav-
eled, consisting of six straight line
chords inside of the circular service
road. (Each chord passes through one
launch revetment. The service roads
form a six-pointed star with rounded
points.)
7 Three missile-hold revetments, each 110 x 20
on exterior side of circular service
road. (Each revetment is designed to
hold two missiles on trailers.)
8 Vehicle parking area (gravel-surfaced, 205 x 50
designed to hold 7 missile transporters,
6 launcher prime movers and all
launcher bogie wheels)
9 POL storage area (gravel-surfaced; 60 x 50
possibly 3 rows of drums.)
10 Operational area security fence, board
11 Operational area entrance, checkpoint,
gate and guard shack
12 Possible barracks under construction
13 Support building
14 Permanent-type housing
15 Permanent-type housing
16 Twenty-one pyr amidal tents, gravel-
surfaced strip in front-
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1270 x 1270
55 x 30
17 Building under construction 80 x 65
18 Building under construction. 135 x 45
19 Support Building 50 x 20
20 Support Building 30 x 25
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V. TYPE "B" SAM SITES
The following:-. tabulation is a description of facilities which' may be
found at a typical Type "B" SAM site. Item numbers are keyed to Figure 7.
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1
Item No.
Description
1 Missile-guidance system radar posi-
tioned on earth mound.
2 Seven revetments for vehicles -asso-
ciatcd:With the missile-guidance system
Three double-bay revetments
Four single-bay revetments
3 Six launch revetments . (Each revet-
ment is elliptical in shape and con-
sists of a gravel-surfaced launch pad
and a gravel-surfaced drive-through
road'.)
Dimensions (feet)
Not available
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Each 30 (wide)
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X
OPERATIONS AREA
x x x
FIGURE 7. LINE DRAWING OF TYPE "B" SAM SITE. The line drawing (not to scale) is of the typical
type "B" SAM site shown in Fig. 6. The numbered annotations are fully described in the accompanying text.
Item No. Description Dimensions feet.)
Four wheel chocks positioned on the
drive-through road
Each revetment containing a launcher
with a blast deflector attached to the
rear
Cables (possibly in shallow ditches)
from guidance system area to each
launch revetment
Track 5,
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5 Circular service, road, graveled 920 (outside dia.)
6 Launch revetment service roads, grav.- 20 (wide)
eled, consisting of 6 - elliptical-shaped 10 (width at launch
roads. revetment entrances)
7 Three missile-hold revetments, each 25 (wide)
on exterior side of circular, service
road. (Each revetment is: designed to
hold two missiles on trailers.)
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Item No. Description Dimensions (feet)
8 Vehicle parking area (gravel-surfaced, Not available
designed to hold 7 missile transporters,
6 launcher prime movers, and all
launcher bogie wheels)
9 Operational area security fence, board Approx. 1255 x 1095
10
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Operational area entrance, checkpoint, 25 (width of gate
gate and guard shack 25X
11 Support area security fence, board 630 x 450
12 Barracks 135 x 40
13 Permanent-type housing 80 x 40
14 Permanent-type housing 70 x 40
15 Support building 35 x 25
16 Three pyramidal tents
17 Twelve pyramidal tents (gravel -sur-
faced strip in front of tents.) -
18 Support building under construction
65 x 50
19 Support building under construction 35 x 25
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11 nm ENE of U/ I Installation
39 nm S of Sverdlovsk
9 nm WNW of U/I Installation
39 nm S of Sverdlovsk
56 44 N
60 57 E
56 17 N
60 54 E
56 14 N
60 20 E
54 53 N
61 35 E
Late/
Mid
Late /
early
MISSILE - HOLD
REVETMENTS
Not
Started
Not
Started
18
A
14 nm NNE of Magnitogorsk
53 36 N
Late/
Late/
Iron and Steel Plant
59 06 E
early
early
19
A
10 nm SSW of Magnitogorsk
53 15 N
Complete
Late/
Iron and Steel Plant
58 58 E
poss. late
* - Numbers are keyed to location map, Figure 1
U/C - Under construction
Late - All construction almost complete
Mid - Clearing or excavating complete
Early - Initial clearing or excavating
Late/ Mid - Not all revetments in same status of construction
Late/ Early - Not all revetments in same status of construction
Mid/Early - Not all revetments in same status of construction
(Complex) - Major target complex at or near the town location.
Distance and direction is from the complex.
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LAUNCH
REVETMENTS
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SERVICE
ROADS
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GUIDANCE
REVETMENTS
Early
Early
Not
Started
Complete
Some
Graded
Not
Started
NO. OF
LAUNCHERS
None
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ON
LAUNCHER
ON
TRAILER
Unim-
proved
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GUIDANCE
RADAR
NO. OF
VEHICLES
NO. OF
BLDGS
NO. OF
TENTS
1 U/C
6 U/C
6 U/C
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V11. REFERENCES
MAP DATA:
WAC 156; 164, 1:1,000,000. (U)
AMS Series N 50 1, 1:250,000. (U)
Sheets
NN 40 3; 40 - 6; 40 - 9
NN 41 - 1; 41 - 4
NO 40 - 6; 40 - 9; 40 - 12
NO 41 - 4; 41 - 10
DOCUMENTS:
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